@tanstack/db 0.5.13 → 0.5.14

package/dist/cjs/collection/subscription.cjs

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
     this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
     this._status = `ready`;
     this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
     if (options.onUnsubscribe) {
       this.on(`unsubscribed`, (event) => options.onUnsubscribe(event));
     }
@@ -32,10 +35,80 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
     };
     this.callback = callbackWithSentKeysTracking;
     this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression ? changeEvents.createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options) : this.callback;
+    this.truncateCleanup = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {
+      this.handleTruncate();
+    });
   }
   get status() {
     return this._status;
   }
+  /**
+   * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.
+   * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.
+   *
+   * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate
+   * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.
+   */
+  handleTruncate() {
+    const subsetsToReload = [...this.loadedSubsets];
+    const hasLoadSubsetHandler = this.collection._sync.syncLoadSubsetFn !== null;
+    if (subsetsToReload.length === 0 || !hasLoadSubsetHandler) {
+      this.snapshotSent = false;
+      this.loadedInitialState = false;
+      this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
+      this.lastSentKey = void 0;
+      this.loadedSubsets = [];
+      return;
+    }
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = true;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear();
+    this.snapshotSent = false;
+    this.loadedInitialState = false;
+    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
+    this.lastSentKey = void 0;
+    this.loadedSubsets = [];
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      if (!this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+        return;
+      }
+      for (const options of subsetsToReload) {
+        const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(options);
+        this.loadedSubsets.push(options);
+        this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult);
+        if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {
+          this.pendingTruncateRefetches.add(syncResult);
+          syncResult.catch(() => {
+          }).finally(() => {
+            this.pendingTruncateRefetches.delete(syncResult);
+            this.checkTruncateRefetchComplete();
+          });
+        }
+      }
+      if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0) {
+        this.flushTruncateBuffer();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  /**
+   * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so
+   */
+  checkTruncateRefetchComplete() {
+    if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0 && this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+      this.flushTruncateBuffer();
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback
+   */
+  flushTruncateBuffer() {
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    const merged = this.truncateBuffer.flat();
+    if (merged.length > 0) {
+      this.filteredCallback(merged);
+    }
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+  }
   setOrderByIndex(index) {
     this.orderByIndex = index;
   }
@@ -85,7 +158,13 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
   }
   emitEvents(changes) {
     const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes);
-    this.filteredCallback(newChanges);
+    if (this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+      if (newChanges.length > 0) {
+        this.truncateBuffer.push(newChanges);
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.filteredCallback(newChanges);
+    }
   }
   /**
    * Sends the snapshot to the callback.
@@ -281,6 +360,7 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
     if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {
       return changes;
     }
+    const skipDeleteFilter = this.isBufferingForTruncate;
     const newChanges = [];
     for (const change of changes) {
       let newChange = change;
@@ -289,7 +369,9 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
         if (change.type === `update`) {
           newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: void 0 };
         } else if (change.type === `delete`) {
-          continue;
+          if (!skipDeleteFilter) {
+            continue;
+          }
         }
         this.sentKeys.add(change.key);
       } else {
@@ -324,6 +406,11 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends eventEmitter.EventEmitter {
     this.skipFiltering = true;
   }
   unsubscribe() {
+    this.truncateCleanup?.();
+    this.truncateCleanup = void 0;
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear();
     for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {
       this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options);
     }

