@testdriverai/agent 7.8.0-test.38

package/agent/lib/commands.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1684 @@
+// the actual commands to interact with the system
+const { createSDK } = require("./sdk.js");
+const vm = require("vm");
+const theme = require("./theme.js");
+
+const fs = require("fs").promises; // Using the promises version for async operations
+const { findTemplateImage } = require("./subimage/index");
+const path = require("path");
+const Jimp = require("jimp");
+const os = require("os");
+const cliProgress = require("cli-progress");
+const { createRedraw } = require("./redraw.js");
+
+const { events } = require("../events.js");
+
+/**
+ * Helper to detect if arguments are using object-based API or positional API
+ * @param {Array} args - The arguments passed to a command
+ * @param {Array<string>} knownKeys - Keys that would be present in object-based call
+ * @returns {boolean} True if using object-based API
+ */
+const isObjectArgs = (args, knownKeys) => {
+  if (args.length === 0) return false;
+  if (args.length === 1 && typeof args[0] === 'object' && args[0] !== null && !Array.isArray(args[0])) {
+    // Check if it has at least one known key
+    return knownKeys.some(key => key in args[0]);
+  }
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Error When a match is not found
+ * these should be recoverable by --heal
+ **/
+class MatchError extends Error {
+  constructor(message, fatal = false) {
+    super(message);
+    this.fatal = fatal;
+    this.attachScreenshot = true;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Error when something is wrong with th command
+ **/
+class CommandError extends Error {
+  constructor(message) {
+    super(message);
+    this.fatal = true;
+    this.attachScreenshot = false;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalize redraw options from new thresholds format or legacy format.
+ * New:    { enabled: true, thresholds: { screen: 0.05, network: true } }
+ * Legacy: { enabled: true, diffThreshold: 0.1, screenRedraw: true, networkMonitor: true }
+ * @param {Object} opts - Raw redraw options object
+ * @returns {Object} Normalised { enabled, screenRedraw, networkMonitor }
+ */
+const normalizeRedrawOpts = (opts) => {
+  if (!opts || typeof opts !== 'object') return { enabled: !!opts };
+  const result = { enabled: opts.enabled !== false };
+  if (opts.thresholds && typeof opts.thresholds === 'object') {
+    result.screenRedraw = opts.thresholds.screen !== false;
+    result.networkMonitor = !!opts.thresholds.network;
+  } else {
+    result.screenRedraw = opts.screenRedraw !== undefined ? opts.screenRedraw : true;
+    result.networkMonitor = opts.networkMonitor !== undefined ? opts.networkMonitor : false;
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Extract redraw options from command options
+ * @param {Object} options - Command options that may contain redraw settings
+ * @returns {Object} Redraw options object
+ */
+const extractRedrawOptions = (options = {}) => {
+  // Support nested redraw object (new or legacy format)
+  if (options.redraw && typeof options.redraw === 'object') {
+    return normalizeRedrawOpts(options.redraw);
+  }
+  
+  // Support flat options for convenience (legacy)
+  const redrawOpts = {};
+  if ('redrawEnabled' in options) redrawOpts.enabled = options.redrawEnabled;
+  if ('redrawScreenRedraw' in options) redrawOpts.screenRedraw = options.redrawScreenRedraw;
+  if ('redrawNetworkMonitor' in options) redrawOpts.networkMonitor = options.redrawNetworkMonitor;
+  if ('redrawDiffThreshold' in options) redrawOpts.screenRedraw = true;
+  
+  return redrawOpts;
+};
+
+// Factory function that creates commands with the provided emitter
+const createCommands = (
+  emitter,
+  system,
+  sandbox,
+  config,
+  sessionInstance,
+  getCurrentFilePath,
+  redrawThreshold = 0.01,
+  getDashcamElapsedTime = null,
+  getSoftAssertMode = () => false, // getter for soft assert mode (used by act())
+) => {
+  // Create SDK instance with emitter, config, and session
+  const sdk = createSDK(emitter, config, sessionInstance);
+  // Create redraw instance with the system - support both number and object for backward compatibility
+  const defaultRedrawOptions = typeof redrawThreshold === 'number' 
+    ? { diffThreshold: redrawThreshold }
+    : redrawThreshold;
+  const redraw = createRedraw(emitter, system, sandbox, defaultRedrawOptions);
+
+  // Helper method to resolve file paths relative to the current file
+  const resolveRelativePath = (relativePath) => {
+    // If it's already an absolute path, return as-is
+    if (path.isAbsolute(relativePath)) {
+      return relativePath;
+    }
+
+    // Get the current file path dynamically
+    const currentFilePath = getCurrentFilePath();
+
+    // For relative paths, resolve relative to the current file's directory
+    if (currentFilePath) {
+      return path.resolve(path.dirname(currentFilePath), relativePath);
+    }
+
+    // Fallback to workingDir
+    return path.resolve(config.TD_WORKING_DIR || process.cwd(), relativePath);
+  };
+
+  const niceSeconds = (ms) => {
+    return Math.round(ms / 1000);
+  };
+  
+  const delay = (t) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, t));
+
+  /**
+   * Track an interaction via HTTP API (fire-and-forget)
+   * @param {Object} data - Interaction data
+   * @param {string} data.interactionType - Type of interaction (click, type, assert, etc.)
