@tanstack/db 0.4.2 → 0.4.4

package/dist/esm/query/optimizer.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"optimizer.js","sources":["../../../src/query/optimizer.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * # Query Optimizer\n *\n * The query optimizer improves query performance by implementing predicate pushdown optimization.\n * It rewrites the intermediate representation (IR) to push WHERE clauses as close to the data\n * source as possible, reducing the amount of data processed during joins.\n *\n * ## How It Works\n *\n * The optimizer follows a 4-step process:\n *\n * ### 1. AND Clause Splitting\n * Splits AND clauses at the root level into separate WHERE clauses for granular optimization.\n * ```javascript\n * // Before: WHERE and(eq(users.department_id, 1), gt(users.age, 25))\n * // After:  WHERE eq(users.department_id, 1) + WHERE gt(users.age, 25)\n * ```\n *\n * ### 2. Source Analysis\n * Analyzes each WHERE clause to determine which table sources it references:\n * - Single-source clauses: Touch only one table (e.g., `users.department_id = 1`)\n * - Multi-source clauses: Touch multiple tables (e.g., `users.id = posts.user_id`)\n *\n * ### 3. Clause Grouping\n * Groups WHERE clauses by the sources they touch:\n * - Single-source clauses are grouped by their respective table\n * - Multi-source clauses are combined for the main query\n *\n * ### 4. Subquery Creation\n * Lifts single-source WHERE clauses into subqueries that wrap the original table references.\n *\n * ## Safety & Edge Cases\n *\n * The optimizer includes targeted safety checks to prevent predicate pushdown when it could\n * break query semantics:\n *\n * ### Always Safe Operations\n * - **Creating new subqueries**: Wrapping collection references in subqueries with WHERE clauses\n * - **Main query optimizations**: Moving single-source WHERE clauses from main query to subqueries\n * - **Queries with aggregates/ORDER BY/HAVING**: Can still create new filtered subqueries\n *\n * ### Unsafe Operations (blocked by safety checks)\n * Pushing WHERE clauses **into existing subqueries** that have:\n * - **Aggregates**: GROUP BY, HAVING, or aggregate functions in SELECT (would change aggregation)\n * - **Ordering + Limits**: ORDER BY combined with LIMIT/OFFSET (would change result set)\n * - **Functional Operations**: fnSelect, fnWhere, fnHaving (potential side effects)\n *\n * ### Residual WHERE Clauses\n * For outer joins (LEFT, RIGHT, FULL), WHERE clauses are copied to subqueries for optimization\n * but also kept as \"residual\" clauses in the main query to preserve semantics. This ensures\n * that NULL values from outer joins are properly filtered according to SQL standards.\n *\n * The optimizer tracks which clauses were actually optimized and only removes those from the\n * main query. Subquery reuse is handled safely through immutable query copies.\n *\n * ## Example Optimizations\n *\n * ### Basic Query with Joins\n * **Original Query:**\n * ```javascript\n * query\n *   .from({ users: usersCollection })\n *   .join({ posts: postsCollection }, ({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.user_id))\n *   .where(({users}) => eq(users.department_id, 1))\n *   .where(({posts}) => gt(posts.views, 100))\n *   .where(({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.author_id))\n * ```\n *\n * **Optimized Query:**\n * ```javascript\n * query\n *   .from({\n *     users: subquery\n *       .from({ users: usersCollection })\n *       .where(({users}) => eq(users.department_id, 1))\n *   })\n *   .join({\n *     posts: subquery\n *       .from({ posts: postsCollection })\n *       .where(({posts}) => gt(posts.views, 100))\n *   }, ({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.user_id))\n *   .where(({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.author_id))\n * ```\n *\n * ### Query with Aggregates (Now Optimizable!)\n * **Original Query:**\n * ```javascript\n * query\n *   .from({ users: usersCollection })\n *   .join({ posts: postsCollection }, ({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.user_id))\n *   .where(({users}) => eq(users.department_id, 1))\n *   .groupBy(['users.department_id'])\n *   .select({ count: agg('count', '*') })\n * ```\n *\n * **Optimized Query:**\n * ```javascript\n * query\n *   .from({\n *     users: subquery\n *       .from({ users: usersCollection })\n *       .where(({users}) => eq(users.department_id, 1))\n *   })\n *   .join({ posts: postsCollection }, ({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.user_id))\n *   .groupBy(['users.department_id'])\n *   .select({ count: agg('count', '*') })\n * ```\n *\n * ## Benefits\n *\n * - **Reduced Data Processing**: Filters applied before joins reduce intermediate result size\n * - **Better Performance**: Smaller datasets lead to faster query execution\n * - **Automatic Optimization**: No manual query rewriting required\n * - **Preserves Semantics**: Optimized queries return identical results\n * - **Safe by Design**: Comprehensive checks prevent semantic-breaking optimizations\n *\n * ## Integration\n *\n * The optimizer is automatically called during query compilation before the IR is\n * transformed into a D2Mini pipeline.\n */\n\nimport { deepEquals } from \"../utils.js\"\nimport { CannotCombineEmptyExpressionListError } from \"../errors.js\"\nimport {\n  CollectionRef as CollectionRefClass,\n  Func,\n  PropRef,\n  QueryRef as QueryRefClass,\n  createResidualWhere,\n  getWhereExpression,\n  isResidualWhere,\n} from \"./ir.js\"\nimport { isConvertibleToCollectionFilter } from \"./compiler/expressions.js\"\nimport type { BasicExpression, From, QueryIR, Select, Where } from \"./ir.js\"\n\n/**\n * Represents a WHERE clause after source analysis\n */\nexport interface AnalyzedWhereClause {\n  /** The WHERE expression */\n  expression: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  /** Set of table/source aliases that this WHERE clause touches */\n  touchedSources: Set<string>\n  /** Whether this clause contains namespace-only references that prevent pushdown */\n  hasNamespaceOnlyRef: boolean\n}\n\n/**\n * Represents WHERE clauses grouped by the sources they touch\n */\nexport interface GroupedWhereClauses {\n  /** WHERE clauses that touch only a single source, grouped by source alias */\n  singleSource: Map<string, BasicExpression<boolean>>\n  /** WHERE clauses that touch multiple sources, combined into one expression */\n  multiSource?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n}\n\n/**\n * Result of query optimization including both the optimized query and collection-specific WHERE clauses\n */\nexport interface OptimizationResult {\n  /** The optimized query with WHERE clauses potentially moved to subqueries */\n  optimizedQuery: QueryIR\n  /** Map of collection aliases to their extracted WHERE clauses for index optimization */\n  collectionWhereClauses: Map<string, BasicExpression<boolean>>\n}\n\n/**\n * Main query optimizer entry point that lifts WHERE clauses into subqueries.\n *\n * This function implements multi-level predicate pushdown optimization by recursively\n * moving WHERE clauses through nested subqueries to get them as close to the data\n * sources as possible, then removing redundant subqueries.\n *\n * @param query - The QueryIR to optimize\n * @returns An OptimizationResult with the optimized query and collection WHERE clause mapping\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * const originalQuery = {\n *   from: new CollectionRef(users, 'u'),\n *   join: [{ from: new CollectionRef(posts, 'p'), ... }],\n *   where: [eq(u.dept_id, 1), gt(p.views, 100)]\n * }\n *\n * const { optimizedQuery, collectionWhereClauses } = optimizeQuery(originalQuery)\n * // Result: Single-source clauses moved to deepest possible subqueries\n * // collectionWhereClauses: Map { 'u' => eq(u.dept_id, 1), 'p' => gt(p.views, 100) }\n * ```\n */\nexport function optimizeQuery(query: QueryIR): OptimizationResult {\n  // First, extract collection WHERE clauses before optimization\n  const collectionWhereClauses = extractCollectionWhereClauses(query)\n\n  // Apply multi-level predicate pushdown with iterative convergence\n  let optimized = query\n  let previousOptimized: QueryIR | undefined\n  let iterations = 0\n  const maxIterations = 10 // Prevent infinite loops\n\n  // Keep optimizing until no more changes occur or max iterations reached\n  while (\n    iterations < maxIterations &&\n    !deepEquals(optimized, previousOptimized)\n  ) {\n    previousOptimized = optimized\n    optimized = applyRecursiveOptimization(optimized)\n    iterations++\n  }\n\n  // Remove redundant subqueries\n  const cleaned = removeRedundantSubqueries(optimized)\n\n  return {\n    optimizedQuery: cleaned,\n    collectionWhereClauses,\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Extracts collection-specific WHERE clauses from a query for index optimization.\n * This analyzes the original query to identify WHERE clauses that can be pushed down\n * to specific collections, but only for simple queries without joins.\n *\n * @param query - The original QueryIR to analyze\n * @returns Map of collection aliases to their WHERE clauses\n */\nfunction extractCollectionWhereClauses(\n  query: QueryIR\n): Map<string, BasicExpression<boolean>> {\n  const collectionWhereClauses = new Map<string, BasicExpression<boolean>>()\n\n  // Only analyze queries that have WHERE clauses\n  if (!query.where || query.where.length === 0) {\n    return collectionWhereClauses\n  }\n\n  // Split all AND clauses at the root level for granular analysis\n  const splitWhereClauses = splitAndClauses(query.where)\n\n  // Analyze each WHERE clause to determine which sources it touches\n  const analyzedClauses = splitWhereClauses.map((clause) =>\n    analyzeWhereClause(clause)\n  )\n\n  // Group clauses by single-source vs multi-source\n  const groupedClauses = groupWhereClauses(analyzedClauses)\n\n  // Only include single-source clauses that reference collections directly\n  // and can be converted to BasicExpression format for collection indexes\n  for (const [sourceAlias, whereClause] of groupedClauses.singleSource) {\n    // Check if this source alias corresponds to a collection reference\n    if (isCollectionReference(query, sourceAlias)) {\n      // Check if the WHERE clause can be converted to collection-compatible format\n      if (isConvertibleToCollectionFilter(whereClause)) {\n        collectionWhereClauses.set(sourceAlias, whereClause)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return collectionWhereClauses\n}\n\n/**\n * Determines if a source alias refers to a collection reference (not a subquery).\n * This is used to identify WHERE clauses that can be pushed down to collection subscriptions.\n *\n * @param query - The query to analyze\n * @param sourceAlias - The source alias to check\n * @returns True if the alias refers to a collection reference\n */\nfunction isCollectionReference(query: QueryIR, sourceAlias: string): boolean {\n  // Check the FROM clause\n  if (query.from.alias === sourceAlias) {\n    return query.from.type === `collectionRef`\n  }\n\n  // Check JOIN clauses\n  if (query.join) {\n    for (const joinClause of query.join) {\n      if (joinClause.from.alias === sourceAlias) {\n        return joinClause.from.type === `collectionRef`\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false\n}\n\n/**\n * Applies recursive predicate pushdown optimization.