@tanstack/db 0.5.13 → 0.5.15

package/dist/cjs/collection/subscription.cjs

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
     this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
     this._status = `ready`;
     this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
     if (options.onUnsubscribe) {
       this.on(`unsubscribed`, (event) => options.onUnsubscribe(event));
     }
@@ -32,10 +35,80 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
     };
     this.callback = callbackWithSentKeysTracking;
     this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression ? changeEvents.createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options) : this.callback;
+    this.truncateCleanup = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {
+      this.handleTruncate();
+    });
   }
   get status() {
     return this._status;
   }
+  /**
+   * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.
+   * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.
+   *
+   * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate
+   * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.
+   */
+  handleTruncate() {
+    const subsetsToReload = [...this.loadedSubsets];
+    const hasLoadSubsetHandler = this.collection._sync.syncLoadSubsetFn !== null;
+    if (subsetsToReload.length === 0 || !hasLoadSubsetHandler) {
+      this.snapshotSent = false;
+      this.loadedInitialState = false;
+      this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
+      this.lastSentKey = void 0;
+      this.loadedSubsets = [];
+      return;
+    }
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = true;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear();
+    this.snapshotSent = false;
+    this.loadedInitialState = false;
+    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
+    this.lastSentKey = void 0;
+    this.loadedSubsets = [];
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      if (!this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+        return;
+      }
+      for (const options of subsetsToReload) {
+        const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(options);
+        this.loadedSubsets.push(options);
+        this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult);
+        if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {
+          this.pendingTruncateRefetches.add(syncResult);
+          syncResult.catch(() => {
+          }).finally(() => {
+            this.pendingTruncateRefetches.delete(syncResult);
+            this.checkTruncateRefetchComplete();
+          });
+        }
+      }
+      if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0) {
+        this.flushTruncateBuffer();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  /**
+   * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so
+   */
+  checkTruncateRefetchComplete() {
+    if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0 && this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+      this.flushTruncateBuffer();
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback
+   */
+  flushTruncateBuffer() {
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    const merged = this.truncateBuffer.flat();
+    if (merged.length > 0) {
+      this.filteredCallback(merged);
+    }
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+  }
   setOrderByIndex(index) {
     this.orderByIndex = index;
   }
@@ -85,7 +158,13 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
   }
   emitEvents(changes) {
     const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes);
-    this.filteredCallback(newChanges);
+    if (this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+      if (newChanges.length > 0) {
+        this.truncateBuffer.push(newChanges);
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.filteredCallback(newChanges);
+    }
   }
   /**
    * Sends the snapshot to the callback.
@@ -281,6 +360,7 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
     if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {
       return changes;
     }
+    const skipDeleteFilter = this.isBufferingForTruncate;
     const newChanges = [];
     for (const change of changes) {
       let newChange = change;
@@ -289,7 +369,9 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
         if (change.type === `update`) {
           newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: void 0 };
         } else if (change.type === `delete`) {
-          continue;
+          if (!skipDeleteFilter) {
+            continue;
+          }
         }
         this.sentKeys.add(change.key);
       } else {
@@ -324,6 +406,11 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
     this.skipFiltering = true;
   }
   unsubscribe() {
+    this.truncateCleanup?.();
+    this.truncateCleanup = void 0;
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear();
     for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {
       this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options);
     }