package/dist/cjs/collection/subscription.cjs.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"subscription.cjs","sources":["../../../src/collection/subscription.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { ensureIndexForExpression } from '../indexes/auto-index.js'\nimport { and, eq, gte, lt } from '../query/builder/functions.js'\nimport { Value } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport { EventEmitter } from '../event-emitter.js'\nimport { buildCursor } from '../utils/cursor.js'\nimport {\n  createFilterFunctionFromExpression,\n  createFilteredCallback,\n} from './change-events.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression, OrderBy } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport type { IndexInterface } from '../indexes/base-index.js'\nimport type {\n  ChangeMessage,\n  LoadSubsetOptions,\n  Subscription,\n  SubscriptionEvents,\n  SubscriptionStatus,\n  SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent,\n} from '../types.js'\nimport type { CollectionImpl } from './index.js'\n\ntype RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n  where?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  optimizedOnly?: boolean\n  trackLoadSubsetPromise?: boolean\n  /** Optional orderBy to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  orderBy?: OrderBy\n  /** Optional limit to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  limit?: number\n}\n\ntype RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions = {\n  orderBy: OrderBy\n  limit: number\n  /** All column values for cursor (first value used for local index, all values for sync layer) */\n  minValues?: Array<unknown>\n  /** Row offset for offset-based pagination (passed to sync layer) */\n  offset?: number\n}\n\ntype CollectionSubscriptionOptions = {\n  includeInitialState?: boolean\n  /** Pre-compiled expression for filtering changes */\n  whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  /** Callback to call when the subscription is unsubscribed */\n  onUnsubscribe?: (event: SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent) => void\n}\n\nexport class CollectionSubscription\n  extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEvents>\n  implements Subscription\n{\n  private loadedInitialState = false\n\n  // Flag to skip filtering in filterAndFlipChanges.\n  // This is separate from loadedInitialState because we want to allow\n  // requestSnapshot to still work even when filtering is skipped.\n  private skipFiltering = false\n\n  // Flag to indicate that we have sent at least 1 snapshot.\n  // While `snapshotSent` is false we filter out all changes from subscription to the collection.\n  private snapshotSent = false\n\n  /**\n   * Track all loadSubset calls made by this subscription so we can unload them on cleanup.\n   * We store the exact LoadSubsetOptions we passed to loadSubset to ensure symmetric unload.\n   */\n  private loadedSubsets: Array<LoadSubsetOptions> = []\n\n  // Keep track of the keys we've sent (needed for join and orderBy optimizations)\n  private sentKeys = new Set<string | number>()\n\n  // Track the count of rows sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for offset-based pagination\n  private limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n\n  // Track the last key sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for cursor-based pagination\n  private lastSentKey: string | number | undefined\n\n  private filteredCallback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void\n\n  private orderByIndex: IndexInterface<string | number> | undefined\n\n  // Status tracking\n  private _status: SubscriptionStatus = `ready`\n  private pendingLoadSubsetPromises: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  public get status(): SubscriptionStatus {\n    return this._status\n  }\n\n  constructor(\n    private collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>,\n    private callback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void,\n    private options: CollectionSubscriptionOptions,\n  ) {\n    super()\n    if (options.onUnsubscribe) {\n      this.on(`unsubscribed`, (event) => options.onUnsubscribe!(event))\n    }\n\n    // Auto-index for where expressions if enabled\n    if (options.whereExpression) {\n      ensureIndexForExpression(options.whereExpression, this.collection)\n    }\n\n    const callbackWithSentKeysTracking = (\n      changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>,\n    ) => {\n      callback(changes)\n      this.trackSentKeys(changes)\n    }\n\n    this.callback = callbackWithSentKeysTracking\n\n    // Create a filtered callback if where clause is provided\n    this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression\n      ? createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options)\n      : this.callback\n  }\n\n  setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>) {\n    this.orderByIndex = index\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Set subscription status and emit events if changed\n   */\n  private setStatus(newStatus: SubscriptionStatus) {\n    if (this._status === newStatus) {\n      return // No change\n    }\n\n    const previousStatus = this._status\n    this._status = newStatus\n\n    // Emit status:change event\n    this.emitInner(`status:change`, {\n      type: `status:change`,\n      subscription: this,\n      previousStatus,\n      status: newStatus,\n    })\n\n    // Emit specific status event\n    const eventKey: `status:${SubscriptionStatus}` = `status:${newStatus}`\n    this.emitInner(eventKey, {\n      type: eventKey,\n      subscription: this,\n      previousStatus,\n      status: newStatus,\n    } as SubscriptionEvents[typeof eventKey])\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Track a loadSubset promise and manage loading status\n   */\n  private trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult: Promise<void> | true) {\n    // Track the promise if it's actually a promise (async work)\n    if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {\n      this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.add(syncResult)\n      this.setStatus(`loadingSubset`)\n\n      syncResult.finally(() => {\n        this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.delete(syncResult)\n        if (this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.size === 0) {\n          this.setStatus(`ready`)\n        }\n      })\n    }\n  }\n\n  hasLoadedInitialState() {\n    return this.loadedInitialState\n  }\n\n  hasSentAtLeastOneSnapshot() {\n    return this.snapshotSent\n  }\n\n  emitEvents(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes)\n    this.filteredCallback(newChanges)\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends the snapshot to the callback.\n   * Returns a boolean indicating if it succeeded.\n   * It can only fail if there is no index to fulfill the request\n   * and the optimizedOnly option is set to true,\n   * or, the entire state was already loaded.\n   */\n  requestSnapshot(opts?: RequestSnapshotOptions): boolean {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState) {\n      // Subscription was deoptimized so we already sent the entire initial state\n      return false\n    }\n\n    const stateOpts: RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n      where: this.options.whereExpression,\n      optimizedOnly: opts?.optimizedOnly ?? false,\n    }\n\n    if (opts) {\n      if (`where` in opts) {\n        const snapshotWhereExp = opts.where\n        if (stateOpts.where) {\n          // Combine the two where expressions\n          const subWhereExp = stateOpts.where\n          const combinedWhereExp = and(subWhereExp, snapshotWhereExp)\n          stateOpts.where = combinedWhereExp\n        } else {\n          stateOpts.where = snapshotWhereExp\n        }\n      }\n    } else {\n      // No options provided so it's loading the entire initial state\n      this.loadedInitialState = true\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    const loadOptions: LoadSubsetOptions = {\n      where: stateOpts.where,\n      subscription: this,\n      // Include orderBy and limit if provided so sync layer can optimize the query\n      orderBy: opts?.orderBy,\n      limit: opts?.limit,\n    }\n    const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(loadOptions)\n\n    // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later\n    this.loadedSubsets.push(loadOptions)\n\n    const trackLoadSubsetPromise = opts?.trackLoadSubsetPromise ?? true\n    if (trackLoadSubsetPromise) {\n      this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n    }\n\n    // Also load data immediately from the collection\n    const snapshot = this.collection.currentStateAsChanges(stateOpts)\n\n    if (snapshot === undefined) {\n      // Couldn't load from indexes\n      return false\n    }\n\n    // Only send changes that have not been sent yet\n    const filteredSnapshot = snapshot.filter(\n      (change) => !this.sentKeys.has(change.key),\n    )\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will see\n    // the keys already in sentKeys and filter out duplicates correctly.\n    for (const change of filteredSnapshot) {\n      this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n    }\n\n    this.snapshotSent = true\n    this.callback(filteredSnapshot)\n    return true\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends a snapshot that fulfills the `where` clause and all rows are bigger or equal to the cursor.\n   * Requires a range index to be set with `setOrderByIndex` prior to calling this method.\n   * It uses that range index to load the items in the order of the index.\n   *\n   * For multi-column orderBy:\n   * - Uses first value from `minValues` for LOCAL index operations (wide bounds, ensures no missed rows)\n   * - Uses all `minValues` to build a precise composite cursor for SYNC layer loadSubset\n   *\n   * Note 1: it may load more rows than the provided LIMIT because it loads all values equal to the first cursor value + limit values greater.\n   *         This is needed to ensure that it does not accidentally skip duplicate values when the limit falls in the middle of some duplicated values.\n   * Note 2: it does not send keys that have already been sent before.\n   */\n  requestLimitedSnapshot({\n    orderBy,\n    limit,\n    minValues,\n    offset,\n  }: RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions) {\n    if (!limit) throw new Error(`limit is required`)\n\n    if (!this.orderByIndex) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Ordered snapshot was requested but no index was found. You have to call setOrderByIndex before requesting an ordered snapshot.`,\n      )\n    }\n\n    // Derive first column value from minValues (used for local index operations)\n    const minValue = minValues?.[0]\n    // Cast for index operations (index expects string | number)\n    const minValueForIndex = minValue as string | number | undefined\n\n    const index = this.orderByIndex\n    const where = this.options.whereExpression\n    const whereFilterFn = where\n      ? createFilterFunctionFromExpression(where)\n      : undefined\n\n    const filterFn = (key: string | number): boolean => {\n      if (this.sentKeys.has(key)) {\n        return false\n      }\n\n      const value = this.collection.get(key)\n      if (value === undefined) {\n        return false\n      }\n\n      return whereFilterFn?.(value) ?? true\n    }\n\n    let biggestObservedValue = minValueForIndex\n    const changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>> = []\n\n    // If we have a minValue we need to handle the case\n    // where there might be duplicate values equal to minValue that we need to include\n    // because we can have data like this: [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5]\n    // so if minValue is 3 then the previous snapshot may not have included all 3s\n    // e.g. if it was offset 0 and limit 3 it would only have loaded the first 3\n    //      so we load all rows equal to minValue first, to be sure we don't skip any duplicate values\n    //\n    // For multi-column orderBy, we use the first column value for index operations (wide bounds)\n    // This may load some duplicates but ensures we never miss any rows.\n    let keys: Array<string | number> = []\n    if (minValueForIndex !== undefined) {\n      // First, get all items with the same FIRST COLUMN value as minValue\n      // This provides wide bounds for the local index\n      const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n      const allRowsWithMinValue = this.collection.currentStateAsChanges({\n        where: eq(expression, new Value(minValueForIndex)),\n      })\n\n      if (allRowsWithMinValue) {\n        const keysWithMinValue = allRowsWithMinValue\n          .map((change) => change.key)\n          .filter((key) => !this.sentKeys.has(key) && filterFn(key))\n\n        // Add items with the minValue first\n        keys.push(...keysWithMinValue)\n\n        // Then get items greater than minValue\n        const keysGreaterThanMin = index.take(\n          limit - keys.length,\n          minValueForIndex,\n          filterFn,\n        )\n        keys.push(...keysGreaterThanMin)\n      } else {\n        keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n      }\n    } else {\n      keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    const valuesNeeded = () => Math.max(limit - changes.length, 0)\n    const collectionExhausted = () => keys.length === 0\n\n    while (valuesNeeded() > 0 && !collectionExhausted()) {\n      const insertedKeys = new Set<string | number>() // Track keys we add to `changes` in this iteration\n\n      for (const key of keys) {\n        const value = this.collection.get(key)!\n        changes.push({\n          type: `insert`,\n          key,\n          value,\n        })\n        biggestObservedValue = value\n        insertedKeys.add(key) // Track this key\n      }\n\n      keys = index.take(valuesNeeded(), biggestObservedValue, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    // Track row count for offset-based pagination (before sending to callback)\n    // Use the current count as the offset for this load\n    const currentOffset = this.limitedSnapshotRowCount\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will see\n    // the keys already in sentKeys and filter out duplicates correctly.\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n    }\n\n    this.callback(changes)\n\n    // Update the row count and last key after sending (for next call's offset/cursor)\n    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount += changes.length\n    if (changes.length > 0) {\n      this.lastSentKey = changes[changes.length - 1]!.key\n    }\n\n    // Build cursor expressions for sync layer loadSubset\n    // The cursor expressions are separate from the main where clause\n    // so the sync layer can choose cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    let cursorExpressions:\n      | {\n          whereFrom: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          whereCurrent: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          lastKey?: string | number\n        }\n      | undefined\n\n    if (minValues !== undefined && minValues.length > 0) {\n      const whereFromCursor = buildCursor(orderBy, minValues)\n\n      if (whereFromCursor) {\n        const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n        const minValue = minValues[0]\n\n        // Build the whereCurrent expression for the first orderBy column\n        // For Date values, we need to handle precision differences between JS (ms) and backends (μs)\n        // A JS Date represents a 1ms range, so we query for all values within that range\n        let whereCurrentCursor: BasicExpression<boolean>\n        if (minValue instanceof Date) {\n          const minValuePlus1ms = new Date(minValue.getTime() + 1)\n          whereCurrentCursor = and(\n            gte(expression, new Value(minValue)),\n            lt(expression, new Value(minValuePlus1ms)),\n          )\n        } else {\n          whereCurrentCursor = eq(expression, new Value(minValue))\n        }\n\n        cursorExpressions = {\n          whereFrom: whereFromCursor,\n          whereCurrent: whereCurrentCursor,\n          lastKey: this.lastSentKey,\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    // Note: `where` does NOT include cursor expressions - they are passed separately\n    // The sync layer can choose to use cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    const loadOptions: LoadSubsetOptions = {\n      where, // Main filter only, no cursor\n      limit,\n      orderBy,\n      cursor: cursorExpressions, // Cursor expressions passed separately\n      offset: offset ?? currentOffset, // Use provided offset, or auto-tracked offset\n      subscription: this,\n    }\n    const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(loadOptions)\n\n    // Track this loadSubset call\n    this.loadedSubsets.push(loadOptions)\n    this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n  }\n\n  // TODO: also add similar test but that checks that it can also load it from the collection's loadSubset function\n  //       and that that also works properly (i.e. does not skip duplicate values)\n\n  /**\n   * Filters and flips changes for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Deletes are filtered out for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Updates are flipped into inserts for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Duplicate inserts are filtered out to prevent D2 multiplicity > 1.\n   */\n  private filterAndFlipChanges(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // We loaded the entire initial state or filtering is explicitly skipped\n      // so no need to filter or flip changes\n      return changes\n    }\n\n    const newChanges = []\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      let newChange = change\n      const keyInSentKeys = this.sentKeys.has(change.key)\n\n      if (!keyInSentKeys) {\n        if (change.type === `update`) {\n          newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: undefined }\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // filter out deletes for keys that have not been sent\n          continue\n        }\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // Key was already sent - handle based on change type\n        if (change.type === `insert`) {\n          // Filter out duplicate inserts - the key was already inserted.