+   * @param {string} [data.prompt] - Description/prompt for the interaction
+   * @param {Object} [data.input] - Input data (varies by interaction type)
+   * @param {Object} [data.coordinates] - Coordinates {x, y}
+   * @param {number} data.timestamp - Absolute epoch timestamp
+   * @param {number} [data.duration] - Duration in ms
+   * @param {boolean} data.success - Whether the interaction succeeded
+   * @param {string} [data.error] - Error message if failed
+   * @param {boolean} [data.cacheHit] - Whether cache was used
+   * @param {string} [data.selector] - Selector ID
+   * @param {boolean} [data.selectorUsed] - Whether selector was used
+   * @param {number} [data.confidence] - AI confidence score
+   * @param {string} [data.reasoning] - AI reasoning
+   * @param {number} [data.similarity] - Cache similarity score
+   * @param {string} [data.screenshotUrl] - S3 key for screenshot
+   * @param {boolean} [data.isSecret] - Whether interaction contains sensitive data
+   */
+  const trackInteraction = (data) => {
+    const sessionId = sessionInstance?.get();
+    if (!sessionId) return;
+
+    sdk.req("/api/v7.0.0/testdriver/interaction/track", {
+      session: sessionId,
+      type: data.interactionType,
+      coordinates: data.coordinates,
+      input: data.input,
+      prompt: data.prompt,
+      selectorUsed: data.selectorUsed,
+      selector: data.selector,
+      cacheHit: data.cacheHit,
+      status: "completed",
+      success: data.success,
+      error: data.error,
+      duration: data.duration,
+      timestamp: data.timestamp,
+      isSecret: data.isSecret,
+      confidence: data.confidence,
+      reasoning: data.reasoning,
+      similarity: data.similarity,
+      screenshotUrl: data.screenshotUrl,
+    }).catch((err) => {
+      console.warn(`Failed to track ${data.interactionType} interaction:`, err.message);
+    });
+  };
+
+  const findImageOnScreen = async (
+    relativePath,
+    haystack,
+    restrictToWindow,
+  ) => {
+    // add .png to relative path if not already there
+    if (!relativePath.endsWith(".png")) {
+      relativePath = relativePath + ".png";
+    }
+
+    let needle = relativePath;
+
+    // check if the file exists
+    if (!fs.access(needle)) {
+      throw new CommandError(
+        `Image does not exist or do not have access: ${needle}`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    const bar1 = new cliProgress.SingleBar(
+      {},
+      cliProgress.Presets.shades_classic,
+    );
+
+    let thresholds = [0.9, 0.8, 0.7];
+
+    let scaleFactors = [1, 0.5, 2, 0.75, 1.25, 1.5];
+
+    let result = null;
+    let highestThreshold = 0;
+
+    let totalOperations = thresholds.length * scaleFactors.length;
+    bar1.start(totalOperations, 0);
+
+    for (let scaleFactor of scaleFactors) {
+      let needleSize = 1 / scaleFactor;
+
+      const scaledNeedle = await Jimp.read(path.join(needle));
+      scaledNeedle.scale(needleSize);
+
+      const haystackImage = await Jimp.read(haystack);
+
+      if (
+        scaledNeedle.bitmap.width > haystackImage.bitmap.width ||
+        scaledNeedle.bitmap.height > haystackImage.bitmap.height
+      ) {
+        // Needle is larger than haystack, skip this scale factor
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const tempDir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "scaledNeedle_"));
+      const scaledNeedlePath = path.join(
+        tempDir,
+        `scaledNeedle_${needleSize}.png`,
+      );
+      await scaledNeedle.writeAsync(scaledNeedlePath);
+
+      for (let threshold of thresholds) {
+        if (threshold >= highestThreshold) {
+          let results = await findTemplateImage(
+            haystack,
+            scaledNeedlePath,
+            threshold,
+          );
+
+          // throw away any results that are not within the active window
+          let activeWindow = await system.activeWin();
+
+          // filter out text that is not in the active window
+          if (restrictToWindow) {
+            results = results.filter((el) => {
+              return (
+                el.centerX > activeWindow.bounds.x &&
+                el.centerX <
+                  activeWindow.bounds.x + activeWindow.bounds.width &&
+                el.centerY > activeWindow.bounds.y &&
+                el.centerY < activeWindow.bounds.y + activeWindow.bounds.height
+              );
+            });
+          }
+
+          if (results.length) {
+            result = { ...results[0], threshold, scaleFactor, needleSize };
+            highestThreshold = threshold;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+
+        bar1.increment();
+      }
+    }
+
+    bar1.stop();
+
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const assert = async (assertion, shouldThrow = false, options = {}) => {
+    // Log asserting action
+    const { formatter } = require("../../sdk-log-formatter.js");
+    const assertingMessage = formatter.formatAsserting(assertion);
+    emitter.emit(events.log.log, assertingMessage);
+
+    // Capture absolute timestamp at the very start of the command
+    // Frontend will calculate relative time using: timestamp - replay.clientStartDate
+    const assertTimestamp = Date.now();
+    const assertStartTime = assertTimestamp;
+    
+    // Extract cache options
+    const { threshold = 0.05, cacheKey, os, resolution, ai } = options;
+    
+    // Debug log cache settings
+    emitter.emit(
+      events.log.debug,
+      `🔍 assert() threshold: ${threshold} (cache ${threshold < 0 ? "DISABLED" : "ENABLED"}${cacheKey ? `, cacheKey: ${cacheKey.substring(0, 8)}...` : ""})`,
+    );
+    
+    // Use v7 endpoint for assert with caching support
+    let response = await sdk.req("assert", {
+      expect: assertion,
+      image: await system.captureScreenBase64(),
+      threshold,
+      cacheKey,
+      os,
+      resolution,
+      ai,
+    });
+
+    const assertDuration = Date.now() - assertStartTime;
+    
+    // Handle both old (string) and new (object) response formats
+    // New v7 API returns: { data: { passed, reasoning, content, cacheHit... }, cacheHit, similarity }
+    // Old API returns: { data: "The task passed/failed..." }
+    let passed;
+    let responseText;
+    let cacheHit = false;
+    let similarity = null;
+    
+    let confidence = null;
+    let reasoning = null;
+
+    if (typeof response.data === 'object' && response.data !== null) {
+      // New structured response
+      passed = response.data.passed;
+      responseText = response.data.content || response.data.reasoning || '';
+      cacheHit = response.cacheHit || response.data.cacheHit || false;
+      similarity = response.similarity || response.data.cacheSimilarity;
+      confidence = response.confidence != null ? response.confidence : (response.data.confidence != null ? response.data.confidence : null);
+      reasoning = response.data.reasoning || null;
+    } else {
+      // Old string response (backward compatibility)
+      responseText = response.data || '';
+      passed = responseText.indexOf("The task passed") > -1;
+    }
+    
+    // Log the result with cache info
+    emitter.emit(events.log.narration, formatter.formatAssertResult(passed, responseText, assertDuration, cacheHit), true);
+    
+    // Track interaction with success/failure (fire-and-forget)
+    trackInteraction({
+      interactionType: "assert",
+      prompt: assertion,
+      timestamp: assertTimestamp,
+      duration: assertDuration,
+      success: passed,
+      error: passed ? undefined : responseText,
+      cacheHit: cacheHit,
+      confidence: confidence,
+      reasoning: reasoning,
+      similarity: similarity,
+      screenshotUrl: response?.screenshotKey ?? null,
+    });
+    
+    if (passed) {
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      if (shouldThrow) {
+        // Is fatal, otherwise it just changes the assertion to be true
+        const errorMessage = `AI Assertion failed: ${assertion}\n${responseText}`;
+        throw new MatchError(errorMessage, true);
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Scroll the screen in a direction
+   * @param {string} [direction='down'] - Direction to scroll ('up', 'down', 'left', 'right')
+   * @param {Object} [options] - Additional options
+   * @param {number} [options.amount=300] - Amount to scroll in pixels
+   * @param {Object} [options.redraw] - Redraw detection options
+   * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.enabled=true] - Enable/disable redraw detection
+   * @param {Object} [options.redraw.thresholds] - Threshold configuration
