@tanstack/db 0.4.15 → 0.4.17

package/dist/esm/strategies/throttleStrategy.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"throttleStrategy.js","sources":["../../../src/strategies/throttleStrategy.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { Throttler } from \"@tanstack/pacer/throttler\"\nimport type { ThrottleStrategy, ThrottleStrategyOptions } from \"./types\"\nimport type { Transaction } from \"../transactions\"\n\n/**\n * Creates a throttle strategy that ensures transactions are evenly spaced\n * over time.\n *\n * Provides smooth, controlled execution patterns ideal for UI updates like\n * sliders, progress bars, or scroll handlers where you want consistent\n * execution timing.\n *\n * @param options - Configuration for throttle behavior\n * @returns A throttle strategy instance\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * // Throttle slider updates to every 200ms\n * const mutate = usePacedMutations({\n *   onMutate: (volume) => {\n *     settingsCollection.update('volume', draft => { draft.value = volume })\n *   },\n *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {\n *     await api.updateVolume(transaction.mutations)\n *   },\n *   strategy: throttleStrategy({ wait: 200 })\n * })\n * ```\n *\n * @example\n * ```ts\n * // Throttle with leading and trailing execution\n * const mutate = usePacedMutations({\n *   onMutate: (data) => {\n *     collection.update(id, draft => { Object.assign(draft, data) })\n *   },\n *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {\n *     await api.save(transaction.mutations)\n *   },\n *   strategy: throttleStrategy({\n *     wait: 500,\n *     leading: true,\n *     trailing: true\n *   })\n * })\n * ```\n */\nexport function throttleStrategy(\n  options: ThrottleStrategyOptions\n): ThrottleStrategy {\n  const throttler = new Throttler(\n    (callback: () => Transaction) => callback(),\n    options\n  )\n\n  return {\n    _type: `throttle`,\n    options,\n    execute: <T extends object = Record<string, unknown>>(\n      fn: () => Transaction<T>\n    ) => {\n      throttler.maybeExecute(fn as () => Transaction)\n    },\n    cleanup: () => {\n      throttler.cancel()\n    },\n  }\n}\n"],"names":[],"mappings":";AA+CO,SAAS,iBACd,SACkB;AAClB,QAAM,YAAY,IAAI;AAAA,IACpB,CAAC,aAAgC,SAAA;AAAA,IACjC;AAAA,EAAA;AAGF,SAAO;AAAA,IACL,OAAO;AAAA,IACP;AAAA,IACA,SAAS,CACP,OACG;AACH,gBAAU,aAAa,EAAuB;AAAA,IAChD;AAAA,IACA,SAAS,MAAM;AACb,gBAAU,OAAA;AAAA,IACZ;AAAA,EAAA;AAEJ;"}

package/dist/esm/strategies/types.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import { Transaction } from '../transactions.js';
+/**
+ * Base strategy interface that all strategy implementations must conform to
+ */
+export interface BaseStrategy<TName extends string = string> {
+    /** Type discriminator for strategy identification */
+    _type: TName;
+    /**
+     * Execute a function according to the strategy's timing rules
+     * @param fn - The function to execute
+     * @returns The result of the function execution (if applicable)
+     */
+    execute: <T extends object = Record<string, unknown>>(fn: () => Transaction<T>) => void | Promise<void>;
+    /**
+     * Clean up any resources held by the strategy
+     * Should be called when the strategy is no longer needed
+     */
+    cleanup: () => void;
+}
+/**
+ * Options for debounce strategy
+ * Delays execution until after a period of inactivity
+ */
+export interface DebounceStrategyOptions {
+    /** Wait time in milliseconds before execution */
+    wait: number;
+    /** Execute immediately on the first call */
+    leading?: boolean;
+    /** Execute after the wait period on the last call */
+    trailing?: boolean;
+}
+/**
+ * Debounce strategy that delays execution until activity stops
+ */
+export interface DebounceStrategy extends BaseStrategy<`debounce`> {
+    options: DebounceStrategyOptions;
+}
+/**
+ * Options for queue strategy
+ * Processes all executions in order (FIFO/LIFO)
+ */
+export interface QueueStrategyOptions {
+    /** Wait time between processing queue items (milliseconds) */
+    wait?: number;
+    /** Maximum queue size (items are dropped if exceeded) */
+    maxSize?: number;
+    /** Where to add new items in the queue */
+    addItemsTo?: `front` | `back`;
+    /** Where to get items from when processing */
+    getItemsFrom?: `front` | `back`;
+}
+/**
+ * Queue strategy that processes all executions in order
+ * FIFO: { addItemsTo: 'back', getItemsFrom: 'front' }
+ * LIFO: { addItemsTo: 'back', getItemsFrom: 'back' }
+ */
+export interface QueueStrategy extends BaseStrategy<`queue`> {
+    options?: QueueStrategyOptions;
+}
+/**
+ * Options for throttle strategy
+ * Ensures executions are evenly spaced over time
+ */
+export interface ThrottleStrategyOptions {
+    /** Minimum wait time between executions (milliseconds) */
+    wait: number;
+    /** Execute immediately on the first call */
+    leading?: boolean;
+    /** Execute on the last call after wait period */
+    trailing?: boolean;
+}
+/**
+ * Throttle strategy that spaces executions evenly over time
+ */
+export interface ThrottleStrategy extends BaseStrategy<`throttle`> {
+    options: ThrottleStrategyOptions;
+}
+/**
+ * Options for batch strategy
+ * Groups multiple executions together
+ */
+export interface BatchStrategyOptions {
+    /** Maximum items per batch */
+    maxSize?: number;
+    /** Maximum wait time before processing batch (milliseconds) */
+    wait?: number;
+    /** Custom logic to determine when to execute batch */
+    getShouldExecute?: (items: Array<any>) => boolean;
+}
+/**
+ * Batch strategy that groups multiple executions together
+ */
+export interface BatchStrategy extends BaseStrategy<`batch`> {
+    options?: BatchStrategyOptions;
+}
+/**
+ * Union type of all available strategies
+ */
+export type Strategy = DebounceStrategy | QueueStrategy | ThrottleStrategy | BatchStrategy;
+/**
+ * Extract the options type from a strategy
+ */
+export type StrategyOptions<T extends Strategy> = T extends DebounceStrategy ? DebounceStrategyOptions : T extends QueueStrategy ? QueueStrategyOptions : T extends ThrottleStrategy ? ThrottleStrategyOptions : T extends BatchStrategy ? BatchStrategyOptions : never;

