@tanstack/router-core 1.159.9 → 1.161.1

package/dist/esm/utils.d.ts

@@ -112,13 +112,13 @@ export declare function isModuleNotFoundError(error: any): boolean;
 export declare function isPromise<T>(value: Promise<Awaited<T>> | T): value is Promise<Awaited<T>>;
 export declare function findLast<T>(array: ReadonlyArray<T>, predicate: (item: T) => boolean): T | undefined;
 /**
- * List of URL protocols that are safe for navigation.
- * Only these protocols are allowed in redirects and navigation.
+ * Default list of URL protocols to allow in links, redirects, and navigation.
+ * Any absolute URL protocol not in this list is treated as dangerous by default.
  */
-export declare const SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS: string[];
+export declare const DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_ALLOWLIST: string[];
 /**
- * Check if a URL string uses a protocol that is not in the safe list.
- * Returns true for dangerous protocols like javascript:, data:, vbscript:, etc.
+ * Check if a URL string uses a protocol that is not in the allowlist.
+ * Returns true for blocked protocols like javascript:, blob:, data:, etc.
  *
  * The URL constructor correctly normalizes:
  * - Mixed case (JavaScript: → javascript:)
@@ -128,9 +128,10 @@ export declare const SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS: string[];
  * For relative URLs (no protocol), returns false (safe).
  *
  * @param url - The URL string to check
- * @returns true if the URL uses a dangerous (non-whitelisted) protocol
+ * @param allowlist - Set of protocols to allow
+ * @returns true if the URL uses a protocol that is not allowed
  */
-export declare function isDangerousProtocol(url: string): boolean;
+export declare function isDangerousProtocol(url: string, allowlist: Set<string>): boolean;
 /**
  * Escape HTML special characters in a string to prevent XSS attacks
  * when embedding strings in script tags during SSR.

package/dist/esm/utils.js

@@ -185,12 +185,19 @@ function decodeSegment(segment) {
   }
   return sanitizePathSegment(decoded);
 }
-const SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS = ["http:", "https:", "mailto:", "tel:"];
-function isDangerousProtocol(url) {
+const DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_ALLOWLIST = [
+  // Standard web navigation
+  "http:",
+  "https:",
+  // Common browser-safe actions
+  "mailto:",
+  "tel:"
+];
+function isDangerousProtocol(url, allowlist) {
   if (!url) return false;
   try {
     const parsed = new URL(url);
-    return !SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS.includes(parsed.protocol);
+    return !allowlist.has(parsed.protocol);
   } catch {
     return false;
   }
@@ -237,7 +244,7 @@ function buildDevStylesUrl(basepath, routeIds) {
   return `${normalizedBasepath}/@tanstack-start/styles.css?routes=${encodeURIComponent(routeIds.join(","))}`;
 }
 export {
-  SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS,
+  DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_ALLOWLIST,
   buildDevStylesUrl,
   createControlledPromise,
   decodePath,