\n          // This prevents D2 multiplicity from going above 1, which would\n          // cause deletes to not properly remove items (multiplicity would\n          // go from 2 to 1 instead of 1 to 0).\n          continue\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // Remove from sentKeys so future inserts for this key are allowed\n          // (e.g., after truncate + reinsert)\n          this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n        }\n      }\n      newChanges.push(newChange)\n    }\n    return newChanges\n  }\n\n  private trackSentKeys(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // No need to track sent keys if we loaded the entire state or filtering is skipped.\n      // Since filtering won't be applied, all keys are effectively \"observed\".\n      return\n    }\n\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      if (change.type === `delete`) {\n        // Remove deleted keys from sentKeys so future re-inserts are allowed\n        this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // For inserts and updates, track the key as sent\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Mark that the subscription should not filter any changes.\n   * This is used when includeInitialState is explicitly set to false,\n   * meaning the caller doesn't want initial state but does want ALL future changes.\n   */\n  markAllStateAsSeen() {\n    this.skipFiltering = true\n  }\n\n  unsubscribe() {\n    // Unload all subsets that this subscription loaded\n    // We pass the exact same LoadSubsetOptions we used for loadSubset\n    for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {\n      this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options)\n    }\n    this.loadedSubsets = []\n\n    this.emitInner(`unsubscribed`, {\n      type: `unsubscribed`,\n      subscription: this,\n    })\n    // Clear all event listeners to prevent memory leaks\n    this.clearListeners()\n  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+{"version":3,"file":"subscription.cjs","sources":["../../../src/collection/subscription.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { ensureIndexForExpression } from '../indexes/auto-index.js'\nimport { and, eq, gte, lt } from '../query/builder/functions.js'\nimport { Value } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport { EventEmitter } from '../event-emitter.js'\nimport { buildCursor } from '../utils/cursor.js'\nimport {\n  createFilterFunctionFromExpression,\n  createFilteredCallback,\n} from './change-events.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression, OrderBy } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport type { IndexInterface } from '../indexes/base-index.js'\nimport type {\n  ChangeMessage,\n  LoadSubsetOptions,\n  Subscription,\n  SubscriptionEvents,\n  SubscriptionStatus,\n  SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent,\n} from '../types.js'\nimport type { CollectionImpl } from './index.js'\n\ntype RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n  where?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  optimizedOnly?: boolean\n  trackLoadSubsetPromise?: boolean\n  /** Optional orderBy to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  orderBy?: OrderBy\n  /** Optional limit to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  limit?: number\n}\n\ntype RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions = {\n  orderBy: OrderBy\n  limit: number\n  /** All column values for cursor (first value used for local index, all values for sync layer) */\n  minValues?: Array<unknown>\n  /** Row offset for offset-based pagination (passed to sync layer) */\n  offset?: number\n}\n\ntype CollectionSubscriptionOptions = {\n  includeInitialState?: boolean\n  /** Pre-compiled expression for filtering changes */\n  whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  /** Callback to call when the subscription is unsubscribed */\n  onUnsubscribe?: (event: SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent) => void\n}\n\nexport class CollectionSubscription\n  extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEvents>\n  implements Subscription\n{\n  private loadedInitialState = false\n\n  // Flag to skip filtering in filterAndFlipChanges.\n  // This is separate from loadedInitialState because we want to allow\n  // requestSnapshot to still work even when filtering is skipped.\n  private skipFiltering = false\n\n  // Flag to indicate that we have sent at least 1 snapshot.\n  // While `snapshotSent` is false we filter out all changes from subscription to the collection.\n  private snapshotSent = false\n\n  /**\n   * Track all loadSubset calls made by this subscription so we can unload them on cleanup.\n   * We store the exact LoadSubsetOptions we passed to loadSubset to ensure symmetric unload.\n   */\n  private loadedSubsets: Array<LoadSubsetOptions> = []\n\n  // Keep track of the keys we've sent (needed for join and orderBy optimizations)\n  private sentKeys = new Set<string | number>()\n\n  // Track the count of rows sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for offset-based pagination\n  private limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n\n  // Track the last key sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for cursor-based pagination\n  private lastSentKey: string | number | undefined\n\n  private filteredCallback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void\n\n  private orderByIndex: IndexInterface<string | number> | undefined\n\n  // Status tracking\n  private _status: SubscriptionStatus = `ready`\n  private pendingLoadSubsetPromises: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  // Cleanup function for truncate event listener\n  private truncateCleanup: (() => void) | undefined\n\n  // Truncate buffering state\n  // When a truncate occurs, we buffer changes until all loadSubset refetches complete\n  // This prevents a flash of missing content between deletes and new inserts\n  private isBufferingForTruncate = false\n  private truncateBuffer: Array<Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>> = []\n  private pendingTruncateRefetches: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  public get status(): SubscriptionStatus {\n    return this._status\n  }\n\n  constructor(\n    private collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>,\n    private callback: 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cleared.\n    // We need to re-request all previously loaded subsets to repopulate the data.\n    this.truncateCleanup = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {\n      this.handleTruncate()\n    })\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.\n   * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.\n   *\n   * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate\n   * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.\n   */\n  private handleTruncate() {\n    // Copy the loaded subsets before clearing (we'll re-request them)\n    const subsetsToReload = [...this.loadedSubsets]\n\n    // Only buffer if there's an actual loadSubset handler that can do async work.\n    // Without a loadSubset handler, there's nothing to re-request and no reason to buffer.\n    // This prevents unnecessary buffering in eager sync mode or when loadSubset 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false\n    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n    this.lastSentKey = undefined\n\n    // Clear the loadedSubsets array since we're re-requesting fresh\n    this.loadedSubsets = []\n\n    // Defer the loadSubset calls to a microtask so the truncate commit's delete events\n    // are buffered BEFORE the loadSubset calls potentially trigger nested commits.\n    // This ensures correct event ordering: deletes first, then inserts.\n    queueMicrotask(() => {\n      // Check if we were unsubscribed while waiting\n      if (!this.isBufferingForTruncate) {\n        return\n      }\n\n      // Re-request all previously loaded subsets and track their promises\n      for (const options of subsetsToReload) {\n        const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(options)\n\n        // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later\n        this.loadedSubsets.push(options)\n        this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n\n        // Track the promise for buffer flushing\n        if 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   }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback\n   */\n  private flushTruncateBuffer() {\n    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false\n\n    // Flatten all buffered changes into a single array for atomic emission\n    // This ensures consumers see all truncate changes (deletes + inserts) in one callback\n    const merged = this.truncateBuffer.flat()\n    if (merged.length > 0) {\n      this.filteredCallback(merged)\n    }\n\n    this.truncateBuffer = []\n  }\n\n  setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>) {\n    this.orderByIndex = index\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Set subscription status and emit events if changed\n   */\n  private setStatus(newStatus: SubscriptionStatus) {\n    if (this._status === newStatus) {\n      return // No change\n    }\n\n    const previousStatus = this._status\n    this._status = newStatus\n\n    // Emit status:change event\n    this.emitInner(`status:change`, {\n      type: `status:change`,\n      subscription: 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}\n\n  hasSentAtLeastOneSnapshot() {\n    return this.snapshotSent\n  }\n\n  emitEvents(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes)\n\n    if (this.isBufferingForTruncate) {\n      // Buffer the changes instead of emitting immediately\n      // This prevents a flash of missing content during truncate/refetch\n      if (newChanges.length > 0) {\n        this.truncateBuffer.push(newChanges)\n      }\n    } else {\n      this.filteredCallback(newChanges)\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends the snapshot to the callback.\n   * Returns a boolean indicating if it succeeded.\n   * It can only fail if there is no index to fulfill the request\n   * and the optimizedOnly option is set to true,\n   * or, the entire state was already loaded.\n   */\n  requestSnapshot(opts?: RequestSnapshotOptions): boolean {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState) {\n      // Subscription was deoptimized so we already sent the entire initial state\n      return 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duplicate values when the limit falls in the middle of some duplicated values.\n   * Note 2: it does not send keys that have already been sent before.\n   */\n  requestLimitedSnapshot({\n    orderBy,\n    limit,\n    minValues,\n    offset,\n  }: RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions) {\n    if (!limit) throw new Error(`limit is required`)\n\n    if (!this.orderByIndex) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Ordered snapshot was requested but no index was found. 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keys.length,\n          minValueForIndex,\n          filterFn,\n        )\n        keys.push(...keysGreaterThanMin)\n      } else {\n        keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n      }\n    } else {\n      keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    const valuesNeeded = () => Math.max(limit - changes.length, 0)\n    const collectionExhausted = () => keys.length === 0\n\n    while (valuesNeeded() > 0 && !collectionExhausted()) {\n      const insertedKeys = new Set<string | number>() // Track keys we add to `changes` in this iteration\n\n      for (const key of keys) {\n        const value = this.collection.get(key)!\n        changes.push({\n          type: `insert`,\n          key,\n          value,\n        })\n        biggestObservedValue = value\n        insertedKeys.add(key) // Track this key\n      }\n\n      keys = index.take(valuesNeeded(), biggestObservedValue, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    // Track row count for offset-based pagination (before sending to callback)\n    // Use the current count as the offset for this load\n    const currentOffset = this.limitedSnapshotRowCount\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will see\n    // the keys already in sentKeys and filter out duplicates correctly.\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n    }\n\n    this.callback(changes)\n\n    // Update the row count and last key after sending (for next call's offset/cursor)\n    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount += changes.length\n    if (changes.length > 0) {\n      this.lastSentKey = changes[changes.length - 1]!.key\n    }\n\n    // Build cursor expressions for sync layer loadSubset\n    // The cursor expressions are separate from the main where clause\n    // so the sync layer can choose cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    let cursorExpressions:\n      | {\n          whereFrom: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          whereCurrent: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          lastKey?: string | number\n        }\n      | undefined\n\n    if (minValues !== undefined && minValues.length > 0) {\n      const whereFromCursor = buildCursor(orderBy, minValues)\n\n      if (whereFromCursor) {\n        const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n        const minValue = minValues[0]\n\n        // Build the whereCurrent expression for the first orderBy column\n        // For Date values, we need to handle precision differences between JS (ms) and backends (μs)\n        // A JS Date represents a 1ms range, so we query for all values within that range\n        let whereCurrentCursor: BasicExpression<boolean>\n        if (minValue instanceof Date) {\n          const minValuePlus1ms = new Date(minValue.getTime() + 1)\n          whereCurrentCursor = and(\n            gte(expression, new Value(minValue)),\n            lt(expression, new Value(minValuePlus1ms)),\n          )\n        } else {\n          whereCurrentCursor = eq(expression, new Value(minValue))\n        }\n\n        cursorExpressions = {\n          whereFrom: whereFromCursor,\n          whereCurrent: whereCurrentCursor,\n          lastKey: this.lastSentKey,\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    // Note: `where` does NOT include cursor expressions - 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If loadedInitialState was previously true, sentKeys will be empty\n    //    (trackSentKeys early-returns when loadedInitialState is true)\n    // 2. The truncate deletes are for keys that WERE sent to the subscriber\n    // 3. We're collecting all changes atomically, so filtering doesn't make sense\n    const skipDeleteFilter = this.isBufferingForTruncate\n\n    const newChanges = []\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      let newChange = change\n      const keyInSentKeys = this.sentKeys.has(change.key)\n\n      if (!keyInSentKeys) {\n        if (change.type === `update`) {\n          newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: undefined }\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // Filter out deletes for keys that have not been sent,\n          // UNLESS we're buffering for truncate (where all deletes should pass through)\n          if (!skipDeleteFilter) {\n            continue\n          }\n        }\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // Key was already sent - handle based on change type\n        if (change.type === `insert`) {\n          // Filter out duplicate inserts - the key was already inserted.\n          // This prevents D2 multiplicity from going above 1, which would\n          // cause deletes to not properly remove items (multiplicity would\n          // go from 2 to 1 instead of 1 to 0).\n          continue\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // Remove from sentKeys so future inserts for this key are allowed\n          // (e.g., after truncate + reinsert)\n          this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n        }\n      }\n      newChanges.push(newChange)\n    }\n    return newChanges\n  }\n\n  private trackSentKeys(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // No need to track sent keys if we loaded the entire state or filtering is skipped.\n      // Since filtering won't be applied, all keys are effectively \"observed\".\n      return\n    }\n\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      if (change.type === `delete`) {\n        // Remove deleted keys from sentKeys so future re-inserts are allowed\n        this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // For inserts and updates, track the key as sent\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Mark that the subscription should not filter any changes.\n   * This is used when includeInitialState is explicitly set to false,\n   * meaning the caller doesn't want initial state but does want ALL future changes.\n   */\n  markAllStateAsSeen() {\n    this.skipFiltering = true\n  }\n\n  unsubscribe() {\n    // Clean up truncate event listener\n    this.truncateCleanup?.()\n    this.truncateCleanup = undefined\n\n    // Clean up truncate buffer state\n    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false\n    this.truncateBuffer = []\n    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear()\n\n    // Unload all subsets that this subscription loaded\n    // We pass the exact same LoadSubsetOptions we used for loadSubset\n    for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {\n      this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options)\n    }\n    this.loadedSubsets = []\n\n    this.emitInner(`unsubscribed`, {\n      type: `unsubscribed`,\n      subscription: this,\n    })\n    // Clear all event listeners to prevent memory leaks\n    this.clearListeners()\n  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package/dist/cjs/collection/subscription.d.cts