package/dist/cjs/collection/subscription.cjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"subscription.cjs","sources":["../../../src/collection/subscription.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { ensureIndexForExpression } from '../indexes/auto-index.js'\nimport { and, eq, gte, lt } from '../query/builder/functions.js'\nimport { Value } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport { EventEmitter } from '../event-emitter.js'\nimport { buildCursor } from '../utils/cursor.js'\nimport {\n  createFilterFunctionFromExpression,\n  createFilteredCallback,\n} from './change-events.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression, OrderBy } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport type { IndexInterface } from '../indexes/base-index.js'\nimport type {\n  ChangeMessage,\n  LoadSubsetOptions,\n  Subscription,\n  SubscriptionEvents,\n  SubscriptionStatus,\n  SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent,\n} from '../types.js'\nimport type { CollectionImpl } from './index.js'\n\ntype RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n  where?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  optimizedOnly?: boolean\n  trackLoadSubsetPromise?: boolean\n  /** Optional orderBy to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  orderBy?: OrderBy\n  /** Optional limit to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  limit?: number\n}\n\ntype RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions = {\n  orderBy: OrderBy\n  limit: number\n  /** All column values for cursor (first value used for local index, all values for sync layer) */\n  minValues?: Array<unknown>\n  /** Row offset for offset-based pagination (passed to sync layer) */\n  offset?: number\n}\n\ntype CollectionSubscriptionOptions = {\n  includeInitialState?: boolean\n  /** Pre-compiled expression for filtering changes */\n  whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  /** Callback to call when the subscription is unsubscribed */\n  onUnsubscribe?: (event: SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent) => void\n}\n\nexport class CollectionSubscription\n  extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEvents>\n  implements Subscription\n{\n  private loadedInitialState = false\n\n  // Flag to skip filtering in filterAndFlipChanges.\n  // This is separate from loadedInitialState because we want to allow\n  // requestSnapshot to still work even when filtering is skipped.\n  private skipFiltering = false\n\n  // Flag to indicate that we have sent at least 1 snapshot.\n  // While `snapshotSent` is false we filter out all changes from subscription to the collection.\n  private snapshotSent = false\n\n  /**\n   * Track all loadSubset calls made by this subscription so we can unload them on cleanup.\n   * We store the exact LoadSubsetOptions we passed to loadSubset to ensure symmetric unload.\n   */\n  private loadedSubsets: Array<LoadSubsetOptions> = []\n\n  // Keep track of the keys we've sent (needed for join and orderBy optimizations)\n  private sentKeys = new Set<string | number>()\n\n  // Track the count of rows sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for offset-based pagination\n  private limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n\n  // Track the last key sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for cursor-based pagination\n  private lastSentKey: string | number | undefined\n\n  private filteredCallback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void\n\n  private orderByIndex: IndexInterface<string | number> | undefined\n\n  // Status tracking\n  private _status: SubscriptionStatus = `ready`\n  private pendingLoadSubsetPromises: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  public get status(): SubscriptionStatus {\n    return this._status\n  }\n\n  constructor(\n    private collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>,\n    private callback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void,\n    private options: CollectionSubscriptionOptions,\n  ) {\n    super()\n    if (options.onUnsubscribe) {\n      this.on(`unsubscribed`, (event) => options.onUnsubscribe!(event))\n    }\n\n    // Auto-index for where expressions if enabled\n    if (options.whereExpression) {\n      ensureIndexForExpression(options.whereExpression, this.collection)\n    }\n\n    const callbackWithSentKeysTracking = (\n      changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>,\n    ) => {\n      callback(changes)\n      this.trackSentKeys(changes)\n    }\n\n    this.callback = callbackWithSentKeysTracking\n\n    // Create a filtered callback if where clause is provided\n    this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression\n      ? createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options)\n      : this.callback\n  }\n\n  setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>) {\n    this.orderByIndex = index\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Set subscription status and emit events if changed\n   */\n  private setStatus(newStatus: SubscriptionStatus) {\n    if (this._status === newStatus) {\n      return // No change\n    }\n\n    const previousStatus = this._status\n    this._status = newStatus\n\n    // Emit status:change event\n    this.emitInner(`status:change`, {\n      type: `status:change`,\n      subscription: this,\n      previousStatus,\n      status: newStatus,\n    })\n\n    // Emit specific status event\n    const eventKey: `status:${SubscriptionStatus}` = `status:${newStatus}`\n    this.emitInner(eventKey, {\n      type: eventKey,\n      subscription: this,\n      previousStatus,\n      status: newStatus,\n    } as SubscriptionEvents[typeof eventKey])\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Track a loadSubset promise and manage loading status\n   */\n  private trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult: Promise<void> | true) {\n    // Track the promise if it's actually a promise (async work)\n    if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {\n      this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.add(syncResult)\n      this.setStatus(`loadingSubset`)\n\n      syncResult.finally(() => {\n        this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.delete(syncResult)\n        if (this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.size === 0) {\n          this.setStatus(`ready`)\n        }\n      })\n    }\n  }\n\n  hasLoadedInitialState() {\n    return this.loadedInitialState\n  }\n\n  hasSentAtLeastOneSnapshot() {\n    return this.snapshotSent\n  }\n\n  emitEvents(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes)\n    this.filteredCallback(newChanges)\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends the snapshot to the callback.\n   * Returns a boolean indicating if it succeeded.\n   * It can only fail if there is no index to fulfill the request\n   * and the optimizedOnly option is set to true,\n   * or, the entire state was already loaded.\n   */\n  requestSnapshot(opts?: RequestSnapshotOptions): boolean {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState) {\n      // Subscription was deoptimized so we already sent the entire initial state\n      return false\n    }\n\n    const stateOpts: RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n      where: this.options.whereExpression,\n      optimizedOnly: opts?.optimizedOnly ?? false,\n    }\n\n    if (opts) {\n      if (`where` in opts) {\n        const snapshotWhereExp = opts.where\n        if (stateOpts.where) {\n          // Combine the two where expressions\n          const subWhereExp = stateOpts.where\n          const combinedWhereExp = and(subWhereExp, snapshotWhereExp)\n          stateOpts.where = combinedWhereExp\n        } else {\n          stateOpts.where = snapshotWhereExp\n        }\n      }\n    } else {\n      // No options provided so it's loading the entire initial state\n      this.loadedInitialState = true\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    const loadOptions: LoadSubsetOptions = {\n      where: stateOpts.where,\n      subscription: this,\n      // Include orderBy and limit if provided so sync layer can optimize the query\n      orderBy: opts?.orderBy,\n      limit: opts?.limit,\n    }\n    const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(loadOptions)\n\n    // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later\n    this.loadedSubsets.push(loadOptions)\n\n    const trackLoadSubsetPromise = opts?.trackLoadSubsetPromise ?? true\n    if (trackLoadSubsetPromise) {\n      this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n    }\n\n    // Also load data immediately from the collection\n    const snapshot = this.collection.currentStateAsChanges(stateOpts)\n\n    if (snapshot === undefined) {\n      // Couldn't load from indexes\n      return false\n    }\n\n    // Only send changes that have not been sent yet\n    const filteredSnapshot = snapshot.filter(\n      (change) => !this.sentKeys.has(change.key),\n    )\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will see\n    // the keys already in sentKeys and filter out duplicates correctly.\n    for (const change of filteredSnapshot) {\n      this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n    }\n\n    this.snapshotSent = true\n    this.callback(filteredSnapshot)\n    return true\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends a snapshot that fulfills the `where` clause and all rows are bigger or equal to the cursor.\n   * Requires a range index to be set with `setOrderByIndex` prior to calling this method.\n   * It uses that range index to load the items in the order of the index.\n   *\n   * For multi-column orderBy:\n   * - Uses first value from `minValues` for LOCAL index operations (wide bounds, ensures no missed rows)\n   * - Uses all `minValues` to build a precise composite cursor for SYNC layer loadSubset\n   *\n   * Note 1: it may load more rows than the provided LIMIT because it loads all values equal to the first cursor value + limit values greater.\n   *         This is needed to ensure that it does not accidentally skip duplicate values when the limit falls in the middle of some duplicated values.\n   * Note 2: it does not send keys that have already been sent before.\n   */\n  requestLimitedSnapshot({\n    orderBy,\n    limit,\n    minValues,\n    offset,\n  }: RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions) {\n    if (!limit) throw new Error(`limit is required`)\n\n    if (!this.orderByIndex) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Ordered snapshot was requested but no index was found. You have to call setOrderByIndex before requesting an ordered snapshot.`,\n      )\n    }\n\n    // Derive first column value from minValues (used for local index operations)\n    const minValue = minValues?.[0]\n    // Cast for index operations (index expects string | number)\n    const minValueForIndex = minValue as string | number | undefined\n\n    const index = this.orderByIndex\n    const where = this.options.whereExpression\n    const whereFilterFn = where\n      ? createFilterFunctionFromExpression(where)\n      : undefined\n\n    const filterFn = (key: string | number): boolean => {\n      if (this.sentKeys.has(key)) {\n        return false\n      }\n\n      const value = this.collection.get(key)\n      if (value === undefined) {\n        return false\n      }\n\n      return whereFilterFn?.(value) ?? true\n    }\n\n    let biggestObservedValue = minValueForIndex\n    const changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>> = []\n\n    // If we have a minValue we need to handle the case\n    // where there might be duplicate values equal to minValue that we need to include\n    // because we can have data like this: [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5]\n    // so if minValue is 3 then the previous snapshot may not have included all 3s\n    // e.g. if it was offset 0 and limit 3 it would only have loaded the first 3\n    //      so we load all rows equal to minValue first, to be sure we don't skip any duplicate values\n    //\n    // For multi-column orderBy, we use the first column value for index operations (wide bounds)\n    // This may load some duplicates but ensures we never miss any rows.\n    let keys: Array<string | number> = []\n    if (minValueForIndex !== undefined) {\n      // First, get all items with the same FIRST COLUMN value as minValue\n      // This provides wide bounds for the local index\n      const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n      const allRowsWithMinValue = this.collection.currentStateAsChanges({\n        where: eq(expression, new Value(minValueForIndex)),\n      })\n\n      if (allRowsWithMinValue) {\n        const keysWithMinValue = allRowsWithMinValue\n          .map((change) => change.key)\n          .filter((key) => !this.sentKeys.has(key) && filterFn(key))\n\n        // Add items with the minValue first\n        keys.push(...keysWithMinValue)\n\n        // Then get items greater than minValue\n        const keysGreaterThanMin = index.take(\n          limit - keys.length,\n          minValueForIndex,\n          filterFn,\n        )\n        keys.push(...keysGreaterThanMin)\n      } else {\n        keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n      }\n    } else {\n      keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    const valuesNeeded = () => Math.max(limit - changes.length, 0)\n    const collectionExhausted = () => keys.length === 0\n\n    while (valuesNeeded() > 0 && !collectionExhausted()) {\n      const insertedKeys = new Set<string | number>() // Track keys we add to `changes` in this iteration\n\n      for (const key of keys) {\n        const value = this.collection.get(key)!\n        changes.push({\n          type: `insert`,\n          key,\n          value,\n        })\n        biggestObservedValue = value\n        insertedKeys.add(key) // Track this key\n      }\n\n      keys = index.take(valuesNeeded(), biggestObservedValue, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    // Track row count for offset-based pagination (before sending to callback)\n    // Use the current count as the offset for this load\n    const currentOffset = this.limitedSnapshotRowCount\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will see\n    // the keys already in sentKeys and filter out duplicates correctly.\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n    }\n\n    this.callback(changes)\n\n    // Update the row count and last key after sending (for next call's offset/cursor)\n    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount += changes.length\n    if (changes.length > 0) {\n      this.lastSentKey = changes[changes.length - 1]!.key\n    }\n\n    // Build cursor expressions for sync layer loadSubset\n    // The cursor expressions are separate from the main where clause\n    // so the sync layer can choose cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    let cursorExpressions:\n      | {\n          whereFrom: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          whereCurrent: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          lastKey?: string | number\n        }\n      | undefined\n\n    if (minValues !== undefined && minValues.length > 0) {\n      const whereFromCursor = buildCursor(orderBy, minValues)\n\n      if (whereFromCursor) {\n        const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n        const minValue = minValues[0]\n\n        // Build the whereCurrent expression for the first orderBy column\n        // For Date values, we need to handle precision differences between JS (ms) and backends (μs)\n        // A JS Date represents a 1ms range, so we query for all values within that range\n        let whereCurrentCursor: BasicExpression<boolean>\n        if (minValue instanceof Date) {\n          const minValuePlus1ms = new Date(minValue.getTime() + 1)\n          whereCurrentCursor = and(\n            gte(expression, new Value(minValue)),\n            lt(expression, new Value(minValuePlus1ms)),\n          )\n        } else {\n          whereCurrentCursor = eq(expression, new Value(minValue))\n        }\n\n        cursorExpressions = {\n          whereFrom: whereFromCursor,\n          whereCurrent: whereCurrentCursor,\n          lastKey: this.lastSentKey,\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    // Note: `where` does NOT include cursor expressions - they are passed separately\n    // The sync layer can choose to use cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    const loadOptions: LoadSubsetOptions = {\n      where, // Main filter only, no cursor\n      limit,\n      orderBy,\n      cursor: cursorExpressions, // Cursor expressions passed separately\n      offset: offset ?? currentOffset, // Use provided offset, or auto-tracked offset\n      subscription: this,\n    }\n    const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(loadOptions)\n\n    // Track this loadSubset call\n    this.loadedSubsets.push(loadOptions)\n    this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n  }\n\n  // TODO: also add similar test but that checks that it can also load it from the collection's loadSubset function\n  //       and that that also works properly (i.e. does not skip duplicate values)\n\n  /**\n   * Filters and flips changes for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Deletes are filtered out for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Updates are flipped into inserts for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Duplicate inserts are filtered out to prevent D2 multiplicity > 1.\n   */\n  private filterAndFlipChanges(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // We loaded the entire initial state or filtering is explicitly skipped\n      // so no need to filter or flip changes\n      return changes\n    }\n\n    const newChanges = []\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      let newChange = change\n      const keyInSentKeys = this.sentKeys.has(change.key)\n\n      if (!keyInSentKeys) {\n        if (change.type === `update`) {\n          newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: undefined }\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // filter out deletes for keys that have not been sent\n          continue\n        }\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // Key was already sent - handle based on change type\n        if (change.type === `insert`) {\n          // Filter out duplicate inserts - the key was already inserted.\n          // This prevents D2 multiplicity from going above 1, which would\n          // cause deletes to not properly remove items (multiplicity would\n          // go from 2 to 1 instead of 1 to 0).\n          continue\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // Remove from sentKeys so future inserts for this key are allowed\n          // (e.g., after truncate + reinsert)\n          this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n        }\n      }\n      newChanges.push(newChange)\n    }\n    return newChanges\n  }\n\n  private trackSentKeys(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // No need to track sent keys if we loaded the entire state or filtering is skipped.\n      // Since filtering won't be applied, all keys are effectively \"observed\".\n      return\n    }\n\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      if (change.type === `delete`) {\n        // Remove deleted keys from sentKeys so future re-inserts are allowed\n        this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // For inserts and updates, track the key as sent\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Mark that the subscription should not filter any changes.\n   * This is used when includeInitialState is explicitly set to false,\n   * meaning the caller doesn't want initial state but does want ALL future changes.\n   */\n  markAllStateAsSeen() {\n    this.skipFiltering = true\n  }\n\n  unsubscribe() {\n    // Unload all subsets that this subscription loaded\n    // We pass the exact same LoadSubsetOptions we used for loadSubset\n    for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {\n      this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options)\n    }\n    this.loadedSubsets = []\n\n    this.emitInner(`unsubscribed`, {\n      type: `unsubscribed`,\n      subscription: this,\n    })\n    // Clear all event listeners to prevent memory leaks\n    this.clearListeners()\n  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+{"version":3,"file":"subscription.cjs","sources":["../../../src/collection/subscription.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { ensureIndexForExpression } from '../indexes/auto-index.js'\nimport { and, eq, gte, lt } from '../query/builder/functions.js'\nimport { Value } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport { EventEmitter } from '../event-emitter.js'\nimport { buildCursor } from '../utils/cursor.js'\nimport {\n  createFilterFunctionFromExpression,\n  createFilteredCallback,\n} from './change-events.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression, OrderBy } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport type { IndexInterface } from '../indexes/base-index.js'\nimport type {\n  ChangeMessage,\n  LoadSubsetOptions,\n  Subscription,\n  SubscriptionEvents,\n  SubscriptionStatus,\n  SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent,\n} from '../types.js'\nimport type { CollectionImpl } from './index.js'\n\ntype RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n  where?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  optimizedOnly?: boolean\n  trackLoadSubsetPromise?: boolean\n  /** Optional orderBy to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  orderBy?: OrderBy\n  /** Optional limit to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  limit?: number\n}\n\ntype RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions = {\n  orderBy: OrderBy\n  limit: number\n  /** All column values for cursor (first value used for local index, all values for sync layer) */\n  minValues?: Array<unknown>\n  /** Row offset for offset-based pagination (passed to sync layer) */\n  offset?: number\n}\n\ntype CollectionSubscriptionOptions = {\n  includeInitialState?: boolean\n  /** Pre-compiled expression for filtering changes */\n  whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  /** Callback to call when the subscription is unsubscribed */\n  onUnsubscribe?: (event: SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent) => void\n}\n\nexport class CollectionSubscription\n  extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEvents>\n  implements Subscription\n{\n  private loadedInitialState = false\n\n  // Flag to skip filtering in filterAndFlipChanges.\n  // This is separate from loadedInitialState because we want to allow\n  // requestSnapshot to still work even when filtering is skipped.\n  private skipFiltering = false\n\n  // Flag to indicate that we have sent at least 1 snapshot.\n  // While `snapshotSent` is false we filter out all changes from subscription to the collection.\n  private snapshotSent = false\n\n  /**\n   * Track all loadSubset calls made by this subscription so we can unload them on cleanup.\n   * We store the exact LoadSubsetOptions we passed to loadSubset to ensure symmetric unload.\n   */\n  private loadedSubsets: Array<LoadSubsetOptions> = []\n\n  // Keep track of the keys we've sent (needed for join and orderBy optimizations)\n  private sentKeys = new Set<string | number>()\n\n  // Track the count of rows sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for offset-based pagination\n  private limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n\n  // Track the last key sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for cursor-based pagination\n  private lastSentKey: string | number | undefined\n\n  private filteredCallback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void\n\n  private orderByIndex: IndexInterface<string | number> | undefined\n\n  // Status tracking\n  private _status: SubscriptionStatus = `ready`\n  private pendingLoadSubsetPromises: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  // Cleanup function for truncate event listener\n  private truncateCleanup: (() => void) | undefined\n\n  // Truncate buffering state\n  // When a truncate occurs, we buffer changes until all loadSubset refetches complete\n  // This prevents a flash of missing content between deletes and new inserts\n  private isBufferingForTruncate = false\n  private truncateBuffer: Array<Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>> = []\n  private pendingTruncateRefetches: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  public get status(): SubscriptionStatus {\n    return this._status\n  }\n\n  constructor(\n    private collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>,\n    private callback: 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cleared.\n    // We need to re-request all previously loaded subsets to repopulate the data.\n    this.truncateCleanup = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {\n      this.handleTruncate()\n    })\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.\n   * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.\n   *\n   * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate\n   * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.\n   */\n  private handleTruncate() {\n    // Copy the loaded subsets before clearing (we'll re-request them)\n    const subsetsToReload = [...this.loadedSubsets]\n\n    // Only buffer if there's an actual loadSubset handler that can do async work.\n    // Without a loadSubset handler, there's nothing to re-request and no reason to buffer.\n    // This prevents unnecessary buffering in eager sync mode or when loadSubset 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false\n    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n    this.lastSentKey = undefined\n\n    // Clear the loadedSubsets array since we're re-requesting fresh\n    this.loadedSubsets = []\n\n    // Defer the loadSubset calls to a microtask so the truncate commit's delete events\n    // are buffered BEFORE the loadSubset calls potentially trigger nested commits.\n    // This ensures correct event ordering: deletes first, then inserts.\n    queueMicrotask(() => {\n      // Check if we were unsubscribed while waiting\n      if (!this.isBufferingForTruncate) {\n        return\n      }\n\n      // Re-request all previously loaded subsets and track their promises\n      for (const options of subsetsToReload) {\n        const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(options)\n\n        // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later\n        this.loadedSubsets.push(options)\n        this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n\n        // Track the promise for buffer flushing\n        if 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   }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback\n   */\n  private flushTruncateBuffer() {\n    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false\n\n    // Flatten all buffered changes into a single array for atomic emission\n    // This ensures consumers see all truncate changes (deletes + inserts) in one callback\n    const merged = this.truncateBuffer.flat()\n    if (merged.length > 0) {\n      this.filteredCallback(merged)\n    }\n\n    this.truncateBuffer = []\n  }\n\n  setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>) {\n    this.orderByIndex = index\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Set subscription status and emit events if changed\n   */\n  private setStatus(newStatus: SubscriptionStatus) {\n    if (this._status === newStatus) {\n      return // No change\n    }\n\n    const previousStatus = this._status\n    this._status = newStatus\n\n    // Emit status:change event\n    this.emitInner(`status:change`, {\n      type: `status:change`,\n      subscription: 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}\n\n  hasSentAtLeastOneSnapshot() {\n    return this.snapshotSent\n  }\n\n  emitEvents(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes)\n\n    if (this.isBufferingForTruncate) {\n      // Buffer the changes instead of emitting immediately\n      // This prevents a flash of missing content during truncate/refetch\n      if (newChanges.length > 0) {\n        this.truncateBuffer.push(newChanges)\n      }\n    } else {\n      this.filteredCallback(newChanges)\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends the snapshot to the callback.\n   * Returns a boolean indicating if it succeeded.\n   * It can only fail if there is no index to fulfill the request\n   * and the optimizedOnly option is set to true,\n   * or, the entire state was already loaded.\n   */\n  requestSnapshot(opts?: RequestSnapshotOptions): boolean {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState) {\n      // Subscription was deoptimized so we already sent the entire initial state\n      return 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duplicate values when the limit falls in the middle of some duplicated values.\n   * Note 2: it does not send keys that have already been sent before.\n   */\n  requestLimitedSnapshot({\n    orderBy,\n    limit,\n    minValues,\n    offset,\n  }: RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions) {\n    if (!limit) throw new Error(`limit is required`)\n\n    if (!this.orderByIndex) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Ordered snapshot was requested but no index was found. 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keys.length,\n          minValueForIndex,\n          filterFn,\n        )\n        keys.push(...keysGreaterThanMin)\n      } else {\n        keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n      }\n    } else {\n      keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    const valuesNeeded = () => Math.max(limit - changes.length, 0)\n    const collectionExhausted = () => keys.length === 0\n\n    while (valuesNeeded() > 0 && !collectionExhausted()) {\n      const insertedKeys = new Set<string | number>() // Track keys we add to `changes` in this iteration\n\n      for (const key of keys) {\n        const value = this.collection.get(key)!\n        changes.push({\n          type: `insert`,\n          key,\n          value,\n        })\n        biggestObservedValue = value\n        insertedKeys.add(key) // Track this key\n      }\n\n      keys = index.take(valuesNeeded(), biggestObservedValue, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    // Track row count for offset-based pagination (before sending to callback)\n    // Use the current count as the offset for this load\n    const currentOffset = this.limitedSnapshotRowCount\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will see\n    // the keys already in sentKeys and filter out duplicates correctly.\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n    }\n\n    this.callback(changes)\n\n    // Update the row count and last key after sending (for next call's offset/cursor)\n    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount += changes.length\n    if (changes.length > 0) {\n      this.lastSentKey = changes[changes.length - 1]!.key\n    }\n\n    // Build cursor expressions for sync layer loadSubset\n    // The cursor expressions are separate from the main where clause\n    // so the sync layer can choose cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    let cursorExpressions:\n      | {\n          whereFrom: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          whereCurrent: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          lastKey?: string | number\n        }\n      | undefined\n\n    if (minValues !== undefined && minValues.length > 0) {\n      const whereFromCursor = buildCursor(orderBy, minValues)\n\n      if (whereFromCursor) {\n        const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n        const minValue = minValues[0]\n\n        // Build the whereCurrent expression for the first orderBy column\n        // For Date values, we need to handle precision differences between JS (ms) and backends (μs)\n        // A JS Date represents a 1ms range, so we query for all values within that range\n        let whereCurrentCursor: BasicExpression<boolean>\n        if (minValue instanceof Date) {\n          const minValuePlus1ms = new Date(minValue.getTime() + 1)\n          whereCurrentCursor = and(\n            gte(expression, new Value(minValue)),\n            lt(expression, new Value(minValuePlus1ms)),\n          )\n        } else {\n          whereCurrentCursor = eq(expression, new Value(minValue))\n        }\n\n        cursorExpressions = {\n          whereFrom: whereFromCursor,\n          whereCurrent: whereCurrentCursor,\n          lastKey: this.lastSentKey,\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    // Note: `where` does NOT include cursor expressions - 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If loadedInitialState was previously true, sentKeys will be empty\n    //    (trackSentKeys early-returns when loadedInitialState is true)\n    // 2. The truncate deletes are for keys that WERE sent to the subscriber\n    // 3. We're collecting all changes atomically, so filtering doesn't make sense\n    const skipDeleteFilter = this.isBufferingForTruncate\n\n    const newChanges = []\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      let newChange = change\n      const keyInSentKeys = this.sentKeys.has(change.key)\n\n      if (!keyInSentKeys) {\n        if (change.type === `update`) {\n          newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: undefined }\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // Filter out deletes for keys that have not been sent,\n          // UNLESS we're buffering for truncate (where all deletes should pass through)\n          if (!skipDeleteFilter) {\n            continue\n          }\n        }\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // Key was already sent - handle based on change type\n        if (change.type === `insert`) {\n          // Filter out duplicate inserts - the key was already inserted.\n          // This prevents D2 multiplicity from going above 1, which would\n          // cause deletes to not properly remove items (multiplicity would\n          // go from 2 to 1 instead of 1 to 0).\n          continue\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // Remove from sentKeys so future inserts for this key are allowed\n          // (e.g., after truncate + reinsert)\n          this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n        }\n      }\n      newChanges.push(newChange)\n    }\n    return newChanges\n  }\n\n  private trackSentKeys(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // No need to track sent keys if we loaded the entire state or filtering is skipped.\n      // Since filtering won't be applied, all keys are effectively \"observed\".\n      return\n    }\n\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      if (change.type === `delete`) {\n        // Remove deleted keys from sentKeys so future re-inserts are allowed\n        this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // For inserts and updates, track the key as sent\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Mark that the subscription should not filter any changes.\n   * This is used when includeInitialState is explicitly set to false,\n   * meaning the caller doesn't want initial state but does want ALL future changes.\n   */\n  markAllStateAsSeen() {\n    this.skipFiltering = true\n  }\n\n  unsubscribe() {\n    // Clean up truncate event listener\n    this.truncateCleanup?.()\n    this.truncateCleanup = undefined\n\n    // Clean up truncate buffer state\n    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false\n    this.truncateBuffer = []\n    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear()\n\n    // Unload all subsets that this subscription loaded\n    // We pass the exact same LoadSubsetOptions we used for loadSubset\n    for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {\n      this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options)\n    }\n    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package/dist/cjs/collection/subscription.d.cts