package/dist/esm/utils.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"utils.js","sources":["../../src/utils.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { isServer } from '@tanstack/router-core/isServer'\nimport type { RouteIds } from './routeInfo'\nimport type { AnyRouter } from './router'\n\nexport type Awaitable<T> = T | Promise<T>\nexport type NoInfer<T> = [T][T extends any ? 0 : never]\nexport type IsAny<TValue, TYesResult, TNoResult = TValue> = 1 extends 0 & TValue\n  ? TYesResult\n  : TNoResult\n\nexport type PickAsRequired<TValue, TKey extends keyof TValue> = Omit<\n  TValue,\n  TKey\n> &\n  Required<Pick<TValue, TKey>>\n\nexport type PickRequired<T> = {\n  [K in keyof T as undefined extends T[K] ? never : K]: T[K]\n}\n\nexport type PickOptional<T> = {\n  [K in keyof T as undefined extends T[K] ? K : never]: T[K]\n}\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/a/76458160\nexport type WithoutEmpty<T> = T extends any ? ({} extends T ? never : T) : never\n\nexport type Expand<T> = T extends object\n  ? T extends infer O\n    ? O extends Function\n      ? O\n      : { [K in keyof O]: O[K] }\n    : never\n  : T\n\nexport type DeepPartial<T> = T extends object\n  ? {\n      [P in keyof T]?: DeepPartial<T[P]>\n    }\n  : T\n\nexport type MakeDifferenceOptional<TLeft, TRight> = keyof TLeft &\n  keyof TRight extends never\n  ? TRight\n  : Omit<TRight, keyof TLeft & keyof TRight> & {\n      [K in keyof TLeft & keyof TRight]?: TRight[K]\n    }\n\n// from https://stackoverflow.com/a/53955431\n// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/naming-convention\nexport type IsUnion<T, U extends T = T> = (\n  T extends any ? (U extends T ? false : true) : never\n) extends false\n  ? false\n  : true\n\nexport type IsNonEmptyObject<T> = T extends object\n  ? keyof T extends never\n    ? false\n    : true\n  : false\n\nexport type Assign<TLeft, TRight> = TLeft extends any\n  ? TRight extends any\n    ? IsNonEmptyObject<TLeft> extends false\n      ? TRight\n      : IsNonEmptyObject<TRight> extends false\n        ? TLeft\n        : keyof TLeft & keyof TRight extends never\n          ? TLeft & TRight\n          : Omit<TLeft, keyof TRight> & TRight\n    : never\n  : never\n\nexport type IntersectAssign<TLeft, TRight> = TLeft extends any\n  ? TRight extends any\n    ? IsNonEmptyObject<TLeft> extends false\n      ? TRight\n      : IsNonEmptyObject<TRight> extends false\n        ? TLeft\n        : TRight & TLeft\n    : never\n  : never\n\nexport type Timeout = ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>\n\nexport type Updater<TPrevious, TResult = TPrevious> =\n  | TResult\n  | ((prev?: TPrevious) => TResult)\n\nexport type NonNullableUpdater<TPrevious, TResult = TPrevious> =\n  | TResult\n  | ((prev: TPrevious) => TResult)\n\nexport type ExtractObjects<TUnion> = TUnion extends MergeAllPrimitive\n  ? never\n  : TUnion\n\nexport type PartialMergeAllObject<TUnion> =\n  ExtractObjects<TUnion> extends infer TObj\n    ? [TObj] extends [never]\n      ? never\n      : {\n          [TKey in TObj extends any ? keyof TObj : never]?: TObj extends any\n            ? TKey extends keyof TObj\n              ? TObj[TKey]\n              : never\n            : never\n        }\n    : never\n\nexport type MergeAllPrimitive =\n  | ReadonlyArray<any>\n  | number\n  | string\n  | bigint\n  | boolean\n  | symbol\n  | undefined\n  | null\n\nexport type ExtractPrimitives<TUnion> = TUnion extends MergeAllPrimitive\n  ? TUnion\n  : TUnion extends object\n    ? never\n    : TUnion\n\nexport type PartialMergeAll<TUnion> =\n  | ExtractPrimitives<TUnion>\n  | PartialMergeAllObject<TUnion>\n\nexport type Constrain<T, TConstraint, TDefault = TConstraint> =\n  | (T extends TConstraint ? T : never)\n  | TDefault\n\nexport type ConstrainLiteral<T, TConstraint, TDefault = TConstraint> =\n  | (T & TConstraint)\n  | TDefault\n\n/**\n * To be added to router types\n */\nexport type UnionToIntersection<T> = (\n  T extends any ? (arg: T) => any : never\n) extends (arg: infer T) => any\n  ? T\n  : never\n\n/**\n * Merges everything in a union into one object.