@@ -46,8 +46,28 @@ export declare class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEve
     private orderByIndex;
     private _status;
     private pendingLoadSubsetPromises;
+    private truncateCleanup;
+    private isBufferingForTruncate;
+    private truncateBuffer;
+    private pendingTruncateRefetches;
     get status(): SubscriptionStatus;
     constructor(collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>, callback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void, options: CollectionSubscriptionOptions);
+    /**
+     * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.
+     * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.
+     *
+     * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate
+     * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.
+     */
+    private handleTruncate;
+    /**
+     * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so
+     */
+    private checkTruncateRefetchComplete;
+    /**
+     * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback
+     */
+    private flushTruncateBuffer;
     setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>): void;
     /**
      * Set subscription status and emit events if changed

package/dist/esm/collection/subscription.d.ts

@@ -46,8 +46,28 @@ export declare class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEve
     private orderByIndex;
     private _status;
     private pendingLoadSubsetPromises;
+    private truncateCleanup;
+    private isBufferingForTruncate;
+    private truncateBuffer;
+    private pendingTruncateRefetches;
     get status(): SubscriptionStatus;
     constructor(collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>, callback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void, options: CollectionSubscriptionOptions);
+    /**
+     * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.
+     * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.
+     *
+     * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate
+     * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.
+     */
+    private handleTruncate;
+    /**
+     * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so
+     */
+    private checkTruncateRefetchComplete;
+    /**
+     * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback
+     */
+    private flushTruncateBuffer;
     setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>): void;
     /**
      * Set subscription status and emit events if changed

package/dist/esm/collection/subscription.js

@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
     this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
     this._status = `ready`;
     this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
     if (options.onUnsubscribe) {
       this.on(`unsubscribed`, (event) => options.onUnsubscribe(event));
     }
@@ -30,10 +33,80 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
     };
     this.callback = callbackWithSentKeysTracking;
     this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression ? createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options) : this.callback;
+    this.truncateCleanup = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {
+      this.handleTruncate();
+    });
   }
   get status() {
     return this._status;
   }
+  /**
+   * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.
+   * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.
+   *
+   * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate
+   * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.
+   */
+  handleTruncate() {
+    const subsetsToReload = [...this.loadedSubsets];
+    const hasLoadSubsetHandler = this.collection._sync.syncLoadSubsetFn !== null;
+    if (subsetsToReload.length === 0 || !hasLoadSubsetHandler) {
+      this.snapshotSent = false;
+      this.loadedInitialState = false;
+      this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
+      this.lastSentKey = void 0;
+      this.loadedSubsets = [];
+      return;
+    }
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = true;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear();
+    this.snapshotSent = false;
+    this.loadedInitialState = false;
+    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0;
+    this.lastSentKey = void 0;
+    this.loadedSubsets = [];
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      if (!this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+        return;
+      }
+      for (const options of subsetsToReload) {
+        const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(options);
+        this.loadedSubsets.push(options);
+        this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult);
+        if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {
+          this.pendingTruncateRefetches.add(syncResult);
+          syncResult.catch(() => {
+          }).finally(() => {
+            this.pendingTruncateRefetches.delete(syncResult);
+            this.checkTruncateRefetchComplete();
+          });
+        }
+      }
+      if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0) {
+        this.flushTruncateBuffer();
+      }
+    });
+  }
+  /**
+   * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so
+   */
+  checkTruncateRefetchComplete() {
+    if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0 && this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+      this.flushTruncateBuffer();
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback
+   */
+  flushTruncateBuffer() {
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    const merged = this.truncateBuffer.flat();
+    if (merged.length > 0) {
+      this.filteredCallback(merged);
+    }
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+  }
   setOrderByIndex(index) {
     this.orderByIndex = index;
   }
@@ -83,7 +156,13 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
   }
   emitEvents(changes) {
     const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes);
-    this.filteredCallback(newChanges);
+    if (this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+      if (newChanges.length > 0) {
+        this.truncateBuffer.push(newChanges);
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.filteredCallback(newChanges);
+    }
   }
   /**
    * Sends the snapshot to the callback.
@@ -279,6 +358,7 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
     if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {
       return changes;
     }
+    const skipDeleteFilter = this.isBufferingForTruncate;
     const newChanges = [];
     for (const change of changes) {
       let newChange = change;
@@ -287,7 +367,9 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
         if (change.type === `update`) {
           newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: void 0 };
         } else if (change.type === `delete`) {
-          continue;
+          if (!skipDeleteFilter) {
+            continue;
+          }
         }
         this.sentKeys.add(change.key);
       } else {
@@ -322,6 +404,11 @@ class CollectionSubscription extends EventEmitter {
     this.skipFiltering = true;
   }
   unsubscribe() {
+    this.truncateCleanup?.();
+    this.truncateCleanup = void 0;
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false;
+    this.truncateBuffer = [];
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear();
     for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {
       this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options);
     }

