@theia/filesystem 1.48.1 → 1.48.3

package/src/browser/file-service.ts

@@ -1,1841 +1,1841 @@
-// *****************************************************************************
-// Copyright (C) 2020 TypeFox and others.
-//
-// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
-// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
-// http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
-//
-// This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
-// Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the Eclipse
-// Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License, version 2
-// with the GNU Classpath Exception which is available at
-// https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
-//
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-only WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
-// *****************************************************************************
-/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- *  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
- *  Licensed under the MIT License. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
- *--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-// based on https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/04c36be045a94fee58e5f8992d3e3fd980294a84/src/vs/platform/files/common/fileService.ts
-// and https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/04c36be045a94fee58e5f8992d3e3fd980294a84/src/vs/workbench/services/textfile/browser/textFileService.ts
-// and https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/04c36be045a94fee58e5f8992d3e3fd980294a84/src/vs/workbench/services/textfile/electron-browser/nativeTextFileService.ts
-// and https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/04c36be045a94fee58e5f8992d3e3fd980294a84/src/vs/workbench/services/workingCopy/common/workingCopyFileService.ts
-// and https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/04c36be045a94fee58e5f8992d3e3fd980294a84/src/vs/workbench/services/workingCopy/common/workingCopyFileOperationParticipant.ts
-
-/* eslint-disable max-len */
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-shadow */
-/* eslint-disable no-null/no-null */
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/tslint/config */
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
-
-import { injectable, inject, named, postConstruct } from '@theia/core/shared/inversify';
-import URI from '@theia/core/lib/common/uri';
-import { timeout, Deferred } from '@theia/core/lib/common/promise-util';
-import { CancellationToken, CancellationTokenSource } from '@theia/core/lib/common/cancellation';
-import { Disposable, DisposableCollection } from '@theia/core/lib/common/disposable';
-import { WaitUntilEvent, Emitter, AsyncEmitter, Event } from '@theia/core/lib/common/event';
-import { ContributionProvider } from '@theia/core/lib/common/contribution-provider';
-import { TernarySearchTree } from '@theia/core/lib/common/ternary-search-tree';
-import {
-    ensureFileSystemProviderError, etag, ETAG_DISABLED,
-    FileChangesEvent,
-    FileOperation, FileOperationError,
-    FileOperationEvent, FileOperationResult, FileSystemProviderCapabilities,
-    FileSystemProviderErrorCode, FileType, hasFileFolderCopyCapability, hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, hasReadWriteCapability,
-    CreateFileOptions, FileContent, FileStat, FileStatWithMetadata,
-    FileStreamContent, FileSystemProvider,
-    FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability,
-    ReadFileOptions, ResolveFileOptions, ResolveMetadataFileOptions,
-    Stat, WatchOptions, WriteFileOptions,
-    toFileOperationResult, toFileSystemProviderErrorCode,
-    ResolveFileResult, ResolveFileResultWithMetadata,
-    MoveFileOptions, CopyFileOptions, BaseStatWithMetadata, FileDeleteOptions, FileOperationOptions, hasAccessCapability, hasUpdateCapability,
-    hasFileReadStreamCapability, FileSystemProviderWithFileReadStreamCapability, ReadOnlyMessageFileSystemProvider
-} from '../common/files';
-import { BinaryBuffer, BinaryBufferReadable, BinaryBufferReadableStream, BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream, BinaryBufferWriteableStream } from '@theia/core/lib/common/buffer';
-import { ReadableStream, isReadableStream, isReadableBufferedStream, transform, consumeStream, peekStream, peekReadable, Readable } from '@theia/core/lib/common/stream';
-import { LabelProvider } from '@theia/core/lib/browser/label-provider';
-import { FileSystemPreferences } from './filesystem-preferences';
-import { ProgressService } from '@theia/core/lib/common/progress-service';
-import { DelegatingFileSystemProvider } from '../common/delegating-file-system-provider';
-import type { TextDocumentContentChangeEvent } from '@theia/core/shared/vscode-languageserver-protocol';
-import { EncodingRegistry } from '@theia/core/lib/browser/encoding-registry';
-import { UTF8, UTF8_with_bom } from '@theia/core/lib/common/encodings';
-import { EncodingService, ResourceEncoding, DecodeStreamResult } from '@theia/core/lib/common/encoding-service';
-import { Mutable } from '@theia/core/lib/common/types';
-import { readFileIntoStream } from '../common/io';
-import { FileSystemWatcherErrorHandler } from './filesystem-watcher-error-handler';
-import { FileSystemUtils } from '../common/filesystem-utils';
-import { nls } from '@theia/core';
-import { MarkdownString } from '@theia/core/lib/common/markdown-rendering';
-
-export interface FileOperationParticipant {
-
-    /**
-     * Participate in a file operation of a working copy. Allows to
-     * change the working copy before it is being saved to disk.
-     */
-    participate(
-        target: URI,
-        source: URI | undefined,
-        operation: FileOperation,
-        timeout: number,
-        token: CancellationToken
-    ): Promise<void>;
-}
-
-export interface ReadEncodingOptions {
-
-    /**
-     * The optional encoding parameter allows to specify the desired encoding when resolving
-     * the contents of the file.
-     */
-    encoding?: string;
-
-    /**
-     * The optional guessEncoding parameter allows to guess encoding from content of the file.
-     */
-    autoGuessEncoding?: boolean;
-}
-
-export interface WriteEncodingOptions {
-
-    /**
-     * The encoding to use when updating a file.
-     */
-    encoding?: string;
-
-    /**
-     * If set to true, will enforce the selected encoding and not perform any detection using BOMs.
-     */
-    overwriteEncoding?: boolean;
-}
-
-export interface ReadTextFileOptions extends ReadEncodingOptions, ReadFileOptions {
-    /**
-     * The optional acceptTextOnly parameter allows to fail this request early if the file
-     * contents are not textual.
-     */
-    acceptTextOnly?: boolean;
-}
-
-interface BaseTextFileContent extends BaseStatWithMetadata {
-
-    /**
-     * The encoding of the content if known.
-     */
-    encoding: string;
-}
-
-export interface TextFileContent extends BaseTextFileContent {
-
-    /**
-     * The content of a text file.
-     */
-    value: string;
-}
-
-export interface TextFileStreamContent extends BaseTextFileContent {
-
-    /**
-     * The line grouped content of a text file.
-     */
-    value: ReadableStream<string>;
-}
-
-export interface CreateTextFileOptions extends WriteEncodingOptions, CreateFileOptions { }
-
-export interface WriteTextFileOptions extends WriteEncodingOptions, WriteFileOptions { }
-
-export interface UpdateTextFileOptions extends WriteEncodingOptions, WriteFileOptions {
-    readEncoding: string
-}
-
-export interface UserFileOperationEvent extends WaitUntilEvent {
-
-    /**
-     * An identifier to correlate the operation through the
-     * different event types (before, after, error).
-     */
-    readonly correlationId: number;
-
-    /**
-     * The file operation that is taking place.
-     */
-    readonly operation: FileOperation;
-
-    /**
-     * The resource the event is about.
-     */
-    readonly target: URI;
-
-    /**
-     * A property that is defined for move operations.
-     */
-    readonly source?: URI;
-}
-
-export const FileServiceContribution = Symbol('FileServiceContribution');
-
-/**
- * A {@link FileServiceContribution} can be used to add custom {@link FileSystemProvider}s.
- * For this, the contribution has to listen to the {@link FileSystemProviderActivationEvent} and register
- * the custom {@link FileSystemProvider}s according to the scheme when this event is fired.
- *
- * ### Example usage
- * ```ts
- * export class MyFileServiceContribution implements FileServiceContribution {
- *     registerFileSystemProviders(service: FileService): void {
- *         service.onWillActivateFileSystemProvider(event => {
- *             if (event.scheme === 'mySyncProviderScheme') {
- *                 service.registerProvider('mySyncProviderScheme', this.mySyncProvider);
- *             }
- *             if (event.scheme === 'myAsyncProviderScheme') {
- *                 event.waitUntil((async () => {
- *                     const myAsyncProvider = await this.createAsyncProvider();
- *                     service.registerProvider('myAsyncProviderScheme', myAsyncProvider);
- *                 })());
- *             }
- *         });
- *
- *     }
- *```
- */
-export interface FileServiceContribution {
-    /**
-     * Register custom file system providers for the given {@link FileService}.
-     * @param service The file service for which the providers should be registered.
-     */
-    registerFileSystemProviders(service: FileService): void;
-}
-
-/**
- * Represents the `FileSystemProviderRegistration` event.
- * This event is fired by the {@link FileService} if a {@link FileSystemProvider} is
- * registered to or unregistered from the service.
- */
-export interface FileSystemProviderRegistrationEvent {
-    /** `True` if a new provider has been registered, `false` if a provider has been unregistered. */
-    added: boolean;
-    /** The (uri) scheme for which the provider was (previously) registered */
-    scheme: string;
-    /** The affected file system provider for which this event was fired. */
-    provider?: FileSystemProvider;
-}
-
-/**
- * Represents the `FileSystemProviderCapabilitiesChange` event.
- * This event is fired by the {@link FileService} if the capabilities of one of its managed
- * {@link FileSystemProvider}s have changed.
- */
-export interface FileSystemProviderCapabilitiesChangeEvent {
-    /** The affected file system provider for which this event was fired. */
-    provider: FileSystemProvider;
-    /** The (uri) scheme for which the provider is registered */
-    scheme: string;
-}
-
-export interface FileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessageChangeEvent {
-    /** The affected file system provider for which this event was fired. */
-    provider: FileSystemProvider;
-    /** The uri for which the provider is registered */
-    scheme: string;
-    /** The new read only message */
-    message: MarkdownString | undefined;
-}
-
-/**
- * Represents the `FileSystemProviderActivation` event.
- * This event is fired by the {@link FileService} if it wants to activate the
- * {@link FileSystemProvider} for a specific scheme.
- */
-export interface FileSystemProviderActivationEvent extends WaitUntilEvent {
-    /** The (uri) scheme for which the provider should be activated */
-    scheme: string;
-}
-
-export const enum TextFileOperationResult {
-    FILE_IS_BINARY
-}
-
-export class TextFileOperationError extends FileOperationError {
-
-    constructor(
-        message: string,
-        public textFileOperationResult: TextFileOperationResult,
-        override options?: ReadTextFileOptions & WriteTextFileOptions
-    ) {
-        super(message, FileOperationResult.FILE_OTHER_ERROR);
-        Object.setPrototypeOf(this, TextFileOperationError.prototype);
-    }
-
-}
-
-/**
- * The {@link FileService} is the common facade responsible for all interactions with file systems.
- * It manages all registered {@link FileSystemProvider}s and
- *  forwards calls to the responsible {@link FileSystemProvider}, determined by the scheme.
- * For additional documentation regarding the provided functions see also {@link FileSystemProvider}.
- */
-@injectable()
-export class FileService {
-
-    private readonly BUFFER_SIZE = 64 * 1024;
-
-    @inject(LabelProvider)
-    protected readonly labelProvider: LabelProvider;
-
-    @inject(FileSystemPreferences)
-    protected readonly preferences: FileSystemPreferences;
-
-    @inject(ProgressService)
-    protected readonly progressService: ProgressService;
-
-    @inject(EncodingRegistry)
-    protected readonly encodingRegistry: EncodingRegistry;
-
-    @inject(EncodingService)
-    protected readonly encodingService: EncodingService;
-
-    @inject(ContributionProvider) @named(FileServiceContribution)
-    protected readonly contributions: ContributionProvider<FileServiceContribution>;
-
-    @inject(FileSystemWatcherErrorHandler)
-    protected readonly watcherErrorHandler: FileSystemWatcherErrorHandler;
-
-    @postConstruct()
-    protected init(): void {
-        for (const contribution of this.contributions.getContributions()) {
-            contribution.registerFileSystemProviders(this);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // #region Events
-
-    private correlationIds = 0;
-
-    private readonly onWillRunUserOperationEmitter = new AsyncEmitter<UserFileOperationEvent>();
-    /**
-     * An event that is emitted when file operation is being performed.
-     * This event is triggered by user gestures.
-     */
-    readonly onWillRunUserOperation = this.onWillRunUserOperationEmitter.event;
-
-    private readonly onDidFailUserOperationEmitter = new AsyncEmitter<UserFileOperationEvent>();
-    /**
-     * An event that is emitted when file operation is failed.
-     * This event is triggered by user gestures.
-     */
-    readonly onDidFailUserOperation = this.onDidFailUserOperationEmitter.event;
-
-    private readonly onDidRunUserOperationEmitter = new AsyncEmitter<UserFileOperationEvent>();
-    /**
-     * An event that is emitted when file operation is finished.
-     * This event is triggered by user gestures.
-     */
-    readonly onDidRunUserOperation = this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.event;
-
-    // #endregion
-
-    // #region File System Provider
-
-    private onDidChangeFileSystemProviderRegistrationsEmitter = new Emitter<FileSystemProviderRegistrationEvent>();
-    readonly onDidChangeFileSystemProviderRegistrations = this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderRegistrationsEmitter.event;
-
-    private onWillActivateFileSystemProviderEmitter = new Emitter<FileSystemProviderActivationEvent>();
-    /**
-     * See `FileServiceContribution.registerProviders`.
-     */
-    readonly onWillActivateFileSystemProvider = this.onWillActivateFileSystemProviderEmitter.event;
-
-    private onDidChangeFileSystemProviderCapabilitiesEmitter = new Emitter<FileSystemProviderCapabilitiesChangeEvent>();
-    readonly onDidChangeFileSystemProviderCapabilities = this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderCapabilitiesEmitter.event;
-
-    private onDidChangeFileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessageEmitter = new Emitter<FileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessageChangeEvent>();
-    readonly onDidChangeFileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessage = this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessageEmitter.event;
-
-    private readonly providers = new Map<string, FileSystemProvider>();
-    private readonly activations = new Map<string, Promise<FileSystemProvider>>();
-
-    /**
-     * Registers a new {@link FileSystemProvider} for the given scheme.
-     * @param scheme The (uri) scheme for which the provider should be registered.
-     * @param provider The file system provider that should be registered.
-     *
-     * @returns A `Disposable` that can be invoked to unregister the given provider.
-     */
-    registerProvider(scheme: string, provider: FileSystemProvider): Disposable {
-        if (this.providers.has(scheme)) {
-            throw new Error(`A filesystem provider for the scheme '${scheme}' is already registered.`);
-        }
-
-        this.providers.set(scheme, provider);
-        this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderRegistrationsEmitter.fire({ added: true, scheme, provider });
-
-        const providerDisposables = new DisposableCollection();
-        providerDisposables.push(provider.onDidChangeFile(changes => this.onDidFilesChangeEmitter.fire(new FileChangesEvent(changes))));
-        providerDisposables.push(provider.onFileWatchError(() => this.handleFileWatchError()));
-        providerDisposables.push(provider.onDidChangeCapabilities(() => this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderCapabilitiesEmitter.fire({ provider, scheme })));
-        if (ReadOnlyMessageFileSystemProvider.is(provider)) {
-            providerDisposables.push(provider.onDidChangeReadOnlyMessage(message => this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessageEmitter.fire({ provider, scheme, message })));
-        }
-
-        return Disposable.create(() => {
-            this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderRegistrationsEmitter.fire({ added: false, scheme, provider });
-            this.providers.delete(scheme);
-
-            providerDisposables.dispose();
-        });
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Try to activate the registered provider for the given scheme
-     * @param scheme  The uri scheme for which the responsible provider should be activated.
-     *
-     * @returns A promise of the activated file system provider. Only resolves if a provider is available for this scheme, gets rejected otherwise.
-     */
-    async activateProvider(scheme: string): Promise<FileSystemProvider> {
-        let provider = this.providers.get(scheme);
-        if (provider) {
-            return provider;
-        }
-        let activation = this.activations.get(scheme);
-        if (!activation) {
-            const deferredActivation = new Deferred<FileSystemProvider>();
-            this.activations.set(scheme, activation = deferredActivation.promise);
-            WaitUntilEvent.fire(this.onWillActivateFileSystemProviderEmitter, { scheme }).then(() => {
-                provider = this.providers.get(scheme);
-                if (!provider) {
-                    const error = new Error();
-                    error.name = 'ENOPRO';
-                    error.message = `No file system provider found for scheme ${scheme}`;
-                    throw error;
-                } else {
-                    deferredActivation.resolve(provider);
-                }
-            }).catch(e => deferredActivation.reject(e));
-        }
-        return activation;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Tests if the service (i.e. any of its registered {@link FileSystemProvider}s) can handle the given resource.
-     * @param resource `URI` of the resource to test.
-     *
-     * @returns `true` if the resource can be handled, `false` otherwise.
-     */
-    canHandleResource(resource: URI): boolean {
-        return this.providers.has(resource.scheme);
-    }
-
-    getReadOnlyMessage(resource: URI): MarkdownString | undefined {
-        const provider = this.providers.get(resource.scheme);
-        if (ReadOnlyMessageFileSystemProvider.is(provider)) {
-            return provider.readOnlyMessage;
-        }
-        return undefined;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Tests if the service (i.e the {@link FileSystemProvider} registered for the given uri scheme) provides the given capability.
-     * @param resource `URI` of the resource to test.
-     * @param capability The required capability.