+   * @param {number|boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.screen=0.05] - Screen diff threshold (false to disable)
+   * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.network=false] - Enable/disable network monitoring
+   */
+  const scroll = async (direction = 'down', options = {}) => {
+    // Capture absolute timestamp at the very start of the command
+    // Frontend will calculate relative time using: timestamp - replay.clientStartDate
+    const scrollTimestamp = Date.now();
+    const scrollStartTime = scrollTimestamp;
+    // Convert number to object format
+    if (typeof options === 'number') {
+      options = { amount: options };
+    }
+    
+    let { amount = 300 } = options;
+    const redrawOptions = extractRedrawOptions(options);
+
+    await redraw.start(redrawOptions);
+
+    amount = parseInt(amount, 10);
+
+    const before = await system.captureScreenBase64();
+    let scrollSuccess = true;
+    let scrollError;
+    let actionEndTime;
+    
+    try {
+      switch (direction) {
+        case "up":
+          await sandbox.send({
+            type: "scroll",
+            amount,
+            direction,
+          });
+          actionEndTime = Date.now();
+          break;
+        case "down":
+          await sandbox.send({
+            type: "scroll",
+            amount,
+            direction,
+          });
+          actionEndTime = Date.now();
+          break;
+        case "left":
+          console.error("Not Supported");
+          scrollSuccess = false;
+          scrollError = "Left scroll not supported";
+          break;
+        case "right":
+          console.error("Not Supported");
+          scrollSuccess = false;
+          scrollError = "Right scroll not supported";
+          break;
+        default:
+          scrollSuccess = false;
+          scrollError = "Direction not found";
+          throw new CommandError("Direction not found");
+      }
+      
+      const actionDuration = actionEndTime ? actionEndTime - scrollStartTime : Date.now() - scrollStartTime;
+      
+      // Log nested scroll action completion
+      const { formatter } = require("../../sdk-log-formatter.js");
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        formatter.formatScrollResult(direction, amount, actionDuration),
+        true,
+      );
+      
+      // Wait for redraw and track duration
+      // Increase timeout for scroll operations as they can take 1-2 seconds to complete
+      const redrawStartTime = Date.now();
+      await redraw.wait(5000, redrawOptions);
+      const redrawDuration = Date.now() - redrawStartTime;
+      
+      const after = await system.captureScreenBase64();
+
+      if (before === after) {
+        emitter.emit(
+          events.log.warn,
+          "Attempted to scroll, but the screen did not change.  You may need to click a non-interactive element to focus the scrollable area first.",
+        );
+      }
+      
+      // Log nested redraw completion
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        formatter.formatRedrawComplete(redrawDuration),
+        true,
+      );
+      
+      // Track interaction success (fire-and-forget)
+      const scrollDuration = Date.now() - scrollStartTime;
+      trackInteraction({
+        interactionType: "scroll",
+        input: { direction, amount },
+        timestamp: scrollTimestamp,
+        duration: scrollDuration,
+        success: scrollSuccess,
+        error: scrollError,
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Track interaction failure (fire-and-forget)
+      const scrollDuration = Date.now() - scrollStartTime;
+      trackInteraction({
+        interactionType: "scroll",
+        input: { direction, amount },
+        timestamp: scrollTimestamp,
+        duration: scrollDuration,
+        success: false,
+        error: error.message,
+      });
+      throw error;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Perform a mouse click action
+   * @param {Object|number} options - Options object or x coordinate (for backward compatibility)
+   * @param {number} options.x - X coordinate
+   * @param {number} options.y - Y coordinate
+   * @param {string} [options.action='click'] - Click action ('click', 'right-click', 'double-click', 'hover', 'mouseDown', 'mouseUp')
+   * @param {string} [options.prompt] - Prompt for tracking
+   * @param {boolean} [options.cacheHit] - Whether cache was hit
+   * @param {string} [options.selector] - Selector used
+   * @param {boolean} [options.selectorUsed] - Whether selector was used
+   * @param {Object} [options.redraw] - Redraw detection options
+   * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.enabled=true] - Enable/disable redraw detection
+   * @param {Object} [options.redraw.thresholds] - Threshold configuration
+   * @param {number|boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.screen=0.05] - Screen diff threshold (false to disable)
+   * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.network=false] - Enable/disable network monitoring
+   */
+  const click = async (...args) => {
+    // Capture absolute timestamp at the very start of the command
+    // Frontend will calculate relative time using: timestamp - replay.clientStartDate
+    const clickTimestamp = Date.now();
+    const clickStartTime = clickTimestamp;
+    let x, y, action, elementData, redrawOptions;
+    
+    // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+    if (isObjectArgs(args, ['x', 'y', 'action', 'prompt', 'cacheHit', 'selector'])) {
+      const { x: xPos, y: yPos, action: actionArg = 'click', redraw: redrawOpts, ...rest } = args[0];
+      x = xPos;
+      y = yPos;
+      action = actionArg;
+      elementData = rest;
+      redrawOptions = extractRedrawOptions({ redraw: redrawOpts, ...rest });
+    } else {
+      // Legacy positional: click(x, y, action, elementData)
+      [x, y, action = 'click', elementData = {}] = args;
+      redrawOptions = extractRedrawOptions(elementData);
+    }
+    
+    try {
+      await redraw.start(redrawOptions);
+
+      let button = "left";
+      let double = false;
+
+      if (action === "right-click") {
+        button = "right";
+      }
+      if (action === "double-click") {
+        double = true;
+      }
+
+      // Show nested action details
+      const actionText = action.split("-").join("");
+      const clickActionLogStart = Date.now();
+
+      x = parseInt(x);
+      y = parseInt(y);
+
+      // Add absolute timestamp for sandbox events
+      elementData.timestamp = Date.now();
+
+      // Update the action log with duration
+      const clickMoveEndTime = Date.now();
+      const { formatter } = require("../../sdk-log-formatter.js");
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        formatter.formatClickResult(button, x, y, clickMoveEndTime - clickActionLogStart),
+        true,
+      );
+
+      if (action !== "hover") {
+        // Update timestamp for the actual click action
+        elementData.timestamp = Date.now();
+        
+
+        if (action === "click" || action === "left-click") {
+          await sandbox.send({ type: "leftClick", x, y, ...elementData });
+        } else if (action === "right-click") {
+          await sandbox.send({ type: "rightClick", x, y, ...elementData });
+        } else if (action === "middle-click") {
+          await sandbox.send({ type: "middleClick", x, y, ...elementData });
+        } else if (action === "double-click") {
+          await sandbox.send({ type: "doubleClick", x, y, ...elementData });
+        } else if (action === "mouseDown") {
+          await sandbox.send({ type: "mousePress", button: "left", x, y, ...elementData });
+        } else if (action === "mouseUp") {
+          // Move first to create drag motion, then release
+          // (pyautogui.mouseUp with x/y teleports instead of dragging)
+          await sandbox.send({ type: "moveMouse", x, y, ...elementData });
+          await sandbox.send({
+            type: "mouseRelease",
+            button: "left",
+            ...elementData
+          });
+        }
+
+        emitter.emit(events.mouseClick, { x, y, button, click, double });
+        
+        // Track action duration (before redraw wait)
+        const actionEndTime = Date.now();
+        const actionDuration = actionEndTime - clickStartTime;
+        
+        // Track interaction (fire-and-forget)
+        if (elementData.prompt) {
+          trackInteraction({
+            interactionType: "click",
+            prompt: elementData.prompt,