@@ -46,8 +46,28 @@ export declare class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEve
     private orderByIndex;
     private _status;
     private pendingLoadSubsetPromises;
+    private truncateCleanup;
+    private isBufferingForTruncate;
+    private truncateBuffer;
+    private pendingTruncateRefetches;
     get status(): SubscriptionStatus;
     constructor(collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>, callback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void, options: CollectionSubscriptionOptions);
+    /**
+     * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.
+     * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.
+     *
+     * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate
+     * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.
+     */
+    private handleTruncate;
+    /**
+     * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so
+     */
+    private checkTruncateRefetchComplete;
+    /**
+     * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback
+     */
+    private flushTruncateBuffer;
     setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>): void;
     /**
      * Set subscription status and emit events if changed

package/dist/cjs/query/live/collection-subscriber.cjs

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ class CollectionSubscriber {
     this.collectionConfigBuilder = collectionConfigBuilder;
     this.biggest = void 0;
     this.subscriptionLoadingPromises = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+    this.sentToD2Keys = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
   }
   subscribe() {
     const whereClause = this.getWhereClauseForAlias();
@@ -82,10 +83,23 @@ class CollectionSubscriber {
     return subscription;
   }
   sendChangesToPipeline(changes, callback) {
+    const changesArray = Array.isArray(changes) ? changes : [...changes];
+    const filteredChanges = [];
+    for (const change of changesArray) {
+      if (change.type === `insert`) {
+        if (this.sentToD2Keys.has(change.key)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        this.sentToD2Keys.add(change.key);
+      } else if (change.type === `delete`) {
+        this.sentToD2Keys.delete(change.key);
+      }
+      filteredChanges.push(change);
+    }
     const input = this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState.inputs[this.alias];
     const sentChanges = sendChangesToInput(
       input,
-      changes,
+      filteredChanges,
       this.collection.config.getKey
     );
     const dataLoader = sentChanges > 0 ? callback : void 0;
@@ -98,7 +112,7 @@ class CollectionSubscriber {
       this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes);
     };
     const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChanges, {
-      includeInitialState,
+      ...includeInitialState && { includeInitialState },
       whereExpression
     });
     return subscription;
@@ -114,6 +128,7 @@ class CollectionSubscriber {
     });
     const truncateUnsubscribe = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {
       this.biggest = void 0;
+      this.sentToD2Keys.clear();
     });
     subscription.on(`unsubscribed`, () => {
       truncateUnsubscribe();

package/dist/cjs/query/live/collection-subscriber.cjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"collection-subscriber.cjs","sources":["../../../../src/query/live/collection-subscriber.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { MultiSet } from '@tanstack/db-ivm'\nimport {\n  normalizeExpressionPaths,\n  normalizeOrderByPaths,\n} from '../compiler/expressions.js'\nimport type { MultiSetArray, RootStreamBuilder } from '@tanstack/db-ivm'\nimport type { Collection } from '../../collection/index.js'\nimport type { ChangeMessage } from '../../types.js'\nimport type { Context, GetResult } from '../builder/types.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression } from '../ir.js'\nimport type { OrderByOptimizationInfo } from '../compiler/order-by.js'\nimport type { CollectionConfigBuilder } from './collection-config-builder.js'\nimport type { CollectionSubscription } from '../../collection/subscription.js'\n\nconst loadMoreCallbackSymbol = Symbol.for(\n  `@tanstack/db.collection-config-builder`,\n)\n\nexport class CollectionSubscriber<\n  TContext extends Context,\n  TResult extends object = GetResult<TContext>,\n> {\n  // Keep track of the biggest value we've sent so far (needed for orderBy optimization)\n  private biggest: any = undefined\n\n  // Track deferred promises for subscription loading states\n  private subscriptionLoadingPromises = new Map<\n    CollectionSubscription,\n    { resolve: () => void }\n  >()\n\n  constructor(\n    private alias: string,\n    private collectionId: string,\n    private collection: Collection,\n    private collectionConfigBuilder: CollectionConfigBuilder<TContext, TResult>,\n  ) {}\n\n  subscribe(): CollectionSubscription {\n    const whereClause = this.getWhereClauseForAlias()\n\n    if (whereClause) {\n      const whereExpression = normalizeExpressionPaths(whereClause, this.alias)\n      return this.subscribeToChanges(whereExpression)\n    }\n\n    return this.subscribeToChanges()\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToChanges(whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>) {\n    let subscription: CollectionSubscription\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (orderByInfo) {\n      subscription = this.subscribeToOrderedChanges(\n        whereExpression,\n        orderByInfo,\n      )\n    } else {\n      // If the source alias is lazy then we should not include the initial state\n      const includeInitialState = !this.collectionConfigBuilder.isLazyAlias(\n        this.alias,\n      )\n\n      subscription = this.subscribeToMatchingChanges(\n        whereExpression,\n        includeInitialState,\n      )\n    }\n\n    const trackLoadPromise = () => {\n      // Guard against duplicate transitions\n      if (!this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.has(subscription)) {\n        let resolve: () => void\n        const promise = new Promise<void>((res) => {\n          resolve = res\n        })\n\n        this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.set(subscription, {\n          resolve: resolve!,\n        })\n        this.collectionConfigBuilder.liveQueryCollection!._sync.trackLoadPromise(\n          promise,\n        )\n      }\n    }\n\n    // It can be that we are not yet subscribed when the first `loadSubset` call happens (i.e. the initial query).\n    // So we also check the status here and if it's `loadingSubset` then we track the load promise\n    if (subscription.status === `loadingSubset`) {\n      trackLoadPromise()\n    }\n\n    // Subscribe to subscription status changes to propagate loading state\n    const statusUnsubscribe = subscription.on(`status:change`, (event) => {\n      if (event.status === `loadingSubset`) {\n        trackLoadPromise()\n      } else {\n        // status is 'ready'\n        const deferred = this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.get(subscription)\n        if (deferred) {\n          // Clear the map entry FIRST (before resolving)\n          this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.delete(subscription)\n          deferred.resolve()\n        }\n      }\n    })\n\n    const unsubscribe = () => {\n      // If subscription has a pending promise, resolve it before unsubscribing\n      const deferred = this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.get(subscription)\n      if (deferred) {\n        // Clear the map entry FIRST (before resolving)\n        this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.delete(subscription)\n        deferred.resolve()\n      }\n\n      statusUnsubscribe()\n      subscription.unsubscribe()\n    }\n    // currentSyncState is always defined when subscribe() is called\n    // (called during sync session setup)\n    this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState!.unsubscribeCallbacks.add(\n      unsubscribe,\n    )\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  private sendChangesToPipeline(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    callback?: () => boolean,\n  ) {\n    // currentSyncState and input are always defined when this method is called\n    // (only called from active subscriptions during a sync session)\n    const input =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState!.inputs[this.alias]!\n    const sentChanges = sendChangesToInput(\n      input,\n      changes,\n      this.collection.config.getKey,\n    )\n\n    // Do not provide the callback that loads more data\n    // if there's no more data to load\n    // otherwise we end up in an infinite loop trying to load more data\n    const dataLoader = sentChanges > 0 ? callback : undefined\n\n    // We need to schedule a graph run even if there's no data to load\n    // because we need to mark the collection as ready if it's not already\n    // and that's only done in `scheduleGraphRun`\n    this.collectionConfigBuilder.scheduleGraphRun(dataLoader, {\n      alias: this.alias,\n    })\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToMatchingChanges(\n    whereExpression: BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined,\n    includeInitialState: boolean = false,\n  ) {\n    const sendChanges = (\n      changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    ) => {\n      this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes)\n    }\n\n    const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChanges, {\n      includeInitialState,\n      whereExpression,\n    })\n\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToOrderedChanges(\n    whereExpression: BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined,\n    orderByInfo: OrderByOptimizationInfo,\n  ) {\n    const { orderBy, offset, limit, index } = orderByInfo\n\n    const sendChangesInRange = (\n      changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    ) => {\n      // Split live updates into a delete of the old value and an insert of the new value\n      const splittedChanges = splitUpdates(changes)\n      this.sendChangesToPipelineWithTracking(splittedChanges, subscription)\n    }\n\n    // Subscribe to changes and only send changes that are smaller than the biggest value we've sent so far\n    // values that are bigger don't need to be sent because they can't affect the topK\n    const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChangesInRange, {\n      whereExpression,\n    })\n\n    // Listen for truncate events to reset cursor tracking state\n    // This ensures that after a must-refetch/truncate, we don't use stale cursor data\n    const truncateUnsubscribe = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {\n      this.biggest = undefined\n    })\n\n    // Clean up truncate listener when subscription is unsubscribed\n    subscription.on(`unsubscribed`, () => {\n      truncateUnsubscribe()\n    })\n\n    // Normalize the orderBy clauses such that the references are relative to the collection\n    const normalizedOrderBy = normalizeOrderByPaths(orderBy, this.alias)\n\n    if (index) {\n      // We have an index on the first orderBy column - use lazy loading optimization\n      // This works for both single-column and multi-column orderBy:\n      // - Single-column: index provides exact ordering\n      // - Multi-column: index provides ordering on first column, secondary sort in memory\n      subscription.setOrderByIndex(index)\n\n      // Load the first `offset + limit` values from the index\n      // i.e. the K items from the collection that fall into the requested range: [offset, offset + limit[\n      subscription.requestLimitedSnapshot({\n        limit: offset + limit,\n        orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n      })\n    } else {\n      // No index available (e.g., non-ref expression): pass orderBy/limit to loadSubset\n      // so the sync layer can optimize if the backend supports it\n      subscription.requestSnapshot({\n        orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n        limit: offset + limit,\n      })\n    }\n\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  // This function is called by maybeRunGraph\n  // after each iteration of the query pipeline\n  // to ensure that the orderBy operator has enough data to work with\n  loadMoreIfNeeded(subscription: CollectionSubscription) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      // This query has no orderBy operator\n      // so there's no data to load\n      return true\n    }\n\n    const { dataNeeded } = orderByInfo\n\n    if (!dataNeeded) {\n      // dataNeeded is not set when there's no index (e.g., non-ref expression).\n      // In this case, we've already loaded all data via requestSnapshot\n      // and don't need to lazily load more.\n      return true\n    }\n\n    // `dataNeeded` probes the orderBy operator to see if it needs more data\n    // if it needs more data, it returns the number of items it needs\n    const n = dataNeeded()\n    if (n > 0) {\n      this.loadNextItems(n, subscription)\n    }\n    return true\n  }\n\n  private sendChangesToPipelineWithTracking(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    subscription: CollectionSubscription,\n  ) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes)\n      return\n    }\n\n    const trackedChanges = this.trackSentValues(changes, orderByInfo.comparator)\n\n    // Cache the loadMoreIfNeeded callback on the subscription using a symbol property.\n    // This ensures we pass the same function instance to the scheduler each time,\n    // allowing it to deduplicate callbacks when multiple changes arrive during a transaction.\n    type SubscriptionWithLoader = CollectionSubscription & {\n      [loadMoreCallbackSymbol]?: () => boolean\n    }\n\n    const subscriptionWithLoader = subscription as SubscriptionWithLoader\n\n    subscriptionWithLoader[loadMoreCallbackSymbol] ??=\n      this.loadMoreIfNeeded.bind(this, subscription)\n\n    this.sendChangesToPipeline(\n      trackedChanges,\n      subscriptionWithLoader[loadMoreCallbackSymbol],\n    )\n  }\n\n  // Loads the next `n` items from the collection\n  // starting from the biggest item it has sent\n  private loadNextItems(n: number, subscription: CollectionSubscription) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      return\n    }\n    const { orderBy, valueExtractorForRawRow, offset } = orderByInfo\n    const biggestSentRow = this.biggest\n\n    // Extract all orderBy column values from the biggest sent row\n    // For single-column: returns single value, for multi-column: returns array\n    const extractedValues = biggestSentRow\n      ? valueExtractorForRawRow(biggestSentRow)\n      : undefined\n\n    // Normalize to array format for minValues\n    const minValues =\n      extractedValues !== undefined\n        ? Array.isArray(extractedValues)\n          ? extractedValues\n          : [extractedValues]\n        : undefined\n\n    // Normalize the orderBy clauses such that the references are relative to the collection\n    const normalizedOrderBy = normalizeOrderByPaths(orderBy, this.alias)\n\n    // Take the `n` items after the biggest sent value\n    // Pass the current window offset to ensure proper deduplication\n    subscription.requestLimitedSnapshot({\n      orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n      limit: n,\n      minValues,\n      offset,\n    })\n  }\n\n  private getWhereClauseForAlias(): BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined {\n    const sourceWhereClausesCache =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.sourceWhereClausesCache\n    if (!sourceWhereClausesCache) {\n      return undefined\n    }\n    return sourceWhereClausesCache.get(this.alias)\n  }\n\n  private getOrderByInfo(): OrderByOptimizationInfo | undefined {\n    const info =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.optimizableOrderByCollections[\n        this.collectionId\n      ]\n    if (info && info.alias === this.alias) {\n      return info\n    }\n    return undefined\n  }\n\n  private *trackSentValues(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    comparator: (a: any, b: any) => number,\n  ) {\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      // Only track inserts/updates for cursor positioning, not deletes\n      if (change.type !== `delete`) {\n        if (!this.biggest) {\n          this.biggest = change.value\n        } else if (comparator(this.biggest, change.value) < 0) {\n          this.biggest = change.value\n        }\n      }\n\n      yield change\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Helper function to send changes to a D2 input stream\n */\nfunction sendChangesToInput(\n  input: RootStreamBuilder<unknown>,\n  changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage>,\n  getKey: (item: ChangeMessage[`value`]) => any,\n): number {\n  const multiSetArray: MultiSetArray<unknown> = []\n  for (const change of changes) {\n    const key = getKey(change.value)\n    if (change.type === `insert`) {\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], 1])\n    } else if (change.type === `update`) {\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.previousValue], -1])\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], 1])\n    } else {\n      // change.type === `delete`\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], -1])\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (multiSetArray.length !== 0) {\n    input.sendData(new MultiSet(multiSetArray))\n  }\n\n  return multiSetArray.length\n}\n\n/** Splits updates into a delete of the old value and an insert of the new value */\nfunction* splitUpdates<\n  T extends object = Record<string, unknown>,\n  TKey extends string | number = string | number,\n>(\n  changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<T, TKey>>,\n): Generator<ChangeMessage<T, TKey>> {\n  for (const change of changes) {\n    if (change.type === `update`) {\n      yield { type: `delete`, key: change.key, value: change.previousValue! 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+{"version":3,"file":"collection-subscriber.cjs","sources":["../../../../src/query/live/collection-subscriber.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { MultiSet } from '@tanstack/db-ivm'\nimport {\n  normalizeExpressionPaths,\n  normalizeOrderByPaths,\n} from '../compiler/expressions.js'\nimport type { MultiSetArray, RootStreamBuilder } from '@tanstack/db-ivm'\nimport type { Collection } from '../../collection/index.js'\nimport type { ChangeMessage } from '../../types.js'\nimport type { Context, GetResult } from '../builder/types.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression } from '../ir.js'\nimport type { OrderByOptimizationInfo } from '../compiler/order-by.js'\nimport type { CollectionConfigBuilder } from './collection-config-builder.js'\nimport type { CollectionSubscription } from '../../collection/subscription.js'\n\nconst loadMoreCallbackSymbol = Symbol.for(\n  `@tanstack/db.collection-config-builder`,\n)\n\nexport class CollectionSubscriber<\n  TContext extends Context,\n  TResult extends object = GetResult<TContext>,\n> {\n  // Keep track of the biggest value we've sent so far (needed for orderBy optimization)\n  private biggest: any = undefined\n\n  // Track deferred promises for subscription loading states\n  private subscriptionLoadingPromises = new Map<\n    CollectionSubscription,\n    { resolve: () => void }\n  >()\n\n  // Track keys that have been sent to the D2 pipeline to prevent duplicate inserts\n  // This is necessary because different code paths (initial load, change events)\n  // can potentially send the same item to D2 multiple times.\n  private sentToD2Keys = new Set<string | number>()\n\n  constructor(\n    private alias: string,\n    private collectionId: string,\n    private collection: Collection,\n    private collectionConfigBuilder: CollectionConfigBuilder<TContext, TResult>,\n  ) {}\n\n  subscribe(): CollectionSubscription {\n    const whereClause = this.getWhereClauseForAlias()\n\n    if (whereClause) {\n      const whereExpression = normalizeExpressionPaths(whereClause, this.alias)\n      return this.subscribeToChanges(whereExpression)\n    }\n\n    return this.subscribeToChanges()\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToChanges(whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>) {\n    let subscription: CollectionSubscription\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (orderByInfo) {\n      subscription = this.subscribeToOrderedChanges(\n        whereExpression,\n        orderByInfo,\n      )\n    } else {\n      // If the source alias is lazy then we should not include the initial state\n      const includeInitialState = !this.collectionConfigBuilder.isLazyAlias(\n        this.alias,\n      )\n\n      subscription = this.subscribeToMatchingChanges(\n        whereExpression,\n        includeInitialState,\n      )\n    }\n\n    const trackLoadPromise = () => {\n      // Guard against duplicate transitions\n      if (!this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.has(subscription)) {\n        let resolve: () => void\n        const promise = new Promise<void>((res) => {\n          resolve = res\n        })\n\n        this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.set(subscription, {\n          resolve: resolve!,\n        })\n        this.collectionConfigBuilder.liveQueryCollection!._sync.trackLoadPromise(\n          promise,\n        )\n      }\n    }\n\n    // It can be that we are not yet subscribed when the first `loadSubset` call happens (i.e. the initial query).\n    // So we also check the status here and if it's `loadingSubset` then we track the load promise\n    if (subscription.status === `loadingSubset`) {\n      trackLoadPromise()\n    }\n\n    // Subscribe to subscription status changes to propagate loading state\n    const statusUnsubscribe = subscription.on(`status:change`, (event) => {\n      if (event.status === `loadingSubset`) {\n        trackLoadPromise()\n      } else {\n        // status is 'ready'\n        const deferred = this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.get(subscription)\n        if (deferred) {\n          // Clear the map entry FIRST (before resolving)\n          this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.delete(subscription)\n          deferred.resolve()\n        }\n      }\n    })\n\n    const unsubscribe = () => {\n      // If subscription has a pending promise, resolve it before unsubscribing\n      const deferred = this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.get(subscription)\n      if (deferred) {\n        // Clear the map entry FIRST (before resolving)\n        this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.delete(subscription)\n        deferred.resolve()\n      }\n\n      statusUnsubscribe()\n      subscription.unsubscribe()\n    }\n    // currentSyncState is always defined when subscribe() is called\n    // (called during sync session setup)\n    this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState!.unsubscribeCallbacks.add(\n      unsubscribe,\n    )\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  private sendChangesToPipeline(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    callback?: () => boolean,\n  ) {\n    // Filter changes to prevent duplicate inserts to D2 pipeline.\n    // This ensures D2 multiplicity stays at 1 for visible items, so deletes\n    // properly reduce multiplicity to 0 (triggering DELETE output).\n    const changesArray = Array.isArray(changes) ? changes : [...changes]\n    const filteredChanges: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>> = []\n    for (const change of changesArray) {\n      if (change.type === `insert`) {\n        if (this.sentToD2Keys.has(change.key)) {\n          // Skip duplicate insert - already sent to D2\n          continue\n        }\n        this.sentToD2Keys.add(change.key)\n      } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n        // Remove from tracking so future re-inserts are allowed\n        this.sentToD2Keys.delete(change.key)\n      }\n      // Updates are handled as delete+insert by splitUpdates, so no special handling needed\n      filteredChanges.push(change)\n    }\n\n    // currentSyncState and input are always defined when this method is called\n    // (only called from active subscriptions during a sync session)\n    const input =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState!.inputs[this.alias]!\n    const sentChanges = sendChangesToInput(\n      input,\n      filteredChanges,\n      this.collection.config.getKey,\n    )\n\n    // Do not provide the callback that loads more data\n    // if there's no more data to load\n    // otherwise we end up in an infinite loop trying to load more data\n    const dataLoader = sentChanges > 0 ? callback : undefined\n\n    // We need to schedule a graph run even if there's no data to load\n    // because we need to mark the collection as ready if it's not already\n    // and that's only done in `scheduleGraphRun`\n    this.collectionConfigBuilder.scheduleGraphRun(dataLoader, {\n      alias: this.alias,\n    })\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToMatchingChanges(\n    whereExpression: BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined,\n    includeInitialState: boolean = false,\n  ) {\n    const sendChanges = (\n      changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    ) => {\n      this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes)\n    }\n\n    // Only pass includeInitialState when true. When it's false, we leave it\n    // undefined so that user subscriptions with explicit `includeInitialState: false`\n    // can be distinguished from internal lazy-loading subscriptions.\n    // If we pass `false`, changes.ts would call markAllStateAsSeen() which\n    // disables filtering - but internal subscriptions still need filtering.\n    const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChanges, {\n      ...(includeInitialState && { includeInitialState }),\n      whereExpression,\n    })\n\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToOrderedChanges(\n    whereExpression: BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined,\n    orderByInfo: OrderByOptimizationInfo,\n  ) {\n    const { orderBy, offset, limit, index } = orderByInfo\n\n    const sendChangesInRange = (\n      changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    ) => {\n      // Split live updates into a delete of the old value and an insert of the new value\n      const splittedChanges = splitUpdates(changes)\n      this.sendChangesToPipelineWithTracking(splittedChanges, subscription)\n    }\n\n    // Subscribe to changes and only send changes that are smaller than the biggest value we've sent so far\n    // values that are bigger don't need to be sent because they can't affect the topK\n    const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChangesInRange, {\n      whereExpression,\n    })\n\n    // Listen for truncate events to reset cursor tracking state and sentToD2Keys\n    // This ensures that after a must-refetch/truncate, we don't use stale cursor data\n    // and allow re-inserts of previously sent keys\n    const truncateUnsubscribe = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {\n      this.biggest = undefined\n      this.sentToD2Keys.clear()\n    })\n\n    // Clean up truncate listener when subscription is unsubscribed\n    subscription.on(`unsubscribed`, () => {\n      truncateUnsubscribe()\n    })\n\n    // Normalize the orderBy clauses such that the references are relative to the collection\n    const normalizedOrderBy = normalizeOrderByPaths(orderBy, this.alias)\n\n    if (index) {\n      // We have an index on the first orderBy column - use lazy loading optimization\n      // This works for both single-column and multi-column orderBy:\n      // - Single-column: index provides exact ordering\n      // - Multi-column: index provides ordering on first column, secondary sort in memory\n      subscription.setOrderByIndex(index)\n\n      // Load the first `offset + limit` values from the index\n      // i.e. the K items from the collection that fall into the requested range: [offset, offset + limit[\n      subscription.requestLimitedSnapshot({\n        limit: offset + limit,\n        orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n      })\n    } else {\n      // No index available (e.g., non-ref expression): pass orderBy/limit to loadSubset\n      // so the sync layer can optimize if the backend supports it\n      subscription.requestSnapshot({\n        orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n        limit: offset + limit,\n      })\n    }\n\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  // This function is called by maybeRunGraph\n  // after each iteration of the query pipeline\n  // to ensure that the orderBy operator has enough data to work with\n  loadMoreIfNeeded(subscription: CollectionSubscription) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      // This query has no orderBy operator\n      // so there's no data to load\n      return true\n    }\n\n    const { dataNeeded } = orderByInfo\n\n    if (!dataNeeded) {\n      // dataNeeded is not set when there's no index (e.g., non-ref expression).\n      // In this case, we've already loaded all data via requestSnapshot\n      // and don't need to lazily load more.\n      return true\n    }\n\n    // `dataNeeded` probes the orderBy operator to see if it needs more data\n    // if it needs more data, it returns the number of items it needs\n    const n = dataNeeded()\n    if (n > 0) {\n      this.loadNextItems(n, subscription)\n    }\n    return true\n  }\n\n  private sendChangesToPipelineWithTracking(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    subscription: CollectionSubscription,\n  ) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes)\n      return\n    }\n\n    const trackedChanges = this.trackSentValues(changes, orderByInfo.comparator)\n\n    // Cache the loadMoreIfNeeded callback on the subscription using a symbol property.\n    // This ensures we pass the same function instance to the scheduler each time,\n    // allowing it to deduplicate callbacks when multiple changes arrive during a transaction.\n    type SubscriptionWithLoader = CollectionSubscription & {\n      [loadMoreCallbackSymbol]?: () => boolean\n    }\n\n    const subscriptionWithLoader = subscription as SubscriptionWithLoader\n\n    subscriptionWithLoader[loadMoreCallbackSymbol] ??=\n      this.loadMoreIfNeeded.bind(this, subscription)\n\n    this.sendChangesToPipeline(\n      trackedChanges,\n      subscriptionWithLoader[loadMoreCallbackSymbol],\n    )\n  }\n\n  // Loads the next `n` items from the collection\n  // starting from the biggest item it has sent\n  private loadNextItems(n: number, subscription: CollectionSubscription) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      return\n    }\n    const { orderBy, valueExtractorForRawRow, offset } = orderByInfo\n    const biggestSentRow = this.biggest\n\n    // Extract all orderBy column values from the biggest sent row\n    // For single-column: returns single value, for multi-column: returns array\n    const extractedValues = biggestSentRow\n      ? valueExtractorForRawRow(biggestSentRow)\n      : undefined\n\n    // Normalize to array format for minValues\n    const minValues =\n      extractedValues !== undefined\n        ? Array.isArray(extractedValues)\n          ? extractedValues\n          : [extractedValues]\n        : undefined\n\n    // Normalize the orderBy clauses such that the references are relative to the collection\n    const normalizedOrderBy = normalizeOrderByPaths(orderBy, this.alias)\n\n    // Take the `n` items after the biggest sent value\n    // Pass the current window offset to ensure proper deduplication\n    subscription.requestLimitedSnapshot({\n      orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n      limit: n,\n      minValues,\n      offset,\n    })\n  }\n\n  private getWhereClauseForAlias(): BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined {\n    const sourceWhereClausesCache =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.sourceWhereClausesCache\n    if (!sourceWhereClausesCache) {\n      return undefined\n    }\n    return sourceWhereClausesCache.get(this.alias)\n  }\n\n  private getOrderByInfo(): OrderByOptimizationInfo | undefined {\n    const info =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.optimizableOrderByCollections[\n        this.collectionId\n      ]\n    if (info && info.alias === this.alias) {\n      return info\n    }\n    return undefined\n  }\n\n  private *trackSentValues(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    comparator: (a: any, b: any) => number,\n  ) {\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      // Only track inserts/updates for cursor positioning, not deletes\n      if (change.type !== `delete`) {\n        if (!this.biggest) {\n          this.biggest = change.value\n        } else if (comparator(this.biggest, change.value) < 0) {\n          this.biggest = change.value\n        }\n      }\n\n      yield change\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Helper function to send changes to a D2 input stream\n */\nfunction sendChangesToInput(\n  input: RootStreamBuilder<unknown>,\n  changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage>,\n  getKey: (item: ChangeMessage[`value`]) => any,\n): number {\n  const multiSetArray: MultiSetArray<unknown> = []\n  for (const change of changes) {\n    const key = getKey(change.value)\n    if (change.type === `insert`) {\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], 1])\n    } else if (change.type === `update`) {\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.previousValue], -1])\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], 1])\n    } else {\n      // change.type === `delete`\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], -1])\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (multiSetArray.length !== 0) {\n    input.sendData(new MultiSet(multiSetArray))\n  }\n\n  return multiSetArray.length\n}\n\n/** Splits updates into a delete of the old value and an insert of the new value */\nfunction* splitUpdates<\n  T extends object = Record<string, unknown>,\n  TKey extends string | number = string | number,\n>(\n  changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<T, TKey>>,\n): Generator<ChangeMessage<T, TKey>> {\n  for (const change of changes) {\n    if (change.type === `update`) {\n      yield { type: `delete`, key: change.key, value: change.previousValue! }\n      yield { type: `insert`, key: change.key, value: change.value }\n    } else {\n      yield change\n    }\n  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package/dist/cjs/query/live/collection-subscriber.d.cts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export declare class CollectionSubscriber<TContext extends Context, TResult exte
     private collectionConfigBuilder;
     private biggest;
     private subscriptionLoadingPromises;
+    private sentToD2Keys;
     constructor(alias: string, collectionId: string, collection: Collection, collectionConfigBuilder: CollectionConfigBuilder<TContext, TResult>);
     subscribe(): CollectionSubscription;
     private subscribeToChanges;