\n * This mapped type is homomorphic which means it preserves stuff! :)\n */\nexport type MergeAllObjects<\n  TUnion,\n  TIntersected = UnionToIntersection<ExtractObjects<TUnion>>,\n> = [keyof TIntersected] extends [never]\n  ? never\n  : {\n      [TKey in keyof TIntersected]: TUnion extends any\n        ? TUnion[TKey & keyof TUnion]\n        : never\n    }\n\nexport type MergeAll<TUnion> =\n  | MergeAllObjects<TUnion>\n  | ExtractPrimitives<TUnion>\n\nexport type ValidateJSON<T> = ((...args: Array<any>) => any) extends T\n  ? unknown extends T\n    ? never\n    : 'Function is not serializable'\n  : { [K in keyof T]: ValidateJSON<T[K]> }\n\nexport type LooseReturnType<T> = T extends (\n  ...args: Array<any>\n) => infer TReturn\n  ? TReturn\n  : never\n\nexport type LooseAsyncReturnType<T> = T extends (\n  ...args: Array<any>\n) => infer TReturn\n  ? TReturn extends Promise<infer TReturn>\n    ? TReturn\n    : TReturn\n  : never\n\n/**\n * Return the last element of an array.\n * Intended for non-empty arrays used within router internals.\n */\nexport function last<T>(arr: ReadonlyArray<T>) {\n  return arr[arr.length - 1]\n}\n\nfunction isFunction(d: any): d is Function {\n  return typeof d === 'function'\n}\n\n/**\n * Apply a value-or-updater to a previous value.\n * Accepts either a literal value or a function of the previous value.\n */\nexport function functionalUpdate<TPrevious, TResult = TPrevious>(\n  updater: Updater<TPrevious, TResult> | NonNullableUpdater<TPrevious, TResult>,\n  previous: TPrevious,\n): TResult {\n  if (isFunction(updater)) {\n    return updater(previous)\n  }\n\n  return updater\n}\n\nconst hasOwn = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty\nconst isEnumerable = Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable\n\n/**\n * This function returns `prev` if `_next` is deeply equal.\n * If not, it will replace any deeply equal children of `b` with those of `a`.\n * This can be used for structural sharing between immutable JSON values for example.\n * Do not use this with signals\n */\nexport function replaceEqualDeep<T>(prev: any, _next: T, _depth = 0): T {\n  if (isServer) {\n    return _next\n  }\n  if (prev === _next) {\n    return prev\n  }\n\n  if (_depth > 500) return _next\n\n  const next = _next as any\n\n  const array = isPlainArray(prev) && isPlainArray(next)\n\n  if (!array && !(isPlainObject(prev) && isPlainObject(next))) return next\n\n  const prevItems = array ? prev : getEnumerableOwnKeys(prev)\n  if (!prevItems) return next\n  const nextItems = array ? next : getEnumerableOwnKeys(next)\n  if (!nextItems) return next\n  const prevSize = prevItems.length\n  const nextSize = nextItems.length\n  const copy: any = array ? new Array(nextSize) : {}\n\n  let equalItems = 0\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < nextSize; i++) {\n    const key = array ? i : (nextItems[i] as any)\n    const p = prev[key]\n    const n = next[key]\n\n    if (p === n) {\n      copy[key] = p\n      if (array ? i < prevSize : hasOwn.call(prev, key)) equalItems++\n      continue\n    }\n\n    if (\n      p === null ||\n      n === null ||\n      typeof p !== 'object' ||\n      typeof n !== 'object'\n    ) {\n      copy[key] = n\n      continue\n    }\n\n    const v = replaceEqualDeep(p, n, _depth + 1)\n    copy[key] = v\n    if (v === p) equalItems++\n  }\n\n  return prevSize === nextSize && equalItems === prevSize ? prev : copy\n}\n\n/**\n * Equivalent to `Reflect.ownKeys`, but ensures that objects are \"clone-friendly\":\n * will return false if object has any non-enumerable properties.\n *\n * Optimized for the common case where objects have no symbol properties.\n */\nfunction getEnumerableOwnKeys(o: object) {\n  const names = Object.getOwnPropertyNames(o)\n\n  // Fast path: check all string property names are enumerable\n  for (const name of names) {\n    if (!isEnumerable.call(o, name)) return false\n  }\n\n  // Only check symbols if the object has any (most plain objects don't)\n  const symbols = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(o)\n\n  // Fast path: no symbols, return names directly (avoids array allocation/concat)\n  if (symbols.length === 0) return names\n\n  // Slow path: has symbols, need to check and merge\n  const keys: Array<string | symbol> = names\n  for (const symbol of symbols) {\n    if (!isEnumerable.call(o, symbol)) return false\n    keys.push(symbol)\n  }\n  return keys\n}\n\n// Copied from: https://github.com/jonschlinkert/is-plain-object\nexport function isPlainObject(o: any) {\n  if (!hasObjectPrototype(o)) {\n    return false\n  }\n\n  // If has modified constructor\n  const ctor = o.constructor\n  if (typeof ctor === 'undefined') {\n    return true\n  }\n\n  // If has modified prototype\n  const prot = ctor.prototype\n  if (!hasObjectPrototype(prot)) {\n    return false\n  }\n\n  // If constructor does not have an Object-specific method\n  if (!prot.hasOwnProperty('isPrototypeOf')) {\n    return false\n  }\n\n  // Most likely a plain Object\n  return true\n}\n\nfunction hasObjectPrototype(o: any) {\n  return Object.prototype.toString.call(o) === '[object Object]'\n}\n\n/**\n * Check if a value is a \"plain\" array (no extra enumerable keys).