-     *
-     * @returns `true` if the resource can be handled and the required capability can be provided.
-     */
-    hasCapability(resource: URI, capability: FileSystemProviderCapabilities): boolean {
-        const provider = this.providers.get(resource.scheme);
-
-        return !!(provider && (provider.capabilities & capability));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * List the schemes and capabilities for registered file system providers
-     */
-    listCapabilities(): { scheme: string; capabilities: FileSystemProviderCapabilities }[] {
-        return Array.from(this.providers.entries()).map(([scheme, provider]) => ({
-            scheme,
-            capabilities: provider.capabilities
-        }));
-    }
-
-    protected async withProvider(resource: URI): Promise<FileSystemProvider> {
-        // Assert path is absolute
-        if (!resource.path.isAbsolute) {
-            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to resolve filesystem provider with relative file path '{0}'", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_INVALID_PATH);
-        }
-
-        return this.activateProvider(resource.scheme);
-    }
-
-    private async withReadProvider(resource: URI): Promise<FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability | FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability> {
-        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
-
-        if (hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(provider) || hasReadWriteCapability(provider)) {
-            return provider;
-        }
-
-        throw new Error(`Filesystem provider for scheme '${resource.scheme}' neither has FileReadWrite, FileReadStream nor FileOpenReadWriteClose capability which is needed for the read operation.`);
-    }
-
-    private async withWriteProvider(resource: URI): Promise<FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability | FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability> {
-        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
-        if (hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(provider) || hasReadWriteCapability(provider)) {
-            return provider;
-        }
-
-        throw new Error(`Filesystem provider for scheme '${resource.scheme}' neither has FileReadWrite nor FileOpenReadWriteClose capability which is needed for the write operation.`);
-    }
-
-    // #endregion
-
-    private onDidRunOperationEmitter = new Emitter<FileOperationEvent>();
-    /**
-     * An event that is emitted when operation is finished.
-     * This event is triggered by user gestures and programmatically.
-     */
-    readonly onDidRunOperation = this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.event;
-
-    /**
-     * Try to resolve file information and metadata for the given resource.
-     * @param resource `URI` of the resource that should be resolved.
-     * @param options  Options to customize the resolvement process.
-     *
-     * @return A promise that resolves if the resource could be successfully resolved.
-     */
-    resolve(resource: URI, options: ResolveMetadataFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata>;
-    resolve(resource: URI, options?: ResolveFileOptions | undefined): Promise<FileStat>;
-    async resolve(resource: any, options?: any) {
-        try {
-            return await this.doResolveFile(resource, options);
-        } catch (error) {
-
-            // Specially handle file not found case as file operation result
-            if (toFileSystemProviderErrorCode(error) === FileSystemProviderErrorCode.FileNotFound) {
-                throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to resolve nonexistent file '{0}'", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_NOT_FOUND);
-            }
-
-            // Bubble up any other error as is
-            throw ensureFileSystemProviderError(error);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private async doResolveFile(resource: URI, options: ResolveMetadataFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata>;
-    private async doResolveFile(resource: URI, options?: ResolveFileOptions): Promise<FileStat>;
-    private async doResolveFile(resource: URI, options?: ResolveFileOptions): Promise<FileStat> {
-        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
-
-        const resolveTo = options?.resolveTo;
-        const resolveSingleChildDescendants = options?.resolveSingleChildDescendants;
-        const resolveMetadata = options?.resolveMetadata;
-
-        const stat = await provider.stat(resource);
-
-        let trie: TernarySearchTree<URI, boolean> | undefined;
-
-        return this.toFileStat(provider, resource, stat, undefined, !!resolveMetadata, (stat, siblings) => {
-
-            // lazy trie to check for recursive resolving
-            if (!trie) {
-                trie = TernarySearchTree.forUris<true>(!!(provider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.PathCaseSensitive));
-                trie.set(resource, true);
-                if (Array.isArray(resolveTo) && resolveTo.length) {
-                    resolveTo.forEach(uri => trie!.set(uri, true));
-                }
-            }
-
-            // check for recursive resolving
-            if (Boolean(trie.findSuperstr(stat.resource) || trie.get(stat.resource))) {
-                return true;
-            }
-
-            // check for resolving single child folders
-            if (stat.isDirectory && resolveSingleChildDescendants) {
-                return siblings === 1;
-            }
-
-            return false;
-        });
-    }
-
-    private async toFileStat(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, stat: Stat | { type: FileType } & Partial<Stat>, siblings: number | undefined, resolveMetadata: boolean, recurse: (stat: FileStat, siblings?: number) => boolean): Promise<FileStat>;
-    private async toFileStat(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, stat: Stat, siblings: number | undefined, resolveMetadata: true, recurse: (stat: FileStat, siblings?: number) => boolean): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata>;
-    private async toFileStat(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, stat: Stat | { type: FileType } & Partial<Stat>, siblings: number | undefined, resolveMetadata: boolean, recurse: (stat: FileStat, siblings?: number) => boolean): Promise<FileStat> {
-        const fileStat = FileStat.fromStat(resource, stat);
-
-        // check to recurse for directories
-        if (fileStat.isDirectory && recurse(fileStat, siblings)) {
-            try {
-                const entries = await provider.readdir(resource);
-                const resolvedEntries = await Promise.all(entries.map(async ([name, type]) => {
-                    try {
-                        const childResource = resource.resolve(name);
-                        const childStat = resolveMetadata ? await provider.stat(childResource) : { type };
-
-                        return await this.toFileStat(provider, childResource, childStat, entries.length, resolveMetadata, recurse);
-                    } catch (error) {
-                        console.trace(error);
-
-                        return null; // can happen e.g. due to permission errors
-                    }
-                }));
-
-                // make sure to get rid of null values that signal a failure to resolve a particular entry
-                fileStat.children = resolvedEntries.filter(e => !!e) as FileStat[];
-            } catch (error) {
-                console.trace(error);
-
-                fileStat.children = []; // gracefully handle errors, we may not have permissions to read
-            }
-
-            return fileStat;
-        }
-
-        return fileStat;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Try to resolve file information and metadata for all given resource.
-     * @param toResolve An array of all the resources (and corresponding resolvement options) that should be resolved.
-     *
-     * @returns A promise of all resolved resources. The promise is not rejected if any of the given resources cannot be resolved.
-     * Instead this is reflected with the `success` flag of the corresponding {@link ResolveFileResult}.
-     */
-    async resolveAll(toResolve: { resource: URI, options?: ResolveFileOptions }[]): Promise<ResolveFileResult[]>;
-    async resolveAll(toResolve: { resource: URI, options: ResolveMetadataFileOptions }[]): Promise<ResolveFileResultWithMetadata[]>;
-    async resolveAll(toResolve: { resource: URI; options?: ResolveFileOptions; }[]): Promise<ResolveFileResult[]> {
-        return Promise.all(toResolve.map(async entry => {
-            try {
-                return { stat: await this.doResolveFile(entry.resource, entry.options), success: true };
-            } catch (error) {
-                console.trace(error);
-
-                return { stat: undefined, success: false };
-            }
-        }));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Tests if the given resource exists in the filesystem.
-     * @param resource `URI` of the resource which should be tested.
-     * @throws Will throw an error if no {@link FileSystemProvider} is registered for the given resource.
-     *
-     * @returns A promise that resolves to `true` if the resource exists.
-     */
-    async exists(resource: URI): Promise<boolean> {
-        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
-
-        try {
-            const stat = await provider.stat(resource);
-
-            return !!stat;
-        } catch (error) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Tests a user's permissions for the given resource.
-     * @param resource `URI` of the resource which should be tested.
-     * @param mode An optional integer that specifies the accessibility checks to be performed.
-     *      Check `FileAccess.Constants` for possible values of mode.
-     *      It is possible to create a mask consisting of the bitwise `OR` of two or more values (e.g. FileAccess.Constants.W_OK | FileAccess.Constants.R_OK).
-     *      If `mode` is not defined, `FileAccess.Constants.F_OK` will be used instead.
-     */
-    async access(resource: URI, mode?: number): Promise<boolean> {
-        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
-
-        if (!hasAccessCapability(provider)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        try {
-            await provider.access(resource, mode);
-            return true;
-        } catch (error) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Resolves the fs path of the given URI.
-     *
-     * USE WITH CAUTION: You should always prefer URIs to paths if possible, as they are
-     * portable and platform independent. Paths should only be used in cases you directly
-     * interact with the OS, e.g. when running a command on the shell.
-     *
-     * If you need to display human readable simple or long names then use `LabelProvider` instead.
-     * @param resource `URI` of the resource that should be resolved.
-     * @throws Will throw an error if no {@link FileSystemProvider} is registered for the given resource.
-     *
-     * @returns A promise of the resolved fs path.
-     */
-    async fsPath(resource: URI): Promise<string> {
-        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
-
-        if (!hasAccessCapability(provider)) {
-            return resource.path.toString();
-        }
-        return provider.fsPath(resource);
-    }
-
-    // #region Text File Reading/Writing
-
-    async create(resource: URI, value?: string | Readable<string>, options?: CreateTextFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
-        if (options?.fromUserGesture === false) {
-            return this.doCreate(resource, value, options);
-        }
-        await this.runFileOperationParticipants(resource, undefined, FileOperation.CREATE);
-
-        const event = { correlationId: this.correlationIds++, operation: FileOperation.CREATE, target: resource };
-        await this.onWillRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-
-        let stat: FileStatWithMetadata;
-        try {
-            stat = await this.doCreate(resource, value, options);
-        } catch (error) {
-            await this.onDidFailUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-            throw error;
-        }
-
-        await this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-
-        return stat;
-    }
-
-    protected async doCreate(resource: URI, value?: string | Readable<string>, options?: CreateTextFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
-        const encoding = await this.getWriteEncoding(resource, options);
-        const encoded = await this.encodingService.encodeStream(value, encoding);
-        return this.createFile(resource, encoded, options);
-    }
-
-    async write(resource: URI, value: string | Readable<string>, options?: WriteTextFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata & { encoding: string }> {
-        const encoding = await this.getWriteEncoding(resource, options);
-        const encoded = await this.encodingService.encodeStream(value, encoding);
-        return Object.assign(await this.writeFile(resource, encoded, options), { encoding: encoding.encoding });
-    }
-
-    async read(resource: URI, options?: ReadTextFileOptions): Promise<TextFileContent> {
-        const [bufferStream, decoder] = await this.doRead(resource, {
-            ...options,
-            preferUnbuffered: this.shouldReadUnbuffered(options)
-        });
-
-        return {
-            ...bufferStream,
-            encoding: decoder.detected.encoding || UTF8,
-            value: await consumeStream(decoder.stream, strings => strings.join(''))
-        };
-    }
-
-    async readStream(resource: URI, options?: ReadTextFileOptions): Promise<TextFileStreamContent> {
-        const [bufferStream, decoder] = await this.doRead(resource, options);
-
-        return {
-            ...bufferStream,
-            encoding: decoder.detected.encoding || UTF8,
-            value: decoder.stream
-        };
-    }
-
-    private async doRead(resource: URI, options?: ReadTextFileOptions & { preferUnbuffered?: boolean }): Promise<[FileStreamContent, DecodeStreamResult]> {
-        options = this.resolveReadOptions(options);
-
-        // read stream raw (either buffered or unbuffered)
-        let bufferStream: FileStreamContent;
-        if (options?.preferUnbuffered) {
-            const content = await this.readFile(resource, options);
-            bufferStream = {
-                ...content,
-                value: BinaryBufferReadableStream.fromBuffer(content.value)
-            };
-        } else {
-            bufferStream = await this.readFileStream(resource, options);
-        }
-
-        const decoder = await this.encodingService.decodeStream(bufferStream.value, {
-            guessEncoding: options.autoGuessEncoding,
-            overwriteEncoding: detectedEncoding => this.getReadEncoding(resource, options, detectedEncoding)
-        });
-
-        // validate binary
-        if (options?.acceptTextOnly && decoder.detected.seemsBinary) {
-            throw new TextFileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault('File seems to be binary and cannot be opened as text'), TextFileOperationResult.FILE_IS_BINARY, options);
-        }
-
-        return [bufferStream, decoder];
-    }
-
-    protected resolveReadOptions(options?: ReadTextFileOptions): ReadTextFileOptions {
-        options = {
-            ...options,
-            autoGuessEncoding: typeof options?.autoGuessEncoding === 'boolean' ? options.autoGuessEncoding : this.preferences['files.autoGuessEncoding']
-        };
-        const limits: Mutable<ReadTextFileOptions['limits']> = options.limits = options.limits || {};
-        if (typeof limits.size !== 'number') {
-            limits.size = this.preferences['files.maxFileSizeMB'] * 1024 * 1024;
-        }
-        return options;
-    }
-
-    async update(resource: URI, changes: TextDocumentContentChangeEvent[], options: UpdateTextFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata & { encoding: string }> {
-        const provider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withWriteProvider(resource), resource);
-        try {
-            await this.validateWriteFile(provider, resource, options);
-            if (hasUpdateCapability(provider)) {
-                const encoding = await this.getEncodingForResource(resource, options ? options.encoding : undefined);;
-                const stat = await provider.updateFile(resource, changes, {
-                    readEncoding: options.readEncoding,
-                    writeEncoding: encoding,
-                    overwriteEncoding: options.overwriteEncoding || false
-                });
-                return Object.assign(FileStat.fromStat(resource, stat), { encoding: stat.encoding });
-            } else {
-                throw new Error('incremental file update is not supported');
-            }
-        } catch (error) {
-            this.rethrowAsFileOperationError("Unable to write file '{0}' ({1})", resource, error, options);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // #endregion
-
-    // #region File Reading/Writing
-
-    async createFile(resource: URI, bufferOrReadableOrStream: BinaryBuffer | BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream = BinaryBuffer.fromString(''), options?: CreateFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
-
-        // validate overwrite
-        if (!options?.overwrite && await this.exists(resource)) {
-            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to create file '{0}' that already exists when overwrite flag is not set", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_MODIFIED_SINCE, options);
-        }
-
-        // do write into file (this will create it too)
-        const fileStat = await this.writeFile(resource, bufferOrReadableOrStream);
-
-        // events
-        this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.fire(new FileOperationEvent(resource, FileOperation.CREATE, fileStat));
-
-        return fileStat;
-    }
-
-    async writeFile(resource: URI, bufferOrReadableOrStream: BinaryBuffer | BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream, options?: WriteFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
-        const provider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withWriteProvider(resource), resource);
-
-        try {
-
-            // validate write
-            const stat = await this.validateWriteFile(provider, resource, options);
-
-            // mkdir recursively as needed
-            if (!stat) {
-                await this.mkdirp(provider, resource.parent);
-            }
-
-            // optimization: if the provider has unbuffered write capability and the data
-            // to write is a Readable, we consume up to 3 chunks and try to write the data
-            // unbuffered to reduce the overhead. If the Readable has more data to provide
-            // we continue to write buffered.
-            let bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream: BinaryBuffer | BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream | BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream;
-            if (hasReadWriteCapability(provider) && !(bufferOrReadableOrStream instanceof BinaryBuffer)) {
-                if (isReadableStream(bufferOrReadableOrStream)) {
-                    const bufferedStream = await peekStream(bufferOrReadableOrStream, 3);
-                    if (bufferedStream.ended) {
-                        bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream = BinaryBuffer.concat(bufferedStream.buffer);
-                    } else {
-                        bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream = bufferedStream;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream = peekReadable(bufferOrReadableOrStream, data => BinaryBuffer.concat(data), 3);
-                }
-            } else {
-                bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream = bufferOrReadableOrStream;
-            }
-
-            // write file: unbuffered (only if data to write is a buffer, or the provider has no buffered write capability)
-            if (!hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(provider) || (hasReadWriteCapability(provider) && bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream instanceof BinaryBuffer)) {
-                await this.doWriteUnbuffered(provider, resource, bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
-            }
-
-            // write file: buffered
-            else {
-                await this.doWriteBuffered(provider, resource, bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream instanceof BinaryBuffer ? BinaryBufferReadable.fromBuffer(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream) : bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
-            }
-        } catch (error) {
-            this.rethrowAsFileOperationError("Unable to write file '{0}' ({1})", resource, error, options);
-        }
-
-        return this.resolve(resource, { resolveMetadata: true });
-    }
-
-    private async validateWriteFile(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, options?: WriteFileOptions): Promise<Stat | undefined> {
-        let stat: Stat | undefined = undefined;
-        try {
-            stat = await provider.stat(resource);
-        } catch (error) {
-            return undefined; // file might not exist
-        }
-
-        // file cannot be directory
-        if ((stat.type & FileType.Directory) !== 0) {
-            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to write file '{0}' that is actually a directory", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_IS_DIRECTORY, options);
-        }
-
-        if (this.modifiedSince(stat, options)) {
-            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault('File Modified Since'), FileOperationResult.FILE_MODIFIED_SINCE, options);
-        }
-
-        return stat;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Dirty write prevention: if the file on disk has been changed and does not match our expected
-     * mtime and etag, we bail out to prevent dirty writing.
-     *
-     * First, we check for a mtime that is in the future before we do more checks. The assumption is
-     * that only the mtime is an indicator for a file that has changed on disk.