package/dist/esm/collection/subscription.d.ts

@@ -46,8 +46,28 @@ export declare class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEve
     private orderByIndex;
     private _status;
     private pendingLoadSubsetPromises;
+    private truncateCleanup;
+    private isBufferingForTruncate;
+    private truncateBuffer;
+    private pendingTruncateRefetches;
     get status(): SubscriptionStatus;
     constructor(collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>, callback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void, options: CollectionSubscriptionOptions);
+    /**
+     * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.
+     * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.
+     *
+     * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate
+     * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.
+     */
+    private handleTruncate;
+    /**
+     * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so
+     */
+    private checkTruncateRefetchComplete;
+    /**
+     * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback
+     */
+    private flushTruncateBuffer;
     setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>): void;
     /**
      * Set subscription status and emit events if changed

package/dist/esm/collection/subscription.js

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
     this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
     this._status = `ready`;
     this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
     if (options.onUnsubscribe) {
       this.on(`unsubscribed`, (event) => options.onUnsubscribe(event));
     }
@@ -30,10 +33,80 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
     };
     this.callback = callbackWithSentKeysTracking;
     this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression ? createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options) : this.callback;
+    this.truncateCleanup = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {
+      this.handleTruncate();
+    });
   }
   get status() {
     return this._status;
   }
+  /**
+   * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.
+   * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.
+   *
+   * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate
+   * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.
+   */
+  handleTruncate() {
+    const subsetsToReload = [...this.loadedSubsets];
+    const hasLoadSubsetHandler = this.collection._sync.syncLoadSubsetFn !== null;
+    if (subsetsToReload.length === 0 || !hasLoadSubsetHandler) {
+      this.snapshotSent = false;
+      this.loadedInitialState = false;
+      this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
+      this.lastSentKey = void 0;
+      this.loadedSubsets = [];
+      return;
+    }
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = true;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear();
+    this.snapshotSent = false;
+    this.loadedInitialState = false;
+    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
+    this.lastSentKey = void 0;
+    this.loadedSubsets = [];
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      if (!this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+        return;
+      }
+      for (const options of subsetsToReload) {
+        const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(options);
+        this.loadedSubsets.push(options);
+        this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult);
+        if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {
+          this.pendingTruncateRefetches.add(syncResult);
+          syncResult.catch(() => {
+          }).finally(() => {
+            this.pendingTruncateRefetches.delete(syncResult);
+            this.checkTruncateRefetchComplete();
+          });
+        }
+      }
+      if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0) {
+        this.flushTruncateBuffer();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  /**
+   * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so
+   */
+  checkTruncateRefetchComplete() {
+    if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0 && this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+      this.flushTruncateBuffer();
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback
+   */
+  flushTruncateBuffer() {
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    const merged = this.truncateBuffer.flat();
+    if (merged.length > 0) {
+      this.filteredCallback(merged);
+    }
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+  }
   setOrderByIndex(index) {
     this.orderByIndex = index;
   }
@@ -83,7 +156,13 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
   }
   emitEvents(changes) {
     const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes);
-    this.filteredCallback(newChanges);
+    if (this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+      if (newChanges.length > 0) {
+        this.truncateBuffer.push(newChanges);
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.filteredCallback(newChanges);
+    }
   }
   /**
    * Sends the snapshot to the callback.
@@ -279,6 +358,7 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
     if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {
       return changes;
     }
+    const skipDeleteFilter = this.isBufferingForTruncate;
     const newChanges = [];
     for (const change of changes) {
       let newChange = change;
@@ -287,7 +367,9 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
         if (change.type === `update`) {
           newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: void 0 };
         } else if (change.type === `delete`) {
-          continue;
+          if (!skipDeleteFilter) {
+            continue;
+          }
         }
         this.sentKeys.add(change.key);
       } else {
@@ -322,6 +404,11 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
     this.skipFiltering = true;
   }
   unsubscribe() {
+    this.truncateCleanup?.();
+    this.truncateCleanup = void 0;
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear();
     for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {
       this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options);
     }