\n *\n * @param query - The QueryIR to optimize\n * @returns A new QueryIR with optimizations applied\n */\nfunction applyRecursiveOptimization(query: QueryIR): QueryIR {\n  // First, recursively optimize any existing subqueries\n  const subqueriesOptimized = {\n    ...query,\n    from:\n      query.from.type === `queryRef`\n        ? new QueryRefClass(\n            applyRecursiveOptimization(query.from.query),\n            query.from.alias\n          )\n        : query.from,\n    join: query.join?.map((joinClause) => ({\n      ...joinClause,\n      from:\n        joinClause.from.type === `queryRef`\n          ? new QueryRefClass(\n              applyRecursiveOptimization(joinClause.from.query),\n              joinClause.from.alias\n            )\n          : joinClause.from,\n    })),\n  }\n\n  // Then apply single-level optimization to this query\n  return applySingleLevelOptimization(subqueriesOptimized)\n}\n\n/**\n * Applies single-level predicate pushdown optimization (existing logic)\n */\nfunction applySingleLevelOptimization(query: QueryIR): QueryIR {\n  // Skip optimization if no WHERE clauses exist\n  if (!query.where || query.where.length === 0) {\n    return query\n  }\n\n  // Skip optimization if there are no joins - predicate pushdown only benefits joins\n  // Single-table queries don't benefit from this optimization\n  if (!query.join || query.join.length === 0) {\n    return query\n  }\n\n  // Filter out residual WHERE clauses to prevent them from being optimized again\n  const nonResidualWhereClauses = query.where.filter(\n    (where) => !isResidualWhere(where)\n  )\n\n  // Step 1: Split all AND clauses at the root level for granular optimization\n  const splitWhereClauses = splitAndClauses(nonResidualWhereClauses)\n\n  // Step 2: Analyze each WHERE clause to determine which sources it touches\n  const analyzedClauses = splitWhereClauses.map((clause) =>\n    analyzeWhereClause(clause)\n  )\n\n  // Step 3: Group clauses by single-source vs multi-source\n  const groupedClauses = groupWhereClauses(analyzedClauses)\n\n  // Step 4: Apply optimizations by lifting single-source clauses into subqueries\n  const optimizedQuery = applyOptimizations(query, groupedClauses)\n\n  // Add back any residual WHERE clauses that were filtered out\n  const residualWhereClauses = query.where.filter((where) =>\n    isResidualWhere(where)\n  )\n  if (residualWhereClauses.length > 0) {\n    optimizedQuery.where = [\n      ...(optimizedQuery.where || []),\n      ...residualWhereClauses,\n    ]\n  }\n\n  return optimizedQuery\n}\n\n/**\n * Removes redundant subqueries that don't add value.\n * A subquery is redundant if it only wraps another query without adding\n * WHERE, SELECT, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY, or LIMIT/OFFSET clauses.\n *\n * @param query - The QueryIR to process\n * @returns A new QueryIR with redundant subqueries removed\n */\nfunction removeRedundantSubqueries(query: QueryIR): QueryIR {\n  return {\n    ...query,\n    from: removeRedundantFromClause(query.from),\n    join: query.join?.map((joinClause) => ({\n      ...joinClause,\n      from: removeRedundantFromClause(joinClause.from),\n    })),\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Removes redundant subqueries from a FROM clause.\n *\n * @param from - The FROM clause to process\n * @returns A FROM clause with redundant subqueries removed\n */\nfunction removeRedundantFromClause(from: From): From {\n  if (from.type === `collectionRef`) {\n    return from\n  }\n\n  const processedQuery = removeRedundantSubqueries(from.query)\n\n  // Check if this subquery is redundant\n  if (isRedundantSubquery(processedQuery)) {\n    // Return the inner query's FROM clause with this alias\n    const innerFrom = removeRedundantFromClause(processedQuery.from)\n    if (innerFrom.type === `collectionRef`) {\n      return new CollectionRefClass(innerFrom.collection, from.alias)\n    } else {\n      return new QueryRefClass(innerFrom.query, from.alias)\n    }\n  }\n\n  return new QueryRefClass(processedQuery, from.alias)\n}\n\n/**\n * Determines if a subquery is redundant (adds no value).\n *\n * @param query - The query to check\n * @returns True if the query is redundant and can be removed\n */\nfunction isRedundantSubquery(query: QueryIR): boolean {\n  return (\n    (!query.where || query.where.length === 0) &&\n    !query.select &&\n    (!query.groupBy || query.groupBy.length === 0) &&\n    (!query.having || query.having.length === 0) &&\n    (!query.orderBy || query.orderBy.length === 0) &&\n    (!query.join || query.join.length === 0) &&\n    query.limit === undefined &&\n    query.offset === undefined &&\n    !query.fnSelect &&\n    (!query.fnWhere || query.fnWhere.length === 0) &&\n    (!query.fnHaving || query.fnHaving.length === 0)\n  )\n}\n\n/**\n * Step 1: Split all AND clauses recursively into separate WHERE clauses.\n *\n * This enables more granular optimization by treating each condition independently.\n * OR clauses are preserved as they cannot be split without changing query semantics.\n *\n * @param whereClauses - Array of WHERE expressions to split\n * @returns Flattened array with AND clauses split into separate expressions\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * // Input: [and(eq(a, 1), gt(b, 2)), eq(c, 3)]\n * // Output: [eq(a, 1), gt(b, 2), eq(c, 3)]\n * ```\n */\nfunction splitAndClauses(\n  whereClauses: Array<Where>\n): Array<BasicExpression<boolean>> {\n  const result: Array<BasicExpression<boolean>> = []\n\n  for (const whereClause of whereClauses) {\n    const clause = getWhereExpression(whereClause)\n    result.push(...splitAndClausesRecursive(clause))\n  }\n\n  return result\n}\n\n// Helper function for recursive splitting of BasicExpression arrays\nfunction splitAndClausesRecursive(\n  clause: BasicExpression<boolean>\n): Array<BasicExpression<boolean>> {\n  if (clause.type === `func` && clause.name === `and`) {\n    // Recursively split nested AND clauses to handle complex expressions\n    const result: Array<BasicExpression<boolean>> = []\n    for (const arg of clause.args as Array<BasicExpression<boolean>>) {\n      result.push(...splitAndClausesRecursive(arg))\n    }\n    return result\n  } else {\n    // Preserve non-AND clauses as-is (including OR clauses)\n    return [clause]\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Step 2: Analyze which table sources a WHERE clause touches.\n *\n * This determines whether a clause can be pushed down to a specific table\n * or must remain in the main query (for multi-source clauses like join conditions).\n *\n * Special handling for namespace-only references in outer joins:\n * WHERE clauses that reference only a table namespace (e.g., isUndefined(special), eq(special, value))\n * rather than specific properties (e.g., isUndefined(special.id), eq(special.id, value)) are treated as\n * multi-source to prevent incorrect predicate pushdown that would change join semantics.\n *\n * @param clause - The WHERE expression to analyze\n * @returns Analysis result with the expression and touched source aliases\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * // eq(users.department_id, 1) -> touches ['users'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: false\n * // eq(users.id, posts.user_id) -> touches ['users', 'posts'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: false\n * // isUndefined(special) -> touches ['special'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: true (prevents pushdown)\n * // eq(special, someValue) -> touches ['special'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: true (prevents pushdown)\n * // isUndefined(special.id) -> touches ['special'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: false (allows pushdown)\n * // eq(special.id, 5) -> touches ['special'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: false (allows pushdown)\n * ```\n */\nfunction analyzeWhereClause(\n  clause: BasicExpression<boolean>\n): AnalyzedWhereClause {\n  // Track which table aliases this WHERE clause touches\n  const touchedSources = new Set<string>()\n  // Track whether this clause contains namespace-only references that prevent pushdown\n  let hasNamespaceOnlyRef = false\n\n  /**\n   * Recursively collect all table aliases referenced in an expression\n   */\n  function collectSources(expr: BasicExpression | any): void {\n    switch (expr.type) {\n      case `ref`:\n        // PropRef path has the table alias as the first element\n        if (expr.path && expr.path.length > 0) {\n          const firstElement = expr.path[0]\n          if (firstElement) {\n            touchedSources.add(firstElement)\n\n            // If the path has only one element (just the namespace),\n            // this is a namespace-only reference that should not be pushed down\n            // This applies to ANY function, not just existence-checking functions\n            if (expr.path.length === 1) {\n              hasNamespaceOnlyRef = true\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        break\n      case `func`:\n        // Recursively analyze function arguments (e.g., eq, gt, and, or)\n        if (expr.args) {\n          expr.args.forEach(collectSources)\n        }\n        break\n      case `val`:\n        // Values don't reference any sources\n        break\n      case `agg`:\n        // Aggregates can reference sources in their arguments\n        if (expr.args) {\n          expr.args.forEach(collectSources)\n        }\n        break\n    }\n  }\n\n  collectSources(clause)\n\n  return {\n    expression: clause,\n    touchedSources,\n    hasNamespaceOnlyRef,\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Step 3: Group WHERE clauses by the sources they touch.\n *\n * Single-source clauses can be pushed down to subqueries for optimization.\n * Multi-source clauses must remain in the main query to preserve join semantics.\n *\n * @param analyzedClauses - Array of analyzed WHERE clauses\n * @returns Grouped clauses ready for optimization\n */\nfunction groupWhereClauses(\n  analyzedClauses: Array<AnalyzedWhereClause>\n): GroupedWhereClauses {\n  const singleSource = new Map<string, Array<BasicExpression<boolean>>>()\n  const multiSource: Array<BasicExpression<boolean>> = []\n\n  // Categorize each clause based on how many sources it touches\n  for (const clause of analyzedClauses) {\n    if (clause.touchedSources.size === 1 && !clause.hasNamespaceOnlyRef) {\n      // Single source clause without namespace-only references - can be optimized\n      const source = Array.from(clause.touchedSources)[0]!\n      if (!singleSource.has(source)) {\n        singleSource.set(source, [])\n      }\n      singleSource.get(source)!.push(clause.expression)\n    } else if (clause.touchedSources.size > 1 || clause.hasNamespaceOnlyRef) {\n      // Multi-source clause or namespace-only reference - must stay in main query\n      multiSource.push(clause.expression)\n    }\n    // Skip clauses that touch no sources (constants) - they don't need optimization\n  }\n\n  // Combine multiple clauses for each source with AND\n  const combinedSingleSource = new Map<string, BasicExpression<boolean>>()\n  for (const [source, clauses] of singleSource) {\n    combinedSingleSource.set(source, combineWithAnd(clauses))\n  }\n\n  // Combine multi-source clauses with AND\n  const combinedMultiSource =\n    multiSource.length > 0 ? combineWithAnd(multiSource) : undefined\n\n  return {\n    singleSource: combinedSingleSource,\n    multiSource: combinedMultiSource,\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Step 4: Apply optimizations by lifting single-source clauses into subqueries.