+            input: { x, y, action },
+            timestamp: clickTimestamp,
+            duration: actionDuration,
+            success: true,
+            cacheHit: elementData.cacheHit,
+            selector: elementData.selector,
+            selectorUsed: elementData.selectorUsed,
+            confidence: elementData.confidence ?? null,
+            reasoning: elementData.reasoning ?? null,
+            similarity: elementData.similarity ?? null,
+            screenshotUrl: elementData.screenshotUrl ?? null,
+          });
+        }
+        
+        // Wait for redraw and track duration
+        const redrawStartTime = Date.now();
+        await redraw.wait(5000, redrawOptions);
+        const redrawDuration = Date.now() - redrawStartTime;
+        
+        // Log nested redraw completion
+        emitter.emit(
+          events.log.narration,
+          formatter.formatRedrawComplete(redrawDuration),
+          true,
+        );
+      } else {
+        // For hover action (within click function)
+        const redrawStartTime = Date.now();
+        await redraw.wait(5000, redrawOptions);
+        const redrawDuration = Date.now() - redrawStartTime;
+        const actionDuration = Date.now() - clickStartTime - redrawDuration;
+        
+        // Log nested redraw completion
+        emitter.emit(
+          events.log.narration,
+          formatter.formatRedrawComplete(redrawDuration),
+          true,
+        );
+      }
+
+      return;
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Track interaction failure (fire-and-forget)
+      if (elementData.prompt) {
+        const clickDuration = Date.now() - clickStartTime;
+        trackInteraction({
+          interactionType: "click",
+          prompt: elementData.prompt,
+          input: { x, y, action },
+          timestamp: clickTimestamp,
+          duration: clickDuration,
+          success: false,
+          error: error.message,
+          cacheHit: elementData.cacheHit,
+          selector: elementData.selector,
+          selectorUsed: elementData.selectorUsed,
+          confidence: elementData.confidence ?? null,
+          reasoning: elementData.reasoning ?? null,
+          similarity: elementData.similarity ?? null,
+        });
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Hover at coordinates
+   * @param {Object|number} options - Options object or x coordinate (for backward compatibility)
+   * @param {number} options.x - X coordinate
+   * @param {number} options.y - Y coordinate
+   * @param {string} [options.prompt] - Prompt for tracking
+   * @param {boolean} [options.cacheHit] - Whether cache was hit
+   * @param {string} [options.selector] - Selector used
+   * @param {boolean} [options.selectorUsed] - Whether selector was used
+   */
+  const hover = async (...args) => {
+    // Capture absolute timestamp at the very start of the command
+    // Frontend will calculate relative time using: timestamp - replay.clientStartDate
+    const hoverTimestamp = Date.now();
+    const hoverStartTime = hoverTimestamp;
+    let x, y, elementData, redrawOptions;
+    
+    // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+    if (isObjectArgs(args, ['x', 'y', 'prompt', 'cacheHit', 'selector'])) {
+      const { x: xPos, y: yPos, redraw: redrawOpts, ...rest } = args[0];
+      x = xPos;
+      y = yPos;
+      elementData = rest;
+      redrawOptions = extractRedrawOptions({ redraw: redrawOpts, ...rest });
+    } else {
+      // Legacy positional: hover(x, y, elementData)
+      [x, y, elementData = {}] = args;
+      redrawOptions = extractRedrawOptions(elementData);
+    }
+    
+    try {
+      emitter.emit(events.log.narration, theme.dim(`hovering at ${x}, ${y}...`));
+
+      await redraw.start(redrawOptions);
+
+      x = parseInt(x);
+      y = parseInt(y);
+
+      // Add absolute timestamp for sandbox events
+      elementData.timestamp = Date.now();
+
+      await sandbox.send({ type: "moveMouse", x, y, ...elementData });
+
+      // Track interaction (fire-and-forget)
+      const actionEndTime = Date.now();
+      const actionDuration = actionEndTime - hoverStartTime;
+      
+      if (elementData.prompt) {
+        trackInteraction({
+          interactionType: "hover",
+          prompt: elementData.prompt,
+          input: { x, y },
+          timestamp: hoverTimestamp,
+          duration: actionDuration,
+          success: true,
+          cacheHit: elementData.cacheHit,
+          selector: elementData.selector,
+          selectorUsed: elementData.selectorUsed,
+          confidence: elementData.confidence ?? null,
+          reasoning: elementData.reasoning ?? null,
+          similarity: elementData.similarity ?? null,
+          screenshotUrl: elementData.screenshotUrl ?? null,
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Wait for redraw and track duration
+      const redrawStartTime = Date.now();
+      await redraw.wait(2500, redrawOptions);
+      const redrawDuration = Date.now() - redrawStartTime;
+      
+      // Log action completion with separate durations
+      const { formatter } = require("../../sdk-log-formatter.js");
+      const completionMessage = formatter.formatActionComplete("hover", elementData.prompt, {
+        actionDuration,
+        redrawDuration,
+        cacheHit: elementData.cacheHit,
+      });
+      emitter.emit(events.log.log, completionMessage);
+
+      return;
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Track interaction failure (fire-and-forget)
+      if (elementData.prompt) {
+        const hoverDuration = Date.now() - hoverStartTime;
+        trackInteraction({
+          interactionType: "hover",
+          prompt: elementData.prompt,
+          input: { x, y },
+          timestamp: hoverTimestamp,
+          duration: hoverDuration,
+          success: false,
+          error: error.message,
+          cacheHit: elementData.cacheHit,
+          selector: elementData.selector,
+          selectorUsed: elementData.selectorUsed,
+          confidence: elementData.confidence ?? null,
+          reasoning: elementData.reasoning ?? null,
+          similarity: elementData.similarity ?? null,
+          screenshotUrl: elementData.screenshotUrl ?? null,
+        });
+      }
+      throw error;
+    }
+  };
+
+  let commands = {
+    scroll: scroll,
+    click: click,
+    hover: hover,
+    /**
+     * Hover over text on screen
+     * @param {Object|string} options - Options object or description (for backward compatibility)
+     * @param {string} options.description - Description of the element to find
+     * @param {string} [options.action='click'] - Action to perform
+     * @param {number} [options.timeout=5000] - Timeout in milliseconds
+     */
+    "hover-text": async (...args) => {
+      let description, text, action, timeout;
+      
+      // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+      if (isObjectArgs(args, ['description', 'text', 'action', 'timeout'])) {
+        ({ description, text, action = 'click', timeout = 5000 } = args[0]);
+      } else {
+        // Legacy positional: hoverText(description, action, timeout)
+        [description, action = 'click', timeout = 5000] = args;
+      }
+      
+      // Use text if provided, otherwise fall back to description
+      // This handles both the new spec (text + description) and legacy usage (just description)
+      description = text || description;
+      
+      if (!description) {
+        throw new CommandError("hover-text requires either a text or description parameter");
+      }
+      
+      description = description.toString();
+      
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        theme.dim(`searching for "${description}"...`),
+      );
+
+      // wait for the text to appear on screen
+      await commands["wait-for-text"]({ text: description, timeout });
+
+      emitter.emit(events.log.narration, theme.dim("thinking..."), true);
+
+      let response = await sdk.req("find", {
+        element: description,
+        image: await system.captureScreenBase64(),
+      });
+
+      if (!response || !response.coordinates) {
+        throw new MatchError("No text on screen matches description");
+      }
+
+      // Perform the action using the located coordinates
+      if (action === "hover") {
+        await commands.hover({ x: response.coordinates.x, y: response.coordinates.y });
+      } else {
+        await click({ x: response.coordinates.x, y: response.coordinates.y, action });
+      }
+
+      return response;
+    },
+    /**