package/dist/esm/collection/subscription.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"subscription.js","sources":["../../../src/collection/subscription.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { ensureIndexForExpression } from '../indexes/auto-index.js'\nimport { and, eq, gte, lt } from '../query/builder/functions.js'\nimport { Value } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport { EventEmitter } from '../event-emitter.js'\nimport { buildCursor } from '../utils/cursor.js'\nimport {\n  createFilterFunctionFromExpression,\n  createFilteredCallback,\n} from './change-events.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression, OrderBy } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport type { IndexInterface } from '../indexes/base-index.js'\nimport type {\n  ChangeMessage,\n  LoadSubsetOptions,\n  Subscription,\n  SubscriptionEvents,\n  SubscriptionStatus,\n  SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent,\n} from '../types.js'\nimport type { CollectionImpl } from './index.js'\n\ntype RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n  where?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  optimizedOnly?: boolean\n  trackLoadSubsetPromise?: boolean\n  /** Optional orderBy to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  orderBy?: OrderBy\n  /** Optional limit to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  limit?: number\n}\n\ntype RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions = {\n  orderBy: OrderBy\n  limit: number\n  /** All column values for cursor (first value used for local index, all values for sync layer) */\n  minValues?: Array<unknown>\n  /** Row offset for offset-based pagination (passed to sync layer) */\n  offset?: number\n}\n\ntype CollectionSubscriptionOptions = {\n  includeInitialState?: boolean\n  /** Pre-compiled expression for filtering changes */\n  whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  /** Callback to call when the subscription is unsubscribed */\n  onUnsubscribe?: (event: SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent) => void\n}\n\nexport class CollectionSubscription\n  extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEvents>\n  implements Subscription\n{\n  private loadedInitialState = false\n\n  // Flag to skip filtering in filterAndFlipChanges.\n  // This is separate from loadedInitialState because we want to allow\n  // requestSnapshot to still work even when filtering is skipped.\n  private skipFiltering = false\n\n  // Flag to indicate that we have sent at least 1 snapshot.\n  // While `snapshotSent` is false we filter out all changes from subscription to the collection.\n  private snapshotSent = false\n\n  /**\n   * Track all loadSubset calls made by this subscription so we can unload them on cleanup.\n   * We store the exact LoadSubsetOptions we passed to loadSubset to ensure symmetric unload.\n   */\n  private loadedSubsets: Array<LoadSubsetOptions> = []\n\n  // Keep track of the keys we've sent (needed for join and orderBy optimizations)\n  private sentKeys = new Set<string | number>()\n\n  // Track the count of rows sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for offset-based pagination\n  private limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n\n  // Track the last key sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for cursor-based pagination\n  private lastSentKey: string | number | undefined\n\n  private filteredCallback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void\n\n  private orderByIndex: IndexInterface<string | number> | undefined\n\n  // Status tracking\n  private _status: SubscriptionStatus = `ready`\n  private pendingLoadSubsetPromises: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  public get status(): SubscriptionStatus {\n    return this._status\n  }\n\n  constructor(\n    private collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>,\n    private callback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void,\n    private options: CollectionSubscriptionOptions,\n  ) {\n    super()\n    if (options.onUnsubscribe) {\n      this.on(`unsubscribed`, (event) => options.onUnsubscribe!(event))\n    }\n\n    // Auto-index for where expressions if enabled\n    if (options.whereExpression) {\n      ensureIndexForExpression(options.whereExpression, this.collection)\n    }\n\n    const callbackWithSentKeysTracking = (\n      changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>,\n    ) => {\n      callback(changes)\n      this.trackSentKeys(changes)\n    }\n\n    this.callback = callbackWithSentKeysTracking\n\n    // Create a filtered callback if where clause is provided\n    this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression\n      ? createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options)\n      : this.callback\n  }\n\n  setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>) {\n    this.orderByIndex = index\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Set subscription status and emit events if changed\n   */\n  private setStatus(newStatus: SubscriptionStatus) {\n    if (this._status === newStatus) {\n      return // No change\n    }\n\n    const previousStatus = this._status\n    this._status = newStatus\n\n    // Emit status:change event\n    this.emitInner(`status:change`, {\n      type: `status:change`,\n      subscription: this,\n      previousStatus,\n      status: newStatus,\n    })\n\n    // Emit specific status event\n    const eventKey: `status:${SubscriptionStatus}` = `status:${newStatus}`\n    this.emitInner(eventKey, {\n      type: eventKey,\n      subscription: this,\n      previousStatus,\n      status: newStatus,\n    } as SubscriptionEvents[typeof eventKey])\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Track a loadSubset promise and manage loading status\n   */\n  private trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult: Promise<void> | true) {\n    // Track the promise if it's actually a promise (async work)\n    if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {\n      this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.add(syncResult)\n      this.setStatus(`loadingSubset`)\n\n      syncResult.finally(() => {\n        this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.delete(syncResult)\n        if (this.pendingLoadSubsetPromises.size === 0) {\n          this.setStatus(`ready`)\n        }\n      })\n    }\n  }\n\n  hasLoadedInitialState() {\n    return this.loadedInitialState\n  }\n\n  hasSentAtLeastOneSnapshot() {\n    return this.snapshotSent\n  }\n\n  emitEvents(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes)\n    this.filteredCallback(newChanges)\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends the snapshot to the callback.\n   * Returns a boolean indicating if it succeeded.\n   * It can only fail if there is no index to fulfill the request\n   * and the optimizedOnly option is set to true,\n   * or, the entire state was already loaded.\n   */\n  requestSnapshot(opts?: RequestSnapshotOptions): boolean {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState) {\n      // Subscription was deoptimized so we already sent the entire initial state\n      return false\n    }\n\n    const stateOpts: RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n      where: this.options.whereExpression,\n      optimizedOnly: opts?.optimizedOnly ?? false,\n    }\n\n    if (opts) {\n      if (`where` in opts) {\n        const snapshotWhereExp = opts.where\n        if (stateOpts.where) {\n          // Combine the two where expressions\n          const subWhereExp = stateOpts.where\n          const combinedWhereExp = and(subWhereExp, snapshotWhereExp)\n          stateOpts.where = combinedWhereExp\n        } else {\n          stateOpts.where = snapshotWhereExp\n        }\n      }\n    } else {\n      // No options provided so it's loading the entire initial state\n      this.loadedInitialState = true\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    const loadOptions: LoadSubsetOptions = {\n      where: stateOpts.where,\n      subscription: this,\n      // Include orderBy and limit if provided so sync layer can optimize the query\n      orderBy: opts?.orderBy,\n      limit: opts?.limit,\n    }\n    const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(loadOptions)\n\n    // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later\n    this.loadedSubsets.push(loadOptions)\n\n    const trackLoadSubsetPromise = opts?.trackLoadSubsetPromise ?? true\n    if (trackLoadSubsetPromise) {\n      this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n    }\n\n    // Also load data immediately from the collection\n    const snapshot = this.collection.currentStateAsChanges(stateOpts)\n\n    if (snapshot === undefined) {\n      // Couldn't load from indexes\n      return false\n    }\n\n    // Only send changes that have not been sent yet\n    const filteredSnapshot = snapshot.filter(\n      (change) => !this.sentKeys.has(change.key),\n    )\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will see\n    // the keys already in sentKeys and filter out duplicates correctly.\n    for (const change of filteredSnapshot) {\n      this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n    }\n\n    this.snapshotSent = true\n    this.callback(filteredSnapshot)\n    return true\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends a snapshot that fulfills the `where` clause and all rows are bigger or equal to the cursor.\n   * Requires a range index to be set with `setOrderByIndex` prior to calling this method.\n   * It uses that range index to load the items in the order of the index.\n   *\n   * For multi-column orderBy:\n   * - Uses first value from `minValues` for LOCAL index operations (wide bounds, ensures no missed rows)\n   * - Uses all `minValues` to build a precise composite cursor for SYNC layer loadSubset\n   *\n   * Note 1: it may load more rows than the provided LIMIT because it loads all values equal to the first cursor value + limit values greater.\n   *         This is needed to ensure that it does not accidentally skip duplicate values when the limit falls in the middle of some duplicated values.\n   * Note 2: it does not send keys that have already been sent before.\n   */\n  requestLimitedSnapshot({\n    orderBy,\n    limit,\n    minValues,\n    offset,\n  }: RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions) {\n    if (!limit) throw new Error(`limit is required`)\n\n    if (!this.orderByIndex) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Ordered snapshot was requested but no index was found. You have to call setOrderByIndex before requesting an ordered snapshot.`,\n      )\n    }\n\n    // Derive first column value from minValues (used for local index operations)\n    const minValue = minValues?.[0]\n    // Cast for index operations (index expects string | number)\n    const minValueForIndex = minValue as string | number | undefined\n\n    const index = this.orderByIndex\n    const where = this.options.whereExpression\n    const whereFilterFn = where\n      ? createFilterFunctionFromExpression(where)\n      : undefined\n\n    const filterFn = (key: string | number): boolean => {\n      if (this.sentKeys.has(key)) {\n        return false\n      }\n\n      const value = this.collection.get(key)\n      if (value === undefined) {\n        return false\n      }\n\n      return whereFilterFn?.(value) ?? true\n    }\n\n    let biggestObservedValue = minValueForIndex\n    const changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>> = []\n\n    // If we have a minValue we need to handle the case\n    // where there might be duplicate values equal to minValue that we need to include\n    // because we can have data like this: [1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5]\n    // so if minValue is 3 then the previous snapshot may not have included all 3s\n    // e.g. if it was offset 0 and limit 3 it would only have loaded the first 3\n    //      so we load all rows equal to minValue first, to be sure we don't skip any duplicate values\n    //\n    // For multi-column orderBy, we use the first column value for index operations (wide bounds)\n    // This may load some duplicates but ensures we never miss any rows.\n    let keys: Array<string | number> = []\n    if (minValueForIndex !