\n *\n * Creates a new QueryIR with single-source WHERE clauses moved to subqueries\n * that wrap the original table references. This ensures immutability and prevents\n * infinite recursion issues.\n *\n * @param query - Original QueryIR to optimize\n * @param groupedClauses - WHERE clauses grouped by optimization strategy\n * @returns New QueryIR with optimizations applied\n */\nfunction applyOptimizations(\n  query: QueryIR,\n  groupedClauses: GroupedWhereClauses\n): QueryIR {\n  // Track which single-source clauses were actually optimized\n  const actuallyOptimized = new Set<string>()\n\n  // Optimize the main FROM clause and track what was optimized\n  const optimizedFrom = optimizeFromWithTracking(\n    query.from,\n    groupedClauses.singleSource,\n    actuallyOptimized\n  )\n\n  // Optimize JOIN clauses and track what was optimized\n  const optimizedJoins = query.join\n    ? query.join.map((joinClause) => ({\n        ...joinClause,\n        from: optimizeFromWithTracking(\n          joinClause.from,\n          groupedClauses.singleSource,\n          actuallyOptimized\n        ),\n      }))\n    : undefined\n\n  // Build the remaining WHERE clauses: multi-source + residual single-source clauses\n  const remainingWhereClauses: Array<Where> = []\n\n  // Add multi-source clauses\n  if (groupedClauses.multiSource) {\n    remainingWhereClauses.push(groupedClauses.multiSource)\n  }\n\n  // Determine if we need residual clauses (when query has outer JOINs)\n  const hasOuterJoins =\n    query.join &&\n    query.join.some(\n      (join) =>\n        join.type === `left` || join.type === `right` || join.type === `full`\n    )\n\n  // Add single-source clauses\n  for (const [source, clause] of groupedClauses.singleSource) {\n    if (!actuallyOptimized.has(source)) {\n      // Wasn't optimized at all - keep as regular WHERE clause\n      remainingWhereClauses.push(clause)\n    } else if (hasOuterJoins) {\n      // Was optimized AND query has outer JOINs - keep as residual WHERE clause\n      remainingWhereClauses.push(createResidualWhere(clause))\n    }\n    // If optimized and no outer JOINs - don't keep (original behavior)\n  }\n\n  // Create a completely new query object to ensure immutability\n  const optimizedQuery: QueryIR = {\n    // Copy all non-optimized fields as-is\n    select: query.select,\n    groupBy: query.groupBy ? [...query.groupBy] : undefined,\n    having: query.having ? [...query.having] : undefined,\n    orderBy: query.orderBy ? [...query.orderBy] : undefined,\n    limit: query.limit,\n    offset: query.offset,\n    distinct: query.distinct,\n    fnSelect: query.fnSelect,\n    fnWhere: query.fnWhere ? [...query.fnWhere] : undefined,\n    fnHaving: query.fnHaving ? [...query.fnHaving] : undefined,\n\n    // Use the optimized FROM and JOIN clauses\n    from: optimizedFrom,\n    join: optimizedJoins,\n\n    // Only include WHERE clauses that weren't successfully optimized\n    where: remainingWhereClauses.length > 0 ? remainingWhereClauses : [],\n  }\n\n  return optimizedQuery\n}\n\n/**\n * Helper function to create a deep copy of a QueryIR object for immutability.\n *\n * This ensures that all optimizations create new objects rather than modifying\n * existing ones, preventing infinite recursion and shared reference issues.\n *\n * @param query - QueryIR to deep copy\n * @returns New QueryIR object with all nested objects copied\n */\nfunction deepCopyQuery(query: QueryIR): QueryIR {\n  return {\n    // Recursively copy the FROM clause\n    from:\n      query.from.type === `collectionRef`\n        ? new CollectionRefClass(query.from.collection, query.from.alias)\n        : new QueryRefClass(deepCopyQuery(query.from.query), query.from.alias),\n\n    // Copy all other fields, creating new arrays where necessary\n    select: query.select,\n    join: query.join\n      ? query.join.map((joinClause) => ({\n          type: joinClause.type,\n          left: joinClause.left,\n          right: joinClause.right,\n          from:\n            joinClause.from.type === `collectionRef`\n              ? new CollectionRefClass(\n                  joinClause.from.collection,\n                  joinClause.from.alias\n                )\n              : new QueryRefClass(\n                  deepCopyQuery(joinClause.from.query),\n                  joinClause.from.alias\n                ),\n        }))\n      : undefined,\n    where: query.where ? [...query.where] : undefined,\n    groupBy: query.groupBy ? [...query.groupBy] : undefined,\n    having: query.having ? [...query.having] : undefined,\n    orderBy: query.orderBy ? [...query.orderBy] : undefined,\n    limit: query.limit,\n    offset: query.offset,\n    fnSelect: query.fnSelect,\n    fnWhere: query.fnWhere ? [...query.fnWhere] : undefined,\n    fnHaving: query.fnHaving ? 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+{"version":3,"file":"optimizer.js","sources":["../../../src/query/optimizer.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * # Query Optimizer\n *\n * The query optimizer improves query performance by implementing predicate pushdown optimization.\n * It rewrites the intermediate representation (IR) to push WHERE clauses as close to the data\n * source as possible, reducing the amount of data processed during joins.\n *\n * ## How It Works\n *\n * The optimizer follows a 4-step process:\n *\n * ### 1. AND Clause Splitting\n * Splits AND clauses at the root level into separate WHERE clauses for granular optimization.\n * ```javascript\n * // Before: WHERE and(eq(users.department_id, 1), gt(users.age, 25))\n * // After:  WHERE eq(users.department_id, 1) + WHERE gt(users.age, 25)\n * ```\n *\n * ### 2. Source Analysis\n * Analyzes each WHERE clause to determine which table sources it references:\n * - Single-source clauses: Touch only one table (e.g., `users.department_id = 1`)\n * - Multi-source clauses: Touch multiple tables (e.g., `users.id = posts.user_id`)\n *\n * ### 3. Clause Grouping\n * Groups WHERE clauses by the sources they touch:\n * - Single-source clauses are grouped by their respective table\n * - Multi-source clauses are combined for the main query\n *\n * ### 4. Subquery Creation\n * Lifts single-source WHERE clauses into subqueries that wrap the original table references.\n *\n * ## Safety & Edge Cases\n *\n * The optimizer includes targeted safety checks to prevent predicate pushdown when it could\n * break query semantics:\n *\n * ### Always Safe Operations\n * - **Creating new subqueries**: Wrapping collection references in subqueries with WHERE clauses\n * - **Main query optimizations**: Moving single-source WHERE clauses from main query to subqueries\n * - **Queries with aggregates/ORDER BY/HAVING**: Can still create new filtered subqueries\n *\n * ### Unsafe Operations (blocked by safety checks)\n * Pushing WHERE clauses **into existing subqueries** that have:\n * - **Aggregates**: GROUP BY, HAVING, or aggregate functions in SELECT (would change aggregation)\n * - **Ordering + Limits**: ORDER BY combined with LIMIT/OFFSET (would change result set)\n * - **Functional Operations**: fnSelect, fnWhere, fnHaving (potential side effects)\n *\n * ### Residual WHERE Clauses\n * For outer joins (LEFT, RIGHT, FULL), WHERE clauses are copied to subqueries for optimization\n * but also kept as \"residual\" clauses in the main query to preserve semantics. This ensures\n * that NULL values from outer joins are properly filtered according to SQL standards.\n *\n * The optimizer tracks which clauses were actually optimized and only removes those from the\n * main query. Subquery reuse is handled safely through immutable query copies.\n *\n * ## Example Optimizations\n *\n * ### Basic Query with Joins\n * **Original Query:**\n * ```javascript\n * query\n *   .from({ users: usersCollection })\n *   .join({ posts: postsCollection }, ({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.user_id))\n *   .where(({users}) => eq(users.department_id, 1))\n *   .where(({posts}) => gt(posts.views, 100))\n *   .where(({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.author_id))\n * ```\n *\n * **Optimized Query:**\n * ```javascript\n * query\n *   .from({\n *     users: subquery\n *       .from({ users: usersCollection })\n *       .where(({users}) => eq(users.department_id, 1))\n *   })\n *   .join({\n *     posts: subquery\n *       .from({ posts: postsCollection })\n *       .where(({posts}) => gt(posts.views, 100))\n *   }, ({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.user_id))\n *   .where(({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.author_id))\n * ```\n *\n * ### Query with Aggregates (Now Optimizable!)\n * **Original Query:**\n * ```javascript\n * query\n *   .from({ users: usersCollection })\n *   .join({ posts: postsCollection }, ({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.user_id))\n *   .where(({users}) => eq(users.department_id, 1))\n *   .groupBy(['users.department_id'])\n *   .select({ count: agg('count', '*') })\n * ```\n *\n * **Optimized Query:**\n * ```javascript\n * query\n *   .from({\n *     users: subquery\n *       .from({ users: usersCollection })\n *       .where(({users}) => eq(users.department_id, 1))\n *   })\n *   .join({ posts: postsCollection }, ({users, posts}) => eq(users.id, posts.user_id))\n *   .groupBy(['users.department_id'])\n *   .select({ count: agg('count', '*') })\n * ```\n *\n * ## Benefits\n *\n * - **Reduced Data Processing**: Filters applied before joins reduce intermediate result size\n * - **Better Performance**: Smaller datasets lead to faster query execution\n * - **Automatic Optimization**: No manual query rewriting required\n * - **Preserves Semantics**: Optimized queries return identical results\n * - **Safe by Design**: Comprehensive checks prevent semantic-breaking optimizations\n *\n * ## Integration\n *\n * The optimizer is automatically called during query compilation before the IR is\n * transformed into a D2Mini pipeline.\n */\n\nimport { deepEquals } from \"../utils.js\"\nimport { CannotCombineEmptyExpressionListError } from \"../errors.js\"\nimport {\n  CollectionRef as CollectionRefClass,\n  Func,\n  PropRef,\n  QueryRef as QueryRefClass,\n  createResidualWhere,\n  getWhereExpression,\n  isResidualWhere,\n} from \"./ir.js\"\nimport { isConvertibleToCollectionFilter } from \"./compiler/expressions.js\"\nimport type { BasicExpression, From, QueryIR, Select, Where } from \"./ir.js\"\n\n/**\n * Represents a WHERE clause after source analysis\n */\nexport interface AnalyzedWhereClause {\n  /** The WHERE expression */\n  expression: BasicExpression<boolean>\n  /** Set of table/source aliases that this WHERE clause touches */\n  touchedSources: Set<string>\n  /** Whether this clause contains namespace-only references that prevent pushdown */\n  hasNamespaceOnlyRef: boolean\n}\n\n/**\n * Represents WHERE clauses grouped by the sources they touch\n */\nexport interface GroupedWhereClauses {\n  /** WHERE clauses that touch only a single source, grouped by source alias */\n  singleSource: Map<string, BasicExpression<boolean>>\n  /** WHERE clauses that touch multiple sources, combined into one expression */\n  multiSource?: BasicExpression<boolean>\n}\n\n/**\n * Result of query optimization including both the optimized query and collection-specific WHERE clauses\n */\nexport interface OptimizationResult {\n  /** The optimized query with WHERE clauses potentially moved to subqueries */\n  optimizedQuery: QueryIR\n  /** Map of collection aliases to their extracted WHERE clauses for index optimization */\n  collectionWhereClauses: Map<string, BasicExpression<boolean>>\n}\n\n/**\n * Main query optimizer entry point that lifts WHERE clauses into subqueries.