+     * Hover over an image on screen
+     * @param {Object|string} options - Options object or description (for backward compatibility)
+     * @param {string} options.description - Description of the image to find
+     * @param {string} [options.action='click'] - Action to perform
+     */
+    "hover-image": async (...args) => {
+      let description, action;
+      
+      // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+      if (isObjectArgs(args, ['description', 'action'])) {
+        ({ description, action = 'click' } = args[0]);
+      } else {
+        // Legacy positional: hoverImage(description, action)
+        [description, action = 'click'] = args;
+      }
+      
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        theme.dim(`searching for image: "${description}"...`),
+      );
+
+      let response = await sdk.req("find", {
+        element: description,
+        image: await system.captureScreenBase64(),
+      });
+
+      if (!response || !response.coordinates) {
+        throw new MatchError("No image or icon on screen matches description");
+      }
+
+      // Perform the action using the located coordinates
+      if (action === "hover") {
+        await commands.hover({ x: response.coordinates.x, y: response.coordinates.y });
+      } else {
+        await click({ x: response.coordinates.x, y: response.coordinates.y, action });
+      }
+
+      return response;
+    },
+    /**
+     * Match and interact with an image template
+     * @param {Object|string} options - Options object or path (for backward compatibility)
+     * @param {string} options.path - Path to the image template
+     * @param {string} [options.action='click'] - Action to perform
+     * @param {boolean} [options.invert=false] - Invert the match
+     */
+    "match-image": async (...args) => {
+      let relativePath, action, invert;
+      
+      // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+      if (isObjectArgs(args, ['path', 'action', 'invert'])) {
+        ({ path: relativePath, action = 'click', invert = false } = args[0]);
+      } else {
+        // Legacy positional: matchImage(relativePath, action, invert)
+        [relativePath, action = 'click', invert = false] = args;
+      }
+      
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        theme.dim(`${action} on image template "${relativePath}"...`),
+      );
+
+      // Resolve the image path relative to the current file
+      const resolvedPath = resolveRelativePath(relativePath);
+
+      let image = await system.captureScreenPNG();
+
+      let result = await findImageOnScreen(resolvedPath, image);
+
+      if (invert) {
+        result = !result;
+      }
+
+      if (!result) {
+        throw new CommandError(`Image not found: ${resolvedPath}`);
+      } else {
+        if (action === "click") {
+          await click({ x: result.centerX, y: result.centerY, action });
+        } else if (action === "hover") {
+          await hover({ x: result.centerX, y: result.centerY });
+        }
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    },
+    /**
+     * Type text
+     * @param {string|number} text - Text to type
+     * @param {Object} [options] - Additional options
+     * @param {number} [options.delay=250] - Delay between keystrokes in milliseconds
+     * @param {boolean} [options.secret=false] - If true, text is treated as sensitive (not logged or stored)
+     * @param {Object} [options.redraw] - Redraw detection options
+     * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.enabled=true] - Enable/disable redraw detection
+     * @param {Object} [options.redraw.thresholds] - Threshold configuration
+     * @param {number|boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.screen=0.05] - Screen diff threshold (false to disable)
+     * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.network=false] - Enable/disable network monitoring
+     */
+    "type": async (text, options = {}) => {
+      const { formatter } = require("../../sdk-log-formatter.js");
+      // Capture absolute timestamp at the very start of the command
+      // Frontend will calculate relative time using: timestamp - replay.clientStartDate
+      const typeTimestamp = Date.now();
+      const typeStartTime = typeTimestamp;
+      const { delay = 250, secret = false, redraw: redrawOpts, ...elementData } = options;
+      const redrawOptions = extractRedrawOptions({ redraw: redrawOpts, ...options });
+      
+      // Validate that text parameter is provided
+      if (text === undefined || text === null) {
+        throw new CommandError("type() requires a text parameter. Received: " + text);
+      }
+      
+      // Log parent action with text
+      if (secret) {
+        emitter.emit(events.log.narration, formatter.getPrefix("type") + " " + theme.yellow.bold("Type") + " " + theme.dim(`secret "****"`));
+      } else {
+        emitter.emit(events.log.narration, formatter.getPrefix("type") + " " + theme.yellow.bold("Type") + " " + theme.cyan(`"${text}"`));
+      }
+
+      await redraw.start(redrawOptions);
+
+      text = text.toString();
+
+      // Add absolute timestamp for sandbox events
+      elementData.timestamp = Date.now();
+
+      // Actually type the text in the sandbox
+      await sandbox.send({ type: "write", text, delay, ...elementData });
+      
+      // Update the action log with duration
+      const typeActionEndTime = Date.now();
+      emitter.emit(events.log.narration, formatter.formatTypeResult(text, secret, typeActionEndTime - typeStartTime), true);
+      
+      // Track interaction (fire-and-forget)
+      const typeDuration = Date.now() - typeStartTime;
+      trackInteraction({
+        interactionType: "type",
+        // Store masked text if secret, otherwise store actual text
+        input: { text: secret ? "****" : text, delay },
+        timestamp: typeTimestamp,
+        duration: typeDuration,
+        success: true,
+        isSecret: secret, // Flag this interaction if it contains a secret
+      });
+      
+      const redrawStartTime = Date.now();
+      await redraw.wait(5000, redrawOptions);
+      const redrawDuration = Date.now() - redrawStartTime;
+      
+      // Log nested redraw completion
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        formatter.formatRedrawComplete(redrawDuration),
+        true,
+      );
+      
+      return;
+    },
+    /**
+     * Press keyboard keys
+     * @param {Array} keys - Array of keys to press
+     * @param {Object} [options] - Additional options
+     * @param {Object} [options.redraw] - Redraw detection options
+     * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.enabled=true] - Enable/disable redraw detection
+     * @param {Object} [options.redraw.thresholds] - Threshold configuration
+     * @param {number|boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.screen=0.05] - Screen diff threshold (false to disable)
+     * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.network=false] - Enable/disable network monitoring
+     */
+    "press-keys": async (keys, options = {}) => {
+      const { formatter } = require("../../sdk-log-formatter.js");
+      // Capture absolute timestamp at the very start of the command
+      // Frontend will calculate relative time using: timestamp - replay.clientStartDate
+      const pressKeysTimestamp = Date.now();
+      const pressKeysStartTime = pressKeysTimestamp;
+      const redrawOptions = extractRedrawOptions(options);
+      const keysDisplay = Array.isArray(keys) ? keys.join(", ") : keys;
+      
+      // Log parent action
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        formatter.getPrefix("pressKeys") + " " + theme.yellow.bold("PressKeys") + " " + theme.cyan(`${keysDisplay}`),
+      );
+
+      await redraw.start(redrawOptions);
+
+      // Log nested action details
+      const pressKeysActionLogStart = Date.now();
+
+      // finally, press the keys
+      await sandbox.send({ type: "press", keys });
+      
+      // Update the action log with duration
+      const pressKeysActionEndTime = Date.now();
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        formatter.formatPressKeysResult(keysDisplay, pressKeysActionEndTime - pressKeysActionLogStart),
+        true,
+      );
+      
+      // Track interaction (fire-and-forget)
+      const pressKeysDuration = Date.now() - pressKeysStartTime;
+      trackInteraction({
+        interactionType: "pressKeys",
+        input: { keys },
+        timestamp: pressKeysTimestamp,
+        duration: pressKeysDuration,