-     *
-     * Second, if the mtime has advanced, we compare the size of the file on disk with our previous
-     * one using the etag() function. Relying only on the mtime check has proven to produce false
-     * positives due to file system weirdness (especially around remote file systems). As such, the
-     * check for size is a weaker check because it can return a false negative if the file has changed
-     * but to the same length. This is a compromise we take to avoid having to produce checksums of
-     * the file content for comparison which would be much slower to compute.
-     */
-    protected modifiedSince(stat: Stat, options?: WriteFileOptions): boolean {
-        return !!options && typeof options.mtime === 'number' && typeof options.etag === 'string' && options.etag !== ETAG_DISABLED &&
-            typeof stat.mtime === 'number' && typeof stat.size === 'number' &&
-            options.mtime < stat.mtime && options.etag !== etag({ mtime: options.mtime /* not using stat.mtime for a reason, see above */, size: stat.size });
-    }
-
-    protected shouldReadUnbuffered(options?: ReadFileOptions): boolean {
-        // optimization: since we know that the caller does not
-        // care about buffering, we indicate this to the reader.
-        // this reduces all the overhead the buffered reading
-        // has (open, read, close) if the provider supports
-        // unbuffered reading.
-        //
-        // However, if we read only part of the file we still
-        // want buffered reading as otherwise we need to read
-        // the whole file and cut out the specified part later.
-        return options?.position === undefined && options?.length === undefined;
-    }
-
-    async readFile(resource: URI, options?: ReadFileOptions): Promise<FileContent> {
-        const provider = await this.withReadProvider(resource);
-
-        const stream = await this.doReadAsFileStream(provider, resource, {
-            ...options,
-            preferUnbuffered: this.shouldReadUnbuffered(options)
-        });
-
-        return {
-            ...stream,
-            value: await BinaryBufferReadableStream.toBuffer(stream.value)
-        };
-    }
-
-    async readFileStream(resource: URI, options?: ReadFileOptions): Promise<FileStreamContent> {
-        const provider = await this.withReadProvider(resource);
-
-        return this.doReadAsFileStream(provider, resource, options);
-    }
-
-    private async doReadAsFileStream(provider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability | FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, resource: URI, options?: ReadFileOptions & { preferUnbuffered?: boolean }): Promise<FileStreamContent> {
-
-        // install a cancellation token that gets cancelled
-        // when any error occurs. this allows us to resolve
-        // the content of the file while resolving metadata
-        // but still cancel the operation in certain cases.
-        const cancellableSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
-
-        // validate read operation
-        const statPromise = this.validateReadFile(resource, options).then(stat => stat, error => {
-            cancellableSource.cancel();
-
-            throw error;
-        });
-
-        try {
-
-            // if the etag is provided, we await the result of the validation
-            // due to the likelyhood of hitting a NOT_MODIFIED_SINCE result.
-            // otherwise, we let it run in parallel to the file reading for
-            // optimal startup performance.
-            if (options && typeof options.etag === 'string' && options.etag !== ETAG_DISABLED) {
-                await statPromise;
-            }
-
-            let fileStreamPromise: Promise<BinaryBufferReadableStream>;
-
-            // read unbuffered (only if either preferred, or the provider has no buffered read capability)
-            if (!(hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(provider) || hasFileReadStreamCapability(provider)) || (hasReadWriteCapability(provider) && options?.preferUnbuffered)) {
-                fileStreamPromise = this.readFileUnbuffered(provider, resource, options);
-            }
-
-            // read streamed (always prefer over primitive buffered read)
-            else if (hasFileReadStreamCapability(provider)) {
-                fileStreamPromise = Promise.resolve(this.readFileStreamed(provider, resource, cancellableSource.token, options));
-            }
-
-            // read buffered
-            else {
-                fileStreamPromise = Promise.resolve(this.readFileBuffered(provider, resource, cancellableSource.token, options));
-            }
-
-            const [fileStat, fileStream] = await Promise.all([statPromise, fileStreamPromise]);
-
-            return {
-                ...fileStat,
-                value: fileStream
-            };
-        } catch (error) {
-            this.rethrowAsFileOperationError("Unable to read file '{0}' ({1})", resource, error, options);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private readFileStreamed(provider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadStreamCapability, resource: URI, token: CancellationToken, options: ReadFileOptions = Object.create(null)): BinaryBufferReadableStream {
-        const fileStream = provider.readFileStream(resource, options, token);
-
-        return transform(fileStream, {
-            data: data => data instanceof BinaryBuffer ? data : BinaryBuffer.wrap(data),
-            error: error => this.asFileOperationError("Unable to read file '{0}' ({1})", resource, error, options)
-        }, data => BinaryBuffer.concat(data));
-    }
-
-    private readFileBuffered(provider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, resource: URI, token: CancellationToken, options: ReadFileOptions = Object.create(null)): BinaryBufferReadableStream {
-        const stream = BinaryBufferWriteableStream.create();
-
-        readFileIntoStream(provider, resource, stream, data => data, {
-            ...options,
-            bufferSize: this.BUFFER_SIZE,
-            errorTransformer: error => this.asFileOperationError("Unable to read file '{0}' ({1})", resource, error, options)
-        }, token);
-
-        return stream;
-    }
-
-    protected rethrowAsFileOperationError(message: string, resource: URI, error: Error, options?: ReadFileOptions & WriteFileOptions & CreateFileOptions): never {
-        throw this.asFileOperationError(message, resource, error, options);
-    }
-    protected asFileOperationError(message: string, resource: URI, error: Error, options?: ReadFileOptions & WriteFileOptions & CreateFileOptions): FileOperationError {
-        const fileOperationError = new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault(message, this.resourceForError(resource), ensureFileSystemProviderError(error).toString()),
-            toFileOperationResult(error), options);
-        fileOperationError.stack = `${fileOperationError.stack}\nCaused by: ${error.stack}`;
-        return fileOperationError;
-    }
-
-    private async readFileUnbuffered(provider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, resource: URI, options?: ReadFileOptions): Promise<BinaryBufferReadableStream> {
-        let buffer = await provider.readFile(resource);
-
-        // respect position option
-        if (options && typeof options.position === 'number') {
-            buffer = buffer.slice(options.position);
-        }
-
-        // respect length option
-        if (options && typeof options.length === 'number') {
-            buffer = buffer.slice(0, options.length);
-        }
-
-        // Throw if file is too large to load
-        this.validateReadFileLimits(resource, buffer.byteLength, options);
-
-        return BinaryBufferReadableStream.fromBuffer(BinaryBuffer.wrap(buffer));
-    }
-
-    private async validateReadFile(resource: URI, options?: ReadFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
-        const stat = await this.resolve(resource, { resolveMetadata: true });
-
-        // Throw if resource is a directory
-        if (stat.isDirectory) {
-            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to read file '{0}' that is actually a directory", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_IS_DIRECTORY, options);
-        }
-
-        // Throw if file not modified since (unless disabled)
-        if (options && typeof options.etag === 'string' && options.etag !== ETAG_DISABLED && options.etag === stat.etag) {
-            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault('File not modified since'), FileOperationResult.FILE_NOT_MODIFIED_SINCE, options);
-        }
-
-        // Throw if file is too large to load
-        this.validateReadFileLimits(resource, stat.size, options);
-
-        return stat;
-    }
-
-    private validateReadFileLimits(resource: URI, size: number, options?: ReadFileOptions): void {
-        if (options?.limits) {
-            let tooLargeErrorResult: FileOperationResult | undefined = undefined;
-
-            if (typeof options.limits.memory === 'number' && size > options.limits.memory) {
-                tooLargeErrorResult = FileOperationResult.FILE_EXCEEDS_MEMORY_LIMIT;
-            }
-
-            if (typeof options.limits.size === 'number' && size > options.limits.size) {
-                tooLargeErrorResult = FileOperationResult.FILE_TOO_LARGE;
-            }
-
-            if (typeof tooLargeErrorResult === 'number') {
-                throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to read file '{0}' that is too large to open", this.resourceForError(resource)), tooLargeErrorResult);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // #endregion
-
-    // #region Move/Copy/Delete/Create Folder
-
-    async move(source: URI, target: URI, options?: MoveFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
-        if (options?.fromUserGesture === false) {
-            return this.doMove(source, target, options.overwrite);
-        }
-        await this.runFileOperationParticipants(target, source, FileOperation.MOVE);
-
-        const event = { correlationId: this.correlationIds++, operation: FileOperation.MOVE, target, source };
-        await this.onWillRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-        let stat: FileStatWithMetadata;
-        try {
-            stat = await this.doMove(source, target, options?.overwrite);
-        } catch (error) {
-            await this.onDidFailUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-            throw error;
-        }
-
-        await this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-        return stat;
-    }
-
-    protected async doMove(source: URI, target: URI, overwrite?: boolean): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
-        const sourceProvider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withWriteProvider(source), source);
-        const targetProvider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withWriteProvider(target), target);
-
-        // move
-        const mode = await this.doMoveCopy(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target, 'move', !!overwrite);
-
-        // resolve and send events
-        const fileStat = await this.resolve(target, { resolveMetadata: true });
-        this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.fire(new FileOperationEvent(source, mode === 'move' ? FileOperation.MOVE : FileOperation.COPY, fileStat));
-
-        return fileStat;
-    }
-
-    async copy(source: URI, target: URI, options?: CopyFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
-        if (options?.fromUserGesture === false) {
-            return this.doCopy(source, target, options.overwrite);
-        }
-        await this.runFileOperationParticipants(target, source, FileOperation.COPY);
-
-        const event = { correlationId: this.correlationIds++, operation: FileOperation.COPY, target, source };
-        await this.onWillRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-        let stat: FileStatWithMetadata;
-        try {
-            stat = await this.doCopy(source, target, options?.overwrite);
-        } catch (error) {
-            await this.onDidFailUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-            throw error;
-        }
-
-        await this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-        return stat;
-    }
-
-    protected async doCopy(source: URI, target: URI, overwrite?: boolean): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
-        const sourceProvider = await this.withReadProvider(source);
-        const targetProvider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withWriteProvider(target), target);
-
-        // copy
-        const mode = await this.doMoveCopy(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target, 'copy', !!overwrite);
-
-        // resolve and send events
-        const fileStat = await this.resolve(target, { resolveMetadata: true });
-        this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.fire(new FileOperationEvent(source, mode === 'copy' ? FileOperation.COPY : FileOperation.MOVE, fileStat));
-
-        return fileStat;
-    }
-
-    private async doMoveCopy(sourceProvider: FileSystemProvider, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProvider, target: URI, mode: 'move' | 'copy', overwrite: boolean): Promise<'move' | 'copy'> {
-        if (source.toString() === target.toString()) {
-            return mode; // simulate node.js behaviour here and do a no-op if paths match
-        }
-
-        // validation
-        const { exists, isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase } = await this.doValidateMoveCopy(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target, mode, overwrite);
-
-        // if target exists get valid target
-        if (exists && !overwrite) {
-            const parent = await this.resolve(target.parent);
-            const targetFileStat = await this.resolve(target);
-            target = FileSystemUtils.generateUniqueResourceURI(parent, target, targetFileStat.isDirectory, isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase ? 'copy' : undefined);
-        }
-
-        // delete as needed (unless target is same resource with different path case)
-        if (exists && !isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase && overwrite) {
-            await this.delete(target, { recursive: true });
-        }
-
-        // create parent folders
-        await this.mkdirp(targetProvider, target.parent);
-
-        // copy source => target
-        if (mode === 'copy') {
-
-            // same provider with fast copy: leverage copy() functionality
-            if (sourceProvider === targetProvider && hasFileFolderCopyCapability(sourceProvider)) {
-                await sourceProvider.copy(source, target, { overwrite });
-            }
-
-            // when copying via buffer/unbuffered, we have to manually
-            // traverse the source if it is a folder and not a file
-            else {
-                const sourceFile = await this.resolve(source);
-                if (sourceFile.isDirectory) {
-                    await this.doCopyFolder(sourceProvider, sourceFile, targetProvider, target);
-                } else {
-                    await this.doCopyFile(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target);
-                }
-            }
-
-            return mode;
-        }
-
-        // move source => target
-        else {
-
-            // same provider: leverage rename() functionality
-            if (sourceProvider === targetProvider) {
-                await sourceProvider.rename(source, target, { overwrite });
-
-                return mode;
-            }
-
-            // across providers: copy to target & delete at source
-            else {
-                await this.doMoveCopy(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target, 'copy', overwrite);
-
-                await this.delete(source, { recursive: true });
-
-                return 'copy';
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private async doCopyFile(sourceProvider: FileSystemProvider, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProvider, target: URI): Promise<void> {
-
-        // copy: source (buffered) => target (buffered)
-        if (hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(sourceProvider) && hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(targetProvider)) {
-            return this.doPipeBuffered(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target);
-        }
-
-        // copy: source (buffered) => target (unbuffered)
-        if (hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(sourceProvider) && hasReadWriteCapability(targetProvider)) {
-            return this.doPipeBufferedToUnbuffered(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target);
-        }
-
-        // copy: source (unbuffered) => target (buffered)
-        if (hasReadWriteCapability(sourceProvider) && hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(targetProvider)) {
-            return this.doPipeUnbufferedToBuffered(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target);
-        }
-
-        // copy: source (unbuffered) => target (unbuffered)
-        if (hasReadWriteCapability(sourceProvider) && hasReadWriteCapability(targetProvider)) {
-            return this.doPipeUnbuffered(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private async doCopyFolder(sourceProvider: FileSystemProvider, sourceFolder: FileStat, targetProvider: FileSystemProvider, targetFolder: URI): Promise<void> {
-
-        // create folder in target
-        await targetProvider.mkdir(targetFolder);
-
-        // create children in target
-        if (Array.isArray(sourceFolder.children)) {
-            await Promise.all(sourceFolder.children.map(async sourceChild => {
-                const targetChild = targetFolder.resolve(sourceChild.name);
-                if (sourceChild.isDirectory) {
-                    return this.doCopyFolder(sourceProvider, await this.resolve(sourceChild.resource), targetProvider, targetChild);
-                } else {
-                    return this.doCopyFile(sourceProvider, sourceChild.resource, targetProvider, targetChild);
-                }
-            }));
-        }
-    }
-
-    private async doValidateMoveCopy(sourceProvider: FileSystemProvider, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProvider, target: URI, mode: 'move' | 'copy', overwrite?: boolean): Promise<{ exists: boolean, isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase: boolean }> {
-        let isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase = false;
-
-        // Check if source is equal or parent to target (requires providers to be the same)
-        if (sourceProvider === targetProvider) {
-            const isPathCaseSensitive = !!(sourceProvider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.PathCaseSensitive);
-            if (!isPathCaseSensitive) {
-                isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase = source.toString().toLowerCase() === target.toString().toLowerCase();
-            }
-
-            if (isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase && mode === 'copy') {
-                throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to move/copy when source '{0}' is parent of target '{1}'.", this.resourceForError(source), this.resourceForError(target)));
-            }
-
-            if (!isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase && target.isEqualOrParent(source, isPathCaseSensitive)) {
-                throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to move/copy when source '{0}' is parent of target '{1}'.", this.resourceForError(source), this.resourceForError(target)));
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Extra checks if target exists and this is not a rename
-        const exists = await this.exists(target);
-        if (exists && !isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase) {
-
-            // Special case: if the target is a parent of the source, we cannot delete
-            // it as it would delete the source as well. In this case we have to throw
-            if (sourceProvider === targetProvider) {
-                const isPathCaseSensitive = !!(sourceProvider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.PathCaseSensitive);
-                if (source.isEqualOrParent(target, isPathCaseSensitive)) {
-                    throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to move/copy '{0}' into '{1}' since a file would replace the folder it is contained in.", this.resourceForError(source), this.resourceForError(target)));
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        return { exists, isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase };
-    }
-
-    async createFolder(resource: URI, options: FileOperationOptions = {}): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
-        const {
-            fromUserGesture = true,
-        } = options;
-
-        const provider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withProvider(resource), resource);
-
-        // mkdir recursively
-        await this.mkdirp(provider, resource);
-
-        // events
-        const fileStat = await this.resolve(resource, { resolveMetadata: true });
-
-        if (fromUserGesture) {
-            this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.fire({ correlationId: this.correlationIds++, operation: FileOperation.CREATE, target: resource });
-        } else {
-            this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.fire(new FileOperationEvent(resource, FileOperation.CREATE, fileStat));
-        }
-
-        return fileStat;
-    }
-
-    private async mkdirp(provider: FileSystemProvider, directory: URI): Promise<void> {
-        const directoriesToCreate: string[] = [];
-
-        // mkdir until we reach root
-        while (!directory.path.isRoot) {
-            try {
-                const stat = await provider.stat(directory);
-                if ((stat.type & FileType.Directory) === 0) {
-                    throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to create folder '{0}' that already exists but is not a directory", this.resourceForError(directory)));
-                }
-
-                break; // we have hit a directory that exists -> good
-            } catch (error) {
-
-                // Bubble up any other error that is not file not found
-                if (toFileSystemProviderErrorCode(error) !== FileSystemProviderErrorCode.FileNotFound) {
-                    throw error;
-                }
-
-                // Upon error, remember directories that need to be created
-                directoriesToCreate.push(directory.path.base);
-
-                // Continue up
-                directory = directory.parent;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Create directories as needed
-        for (let i = directoriesToCreate.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            directory = directory.resolve(directoriesToCreate[i]);
-
-            try {
-                await provider.mkdir(directory);
-            } catch (error) {
-                if (toFileSystemProviderErrorCode(error) !== FileSystemProviderErrorCode.FileExists) {
-                    // For mkdirp() we tolerate that the mkdir() call fails
-                    // in case the folder already exists. This follows node.js
-                    // own implementation of fs.mkdir({ recursive: true }) and
-                    // reduces the chances of race conditions leading to errors
-                    // if multiple calls try to create the same folders
-                    // As such, we only throw an error here if it is other than
-                    // the fact that the file already exists.