\n *\n * This function implements multi-level predicate pushdown optimization by recursively\n * moving WHERE clauses through nested subqueries to get them as close to the data\n * sources as possible, then removing redundant subqueries.\n *\n * @param query - The QueryIR to optimize\n * @returns An OptimizationResult with the optimized query and collection WHERE clause mapping\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * const originalQuery = {\n *   from: new CollectionRef(users, 'u'),\n *   join: [{ from: new CollectionRef(posts, 'p'), ... }],\n *   where: [eq(u.dept_id, 1), gt(p.views, 100)]\n * }\n *\n * const { optimizedQuery, collectionWhereClauses } = optimizeQuery(originalQuery)\n * // Result: Single-source clauses moved to deepest possible subqueries\n * // collectionWhereClauses: Map { 'u' => eq(u.dept_id, 1), 'p' => gt(p.views, 100) }\n * ```\n */\nexport function optimizeQuery(query: QueryIR): OptimizationResult {\n  // First, extract collection WHERE clauses before optimization\n  const collectionWhereClauses = extractCollectionWhereClauses(query)\n\n  // Apply multi-level predicate pushdown with iterative convergence\n  let optimized = query\n  let previousOptimized: QueryIR | undefined\n  let iterations = 0\n  const maxIterations = 10 // Prevent infinite loops\n\n  // Keep optimizing until no more changes occur or max iterations reached\n  while (\n    iterations < maxIterations &&\n    !deepEquals(optimized, previousOptimized)\n  ) {\n    previousOptimized = optimized\n    optimized = applyRecursiveOptimization(optimized)\n    iterations++\n  }\n\n  // Remove redundant subqueries\n  const cleaned = removeRedundantSubqueries(optimized)\n\n  return {\n    optimizedQuery: cleaned,\n    collectionWhereClauses,\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Extracts collection-specific WHERE clauses from a query for index optimization.\n * This analyzes the original query to identify WHERE clauses that can be pushed down\n * to specific collections, but only for simple queries without joins.\n *\n * @param query - The original QueryIR to analyze\n * @returns Map of collection aliases to their WHERE clauses\n */\nfunction extractCollectionWhereClauses(\n  query: QueryIR\n): Map<string, BasicExpression<boolean>> {\n  const collectionWhereClauses = new Map<string, BasicExpression<boolean>>()\n\n  // Only analyze queries that have WHERE clauses\n  if (!query.where || query.where.length === 0) {\n    return collectionWhereClauses\n  }\n\n  // Split all AND clauses at the root level for granular analysis\n  const splitWhereClauses = splitAndClauses(query.where)\n\n  // Analyze each WHERE clause to determine which sources it touches\n  const analyzedClauses = splitWhereClauses.map((clause) =>\n    analyzeWhereClause(clause)\n  )\n\n  // Group clauses by single-source vs multi-source\n  const groupedClauses = groupWhereClauses(analyzedClauses)\n\n  // Only include single-source clauses that reference collections directly\n  // and can be converted to BasicExpression format for collection indexes\n  for (const [sourceAlias, whereClause] of groupedClauses.singleSource) {\n    // Check if this source alias corresponds to a collection reference\n    if (isCollectionReference(query, sourceAlias)) {\n      // Check if the WHERE clause can be converted to collection-compatible format\n      if (isConvertibleToCollectionFilter(whereClause)) {\n        collectionWhereClauses.set(sourceAlias, whereClause)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return collectionWhereClauses\n}\n\n/**\n * Determines if a source alias refers to a collection reference (not a subquery).\n * This is used to identify WHERE clauses that can be pushed down to collection subscriptions.\n *\n * @param query - The query to analyze\n * @param sourceAlias - The source alias to check\n * @returns True if the alias refers to a collection reference\n */\nfunction isCollectionReference(query: QueryIR, sourceAlias: string): boolean {\n  // Check the FROM clause\n  if (query.from.alias === sourceAlias) {\n    return query.from.type === `collectionRef`\n  }\n\n  // Check JOIN clauses\n  if (query.join) {\n    for (const joinClause of query.join) {\n      if (joinClause.from.alias === sourceAlias) {\n        return joinClause.from.type === `collectionRef`\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false\n}\n\n/**\n * Applies recursive predicate pushdown optimization.\n *\n * @param query - The QueryIR to optimize\n * @returns A new QueryIR with optimizations applied\n */\nfunction applyRecursiveOptimization(query: QueryIR): QueryIR {\n  // First, recursively optimize any existing subqueries\n  const subqueriesOptimized = {\n    ...query,\n    from:\n      query.from.type === `queryRef`\n        ? new QueryRefClass(\n            applyRecursiveOptimization(query.from.query),\n            query.from.alias\n          )\n        : query.from,\n    join: query.join?.map((joinClause) => ({\n      ...joinClause,\n      from:\n        joinClause.from.type === `queryRef`\n          ? new QueryRefClass(\n              applyRecursiveOptimization(joinClause.from.query),\n              joinClause.from.alias\n            )\n          : joinClause.from,\n    })),\n  }\n\n  // Then apply single-level optimization to this query\n  return applySingleLevelOptimization(subqueriesOptimized)\n}\n\n/**\n * Applies single-level predicate pushdown optimization (existing logic)\n */\nfunction applySingleLevelOptimization(query: QueryIR): QueryIR {\n  // Skip optimization if no WHERE clauses exist\n  if (!query.where || query.where.length === 0) {\n    return query\n  }\n\n  // Skip optimization if there are no joins - predicate pushdown only benefits joins\n  // Single-table queries don't benefit from this optimization\n  if (!query.join || query.join.length === 0) {\n    return query\n  }\n\n  // Filter out residual WHERE clauses to prevent them from being optimized again\n  const nonResidualWhereClauses = query.where.filter(\n    (where) => !isResidualWhere(where)\n  )\n\n  // Step 1: Split all AND clauses at the root level for granular optimization\n  const splitWhereClauses = splitAndClauses(nonResidualWhereClauses)\n\n  // Step 2: Analyze each WHERE clause to determine which sources it touches\n  const analyzedClauses = splitWhereClauses.map((clause) =>\n    analyzeWhereClause(clause)\n  )\n\n  // Step 3: Group clauses by single-source vs multi-source\n  const groupedClauses = groupWhereClauses(analyzedClauses)\n\n  // Step 4: Apply optimizations by lifting single-source clauses into subqueries\n  const optimizedQuery = applyOptimizations(query, groupedClauses)\n\n  // Add back any residual WHERE clauses that were filtered out\n  const residualWhereClauses = query.where.filter((where) =>\n    isResidualWhere(where)\n  )\n  if (residualWhereClauses.length > 0) {\n    optimizedQuery.where = [\n      ...(optimizedQuery.where || []),\n      ...residualWhereClauses,\n    ]\n  }\n\n  return optimizedQuery\n}\n\n/**\n * Removes redundant subqueries that don't add value.\n * A subquery is redundant if it only wraps another query without adding\n * WHERE, SELECT, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY, or LIMIT/OFFSET clauses.\n *\n * @param query - The QueryIR to process\n * @returns A new QueryIR with redundant subqueries removed\n */\nfunction removeRedundantSubqueries(query: QueryIR): QueryIR {\n  return {\n    ...query,\n    from: removeRedundantFromClause(query.from),\n    join: query.join?.map((joinClause) => ({\n      ...joinClause,\n      from: removeRedundantFromClause(joinClause.from),\n    })),\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Removes redundant subqueries from a FROM clause.\n *\n * @param from - The FROM clause to process\n * @returns A FROM clause with redundant subqueries removed\n */\nfunction removeRedundantFromClause(from: From): From {\n  if (from.type === `collectionRef`) {\n    return from\n  }\n\n  const processedQuery = removeRedundantSubqueries(from.query)\n\n  // Check if this subquery is redundant\n  if (isRedundantSubquery(processedQuery)) {\n    // Return the inner query's FROM clause with this alias\n    const innerFrom = removeRedundantFromClause(processedQuery.from)\n    if (innerFrom.type === `collectionRef`) {\n      return new CollectionRefClass(innerFrom.collection, from.alias)\n    } else {\n      return new QueryRefClass(innerFrom.query, from.alias)\n    }\n  }\n\n  return new QueryRefClass(processedQuery, from.alias)\n}\n\n/**\n * Determines if a subquery is redundant (adds no value).\n *\n * @param query - The query to check\n * @returns True if the query is redundant and can be removed\n */\nfunction isRedundantSubquery(query: QueryIR): boolean {\n  return (\n    (!query.where || query.where.length === 0) &&\n    !query.select &&\n    (!query.groupBy || query.groupBy.length === 0) &&\n    (!query.having || query.having.length === 0) &&\n    (!query.orderBy || query.orderBy.length === 0) &&\n    (!query.join || query.join.length === 0) &&\n    query.limit === undefined &&\n    query.offset === undefined &&\n    !query.fnSelect &&\n    (!query.fnWhere || query.fnWhere.length === 0) &&\n    (!query.fnHaving || query.fnHaving.length === 0)\n  )\n}\n\n/**\n * Step 1: Split all AND clauses recursively into separate WHERE clauses.\n *\n * This enables more granular optimization by treating each condition independently.\n * OR clauses are preserved as they cannot be split without changing query semantics.\n *\n * @param whereClauses - Array of WHERE expressions to split\n * @returns Flattened array with AND clauses split into separate expressions\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * // Input: [and(eq(a, 1), gt(b, 2)), eq(c, 3)]\n * // Output: [eq(a, 1), gt(b, 2), eq(c, 3)]\n * ```\n */\nfunction splitAndClauses(\n  whereClauses: Array<Where>\n): Array<BasicExpression<boolean>> {\n  const result: Array<BasicExpression<boolean>> = []\n\n  for (const whereClause of whereClauses) {\n    const clause = getWhereExpression(whereClause)\n    result.push(...splitAndClausesRecursive(clause))\n  }\n\n  return result\n}\n\n// Helper function for recursive splitting of BasicExpression arrays\nfunction splitAndClausesRecursive(\n  clause: BasicExpression<boolean>\n): Array<BasicExpression<boolean>> {\n  if (clause.type === `func` && clause.name === `and`) {\n    // Recursively split nested AND clauses to handle complex expressions\n    const result: Array<BasicExpression<boolean>> = []\n    for (const arg of clause.args as Array<BasicExpression<boolean>>) {\n      result.push(...splitAndClausesRecursive(arg))\n    }\n    return result\n  } else {\n    // Preserve non-AND clauses as-is (including OR clauses)\n    return [clause]\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Step 2: Analyze which table sources a WHERE clause touches.