\n */\nexport function isPlainArray(value: unknown): value is Array<unknown> {\n  return Array.isArray(value) && value.length === Object.keys(value).length\n}\n\n/**\n * Perform a deep equality check with options for partial comparison and\n * ignoring `undefined` values. Optimized for router state comparisons.\n */\nexport function deepEqual(\n  a: any,\n  b: any,\n  opts?: { partial?: boolean; ignoreUndefined?: boolean },\n): boolean {\n  if (a === b) {\n    return true\n  }\n\n  if (typeof a !== typeof b) {\n    return false\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(a) && Array.isArray(b)) {\n    if (a.length !== b.length) return false\n    for (let i = 0, l = a.length; i < l; i++) {\n      if (!deepEqual(a[i], b[i], opts)) return false\n    }\n    return true\n  }\n\n  if (isPlainObject(a) && isPlainObject(b)) {\n    const ignoreUndefined = opts?.ignoreUndefined ?? true\n\n    if (opts?.partial) {\n      for (const k in b) {\n        if (!ignoreUndefined || b[k] !== undefined) {\n          if (!deepEqual(a[k], b[k], opts)) return false\n        }\n      }\n      return true\n    }\n\n    let aCount = 0\n    if (!ignoreUndefined) {\n      aCount = Object.keys(a).length\n    } else {\n      for (const k in a) {\n        if (a[k] !== undefined) aCount++\n      }\n    }\n\n    let bCount = 0\n    for (const k in b) {\n      if (!ignoreUndefined || b[k] !== undefined) {\n        bCount++\n        if (bCount > aCount || !deepEqual(a[k], b[k], opts)) return false\n      }\n    }\n\n    return aCount === bCount\n  }\n\n  return false\n}\n\nexport type StringLiteral<T> = T extends string\n  ? string extends T\n    ? string\n    : T\n  : never\n\nexport type ThrowOrOptional<T, TThrow extends boolean> = TThrow extends true\n  ? T\n  : T | undefined\n\nexport type StrictOrFrom<\n  TRouter extends AnyRouter,\n  TFrom,\n  TStrict extends boolean = true,\n> = TStrict extends false\n  ? {\n      from?: never\n      strict: TStrict\n    }\n  : {\n      from: ConstrainLiteral<TFrom, RouteIds<TRouter['routeTree']>>\n      strict?: TStrict\n    }\n\nexport type ThrowConstraint<\n  TStrict extends boolean,\n  TThrow extends boolean,\n> = TStrict extends false ? (TThrow extends true ? never : TThrow) : TThrow\n\nexport type ControlledPromise<T> = Promise<T> & {\n  resolve: (value: T) => void\n  reject: (value: any) => void\n  status: 'pending' | 'resolved' | 'rejected'\n  value?: T\n}\n\n/**\n * Create a promise with exposed resolve/reject and status fields.\n * Useful for coordinating async router lifecycle operations.\n */\nexport function createControlledPromise<T>(onResolve?: (value: T) => void) {\n  let resolveLoadPromise!: (value: T) => void\n  let rejectLoadPromise!: (value: any) => void\n\n  const controlledPromise = new Promise<T>((resolve, reject) => {\n    resolveLoadPromise = resolve\n    rejectLoadPromise = reject\n  }) as ControlledPromise<T>\n\n  controlledPromise.status = 'pending'\n\n  controlledPromise.resolve = (value: T) => {\n    controlledPromise.status = 'resolved'\n    controlledPromise.value = value\n    resolveLoadPromise(value)\n    onResolve?.(value)\n  }\n\n  controlledPromise.reject = (e) => {\n    controlledPromise.status = 'rejected'\n    rejectLoadPromise(e)\n  }\n\n  return controlledPromise\n}\n\n/**\n * Heuristically detect dynamic import \"module not found\" errors\n * across major browsers for lazy route component handling.\n */\nexport function isModuleNotFoundError(error: any): boolean {\n  // chrome: \"Failed to fetch dynamically imported module: http://localhost:5173/src/routes/posts.index.tsx?tsr-split\"\n  // firefox: \"error loading dynamically imported module: http://localhost:5173/src/routes/posts.index.tsx?tsr-split\"\n  // safari: \"Importing a module script failed.\"\n  if (typeof error?.message !== 'string') return false\n  return (\n    error.message.startsWith('Failed to fetch dynamically imported module') ||\n    error.message.startsWith('error loading dynamically imported module') ||\n    error.message.startsWith('Importing a module script failed')\n  )\n}\n\nexport function isPromise<T>(\n  value: Promise<Awaited<T>> | T,\n): value is Promise<Awaited<T>> {\n  return Boolean(\n    value &&\n    typeof value === 'object' &&\n    typeof (value as Promise<T>).then === 'function',\n  )\n}\n\nexport function findLast<T>(\n  array: ReadonlyArray<T>,\n  predicate: (item: T) => boolean,\n): T | undefined {\n  for (let i = array.