package/dist/esm/transactions.d.ts

@@ -83,7 +83,9 @@ declare class Transaction<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>> {
     setState(newState: TransactionState): void;
     /**
      * Execute collection operations within this transaction
-     * @param callback - Function containing collection operations to group together
+     * @param callback - Function containing collection operations to group together. If the
+     * callback returns a Promise, the transaction context will remain active until the promise
+     * settles, allowing optimistic writes after `await` boundaries.
      * @returns This transaction for chaining
      * @example
      * // Group multiple operations

package/dist/esm/transactions.js

@@ -101,7 +101,9 @@ class Transaction {
   }
   /**
    * Execute collection operations within this transaction
-   * @param callback - Function containing collection operations to group together
+   * @param callback - Function containing collection operations to group together. If the
+   * callback returns a Promise, the transaction context will remain active until the promise
+   * settles, allowing optimistic writes after `await` boundaries.
    * @returns This transaction for chaining
    * @example
    * // Group multiple operations

package/dist/esm/transactions.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"transactions.js","sources":["../../src/transactions.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { createDeferred } from \"./deferred\"\nimport {\n  MissingMutationFunctionError,\n  TransactionAlreadyCompletedRollbackError,\n  TransactionNotPendingCommitError,\n  TransactionNotPendingMutateError,\n} from \"./errors\"\nimport { transactionScopedScheduler } from \"./scheduler.js\"\nimport type { Deferred } from \"./deferred\"\nimport type {\n  MutationFn,\n  PendingMutation,\n  TransactionConfig,\n  TransactionState,\n  TransactionWithMutations,\n} from \"./types\"\n\nconst transactions: Array<Transaction<any>> = []\nlet transactionStack: Array<Transaction<any>> = []\n\nlet sequenceNumber = 0\n\n/**\n * Merges two pending mutations for the same item within a transaction\n *\n * Merge behavior truth table:\n * - (insert, update) → insert (merge changes, keep empty original)\n * - (insert, delete) → null (cancel both mutations)\n * - (update, delete) → delete (delete dominates)\n * - (update, update) → update (replace with latest, union changes)\n * - (delete, delete) → delete (replace with latest)\n * - (insert, insert) → insert (replace with latest)\n *\n * Note: (delete, update) and (delete, insert) should never occur as the collection\n * layer prevents operations on deleted items within the same transaction.\n *\n * @param existing - The existing mutation in the transaction\n * @param incoming - The new mutation being applied\n * @returns The merged mutation, or null if both should be removed\n */\nfunction mergePendingMutations<T extends object>(\n  existing: PendingMutation<T>,\n  incoming: PendingMutation<T>\n): PendingMutation<T> | null {\n  // Truth table implementation\n  switch (`${existing.type}-${incoming.type}` as const) {\n    case `insert-update`: {\n      // Update after insert: keep as insert but merge changes\n      // For insert-update, the key should remain the same since collections don't allow key changes\n      return {\n        ...existing,\n        type: `insert` as const,\n        original: {},\n        modified: incoming.modified,\n        changes: { ...existing.changes, ...incoming.changes },\n        // Keep existing keys (key changes not allowed in updates)\n        key: existing.key,\n        globalKey: existing.globalKey,\n        // Merge metadata (last-write-wins)\n        metadata: incoming.metadata ?? existing.metadata,\n        syncMetadata: { ...existing.syncMetadata, ...incoming.syncMetadata },\n        // Update tracking info\n        mutationId: incoming.mutationId,\n        updatedAt: incoming.updatedAt,\n      }\n    }\n\n    case `insert-delete`:\n      // Delete after insert: cancel both mutations\n      return null\n\n    case `update-delete`:\n      // Delete after update: delete dominates\n      return incoming\n\n    case `update-update`: {\n      // Update after update: replace with latest, union changes\n      return {\n        ...incoming,\n        // Keep original from first update\n        original: existing.original,\n        // Union the changes from both