== undefined) {\n      // First, get all items with the same FIRST COLUMN value as minValue\n      // This provides wide bounds for the local index\n      const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n      const allRowsWithMinValue = this.collection.currentStateAsChanges({\n        where: eq(expression, new Value(minValueForIndex)),\n      })\n\n      if (allRowsWithMinValue) {\n        const keysWithMinValue = allRowsWithMinValue\n          .map((change) => change.key)\n          .filter((key) => !this.sentKeys.has(key) && filterFn(key))\n\n        // Add items with the minValue first\n        keys.push(...keysWithMinValue)\n\n        // Then get items greater than minValue\n        const keysGreaterThanMin = index.take(\n          limit - keys.length,\n          minValueForIndex,\n          filterFn,\n        )\n        keys.push(...keysGreaterThanMin)\n      } else {\n        keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n      }\n    } else {\n      keys = index.take(limit, minValueForIndex, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    const valuesNeeded = () => Math.max(limit - changes.length, 0)\n    const collectionExhausted = () => keys.length === 0\n\n    while (valuesNeeded() > 0 && !collectionExhausted()) {\n      const insertedKeys = new Set<string | number>() // Track keys we add to `changes` in this iteration\n\n      for (const key of keys) {\n        const value = this.collection.get(key)!\n        changes.push({\n          type: `insert`,\n          key,\n          value,\n        })\n        biggestObservedValue = value\n        insertedKeys.add(key) // Track this key\n      }\n\n      keys = index.take(valuesNeeded(), biggestObservedValue, filterFn)\n    }\n\n    // Track row count for offset-based pagination (before sending to callback)\n    // Use the current count as the offset for this load\n    const currentOffset = this.limitedSnapshotRowCount\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will see\n    // the keys already in sentKeys and filter out duplicates correctly.\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n    }\n\n    this.callback(changes)\n\n    // Update the row count and last key after sending (for next call's offset/cursor)\n    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount += changes.length\n    if (changes.length > 0) {\n      this.lastSentKey = changes[changes.length - 1]!.key\n    }\n\n    // Build cursor expressions for sync layer loadSubset\n    // The cursor expressions are separate from the main where clause\n    // so the sync layer can choose cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    let cursorExpressions:\n      | {\n          whereFrom: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          whereCurrent: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          lastKey?: string | number\n        }\n      | undefined\n\n    if (minValues !== undefined && minValues.length > 0) {\n      const whereFromCursor = buildCursor(orderBy, minValues)\n\n      if (whereFromCursor) {\n        const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n        const minValue = minValues[0]\n\n        // Build the whereCurrent expression for the first orderBy column\n        // For Date values, we need to handle precision differences between JS (ms) and backends (μs)\n        // A JS Date represents a 1ms range, so we query for all values within that range\n        let whereCurrentCursor: BasicExpression<boolean>\n        if (minValue instanceof Date) {\n          const minValuePlus1ms = new Date(minValue.getTime() + 1)\n          whereCurrentCursor = and(\n            gte(expression, new Value(minValue)),\n            lt(expression, new Value(minValuePlus1ms)),\n          )\n        } else {\n          whereCurrentCursor = eq(expression, new Value(minValue))\n        }\n\n        cursorExpressions = {\n          whereFrom: whereFromCursor,\n          whereCurrent: whereCurrentCursor,\n          lastKey: this.lastSentKey,\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    // Note: `where` does NOT include cursor expressions - they are passed separately\n    // The sync layer can choose to use cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    const loadOptions: LoadSubsetOptions = {\n      where, // Main filter only, no cursor\n      limit,\n      orderBy,\n      cursor: cursorExpressions, // Cursor expressions passed separately\n      offset: offset ?? currentOffset, // Use provided offset, or auto-tracked offset\n      subscription: this,\n    }\n    const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(loadOptions)\n\n    // Track this loadSubset call\n    this.loadedSubsets.push(loadOptions)\n    this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n  }\n\n  // TODO: also add similar test but that checks that it can also load it from the collection's loadSubset function\n  //       and that that also works properly (i.e. does not skip duplicate values)\n\n  /**\n   * Filters and flips changes for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Deletes are filtered out for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Updates are flipped into inserts for keys that have not been sent yet.\n   * Duplicate inserts are filtered out to prevent D2 multiplicity > 1.\n   */\n  private filterAndFlipChanges(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // We loaded the entire initial state or filtering is explicitly skipped\n      // so no need to filter or flip changes\n      return changes\n    }\n\n    const newChanges = []\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      let newChange = change\n      const keyInSentKeys = this.sentKeys.has(change.key)\n\n      if (!keyInSentKeys) {\n        if (change.type === `update`) {\n          newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: undefined }\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // filter out deletes for keys that have not been sent\n          continue\n        }\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // Key was already sent - handle based on change type\n        if (change.type === `insert`) {\n          // Filter out duplicate inserts - the key was already inserted.\n          // This prevents D2 multiplicity from going above 1, which would\n          // cause deletes to not properly remove items (multiplicity would\n          // go from 2 to 1 instead of 1 to 0).\n          continue\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // Remove from sentKeys so future inserts for this key are allowed\n          // (e.g., after truncate + reinsert)\n          this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n        }\n      }\n      newChanges.push(newChange)\n    }\n    return newChanges\n  }\n\n  private trackSentKeys(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // No need to track sent keys if we loaded the entire state or filtering is skipped.\n      // Since filtering won't be applied, all keys are effectively \"observed\".\n      return\n    }\n\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      if (change.type === `delete`) {\n        // Remove deleted keys from sentKeys so future re-inserts are allowed\n        this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // For inserts and updates, track the key as sent\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Mark that the subscription should not filter any changes.\n   * This is used when includeInitialState is explicitly set to false,\n   * meaning the caller doesn't want initial state but does want ALL future changes.\n   */\n  markAllStateAsSeen() {\n    this.skipFiltering = true\n  }\n\n  unsubscribe() {\n    // Unload all subsets that this subscription loaded\n    // We pass the exact same LoadSubsetOptions we used for loadSubset\n    for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {\n      this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options)\n    }\n    this.loadedSubsets = []\n\n    this.emitInner(`unsubscribed`, {\n      type: `unsubscribed`,\n      subscription: this,\n    })\n    // Clear all event listeners to prevent memory leaks\n    this.clearListeners()\n  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+{"version":3,"file":"subscription.js","sources":["../../../src/collection/subscription.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { ensureIndexForExpression } from '../indexes/auto-index.js'\nimport { and, eq, gte, lt } from '../query/builder/functions.js'\nimport { Value } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport { EventEmitter } from '../event-emitter.js'\nimport { buildCursor } from '../utils/cursor.js'\nimport {\n  createFilterFunctionFromExpression,\n  createFilteredCallback,\n} from './change-events.js'\nimport type { BasicExpression, OrderBy } from '../query/ir.js'\nimport type { IndexInterface } from '../indexes/base-index.js'\nimport type {\n  ChangeMessage,\n  LoadSubsetOptions,\n  Subscription,\n  SubscriptionEvents,\n  SubscriptionStatus,\n  SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent,\n} from '../types.js'\nimport type { CollectionImpl } from './index.js'\n\ntype RequestSnapshotOptions = {\n  where?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  optimizedOnly?: boolean\n  trackLoadSubsetPromise?: boolean\n  /** Optional orderBy to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  orderBy?: OrderBy\n  /** Optional limit to pass to loadSubset for backend optimization */\n  limit?: number\n}\n\ntype RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions = {\n  orderBy: OrderBy\n  limit: number\n  /** All column values for cursor (first value used for local index, all values for sync layer) */\n  minValues?: Array<unknown>\n  /** Row offset for offset-based pagination (passed to sync layer) */\n  offset?: number\n}\n\ntype CollectionSubscriptionOptions = {\n  includeInitialState?: boolean\n  /** Pre-compiled expression for filtering changes */\n  whereExpression?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  /** Callback to call when the subscription is unsubscribed */\n  onUnsubscribe?: (event: SubscriptionUnsubscribedEvent) => void\n}\n\nexport class CollectionSubscription\n  extends EventEmitter<SubscriptionEvents>\n  implements Subscription\n{\n  private loadedInitialState = false\n\n  // Flag to skip filtering in filterAndFlipChanges.\n  // This is separate from loadedInitialState because we want to allow\n  // requestSnapshot to still work even when filtering is skipped.\n  private skipFiltering = false\n\n  // Flag to indicate that we have sent at least 1 snapshot.\n  // While `snapshotSent` is false we filter out all changes from subscription to the collection.\n  private snapshotSent = false\n\n  /**\n   * Track all loadSubset calls made by this subscription so we can unload them on cleanup.\n   * We store the exact LoadSubsetOptions we passed to loadSubset to ensure symmetric unload.\n   */\n  private loadedSubsets: Array<LoadSubsetOptions> = []\n\n  // Keep track of the keys we've sent (needed for join and orderBy optimizations)\n  private sentKeys = new Set<string | number>()\n\n  // Track the count of rows sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for offset-based pagination\n  private limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n\n  // Track the last key sent via requestLimitedSnapshot for cursor-based pagination\n  private lastSentKey: string | number | undefined\n\n  private filteredCallback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void\n\n  private orderByIndex: IndexInterface<string | number> | undefined\n\n  // Status tracking\n  private _status: SubscriptionStatus = `ready`\n  private pendingLoadSubsetPromises: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  // Cleanup function for truncate event listener\n  private truncateCleanup: (() => void) | undefined\n\n  // Truncate buffering state\n  // When a truncate occurs, we buffer changes until all loadSubset refetches complete\n  // This prevents a flash of missing content between deletes and new inserts\n  private isBufferingForTruncate = false\n  private truncateBuffer: Array<Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>> = []\n  private pendingTruncateRefetches: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()\n\n  public get status(): SubscriptionStatus {\n    return this._status\n  }\n\n  constructor(\n    private collection: CollectionImpl<any, any, any, any, any>,\n    private callback: (changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) => void,\n    private options: CollectionSubscriptionOptions,\n  ) {\n    super()\n    if (options.onUnsubscribe) {\n      this.on(`unsubscribed`, (event) => options.onUnsubscribe!