package/dist/esm/collection/subscription.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"subscription.js","sources":["../../../src/collection/subscription.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { ensureIndexForExpression } from '../indexes/auto-index.js'\nimport { and, eq, gte, lt } from '../query/builder/functions.js'\nimport { Value } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport { EventEmitter } from '../event-emitter.js'\nimport { buildCursor } from '../utils/cursor.js'\nimport {\n  createFilterFunctionFromExpression,\n  createFilteredCallback,\n} from './change-events.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression, OrderBy } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport type { IndexInterface } from '../indexes/base-index.js'\nimport type {\n  ChangeMessage,\n  LoadSubsetOptions,\n  Subscription,\n  SubscriptionEvents,\n  SubscriptionStatus,\n  SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent,\n} from '../types.js'\nimport type { CollectionImpl } from './index.js'\n\ntype RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n  where?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  optimizedOnly?: boolean\n  trackLoadSubsetPromise?: boolean\n  /** Optional orderBy to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  orderBy?: OrderBy\n  /** Optional limit to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  limit?: number\n}\n\ntype RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions = {\n  orderBy: OrderBy\n  limit: number\n  /** All column values for cursor (first value used for local index, all values for sync layer) */\n  minValues?: Array<unknown>\n  /** Row offset for offset-based pagination (passed to sync layer) */\n  offset?: number\n}\n\ntype CollectionSubscriptionOptions = {\n  includeInitialState?: boolean\n  /** Pre-compiled expression for filtering changes */\n  whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  /** Callback to call when the subscription is unsubscribed */\n  onUnsubscribe?: (event: SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent) => void\n}\n\nexport class CollectionSubscription\n  extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEvents>\n  implements Subscription\n{\n  private loadedInitialState = false\n\n  // Flag to skip filtering in filterAndFlipChanges.\n  // This is separate from loadedInitialState because we want to allow\n  // requestSnapshot to still work even when filtering is skipped.\n  private skipFiltering = false\n\n  // Flag to indicate that we have sent at least 1 snapshot.\n  // While `snapshotSent` is false we filter out all changes from subscription to the collection.\n  private snapshotSent = false\n\n  /**\n   * Track all loadSubset calls made by this subscription so we can unload them on cleanup.\n   * We store the exact LoadSubsetOptions we passed to loadSubset to ensure symmetric unload.\n   */\n  private loadedSubsets: Array<LoadSubsetOptions> = []\n\n  // Keep track of the keys we've sent (needed for join and orderBy optimizations)\n  private sentKeys = new Set<string | number>()\n\n  // Track the count of rows sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for offset-based pagination\n  private limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n\n  // Track the last key sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for cursor-based pagination\n  private lastSentKey: string | number | undefined\n\n  private filteredCallback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void\n\n  private orderByIndex: IndexInterface<string | number> | undefined\n\n  // Status tracking\n  private _status: SubscriptionStatus = `ready`\n  private pendingLoadSubsetPromises: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  public get status(): SubscriptionStatus {\n    return this._status\n  }\n\n  constructor(\n    private collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>,\n    private callback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void,\n    private options: CollectionSubscriptionOptions,\n  ) {\n    super()\n    if (options.onUnsubscribe) {\n      this.on(`unsubscribed`, (event) => options.onUnsubscribe!(event))\n    }\n\n    // Auto-index for where expressions if enabled\n    if (options.whereExpression) {\n      ensureIndexForExpression(options.whereExpression, this.collection)\n    }\n\n    const callbackWithSentKeysTracking = (\n      changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>,\n    ) => {\n      callback(changes)\n      this.trackSentKeys(changes)\n    }\n\n    this.callback = callbackWithSentKeysTracking\n\n    // Create a filtered callback if where clause is provided\n    this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression\n      ? createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options)\n      : this.callback\n  }\n\n  setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>) {\n    this.orderByIndex = index\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Set subscription status and emit events if changed\n   */\n  private setStatus(newStatus: SubscriptionStatus) {\n    if (this._status === newStatus) {\n      return // No change\n    }\n\n    const previousStatus = this._status\n    this._status = newStatus\n\n    // Emit status:change event\n    this.emitInner(`status:change`, {\n      type: `status:change`,\n      subscription: this,\n      previousStatus,\n      status: newStatus,\n    })\n\n    // Emit specific status event\n    const eventKey: `status:${SubscriptionStatus}` = `status:${newStatus}`\n    this.emitInner(eventKey, {\n      type: eventKey,\n      subscription: this,\n      previousStatus,\n      status: newStatus,\n    } as SubscriptionEvents[typeof eventKey])\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Track a loadSubset promise and manage loading status\n   */\n  private trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult: Promise<void> | true) {\n    // Track the promise if it's actually a promise (async work)\n    if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {\n      this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.add(syncResult)\n      this.setStatus(`loadingSubset`)\n\n      syncResult.finally(() => {\n        this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.delete(syncResult)\n        if (this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.size === 0) {\n          this.setStatus(`ready`)\n        }\n      })\n    }\n  }\n\n  hasLoadedInitialState() {\n    return this.loadedInitialState\n  }\n\n  hasSentAtLeastOneSnapshot() {\n    return this.snapshotSent\n  }\n\n  emitEvents(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes)\n    this.filteredCallback(newChanges)\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends the snapshot to the callback.\n   * Returns a boolean indicating if it succeeded.\n   * It can only fail if there is no index to fulfill the request\n   * and the optimizedOnly option is set to true,\n   * or, the entire state was already loaded.\n   */\n  requestSnapshot(opts?: RequestSnapshotOptions): boolean {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState) {\n      // Subscription was deoptimized so we already sent the entire initial state\n      return false\n    }\n\n    const stateOpts: RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n      where: this.options.whereExpression,\n      optimizedOnly: opts?.optimizedOnly ?? false,\n    }\n\n    if (opts) {\n      if (`where` in opts) {\n        const snapshotWhereExp = opts.where\n        if (stateOpts.where) {\n          // Combine the two where expressions\n          const subWhereExp = stateOpts.where\n          const combinedWhereExp = and(subWhereExp, snapshotWhereExp)\n          stateOpts.where = combinedWhereExp\n        } else {\n          stateOpts.where = snapshotWhereExp\n        }\n      }\n    } else {\n      // No options provided so it's loading the entire initial state\n      this.loadedInitialState = true\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    const loadOptions: LoadSubsetOptions = {\n      where: stateOpts.where,\n      subscription: this,\n      // Include orderBy and limit if provided so sync layer can optimize the query\n      orderBy: opts?.orderBy,\n      limit: opts?.limit,\n    }\n    const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(loadOptions)\n\n    // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later\n    this.loadedSubsets.push(loadOptions)\n\n    const trackLoadSubsetPromise = opts?.trackLoadSubsetPromise ?? true\n    if (trackLoadSubsetPromise) {\n      this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n    }\n\n    // Also load data immediately from the collection\n    const snapshot = this.collection.currentStateAsChanges(stateOpts)\n\n    if (snapshot === undefined) {\n      // Couldn't load from indexes\n      return false\n    }\n\n    // Only send changes that have not been sent yet\n    const filteredSnapshot = snapshot.filter(\n      (change) => !this.sentKeys.has(change.key),\n    )\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will see\n    // the keys already in sentKeys and filter out duplicates correctly.\n    for (const change of filteredSnapshot) {\n      this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n    }\n\n    this.snapshotSent = true\n    this.callback(filteredSnapshot)\n    return true\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends a snapshot that fulfills the `where` clause and all rows are bigger or equal to the cursor.\n   * Requires a range index to be set with `setOrderByIndex` prior to calling this method.\n   * It uses that range index to load the items in the order of the index.\n   *\n   * For multi-column orderBy:\n   * - Uses first value from `minValues` for LOCAL index operations (wide bounds, ensures no missed rows)\n   * - Uses all `minValues` to build a precise composite cursor for SYNC layer loadSubset\n   *\n   * Note 1: it may load more rows than the provided LIMIT because it loads all values equal to the first cursor value + limit values greater.\n   *         This is needed to ensure that it does not accidentally skip duplicate values when the limit falls in the middle of some duplicated values.\n   * Note 2: it does not send keys that have already been sent before.\n   */\n  requestLimitedSnapshot({\n    orderBy,\n    limit,\n    minValues,\n    offset,\n  }: RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions) {\n    if (!limit) throw new Error(`limit is required`)\n\n    if (!this.orderByIndex) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Ordered snapshot was requested but no index was found. You have to call setOrderByIndex before requesting an ordered snapshot.`,\n      )\n    }\n\n    // Derive first column value from minValues (used for local index operations)\n    const minValue = minValues?.[0]\n    // Cast for index operations (index expects string | number)\n    const minValueForIndex = minValue as string | number | undefined\n\n    const index = this.orderByIndex\n    const where = this.options.whereExpression\n    const whereFilterFn = where\n      ? createFilterFunctionFromExpression(where)\n      : undefined\n\n    const filterFn = (key: string | number): boolean => {\n      if (this.sentKeys.has(key)) {\n        return false\n      }\n\n      const value = this.collection.get(key)\n      if (value === undefined) {\n        return false\n      }\n\n      return whereFilterFn?.(value) ?? true\n    }\n\n    let biggestObservedValue = minValueForIndex\n    const changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>> = []\n\n    // If we have a minValue we need to handle the case\n    // where there might be duplicate values equal to minValue that we need to include\n    // because we can have data like this: [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5]\n    // so if minValue is 3 then the previous snapshot may not have included all 3s\n    // e.g. if it was offset 0 and limit 3 it would only have loaded the first 3\n    //      so we load all rows equal to minValue first, to be sure we don't skip any duplicate values\n    //\n    // For multi-column orderBy, we use the first column value for index operations (wide bounds)\n    // This may load some duplicates but ensures we never miss any rows.\n    let keys: Array<string | number> = []\n    if (minValueForIndex !== undefined) {\n      // First, get all items with the same FIRST COLUMN value as minValue\n      // This provides wide bounds for the local index\n      const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n      const allRowsWithMinValue = this.collection.currentStateAsChanges({\n        where: eq(expression, new Value(minValueForIndex)),\n      })\n\n      if (allRowsWithMinValue) {\n        const keysWithMinValue = allRowsWithMinValue\n          .map((change) => change.key)\n          .filter((key) => !this.sentKeys.has(key) && filterFn(key))\n\n        // Add items with the minValue first\n        keys.push(...keysWithMinValue)\n\n        // Then get items greater than minValue\n        const keysGreaterThanMin = index.take(\n          limit - keys.length,\n          minValueForIndex,\n          filterFn,\n        )\n        keys.push(...keysGreaterThanMin)\n      } else {\n        keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n      }\n    } else {\n      keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    const valuesNeeded = () => Math.max(limit - changes.length, 0)\n    const collectionExhausted = () => keys.length === 0\n\n    while (valuesNeeded() > 0 && !collectionExhausted()) {\n      const insertedKeys = new Set<string | number>() // Track keys we add to `changes` in this iteration\n\n      for (const key of keys) {\n        const value = this.collection.get(key)!\n        changes.push({\n          type: `insert`,\n          key,\n          value,\n        })\n        biggestObservedValue = value\n        insertedKeys.add(key) // Track this key\n      }\n\n      keys = index.take(valuesNeeded(), biggestObservedValue, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    // Track row count for offset-based pagination (before sending to callback)\n    // Use the current count as the offset for this load\n    const currentOffset = this.limitedSnapshotRowCount\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will see\n    // the keys already in sentKeys and filter out duplicates correctly.\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n    }\n\n    this.callback(changes)\n\n    // Update the row count and last key after sending (for next call's offset/cursor)\n    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount += changes.length\n    if (changes.length > 0) {\n      this.lastSentKey = changes[changes.length - 1]!.key\n    }\n\n    // Build cursor expressions for sync layer loadSubset\n    // The cursor expressions are separate from the main where clause\n    // so the sync layer can choose cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    let cursorExpressions:\n      | {\n          whereFrom: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          whereCurrent: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          lastKey?: string | number\n        }\n      | undefined\n\n    if (minValues !== undefined && minValues.length > 0) {\n      const whereFromCursor = buildCursor(orderBy, minValues)\n\n      if (whereFromCursor) {\n        const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n        const minValue = minValues[0]\n\n        // Build the whereCurrent expression for the first orderBy column\n        // For Date values, we need to handle precision differences between JS (ms) and backends (μs)\n        // A JS Date represents a 1ms range, so we query for all values within that range\n        let whereCurrentCursor: BasicExpression<boolean>\n        if (minValue instanceof Date) {\n          const minValuePlus1ms = new Date(minValue.getTime() + 1)\n          whereCurrentCursor = and(\n            gte(expression, new Value(minValue)),\n            lt(expression, new Value(minValuePlus1ms)),\n          )\n        } else {\n          whereCurrentCursor = eq(expression, new Value(minValue))\n        }\n\n        cursorExpressions = {\n          whereFrom: whereFromCursor,\n          whereCurrent: whereCurrentCursor,\n          lastKey: this.lastSentKey,\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    // Note: `where` does NOT include cursor expressions - they are passed separately\n    // The sync layer can choose to use cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    const loadOptions: LoadSubsetOptions = {\n      where, // Main filter only, no cursor\n      limit,\n      orderBy,\n      cursor: cursorExpressions, // Cursor expressions passed separately\n      offset: offset ?? currentOffset, // Use provided offset, or auto-tracked offset\n      subscription: this,\n    }\n    const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(loadOptions)\n\n    // Track this loadSubset call\n    this.loadedSubsets.push(loadOptions)\n    this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n  }\n\n  // TODO: also add similar test but that checks that it can also load it from the collection's loadSubset function\n  //       and that that also works properly (i.e. does not skip duplicate values)\n\n  /**\n   * Filters and flips changes for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Deletes are filtered out for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Updates are flipped into inserts for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Duplicate inserts are filtered out to prevent D2 multiplicity > 1.\n   */\n  private filterAndFlipChanges(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // We loaded the entire initial state or filtering is explicitly skipped\n      // so no need to filter or flip changes\n      return changes\n    }\n\n    const newChanges = []\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      let newChange = change\n      const keyInSentKeys = this.sentKeys.has(change.key)\n\n      if (!keyInSentKeys) {\n        if (change.type === `update`) {\n          newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: undefined }\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // filter out deletes for keys that have not been sent\n          continue\n        }\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // Key was already sent - handle based on change type\n        if (change.type === `insert`) {\n          // Filter out duplicate inserts - the key was already inserted.\n          // This prevents D2 multiplicity from going above 1, which would\n          // cause deletes to not properly remove items (multiplicity would\n          // go from 2 to 1 instead of 1 to 0).\n          continue\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // Remove from sentKeys so future inserts for this key are allowed\n          // (e.g., after truncate + reinsert)\n          this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n        }\n      }\n      newChanges.push(newChange)\n    }\n    return newChanges\n  }\n\n  private trackSentKeys(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // No need to track sent keys if we loaded the entire state or filtering is skipped.\n      // Since filtering won't be applied, all keys are effectively \"observed\".\n      return\n    }\n\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      if (change.type === `delete`) {\n        // Remove deleted keys from sentKeys so future re-inserts are allowed\n        this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // For inserts and updates, track the key as sent\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Mark that the subscription should not filter any changes.\n   * This is used when includeInitialState is explicitly set to false,\n   * meaning the caller doesn't want initial state but does want ALL future changes.\n   */\n  markAllStateAsSeen() {\n    this.skipFiltering = true\n  }\n\n  unsubscribe() {\n    // Unload all subsets that this subscription loaded\n    // We pass the exact same LoadSubsetOptions we used for loadSubset\n    for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {\n      this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options)\n    }\n    this.loadedSubsets = []\n\n    this.emitInner(`unsubscribed`, {\n      type: `unsubscribed`,\n      subscription: this,\n    })\n    // Clear all event listeners to prevent memory leaks\n    this.clearListeners()\n  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+{"version":3,"file":"subscription.js","sources":["../../../src/collection/subscription.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { ensureIndexForExpression } from '../indexes/auto-index.js'\nimport { and, eq, gte, lt } from '../query/builder/functions.js'\nimport { Value } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport { EventEmitter } from '../event-emitter.js'\nimport { buildCursor } from '../utils/cursor.js'\nimport {\n  createFilterFunctionFromExpression,\n  createFilteredCallback,\n} from './change-events.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression, OrderBy } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport type { IndexInterface } from '../indexes/base-index.js'\nimport type {\n  ChangeMessage,\n  LoadSubsetOptions,\n  Subscription,\n  SubscriptionEvents,\n  SubscriptionStatus,\n  SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent,\n} from '../types.js'\nimport type { CollectionImpl } from './index.js'\n\ntype RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n  where?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  optimizedOnly?: boolean\n  trackLoadSubsetPromise?: boolean\n  /** Optional orderBy to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  orderBy?: OrderBy\n  /** Optional limit to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  limit?: number\n}\n\ntype RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions = {\n  orderBy: OrderBy\n  limit: number\n  /** All column values for cursor (first value used for local index, all values for sync layer) */\n  minValues?: Array<unknown>\n  /** Row offset for offset-based pagination (passed to sync layer) */\n  offset?: number\n}\n\ntype CollectionSubscriptionOptions = {\n  includeInitialState?: boolean\n  /** Pre-compiled expression for filtering changes */\n  whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  /** Callback to call when the subscription is unsubscribed */\n  onUnsubscribe?: (event: SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent) => void\n}\n\nexport class CollectionSubscription\n  extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEvents>\n  implements Subscription\n{\n  private loadedInitialState = false\n\n  // Flag to skip filtering in filterAndFlipChanges.\n  // This is separate from loadedInitialState because we want to allow\n  // requestSnapshot to still work even when filtering is skipped.\n  private skipFiltering = false\n\n  // Flag to indicate that we have sent at least 1 snapshot.\n  // While `snapshotSent` is false we filter out all changes from subscription to the collection.\n  private snapshotSent = false\n\n  /**\n   * Track all loadSubset calls made by this subscription so we can unload them on cleanup.\n   * We store the exact LoadSubsetOptions we passed to loadSubset to ensure symmetric unload.\n   */\n  private loadedSubsets: Array<LoadSubsetOptions> = []\n\n  // Keep track of the keys we've sent (needed for join and orderBy optimizations)\n  private sentKeys = new Set<string | number>()\n\n  // Track the count of rows sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for offset-based pagination\n  private limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n\n  // Track the last key sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for cursor-based pagination\n  private lastSentKey: string | number | undefined\n\n  private filteredCallback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void\n\n  private orderByIndex: IndexInterface<string | number> | undefined\n\n  // Status tracking\n  private _status: SubscriptionStatus = `ready`\n  private pendingLoadSubsetPromises: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  // Cleanup function for truncate event listener\n  private truncateCleanup: (() => void) | undefined\n\n  // Truncate buffering state\n  // When a truncate occurs, we buffer changes until all loadSubset refetches complete\n  // This prevents a flash of missing content between deletes and new inserts\n  private isBufferingForTruncate = false\n  private truncateBuffer: Array<Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>> = []\n  private pendingTruncateRefetches: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  public get status(): SubscriptionStatus {\n    return this._status\n  }\n\n  constructor(\n    private collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>,\n    private callback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void,\n    private options: CollectionSubscriptionOptions,\n  ) {\n    super()\n    if (options.onUnsubscribe) {\n      this.on(`unsubscribed`, (event) => options.onUnsubscribe!(event))\n    }\n\n    // Auto-index for where expressions if enabled\n    if (options.whereExpression) {\n      ensureIndexForExpression(options.whereExpression, this.collection)\n    }\n\n    const callbackWithSentKeysTracking = (\n      changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>,\n    ) => {\n      callback(changes)\n      this.trackSentKeys(changes)\n    }\n\n    this.callback = callbackWithSentKeysTracking\n\n    // Create a filtered callback if where clause is provided\n    this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression\n      ? createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options)\n      : this.callback\n\n    // Listen for truncate events to re-request data after must-refetch\n    // When a truncate happens (e.g., from a 409 must-refetch), all collection data is cleared.\n    // We need to re-request all previously loaded subsets to repopulate the data.\n    this.truncateCleanup = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {\n      this.handleTruncate()\n    })\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.\n   * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.\n   *\n   * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate\n   * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.\n   */\n  private handleTruncate() {\n    // Copy the loaded subsets before clearing (we'll re-request them)\n    const subsetsToReload = [...this.loadedSubsets]\n\n    // Only buffer if there's an actual loadSubset handler that can do async work.\n    // Without a loadSubset handler, there's nothing to re-request and no reason to buffer.\n    // This prevents unnecessary buffering in eager sync mode or when loadSubset isn't implemented.\n    const hasLoadSubsetHandler = this.collection._sync.syncLoadSubsetFn !== null\n\n    // If there are no subsets to reload OR no loadSubset handler, just reset state\n    if (subsetsToReload.length === 0 || !hasLoadSubsetHandler) {\n      this.snapshotSent = false\n      this.loadedInitialState = false\n      this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n      this.lastSentKey = undefined\n      this.loadedSubsets = []\n      return\n    }\n\n    // Start buffering BEFORE we receive the delete events from the truncate commit\n    // This ensures we capture both the deletes and subsequent inserts\n    this.isBufferingForTruncate = true\n    this.truncateBuffer = []\n    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear()\n\n    // Reset snapshot/pagination tracking state\n    // Note: We don't need to populate sentKeys here because filterAndFlipChanges\n    // will skip the delete filter when isBufferingForTruncate is true\n    this.snapshotSent = false\n    this.loadedInitialState = false\n    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n    this.lastSentKey = undefined\n\n    // Clear the loadedSubsets array since we're re-requesting fresh\n    this.loadedSubsets = []\n\n    // Defer the loadSubset calls to a microtask so the truncate commit's delete events\n    // are buffered BEFORE the loadSubset calls potentially trigger nested commits.\n    // This ensures correct event ordering: deletes first, then inserts.\n    queueMicrotask(() => {\n      // Check if we were unsubscribed while waiting\n      if (!this.isBufferingForTruncate) {\n        return\n      }\n\n      // Re-request all previously loaded subsets and track their promises\n      for (const options of subsetsToReload) {\n        const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(options)\n\n        // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later\n        this.loadedSubsets.push(options)\n        this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n\n        // Track the promise for buffer flushing\n        if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {\n          this.pendingTruncateRefetches.add(syncResult)\n          syncResult\n            .catch(() => {\n              // Ignore errors - we still want to flush the buffer even if some requests fail\n            })\n            .finally(() => {\n              this.pendingTruncateRefetches.delete(syncResult)\n              this.checkTruncateRefetchComplete()\n            })\n        }\n      }\n\n      // If all loadSubset calls were synchronous (returned true), flush now\n      // At this point, delete events have already been buffered from the truncate commit\n      if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0) {\n        this.flushTruncateBuffer()\n      }\n    })\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so\n   */\n  private checkTruncateRefetchComplete() {\n    if (\n      this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0 &&\n      this.isBufferingForTruncate\n    ) {\n      this.flushTruncateBuffer()\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback\n   */\n  private flushTruncateBuffer() {\n    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false\n\n    // Flatten all buffered changes into a single array for atomic emission\n    // This ensures consumers see all truncate changes (deletes + inserts) in one callback\n    const merged = this.truncateBuffer.flat()\n    if (merged.length > 0) {\n      this.filteredCallback(merged)\n    }\n\n    this.truncateBuffer = []\n  }\n\n  setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>) {\n    this.orderByIndex = index\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Set subscription status and emit events if changed\n   */\n  private setStatus(newStatus: SubscriptionStatus) {\n    if (this._status === newStatus) {\n      return // No change\n    }\n\n    const previousStatus = this._status\n    this._status = newStatus\n\n    // Emit status:change event\n    this.emitInner(`status:change`, {\n      type: `status:change`,\n      subscription: 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}\n\n  hasSentAtLeastOneSnapshot() {\n    return this.snapshotSent\n  }\n\n  emitEvents(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes)\n\n    if (this.isBufferingForTruncate) {\n      // Buffer the changes instead of emitting immediately\n      // This prevents a flash of missing content during truncate/refetch\n      if (newChanges.length > 0) {\n        this.truncateBuffer.push(newChanges)\n      }\n    } else {\n      this.filteredCallback(newChanges)\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends the snapshot to the callback.\n   * Returns a boolean indicating if it succeeded.\n   * It can only fail if there is no index to fulfill the request\n   * and the optimizedOnly option is set to true,\n   * or, the entire state was already loaded.\n   */\n  requestSnapshot(opts?: RequestSnapshotOptions): boolean {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState) {\n      // Subscription was deoptimized so we already sent the entire initial state\n      return 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provided so sync layer can optimize the query\n      orderBy: opts?.orderBy,\n      limit: opts?.limit,\n    }\n    const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(loadOptions)\n\n    // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later\n    this.loadedSubsets.push(loadOptions)\n\n    const trackLoadSubsetPromise = opts?.trackLoadSubsetPromise ?? true\n    if (trackLoadSubsetPromise) {\n      this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n    }\n\n    // Also load data immediately from the collection\n    const snapshot = this.collection.currentStateAsChanges(stateOpts)\n\n    if (snapshot === undefined) {\n      // Couldn't load from indexes\n      return false\n    }\n\n    // Only send changes that have not been sent yet\n    const filteredSnapshot = snapshot.filter(\n      (change) => !this.sentKeys.has(change.key),\n    )\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will 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duplicate values when the limit falls in the middle of some duplicated values.\n   * Note 2: it does not send keys that have already been sent before.\n   */\n  requestLimitedSnapshot({\n    orderBy,\n    limit,\n    minValues,\n    offset,\n  }: RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions) {\n    if (!limit) throw new Error(`limit is required`)\n\n    if (!this.orderByIndex) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Ordered snapshot was requested but no index was found. 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1]!.key\n    }\n\n    // Build cursor expressions for sync layer loadSubset\n    // The cursor expressions are separate from the main where clause\n    // so the sync layer can choose cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    let cursorExpressions:\n      | {\n          whereFrom: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          whereCurrent: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          lastKey?: string | number\n        }\n      | undefined\n\n    if (minValues !== undefined && minValues.length > 0) {\n      const whereFromCursor = buildCursor(orderBy, minValues)\n\n      if (whereFromCursor) {\n        const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n        const minValue = minValues[0]\n\n        // Build the whereCurrent expression for the first orderBy column\n        // For Date values, we need to handle precision differences between JS (ms) and backends (μs)\n        // A JS Date represents a 1ms range, so we query for all values within that range\n        let whereCurrentCursor: BasicExpression<boolean>\n        if (minValue instanceof Date) {\n          const minValuePlus1ms = new Date(minValue.getTime() + 1)\n          whereCurrentCursor = and(\n            gte(expression, new Value(minValue)),\n            lt(expression, new Value(minValuePlus1ms)),\n          )\n        } else {\n          whereCurrentCursor = eq(expression, new Value(minValue))\n        }\n\n        cursorExpressions = {\n          whereFrom: whereFromCursor,\n          whereCurrent: whereCurrentCursor,\n          lastKey: this.lastSentKey,\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    // Note: `where` does NOT include cursor expressions - 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If loadedInitialState was previously true, sentKeys will be empty\n    //    (trackSentKeys early-returns when loadedInitialState is true)\n    // 2. The truncate deletes are for keys that WERE sent to the subscriber\n    // 3. 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multiplicity from going above 1, which would\n          // cause deletes to not properly remove items (multiplicity would\n          // go from 2 to 1 instead of 1 to 0).\n          continue\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // Remove from sentKeys so future inserts for this key are allowed\n          // (e.g., after truncate + reinsert)\n          this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n        }\n      }\n      newChanges.push(newChange)\n    }\n    return newChanges\n  }\n\n  private trackSentKeys(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // No need to track sent keys if we loaded the entire state or filtering is skipped.\n      // Since filtering won't be applied, all keys are effectively \"observed\".\n      return\n    }\n\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      if (change.type === `delete`) {\n        // Remove deleted keys from sentKeys so future re-inserts are allowed\n        this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // For inserts and updates, track the key as sent\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Mark that the subscription should not filter any changes.\n   * This is used when includeInitialState is explicitly set to false,\n   * meaning the caller doesn't want initial state but does want ALL future changes.\n   */\n  markAllStateAsSeen() {\n    this.skipFiltering = true\n  }\n\n  unsubscribe() {\n    // Clean up truncate event listener\n    this.truncateCleanup?.()\n    this.truncateCleanup = undefined\n\n    // Clean up truncate buffer state\n    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false\n    this.truncateBuffer = []\n    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear()\n\n    // Unload all subsets that this subscription loaded\n    // We pass the exact same LoadSubsetOptions we used for loadSubset\n    for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {\n      this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options)\n    }\n    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package/dist/esm/query/live/collection-subscriber.d.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export declare class CollectionSubscriber<TContext extends Context, TResult exte
     private collectionConfigBuilder;
     private biggest;
     private subscriptionLoadingPromises;
+    private sentToD2Keys;
     constructor(alias: string, collectionId: string, collection: Collection, collectionConfigBuilder: CollectionConfigBuilder<TContext, TResult>);
     subscribe(): CollectionSubscription;
     private subscribeToChanges;