+        success: true,
+      });
+
+      const redrawStartTime = Date.now();
+      await redraw.wait(5000, redrawOptions);
+      const redrawDuration = Date.now() - redrawStartTime;
+      
+      // Log nested redraw completion
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        formatter.formatRedrawComplete(redrawDuration),
+        true,
+      );
+
+      return;
+    },
+    /**
+     * Wait for specified time
+     * @param {number} [timeout=3000] - Time to wait in milliseconds
+     * @param {Object} [options] - Additional options (reserved for future use)
+     */
+    "wait": async (timeout = 3000, options = {}) => {
+      // Capture absolute timestamp at the very start of the command
+      // Frontend will calculate relative time using: timestamp - replay.clientStartDate
+      const waitTimestamp = Date.now();
+      const waitStartTime = waitTimestamp;
+      emitter.emit(events.log.narration, theme.dim(`waiting ${timeout}ms...`));
+      const result = await delay(timeout);
+      
+      // Track interaction (fire-and-forget)
+      const waitDuration = Date.now() - waitStartTime;
+      trackInteraction({
+        interactionType: "wait",
+        input: { timeout },
+        timestamp: waitTimestamp,
+        duration: waitDuration,
+        success: true,
+      });
+      
+      return result;
+    },
+    /**
+     * Wait for image to appear on screen
+     * @param {Object|string} options - Options object or description (for backward compatibility)
+     * @param {string} options.description - Description of the image
+     * @param {number} [options.timeout=10000] - Timeout in milliseconds
+     */
+    "wait-for-image": async (...args) => {
+      // Capture absolute timestamp at the very start of the command
+      // Frontend will calculate relative time using: timestamp - replay.clientStartDate
+      const waitForImageTimestamp = Date.now();
+      let description, timeout;
+      
+      // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+      if (isObjectArgs(args, ['description', 'timeout'])) {
+        ({ description, timeout = 10000 } = args[0]);
+      } else {
+        // Legacy positional: waitForImage(description, timeout)
+        [description, timeout = 10000] = args;
+      }
+      
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        theme.dim(
+          `waiting for an image matching description "${description}"...`,
+        ),
+        true,
+      );
+
+      let startTime = new Date().getTime();
+      let durationPassed = 0;
+      let passed = false;
+
+      while (durationPassed < timeout && !passed) {
+        passed = await assert(
+          `An image matching the description "${description}" appears on screen.`,
+          false,
+        );
+
+        durationPassed = new Date().getTime() - startTime;
+        if (!passed) {
+          emitter.emit(
+            events.log.narration,
+            theme.dim(
+              `${niceSeconds(durationPassed)} seconds have passed without finding an image matching the description "${description}"`,
+            ),
+            true,
+          );
+          await delay(2500);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (passed) {
+        emitter.emit(
+          events.log.narration,
+          theme.dim(
+            `An image matching the description \"${description}\" found!`,
+          ),
+          true,
+        );
+        
+        // Track interaction success (fire-and-forget)
+        const waitForImageDuration = Date.now() - startTime;
+        trackInteraction({
+          interactionType: "waitForImage",
+          prompt: description,
+          input: { timeout },
+          timestamp: waitForImageTimestamp,
+          duration: waitForImageDuration,
+          success: true,
+        });
+        
+        return;
+      } else {
+        // Track interaction failure (fire-and-forget)
+        const errorMsg = `Timed out (${niceSeconds(timeout)} seconds) while searching for an image matching the description \"${description}\"`;
+        const waitForImageDuration = Date.now() - startTime;
+        trackInteraction({
+          interactionType: "waitForImage",
+          prompt: description,
+          input: { timeout },
+          timestamp: waitForImageTimestamp,
+          duration: waitForImageDuration,
+          success: false,
+          error: errorMsg,
+        });
+        
+        throw new MatchError(errorMsg);
+      }
+    },
+    /**
+     * Wait for text to appear on screen
+     * @param {Object|string} options - Options object or text (for backward compatibility)
+     * @param {string} options.text - Text to wait for
+     * @param {number} [options.timeout=5000] - Timeout in milliseconds
+     * @param {Object} [options.redraw] - Redraw detection options
+     * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.enabled=true] - Enable/disable redraw detection
+     * @param {Object} [options.redraw.thresholds] - Threshold configuration
+     * @param {number|boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.screen=0.05] - Screen diff threshold (false to disable)
+     * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.network=false] - Enable/disable network monitoring
+     */
+    "wait-for-text": async (...args) => {
+      // Capture absolute timestamp at the very start of the command
+      // Frontend will calculate relative time using: timestamp - replay.clientStartDate
+      const waitForTextTimestamp = Date.now();
+      let text, timeout, redrawOptions;
+      
+      // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+      if (isObjectArgs(args, ['text', 'timeout'])) {
+        const { redraw: redrawOpts, ...rest } = args[0];
+        ({ text, timeout = 5000 } = rest);
+        redrawOptions = extractRedrawOptions({ redraw: redrawOpts, ...rest });
+      } else {
+        // Legacy positional: waitForText(text, timeout)
+        [text, timeout = 5000] = args;
+        redrawOptions = {};
+      }
+      
+      await redraw.start(redrawOptions);
+
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        theme.dim(`waiting for text: "${text}"...`),
+        true,
+      );
+
+      let startTime = new Date().getTime();
+      let durationPassed = 0;
+
+      let passed = false;
+
+      while (durationPassed < timeout && !passed) {
+        const response = await sdk.req("find", {
+          element: text,
+          image: await system.captureScreenBase64(),
+        });
+
+        passed = !!(response && response.coordinates);
+
+        durationPassed = new Date().getTime() - startTime;
+
+        if (!passed) {
+          emitter.emit(
+            events.log.narration,
+            theme.dim(
+              `${niceSeconds(durationPassed)} seconds have passed without finding "${text}"`,
+            ),
+            true,
+          );
+          await delay(2500);
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (passed) {
+        emitter.emit(events.log.narration, theme.dim(`"${text}" found!`), true);
+        
+        // Track interaction success (fire-and-forget)
+        const waitForTextDuration = Date.now() - startTime;
+        trackInteraction({
+          interactionType: "waitForText",
+          prompt: text,
+          input: { timeout },
+          timestamp: waitForTextTimestamp,
+          duration: waitForTextDuration,
+          success: true,
+        });
+        
+        return;
+      } else {
+        // Track interaction failure (fire-and-forget)
+        const errorMsg = `Timed out (${niceSeconds(timeout)} seconds) while searching for "${text}"`;
+        const waitForTextDuration = Date.now() - startTime;
+        trackInteraction({
+          interactionType: "waitForText",
+          prompt: text,
+          input: { timeout },
+          timestamp: waitForTextTimestamp,
+          duration: waitForTextDuration,
+          success: false,
+          error: errorMsg,
+        });
+        
+        throw new MatchError(errorMsg);
+      }
+    },
+    /**
+     * Scroll until text is found
+     * @param {Object|string} options - Options object or text (for backward compatibility)
+     * @param {string} options.text - Text to find
+     * @param {string} [options.direction='down'] - Scroll direction
+     * @param {number} [options.maxDistance=10000] - Maximum distance to scroll in pixels
+     * @param {boolean} [options.invert=false] - Invert the match
+     * @param {Object} [options.redraw] - Redraw detection options
+     * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.enabled=true] - Enable/disable redraw detection