\n *\n * This determines whether a clause can be pushed down to a specific table\n * or must remain in the main query (for multi-source clauses like join conditions).\n *\n * Special handling for namespace-only references in outer joins:\n * WHERE clauses that reference only a table namespace (e.g., isUndefined(special), eq(special, value))\n * rather than specific properties (e.g., isUndefined(special.id), eq(special.id, value)) are treated as\n * multi-source to prevent incorrect predicate pushdown that would change join semantics.\n *\n * @param clause - The WHERE expression to analyze\n * @returns Analysis result with the expression and touched source aliases\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * // eq(users.department_id, 1) -> touches ['users'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: false\n * // eq(users.id, posts.user_id) -> touches ['users', 'posts'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: false\n * // isUndefined(special) -> touches ['special'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: true (prevents pushdown)\n * // eq(special, someValue) -> touches ['special'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: true (prevents pushdown)\n * // isUndefined(special.id) -> touches ['special'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: false (allows pushdown)\n * // eq(special.id, 5) -> touches ['special'], hasNamespaceOnlyRef: false (allows pushdown)\n * ```\n */\nfunction analyzeWhereClause(\n  clause: BasicExpression<boolean>\n): AnalyzedWhereClause {\n  // Track which table aliases this WHERE clause touches\n  const touchedSources = new Set<string>()\n  // Track whether this clause contains namespace-only references that prevent pushdown\n  let hasNamespaceOnlyRef = false\n\n  /**\n   * Recursively collect all table aliases referenced in an expression\n   */\n  function collectSources(expr: BasicExpression | any): void {\n    switch (expr.type) {\n      case `ref`:\n        // PropRef path has the table alias as the first element\n        if (expr.path && expr.path.length > 0) {\n          const firstElement = expr.path[0]\n          if (firstElement) {\n            touchedSources.add(firstElement)\n\n            // If the path has only one element (just the namespace),\n            // this is a namespace-only reference that should not be pushed down\n            // This applies to ANY function, not just existence-checking functions\n            if (expr.path.length === 1) {\n              hasNamespaceOnlyRef = true\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        break\n      case `func`:\n        // Recursively analyze function arguments (e.g., eq, gt, and, or)\n        if (expr.args) {\n          expr.args.forEach(collectSources)\n        }\n        break\n      case `val`:\n        // Values don't reference any sources\n        break\n      case `agg`:\n        // Aggregates can reference sources in their arguments\n        if (expr.args) {\n          expr.args.forEach(collectSources)\n        }\n        break\n    }\n  }\n\n  collectSources(clause)\n\n  return {\n    expression: clause,\n    touchedSources,\n    hasNamespaceOnlyRef,\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Step 3: Group WHERE clauses by the sources they touch.\n *\n * Single-source clauses can be pushed down to subqueries for optimization.\n * Multi-source clauses must remain in the main query to preserve join semantics.\n *\n * @param analyzedClauses - Array of analyzed WHERE clauses\n * @returns Grouped clauses ready for optimization\n */\nfunction groupWhereClauses(\n  analyzedClauses: Array<AnalyzedWhereClause>\n): GroupedWhereClauses {\n  const singleSource = new Map<string, Array<BasicExpression<boolean>>>()\n  const multiSource: Array<BasicExpression<boolean>> = []\n\n  // Categorize each clause based on how many sources it touches\n  for (const clause of analyzedClauses) {\n    if (clause.touchedSources.size === 1 && !clause.hasNamespaceOnlyRef) {\n      // Single source clause without namespace-only references - can be optimized\n      const source = Array.from(clause.touchedSources)[0]!\n      if (!singleSource.has(source)) {\n        singleSource.set(source, [])\n      }\n      singleSource.get(source)!.push(clause.expression)\n    } else if (clause.touchedSources.size > 1 || clause.hasNamespaceOnlyRef) {\n      // Multi-source clause or namespace-only reference - must stay in main query\n      multiSource.push(clause.expression)\n    }\n    // Skip clauses that touch no sources (constants) - they don't need optimization\n  }\n\n  // Combine multiple clauses for each source with AND\n  const combinedSingleSource = new Map<string, BasicExpression<boolean>>()\n  for (const [source, clauses] of singleSource) {\n    combinedSingleSource.set(source, combineWithAnd(clauses))\n  }\n\n  // Combine multi-source clauses with AND\n  const combinedMultiSource =\n    multiSource.length > 0 ? combineWithAnd(multiSource) : undefined\n\n  return {\n    singleSource: combinedSingleSource,\n    multiSource: combinedMultiSource,\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Step 4: Apply optimizations by lifting single-source clauses into subqueries.\n *\n * Creates a new QueryIR with single-source WHERE clauses moved to subqueries\n * that wrap the original table references. This ensures immutability and prevents\n * infinite recursion issues.\n *\n * @param query - Original QueryIR to optimize\n * @param groupedClauses - WHERE clauses grouped by optimization strategy\n * @returns New QueryIR with optimizations applied\n */\nfunction applyOptimizations(\n  query: QueryIR,\n  groupedClauses: GroupedWhereClauses\n): QueryIR {\n  // Track which single-source clauses were actually optimized\n  const actuallyOptimized = new Set<string>()\n\n  // Optimize the main FROM clause and track what was optimized\n  const optimizedFrom = optimizeFromWithTracking(\n    query.from,\n    groupedClauses.singleSource,\n    actuallyOptimized\n  )\n\n  // Optimize JOIN clauses and track what was optimized\n  const optimizedJoins = query.join\n    ? query.join.map((joinClause) => ({\n        ...joinClause,\n        from: optimizeFromWithTracking(\n          joinClause.from,\n          groupedClauses.singleSource,\n          actuallyOptimized\n        ),\n      }))\n    : undefined\n\n  // Build the remaining WHERE clauses: multi-source + residual single-source clauses\n  const remainingWhereClauses: Array<Where> = []\n\n  // Add multi-source clauses\n  if (groupedClauses.multiSource) {\n    remainingWhereClauses.push(groupedClauses.multiSource)\n  }\n\n  // Determine if we need residual clauses (when query has outer JOINs)\n  const hasOuterJoins =\n    query.join &&\n    query.join.some(\n      (join) =>\n        join.type === `left` || join.type === `right` || join.type === `full`\n    )\n\n  // Add single-source clauses\n  for (const [source, clause] of groupedClauses.singleSource) {\n    if (!actuallyOptimized.has(source)) {\n      // Wasn't optimized at all - keep as regular WHERE clause\n      remainingWhereClauses.push(clause)\n    } else if (hasOuterJoins) {\n      // Was optimized AND query has outer JOINs - keep as residual WHERE clause\n      remainingWhereClauses.push(createResidualWhere(clause))\n    }\n    // If optimized and no outer JOINs - don't keep (original behavior)\n  }\n\n  // Create a completely new query object to ensure immutability\n  const optimizedQuery: QueryIR = {\n    // Copy all non-optimized fields as-is\n    select: query.select,\n    groupBy: query.groupBy ? [...query.groupBy] : undefined,\n    having: query.having ? [...query.having] : undefined,\n    orderBy: query.orderBy ? [...query.orderBy] : undefined,\n    limit: query.limit,\n    offset: query.offset,\n    distinct: query.distinct,\n    fnSelect: query.fnSelect,\n    fnWhere: query.fnWhere ? [...query.fnWhere] : undefined,\n    fnHaving: query.fnHaving ? [...query.fnHaving] : undefined,\n\n    // Use the optimized FROM and JOIN clauses\n    from: optimizedFrom,\n    join: optimizedJoins,\n\n    // Only include WHERE clauses that weren't successfully optimized\n    where: remainingWhereClauses.length > 0 ? remainingWhereClauses : [],\n  }\n\n  return optimizedQuery\n}\n\n/**\n * Helper function to create a deep copy of a QueryIR object for immutability.\n *\n * This ensures that all optimizations create new objects rather than modifying\n * existing ones, preventing infinite recursion and shared reference issues.\n *\n * @param query - QueryIR to deep copy\n * @returns New QueryIR object with all nested objects copied\n */\nfunction deepCopyQuery(query: QueryIR): QueryIR {\n  return {\n    // Recursively copy the FROM clause\n    from:\n      query.from.type === `collectionRef`\n        ? new CollectionRefClass(query.from.collection, query.from.alias)\n        : new QueryRefClass(deepCopyQuery(query.from.query), query.from.alias),\n\n    // Copy all other fields, creating new arrays where necessary\n    select: query.select,\n    join: query.join\n      ? query.join.map((joinClause) => ({\n          type: joinClause.type,\n          left: joinClause.left,\n          right: joinClause.right,\n          from:\n            joinClause.from.type === `collectionRef`\n              ? new CollectionRefClass(\n                  joinClause.from.collection,\n                  joinClause.from.alias\n                )\n              : new QueryRefClass(\n                  deepCopyQuery(joinClause.from.query),\n                  joinClause.from.alias\n                ),\n        }))\n      : undefined,\n    where: query.where ? [...query.where] : undefined,\n    groupBy: query.groupBy ? [...query.groupBy] : undefined,\n    having: query.having ? [...query.having] : undefined,\n    orderBy: query.orderBy ? [...query.orderBy] : undefined,\n    limit: query.limit,\n    offset: query.offset,\n    fnSelect: query.fnSelect,\n    fnWhere: query.fnWhere ? [...query.fnWhere] : undefined,\n    fnHaving: query.fnHaving ? 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package/dist/esm/transactions.js

@@ -222,8 +222,7 @@ class Transaction {
    * }
    */
   rollback(config) {
-    var _a;
-    const isSecondaryRollback = (config == null ? void 0 : config.isSecondaryRollback) ?? false;
+    const isSecondaryRollback = config?.isSecondaryRollback ?? false;
     if (this.state === `completed`) {
       throw new TransactionAlreadyCompletedRollbackError();
     }
@@ -235,7 +234,7 @@ class Transaction {
         t.state === `pending` && t.mutations.some((m) => mutationIds.has(m.globalKey)) && t.rollback({ isSecondaryRollback: true });
       }
     }
-    this.isPersisted.reject((_a = this.error) == null ? void 0 : _a.error);
+    this.isPersisted.reject(this.error?.error);
     this.touchCollection();
     return this;
   }