package/dist/esm/query/live/collection-subscriber.js

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ class CollectionSubscriber {
     this.collectionConfigBuilder = collectionConfigBuilder;
     this.biggest = void 0;
     this.subscriptionLoadingPromises = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+    this.sentToD2Keys = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
   }
   subscribe() {
     const whereClause = this.getWhereClauseForAlias();
@@ -80,10 +81,23 @@ class CollectionSubscriber {
     return subscription;
   }
   sendChangesToPipeline(changes, callback) {
+    const changesArray = Array.isArray(changes) ? changes : [...changes];
+    const filteredChanges = [];
+    for (const change of changesArray) {
+      if (change.type === `insert`) {
+        if (this.sentToD2Keys.has(change.key)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        this.sentToD2Keys.add(change.key);
+      } else if (change.type === `delete`) {
+        this.sentToD2Keys.delete(change.key);
+      }
+      filteredChanges.push(change);
+    }
     const input = this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState.inputs[this.alias];
     const sentChanges = sendChangesToInput(
       input,
-      changes,
+      filteredChanges,
       this.collection.config.getKey
     );
     const dataLoader = sentChanges > 0 ? callback : void 0;
@@ -96,7 +110,7 @@ class CollectionSubscriber {
       this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes);
     };
     const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChanges, {
-      includeInitialState,
+      ...includeInitialState && { includeInitialState },
       whereExpression
     });
     return subscription;
@@ -112,6 +126,7 @@ class CollectionSubscriber {
     });
     const truncateUnsubscribe = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {
       this.biggest = void 0;
+      this.sentToD2Keys.clear();
     });
     subscription.on(`unsubscribed`, () => {
       truncateUnsubscribe();