(event))\n    }\n\n    // Auto-index for where expressions if enabled\n    if (options.whereExpression) {\n      ensureIndexForExpression(options.whereExpression, this.collection)\n    }\n\n    const callbackWithSentKeysTracking = (\n      changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>,\n    ) => {\n      callback(changes)\n      this.trackSentKeys(changes)\n    }\n\n    this.callback = callbackWithSentKeysTracking\n\n    // Create a filtered callback if where clause is provided\n    this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression\n      ? createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options)\n      : this.callback\n\n    // Listen for truncate events to re-request data after must-refetch\n    // When a truncate happens (e.g., from a 409 must-refetch), all collection data is cleared.\n    // We need to re-request all previously loaded subsets to repopulate the data.\n    this.truncateCleanup = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {\n      this.handleTruncate()\n    })\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.\n   * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.\n   *\n   * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate\n   * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.\n   */\n  private handleTruncate() {\n    // Copy the loaded subsets before clearing (we'll re-request them)\n    const subsetsToReload = [...this.loadedSubsets]\n\n    // Only buffer if there's an actual loadSubset handler that can do async work.\n    // Without a loadSubset handler, there's nothing to re-request and no reason to buffer.\n    // This prevents unnecessary buffering in eager sync mode or when loadSubset isn't implemented.\n    const hasLoadSubsetHandler = this.collection._sync.syncLoadSubsetFn !== null\n\n    // If there are no subsets to reload OR no loadSubset handler, just reset state\n    if (subsetsToReload.length === 0 || !hasLoadSubsetHandler) {\n      this.snapshotSent = false\n      this.loadedInitialState = false\n      this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n      this.lastSentKey = undefined\n      this.loadedSubsets = []\n      return\n    }\n\n    // Start buffering BEFORE we receive the delete events from the truncate commit\n    // This ensures we capture both the deletes and subsequent inserts\n    this.isBufferingForTruncate = true\n    this.truncateBuffer = []\n    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear()\n\n    // Reset snapshot/pagination tracking state\n    // Note: We don't need to populate sentKeys here because filterAndFlipChanges\n    // will skip the delete filter when isBufferingForTruncate is true\n    this.snapshotSent = false\n    this.loadedInitialState = false\n    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0\n    this.lastSentKey = undefined\n\n    // Clear the loadedSubsets array since we're re-requesting fresh\n    this.loadedSubsets = []\n\n    // Defer the loadSubset calls to a microtask so the truncate commit's delete events\n    // are buffered BEFORE the loadSubset calls potentially trigger nested commits.\n    // This ensures correct event ordering: deletes first, then inserts.\n    queueMicrotask(() => {\n      // Check if we were unsubscribed while waiting\n      if (!this.isBufferingForTruncate) {\n        return\n      }\n\n      // Re-request all previously loaded subsets and track their promises\n      for (const options of subsetsToReload) {\n        const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(options)\n\n        // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later\n        this.loadedSubsets.push(options)\n        this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n\n        // Track the promise for buffer flushing\n        if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {\n          this.pendingTruncateRefetches.add(syncResult)\n          syncResult\n            .catch(() => {\n              // Ignore errors - we still want to flush the buffer even if some requests fail\n            })\n            .finally(() => {\n              this.pendingTruncateRefetches.delete(syncResult)\n              this.checkTruncateRefetchComplete()\n            })\n        }\n      }\n\n      // If all loadSubset calls were synchronous (returned true), flush now\n      // At this point, delete events have already been buffered from the truncate commit\n      if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0) {\n        this.flushTruncateBuffer()\n      }\n    })\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so\n   */\n  private checkTruncateRefetchComplete() {\n    if (\n      this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0 &&\n      this.isBufferingForTruncate\n    ) {\n      this.flushTruncateBuffer()\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback\n   */\n  private flushTruncateBuffer() {\n    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false\n\n    // Flatten all buffered changes into a single array for atomic emission\n    // This ensures consumers see all truncate changes (deletes + inserts) in one callback\n    const merged = this.truncateBuffer.flat()\n    if (merged.length > 0) {\n      this.filteredCallback(merged)\n    }\n\n    this.truncateBuffer = []\n  }\n\n  setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>) {\n    this.orderByIndex = index\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Set subscription status and emit events if changed\n   */\n  private setStatus(newStatus: SubscriptionStatus) {\n    if (this._status === newStatus) {\n      return // No change\n    }\n\n    const previousStatus = this._status\n    this._status = newStatus\n\n    // Emit status:change event\n    this.emitInner(`status:change`, {\n      type: `status:change`,\n      subscription: 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}\n\n  hasSentAtLeastOneSnapshot() {\n    return this.snapshotSent\n  }\n\n  emitEvents(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {\n    const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes)\n\n    if (this.isBufferingForTruncate) {\n      // Buffer the changes instead of emitting immediately\n      // This prevents a flash of missing content during truncate/refetch\n      if (newChanges.length > 0) {\n        this.truncateBuffer.push(newChanges)\n      }\n    } else {\n      this.filteredCallback(newChanges)\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Sends the snapshot to the callback.\n   * Returns a boolean indicating if it succeeded.\n   * It can only fail if there is no index to fulfill the request\n   * and the optimizedOnly option is set to true,\n   * or, the entire state was already loaded.\n   */\n  requestSnapshot(opts?: RequestSnapshotOptions): boolean {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState) {\n      // Subscription was deoptimized so we already sent the entire initial state\n      return 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provided so sync layer can optimize the query\n      orderBy: opts?.orderBy,\n      limit: opts?.limit,\n    }\n    const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(loadOptions)\n\n    // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later\n    this.loadedSubsets.push(loadOptions)\n\n    const trackLoadSubsetPromise = opts?.trackLoadSubsetPromise ?? true\n    if (trackLoadSubsetPromise) {\n      this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)\n    }\n\n    // Also load data immediately from the collection\n    const snapshot = this.collection.currentStateAsChanges(stateOpts)\n\n    if (snapshot === undefined) {\n      // Couldn't load from indexes\n      return false\n    }\n\n    // Only send changes that have not been sent yet\n    const filteredSnapshot = snapshot.filter(\n      (change) => !this.sentKeys.has(change.key),\n    )\n\n    // Add keys to sentKeys BEFORE calling callback to prevent race condition.\n    // If a change event arrives while the callback is executing, it will 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duplicate values when the limit falls in the middle of some duplicated values.\n   * Note 2: it does not send keys that have already been sent before.\n   */\n  requestLimitedSnapshot({\n    orderBy,\n    limit,\n    minValues,\n    offset,\n  }: RequestLimitedSnapshotOptions) {\n    if (!limit) throw new Error(`limit is required`)\n\n    if (!this.orderByIndex) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Ordered snapshot was requested but no index was found. 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1]!.key\n    }\n\n    // Build cursor expressions for sync layer loadSubset\n    // The cursor expressions are separate from the main where clause\n    // so the sync layer can choose cursor-based or offset-based pagination\n    let cursorExpressions:\n      | {\n          whereFrom: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          whereCurrent: BasicExpression<boolean>\n          lastKey?: string | number\n        }\n      | undefined\n\n    if (minValues !== undefined && minValues.length > 0) {\n      const whereFromCursor = buildCursor(orderBy, minValues)\n\n      if (whereFromCursor) {\n        const { expression } = orderBy[0]!\n        const minValue = minValues[0]\n\n        // Build the whereCurrent expression for the first orderBy column\n        // For Date values, we need to handle precision differences between JS (ms) and backends (μs)\n        // A JS Date represents a 1ms range, so we query for all values within that range\n        let whereCurrentCursor: BasicExpression<boolean>\n        if (minValue instanceof Date) {\n          const minValuePlus1ms = new Date(minValue.getTime() + 1)\n          whereCurrentCursor = and(\n            gte(expression, new Value(minValue)),\n            lt(expression, new Value(minValuePlus1ms)),\n          )\n        } else {\n          whereCurrentCursor = eq(expression, new Value(minValue))\n        }\n\n        cursorExpressions = {\n          whereFrom: whereFromCursor,\n          whereCurrent: whereCurrentCursor,\n          lastKey: this.lastSentKey,\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Request the sync layer to load more data\n    // don't await it, we will load the data into the collection when it comes in\n    // Note: `where` does NOT include cursor expressions - 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If loadedInitialState was previously true, sentKeys will be empty\n    //    (trackSentKeys early-returns when loadedInitialState is true)\n    // 2. The truncate deletes are for keys that WERE sent to the subscriber\n    // 3. 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multiplicity from going above 1, which would\n          // cause deletes to not properly remove items (multiplicity would\n          // go from 2 to 1 instead of 1 to 0).\n          continue\n        } else if (change.type === `delete`) {\n          // Remove from sentKeys so future inserts for this key are allowed\n          // (e.g., after truncate + reinsert)\n          this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n        }\n      }\n      newChanges.push(newChange)\n    }\n    return newChanges\n  }\n\n  private trackSentKeys(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, string | number>>) {\n    if (this.loadedInitialState || this.skipFiltering) {\n      // No need to track sent keys if we loaded the entire state or filtering is skipped.\n      // Since filtering won't be applied, all keys are effectively \"observed\".\n      return\n    }\n\n    for (const change of changes) {\n      if (change.type === `delete`) {\n        // Remove deleted keys from sentKeys so future re-inserts are allowed\n        this.sentKeys.delete(change.key)\n      } else {\n        // For inserts and updates, track the key as sent\n        this.sentKeys.add(change.key)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Mark that the subscription should not filter any changes.\n   * This is used when includeInitialState is explicitly set to false,\n   * meaning the caller doesn't want initial state but does want ALL future changes.\n   */\n  markAllStateAsSeen() {\n    this.skipFiltering = true\n  }\n\n  unsubscribe() {\n    // Clean up truncate event listener\n    this.truncateCleanup?.()\n    this.truncateCleanup = undefined\n\n    // Clean up truncate buffer state\n    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false\n    this.truncateBuffer = []\n    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear()\n\n    // Unload all subsets that this subscription loaded\n    // We pass the exact same LoadSubsetOptions we used for loadSubset\n    for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {\n      this.collection._sync.unloadSubset(options)\n    }\n    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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@tanstack/db",
-  "version": "0.5.13",
+  "version": "0.5.14",
   "description": "A reactive client store for building super fast apps on sync",
   "author": "Kyle Mathews",
   "license": "MIT",