+     * @param {Object} [options.redraw.thresholds] - Threshold configuration
+     * @param {number|boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.screen=0.05] - Screen diff threshold (false to disable)
+     * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.network=false] - Enable/disable network monitoring
+     */
+    "scroll-until-text": async (...args) => {
+      let text, direction, maxDistance, invert, redrawOptions;
+      
+      // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+      if (isObjectArgs(args, ['text', 'direction', 'maxDistance', 'invert'])) {
+        const { redraw: redrawOpts, ...rest } = args[0];
+        ({ text, direction = 'down', maxDistance = 10000, invert = false } = rest);
+        redrawOptions = extractRedrawOptions({ redraw: redrawOpts, ...rest });
+      } else {
+        // Legacy positional: scrollUntilText(text, direction, maxDistance, invert)
+        [text, direction = 'down', maxDistance = 10000, invert = false] = args;
+        redrawOptions = {};
+      }
+      
+      await redraw.start(redrawOptions);
+
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        theme.dim(`scrolling for text: "${text}"...`),
+        true,
+      );
+
+      let scrollDistance = 0;
+      let incrementDistance = 500;
+      let passed = false;
+
+      while (scrollDistance <= maxDistance && !passed) {
+        const response = await sdk.req("find", {
+          element: text,
+          image: await system.captureScreenBase64(),
+        });
+
+        passed = !!(response && response.coordinates);
+
+        if (invert) {
+          passed = !passed;
+        }
+
+        if (!passed) {
+          emitter.emit(
+            events.log.narration,
+            theme.dim(
+              `scrolling ${direction} ${incrementDistance}px. ${scrollDistance + incrementDistance}/${maxDistance}px scrolled...`,
+            ),
+            true,
+          );
+          await scroll(direction, { amount: incrementDistance });
+          scrollDistance = scrollDistance + incrementDistance;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (passed) {
+        emitter.emit(events.log.narration, theme.dim(`"${text}" found!`), true);
+        return;
+      } else {
+        throw new MatchError(
+          `Scrolled ${scrollDistance} pixels without finding "${text}"`,
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    /**
+     * Scroll until image is found
+     * @param {Object|string} options - Options object or description (for backward compatibility)
+     * @param {string} [options.description] - Description of the image
+     * @param {string} [options.direction='down'] - Scroll direction
+     * @param {number} [options.maxDistance=10000] - Maximum distance to scroll in pixels
+     * @param {string} [options.method='mouse'] - Scroll method
+     * @param {string} [options.path] - Path to image template
+     * @param {boolean} [options.invert=false] - Invert the match
+     */
+    "scroll-until-image": async (...args) => {
+      let description, direction, maxDistance, method, imagePath, invert;
+      
+      // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+      if (isObjectArgs(args, ['description', 'direction', 'maxDistance', 'method', 'path', 'invert'])) {
+        ({ description, direction = 'down', maxDistance = 10000, method = 'mouse', path: imagePath, invert = false } = args[0]);
+      } else {
+        // Legacy positional: scrollUntilImage(description, direction, maxDistance, method, path, invert)
+        [description, direction = 'down', maxDistance = 10000, method = 'mouse', imagePath, invert = false] = args;
+      }
+      
+      const needle = description || imagePath;
+
+      if (!needle) {
+        throw new CommandError("No description or path provided");
+      }
+
+      if (description && imagePath) {
+        throw new CommandError(
+          "Only one of description or path can be provided",
+        );
+      }
+
+      emitter.emit(
+        events.log.narration,
+        theme.dim(`scrolling for an image matching "${needle}"...`),
+        true,
+      );
+
+      let scrollDistance = 0;
+      let incrementDistance = 500;
+      let passed = false;
+
+      while (scrollDistance <= maxDistance && !passed) {
+        if (description) {
+          passed = await assert(
+            `An image matching the description "${description}" appears on screen.`,
+            false,
+            false,
+            invert,
+          );
+        }
+
+        if (imagePath) {
+          // Don't throw if not found. We only want to know if it's found or not.
+          passed = await commands["match-image"]({ path: imagePath }).catch(
+            console.warn,
+          );
+        }
+
+        if (!passed) {
+          emitter.emit(
+            events.log.narration,
+            theme.dim(`scrolling ${direction} ${incrementDistance} pixels...`),
+            true,
+          );
+          await scroll(direction, { amount: incrementDistance });
+          scrollDistance = scrollDistance + incrementDistance;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (passed) {
+        emitter.emit(
+          events.log.narration,
+          theme.dim(`"${needle}" found!`),
+          true,
+        );
+        return;
+      } else {
+        throw new CommandError(
+          `Scrolled ${scrollDistance} pixels without finding an image matching "${needle}"`,
+        );
+      }
+    },
+    /**
+     * Focus an application by name
+     * @param {string} name - Application name
+     * @param {Object} [options] - Additional options
+     * @param {Object} [options.redraw] - Redraw detection options
+     * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.enabled=true] - Enable/disable redraw detection
+     * @param {Object} [options.redraw.thresholds] - Threshold configuration
+     * @param {number|boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.screen=0.05] - Screen diff threshold (false to disable)
+     * @param {boolean} [options.redraw.thresholds.network=false] - Enable/disable network monitoring
+     */
+    "focus-application": async (name, options = {}) => {
+      const redrawOptions = extractRedrawOptions(options);
+      await redraw.start(redrawOptions);
+
+      await sandbox.send({
+        type: "commands.focus-application",
+        name,
+      });
+      await redraw.wait(1000, redrawOptions);
+      return "The application was focused.";
+    },
+    /**
+     * Extract information from the screen using AI
+     * @param {Object|string} options - Options object or description (for backward compatibility)
+     * @param {string} options.description - What to extract
+     */
+    "extract": async (...args) => {
+      // Capture absolute timestamp at the very start of the command
+      // Frontend will calculate relative time using: timestamp - replay.clientStartDate
+      const rememberTimestamp = Date.now();
+      const rememberStartTime = rememberTimestamp;
+      let description;
+      
+      // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+      if (isObjectArgs(args, ['description'])) {
+        ({ description } = args[0]);
+      } else {
+        // Legacy positional: remember(description)
+        [description] = args;
+      }
+      
+      try {
+        let result = await sdk.req("remember", {
+          image: await system.captureScreenBase64(),
+          description,
+        });
+        
+        // Track interaction success
+        const rememberDuration = Date.now() - rememberStartTime;
+        trackInteraction({
+          interactionType: "extract",
+          prompt: description,
+          timestamp: rememberTimestamp,
+          duration: rememberDuration,
+          success: true,
+        });
+        
+        return result.data;
+      } catch (error) {
+        // Track interaction failure
+        const rememberDuration = Date.now() - rememberStartTime;
+        trackInteraction({
+          interactionType: "extract",
+          prompt: description,
+          timestamp: rememberTimestamp,
+          duration: rememberDuration,
+          success: false,
+          error: error.message,
+        });
+        throw error;
+      }
+    },
+    /**
+     * Make an AI-powered assertion
+     * @param {string} assertion - Assertion to check
+     * @param {Object} [options] - Additional options
+     * @param {number} [options.threshold] - Cache threshold (0-1). Lower values require closer matches. Set to -1 to disable cache.