package/dist/esm/query/live/collection-subscriber.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"collection-subscriber.js","sources":["../../../../src/query/live/collection-subscriber.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { MultiSet } from '@tanstack/db-ivm'\nimport {\n  normalizeExpressionPaths,\n  normalizeOrderByPaths,\n} from '../compiler/expressions.js'\nimport type { MultiSetArray, RootStreamBuilder } from '@tanstack/db-ivm'\nimport type { Collection } from '../../collection/index.js'\nimport type { ChangeMessage } from '../../types.js'\nimport type { Context, GetResult } from '../builder/types.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression } from '../ir.js'\nimport type { OrderByOptimizationInfo } from '../compiler/order-by.js'\nimport type { CollectionConfigBuilder } from './collection-config-builder.js'\nimport type { CollectionSubscription } from '../../collection/subscription.js'\n\nconst loadMoreCallbackSymbol = Symbol.for(\n  `@tanstack/db.collection-config-builder`,\n)\n\nexport class CollectionSubscriber<\n  TContext extends Context,\n  TResult extends object = GetResult<TContext>,\n> {\n  // Keep track of the biggest value we've sent so far (needed for orderBy optimization)\n  private biggest: any = undefined\n\n  // Track deferred promises for subscription loading states\n  private subscriptionLoadingPromises = new Map<\n    CollectionSubscription,\n    { resolve: () => void }\n  >()\n\n  constructor(\n    private alias: string,\n    private collectionId: string,\n    private collection: Collection,\n    private collectionConfigBuilder: CollectionConfigBuilder<TContext, TResult>,\n  ) {}\n\n  subscribe(): CollectionSubscription {\n    const whereClause = this.getWhereClauseForAlias()\n\n    if (whereClause) {\n      const whereExpression = normalizeExpressionPaths(whereClause, this.alias)\n      return this.subscribeToChanges(whereExpression)\n    }\n\n    return this.subscribeToChanges()\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToChanges(whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>) {\n    let subscription: CollectionSubscription\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (orderByInfo) {\n      subscription = this.subscribeToOrderedChanges(\n        whereExpression,\n        orderByInfo,\n      )\n    } else {\n      // If the source alias is lazy then we should not include the initial state\n      const includeInitialState = !this.collectionConfigBuilder.isLazyAlias(\n        this.alias,\n      )\n\n      subscription = this.subscribeToMatchingChanges(\n        whereExpression,\n        includeInitialState,\n      )\n    }\n\n    const trackLoadPromise = () => {\n      // Guard against duplicate transitions\n      if (!this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.has(subscription)) {\n        let resolve: () => void\n        const promise = new Promise<void>((res) => {\n          resolve = res\n        })\n\n        this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.set(subscription, {\n          resolve: resolve!,\n        })\n        this.collectionConfigBuilder.liveQueryCollection!._sync.trackLoadPromise(\n          promise,\n        )\n      }\n    }\n\n    // It can be that we are not yet subscribed when the first `loadSubset` call happens (i.e. the initial query).\n    // So we also check the status here and if it's `loadingSubset` then we track the load promise\n    if (subscription.status === `loadingSubset`) {\n      trackLoadPromise()\n    }\n\n    // Subscribe to subscription status changes to propagate loading state\n    const statusUnsubscribe = subscription.on(`status:change`, (event) => {\n      if (event.status === `loadingSubset`) {\n        trackLoadPromise()\n      } else {\n        // status is 'ready'\n        const deferred = this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.get(subscription)\n        if (deferred) {\n          // Clear the map entry FIRST (before resolving)\n          this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.delete(subscription)\n          deferred.resolve()\n        }\n      }\n    })\n\n    const unsubscribe = () => {\n      // If subscription has a pending promise, resolve it before unsubscribing\n      const deferred = this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.get(subscription)\n      if (deferred) {\n        // Clear the map entry FIRST (before resolving)\n        this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.delete(subscription)\n        deferred.resolve()\n      }\n\n      statusUnsubscribe()\n      subscription.unsubscribe()\n    }\n    // currentSyncState is always defined when subscribe() is called\n    // (called during sync session setup)\n    this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState!.unsubscribeCallbacks.add(\n      unsubscribe,\n    )\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  private sendChangesToPipeline(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    callback?: () => boolean,\n  ) {\n    // currentSyncState and input are always defined when this method is called\n    // (only called from active subscriptions during a sync session)\n    const input =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState!.inputs[this.alias]!\n    const sentChanges = sendChangesToInput(\n      input,\n      changes,\n      this.collection.config.getKey,\n    )\n\n    // Do not provide the callback that loads more data\n    // if there's no more data to load\n    // otherwise we end up in an infinite loop trying to load more data\n    const dataLoader = sentChanges > 0 ? callback : undefined\n\n    // We need to schedule a graph run even if there's no data to load\n    // because we need to mark the collection as ready if it's not already\n    // and that's only done in `scheduleGraphRun`\n    this.collectionConfigBuilder.scheduleGraphRun(dataLoader, {\n      alias: this.alias,\n    })\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToMatchingChanges(\n    whereExpression: BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined,\n    includeInitialState: boolean = false,\n  ) {\n    const sendChanges = (\n      changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    ) => {\n      this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes)\n    }\n\n    const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChanges, {\n      includeInitialState,\n      whereExpression,\n    })\n\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToOrderedChanges(\n    whereExpression: BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined,\n    orderByInfo: OrderByOptimizationInfo,\n  ) {\n    const { orderBy, offset, limit, index } = orderByInfo\n\n    const sendChangesInRange = (\n      changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    ) => {\n      // Split live updates into a delete of the old value and an insert of the new value\n      const splittedChanges = splitUpdates(changes)\n      this.sendChangesToPipelineWithTracking(splittedChanges, subscription)\n    }\n\n    // Subscribe to changes and only send changes that are smaller than the biggest value we've sent so far\n    // values that are bigger don't need to be sent because they can't affect the topK\n    const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChangesInRange, {\n      whereExpression,\n    })\n\n    // Listen for truncate events to reset cursor tracking state\n    // This ensures that after a must-refetch/truncate, we don't use stale cursor data\n    const truncateUnsubscribe = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {\n      this.biggest = undefined\n    })\n\n    // Clean up truncate listener when subscription is unsubscribed\n    subscription.on(`unsubscribed`, () => {\n      truncateUnsubscribe()\n    })\n\n    // Normalize the orderBy clauses such that the references are relative to the collection\n    const normalizedOrderBy = normalizeOrderByPaths(orderBy, this.alias)\n\n    if (index) {\n      // We have an index on the first orderBy column - use lazy loading optimization\n      // This works for both single-column and multi-column orderBy:\n      // - Single-column: index provides exact ordering\n      // - Multi-column: index provides ordering on first column, secondary sort in memory\n      subscription.setOrderByIndex(index)\n\n      // Load the first `offset + limit` values from the index\n      // i.e. the K items from the collection that fall into the requested range: [offset, offset + limit[\n      subscription.requestLimitedSnapshot({\n        limit: offset + limit,\n        orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n      })\n    } else {\n      // No index available (e.g., non-ref expression): pass orderBy/limit to loadSubset\n      // so the sync layer can optimize if the backend supports it\n      subscription.requestSnapshot({\n        orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n        limit: offset + limit,\n      })\n    }\n\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  // This function is called by maybeRunGraph\n  // after each iteration of the query pipeline\n  // to ensure that the orderBy operator has enough data to work with\n  loadMoreIfNeeded(subscription: CollectionSubscription) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      // This query has no orderBy operator\n      // so there's no data to load\n      return true\n    }\n\n    const { dataNeeded } = orderByInfo\n\n    if (!dataNeeded) {\n      // dataNeeded is not set when there's no index (e.g., non-ref expression).\n      // In this case, we've already loaded all data via requestSnapshot\n      // and don't need to lazily load more.\n      return true\n    }\n\n    // `dataNeeded` probes the orderBy operator to see if it needs more data\n    // if it needs more data, it returns the number of items it needs\n    const n = dataNeeded()\n    if (n > 0) {\n      this.loadNextItems(n, subscription)\n    }\n    return true\n  }\n\n  private sendChangesToPipelineWithTracking(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    subscription: CollectionSubscription,\n  ) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes)\n      return\n    }\n\n    const trackedChanges = this.trackSentValues(changes, orderByInfo.comparator)\n\n    // Cache the loadMoreIfNeeded callback on the subscription using a symbol property.\n    // This ensures we pass the same function instance to the scheduler each time,\n    // allowing it to deduplicate callbacks when multiple changes arrive during a transaction.\n    type SubscriptionWithLoader = CollectionSubscription & {\n      [loadMoreCallbackSymbol]?: () => boolean\n    }\n\n    const subscriptionWithLoader = subscription as SubscriptionWithLoader\n\n    subscriptionWithLoader[loadMoreCallbackSymbol] ??=\n      this.loadMoreIfNeeded.bind(this, subscription)\n\n    this.sendChangesToPipeline(\n      trackedChanges,\n      subscriptionWithLoader[loadMoreCallbackSymbol],\n    )\n  }\n\n  // Loads the next `n` items from the collection\n  // starting from the biggest item it has sent\n  private loadNextItems(n: number, subscription: CollectionSubscription) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      return\n    }\n    const { orderBy, valueExtractorForRawRow, offset } = orderByInfo\n    const biggestSentRow = this.biggest\n\n    // Extract all orderBy column values from the biggest sent row\n    // For single-column: returns single value, for multi-column: returns array\n    const extractedValues = biggestSentRow\n      ? valueExtractorForRawRow(biggestSentRow)\n      : undefined\n\n    // Normalize to array format for minValues\n    const minValues =\n      extractedValues !== undefined\n        ? Array.isArray(extractedValues)\n          ? extractedValues\n          : [extractedValues]\n        : undefined\n\n    // Normalize the orderBy clauses such that the references are relative to the collection\n    const normalizedOrderBy = normalizeOrderByPaths(orderBy, this.alias)\n\n    // Take the `n` items after the biggest sent value\n    // Pass the current window offset to ensure proper deduplication\n    subscription.requestLimitedSnapshot({\n      orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n      limit: n,\n      minValues,\n      offset,\n    })\n  }\n\n  private getWhereClauseForAlias(): BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined {\n    const sourceWhereClausesCache =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.sourceWhereClausesCache\n    if (!sourceWhereClausesCache) {\n      return undefined\n    }\n    return sourceWhereClausesCache.get(this.alias)\n  }\n\n  private getOrderByInfo(): OrderByOptimizationInfo | undefined {\n    const info =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.optimizableOrderByCollections[\n        this.collectionId\n      ]\n    if (info && info.alias === this.alias) {\n      return info\n    }\n    return undefined\n  }\n\n  private *trackSentValues(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    comparator: (a: any, b: any) => number,\n  ) {\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      // Only track inserts/updates for cursor positioning, not deletes\n      if (change.type !== `delete`) {\n        if (!this.biggest) {\n          this.biggest = change.value\n        } else if (comparator(this.biggest, change.value) < 0) {\n          this.biggest = change.value\n        }\n      }\n\n      yield change\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Helper function to send changes to a D2 input stream\n */\nfunction sendChangesToInput(\n  input: RootStreamBuilder<unknown>,\n  changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage>,\n  getKey: (item: ChangeMessage[`value`]) => any,\n): number {\n  const multiSetArray: MultiSetArray<unknown> = []\n  for (const change of changes) {\n    const key = getKey(change.value)\n    if (change.type === `insert`) {\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], 1])\n    } else if (change.type === `update`) {\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.previousValue], -1])\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], 1])\n    } else {\n      // change.type === `delete`\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], -1])\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (multiSetArray.length !== 0) {\n    input.sendData(new MultiSet(multiSetArray))\n  }\n\n  return multiSetArray.length\n}\n\n/** Splits updates into a delete of the old value and an insert of the new value */\nfunction* splitUpdates<\n  T extends object = Record<string, unknown>,\n  TKey extends string | number = string | number,\n>(\n  changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<T, TKey>>,\n): Generator<ChangeMessage<T, TKey>> {\n  for (const change of changes) {\n    if (change.type === `update`) {\n      yield { type: `delete`, key: change.key, value: change.previousValue! 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+{"version":3,"file":"collection-subscriber.js","sources":["../../../../src/query/live/collection-subscriber.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { MultiSet } from '@tanstack/db-ivm'\nimport {\n  normalizeExpressionPaths,\n  normalizeOrderByPaths,\n} from '../compiler/expressions.js'\nimport type { MultiSetArray, RootStreamBuilder } from '@tanstack/db-ivm'\nimport type { Collection } from '../../collection/index.js'\nimport type { ChangeMessage } from '../../types.js'\nimport type { Context, GetResult } from '../builder/types.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression } from '../ir.js'\nimport type { OrderByOptimizationInfo } from '../compiler/order-by.js'\nimport type { CollectionConfigBuilder } from './collection-config-builder.js'\nimport type { CollectionSubscription } from '../../collection/subscription.js'\n\nconst loadMoreCallbackSymbol = Symbol.for(\n  `@tanstack/db.collection-config-builder`,\n)\n\nexport class CollectionSubscriber<\n  TContext extends Context,\n  TResult extends object = GetResult<TContext>,\n> {\n  // Keep track of the biggest value we've sent so far (needed for orderBy optimization)\n  private biggest: any = undefined\n\n  // Track deferred promises for subscription loading states\n  private subscriptionLoadingPromises = new Map<\n    CollectionSubscription,\n    { resolve: () => void }\n  >()\n\n  // Track keys that have been sent to the D2 pipeline to prevent duplicate inserts\n  // This is necessary because different code paths (initial load, change events)\n  // can potentially send the same item to D2 multiple times.\n  private sentToD2Keys = new Set<string | number>()\n\n  constructor(\n    private alias: string,\n    private collectionId: string,\n    private collection: Collection,\n    private collectionConfigBuilder: CollectionConfigBuilder<TContext, TResult>,\n  ) {}\n\n  subscribe(): CollectionSubscription {\n    const whereClause = this.getWhereClauseForAlias()\n\n    if (whereClause) {\n      const whereExpression = normalizeExpressionPaths(whereClause, this.alias)\n      return this.subscribeToChanges(whereExpression)\n    }\n\n    return this.subscribeToChanges()\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToChanges(whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>) {\n    let subscription: CollectionSubscription\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (orderByInfo) {\n      subscription = this.subscribeToOrderedChanges(\n        whereExpression,\n        orderByInfo,\n      )\n    } else {\n      // If the source alias is lazy then we should not include the initial state\n      const includeInitialState = !this.collectionConfigBuilder.isLazyAlias(\n        this.alias,\n      )\n\n      subscription = this.subscribeToMatchingChanges(\n        whereExpression,\n        includeInitialState,\n      )\n    }\n\n    const trackLoadPromise = () => {\n      // Guard against duplicate transitions\n      if (!this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.has(subscription)) {\n        let resolve: () => void\n        const promise = new Promise<void>((res) => {\n          resolve = res\n        })\n\n        this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.set(subscription, {\n          resolve: resolve!,\n        })\n        this.collectionConfigBuilder.liveQueryCollection!._sync.trackLoadPromise(\n          promise,\n        )\n      }\n    }\n\n    // It can be that we are not yet subscribed when the first `loadSubset` call happens (i.e. the initial query).\n    // So we also check the status here and if it's `loadingSubset` then we track the load promise\n    if (subscription.status === `loadingSubset`) {\n      trackLoadPromise()\n    }\n\n    // Subscribe to subscription status changes to propagate loading state\n    const statusUnsubscribe = subscription.on(`status:change`, (event) => {\n      if (event.status === `loadingSubset`) {\n        trackLoadPromise()\n      } else {\n        // status is 'ready'\n        const deferred = this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.get(subscription)\n        if (deferred) {\n          // Clear the map entry FIRST (before resolving)\n          this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.delete(subscription)\n          deferred.resolve()\n        }\n      }\n    })\n\n    const unsubscribe = () => {\n      // If subscription has a pending promise, resolve it before unsubscribing\n      const deferred = this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.get(subscription)\n      if (deferred) {\n        // Clear the map entry FIRST (before resolving)\n        this.subscriptionLoadingPromises.delete(subscription)\n        deferred.resolve()\n      }\n\n      statusUnsubscribe()\n      subscription.unsubscribe()\n    }\n    // currentSyncState is always defined when subscribe() is called\n    // (called during sync session setup)\n    this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState!.unsubscribeCallbacks.add(\n      unsubscribe,\n    )\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  private sendChangesToPipeline(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    callback?: () => boolean,\n  ) {\n    // Filter changes to prevent duplicate inserts to D2 pipeline.\n    // This ensures D2 multiplicity stays at 1 for visible items, so deletes\n    // properly reduce multiplicity to 0 (triggering DELETE output).\n    const changesArray = Array.isArray(changes) ? changes : [...changes]\n    const filteredChanges: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>> = []\n    for (const change of changesArray) {\n      if (change.type === `insert`) {\n        if (this.sentToD2Keys.has(change.key)) {\n          // Skip duplicate insert - already sent to D2\n          continue\n        }\n        this.sentToD2Keys.add(change.key)\n      } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n        // Remove from tracking so future re-inserts are allowed\n        this.sentToD2Keys.delete(change.key)\n      }\n      // Updates are handled as delete+insert by splitUpdates, so no special handling needed\n      filteredChanges.push(change)\n    }\n\n    // currentSyncState and input are always defined when this method is called\n    // (only called from active subscriptions during a sync session)\n    const input =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState!.inputs[this.alias]!\n    const sentChanges = sendChangesToInput(\n      input,\n      filteredChanges,\n      this.collection.config.getKey,\n    )\n\n    // Do not provide the callback that loads more data\n    // if there's no more data to load\n    // otherwise we end up in an infinite loop trying to load more data\n    const dataLoader = sentChanges > 0 ? callback : undefined\n\n    // We need to schedule a graph run even if there's no data to load\n    // because we need to mark the collection as ready if it's not already\n    // and that's only done in `scheduleGraphRun`\n    this.collectionConfigBuilder.scheduleGraphRun(dataLoader, {\n      alias: this.alias,\n    })\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToMatchingChanges(\n    whereExpression: BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined,\n    includeInitialState: boolean = false,\n  ) {\n    const sendChanges = (\n      changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    ) => {\n      this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes)\n    }\n\n    // Only pass includeInitialState when true. When it's false, we leave it\n    // undefined so that user subscriptions with explicit `includeInitialState: false`\n    // can be distinguished from internal lazy-loading subscriptions.\n    // If we pass `false`, changes.ts would call markAllStateAsSeen() which\n    // disables filtering - but internal subscriptions still need filtering.\n    const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChanges, {\n      ...(includeInitialState && { includeInitialState }),\n      whereExpression,\n    })\n\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  private subscribeToOrderedChanges(\n    whereExpression: BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined,\n    orderByInfo: OrderByOptimizationInfo,\n  ) {\n    const { orderBy, offset, limit, index } = orderByInfo\n\n    const sendChangesInRange = (\n      changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    ) => {\n      // Split live updates into a delete of the old value and an insert of the new value\n      const splittedChanges = splitUpdates(changes)\n      this.sendChangesToPipelineWithTracking(splittedChanges, subscription)\n    }\n\n    // Subscribe to changes and only send changes that are smaller than the biggest value we've sent so far\n    // values that are bigger don't need to be sent because they can't affect the topK\n    const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChangesInRange, {\n      whereExpression,\n    })\n\n    // Listen for truncate events to reset cursor tracking state and sentToD2Keys\n    // This ensures that after a must-refetch/truncate, we don't use stale cursor data\n    // and allow re-inserts of previously sent keys\n    const truncateUnsubscribe = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {\n      this.biggest = undefined\n      this.sentToD2Keys.clear()\n    })\n\n    // Clean up truncate listener when subscription is unsubscribed\n    subscription.on(`unsubscribed`, () => {\n      truncateUnsubscribe()\n    })\n\n    // Normalize the orderBy clauses such that the references are relative to the collection\n    const normalizedOrderBy = normalizeOrderByPaths(orderBy, this.alias)\n\n    if (index) {\n      // We have an index on the first orderBy column - use lazy loading optimization\n      // This works for both single-column and multi-column orderBy:\n      // - Single-column: index provides exact ordering\n      // - Multi-column: index provides ordering on first column, secondary sort in memory\n      subscription.setOrderByIndex(index)\n\n      // Load the first `offset + limit` values from the index\n      // i.e. the K items from the collection that fall into the requested range: [offset, offset + limit[\n      subscription.requestLimitedSnapshot({\n        limit: offset + limit,\n        orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n      })\n    } else {\n      // No index available (e.g., non-ref expression): pass orderBy/limit to loadSubset\n      // so the sync layer can optimize if the backend supports it\n      subscription.requestSnapshot({\n        orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n        limit: offset + limit,\n      })\n    }\n\n    return subscription\n  }\n\n  // This function is called by maybeRunGraph\n  // after each iteration of the query pipeline\n  // to ensure that the orderBy operator has enough data to work with\n  loadMoreIfNeeded(subscription: CollectionSubscription) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      // This query has no orderBy operator\n      // so there's no data to load\n      return true\n    }\n\n    const { dataNeeded } = orderByInfo\n\n    if (!dataNeeded) {\n      // dataNeeded is not set when there's no index (e.g., non-ref expression).\n      // In this case, we've already loaded all data via requestSnapshot\n      // and don't need to lazily load more.\n      return true\n    }\n\n    // `dataNeeded` probes the orderBy operator to see if it needs more data\n    // if it needs more data, it returns the number of items it needs\n    const n = dataNeeded()\n    if (n > 0) {\n      this.loadNextItems(n, subscription)\n    }\n    return true\n  }\n\n  private sendChangesToPipelineWithTracking(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    subscription: CollectionSubscription,\n  ) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes)\n      return\n    }\n\n    const trackedChanges = this.trackSentValues(changes, orderByInfo.comparator)\n\n    // Cache the loadMoreIfNeeded callback on the subscription using a symbol property.\n    // This ensures we pass the same function instance to the scheduler each time,\n    // allowing it to deduplicate callbacks when multiple changes arrive during a transaction.\n    type SubscriptionWithLoader = CollectionSubscription & {\n      [loadMoreCallbackSymbol]?: () => boolean\n    }\n\n    const subscriptionWithLoader = subscription as SubscriptionWithLoader\n\n    subscriptionWithLoader[loadMoreCallbackSymbol] ??=\n      this.loadMoreIfNeeded.bind(this, subscription)\n\n    this.sendChangesToPipeline(\n      trackedChanges,\n      subscriptionWithLoader[loadMoreCallbackSymbol],\n    )\n  }\n\n  // Loads the next `n` items from the collection\n  // starting from the biggest item it has sent\n  private loadNextItems(n: number, subscription: CollectionSubscription) {\n    const orderByInfo = this.getOrderByInfo()\n    if (!orderByInfo) {\n      return\n    }\n    const { orderBy, valueExtractorForRawRow, offset } = orderByInfo\n    const biggestSentRow = this.biggest\n\n    // Extract all orderBy column values from the biggest sent row\n    // For single-column: returns single value, for multi-column: returns array\n    const extractedValues = biggestSentRow\n      ? valueExtractorForRawRow(biggestSentRow)\n      : undefined\n\n    // Normalize to array format for minValues\n    const minValues =\n      extractedValues !== undefined\n        ? Array.isArray(extractedValues)\n          ? extractedValues\n          : [extractedValues]\n        : undefined\n\n    // Normalize the orderBy clauses such that the references are relative to the collection\n    const normalizedOrderBy = normalizeOrderByPaths(orderBy, this.alias)\n\n    // Take the `n` items after the biggest sent value\n    // Pass the current window offset to ensure proper deduplication\n    subscription.requestLimitedSnapshot({\n      orderBy: normalizedOrderBy,\n      limit: n,\n      minValues,\n      offset,\n    })\n  }\n\n  private getWhereClauseForAlias(): BasicExpression<boolean> | undefined {\n    const sourceWhereClausesCache =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.sourceWhereClausesCache\n    if (!sourceWhereClausesCache) {\n      return undefined\n    }\n    return sourceWhereClausesCache.get(this.alias)\n  }\n\n  private getOrderByInfo(): OrderByOptimizationInfo | undefined {\n    const info =\n      this.collectionConfigBuilder.optimizableOrderByCollections[\n        this.collectionId\n      ]\n    if (info && info.alias === this.alias) {\n      return info\n    }\n    return undefined\n  }\n\n  private *trackSentValues(\n    changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,\n    comparator: (a: any, b: any) => number,\n  ) {\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      // Only track inserts/updates for cursor positioning, not deletes\n      if (change.type !== `delete`) {\n        if (!this.biggest) {\n          this.biggest = change.value\n        } else if (comparator(this.biggest, change.value) < 0) {\n          this.biggest = change.value\n        }\n      }\n\n      yield change\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Helper function to send changes to a D2 input stream\n */\nfunction sendChangesToInput(\n  input: RootStreamBuilder<unknown>,\n  changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage>,\n  getKey: (item: ChangeMessage[`value`]) => any,\n): number {\n  const multiSetArray: MultiSetArray<unknown> = []\n  for (const change of changes) {\n    const key = getKey(change.value)\n    if (change.type === `insert`) {\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], 1])\n    } else if (change.type === `update`) {\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.previousValue], -1])\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], 1])\n    } else {\n      // change.type === `delete`\n      multiSetArray.push([[key, change.value], -1])\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (multiSetArray.length !== 0) {\n    input.sendData(new MultiSet(multiSetArray))\n  }\n\n  return multiSetArray.length\n}\n\n/** Splits updates into a delete of the old value and an insert of the new value */\nfunction* splitUpdates<\n  T extends object = Record<string, unknown>,\n  TKey extends string | number = string | number,\n>(\n  changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<T, TKey>>,\n): Generator<ChangeMessage<T, TKey>> {\n  for (const change of changes) {\n    if (change.type === `update`) {\n      yield { type: `delete`, key: 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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@tanstack/db",
-  "version": "0.5.13",
+  "version": "0.5.15",
   "description": "A reactive client store for building super fast apps on sync",
   "author": "Kyle Mathews",
   "license": "MIT",