package/dist/esm/transactions.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"transactions.js","sources":["../../src/transactions.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { createDeferred } from \"./deferred\"\nimport {\n  MissingMutationFunctionError,\n  TransactionAlreadyCompletedRollbackError,\n  TransactionNotPendingCommitError,\n  TransactionNotPendingMutateError,\n} from \"./errors\"\nimport type { Deferred } from \"./deferred\"\nimport type {\n  MutationFn,\n  PendingMutation,\n  TransactionConfig,\n  TransactionState,\n  TransactionWithMutations,\n} from \"./types\"\n\nconst transactions: Array<Transaction<any>> = []\nlet transactionStack: Array<Transaction<any>> = []\n\nlet sequenceNumber = 0\n\n/**\n * Merges two pending mutations for the same item within a transaction\n *\n * Merge behavior truth table:\n * - (insert, update) → insert (merge changes, keep empty original)\n * - (insert, delete) → null (cancel both mutations)\n * - (update, delete) → delete (delete dominates)\n * - (update, update) → update (replace with latest, union changes)\n * - (delete, delete) → delete (replace with latest)\n * - (insert, insert) → insert (replace with latest)\n *\n * Note: (delete, update) and (delete, insert) should never occur as the collection\n * layer prevents operations on deleted items within the same transaction.\n *\n * @param existing - The existing mutation in the transaction\n * @param incoming - The new mutation being applied\n * @returns The merged mutation, or null if both should be removed\n */\nfunction mergePendingMutations<T extends object>(\n  existing: PendingMutation<T>,\n  incoming: PendingMutation<T>\n): PendingMutation<T> | null {\n  // Truth table implementation\n  switch (`${existing.type}-${incoming.type}` as const) {\n    case `insert-update`: {\n      // Update after insert: keep as insert but merge changes\n      // For insert-update, the key should remain the same since collections don't allow key changes\n      return {\n        ...existing,\n        type: `insert` as const,\n        original: {},\n        modified: incoming.modified,\n        changes: { ...existing.changes, ...incoming.changes },\n        // Keep existing keys (key changes not allowed in updates)\n        key: existing.key,\n        globalKey: existing.globalKey,\n        // Merge metadata (last-write-wins)\n        metadata: incoming.metadata ?? existing.metadata,\n        syncMetadata: { ...existing.syncMetadata, ...incoming.syncMetadata },\n        // Update tracking info\n        mutationId: incoming.mutationId,\n        updatedAt: incoming.updatedAt,\n      }\n    }\n\n    case `insert-delete`:\n      // Delete after insert: cancel both mutations\n      return null\n\n    case `update-delete`:\n      // Delete after update: delete dominates\n      return incoming\n\n    case `update-update`: {\n      // Update after update: replace with latest, union changes\n      return {\n        ...incoming,\n        // Keep original from first update\n        original: existing.original,\n        // Union the changes from both updates\n        changes: { ...existing.changes, ...incoming.changes },\n        // Merge metadata\n        metadata: incoming.metadata ?? existing.metadata,\n        syncMetadata: { ...existing.syncMetadata, ...incoming.syncMetadata },\n      }\n    }\n\n    case `delete-delete`:\n    case `insert-insert`:\n      // Same type: replace with latest\n      return incoming\n\n    default: {\n      // Exhaustiveness check\n      const _exhaustive: never = `${existing.type}-${incoming.type}` as never\n      throw new Error(`Unhandled mutation combination: ${_exhaustive}`)\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a new transaction for grouping multiple collection operations\n * @param config - Transaction configuration with mutation function\n * @returns A new Transaction instance\n * @example\n * // Basic transaction usage\n * const tx = createTransaction({\n *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {\n *     // Send all mutations to API\n *     await api.saveChanges(transaction.mutations)\n *   }\n * })\n *\n * tx.mutate(() => {\n *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n *   collection.update(\"2\", draft => { draft.completed = true })\n * })\n *\n * await tx.isPersisted.promise\n *\n * @example\n * // Handle transaction errors\n * try {\n *   const tx = createTransaction({\n *     mutationFn: async () => { throw new Error(\"API failed\") }\n *   })\n *\n *   tx.mutate(() => {\n *     collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"New item\" })\n *   })\n *\n *   await tx.isPersisted.promise\n * } catch (error) {\n *   console.log('Transaction failed:', error)\n * }\n *\n * @example\n * // Manual commit control\n * const tx = createTransaction({\n *   autoCommit: false,\n *   mutationFn: async () => {\n *     // API call\n *   }\n * })\n *\n * tx.mutate(() => {\n *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n * })\n *\n * // Commit later\n * await tx.commit()\n */\nexport function createTransaction<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>>(\n  config: TransactionConfig<T>\n): Transaction<T> {\n  const newTransaction = new Transaction<T>(config)\n  transactions.push(newTransaction)\n  return newTransaction\n}\n\n/**\n * Gets the currently active ambient transaction, if any\n * Used internally by collection operations to join existing transactions\n * @returns The active transaction or undefined if none is active\n * @example\n * // Check if operations will join an ambient transaction\n * const ambientTx = getActiveTransaction()\n * if (ambientTx) {\n *   console.log('Operations will join transaction:', ambientTx.id)\n * }\n */\nexport function getActiveTransaction(): Transaction | undefined {\n  if (transactionStack.length > 0) {\n    return transactionStack.slice(-1)[0]\n  } else {\n    return undefined\n  }\n}\n\nfunction registerTransaction(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  transactionStack.push(tx)\n}\n\nfunction unregisterTransaction(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  transactionStack = transactionStack.filter((t) => t.id !== tx.id)\n}\n\nfunction removeFromPendingList(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  const index = transactions.findIndex((t) => t.id === tx.id)\n  if (index !== -1) {\n    transactions.splice(index, 1)\n  }\n}\n\nclass Transaction<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>> {\n  public id: string\n  public state: TransactionState\n  public mutationFn: MutationFn<T>\n  public mutations: Array<PendingMutation<T>>\n  public isPersisted: Deferred<Transaction<T>>\n  public autoCommit: boolean\n  public createdAt: Date\n  public sequenceNumber: number\n  public metadata: Record<string, unknown>\n  public error?: {\n    message: string\n    error: Error\n  }\n\n  constructor(config: TransactionConfig<T>) {\n    if (typeof config.mutationFn === `undefined`) {\n      throw new MissingMutationFunctionError()\n    }\n    this.id = config.id ?? crypto.randomUUID()\n    this.mutationFn = config.mutationFn\n    this.state = `pending`\n    this.mutations = []\n    this.isPersisted = createDeferred<Transaction<T>>()\n    this.autoCommit = config.autoCommit ?? true\n    this.createdAt = new Date()\n    this.sequenceNumber = sequenceNumber++\n    this.metadata = config.metadata ?? {}\n  }\n\n  setState(newState: TransactionState) {\n    this.state = newState\n\n    if (newState === `completed` || newState === `failed`) {\n      removeFromPendingList(this)\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute collection operations within this transaction\n   * @param callback - Function containing collection operations to group together\n   * @returns This transaction for chaining\n   * @example\n   * // Group multiple operations\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {\n   *   // Send to API\n   * }})\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   *   collection.update(\"2\", draft => { draft.completed = true })\n   *   collection.delete(\"3\")\n   * })\n   *\n   * await tx.isPersisted.promise\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle mutate errors\n   * try {\n   *   tx.mutate(() => {\n   *     collection.insert({ id: \"invalid\" }) // This might throw\n   *   })\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Mutation failed:', error)\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Manual commit control\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ autoCommit: false, mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * // Commit later when ready\n   * await tx.commit()\n   */\n  mutate(callback: () => void): Transaction<T> {\n    if (this.state !== `pending`) {\n      throw new TransactionNotPendingMutateError()\n    }\n\n    registerTransaction(this)\n    try {\n      callback()\n    } finally {\n      unregisterTransaction(this)\n    }\n\n    if (this.autoCommit) {\n      this.commit().catch(() => {\n        // Errors from autoCommit are handled via isPersisted.promise\n        // This catch prevents unhandled promise rejections\n      })\n    }\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Apply new mutations to this transaction, intelligently merging with existing mutations\n   *\n   * When mutations operate on the same item (same globalKey), they are merged according to\n   * the following rules:\n   *\n   * - **insert + update** → insert (merge changes, keep empty original)\n   * - **insert + delete** → removed (mutations cancel each other out)\n   * - **update + delete** → delete (delete dominates)\n   * - **update + update** → update (union changes, keep first original)\n   * - **same type** → replace with latest\n   *\n   * This merging reduces over-the-wire churn and keeps the optimistic local view\n   * aligned with user intent.\n   *\n   * @param mutations - Array of new mutations to apply\n   */\n  applyMutations(mutations: Array<PendingMutation<any>>): void {\n    for (const newMutation of mutations) {\n      const existingIndex = this.mutations.findIndex(\n        (m) => m.globalKey === newMutation.globalKey\n      )\n\n      if (existingIndex >= 0) {\n        const existingMutation = this.mutations[existingIndex]!\n        const mergeResult = mergePendingMutations(existingMutation, newMutation)\n\n        if (mergeResult === null) {\n          // Remove the mutation (e.g., delete after insert cancels both)\n          this.mutations.splice(existingIndex, 1)\n        } else {\n          // Replace with merged mutation\n          this.mutations[existingIndex] = mergeResult\n        }\n      } else {\n        // Insert new mutation\n        this.mutations.push(newMutation)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Rollback the transaction and any conflicting transactions\n   * @param config - Configuration for rollback behavior\n   * @returns This transaction for chaining\n   * @example\n   * // Manual rollback\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {\n   *   // Send to API\n   * }})\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * // Rollback if needed\n   * if (shouldCancel) {\n   *   tx.rollback()\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle rollback cascade (automatic)\n   * const tx1 = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   * const tx2 = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   *\n   * tx1.mutate(() => collection.update(\"1\", draft => { draft.value = \"A\" }))\n   * tx2.mutate(() => collection.update(\"1\", draft => { draft.value = \"B\" })) // Same item\n   *\n   * tx1.rollback() // This will also rollback tx2 due to conflict\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle rollback in error scenarios\n   * try {\n   *   await tx.isPersisted.promise\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Transaction was rolled back:', error)\n   *   // Transaction automatically rolled back on mutation function failure\n   * }\n   */\n  rollback(config?: { isSecondaryRollback?: boolean }): Transaction<T> {\n    const isSecondaryRollback = config?.isSecondaryRollback ?? false\n    if (this.state === `completed`) {\n      throw new TransactionAlreadyCompletedRollbackError()\n    }\n\n    this.setState(`failed`)\n\n    // See if there's any other transactions w/ mutations on the same ids\n    // and roll them back as well.