-                    // (see also https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/89834)
-                    throw error;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    async delete(resource: URI, options?: FileOperationOptions & Partial<FileDeleteOptions>): Promise<void> {
-        if (options?.fromUserGesture === false) {
-            return this.doDelete(resource, options);
-        }
-        await this.runFileOperationParticipants(resource, undefined, FileOperation.DELETE);
-
-        const event = { correlationId: this.correlationIds++, operation: FileOperation.DELETE, target: resource };
-        await this.onWillRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-        try {
-            await this.doDelete(resource, options);
-        } catch (error) {
-            await this.onDidFailUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-            throw error;
-        }
-
-        await this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
-    }
-
-    protected async doDelete(resource: URI, options?: Partial<FileDeleteOptions>): Promise<void> {
-        const provider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withProvider(resource), resource);
-
-        // Validate trash support
-        const useTrash = !!options?.useTrash;
-        if (useTrash && !(provider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.Trash)) {
-            throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to delete file '{0}' via trash because provider does not support it.", this.resourceForError(resource)));
-        }
-
-        // Validate delete
-        const exists = await this.exists(resource);
-        if (!exists) {
-            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to delete nonexistent file '{0}'", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_NOT_FOUND);
-        }
-
-        // Validate recursive
-        const recursive = !!options?.recursive;
-        if (!recursive && exists) {
-            const stat = await this.resolve(resource);
-            if (stat.isDirectory && Array.isArray(stat.children) && stat.children.length > 0) {
-                throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to delete non-empty folder '{0}'.", this.resourceForError(resource)));
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Delete through provider
-        await provider.delete(resource, { recursive, useTrash });
-
-        // Events
-        this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.fire(new FileOperationEvent(resource, FileOperation.DELETE));
-    }
-
-    // #endregion
-
-    // #region File Watching
-
-    private onDidFilesChangeEmitter = new Emitter<FileChangesEvent>();
-    /**
-     * An event that is emitted when files are changed on the disk.
-     */
-    get onDidFilesChange(): Event<FileChangesEvent> {
-        return this.onDidFilesChangeEmitter.event;
-    }
-
-    private activeWatchers = new Map<string, { disposable: Disposable, count: number }>();
-
-    watch(resource: URI, options: WatchOptions = { recursive: false, excludes: [] }): Disposable {
-        const resolvedOptions: WatchOptions = {
-            ...options,
-            // always ignore temporary upload files
-            excludes: options.excludes.concat('**/theia_upload_*')
-        };
-
-        let watchDisposed = false;
-        let watchDisposable = Disposable.create(() => watchDisposed = true);
-
-        // Watch and wire in disposable which is async but
-        // check if we got disposed meanwhile and forward
-        this.doWatch(resource, resolvedOptions).then(disposable => {
-            if (watchDisposed) {
-                disposable.dispose();
-            } else {
-                watchDisposable = disposable;
-            }
-        }, error => console.error(error));
-
-        return Disposable.create(() => watchDisposable.dispose());
-    }
-
-    async doWatch(resource: URI, options: WatchOptions): Promise<Disposable> {
-        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
-        const key = this.toWatchKey(provider, resource, options);
-
-        // Only start watching if we are the first for the given key
-        const watcher = this.activeWatchers.get(key) || { count: 0, disposable: provider.watch(resource, options) };
-        if (!this.activeWatchers.has(key)) {
-            this.activeWatchers.set(key, watcher);
-        }
-
-        // Increment usage counter
-        watcher.count += 1;
-
-        return Disposable.create(() => {
-
-            // Unref
-            watcher.count--;
-
-            // Dispose only when last user is reached
-            if (watcher.count === 0) {
-                watcher.disposable.dispose();
-                this.activeWatchers.delete(key);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    private toWatchKey(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, options: WatchOptions): string {
-        return [
-            this.toMapKey(provider, resource),  // lowercase path if the provider is case insensitive
-            String(options.recursive),          // use recursive: true | false as part of the key
-            options.excludes.join()             // use excludes as part of the key
-        ].join();
-    }
-
-    // #endregion
-
-    // #region Helpers
-
-    private writeQueues: Map<string, Promise<void>> = new Map();
-
-    private ensureWriteQueue(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, task: () => Promise<void>): Promise<void> {
-        // ensure to never write to the same resource without finishing
-        // the one write. this ensures a write finishes consistently
-        // (even with error) before another write is done.
-        const queueKey = this.toMapKey(provider, resource);
-        const writeQueue = (this.writeQueues.get(queueKey) || Promise.resolve()).then(task, task);
-        this.writeQueues.set(queueKey, writeQueue);
-        return writeQueue;
-    }
-
-    private toMapKey(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI): string {
-        const isPathCaseSensitive = !!(provider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.PathCaseSensitive);
-
-        return isPathCaseSensitive ? resource.toString() : resource.toString().toLowerCase();
-    }
-
-    private async doWriteBuffered(provider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, resource: URI, readableOrStreamOrBufferedStream: BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream | BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream): Promise<void> {
-        return this.ensureWriteQueue(provider, resource, async () => {
-
-            // open handle
-            const handle = await provider.open(resource, { create: true });
-
-            // write into handle until all bytes from buffer have been written
-            try {
-                if (isReadableStream(readableOrStreamOrBufferedStream) || isReadableBufferedStream(readableOrStreamOrBufferedStream)) {
-                    await this.doWriteStreamBufferedQueued(provider, handle, readableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
-                } else {
-                    await this.doWriteReadableBufferedQueued(provider, handle, readableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
-                }
-            } catch (error) {
-                throw ensureFileSystemProviderError(error);
-            } finally {
-
-                // close handle always
-                await provider.close(handle);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    private async doWriteStreamBufferedQueued(provider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, handle: number, streamOrBufferedStream: BinaryBufferReadableStream | BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream): Promise<void> {
-        let posInFile = 0;
-        let stream: BinaryBufferReadableStream;
-
-        // Buffered stream: consume the buffer first by writing
-        // it to the target before reading from the stream.
-        if (isReadableBufferedStream(streamOrBufferedStream)) {
-            if (streamOrBufferedStream.buffer.length > 0) {
-                const chunk = BinaryBuffer.concat(streamOrBufferedStream.buffer);
-                await this.doWriteBuffer(provider, handle, chunk, chunk.byteLength, posInFile, 0);
-
-                posInFile += chunk.byteLength;
-            }
-
-            // If the stream has been consumed, return early
-            if (streamOrBufferedStream.ended) {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            stream = streamOrBufferedStream.stream;
-        }
-
-        // Unbuffered stream - just take as is
-        else {
-            stream = streamOrBufferedStream;
-        }
-
-        return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
-
-            stream.on('data', async chunk => {
-
-                // pause stream to perform async write operation
-                stream.pause();
-
-                try {
-                    await this.doWriteBuffer(provider, handle, chunk, chunk.byteLength, posInFile, 0);
-                } catch (error) {
-                    return reject(error);
-                }
-
-                posInFile += chunk.byteLength;
-
-                // resume stream now that we have successfully written
-                // run this on the next tick to prevent increasing the
-                // execution stack because resume() may call the event
-                // handler again before finishing.
-                setTimeout(() => stream.resume());
-            });
-
-            stream.on('error', error => reject(error));
-            stream.on('end', () => resolve());
-        });
-    }
-
-    private async doWriteReadableBufferedQueued(provider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, handle: number, readable: BinaryBufferReadable): Promise<void> {
-        let posInFile = 0;
-
-        let chunk: BinaryBuffer | null;
-        while ((chunk = readable.read()) !== null) {
-            await this.doWriteBuffer(provider, handle, chunk, chunk.byteLength, posInFile, 0);
-
-            posInFile += chunk.byteLength;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private async doWriteBuffer(provider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, handle: number, buffer: BinaryBuffer, length: number, posInFile: number, posInBuffer: number): Promise<void> {
-        let totalBytesWritten = 0;
-        while (totalBytesWritten < length) {
-            const bytesWritten = await provider.write(handle, posInFile + totalBytesWritten, buffer.buffer, posInBuffer + totalBytesWritten, length - totalBytesWritten);
-            totalBytesWritten += bytesWritten;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private async doWriteUnbuffered(provider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, resource: URI, bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream: BinaryBuffer | BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream | BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream): Promise<void> {
-        return this.ensureWriteQueue(provider, resource, () => this.doWriteUnbufferedQueued(provider, resource, bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream));
-    }
-
-    private async doWriteUnbufferedQueued(provider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, resource: URI, bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream: BinaryBuffer | BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream | BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream): Promise<void> {
-        let buffer: BinaryBuffer;
-        if (bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream instanceof BinaryBuffer) {
-            buffer = bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream;
-        } else if (isReadableStream(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream)) {
-            buffer = await BinaryBufferReadableStream.toBuffer(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
-        } else if (isReadableBufferedStream(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream)) {
-            buffer = await BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream.toBuffer(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
-        } else {
-            buffer = BinaryBufferReadable.toBuffer(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
-        }
-
-        return provider.writeFile(resource, buffer.buffer, { create: true, overwrite: true });
-    }
-
-    private async doPipeBuffered(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
-        return this.ensureWriteQueue(targetProvider, target, () => this.doPipeBufferedQueued(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target));
-    }
-
-    private async doPipeBufferedQueued(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
-        let sourceHandle: number | undefined = undefined;
-        let targetHandle: number | undefined = undefined;
-
-        try {
-
-            // Open handles
-            sourceHandle = await sourceProvider.open(source, { create: false });
-            targetHandle = await targetProvider.open(target, { create: true });
-
-            const buffer = BinaryBuffer.alloc(this.BUFFER_SIZE);
-
-            let posInFile = 0;
-            let posInBuffer = 0;
-            let bytesRead = 0;
-            do {
-                // read from source (sourceHandle) at current position (posInFile) into buffer (buffer) at
-                // buffer position (posInBuffer) up to the size of the buffer (buffer.byteLength).
-                bytesRead = await sourceProvider.read(sourceHandle, posInFile, buffer.buffer, posInBuffer, buffer.byteLength - posInBuffer);
-
-                // write into target (targetHandle) at current position (posInFile) from buffer (buffer) at
-                // buffer position (posInBuffer) all bytes we read (bytesRead).
-                await this.doWriteBuffer(targetProvider, targetHandle, buffer, bytesRead, posInFile, posInBuffer);
-
-                posInFile += bytesRead;
-                posInBuffer += bytesRead;
-
-                // when buffer full, fill it again from the beginning
-                if (posInBuffer === buffer.byteLength) {
-                    posInBuffer = 0;
-                }
-            } while (bytesRead > 0);
-        } catch (error) {
-            throw ensureFileSystemProviderError(error);
-        } finally {
-            await Promise.all([
-                typeof sourceHandle === 'number' ? sourceProvider.close(sourceHandle) : Promise.resolve(),
-                typeof targetHandle === 'number' ? targetProvider.close(targetHandle) : Promise.resolve(),
-            ]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private async doPipeUnbuffered(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
-        return this.ensureWriteQueue(targetProvider, target, () => this.doPipeUnbufferedQueued(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target));
-    }
-
-    private async doPipeUnbufferedQueued(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
-        return targetProvider.writeFile(target, await sourceProvider.readFile(source), { create: true, overwrite: true });
-    }
-
-    private async doPipeUnbufferedToBuffered(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
-        return this.ensureWriteQueue(targetProvider, target, () => this.doPipeUnbufferedToBufferedQueued(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target));
-    }
-
-    private async doPipeUnbufferedToBufferedQueued(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
-
-        // Open handle
-        const targetHandle = await targetProvider.open(target, { create: true });
-
-        // Read entire buffer from source and write buffered
-        try {
-            const buffer = await sourceProvider.readFile(source);
-            await this.doWriteBuffer(targetProvider, targetHandle, BinaryBuffer.wrap(buffer), buffer.byteLength, 0, 0);
-        } catch (error) {
-            throw ensureFileSystemProviderError(error);
-        } finally {
-            await targetProvider.close(targetHandle);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private async doPipeBufferedToUnbuffered(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
-
-        // Read buffer via stream buffered
-        const buffer = await BinaryBufferReadableStream.toBuffer(this.readFileBuffered(sourceProvider, source, CancellationToken.None));
-
-        // Write buffer into target at once
-        await this.doWriteUnbuffered(targetProvider, target, buffer);
-    }
-
-    protected throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly<T extends FileSystemProvider>(provider: T, resource: URI): T {
-        if (provider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.Readonly) {
-            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to modify read-only file '{0}'", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_PERMISSION_DENIED);
-        }
-
-        return provider;
-    }
-
-    private resourceForError(resource: URI): string {
-        return this.labelProvider.getLongName(resource);
-    }
-
-    // #endregion
-
-    // #region File operation participants
-
-    private readonly participants: FileOperationParticipant[] = [];
-
-    addFileOperationParticipant(participant: FileOperationParticipant): Disposable {
-        this.participants.push(participant);
-
-        return Disposable.create(() => {
-            const index = this.participants.indexOf(participant);
-            if (index > -1) {
-                this.participants.splice(index, 1);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    async runFileOperationParticipants(target: URI, source: URI | undefined, operation: FileOperation): Promise<void> {
-        const participantsTimeout = this.preferences['files.participants.timeout'];
-        if (participantsTimeout <= 0 || this.participants.length === 0) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
-
-        return this.progressService.withProgress(
-            this.progressLabel(operation),
-            'notification',
-            async () => {
-                for (const participant of this.participants) {
-                    if (cancellationTokenSource.token.isCancellationRequested) {
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    try {
-                        const promise = participant.participate(target, source, operation, participantsTimeout, cancellationTokenSource.token);
-                        await Promise.race([
-                            promise,
-                            timeout(participantsTimeout, cancellationTokenSource.token).then(() => cancellationTokenSource.dispose(), () => { /* no-op if cancelled */ })
-                        ]);
-                    } catch (err) {
-                        console.warn(err);
-                    }
-                }
-            },
-            () => {
-                cancellationTokenSource.cancel();
-            });
-    }
-
-    private progressLabel(operation: FileOperation): string {
-        switch (operation) {
-            case FileOperation.CREATE:
-                return nls.localizeByDefault("Running 'File Create' participants...");
-            case FileOperation.MOVE:
-                return nls.localizeByDefault("Running 'File Rename' participants...");
-            case FileOperation.COPY:
-                return nls.localizeByDefault("Running 'File Copy' participants...");
-            case FileOperation.DELETE:
-                return nls.localizeByDefault("Running 'File Delete' participants...");
-        }
-    }
-
-    // #endregion
-
-    // #region encoding
-
-    protected async getWriteEncoding(resource: URI, options?: WriteEncodingOptions): Promise<ResourceEncoding> {
-        const encoding = await this.getEncodingForResource(resource, options ? options.encoding : undefined);
-        return this.encodingService.toResourceEncoding(encoding, {
-            overwriteEncoding: options?.overwriteEncoding,
-            read: async length => {
-                const buffer = await BinaryBufferReadableStream.toBuffer((await this.readFileStream(resource, { length })).value);
-                return buffer.buffer;
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    protected getReadEncoding(resource: URI, options?: ReadEncodingOptions, detectedEncoding?: string): Promise<string> {
-        let preferredEncoding: string | undefined;
-
-        // Encoding passed in as option
-        if (options?.encoding) {
-            if (detectedEncoding === UTF8_with_bom && options.encoding === UTF8) {
-                preferredEncoding = UTF8_with_bom; // indicate the file has BOM if we are to resolve with UTF 8
-            } else {
-                preferredEncoding = options.encoding; // give passed in encoding highest priority
-            }
-        } else if (detectedEncoding) {
-            preferredEncoding = detectedEncoding;
-        }
-
-        return this.getEncodingForResource(resource, preferredEncoding);
-    }
-
-    protected async getEncodingForResource(resource: URI, preferredEncoding?: string): Promise<string> {
-        resource = await this.toUnderlyingResource(resource);
-        return this.encodingRegistry.getEncodingForResource(resource, preferredEncoding);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Converts to an underlying fs provider resource format.
-     *
-     * For example converting `user-storage` resources to `file` resources under a user home:
-     * user-storage:/user/settings.json => file://home/.theia/settings.json
-     */
-    async toUnderlyingResource(resource: URI): Promise<URI> {
-        let provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
-        while (provider instanceof DelegatingFileSystemProvider) {
-            resource = provider.toUnderlyingResource(resource);
-            provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
-        }
-        return resource;
-    }
-
-    // #endregion
-
-    protected handleFileWatchError(): void {
-        this.watcherErrorHandler.handleError();
-    }
-}
+// *****************************************************************************
+// Copyright (C) 2020 TypeFox and others.