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    const item = array[i]!\n    if (predicate(item)) return item\n  }\n  return undefined\n}\n\n/**\n * Remove control characters that can cause open redirect vulnerabilities.\n * Characters like \\r (CR) and \\n (LF) can trick URL parsers into interpreting\n * paths like \"/\\r/evil.com\" as \"http://evil.com\".\n */\nfunction sanitizePathSegment(segment: string): string {\n  // Remove ASCII control characters (0x00-0x1F) and DEL (0x7F)\n  // These include CR (\\r = 0x0D), LF (\\n = 0x0A), and other potentially dangerous characters\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex\n  return segment.replace(/[\\x00-\\x1f\\x7f]/g, '')\n}\n\nfunction decodeSegment(segment: string): string {\n  let decoded: string\n  try {\n    decoded = decodeURI(segment)\n  } catch {\n    // if the decoding fails, try to decode the various parts leaving the malformed tags in place\n    decoded = segment.replaceAll(/%[0-9A-F]{2}/gi, (match) => {\n      try {\n        return decodeURI(match)\n      } catch {\n        return match\n      }\n    })\n  }\n  return sanitizePathSegment(decoded)\n}\n\n/**\n * List of URL protocols that are safe for navigation.\n * Only these protocols are allowed in redirects and navigation.\n */\nexport const SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS = ['http:', 'https:', 'mailto:', 'tel:']\n\n/**\n * Check if a URL string uses a protocol that is not in the safe list.\n * Returns true for dangerous protocols like javascript:, data:, vbscript:, etc.\n *\n * The URL constructor correctly normalizes:\n * - Mixed case (JavaScript: → javascript:)\n * - Whitespace/control characters (java\\nscript: → javascript:)\n * - Leading whitespace\n *\n * For relative URLs (no protocol), returns false (safe).\n *\n * @param url - The URL string to check\n * @returns true if the URL uses a dangerous (non-whitelisted) protocol\n */\nexport function isDangerousProtocol(url: string): boolean {\n  if (!url) return false\n\n  try {\n    // Use the URL constructor - it correctly normalizes protocols\n    // per WHATWG URL spec, handling all bypass attempts automatically\n    const parsed = new URL(url)\n    return !SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS.includes(parsed.protocol)\n  } catch {\n    // URL constructor throws for relative URLs (no protocol)\n    // These are safe - they can't execute scripts\n    return false\n  }\n}\n\n// This utility is based on https://github.com/zertosh/htmlescape\n// License: https://github.com/zertosh/htmlescape/blob/0527ca7156a524d256101bb310a9f970f63078ad/LICENSE\nconst HTML_ESCAPE_LOOKUP: { [match: string]: string } = {\n  '&': '\\\\u0026',\n  '>': '\\\\u003e',\n  '<': '\\\\u003c',\n  '\\u2028': '\\\\u2028',\n  '\\u2029': '\\\\u2029',\n}\n\nconst HTML_ESCAPE_REGEX = /[&><\\u2028\\u2029]/g\n\n/**\n * Escape HTML special characters in a string to prevent XSS attacks\n * when embedding strings in script tags during SSR.\n *\n * This is essential for preventing XSS vulnerabilities when user-controlled\n * content is embedded in inline scripts.\n */\nexport function escapeHtml(str: string): string {\n  return str.replace(HTML_ESCAPE_REGEX, (match) => HTML_ESCAPE_LOOKUP[match]!)\n}\n\nexport function decodePath(path: string) {\n  if (!path) return { path, handledProtocolRelativeURL: false }\n\n  // Fast path: most paths are already decoded and safe.\n  // Only fall back to the slower scan/regex path when we see a '%' (encoded),\n  // a backslash (explicitly handled), a control character, or a protocol-relative\n  // prefix which needs collapsing.\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex\n  if (!/[%\\\\\\x00-\\x1f\\x7f]/.test(path) && !path.startsWith('//')) {\n    return { path, handledProtocolRelativeURL: false }\n  }\n\n  const re = /%25|%5C/gi\n  let cursor = 0\n  let result = ''\n  let match\n  while (null !