\n    if (!isSecondaryRollback) {\n      const mutationIds = new Set()\n      this.mutations.forEach((m) => mutationIds.add(m.globalKey))\n      for (const t of transactions) {\n        t.state === `pending` &&\n          t.mutations.some((m) => mutationIds.has(m.globalKey)) &&\n          t.rollback({ isSecondaryRollback: true })\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Reject the promise\n    this.isPersisted.reject(this.error?.error)\n    this.touchCollection()\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  // Tell collection that something has changed with the transaction\n  touchCollection(): void {\n    const hasCalled = new Set()\n    for (const mutation of this.mutations) {\n      if (!hasCalled.has(mutation.collection.id)) {\n        mutation.collection._state.onTransactionStateChange()\n\n        // Only call commitPendingTransactions if there are pending sync transactions\n        if (mutation.collection._state.pendingSyncedTransactions.length > 0) {\n          mutation.collection._state.commitPendingTransactions()\n        }\n\n        hasCalled.add(mutation.collection.id)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Commit the transaction and execute the mutation function\n   * @returns Promise that resolves to this transaction when complete\n   * @example\n   * // Manual commit (when autoCommit is false)\n   * const tx = createTransaction({\n   *   autoCommit: false,\n   *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {\n   *     await api.saveChanges(transaction.mutations)\n   *   }\n   * })\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * await tx.commit() // Manually commit\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle commit errors\n   * try {\n   *   const tx = createTransaction({\n   *     mutationFn: async () => { throw new Error(\"API failed\") }\n   *   })\n   *\n   *   tx.mutate(() => {\n   *     collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n   *   })\n   *\n   *   await tx.commit()\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Commit failed, transaction rolled back:', error)\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Check transaction state after commit\n   * await tx.commit()\n   * console.log(tx.state) // \"completed\" or \"failed\"\n   */\n  async commit(): Promise<Transaction<T>> {\n    if (this.state !== `pending`) {\n      throw new TransactionNotPendingCommitError()\n    }\n\n    this.setState(`persisting`)\n\n    if (this.mutations.length === 0) {\n      this.setState(`completed`)\n      this.isPersisted.resolve(this)\n\n      return this\n    }\n\n    // Run mutationFn\n    try {\n      // At this point we know there's at least one mutation\n      // We've already verified mutations is non-empty, so this cast is safe\n      // Use a direct type assertion instead of object spreading to preserve the original type\n      await this.mutationFn({\n        transaction: this as unknown as TransactionWithMutations<T>,\n      })\n\n      this.setState(`completed`)\n      this.touchCollection()\n\n      this.isPersisted.resolve(this)\n    } catch (error) {\n      // Preserve the original error for rethrowing\n      const originalError =\n        error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error))\n\n      // Update transaction with error information\n      this.error = {\n        message: originalError.message,\n        error: originalError,\n      }\n\n      // rollback the transaction\n      this.rollback()\n\n      // Re-throw the original error to preserve identity and stack\n      throw originalError\n    }\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Compare two transactions by their createdAt time and sequence number in order\n   * to sort them in the order they were created.\n   * @param other - The other 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+{"version":3,"file":"transactions.js","sources":["../../src/transactions.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { createDeferred } from \"./deferred\"\nimport {\n  MissingMutationFunctionError,\n  TransactionAlreadyCompletedRollbackError,\n  TransactionNotPendingCommitError,\n  TransactionNotPendingMutateError,\n} from \"./errors\"\nimport type { Deferred } from \"./deferred\"\nimport type {\n  MutationFn,\n  PendingMutation,\n  TransactionConfig,\n  TransactionState,\n  TransactionWithMutations,\n} from \"./types\"\n\nconst transactions: Array<Transaction<any>> = []\nlet transactionStack: Array<Transaction<any>> = []\n\nlet sequenceNumber = 0\n\n/**\n * Merges two pending mutations for the same item within a transaction\n *\n * Merge behavior truth table:\n * - (insert, update) → insert (merge changes, keep empty original)\n * - (insert, delete) → null (cancel both mutations)\n * - (update, delete) → delete (delete dominates)\n * - (update, update) → update (replace with latest, union changes)\n * - (delete, delete) → delete (replace with latest)\n * - (insert, insert) → insert (replace with latest)\n *\n * Note: (delete, update) and (delete, insert) should never occur as the collection\n * layer prevents operations on deleted items within the same transaction.\n *\n * @param existing - The existing mutation in the transaction\n * @param incoming - The new mutation being applied\n * @returns The merged mutation, or null if both should be removed\n */\nfunction mergePendingMutations<T extends object>(\n  existing: PendingMutation<T>,\n  incoming: PendingMutation<T>\n): PendingMutation<T> | null {\n  // Truth table implementation\n  switch (`${existing.type}-${incoming.type}` as const) {\n    case `insert-update`: {\n      // Update after insert: keep as insert but merge changes\n      // For insert-update, the key should remain the same since collections don't allow key changes\n      return {\n        ...existing,\n        type: `insert` as const,\n        original: {},\n        modified: incoming.modified,\n        changes: { ...existing.changes, ...incoming.changes },\n        // Keep existing keys (key changes not allowed in updates)\n        key: existing.key,\n        globalKey: existing.globalKey,\n        // Merge metadata (last-write-wins)\n        metadata: incoming.metadata ?? existing.metadata,\n        syncMetadata: { ...existing.syncMetadata, ...incoming.syncMetadata },\n        // Update tracking info\n        mutationId: incoming.mutationId,\n        updatedAt: incoming.updatedAt,\n      }\n    }\n\n    case `insert-delete`:\n      // Delete after insert: cancel both mutations\n      return null\n\n    case `update-delete`:\n      // Delete after update: delete dominates\n      return incoming\n\n    case `update-update`: {\n      // Update after update: replace with latest, union changes\n      return {\n        ...incoming,\n        // Keep original from first update\n        original: existing.original,\n        // Union the changes from both updates\n        changes: { ...existing.changes, ...incoming.changes },\n        // Merge metadata\n        metadata: incoming.metadata ?? existing.metadata,\n        syncMetadata: { ...existing.syncMetadata, ...incoming.syncMetadata },\n      }\n    }\n\n    case `delete-delete`:\n    case `insert-insert`:\n      // Same type: replace with latest\n      return incoming\n\n    default: {\n      // Exhaustiveness check\n      const _exhaustive: never = `${existing.type}-${incoming.type}` as never\n      throw new Error(`Unhandled mutation combination: ${_exhaustive}`)\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a new transaction for grouping multiple collection operations\n * @param config - Transaction configuration with mutation function\n * @returns A new Transaction instance\n * @example\n * // Basic transaction usage\n * const tx = createTransaction({\n *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {\n *     // Send all mutations to API\n *     await api.saveChanges(transaction.mutations)\n *   }\n * })\n *\n * tx.mutate(() => {\n *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n *   collection.update(\"2\", draft => { draft.completed = true })\n * })\n *\n * await tx.isPersisted.promise\n *\n * @example\n * // Handle transaction errors\n * try {\n *   const tx = createTransaction({\n *     mutationFn: async () => { throw new Error(\"API failed\") }\n *   })\n *\n *   tx.mutate(() => {\n *     collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"New item\" })\n *   })\n *\n *   await tx.isPersisted.promise\n * } catch (error) {\n *   console.log('Transaction failed:', error)\n * }\n *\n * @example\n * // Manual commit control\n * const tx = createTransaction({\n *   autoCommit: false,\n *   mutationFn: async () => {\n *     // API call\n *   }\n * })\n *\n * tx.mutate(() => {\n *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n * })\n *\n * // Commit later\n * await tx.commit()\n */\nexport function createTransaction<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>>(\n  config: TransactionConfig<T>\n): Transaction<T> {\n  const newTransaction = new Transaction<T>(config)\n  transactions.push(newTransaction)\n  return newTransaction\n}\n\n/**\n * Gets the currently active ambient transaction, if any\n * Used internally by collection operations to join existing transactions\n * @returns The active transaction or undefined if none is active\n * @example\n * // Check if operations will join an ambient transaction\n * const ambientTx = getActiveTransaction()\n * if (ambientTx) {\n *   console.log('Operations will join transaction:', ambientTx.id)\n * }\n */\nexport function getActiveTransaction(): Transaction | undefined {\n  if (transactionStack.length > 0) {\n    return transactionStack.slice(-1)[0]\n  } else {\n    return undefined\n  }\n}\n\nfunction registerTransaction(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  transactionStack.push(tx)\n}\n\nfunction unregisterTransaction(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  transactionStack = transactionStack.filter((t) => t.id !== tx.id)\n}\n\nfunction removeFromPendingList(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  const index = transactions.findIndex((t) => t.id === tx.id)\n  if (index !