+//
+// This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+// terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 which is available at
+// http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+//
+// This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+// Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the Eclipse
+// Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License, version 2
+// with the GNU Classpath Exception which is available at
+// https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0-only WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+// *****************************************************************************
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ *  Licensed under the MIT License. See License.txt in the project root for license information.
+ *--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+// based on https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/04c36be045a94fee58e5f8992d3e3fd980294a84/src/vs/platform/files/common/fileService.ts
+// and https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/04c36be045a94fee58e5f8992d3e3fd980294a84/src/vs/workbench/services/textfile/browser/textFileService.ts
+// and https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/04c36be045a94fee58e5f8992d3e3fd980294a84/src/vs/workbench/services/textfile/electron-browser/nativeTextFileService.ts
+// and https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/04c36be045a94fee58e5f8992d3e3fd980294a84/src/vs/workbench/services/workingCopy/common/workingCopyFileService.ts
+// and https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/04c36be045a94fee58e5f8992d3e3fd980294a84/src/vs/workbench/services/workingCopy/common/workingCopyFileOperationParticipant.ts
+
+/* eslint-disable max-len */
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-shadow */
+/* eslint-disable no-null/no-null */
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/tslint/config */
+/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any */
+
+import { injectable, inject, named, postConstruct } from '@theia/core/shared/inversify';
+import URI from '@theia/core/lib/common/uri';
+import { timeout, Deferred } from '@theia/core/lib/common/promise-util';
+import { CancellationToken, CancellationTokenSource } from '@theia/core/lib/common/cancellation';
+import { Disposable, DisposableCollection } from '@theia/core/lib/common/disposable';
+import { WaitUntilEvent, Emitter, AsyncEmitter, Event } from '@theia/core/lib/common/event';
+import { ContributionProvider } from '@theia/core/lib/common/contribution-provider';
+import { TernarySearchTree } from '@theia/core/lib/common/ternary-search-tree';
+import {
+    ensureFileSystemProviderError, etag, ETAG_DISABLED,
+    FileChangesEvent,
+    FileOperation, FileOperationError,
+    FileOperationEvent, FileOperationResult, FileSystemProviderCapabilities,
+    FileSystemProviderErrorCode, FileType, hasFileFolderCopyCapability, hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, hasReadWriteCapability,
+    CreateFileOptions, FileContent, FileStat, FileStatWithMetadata,
+    FileStreamContent, FileSystemProvider,
+    FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability,
+    ReadFileOptions, ResolveFileOptions, ResolveMetadataFileOptions,
+    Stat, WatchOptions, WriteFileOptions,
+    toFileOperationResult, toFileSystemProviderErrorCode,
+    ResolveFileResult, ResolveFileResultWithMetadata,
+    MoveFileOptions, CopyFileOptions, BaseStatWithMetadata, FileDeleteOptions, FileOperationOptions, hasAccessCapability, hasUpdateCapability,
+    hasFileReadStreamCapability, FileSystemProviderWithFileReadStreamCapability, ReadOnlyMessageFileSystemProvider
+} from '../common/files';
+import { BinaryBuffer, BinaryBufferReadable, BinaryBufferReadableStream, BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream, BinaryBufferWriteableStream } from '@theia/core/lib/common/buffer';
+import { ReadableStream, isReadableStream, isReadableBufferedStream, transform, consumeStream, peekStream, peekReadable, Readable } from '@theia/core/lib/common/stream';
+import { LabelProvider } from '@theia/core/lib/browser/label-provider';
+import { FileSystemPreferences } from './filesystem-preferences';
+import { ProgressService } from '@theia/core/lib/common/progress-service';
+import { DelegatingFileSystemProvider } from '../common/delegating-file-system-provider';
+import type { TextDocumentContentChangeEvent } from '@theia/core/shared/vscode-languageserver-protocol';
+import { EncodingRegistry } from '@theia/core/lib/browser/encoding-registry';
+import { UTF8, UTF8_with_bom } from '@theia/core/lib/common/encodings';
+import { EncodingService, ResourceEncoding, DecodeStreamResult } from '@theia/core/lib/common/encoding-service';
+import { Mutable } from '@theia/core/lib/common/types';
+import { readFileIntoStream } from '../common/io';
+import { FileSystemWatcherErrorHandler } from './filesystem-watcher-error-handler';
+import { FileSystemUtils } from '../common/filesystem-utils';
+import { nls } from '@theia/core';
+import { MarkdownString } from '@theia/core/lib/common/markdown-rendering';
+
+export interface FileOperationParticipant {
+
+    /**
+     * Participate in a file operation of a working copy. Allows to
+     * change the working copy before it is being saved to disk.
+     */
+    participate(
+        target: URI,
+        source: URI | undefined,
+        operation: FileOperation,
+        timeout: number,
+        token: CancellationToken
+    ): Promise<void>;
+}
+
+export interface ReadEncodingOptions {
+
+    /**
+     * The optional encoding parameter allows to specify the desired encoding when resolving
+     * the contents of the file.
+     */
+    encoding?: string;
+
+    /**
+     * The optional guessEncoding parameter allows to guess encoding from content of the file.
+     */
+    autoGuessEncoding?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface WriteEncodingOptions {
+
+    /**
+     * The encoding to use when updating a file.
+     */
+    encoding?: string;
+
+    /**
+     * If set to true, will enforce the selected encoding and not perform any detection using BOMs.
+     */
+    overwriteEncoding?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface ReadTextFileOptions extends ReadEncodingOptions, ReadFileOptions {
+    /**
+     * The optional acceptTextOnly parameter allows to fail this request early if the file
+     * contents are not textual.
+     */
+    acceptTextOnly?: boolean;
+}
+
+interface BaseTextFileContent extends BaseStatWithMetadata {
+
+    /**
+     * The encoding of the content if known.
+     */
+    encoding: string;
+}
+
+export interface TextFileContent extends BaseTextFileContent {
+
+    /**
+     * The content of a text file.
+     */
+    value: string;
+}
+
+export interface TextFileStreamContent extends BaseTextFileContent {
+
+    /**
+     * The line grouped content of a text file.
+     */
+    value: ReadableStream<string>;
+}
+
+export interface CreateTextFileOptions extends WriteEncodingOptions, CreateFileOptions { }
+
+export interface WriteTextFileOptions extends WriteEncodingOptions, WriteFileOptions { }
+
+export interface UpdateTextFileOptions extends WriteEncodingOptions, WriteFileOptions {
+    readEncoding: string
+}
+
+export interface UserFileOperationEvent extends WaitUntilEvent {
+
+    /**
+     * An identifier to correlate the operation through the
+     * different event types (before, after, error).
+     */
+    readonly correlationId: number;
+
+    /**
+     * The file operation that is taking place.
+     */
+    readonly operation: FileOperation;
+
+    /**
+     * The resource the event is about.
+     */
+    readonly target: URI;
+
+    /**
+     * A property that is defined for move operations.
+     */
+    readonly source?: URI;
+}
+
+export const FileServiceContribution = Symbol('FileServiceContribution');
+
+/**
+ * A {@link FileServiceContribution} can be used to add custom {@link FileSystemProvider}s.
+ * For this, the contribution has to listen to the {@link FileSystemProviderActivationEvent} and register
+ * the custom {@link FileSystemProvider}s according to the scheme when this event is fired.
+ *
+ * ### Example usage
+ * ```ts
+ * export class MyFileServiceContribution implements FileServiceContribution {
+ *     registerFileSystemProviders(service: FileService): void {
+ *         service.onWillActivateFileSystemProvider(event => {
+ *             if (event.scheme === 'mySyncProviderScheme') {
+ *                 service.registerProvider('mySyncProviderScheme', this.mySyncProvider);
+ *             }
+ *             if (event.scheme === 'myAsyncProviderScheme') {
+ *                 event.waitUntil((async () => {
+ *                     const myAsyncProvider = await this.createAsyncProvider();
+ *                     service.registerProvider('myAsyncProviderScheme', myAsyncProvider);
+ *                 })());
+ *             }
+ *         });
+ *
+ *     }
+ *```
+ */
+export interface FileServiceContribution {
+    /**
+     * Register custom file system providers for the given {@link FileService}.
+     * @param service The file service for which the providers should be registered.
+     */
+    registerFileSystemProviders(service: FileService): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Represents the `FileSystemProviderRegistration` event.
+ * This event is fired by the {@link FileService} if a {@link FileSystemProvider} is
+ * registered to or unregistered from the service.
+ */
+export interface FileSystemProviderRegistrationEvent {
+    /** `True` if a new provider has been registered, `false` if a provider has been unregistered. */
+    added: boolean;
+    /** The (uri) scheme for which the provider was (previously) registered */
+    scheme: string;
+    /** The affected file system provider for which this event was fired. */
+    provider?: FileSystemProvider;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Represents the `FileSystemProviderCapabilitiesChange` event.
+ * This event is fired by the {@link FileService} if the capabilities of one of its managed
+ * {@link FileSystemProvider}s have changed.
+ */
+export interface FileSystemProviderCapabilitiesChangeEvent {
+    /** The affected file system provider for which this event was fired. */
+    provider: FileSystemProvider;
+    /** The (uri) scheme for which the provider is registered */
+    scheme: string;
+}
+
+export interface FileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessageChangeEvent {
+    /** The affected file system provider for which this event was fired. */
+    provider: FileSystemProvider;
+    /** The uri for which the provider is registered */
+    scheme: string;
+    /** The new read only message */
+    message: MarkdownString | undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Represents the `FileSystemProviderActivation` event.
+ * This event is fired by the {@link FileService} if it wants to activate the
+ * {@link FileSystemProvider} for a specific scheme.
+ */
+export interface FileSystemProviderActivationEvent extends WaitUntilEvent {
+    /** The (uri) scheme for which the provider should be activated */
+    scheme: string;
+}
+
+export const enum TextFileOperationResult {
+    FILE_IS_BINARY
+}
+
+export class TextFileOperationError extends FileOperationError {
+
+    constructor(
+        message: string,
+        public textFileOperationResult: TextFileOperationResult,
+        override options?: ReadTextFileOptions & WriteTextFileOptions
+    ) {
+        super(message, FileOperationResult.FILE_OTHER_ERROR);
+        Object.setPrototypeOf(this, TextFileOperationError.prototype);
+    }
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * The {@link FileService} is the common facade responsible for all interactions with file systems.
+ * It manages all registered {@link FileSystemProvider}s and
+ *  forwards calls to the responsible {@link FileSystemProvider}, determined by the scheme.
+ * For additional documentation regarding the provided functions see also {@link FileSystemProvider}.
+ */
+@injectable()
+export class FileService {
+
+    private readonly BUFFER_SIZE = 64 * 1024;
+
+    @inject(LabelProvider)
+    protected readonly labelProvider: LabelProvider;
+
+    @inject(FileSystemPreferences)
+    protected readonly preferences: FileSystemPreferences;
+
+    @inject(ProgressService)
+    protected readonly progressService: ProgressService;
+
+    @inject(EncodingRegistry)
+    protected readonly encodingRegistry: EncodingRegistry;
+
+    @inject(EncodingService)
+    protected readonly encodingService: EncodingService;
+
+    @inject(ContributionProvider) @named(FileServiceContribution)
+    protected readonly contributions: ContributionProvider<FileServiceContribution>;
+
+    @inject(FileSystemWatcherErrorHandler)
+    protected readonly watcherErrorHandler: FileSystemWatcherErrorHandler;
+
+    @postConstruct()
+    protected init(): void {
+        for (const contribution of this.contributions.getContributions()) {
+            contribution.registerFileSystemProviders(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // #region Events
+
+    private correlationIds = 0;
+
+    private readonly onWillRunUserOperationEmitter = new AsyncEmitter<UserFileOperationEvent>();
+    /**
+     * An event that is emitted when file operation is being performed.
+     * This event is triggered by user gestures.
+     */
+    readonly onWillRunUserOperation = this.onWillRunUserOperationEmitter.event;
+
+    private readonly onDidFailUserOperationEmitter = new AsyncEmitter<UserFileOperationEvent>();
+    /**
+     * An event that is emitted when file operation is failed.
+     * This event is triggered by user gestures.
+     */
+    readonly onDidFailUserOperation = this.onDidFailUserOperationEmitter.event;
+
+    private readonly onDidRunUserOperationEmitter = new AsyncEmitter<UserFileOperationEvent>();
+    /**
+     * An event that is emitted when file operation is finished.
+     * This event is triggered by user gestures.
+     */
+    readonly onDidRunUserOperation = this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.event;
+
+    // #endregion
+
+    // #region File System Provider
+
+    private onDidChangeFileSystemProviderRegistrationsEmitter = new Emitter<FileSystemProviderRegistrationEvent>();
+    readonly onDidChangeFileSystemProviderRegistrations = this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderRegistrationsEmitter.event;
+
+    private onWillActivateFileSystemProviderEmitter = new Emitter<FileSystemProviderActivationEvent>();
+    /**
+     * See `FileServiceContribution.registerProviders`.
+     */
+    readonly onWillActivateFileSystemProvider = this.onWillActivateFileSystemProviderEmitter.event;
+
+    private onDidChangeFileSystemProviderCapabilitiesEmitter = new Emitter<FileSystemProviderCapabilitiesChangeEvent>();
+    readonly onDidChangeFileSystemProviderCapabilities = this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderCapabilitiesEmitter.event;
+
+    private onDidChangeFileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessageEmitter = new Emitter<FileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessageChangeEvent>();
+    readonly onDidChangeFileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessage = this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessageEmitter.event;
+
+    private readonly providers = new Map<string, FileSystemProvider>();
+    private readonly activations = new Map<string, Promise<FileSystemProvider>>();
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a new {@link FileSystemProvider} for the given scheme.
+     * @param scheme The (uri) scheme for which the provider should be registered.
+     * @param provider The file system provider that should be registered.
+     *
+     * @returns A `Disposable` that can be invoked to unregister the given provider.
+     */
+    registerProvider(scheme: string, provider: FileSystemProvider): Disposable {
+        if (this.providers.has(scheme)) {
+            throw new Error(`A filesystem provider for the scheme '${scheme}' is already registered.`);
+        }
+
+        this.providers.set(scheme, provider);
+        this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderRegistrationsEmitter.fire({ added: true, scheme, provider });
+
+        const providerDisposables = new DisposableCollection();
+        providerDisposables.push(provider.onDidChangeFile(changes => this.onDidFilesChangeEmitter.fire(new FileChangesEvent(changes))));
+        providerDisposables.push(provider.onFileWatchError(() => this.handleFileWatchError()));
+        providerDisposables.push(provider.onDidChangeCapabilities(() => this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderCapabilitiesEmitter.fire({ provider, scheme })));
+        if (ReadOnlyMessageFileSystemProvider.is(provider)) {
+            providerDisposables.push(provider.onDidChangeReadOnlyMessage(message => this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderReadOnlyMessageEmitter.fire({ provider, scheme, message })));
+        }
+
+        return Disposable.create(() => {
+            this.onDidChangeFileSystemProviderRegistrationsEmitter.fire({ added: false, scheme, provider });
+            this.providers.delete(scheme);
+
+            providerDisposables.dispose();
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to activate the registered provider for the given scheme
+     * @param scheme  The uri scheme for which the responsible provider should be activated.
+     *
+     * @returns A promise of the activated file system provider. Only resolves if a provider is available for this scheme, gets rejected otherwise.
+     */
+    async activateProvider(scheme: string): Promise<FileSystemProvider> {
+        let provider = this.providers.get(scheme);
+        if (provider) {
+            return provider;
+        }
+        let activation = this.activations.get(scheme);
+        if (!activation) {
+            const deferredActivation = new Deferred<FileSystemProvider>();
+            this.activations.set(scheme, activation = deferredActivation.promise);
+            WaitUntilEvent.fire(this.onWillActivateFileSystemProviderEmitter, { scheme }).then(() => {
+                provider = this.providers.get(scheme);
+                if (!provider) {
+                    const error = new Error();
+                    error.name = 'ENOPRO';
+                    error.message = `No file system provider found for scheme ${scheme}`;
+                    throw error;
+                } else {
+                    deferredActivation.resolve(provider);
+                }
+            }).catch(e => deferredActivation.reject(e));
+        }
+        return activation;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if the service (i.e. any of its registered {@link FileSystemProvider}s) can handle the given resource.
+     * @param resource `URI` of the resource to test.
+     *
+     * @returns `true` if the resource can be handled, `false` otherwise.
+     */
+    canHandleResource(resource: URI): boolean {
+        return this.providers.has(resource.scheme);
+    }
+
+    getReadOnlyMessage(resource: URI): MarkdownString | undefined {
+        const provider = this.providers.get(resource.scheme);
+        if (ReadOnlyMessageFileSystemProvider.is(provider)) {
+            return provider.readOnlyMessage;
+        }
+        return undefined;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if the service (i.e the {@link FileSystemProvider} registered for the given uri scheme) provides the given capability.
+     * @param resource `URI` of the resource to test.
+     * @param capability The required capability.
+     *
+     * @returns `true` if the resource can be handled and the required capability can be provided.