+     * @param {string} [options.cacheKey] - Cache key for grouping cached assertions (enables caching when provided)
+     * @param {string} [options.os] - Operating system identifier for cache partitioning
+     * @param {string} [options.resolution] - Screen resolution for cache partitioning
+     */
+    "assert": async (assertion, options = {}) => {
+      // In soft assert mode (during act()), don't throw on failure
+      const shouldThrow = !getSoftAssertMode();
+      let response = await assert(assertion, shouldThrow, options);
+
+      return response;
+    },
+    /**
+     * Execute code in the sandbox
+     * @param {Object|string} options - Options object or language (for backward compatibility)
+     * @param {string} [options.language='pwsh'] - Language ('js', 'pwsh', or 'sh')
+     * @param {string} options.code - Code to execute
+     * @param {number} [options.timeout] - Timeout in milliseconds
+     * @param {boolean} [options.silent=false] - Suppress output
+     */
+    "exec": async (...args) => {
+      const { formatter } = require("../../sdk-log-formatter.js");
+      let language, code, timeout, silent;
+      
+      // Handle both object and positional argument styles
+      if (isObjectArgs(args, ['language', 'code', 'timeout', 'silent'])) {
+        ({ language = 'pwsh', code, timeout, silent = false } = args[0]);
+      } else {
+        // Legacy positional: exec(language, code, timeout, silent)
+        [language = 'pwsh', code, timeout, silent = false] = args;
+      }
+      
+      // Log parent action
+      emitter.emit(events.log.narration, formatter.getPrefix("action") + " " + theme.cyan.bold("Exec") + " " + theme.magenta(`[${language}]`), true);
+
+      // Log nested command details (truncate to first line)
+      const firstLine = code.split('\n')[0];
+      const codeDisplay = code.includes('\n') ? firstLine + '...' : firstLine;
+      emitter.emit(events.log.log, formatter.formatCodeLine(codeDisplay));
+
+      let plat = system.platform();
+
+      if (language == "pwsh" || language == "sh") {
+        if (language === "pwsh" && sandbox.os === "linux") {
+          emitter.emit(
+            events.log.log,
+            theme.yellow(
+              `⚠️  Warning: You are using 'pwsh' exec command on a Linux sandbox. This may fail. Consider using 'bash' or 'sh' for Linux environments.`,
+            ),
+            true,
+          );
+        }
+
+        if (language === "sh" && sandbox.os === "windows") {
+          emitter.emit(
+            events.log.log,
+            theme.yellow(
+              `⚠️  Warning: You are using 'sh' exec command on a Windows sandbox. This will fail. Automatically switching to 'pwsh' for Windows environments.`,
+            ),
+            true,
+          );
+          // Automatically switch to pwsh for Windows
+          language = "pwsh";
+        }
+
+        const execActionLogStart = Date.now();
+
+        let result = null;
+
+        const execTimeout = timeout || 300000;
+        result = await sandbox.send({
+          type: "commands.run",
+          command: code,
+          timeout: execTimeout,
+        }, execTimeout);
+        
+        const execActionEndTime = Date.now();
+        const execDuration = execActionEndTime - execActionLogStart;
+
+        // const debugMode = process.env.VERBOSE || process.env.TD_DEBUG;
+        // if (debugMode) {
+        //   console.log(result);
+        // }
+
+        if (result.out && result.out.returncode !== 0) {
+          emitter.emit(
+            events.log.narration,
+            formatter.formatExecComplete(result.out.returncode, execDuration),
+            true,
+          );
+          throw new MatchError(
+            `Command failed with exit code ${result.out.returncode}: ${result.out.stderr}`,
+          );
+        } else {
+          emitter.emit(
+            events.log.narration,
+            formatter.formatExecComplete(0, execDuration),
+            true,
+          );
+          
+          if (!silent && result.out?.stdout) {
+            emitter.emit(events.log.log, theme.dim(`  stdout:`), true);
+            emitter.emit(events.log.log, theme.dim(`  ${result.out.stdout}`), true);
+          }
+
+          if (!silent && result.out.stderr) {
+            emitter.emit(events.log.log, theme.dim(`  stderr:`), true);
+            emitter.emit(events.log.log, theme.dim(`  ${result.out.stderr}`), true);
+          }
+
+          return result.out?.stdout?.trim();
+        }
+      } else if (language == "js") {
+        emitter.emit(events.log.narration, theme.dim(`running js...`), true);
+
+        emitter.emit(
+          events.log.narration,
+          theme.dim(`running value of \`${plat}\` in local JS vm...`),
+          true,
+        );
+
+        emitter.emit(events.log.log, "");
+        emitter.emit(events.log.log, "------");
+
+        const context = vm.createContext({
+          require,
+          console,
+          fs,
+          process,
+          fetch,
+        });
+
+        let scriptCode = "(async function() {\n" + code + "\n})();";
+
+        const script = new vm.Script(scriptCode);
+
+        try {
+          await script.runInNewContext(context);
+        } catch (e) {
+          // Log the error to the emitter instead of console.error to maintain consistency
+          emitter.emit(
+            events.log.debug,
+            `JavaScript execution error: ${e.message}`,
+          );
+          // Wait a tick to allow any promise rejections to be handled
+          throw new CommandError(`Error running script: ${e.message}`);
+        }
+
+        // wait for context.result to resolve
+        let stepResult = await context.result;
+
+        // conver it to string
+        if (typeof stepResult === "object") {
+          stepResult = JSON.stringify(stepResult, null, 2);
+        } else if (typeof stepResult === "function") {
+          stepResult = stepResult.toString();
+        }
+
+        emitter.emit(events.log.log, "------");
+        emitter.emit(events.log.log, "");
+
+        if (!stepResult) {
+          emitter.emit(events.log.log, `No result returned from script`, true);
+        } else {
+        /* The above JavaScript code is checking if the variable `silent` is falsy (not true) and if
+        so, it emits log events using an emitter. The emitted log events include the
+        theme.dim(`Result:`) and the value of the `stepResult` variable. */
+          // if (!silent) {
+          //   emitter.emit(events.log.log, theme.dim(`Result:`), true);
+          //   emitter.emit(events.log.log, stepResult, true);
+          // }
+        }
+
+        return stepResult;
+        // }
+      } else {
+        throw new CommandError(`Language not supported: ${language}`);
+      }
+    },
+  };
+
+  // Return the commands, assert function, and redraw instance
+  return { commands, assert, redraw };
+};
+
+// Export the factory function
+module.exports = { createCommands };