package/src/collection/subscription.ts

@@ -84,6 +84,16 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
   private _status: SubscriptionStatus = `ready`
   private pendingLoadSubsetPromises: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()
 
+  // Cleanup function for truncate event listener
+  private truncateCleanup: (() => void) | undefined
+
+  // Truncate buffering state
+  // When a truncate occurs, we buffer changes until all loadSubset refetches complete
+  // This prevents a flash of missing content between deletes and new inserts
+  private isBufferingForTruncate = false
+  private truncateBuffer: Array<Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>> = []
+  private pendingTruncateRefetches: Set<Promise<void>> = new Set()
+
   public get status(): SubscriptionStatus {
     return this._status
   }
@@ -116,6 +126,123 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
     this.filteredCallback = options.whereExpression
       ? createFilteredCallback(this.callback, options)
       : this.callback
+
+    // Listen for truncate events to re-request data after must-refetch
+    // When a truncate happens (e.g., from a 409 must-refetch), all collection data is cleared.
+    // We need to re-request all previously loaded subsets to repopulate the data.
+    this.truncateCleanup = this.collection.on(`truncate`, () => {
+      this.handleTruncate()
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handle collection truncate event by resetting state and re-requesting subsets.
+   * This is called when the sync layer receives a must-refetch and clears all data.
+   *
+   * To prevent a flash of missing content, we buffer all changes (deletes from truncate
+   * and inserts from refetch) until all loadSubset promises resolve, then emit them together.
+   */
+  private handleTruncate() {
+    // Copy the loaded subsets before clearing (we'll re-request them)
+    const subsetsToReload = [...this.loadedSubsets]
+
+    // Only buffer if there's an actual loadSubset handler that can do async work.
+    // Without a loadSubset handler, there's nothing to re-request and no reason to buffer.
+    // This prevents unnecessary buffering in eager sync mode or when loadSubset isn't implemented.
+    const hasLoadSubsetHandler = this.collection._sync.syncLoadSubsetFn !== null
+
+    // If there are no subsets to reload OR no loadSubset handler, just reset state
+    if (subsetsToReload.length === 0 || !hasLoadSubsetHandler) {
+      this.snapshotSent = false
+      this.loadedInitialState = false
+      this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0
+      this.lastSentKey = undefined
+      this.loadedSubsets = []
+      return
+    }
+
+    // Start buffering BEFORE we receive the delete events from the truncate commit
+    // This ensures we capture both the deletes and subsequent inserts
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = true
+    this.truncateBuffer = []
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear()
+
+    // Reset snapshot/pagination tracking state
+    // Note: We don't need to populate sentKeys here because filterAndFlipChanges
+    // will skip the delete filter when isBufferingForTruncate is true
+    this.snapshotSent = false
+    this.loadedInitialState = false
+    this.limitedSnapshotRowCount = 0
+    this.lastSentKey = undefined
+
+    // Clear the loadedSubsets array since we're re-requesting fresh
+    this.loadedSubsets = []
+
+    // Defer the loadSubset calls to a microtask so the truncate commit's delete events
+    // are buffered BEFORE the loadSubset calls potentially trigger nested commits.
+    // This ensures correct event ordering: deletes first, then inserts.
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      // Check if we were unsubscribed while waiting
+      if (!this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      // Re-request all previously loaded subsets and track their promises
+      for (const options of subsetsToReload) {
+        const syncResult = this.collection._sync.loadSubset(options)
+
+        // Track this loadSubset call so we can unload it later
+        this.loadedSubsets.push(options)
+        this.trackLoadSubsetPromise(syncResult)
+
+        // Track the promise for buffer flushing
+        if (syncResult instanceof Promise) {
+          this.pendingTruncateRefetches.add(syncResult)
+          syncResult
+            .catch(() => {
+              // Ignore errors - we still want to flush the buffer even if some requests fail
+            })
+            .finally(() => {
+              this.pendingTruncateRefetches.delete(syncResult)
+              this.checkTruncateRefetchComplete()
+            })
+        }
+      }
+
+      // If all loadSubset calls were synchronous (returned true), flush now
+      // At this point, delete events have already been buffered from the truncate commit
+      if (this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0) {
+        this.flushTruncateBuffer()
+      }
+    })
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if all truncate refetch promises have completed and flush buffer if so
+   */
+  private checkTruncateRefetchComplete() {
+    if (
+      this.pendingTruncateRefetches.size === 0 &&
+      this.isBufferingForTruncate
+    ) {
+      this.flushTruncateBuffer()
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Flush the truncate buffer, emitting all buffered changes to the callback
+   */
+  private flushTruncateBuffer() {
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false
+
+    // Flatten all buffered changes into a single array for atomic emission
+    // This ensures consumers see all truncate changes (deletes + inserts) in one callback
+    const merged = this.truncateBuffer.flat()
+    if (merged.length > 0) {
+      this.filteredCallback(merged)
+    }
+
+    this.truncateBuffer = []
   }
 
   setOrderByIndex(index: IndexInterface<any>) {
@@ -179,7 +306,16 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
 
   emitEvents(changes: Array<ChangeMessage<any, any>>) {
     const newChanges = this.filterAndFlipChanges(changes)
-    this.filteredCallback(newChanges)
+
+    if (this.isBufferingForTruncate) {
+      // Buffer the changes instead of emitting immediately
+      // This prevents a flash of missing content during truncate/refetch
+      if (newChanges.length > 0) {
+        this.truncateBuffer.push(newChanges)
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.filteredCallback(newChanges)
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -469,6 +605,14 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
       return changes
     }
 
+    // When buffering for truncate, we need all changes (including deletes) to pass through.
+    // This is important because:
+    // 1. If loadedInitialState was previously true, sentKeys will be empty
+    //    (trackSentKeys early-returns when loadedInitialState is true)
+    // 2. The truncate deletes are for keys that WERE sent to the subscriber
+    // 3. We're collecting all changes atomically, so filtering doesn't make sense
+    const skipDeleteFilter = this.isBufferingForTruncate
+
     const newChanges = []
     for (const change of changes) {
       let newChange = change
@@ -478,8 +622,11 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
         if (change.type === `update`) {
           newChange = { ...change, type: `insert`, previousValue: undefined }
         } else if (change.type === `delete`) {
-          // filter out deletes for keys that have not been sent
-          continue
+          // Filter out deletes for keys that have not been sent,
+          // UNLESS we're buffering for truncate (where all deletes should pass through)
+          if (!skipDeleteFilter) {
+            continue
+          }
         }
         this.sentKeys.add(change.key)
       } else {
@@ -529,6 +676,15 @@ export class CollectionSubscription
   }
 
   unsubscribe() {
+    // Clean up truncate event listener
+    this.truncateCleanup?.()
+    this.truncateCleanup = undefined
+
+    // Clean up truncate buffer state
+    this.isBufferingForTruncate = false
+    this.truncateBuffer = []
+    this.pendingTruncateRefetches.clear()
+
     // Unload all subsets that this subscription loaded
     // We pass the exact same LoadSubsetOptions we used for loadSubset
     for (const options of this.loadedSubsets) {