+     */
+    hasCapability(resource: URI, capability: FileSystemProviderCapabilities): boolean {
+        const provider = this.providers.get(resource.scheme);
+
+        return !!(provider && (provider.capabilities & capability));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * List the schemes and capabilities for registered file system providers
+     */
+    listCapabilities(): { scheme: string; capabilities: FileSystemProviderCapabilities }[] {
+        return Array.from(this.providers.entries()).map(([scheme, provider]) => ({
+            scheme,
+            capabilities: provider.capabilities
+        }));
+    }
+
+    protected async withProvider(resource: URI): Promise<FileSystemProvider> {
+        // Assert path is absolute
+        if (!resource.path.isAbsolute) {
+            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to resolve filesystem provider with relative file path '{0}'", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_INVALID_PATH);
+        }
+
+        return this.activateProvider(resource.scheme);
+    }
+
+    private async withReadProvider(resource: URI): Promise<FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability | FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability> {
+        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
+
+        if (hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(provider) || hasReadWriteCapability(provider)) {
+            return provider;
+        }
+
+        throw new Error(`Filesystem provider for scheme '${resource.scheme}' neither has FileReadWrite, FileReadStream nor FileOpenReadWriteClose capability which is needed for the read operation.`);
+    }
+
+    private async withWriteProvider(resource: URI): Promise<FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability | FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability> {
+        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
+        if (hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(provider) || hasReadWriteCapability(provider)) {
+            return provider;
+        }
+
+        throw new Error(`Filesystem provider for scheme '${resource.scheme}' neither has FileReadWrite nor FileOpenReadWriteClose capability which is needed for the write operation.`);
+    }
+
+    // #endregion
+
+    private onDidRunOperationEmitter = new Emitter<FileOperationEvent>();
+    /**
+     * An event that is emitted when operation is finished.
+     * This event is triggered by user gestures and programmatically.
+     */
+    readonly onDidRunOperation = this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.event;
+
+    /**
+     * Try to resolve file information and metadata for the given resource.
+     * @param resource `URI` of the resource that should be resolved.
+     * @param options  Options to customize the resolvement process.
+     *
+     * @return A promise that resolves if the resource could be successfully resolved.
+     */
+    resolve(resource: URI, options: ResolveMetadataFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata>;
+    resolve(resource: URI, options?: ResolveFileOptions | undefined): Promise<FileStat>;
+    async resolve(resource: any, options?: any) {
+        try {
+            return await this.doResolveFile(resource, options);
+        } catch (error) {
+
+            // Specially handle file not found case as file operation result
+            if (toFileSystemProviderErrorCode(error) === FileSystemProviderErrorCode.FileNotFound) {
+                throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to resolve nonexistent file '{0}'", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_NOT_FOUND);
+            }
+
+            // Bubble up any other error as is
+            throw ensureFileSystemProviderError(error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async doResolveFile(resource: URI, options: ResolveMetadataFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata>;
+    private async doResolveFile(resource: URI, options?: ResolveFileOptions): Promise<FileStat>;
+    private async doResolveFile(resource: URI, options?: ResolveFileOptions): Promise<FileStat> {
+        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
+
+        const resolveTo = options?.resolveTo;
+        const resolveSingleChildDescendants = options?.resolveSingleChildDescendants;
+        const resolveMetadata = options?.resolveMetadata;
+
+        const stat = await provider.stat(resource);
+
+        let trie: TernarySearchTree<URI, boolean> | undefined;
+
+        return this.toFileStat(provider, resource, stat, undefined, !!resolveMetadata, (stat, siblings) => {
+
+            // lazy trie to check for recursive resolving
+            if (!trie) {
+                trie = TernarySearchTree.forUris<true>(!!(provider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.PathCaseSensitive));
+                trie.set(resource, true);
+                if (Array.isArray(resolveTo) && resolveTo.length) {
+                    resolveTo.forEach(uri => trie!.set(uri, true));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check for recursive resolving
+            if (Boolean(trie.findSuperstr(stat.resource) || trie.get(stat.resource))) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // check for resolving single child folders
+            if (stat.isDirectory && resolveSingleChildDescendants) {
+                return siblings === 1;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        });
+    }
+
+    private async toFileStat(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, stat: Stat | { type: FileType } & Partial<Stat>, siblings: number | undefined, resolveMetadata: boolean, recurse: (stat: FileStat, siblings?: number) => boolean): Promise<FileStat>;
+    private async toFileStat(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, stat: Stat, siblings: number | undefined, resolveMetadata: true, recurse: (stat: FileStat, siblings?: number) => boolean): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata>;
+    private async toFileStat(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, stat: Stat | { type: FileType } & Partial<Stat>, siblings: number | undefined, resolveMetadata: boolean, recurse: (stat: FileStat, siblings?: number) => boolean): Promise<FileStat> {
+        const fileStat = FileStat.fromStat(resource, stat);
+
+        // check to recurse for directories
+        if (fileStat.isDirectory && recurse(fileStat, siblings)) {
+            try {
+                const entries = await provider.readdir(resource);
+                const resolvedEntries = await Promise.all(entries.map(async ([name, type]) => {
+                    try {
+                        const childResource = resource.resolve(name);
+                        const childStat = resolveMetadata ? await provider.stat(childResource) : { type };
+
+                        return await this.toFileStat(provider, childResource, childStat, entries.length, resolveMetadata, recurse);
+                    } catch (error) {
+                        console.trace(error);
+
+                        return null; // can happen e.g. due to permission errors
+                    }
+                }));
+
+                // make sure to get rid of null values that signal a failure to resolve a particular entry
+                fileStat.children = resolvedEntries.filter(e => !!e) as FileStat[];
+            } catch (error) {
+                console.trace(error);
+
+                fileStat.children = []; // gracefully handle errors, we may not have permissions to read
+            }
+
+            return fileStat;
+        }
+
+        return fileStat;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to resolve file information and metadata for all given resource.
+     * @param toResolve An array of all the resources (and corresponding resolvement options) that should be resolved.
+     *
+     * @returns A promise of all resolved resources. The promise is not rejected if any of the given resources cannot be resolved.
+     * Instead this is reflected with the `success` flag of the corresponding {@link ResolveFileResult}.
+     */
+    async resolveAll(toResolve: { resource: URI, options?: ResolveFileOptions }[]): Promise<ResolveFileResult[]>;
+    async resolveAll(toResolve: { resource: URI, options: ResolveMetadataFileOptions }[]): Promise<ResolveFileResultWithMetadata[]>;
+    async resolveAll(toResolve: { resource: URI; options?: ResolveFileOptions; }[]): Promise<ResolveFileResult[]> {
+        return Promise.all(toResolve.map(async entry => {
+            try {
+                return { stat: await this.doResolveFile(entry.resource, entry.options), success: true };
+            } catch (error) {
+                console.trace(error);
+
+                return { stat: undefined, success: false };
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if the given resource exists in the filesystem.
+     * @param resource `URI` of the resource which should be tested.
+     * @throws Will throw an error if no {@link FileSystemProvider} is registered for the given resource.
+     *
+     * @returns A promise that resolves to `true` if the resource exists.
+     */
+    async exists(resource: URI): Promise<boolean> {
+        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
+
+        try {
+            const stat = await provider.stat(resource);
+
+            return !!stat;
+        } catch (error) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests a user's permissions for the given resource.
+     * @param resource `URI` of the resource which should be tested.
+     * @param mode An optional integer that specifies the accessibility checks to be performed.
+     *      Check `FileAccess.Constants` for possible values of mode.
+     *      It is possible to create a mask consisting of the bitwise `OR` of two or more values (e.g. FileAccess.Constants.W_OK | FileAccess.Constants.R_OK).
+     *      If `mode` is not defined, `FileAccess.Constants.F_OK` will be used instead.
+     */
+    async access(resource: URI, mode?: number): Promise<boolean> {
+        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
+
+        if (!hasAccessCapability(provider)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        try {
+            await provider.access(resource, mode);
+            return true;
+        } catch (error) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves the fs path of the given URI.
+     *
+     * USE WITH CAUTION: You should always prefer URIs to paths if possible, as they are
+     * portable and platform independent. Paths should only be used in cases you directly
+     * interact with the OS, e.g. when running a command on the shell.
+     *
+     * If you need to display human readable simple or long names then use `LabelProvider` instead.
+     * @param resource `URI` of the resource that should be resolved.
+     * @throws Will throw an error if no {@link FileSystemProvider} is registered for the given resource.
+     *
+     * @returns A promise of the resolved fs path.
+     */
+    async fsPath(resource: URI): Promise<string> {
+        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
+
+        if (!hasAccessCapability(provider)) {
+            return resource.path.toString();
+        }
+        return provider.fsPath(resource);
+    }
+
+    // #region Text File Reading/Writing
+
+    async create(resource: URI, value?: string | Readable<string>, options?: CreateTextFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
+        if (options?.fromUserGesture === false) {
+            return this.doCreate(resource, value, options);
+        }
+        await this.runFileOperationParticipants(resource, undefined, FileOperation.CREATE);
+
+        const event = { correlationId: this.correlationIds++, operation: FileOperation.CREATE, target: resource };
+        await this.onWillRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+
+        let stat: FileStatWithMetadata;
+        try {
+            stat = await this.doCreate(resource, value, options);
+        } catch (error) {
+            await this.onDidFailUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+            throw error;
+        }
+
+        await this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+
+        return stat;
+    }
+
+    protected async doCreate(resource: URI, value?: string | Readable<string>, options?: CreateTextFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
+        const encoding = await this.getWriteEncoding(resource, options);
+        const encoded = await this.encodingService.encodeStream(value, encoding);
+        return this.createFile(resource, encoded, options);
+    }
+
+    async write(resource: URI, value: string | Readable<string>, options?: WriteTextFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata & { encoding: string }> {
+        const encoding = await this.getWriteEncoding(resource, options);
+        const encoded = await this.encodingService.encodeStream(value, encoding);
+        return Object.assign(await this.writeFile(resource, encoded, options), { encoding: encoding.encoding });
+    }
+
+    async read(resource: URI, options?: ReadTextFileOptions): Promise<TextFileContent> {
+        const [bufferStream, decoder] = await this.doRead(resource, {
+            ...options,
+            preferUnbuffered: this.shouldReadUnbuffered(options)
+        });
+
+        return {
+            ...bufferStream,
+            encoding: decoder.detected.encoding || UTF8,
+            value: await consumeStream(decoder.stream, strings => strings.join(''))
+        };
+    }
+
+    async readStream(resource: URI, options?: ReadTextFileOptions): Promise<TextFileStreamContent> {
+        const [bufferStream, decoder] = await this.doRead(resource, options);
+
+        return {
+            ...bufferStream,
+            encoding: decoder.detected.encoding || UTF8,
+            value: decoder.stream
+        };
+    }
+
+    private async doRead(resource: URI, options?: ReadTextFileOptions & { preferUnbuffered?: boolean }): Promise<[FileStreamContent, DecodeStreamResult]> {
+        options = this.resolveReadOptions(options);
+
+        // read stream raw (either buffered or unbuffered)
+        let bufferStream: FileStreamContent;
+        if (options?.preferUnbuffered) {
+            const content = await this.readFile(resource, options);
+            bufferStream = {
+                ...content,
+                value: BinaryBufferReadableStream.fromBuffer(content.value)
+            };
+        } else {
+            bufferStream = await this.readFileStream(resource, options);
+        }
+
+        const decoder = await this.encodingService.decodeStream(bufferStream.value, {
+            guessEncoding: options.autoGuessEncoding,
+            overwriteEncoding: detectedEncoding => this.getReadEncoding(resource, options, detectedEncoding)
+        });
+
+        // validate binary
+        if (options?.acceptTextOnly && decoder.detected.seemsBinary) {
+            throw new TextFileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault('File seems to be binary and cannot be opened as text'), TextFileOperationResult.FILE_IS_BINARY, options);
+        }
+
+        return [bufferStream, decoder];
+    }
+
+    protected resolveReadOptions(options?: ReadTextFileOptions): ReadTextFileOptions {
+        options = {
+            ...options,
+            autoGuessEncoding: typeof options?.autoGuessEncoding === 'boolean' ? options.autoGuessEncoding : this.preferences['files.autoGuessEncoding']
+        };
+        const limits: Mutable<ReadTextFileOptions['limits']> = options.limits = options.limits || {};
+        if (typeof limits.size !== 'number') {
+            limits.size = this.preferences['files.maxFileSizeMB'] * 1024 * 1024;
+        }
+        return options;
+    }
+
+    async update(resource: URI, changes: TextDocumentContentChangeEvent[], options: UpdateTextFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata & { encoding: string }> {
+        const provider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withWriteProvider(resource), resource);
+        try {
+            await this.validateWriteFile(provider, resource, options);
+            if (hasUpdateCapability(provider)) {
+                const encoding = await this.getEncodingForResource(resource, options ? options.encoding : undefined);;
+                const stat = await provider.updateFile(resource, changes, {
+                    readEncoding: options.readEncoding,
+                    writeEncoding: encoding,
+                    overwriteEncoding: options.overwriteEncoding || false
+                });
+                return Object.assign(FileStat.fromStat(resource, stat), { encoding: stat.encoding });
+            } else {
+                throw new Error('incremental file update is not supported');
+            }
+        } catch (error) {
+            this.rethrowAsFileOperationError("Unable to write file '{0}' ({1})", resource, error, options);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // #endregion
+
+    // #region File Reading/Writing
+
+    async createFile(resource: URI, bufferOrReadableOrStream: BinaryBuffer | BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream = BinaryBuffer.fromString(''), options?: CreateFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
+
+        // validate overwrite
+        if (!options?.overwrite && await this.exists(resource)) {
+            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to create file '{0}' that already exists when overwrite flag is not set", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_MODIFIED_SINCE, options);
+        }
+
+        // do write into file (this will create it too)
+        const fileStat = await this.writeFile(resource, bufferOrReadableOrStream);
+
+        // events
+        this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.fire(new FileOperationEvent(resource, FileOperation.CREATE, fileStat));
+
+        return fileStat;
+    }
+
+    async writeFile(resource: URI, bufferOrReadableOrStream: BinaryBuffer | BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream, options?: WriteFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
+        const provider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withWriteProvider(resource), resource);
+
+        try {
+
+            // validate write
+            const stat = await this.validateWriteFile(provider, resource, options);
+
+            // mkdir recursively as needed
+            if (!stat) {
+                await this.mkdirp(provider, resource.parent);
+            }
+
+            // optimization: if the provider has unbuffered write capability and the data
+            // to write is a Readable, we consume up to 3 chunks and try to write the data
+            // unbuffered to reduce the overhead. If the Readable has more data to provide
+            // we continue to write buffered.
+            let bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream: BinaryBuffer | BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream | BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream;
+            if (hasReadWriteCapability(provider) && !(bufferOrReadableOrStream instanceof BinaryBuffer)) {
+                if (isReadableStream(bufferOrReadableOrStream)) {
+                    const bufferedStream = await peekStream(bufferOrReadableOrStream, 3);
+                    if (bufferedStream.ended) {
+                        bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream = BinaryBuffer.concat(bufferedStream.buffer);
+                    } else {
+                        bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream = bufferedStream;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream = peekReadable(bufferOrReadableOrStream, data => BinaryBuffer.concat(data), 3);
+                }
+            } else {
+                bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream = bufferOrReadableOrStream;
+            }
+
+            // write file: unbuffered (only if data to write is a buffer, or the provider has no buffered write capability)
+            if (!hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(provider) || (hasReadWriteCapability(provider) && bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream instanceof BinaryBuffer)) {
+                await this.doWriteUnbuffered(provider, resource, bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
+            }
+
+            // write file: buffered
+            else {
+                await this.doWriteBuffered(provider, resource, bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream instanceof BinaryBuffer ? BinaryBufferReadable.fromBuffer(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream) : bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
+            }
+        } catch (error) {
+            this.rethrowAsFileOperationError("Unable to write file '{0}' ({1})", resource, error, options);
+        }
+
+        return this.resolve(resource, { resolveMetadata: true });
+    }
+
+    private async validateWriteFile(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, options?: WriteFileOptions): Promise<Stat | undefined> {
+        let stat: Stat | undefined = undefined;
+        try {
+            stat = await provider.stat(resource);
+        } catch (error) {
+            return undefined; // file might not exist
+        }
+
+        // file cannot be directory
+        if ((stat.type & FileType.Directory) !== 0) {
+            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to write file '{0}' that is actually a directory", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_IS_DIRECTORY, options);
+        }
+
+        if (this.modifiedSince(stat, options)) {
+            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault('File Modified Since'), FileOperationResult.FILE_MODIFIED_SINCE, options);
+        }
+
+        return stat;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dirty write prevention: if the file on disk has been changed and does not match our expected
+     * mtime and etag, we bail out to prevent dirty writing.
+     *
+     * First, we check for a mtime that is in the future before we do more checks. The assumption is
+     * that only the mtime is an indicator for a file that has changed on disk.
+     *
+     * Second, if the mtime has advanced, we compare the size of the file on disk with our previous
+     * one using the etag() function. Relying only on the mtime check has proven to produce false
+     * positives due to file system weirdness (especially around remote file systems). As such, the
+     * check for size is a weaker check because it can return a false negative if the file has changed
+     * but to the same length. This is a compromise we take to avoid having to produce checksums of
+     * the file content for comparison which would be much slower to compute.