package/src/collection/subscription.ts

@@ -84,6 +84,16 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
   private _status: SubscriptionStatus = `ready`
   private pendingLoadSubsetPromises: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()
 
+  // Cleanup function for truncate event listener
+  private truncateCleanup: (() => void) | undefined
+
+  // Truncate buffering state
+  // When a truncate occurs, we buffer changes until all loadSubset refetches complete
+  // This prevents a flash of missing content between deletes and new inserts
+  private isBufferingForTruncate = false
+  private truncateBuffer: Array<Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>> = []
+  private pendingTruncateRefetches: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()
+
   public get status(): SubscriptionStatus {
     return this._status
   }
@@ -116,6 +126,123 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
     this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression
       ? createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options)
       : this.callback
+
+    // Listen for truncate events to re-request data after must-refetch
+    // When a truncate happens (e.g., from a 409 must-refetch), all collection data is cleared.
+    // We need to re-request all previously loaded subsets to repopulate the data.
+    this.truncateCleanup = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {
+      this.handleTruncate()
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.
+   * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.
+   *
+   * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate
+   * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.
+   */
+  private handleTruncate() {
+    // Copy the loaded subsets before clearing (we'll re-request them)
+    const subsetsToReload = [...this.loadedSubsets]
+
+    // Only buffer if there's an actual loadSubset handler that can do async work.
+    // Without a loadSubset handler, there's nothing to re-request and no reason to buffer.
+    // This prevents unnecessary buffering in eager sync mode or when loadSubset isn't implemented.
+    const hasLoadSubsetHandler = this.collection._sync.syncLoadSubsetFn !== null
+
+    // If there are no subsets to reload OR no loadSubset handler, just reset state
+    if (subsetsToReload.length === 0 || !hasLoadSubsetHandler) {
+      this.snapshotSent = false
+      this.loadedInitialState = false
+      this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0
+      this.lastSentKey = undefined
+      this.loadedSubsets = []
+      return
+    }
+
+    // Start buffering BEFORE we receive the delete events from the truncate commit
+    // This ensures we capture both the deletes and subsequent inserts
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = true
+    this.truncateBuffer = []
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear()
+
+    // Reset snapshot/pagination tracking state
+    // Note: We don't need to populate sentKeys here because filterAndFlipChanges
+    // will skip the delete filter when isBufferingForTruncate is true
+    this.snapshotSent = false
+    this.loadedInitialState = false
+    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0
+    this.lastSentKey = undefined
+
+    // Clear the loadedSubsets array since we're re-requesting fresh
+    this.loadedSubsets = []
+
+    // Defer the loadSubset calls to a microtask so the truncate commit's delete events
+    // are buffered BEFORE the loadSubset calls potentially trigger nested commits.
+    // This ensures correct event ordering: deletes first, then inserts.
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      // Check if we were unsubscribed while waiting
+      if (!this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      // Re-request all previously loaded subsets and track their promises
+      for (const options of subsetsToReload) {
+        const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(options)
+
+        // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later
+        this.loadedSubsets.push(options)
+        this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)
+
+        // Track the promise for buffer flushing
+        if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {
+          this.pendingTruncateRefetches.add(syncResult)
+          syncResult
+            .catch(() => {
+              // Ignore errors - we still want to flush the buffer even if some requests fail
+            })
+            .finally(() => {
+              this.pendingTruncateRefetches.delete(syncResult)
+              this.checkTruncateRefetchComplete()
+            })
+        }
+      }
+
+      // If all loadSubset calls were synchronous (returned true), flush now
+      // At this point, delete events have already been buffered from the truncate commit
+      if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0) {
+        this.flushTruncateBuffer()
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so
+   */
+  private checkTruncateRefetchComplete() {
+    if (
+      this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0 &&
+      this.isBufferingForTruncate
+    ) {
+      this.flushTruncateBuffer()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback
+   */
+  private flushTruncateBuffer() {
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false
+
+    // Flatten all buffered changes into a single array for atomic emission
+    // This ensures consumers see all truncate changes (deletes + inserts) in one callback
+    const merged = this.truncateBuffer.flat()
+    if (merged.length > 0) {
+      this.filteredCallback(merged)
+    }
+
+    this.truncateBuffer = []
   }
 
   setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>) {
@@ -179,7 +306,16 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
 
   emitEvents(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {
     const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes)
-    this.filteredCallback(newChanges)
+
+    if (this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+      // Buffer the changes instead of emitting immediately
+      // This prevents a flash of missing content during truncate/refetch
+      if (newChanges.length > 0) {
+        this.truncateBuffer.push(newChanges)
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.filteredCallback(newChanges)
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -469,6 +605,14 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
       return changes
     }
 
+    // When buffering for truncate, we need all changes (including deletes) to pass through.
+    // This is important because:
+    // 1. If loadedInitialState was previously true, sentKeys will be empty
+    //    (trackSentKeys early-returns when loadedInitialState is true)
+    // 2. The truncate deletes are for keys that WERE sent to the subscriber
+    // 3. We're collecting all changes atomically, so filtering doesn't make sense
+    const skipDeleteFilter = this.isBufferingForTruncate
+
     const newChanges = []
     for (const change of changes) {
       let newChange = change
@@ -478,8 +622,11 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
         if (change.type === `update`) {
           newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: undefined }
         } else if (change.type === `delete`) {
-          // filter out deletes for keys that have not been sent
-          continue
+          // Filter out deletes for keys that have not been sent,
+          // UNLESS we're buffering for truncate (where all deletes should pass through)
+          if (!skipDeleteFilter) {
+            continue
+          }
         }
         this.sentKeys.add(change.key)
       } else {
@@ -529,6 +676,15 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
   }
 
   unsubscribe() {
+    // Clean up truncate event listener
+    this.truncateCleanup?.()
+    this.truncateCleanup = undefined
+
+    // Clean up truncate buffer state
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false
+    this.truncateBuffer = []
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear()
+
     // Unload all subsets that this subscription loaded
     // We pass the exact same LoadSubsetOptions we used for loadSubset
     for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {

package/src/query/live/collection-subscriber.ts

@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ export class CollectionSubscriber<
     { resolve: () => void }
   >()
 
+  // Track keys that have been sent to the D2 pipeline to prevent duplicate inserts
+  // This is necessary because different code paths (initial load, change events)
+  // can potentially send the same item to D2 multiple times.
+  private sentToD2Keys = new Set<string | number>()
+
   constructor(
     private alias: string,
     private collectionId: string,
@@ -129,13 +134,33 @@ export class CollectionSubscriber<
     changes: Iterable<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>,
     callback?: () => boolean,
   ) {
+    // Filter changes to prevent duplicate inserts to D2 pipeline.
+    // This ensures D2 multiplicity stays at 1 for visible items, so deletes
+    // properly reduce multiplicity to 0 (triggering DELETE output).
+    const changesArray = Array.isArray(changes) ? changes : [...changes]
+    const filteredChanges: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>> = []
+    for (const change of changesArray) {
+      if (change.type === `insert`) {
+        if (this.sentToD2Keys.has(change.key)) {
+          // Skip duplicate insert - already sent to D2
+          continue
+        }
+        this.sentToD2Keys.add(change.key)
+      } else if (change.type === `delete`) {
+        // Remove from tracking so future re-inserts are allowed
+        this.sentToD2Keys.delete(change.key)
+      }
+      // Updates are handled as delete+insert by splitUpdates, so no special handling needed
+      filteredChanges.push(change)
+    }
+
     // currentSyncState and input are always defined when this method is called
     // (only called from active subscriptions during a sync session)
     const input =
       this.collectionConfigBuilder.currentSyncState!.inputs[this.alias]!
     const sentChanges = sendChangesToInput(
       input,
-      changes,
+      filteredChanges,
       this.collection.config.getKey,
     )
 
@@ -162,8 +187,13 @@ export class CollectionSubscriber<
       this.sendChangesToPipeline(changes)
     }
 
+    // Only pass includeInitialState when true. When it's false, we leave it
+    // undefined so that user subscriptions with explicit `includeInitialState: false`
+    // can be distinguished from internal lazy-loading subscriptions.
+    // If we pass `false`, changes.ts would call markAllStateAsSeen() which
+    // disables filtering - but internal subscriptions still need filtering.
     const subscription = this.collection.subscribeChanges(sendChanges, {
-      includeInitialState,
+      ...(includeInitialState && { includeInitialState }),
       whereExpression,
     })
 
@@ -190,10 +220,12 @@ export class CollectionSubscriber<
       whereExpression,
     })
 
-    // Listen for truncate events to reset cursor tracking state
+    // Listen for truncate events to reset cursor tracking state and sentToD2Keys
     // This ensures that after a must-refetch/truncate, we don't use stale cursor data
+    // and allow re-inserts of previously sent keys
     const truncateUnsubscribe = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {
       this.biggest = undefined
+      this.sentToD2Keys.clear()
     })
 
     // Clean up truncate listener when subscription is unsubscribed