== (match = re.exec(path))) {\n    result += decodeSegment(path.slice(cursor, match.index)) + match[0]\n    cursor = re.lastIndex\n  }\n  result = result + decodeSegment(cursor ? path.slice(cursor) : path)\n\n  // Prevent open redirect via protocol-relative URLs (e.g. \"//evil.com\")\n  // After sanitizing control characters, paths like \"/\\r/evil.com\" become \"//evil.com\"\n  // Collapse leading double slashes to a single slash\n  let handledProtocolRelativeURL = false\n  if (result.startsWith('//')) {\n    handledProtocolRelativeURL = true\n    result = '/' + result.replace(/^\\/+/, '')\n  }\n\n  return { path: result, handledProtocolRelativeURL }\n}\n\n/**\n * Encodes a path the same way `new URL()` would, but without the overhead of full URL parsing.\n *\n * This function encodes:\n * - Whitespace characters (spaces → %20, tabs → %09, etc.)\n * - Non-ASCII/Unicode characters (emojis, accented characters, etc.)\n *\n * It preserves:\n * - Already percent-encoded sequences (won't double-encode %2F, %25, etc.)\n * - ASCII special characters valid in URL paths (@, $, &, +, etc.)\n * - Forward slashes as path separators\n *\n * Used to generate proper href values for SSR without constructing URL objects.\n *\n * @example\n * encodePathLikeUrl('/path/file name.pdf') // '/path/file%20name.pdf'\n * encodePathLikeUrl('/path/日本語') // '/path/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E'\n * encodePathLikeUrl('/path/already%20encoded') // '/path/already%20encoded' (preserved)\n */\nexport function encodePathLikeUrl(path: string): string {\n  // Encode whitespace and non-ASCII characters that browsers encode in URLs\n\n  // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noControlCharactersInRegex: intentional ASCII range check\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex\n  if (!/\\s|[^\\u0000-\\u007F]/.test(path)) return path\n  // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noControlCharactersInRegex: intentional ASCII range check\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex\n  return path.replace(/\\s|[^\\u0000-\\u007F]/gu, encodeURIComponent)\n}\n\n/**\n * Builds the dev-mode CSS styles URL for route-scoped CSS collection.\n * Used by HeadContent components in all framework implementations to construct\n * the URL for the `/@tanstack-start/styles.css` endpoint.\n *\n * @param basepath - The router's basepath (may or may not have leading slash)\n * @param routeIds - Array of matched route IDs to include in the CSS collection\n * @returns The full URL path for the dev styles CSS endpoint\n */\nexport function buildDevStylesUrl(\n  basepath: string,\n  routeIds: Array<string>,\n): string {\n  // Trim all leading and trailing slashes from basepath\n  const trimmedBasepath = basepath.replace(/^\\/+|\\/+$/g, '')\n  // Build normalized basepath: empty string for root, or '/path' for non-root\n  const normalizedBasepath = trimmedBasepath === '' ? '' : `/${trimmedBasepath}`\n  return 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Whitespace characters (spaces → %20, tabs → %09, etc.)\n * - Non-ASCII/Unicode characters (emojis, accented characters, etc.)\n *\n * It preserves:\n * - Already percent-encoded sequences (won't double-encode %2F, %25, etc.)\n * - ASCII special characters valid in URL paths (@, $, &, +, etc.)\n * - Forward slashes as path separators\n *\n * Used to generate proper href values for SSR without constructing URL objects.\n *\n * @example\n * encodePathLikeUrl('/path/file name.pdf') // '/path/file%20name.pdf'\n * encodePathLikeUrl('/path/日本語') // '/path/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E'\n * encodePathLikeUrl('/path/already%20encoded') // '/path/already%20encoded' (preserved)\n */\nexport function encodePathLikeUrl(path: string): string {\n  // Encode whitespace and non-ASCII characters that browsers encode in URLs\n\n  // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noControlCharactersInRegex: intentional ASCII range check\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex\n  if (!/\\s|[^\\u0000-\\u007F]/.test(path)) return path\n  // biome-ignore lint/suspicious/noControlCharactersInRegex: intentional ASCII range check\n  // eslint-disable-next-line no-control-regex\n  return path.replace(/\\s|[^\\u0000-\\u007F]/gu, encodeURIComponent)\n}\n\n/**\n * Builds the dev-mode CSS styles URL for route-scoped CSS collection.\n * Used by HeadContent components in all framework implementations to construct\n * the URL for the `/@tanstack-start/styles.css` endpoint.\n *\n * @param basepath - 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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@tanstack/router-core",
-  "version": "1.159.9",
+  "version": "1.161.1",
   "description": "Modern and scalable routing for React applications",
   "author": "Tanner Linsley",
   "license": "MIT",