+     */
+    protected modifiedSince(stat: Stat, options?: WriteFileOptions): boolean {
+        return !!options && typeof options.mtime === 'number' && typeof options.etag === 'string' && options.etag !== ETAG_DISABLED &&
+            typeof stat.mtime === 'number' && typeof stat.size === 'number' &&
+            options.mtime < stat.mtime && options.etag !== etag({ mtime: options.mtime /* not using stat.mtime for a reason, see above */, size: stat.size });
+    }
+
+    protected shouldReadUnbuffered(options?: ReadFileOptions): boolean {
+        // optimization: since we know that the caller does not
+        // care about buffering, we indicate this to the reader.
+        // this reduces all the overhead the buffered reading
+        // has (open, read, close) if the provider supports
+        // unbuffered reading.
+        //
+        // However, if we read only part of the file we still
+        // want buffered reading as otherwise we need to read
+        // the whole file and cut out the specified part later.
+        return options?.position === undefined && options?.length === undefined;
+    }
+
+    async readFile(resource: URI, options?: ReadFileOptions): Promise<FileContent> {
+        const provider = await this.withReadProvider(resource);
+
+        const stream = await this.doReadAsFileStream(provider, resource, {
+            ...options,
+            preferUnbuffered: this.shouldReadUnbuffered(options)
+        });
+
+        return {
+            ...stream,
+            value: await BinaryBufferReadableStream.toBuffer(stream.value)
+        };
+    }
+
+    async readFileStream(resource: URI, options?: ReadFileOptions): Promise<FileStreamContent> {
+        const provider = await this.withReadProvider(resource);
+
+        return this.doReadAsFileStream(provider, resource, options);
+    }
+
+    private async doReadAsFileStream(provider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability | FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, resource: URI, options?: ReadFileOptions & { preferUnbuffered?: boolean }): Promise<FileStreamContent> {
+
+        // install a cancellation token that gets cancelled
+        // when any error occurs. this allows us to resolve
+        // the content of the file while resolving metadata
+        // but still cancel the operation in certain cases.
+        const cancellableSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
+
+        // validate read operation
+        const statPromise = this.validateReadFile(resource, options).then(stat => stat, error => {
+            cancellableSource.cancel();
+
+            throw error;
+        });
+
+        try {
+
+            // if the etag is provided, we await the result of the validation
+            // due to the likelyhood of hitting a NOT_MODIFIED_SINCE result.
+            // otherwise, we let it run in parallel to the file reading for
+            // optimal startup performance.
+            if (options && typeof options.etag === 'string' && options.etag !== ETAG_DISABLED) {
+                await statPromise;
+            }
+
+            let fileStreamPromise: Promise<BinaryBufferReadableStream>;
+
+            // read unbuffered (only if either preferred, or the provider has no buffered read capability)
+            if (!(hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(provider) || hasFileReadStreamCapability(provider)) || (hasReadWriteCapability(provider) && options?.preferUnbuffered)) {
+                fileStreamPromise = this.readFileUnbuffered(provider, resource, options);
+            }
+
+            // read streamed (always prefer over primitive buffered read)
+            else if (hasFileReadStreamCapability(provider)) {
+                fileStreamPromise = Promise.resolve(this.readFileStreamed(provider, resource, cancellableSource.token, options));
+            }
+
+            // read buffered
+            else {
+                fileStreamPromise = Promise.resolve(this.readFileBuffered(provider, resource, cancellableSource.token, options));
+            }
+
+            const [fileStat, fileStream] = await Promise.all([statPromise, fileStreamPromise]);
+
+            return {
+                ...fileStat,
+                value: fileStream
+            };
+        } catch (error) {
+            this.rethrowAsFileOperationError("Unable to read file '{0}' ({1})", resource, error, options);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private readFileStreamed(provider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadStreamCapability, resource: URI, token: CancellationToken, options: ReadFileOptions = Object.create(null)): BinaryBufferReadableStream {
+        const fileStream = provider.readFileStream(resource, options, token);
+
+        return transform(fileStream, {
+            data: data => data instanceof BinaryBuffer ? data : BinaryBuffer.wrap(data),
+            error: error => this.asFileOperationError("Unable to read file '{0}' ({1})", resource, error, options)
+        }, data => BinaryBuffer.concat(data));
+    }
+
+    private readFileBuffered(provider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, resource: URI, token: CancellationToken, options: ReadFileOptions = Object.create(null)): BinaryBufferReadableStream {
+        const stream = BinaryBufferWriteableStream.create();
+
+        readFileIntoStream(provider, resource, stream, data => data, {
+            ...options,
+            bufferSize: this.BUFFER_SIZE,
+            errorTransformer: error => this.asFileOperationError("Unable to read file '{0}' ({1})", resource, error, options)
+        }, token);
+
+        return stream;
+    }
+
+    protected rethrowAsFileOperationError(message: string, resource: URI, error: Error, options?: ReadFileOptions & WriteFileOptions & CreateFileOptions): never {
+        throw this.asFileOperationError(message, resource, error, options);
+    }
+    protected asFileOperationError(message: string, resource: URI, error: Error, options?: ReadFileOptions & WriteFileOptions & CreateFileOptions): FileOperationError {
+        const fileOperationError = new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault(message, this.resourceForError(resource), ensureFileSystemProviderError(error).toString()),
+            toFileOperationResult(error), options);
+        fileOperationError.stack = `${fileOperationError.stack}\nCaused by: ${error.stack}`;
+        return fileOperationError;
+    }
+
+    private async readFileUnbuffered(provider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, resource: URI, options?: ReadFileOptions): Promise<BinaryBufferReadableStream> {
+        let buffer = await provider.readFile(resource);
+
+        // respect position option
+        if (options && typeof options.position === 'number') {
+            buffer = buffer.slice(options.position);
+        }
+
+        // respect length option
+        if (options && typeof options.length === 'number') {
+            buffer = buffer.slice(0, options.length);
+        }
+
+        // Throw if file is too large to load
+        this.validateReadFileLimits(resource, buffer.byteLength, options);
+
+        return BinaryBufferReadableStream.fromBuffer(BinaryBuffer.wrap(buffer));
+    }
+
+    private async validateReadFile(resource: URI, options?: ReadFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
+        const stat = await this.resolve(resource, { resolveMetadata: true });
+
+        // Throw if resource is a directory
+        if (stat.isDirectory) {
+            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to read file '{0}' that is actually a directory", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_IS_DIRECTORY, options);
+        }
+
+        // Throw if file not modified since (unless disabled)
+        if (options && typeof options.etag === 'string' && options.etag !== ETAG_DISABLED && options.etag === stat.etag) {
+            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault('File not modified since'), FileOperationResult.FILE_NOT_MODIFIED_SINCE, options);
+        }
+
+        // Throw if file is too large to load
+        this.validateReadFileLimits(resource, stat.size, options);
+
+        return stat;
+    }
+
+    private validateReadFileLimits(resource: URI, size: number, options?: ReadFileOptions): void {
+        if (options?.limits) {
+            let tooLargeErrorResult: FileOperationResult | undefined = undefined;
+
+            if (typeof options.limits.memory === 'number' && size > options.limits.memory) {
+                tooLargeErrorResult = FileOperationResult.FILE_EXCEEDS_MEMORY_LIMIT;
+            }
+
+            if (typeof options.limits.size === 'number' && size > options.limits.size) {
+                tooLargeErrorResult = FileOperationResult.FILE_TOO_LARGE;
+            }
+
+            if (typeof tooLargeErrorResult === 'number') {
+                throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to read file '{0}' that is too large to open", this.resourceForError(resource)), tooLargeErrorResult);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // #endregion
+
+    // #region Move/Copy/Delete/Create Folder
+
+    async move(source: URI, target: URI, options?: MoveFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
+        if (options?.fromUserGesture === false) {
+            return this.doMove(source, target, options.overwrite);
+        }
+        await this.runFileOperationParticipants(target, source, FileOperation.MOVE);
+
+        const event = { correlationId: this.correlationIds++, operation: FileOperation.MOVE, target, source };
+        await this.onWillRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+        let stat: FileStatWithMetadata;
+        try {
+            stat = await this.doMove(source, target, options?.overwrite);
+        } catch (error) {
+            await this.onDidFailUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+            throw error;
+        }
+
+        await this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+        return stat;
+    }
+
+    protected async doMove(source: URI, target: URI, overwrite?: boolean): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
+        const sourceProvider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withWriteProvider(source), source);
+        const targetProvider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withWriteProvider(target), target);
+
+        // move
+        const mode = await this.doMoveCopy(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target, 'move', !!overwrite);
+
+        // resolve and send events
+        const fileStat = await this.resolve(target, { resolveMetadata: true });
+        this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.fire(new FileOperationEvent(source, mode === 'move' ? FileOperation.MOVE : FileOperation.COPY, fileStat));
+
+        return fileStat;
+    }
+
+    async copy(source: URI, target: URI, options?: CopyFileOptions): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
+        if (options?.fromUserGesture === false) {
+            return this.doCopy(source, target, options.overwrite);
+        }
+        await this.runFileOperationParticipants(target, source, FileOperation.COPY);
+
+        const event = { correlationId: this.correlationIds++, operation: FileOperation.COPY, target, source };
+        await this.onWillRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+        let stat: FileStatWithMetadata;
+        try {
+            stat = await this.doCopy(source, target, options?.overwrite);
+        } catch (error) {
+            await this.onDidFailUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+            throw error;
+        }
+
+        await this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+        return stat;
+    }
+
+    protected async doCopy(source: URI, target: URI, overwrite?: boolean): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
+        const sourceProvider = await this.withReadProvider(source);
+        const targetProvider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withWriteProvider(target), target);
+
+        // copy
+        const mode = await this.doMoveCopy(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target, 'copy', !!overwrite);
+
+        // resolve and send events
+        const fileStat = await this.resolve(target, { resolveMetadata: true });
+        this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.fire(new FileOperationEvent(source, mode === 'copy' ? FileOperation.COPY : FileOperation.MOVE, fileStat));
+
+        return fileStat;
+    }
+
+    private async doMoveCopy(sourceProvider: FileSystemProvider, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProvider, target: URI, mode: 'move' | 'copy', overwrite: boolean): Promise<'move' | 'copy'> {
+        if (source.toString() === target.toString()) {
+            return mode; // simulate node.js behaviour here and do a no-op if paths match
+        }
+
+        // validation
+        const { exists, isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase } = await this.doValidateMoveCopy(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target, mode, overwrite);
+
+        // if target exists get valid target
+        if (exists && !overwrite) {
+            const parent = await this.resolve(target.parent);
+            const targetFileStat = await this.resolve(target);
+            target = FileSystemUtils.generateUniqueResourceURI(parent, target, targetFileStat.isDirectory, isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase ? 'copy' : undefined);
+        }
+
+        // delete as needed (unless target is same resource with different path case)
+        if (exists && !isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase && overwrite) {
+            await this.delete(target, { recursive: true });
+        }
+
+        // create parent folders
+        await this.mkdirp(targetProvider, target.parent);
+
+        // copy source => target
+        if (mode === 'copy') {
+
+            // same provider with fast copy: leverage copy() functionality
+            if (sourceProvider === targetProvider && hasFileFolderCopyCapability(sourceProvider)) {
+                await sourceProvider.copy(source, target, { overwrite });
+            }
+
+            // when copying via buffer/unbuffered, we have to manually
+            // traverse the source if it is a folder and not a file
+            else {
+                const sourceFile = await this.resolve(source);
+                if (sourceFile.isDirectory) {
+                    await this.doCopyFolder(sourceProvider, sourceFile, targetProvider, target);
+                } else {
+                    await this.doCopyFile(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return mode;
+        }
+
+        // move source => target
+        else {
+
+            // same provider: leverage rename() functionality
+            if (sourceProvider === targetProvider) {
+                await sourceProvider.rename(source, target, { overwrite });
+
+                return mode;
+            }
+
+            // across providers: copy to target & delete at source
+            else {
+                await this.doMoveCopy(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target, 'copy', overwrite);
+
+                await this.delete(source, { recursive: true });
+
+                return 'copy';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async doCopyFile(sourceProvider: FileSystemProvider, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProvider, target: URI): Promise<void> {
+
+        // copy: source (buffered) => target (buffered)
+        if (hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(sourceProvider) && hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(targetProvider)) {
+            return this.doPipeBuffered(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target);
+        }
+
+        // copy: source (buffered) => target (unbuffered)
+        if (hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(sourceProvider) && hasReadWriteCapability(targetProvider)) {
+            return this.doPipeBufferedToUnbuffered(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target);
+        }
+
+        // copy: source (unbuffered) => target (buffered)
+        if (hasReadWriteCapability(sourceProvider) && hasOpenReadWriteCloseCapability(targetProvider)) {
+            return this.doPipeUnbufferedToBuffered(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target);
+        }
+
+        // copy: source (unbuffered) => target (unbuffered)
+        if (hasReadWriteCapability(sourceProvider) && hasReadWriteCapability(targetProvider)) {
+            return this.doPipeUnbuffered(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async doCopyFolder(sourceProvider: FileSystemProvider, sourceFolder: FileStat, targetProvider: FileSystemProvider, targetFolder: URI): Promise<void> {
+
+        // create folder in target
+        await targetProvider.mkdir(targetFolder);
+
+        // create children in target
+        if (Array.isArray(sourceFolder.children)) {
+            await Promise.all(sourceFolder.children.map(async sourceChild => {
+                const targetChild = targetFolder.resolve(sourceChild.name);
+                if (sourceChild.isDirectory) {
+                    return this.doCopyFolder(sourceProvider, await this.resolve(sourceChild.resource), targetProvider, targetChild);
+                } else {
+                    return this.doCopyFile(sourceProvider, sourceChild.resource, targetProvider, targetChild);
+                }
+            }));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async doValidateMoveCopy(sourceProvider: FileSystemProvider, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProvider, target: URI, mode: 'move' | 'copy', overwrite?: boolean): Promise<{ exists: boolean, isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase: boolean }> {
+        let isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase = false;
+
+        // Check if source is equal or parent to target (requires providers to be the same)
+        if (sourceProvider === targetProvider) {
+            const isPathCaseSensitive = !!(sourceProvider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.PathCaseSensitive);
+            if (!isPathCaseSensitive) {
+                isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase = source.toString().toLowerCase() === target.toString().toLowerCase();
+            }
+
+            if (isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase && mode === 'copy') {
+                throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to move/copy when source '{0}' is parent of target '{1}'.", this.resourceForError(source), this.resourceForError(target)));
+            }
+
+            if (!isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase && target.isEqualOrParent(source, isPathCaseSensitive)) {
+                throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to move/copy when source '{0}' is parent of target '{1}'.", this.resourceForError(source), this.resourceForError(target)));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Extra checks if target exists and this is not a rename
+        const exists = await this.exists(target);
+        if (exists && !isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase) {
+
+            // Special case: if the target is a parent of the source, we cannot delete
+            // it as it would delete the source as well. In this case we have to throw
+            if (sourceProvider === targetProvider) {
+                const isPathCaseSensitive = !!(sourceProvider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.PathCaseSensitive);
+                if (source.isEqualOrParent(target, isPathCaseSensitive)) {
+                    throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to move/copy '{0}' into '{1}' since a file would replace the folder it is contained in.", this.resourceForError(source), this.resourceForError(target)));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return { exists, isSameResourceWithDifferentPathCase };
+    }
+
+    async createFolder(resource: URI, options: FileOperationOptions = {}): Promise<FileStatWithMetadata> {
+        const {
+            fromUserGesture = true,
+        } = options;
+
+        const provider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withProvider(resource), resource);
+
+        // mkdir recursively
+        await this.mkdirp(provider, resource);
+
+        // events
+        const fileStat = await this.resolve(resource, { resolveMetadata: true });
+
+        if (fromUserGesture) {
+            this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.fire({ correlationId: this.correlationIds++, operation: FileOperation.CREATE, target: resource });
+        } else {
+            this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.fire(new FileOperationEvent(resource, FileOperation.CREATE, fileStat));
+        }
+
+        return fileStat;
+    }
+
+    private async mkdirp(provider: FileSystemProvider, directory: URI): Promise<void> {
+        const directoriesToCreate: string[] = [];
+
+        // mkdir until we reach root
+        while (!directory.path.isRoot) {
+            try {
+                const stat = await provider.stat(directory);
+                if ((stat.type & FileType.Directory) === 0) {
+                    throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to create folder '{0}' that already exists but is not a directory", this.resourceForError(directory)));
+                }
+
+                break; // we have hit a directory that exists -> good
+            } catch (error) {
+
+                // Bubble up any other error that is not file not found
+                if (toFileSystemProviderErrorCode(error) !== FileSystemProviderErrorCode.FileNotFound) {
+                    throw error;
+                }
+
+                // Upon error, remember directories that need to be created
+                directoriesToCreate.push(directory.path.base);
+
+                // Continue up
+                directory = directory.parent;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Create directories as needed
+        for (let i = directoriesToCreate.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            directory = directory.resolve(directoriesToCreate[i]);
+
+            try {
+                await provider.mkdir(directory);
+            } catch (error) {
+                if (toFileSystemProviderErrorCode(error) !== FileSystemProviderErrorCode.FileExists) {
+                    // For mkdirp() we tolerate that the mkdir() call fails
+                    // in case the folder already exists. This follows node.js
+                    // own implementation of fs.mkdir({ recursive: true }) and
+                    // reduces the chances of race conditions leading to errors
+                    // if multiple calls try to create the same folders
+                    // As such, we only throw an error here if it is other than
+                    // the fact that the file already exists.