== -1) {\n    transactions.splice(index, 1)\n  }\n}\n\nclass Transaction<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>> {\n  public id: string\n  public state: TransactionState\n  public mutationFn: MutationFn<T>\n  public mutations: Array<PendingMutation<T>>\n  public isPersisted: Deferred<Transaction<T>>\n  public autoCommit: boolean\n  public createdAt: Date\n  public sequenceNumber: number\n  public metadata: Record<string, unknown>\n  public error?: {\n    message: string\n    error: Error\n  }\n\n  constructor(config: TransactionConfig<T>) {\n    if (typeof config.mutationFn === `undefined`) {\n      throw new MissingMutationFunctionError()\n    }\n    this.id = config.id ?? crypto.randomUUID()\n    this.mutationFn = config.mutationFn\n    this.state = `pending`\n    this.mutations = []\n    this.isPersisted = createDeferred<Transaction<T>>()\n    this.autoCommit = config.autoCommit ?? true\n    this.createdAt = new Date()\n    this.sequenceNumber = sequenceNumber++\n    this.metadata = config.metadata ?? {}\n  }\n\n  setState(newState: TransactionState) {\n    this.state = newState\n\n    if (newState === `completed` || newState === `failed`) {\n      removeFromPendingList(this)\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute collection operations within this transaction\n   * @param callback - Function containing collection operations to group together\n   * @returns This transaction for chaining\n   * @example\n   * // Group multiple operations\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {\n   *   // Send to API\n   * }})\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   *   collection.update(\"2\", draft => { draft.completed = true })\n   *   collection.delete(\"3\")\n   * })\n   *\n   * await tx.isPersisted.promise\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle mutate errors\n   * try {\n   *   tx.mutate(() => {\n   *     collection.insert({ id: \"invalid\" }) // This might throw\n   *   })\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Mutation failed:', error)\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Manual commit control\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ autoCommit: false, mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * // Commit later when ready\n   * await tx.commit()\n   */\n  mutate(callback: () => void): Transaction<T> {\n    if (this.state !== `pending`) {\n      throw new TransactionNotPendingMutateError()\n    }\n\n    registerTransaction(this)\n    try {\n      callback()\n    } finally {\n      unregisterTransaction(this)\n    }\n\n    if (this.autoCommit) {\n      this.commit().catch(() => {\n        // Errors from autoCommit are handled via isPersisted.promise\n        // This catch prevents unhandled promise rejections\n      })\n    }\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Apply new mutations to this transaction, intelligently merging with existing mutations\n   *\n   * When mutations operate on the same item (same globalKey), they are merged according to\n   * the following rules:\n   *\n   * - **insert + update** → insert (merge changes, keep empty original)\n   * - **insert + delete** → removed (mutations cancel each other out)\n   * - **update + delete** → delete (delete dominates)\n   * - **update + update** → update (union changes, keep first original)\n   * - **same type** → replace with latest\n   *\n   * This merging reduces over-the-wire churn and keeps the optimistic local view\n   * aligned with user intent.\n   *\n   * @param mutations - Array of new mutations to apply\n   */\n  applyMutations(mutations: Array<PendingMutation<any>>): void {\n    for (const newMutation of mutations) {\n      const existingIndex = this.mutations.findIndex(\n        (m) => m.globalKey === newMutation.globalKey\n      )\n\n      if (existingIndex >= 0) {\n        const existingMutation = this.mutations[existingIndex]!\n        const mergeResult = mergePendingMutations(existingMutation, newMutation)\n\n        if (mergeResult === null) {\n          // Remove the mutation (e.g., delete after insert cancels both)\n          this.mutations.splice(existingIndex, 1)\n        } else {\n          // Replace with merged mutation\n          this.mutations[existingIndex] = mergeResult\n        }\n      } else {\n        // Insert new mutation\n        this.mutations.push(newMutation)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Rollback the transaction and any conflicting transactions\n   * @param config - Configuration for rollback behavior\n   * @returns This transaction for chaining\n   * @example\n   * // Manual rollback\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {\n   *   // Send to API\n   * }})\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * // Rollback if needed\n   * if (shouldCancel) {\n   *   tx.rollback()\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle rollback cascade (automatic)\n   * const tx1 = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   * const tx2 = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   *\n   * tx1.mutate(() => collection.update(\"1\", draft => { draft.value = \"A\" }))\n   * tx2.mutate(() => collection.update(\"1\", draft => { draft.value = \"B\" })) // Same item\n   *\n   * tx1.rollback() // This will also rollback tx2 due to conflict\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle rollback in error scenarios\n   * try {\n   *   await tx.isPersisted.promise\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Transaction was rolled back:', error)\n   *   // Transaction automatically rolled back on mutation function failure\n   * }\n   */\n  rollback(config?: { isSecondaryRollback?: boolean }): Transaction<T> {\n    const isSecondaryRollback = config?.isSecondaryRollback ?? false\n    if (this.state === `completed`) {\n      throw new TransactionAlreadyCompletedRollbackError()\n    }\n\n    this.setState(`failed`)\n\n    // See if there's any other transactions w/ mutations on the same ids\n    // and roll them back as well.\n    if (!isSecondaryRollback) {\n      const mutationIds = new Set()\n      this.mutations.forEach((m) => mutationIds.add(m.globalKey))\n      for (const t of transactions) {\n        t.state === `pending` &&\n          t.mutations.some((m) => mutationIds.has(m.globalKey)) &&\n          t.rollback({ isSecondaryRollback: true })\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Reject the promise\n    this.isPersisted.reject(this.error?.error)\n    this.touchCollection()\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  // Tell collection that something has changed with the transaction\n  touchCollection(): void {\n    const hasCalled = new Set()\n    for (const mutation of this.mutations) {\n      if (!hasCalled.has(mutation.collection.id)) {\n        mutation.collection._state.onTransactionStateChange()\n\n        // Only call commitPendingTransactions if there are pending sync transactions\n        if (mutation.collection._state.pendingSyncedTransactions.length > 0) {\n          mutation.collection._state.commitPendingTransactions()\n        }\n\n        hasCalled.add(mutation.collection.id)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Commit the transaction and execute the mutation function\n   * @returns Promise that resolves to this transaction when complete\n   * @example\n   * // Manual commit (when autoCommit is false)\n   * const tx = createTransaction({\n   *   autoCommit: false,\n   *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {\n   *     await api.saveChanges(transaction.mutations)\n   *   }\n   * })\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * await tx.commit() // Manually commit\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle commit errors\n   * try {\n   *   const tx = createTransaction({\n   *     mutationFn: async () => { throw new Error(\"API failed\") }\n   *   })\n   *\n   *   tx.mutate(() => {\n   *     collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n   *   })\n   *\n   *   await tx.commit()\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Commit failed, transaction rolled back:', error)\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Check transaction state after commit\n   * await tx.commit()\n   * console.log(tx.state) // \"completed\" or \"failed\"\n   */\n  async commit(): Promise<Transaction<T>> {\n    if (this.state !== `pending`) {\n      throw new TransactionNotPendingCommitError()\n    }\n\n    this.setState(`persisting`)\n\n    if (this.mutations.length === 0) {\n      this.setState(`completed`)\n      this.isPersisted.resolve(this)\n\n      return this\n    }\n\n    // Run mutationFn\n    try {\n      // At this point we know there's at least one mutation\n      // We've already verified mutations is non-empty, so this cast is safe\n      // Use a direct type assertion instead of object spreading to preserve the original type\n      await this.mutationFn({\n        transaction: this as unknown as TransactionWithMutations<T>,\n      })\n\n      this.setState(`completed`)\n      this.touchCollection()\n\n      this.isPersisted.resolve(this)\n    } catch (error) {\n      // Preserve the original error for rethrowing\n      const originalError =\n        error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error))\n\n      // Update transaction with error information\n      this.error = {\n        message: originalError.message,\n        error: originalError,\n      }\n\n      // rollback the transaction\n      this.rollback()\n\n      // Re-throw the original error to preserve identity and stack\n      throw originalError\n    }\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Compare two transactions by their createdAt time and sequence number in order\n   * to sort them in the order they were created.\n   * @param other - The other transaction to compare to\n   * @returns -1 if this transaction was created before the other, 1 if it was created after, 0 if they were created at the same time\n   */\n  compareCreatedAt(other: Transaction<any>): number {\n    const createdAtComparison =\n      this.createdAt.getTime() - other.createdAt.getTime()\n    if (createdAtComparison !== 0) {\n      return createdAtComparison\n    }\n    return this.sequenceNumber - other.sequenceNumber\n  }\n}\n\nexport type { Transaction 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package/dist/esm/types.d.ts

@@ -375,6 +375,19 @@ export interface BaseCollectionConfig<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>
 export interface CollectionConfig<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>, TKey extends string | number = string | number, TSchema extends StandardSchemaV1 = never> extends BaseCollectionConfig<T, TKey, TSchema> {
     sync: SyncConfig<T, TKey>;
 }
+export type SingleResult = {
+    singleResult: true;
+};
+export type NonSingleResult = {
+    singleResult?: never;
+};
+export type MaybeSingleResult = {
+    /**
+     * If enabled the collection will return a single object instead of an array
+     */
+    singleResult?: true;
+};
+export type CollectionConfigSingleRowOption<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>, TKey extends string | number = string | number, TSchema extends StandardSchemaV1 = never> = CollectionConfig<T, TKey, TSchema> & MaybeSingleResult;
 export type ChangesPayload<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>> = Array<ChangeMessage<T>>;
 /**
  * An input row from a collection

package/dist/esm/utils/btree.js

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ class BTree {
     } finally {
       let isShared;
       while (root.keys.length <= 1 && !root.isLeaf) {
-        isShared || (isShared = root.isShared);
+        isShared ||= root.isShared;
         this._root = root = root.keys.length === 0 ? EmptyLeaf : root.children[0];
       }
       if (isShared) {