package/src/index.ts

@@ -273,6 +273,7 @@ export {
   createControlledPromise,
   isModuleNotFoundError,
   decodePath,
+  DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_ALLOWLIST,
   escapeHtml,
   isDangerousProtocol,
   buildDevStylesUrl,

package/src/redirect.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import { SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS, isDangerousProtocol } from './utils'
 import type { NavigateOptions } from './link'
 import type { AnyRouter, RegisteredRouter } from './router'
 import type { ParsedLocation } from './location'
@@ -124,17 +123,6 @@ export function redirect<
 ): Redirect<TRouter, TFrom, TTo, TMaskFrom, TMaskTo> {
   opts.statusCode = opts.statusCode || opts.code || 307
 
-  // Block dangerous protocols in redirect href
-  if (
-    !opts._builtLocation &&
-    typeof opts.href === 'string' &&
-    isDangerousProtocol(opts.href)
-  ) {
-    throw new Error(
-      `Redirect blocked: unsafe protocol in href "${opts.href}". Only ${SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS.join(', ')} protocols are allowed.`,
-    )
-  }
-
   if (
     !opts._builtLocation &&
     !opts.reloadDocument &&

package/src/router.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { createBrowserHistory, parseHref } from '@tanstack/history'
 import { isServer } from '@tanstack/router-core/isServer'
 import { batch } from './utils/batch'
 import {
+  DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_ALLOWLIST,
   createControlledPromise,
   decodePath,
   deepEqual,
@@ -470,6 +471,15 @@ export interface RouterOptions<
    */
   disableGlobalCatchBoundary?: boolean
 
+  /**
+   * An array of URL protocols to allow in links, redirects, and navigation.
+   * Absolute URLs with protocols not in this list will be rejected.
+   *
+   * @default DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_ALLOWLIST (http:, https:, mailto:, tel:)
+   * @link [API Docs](https://tanstack.com/router/latest/docs/framework/react/api/router/RouterOptionsType#protocolallowlist-property)
+   */
+  protocolAllowlist?: Array<string>
+
   serializationAdapters?: ReadonlyArray<AnySerializationAdapter>
   /**
    * Configures how the router will rewrite the location between the actual href and the internal href of the router.
@@ -651,7 +661,13 @@ export type PreloadRouteFn<
     TTo,
     TMaskFrom,
     TMaskTo
-  >,
+  > & {
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     * A **trusted** built location that can be used to redirect to.
+     */
+    _builtLocation?: ParsedLocation
+  },
 ) => Promise<Array<AnyRouteMatch> | undefined>
 
 export type MatchRouteFn<
@@ -961,6 +977,7 @@ export class RouterCore<
   resolvePathCache!: LRUCache<string, string>
   isServer!: boolean
   pathParamsDecoder?: (encoded: string) => string
+  protocolAllowlist!: Set<string>
 