+                    // (see also https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/89834)
+                    throw error;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async delete(resource: URI, options?: FileOperationOptions & Partial<FileDeleteOptions>): Promise<void> {
+        if (options?.fromUserGesture === false) {
+            return this.doDelete(resource, options);
+        }
+        await this.runFileOperationParticipants(resource, undefined, FileOperation.DELETE);
+
+        const event = { correlationId: this.correlationIds++, operation: FileOperation.DELETE, target: resource };
+        await this.onWillRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+        try {
+            await this.doDelete(resource, options);
+        } catch (error) {
+            await this.onDidFailUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+            throw error;
+        }
+
+        await this.onDidRunUserOperationEmitter.fire(event);
+    }
+
+    protected async doDelete(resource: URI, options?: Partial<FileDeleteOptions>): Promise<void> {
+        const provider = this.throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly(await this.withProvider(resource), resource);
+
+        // Validate trash support
+        const useTrash = !!options?.useTrash;
+        if (useTrash && !(provider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.Trash)) {
+            throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to delete file '{0}' via trash because provider does not support it.", this.resourceForError(resource)));
+        }
+
+        // Validate delete
+        const exists = await this.exists(resource);
+        if (!exists) {
+            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to delete nonexistent file '{0}'", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_NOT_FOUND);
+        }
+
+        // Validate recursive
+        const recursive = !!options?.recursive;
+        if (!recursive && exists) {
+            const stat = await this.resolve(resource);
+            if (stat.isDirectory && Array.isArray(stat.children) && stat.children.length > 0) {
+                throw new Error(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to delete non-empty folder '{0}'.", this.resourceForError(resource)));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Delete through provider
+        await provider.delete(resource, { recursive, useTrash });
+
+        // Events
+        this.onDidRunOperationEmitter.fire(new FileOperationEvent(resource, FileOperation.DELETE));
+    }
+
+    // #endregion
+
+    // #region File Watching
+
+    private onDidFilesChangeEmitter = new Emitter<FileChangesEvent>();
+    /**
+     * An event that is emitted when files are changed on the disk.
+     */
+    get onDidFilesChange(): Event<FileChangesEvent> {
+        return this.onDidFilesChangeEmitter.event;
+    }
+
+    private activeWatchers = new Map<string, { disposable: Disposable, count: number }>();
+
+    watch(resource: URI, options: WatchOptions = { recursive: false, excludes: [] }): Disposable {
+        const resolvedOptions: WatchOptions = {
+            ...options,
+            // always ignore temporary upload files
+            excludes: options.excludes.concat('**/theia_upload_*')
+        };
+
+        let watchDisposed = false;
+        let watchDisposable = Disposable.create(() => watchDisposed = true);
+
+        // Watch and wire in disposable which is async but
+        // check if we got disposed meanwhile and forward
+        this.doWatch(resource, resolvedOptions).then(disposable => {
+            if (watchDisposed) {
+                disposable.dispose();
+            } else {
+                watchDisposable = disposable;
+            }
+        }, error => console.error(error));
+
+        return Disposable.create(() => watchDisposable.dispose());
+    }
+
+    async doWatch(resource: URI, options: WatchOptions): Promise<Disposable> {
+        const provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
+        const key = this.toWatchKey(provider, resource, options);
+
+        // Only start watching if we are the first for the given key
+        const watcher = this.activeWatchers.get(key) || { count: 0, disposable: provider.watch(resource, options) };
+        if (!this.activeWatchers.has(key)) {
+            this.activeWatchers.set(key, watcher);
+        }
+
+        // Increment usage counter
+        watcher.count += 1;
+
+        return Disposable.create(() => {
+
+            // Unref
+            watcher.count--;
+
+            // Dispose only when last user is reached
+            if (watcher.count === 0) {
+                watcher.disposable.dispose();
+                this.activeWatchers.delete(key);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private toWatchKey(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, options: WatchOptions): string {
+        return [
+            this.toMapKey(provider, resource),  // lowercase path if the provider is case insensitive
+            String(options.recursive),          // use recursive: true | false as part of the key
+            options.excludes.join()             // use excludes as part of the key
+        ].join();
+    }
+
+    // #endregion
+
+    // #region Helpers
+
+    private writeQueues: Map<string, Promise<void>> = new Map();
+
+    private ensureWriteQueue(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI, task: () => Promise<void>): Promise<void> {
+        // ensure to never write to the same resource without finishing
+        // the one write. this ensures a write finishes consistently
+        // (even with error) before another write is done.
+        const queueKey = this.toMapKey(provider, resource);
+        const writeQueue = (this.writeQueues.get(queueKey) || Promise.resolve()).then(task, task);
+        this.writeQueues.set(queueKey, writeQueue);
+        return writeQueue;
+    }
+
+    private toMapKey(provider: FileSystemProvider, resource: URI): string {
+        const isPathCaseSensitive = !!(provider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.PathCaseSensitive);
+
+        return isPathCaseSensitive ? resource.toString() : resource.toString().toLowerCase();
+    }
+
+    private async doWriteBuffered(provider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, resource: URI, readableOrStreamOrBufferedStream: BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream | BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream): Promise<void> {
+        return this.ensureWriteQueue(provider, resource, async () => {
+
+            // open handle
+            const handle = await provider.open(resource, { create: true });
+
+            // write into handle until all bytes from buffer have been written
+            try {
+                if (isReadableStream(readableOrStreamOrBufferedStream) || isReadableBufferedStream(readableOrStreamOrBufferedStream)) {
+                    await this.doWriteStreamBufferedQueued(provider, handle, readableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
+                } else {
+                    await this.doWriteReadableBufferedQueued(provider, handle, readableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
+                }
+            } catch (error) {
+                throw ensureFileSystemProviderError(error);
+            } finally {
+
+                // close handle always
+                await provider.close(handle);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private async doWriteStreamBufferedQueued(provider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, handle: number, streamOrBufferedStream: BinaryBufferReadableStream | BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream): Promise<void> {
+        let posInFile = 0;
+        let stream: BinaryBufferReadableStream;
+
+        // Buffered stream: consume the buffer first by writing
+        // it to the target before reading from the stream.
+        if (isReadableBufferedStream(streamOrBufferedStream)) {
+            if (streamOrBufferedStream.buffer.length > 0) {
+                const chunk = BinaryBuffer.concat(streamOrBufferedStream.buffer);
+                await this.doWriteBuffer(provider, handle, chunk, chunk.byteLength, posInFile, 0);
+
+                posInFile += chunk.byteLength;
+            }
+
+            // If the stream has been consumed, return early
+            if (streamOrBufferedStream.ended) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            stream = streamOrBufferedStream.stream;
+        }
+
+        // Unbuffered stream - just take as is
+        else {
+            stream = streamOrBufferedStream;
+        }
+
+        return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => {
+
+            stream.on('data', async chunk => {
+
+                // pause stream to perform async write operation
+                stream.pause();
+
+                try {
+                    await this.doWriteBuffer(provider, handle, chunk, chunk.byteLength, posInFile, 0);
+                } catch (error) {
+                    return reject(error);
+                }
+
+                posInFile += chunk.byteLength;
+
+                // resume stream now that we have successfully written
+                // run this on the next tick to prevent increasing the
+                // execution stack because resume() may call the event
+                // handler again before finishing.
+                setTimeout(() => stream.resume());
+            });
+
+            stream.on('error', error => reject(error));
+            stream.on('end', () => resolve());
+        });
+    }
+
+    private async doWriteReadableBufferedQueued(provider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, handle: number, readable: BinaryBufferReadable): Promise<void> {
+        let posInFile = 0;
+
+        let chunk: BinaryBuffer | null;
+        while ((chunk = readable.read()) !== null) {
+            await this.doWriteBuffer(provider, handle, chunk, chunk.byteLength, posInFile, 0);
+
+            posInFile += chunk.byteLength;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async doWriteBuffer(provider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, handle: number, buffer: BinaryBuffer, length: number, posInFile: number, posInBuffer: number): Promise<void> {
+        let totalBytesWritten = 0;
+        while (totalBytesWritten < length) {
+            const bytesWritten = await provider.write(handle, posInFile + totalBytesWritten, buffer.buffer, posInBuffer + totalBytesWritten, length - totalBytesWritten);
+            totalBytesWritten += bytesWritten;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async doWriteUnbuffered(provider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, resource: URI, bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream: BinaryBuffer | BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream | BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream): Promise<void> {
+        return this.ensureWriteQueue(provider, resource, () => this.doWriteUnbufferedQueued(provider, resource, bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream));
+    }
+
+    private async doWriteUnbufferedQueued(provider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, resource: URI, bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream: BinaryBuffer | BinaryBufferReadable | BinaryBufferReadableStream | BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream): Promise<void> {
+        let buffer: BinaryBuffer;
+        if (bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream instanceof BinaryBuffer) {
+            buffer = bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream;
+        } else if (isReadableStream(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream)) {
+            buffer = await BinaryBufferReadableStream.toBuffer(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
+        } else if (isReadableBufferedStream(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream)) {
+            buffer = await BinaryBufferReadableBufferedStream.toBuffer(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
+        } else {
+            buffer = BinaryBufferReadable.toBuffer(bufferOrReadableOrStreamOrBufferedStream);
+        }
+
+        return provider.writeFile(resource, buffer.buffer, { create: true, overwrite: true });
+    }
+
+    private async doPipeBuffered(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
+        return this.ensureWriteQueue(targetProvider, target, () => this.doPipeBufferedQueued(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target));
+    }
+
+    private async doPipeBufferedQueued(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
+        let sourceHandle: number | undefined = undefined;
+        let targetHandle: number | undefined = undefined;
+
+        try {
+
+            // Open handles
+            sourceHandle = await sourceProvider.open(source, { create: false });
+            targetHandle = await targetProvider.open(target, { create: true });
+
+            const buffer = BinaryBuffer.alloc(this.BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+            let posInFile = 0;
+            let posInBuffer = 0;
+            let bytesRead = 0;
+            do {
+                // read from source (sourceHandle) at current position (posInFile) into buffer (buffer) at
+                // buffer position (posInBuffer) up to the size of the buffer (buffer.byteLength).
+                bytesRead = await sourceProvider.read(sourceHandle, posInFile, buffer.buffer, posInBuffer, buffer.byteLength - posInBuffer);
+
+                // write into target (targetHandle) at current position (posInFile) from buffer (buffer) at
+                // buffer position (posInBuffer) all bytes we read (bytesRead).
+                await this.doWriteBuffer(targetProvider, targetHandle, buffer, bytesRead, posInFile, posInBuffer);
+
+                posInFile += bytesRead;
+                posInBuffer += bytesRead;
+
+                // when buffer full, fill it again from the beginning
+                if (posInBuffer === buffer.byteLength) {
+                    posInBuffer = 0;
+                }
+            } while (bytesRead > 0);
+        } catch (error) {
+            throw ensureFileSystemProviderError(error);
+        } finally {
+            await Promise.all([
+                typeof sourceHandle === 'number' ? sourceProvider.close(sourceHandle) : Promise.resolve(),
+                typeof targetHandle === 'number' ? targetProvider.close(targetHandle) : Promise.resolve(),
+            ]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async doPipeUnbuffered(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
+        return this.ensureWriteQueue(targetProvider, target, () => this.doPipeUnbufferedQueued(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target));
+    }
+
+    private async doPipeUnbufferedQueued(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
+        return targetProvider.writeFile(target, await sourceProvider.readFile(source), { create: true, overwrite: true });
+    }
+
+    private async doPipeUnbufferedToBuffered(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
+        return this.ensureWriteQueue(targetProvider, target, () => this.doPipeUnbufferedToBufferedQueued(sourceProvider, source, targetProvider, target));
+    }
+
+    private async doPipeUnbufferedToBufferedQueued(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
+
+        // Open handle
+        const targetHandle = await targetProvider.open(target, { create: true });
+
+        // Read entire buffer from source and write buffered
+        try {
+            const buffer = await sourceProvider.readFile(source);
+            await this.doWriteBuffer(targetProvider, targetHandle, BinaryBuffer.wrap(buffer), buffer.byteLength, 0, 0);
+        } catch (error) {
+            throw ensureFileSystemProviderError(error);
+        } finally {
+            await targetProvider.close(targetHandle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private async doPipeBufferedToUnbuffered(sourceProvider: FileSystemProviderWithOpenReadWriteCloseCapability, source: URI, targetProvider: FileSystemProviderWithFileReadWriteCapability, target: URI): Promise<void> {
+
+        // Read buffer via stream buffered
+        const buffer = await BinaryBufferReadableStream.toBuffer(this.readFileBuffered(sourceProvider, source, CancellationToken.None));
+
+        // Write buffer into target at once
+        await this.doWriteUnbuffered(targetProvider, target, buffer);
+    }
+
+    protected throwIfFileSystemIsReadonly<T extends FileSystemProvider>(provider: T, resource: URI): T {
+        if (provider.capabilities & FileSystemProviderCapabilities.Readonly) {
+            throw new FileOperationError(nls.localizeByDefault("Unable to modify read-only file '{0}'", this.resourceForError(resource)), FileOperationResult.FILE_PERMISSION_DENIED);
+        }
+
+        return provider;
+    }
+
+    private resourceForError(resource: URI): string {
+        return this.labelProvider.getLongName(resource);
+    }
+
+    // #endregion
+
+    // #region File operation participants
+
+    private readonly participants: FileOperationParticipant[] = [];
+
+    addFileOperationParticipant(participant: FileOperationParticipant): Disposable {
+        this.participants.push(participant);
+
+        return Disposable.create(() => {
+            const index = this.participants.indexOf(participant);
+            if (index > -1) {
+                this.participants.splice(index, 1);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    async runFileOperationParticipants(target: URI, source: URI | undefined, operation: FileOperation): Promise<void> {
+        const participantsTimeout = this.preferences['files.participants.timeout'];
+        if (participantsTimeout <= 0 || this.participants.length === 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
+
+        return this.progressService.withProgress(
+            this.progressLabel(operation),
+            'notification',
+            async () => {
+                for (const participant of this.participants) {
+                    if (cancellationTokenSource.token.isCancellationRequested) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    try {
+                        const promise = participant.participate(target, source, operation, participantsTimeout, cancellationTokenSource.token);
+                        await Promise.race([
+                            promise,
+                            timeout(participantsTimeout, cancellationTokenSource.token).then(() => cancellationTokenSource.dispose(), () => { /* no-op if cancelled */ })
+                        ]);
+                    } catch (err) {
+                        console.warn(err);
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            () => {
+                cancellationTokenSource.cancel();
+            });
+    }
+
+    private progressLabel(operation: FileOperation): string {
+        switch (operation) {
+            case FileOperation.CREATE:
+                return nls.localizeByDefault("Running 'File Create' participants...");
+            case FileOperation.MOVE:
+                return nls.localizeByDefault("Running 'File Rename' participants...");
+            case FileOperation.COPY:
+                return nls.localizeByDefault("Running 'File Copy' participants...");
+            case FileOperation.DELETE:
+                return nls.localizeByDefault("Running 'File Delete' participants...");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // #endregion
+
+    // #region encoding
+
+    protected async getWriteEncoding(resource: URI, options?: WriteEncodingOptions): Promise<ResourceEncoding> {
+        const encoding = await this.getEncodingForResource(resource, options ? options.encoding : undefined);
+        return this.encodingService.toResourceEncoding(encoding, {
+            overwriteEncoding: options?.overwriteEncoding,
+            read: async length => {
+                const buffer = await BinaryBufferReadableStream.toBuffer((await this.readFileStream(resource, { length })).value);
+                return buffer.buffer;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    protected getReadEncoding(resource: URI, options?: ReadEncodingOptions, detectedEncoding?: string): Promise<string> {
+        let preferredEncoding: string | undefined;
+
+        // Encoding passed in as option
+        if (options?.encoding) {
+            if (detectedEncoding === UTF8_with_bom && options.encoding === UTF8) {
+                preferredEncoding = UTF8_with_bom; // indicate the file has BOM if we are to resolve with UTF 8
+            } else {
+                preferredEncoding = options.encoding; // give passed in encoding highest priority
+            }
+        } else if (detectedEncoding) {
+            preferredEncoding = detectedEncoding;
+        }
+
+        return this.getEncodingForResource(resource, preferredEncoding);
+    }
+
+    protected async getEncodingForResource(resource: URI, preferredEncoding?: string): Promise<string> {
+        resource = await this.toUnderlyingResource(resource);
+        return this.encodingRegistry.getEncodingForResource(resource, preferredEncoding);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts to an underlying fs provider resource format.
+     *
+     * For example converting `user-storage` resources to `file` resources under a user home:
+     * user-storage:/user/settings.json => file://home/.theia/settings.json
+     */
+    async toUnderlyingResource(resource: URI): Promise<URI> {
+        let provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
+        while (provider instanceof DelegatingFileSystemProvider) {
+            resource = provider.toUnderlyingResource(resource);
+            provider = await this.withProvider(resource);
+        }
+        return resource;
+    }
+
+    // #endregion
+
+    protected handleFileWatchError(): void {
+        this.watcherErrorHandler.handleError();
+    }
+}