   /**
    * @deprecated Use the `createRouter` function instead
@@ -984,6 +1001,8 @@ export class RouterCore<
       notFoundMode: options.notFoundMode ?? 'fuzzy',
       stringifySearch: options.stringifySearch ?? defaultStringifySearch,
       parseSearch: options.parseSearch ?? defaultParseSearch,
+      protocolAllowlist:
+        options.protocolAllowlist ?? DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_ALLOWLIST,
     })
 
     if (typeof document !== 'undefined') {
@@ -1029,6 +1048,8 @@ export class RouterCore<
 
     this.isServer = this.options.isServer ?? typeof document === 'undefined'
 
+    this.protocolAllowlist = new Set(this.options.protocolAllowlist)
+
     if (this.options.pathParamsAllowedCharacters)
       this.pathParamsDecoder = compileDecodeCharMap(
         this.options.pathParamsAllowedCharacters,
@@ -2248,9 +2269,9 @@ export class RouterCore<
       // otherwise use href directly (which may already include basepath)
       const reloadHref = !hrefIsUrl && publicHref ? publicHref : href
 
-      // Block dangerous protocols like javascript:, data:, vbscript:
+      // Block dangerous protocols like javascript:, blob:, data:
       // These could execute arbitrary code if passed to window.location
-      if (isDangerousProtocol(reloadHref)) {
+      if (isDangerousProtocol(reloadHref, this.protocolAllowlist)) {
         if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
           console.warn(
             `Blocked navigation to dangerous protocol: ${reloadHref}`,
@@ -2669,6 +2690,17 @@ export class RouterCore<
       }
     }
 
+    if (
+      redirect.options.href &&
+      !redirect.options._builtLocation &&
+      // Check for dangerous protocols before processing the redirect
+      isDangerousProtocol(redirect.options.href, this.protocolAllowlist)
+    ) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Redirect blocked: unsafe protocol in href "${redirect.options.href}". Allowed protocols: ${Array.from(this.protocolAllowlist).join(', ')}.`,
+      )
+    }
+
     if (!redirect.headers.get('Location')) {
       redirect.headers.set('Location', redirect.options.href)
     }
@@ -2731,7 +2763,7 @@ export class RouterCore<
     TDefaultStructuralSharingOption,
     TRouterHistory
   > = async (opts) => {
-    const next = this.buildLocation(opts as any)
+    const next = opts._builtLocation ?? this.buildLocation(opts as any)
 
     let matches = this.matchRoutes(next, {
       throwOnError: true,

package/src/utils.ts

@@ -536,14 +536,22 @@ function decodeSegment(segment: string): string {
 }
 
 /**
- * List of URL protocols that are safe for navigation.
- * Only these protocols are allowed in redirects and navigation.
+ * Default list of URL protocols to allow in links, redirects, and navigation.
+ * Any absolute URL protocol not in this list is treated as dangerous by default.
  */
-export const SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS = ['http:', 'https:', 'mailto:', 'tel:']
+export const DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_ALLOWLIST = [
+  // Standard web navigation
+  'http:',
+  'https:',
+
+  // Common browser-safe actions
+  'mailto:',
+  'tel:',
+]
 
 /**
- * Check if a URL string uses a protocol that is not in the safe list.
- * Returns true for dangerous protocols like javascript:, data:, vbscript:, etc.
+ * Check if a URL string uses a protocol that is not in the allowlist.
+ * Returns true for blocked protocols like javascript:, blob:, data:, etc.
  *
  * The URL constructor correctly normalizes:
  * - Mixed case (JavaScript: → javascript:)
@@ -553,16 +561,20 @@ export const SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS = ['http:', 'https:', 'mailto:', 'tel:']
  * For relative URLs (no protocol), returns false (safe).
  *
  * @param url - The URL string to check
- * @returns true if the URL uses a dangerous (non-whitelisted) protocol
+ * @param allowlist - Set of protocols to allow
+ * @returns true if the URL uses a protocol that is not allowed
  */
-export function isDangerousProtocol(url: string): boolean {
+export function isDangerousProtocol(
+  url: string,
+  allowlist: Set<string>,
+): boolean {
   if (!url) return false
 
   try {
     // Use the URL constructor - it correctly normalizes protocols
     // per WHATWG URL spec, handling all bypass attempts automatically
     const parsed = new URL(url)
-    return !SAFE_URL_PROTOCOLS.includes(parsed.protocol)
+    return !allowlist.has(parsed.protocol)
   } catch {
     // URL constructor throws for relative URLs (no protocol)
     // These are safe - they can't execute scripts