updates\n        changes: { ...existing.changes, ...incoming.changes },\n        // Merge metadata\n        metadata: incoming.metadata ?? existing.metadata,\n        syncMetadata: { ...existing.syncMetadata, ...incoming.syncMetadata },\n      }\n    }\n\n    case `delete-delete`:\n    case `insert-insert`:\n      // Same type: replace with latest\n      return incoming\n\n    default: {\n      // Exhaustiveness check\n      const _exhaustive: never = `${existing.type}-${incoming.type}` as never\n      throw new Error(`Unhandled mutation combination: ${_exhaustive}`)\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a new transaction for grouping multiple collection operations\n * @param config - Transaction configuration with mutation function\n * @returns A new Transaction instance\n * @example\n * // Basic transaction usage\n * const tx = createTransaction({\n *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {\n *     // Send all mutations to API\n *     await api.saveChanges(transaction.mutations)\n *   }\n * })\n *\n * tx.mutate(() => {\n *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n *   collection.update(\"2\", draft => { draft.completed = true })\n * })\n *\n * await tx.isPersisted.promise\n *\n * @example\n * // Handle transaction errors\n * try {\n *   const tx = createTransaction({\n *     mutationFn: async () => { throw new Error(\"API failed\") }\n *   })\n *\n *   tx.mutate(() => {\n *     collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"New item\" })\n *   })\n *\n *   await tx.isPersisted.promise\n * } catch (error) {\n *   console.log('Transaction failed:', error)\n * }\n *\n * @example\n * // Manual commit control\n * const tx = createTransaction({\n *   autoCommit: false,\n *   mutationFn: async () => {\n *     // API call\n *   }\n * })\n *\n * tx.mutate(() => {\n *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n * })\n *\n * // Commit later\n * await tx.commit()\n */\nexport function createTransaction<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>>(\n  config: TransactionConfig<T>\n): Transaction<T> {\n  const newTransaction = new Transaction<T>(config)\n  transactions.push(newTransaction)\n  return newTransaction\n}\n\n/**\n * Gets the currently active ambient transaction, if any\n * Used internally by collection operations to join existing transactions\n * @returns The active transaction or undefined if none is active\n * @example\n * // Check if operations will join an ambient transaction\n * const ambientTx = getActiveTransaction()\n * if (ambientTx) {\n *   console.log('Operations will join transaction:', ambientTx.id)\n * }\n */\nexport function getActiveTransaction(): Transaction | undefined {\n  if (transactionStack.length > 0) {\n    return transactionStack.slice(-1)[0]\n  } else {\n    return undefined\n  }\n}\n\nfunction registerTransaction(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  // Clear any stale work that may have been left behind if a previous mutate\n  // scope aborted before we could flush.\n  transactionScopedScheduler.clear(tx.id)\n  transactionStack.push(tx)\n}\n\nfunction unregisterTransaction(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  // Always flush pending work for this transaction before removing it from\n  // the ambient stack – this runs even if the mutate callback throws.\n  // If flush throws (e.g., due to a job error), we still clean up the stack.\n  try {\n    transactionScopedScheduler.flush(tx.id)\n  } finally {\n    transactionStack = transactionStack.filter((t) => t.id !== tx.id)\n  }\n}\n\nfunction removeFromPendingList(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  const index = transactions.findIndex((t) => t.id === tx.id)\n  if (index !== -1) {\n    transactions.splice(index, 1)\n  }\n}\n\nclass Transaction<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>> {\n  public id: string\n  public state: TransactionState\n  public mutationFn: MutationFn<T>\n  public mutations: Array<PendingMutation<T>>\n  public isPersisted: Deferred<Transaction<T>>\n  public autoCommit: boolean\n  public createdAt: Date\n  public sequenceNumber: number\n  public metadata: Record<string, unknown>\n  public error?: {\n    message: string\n    error: Error\n  }\n\n  constructor(config: TransactionConfig<T>) {\n    if (typeof config.mutationFn === `undefined`) {\n      throw new MissingMutationFunctionError()\n    }\n    this.id = config.id ?? crypto.randomUUID()\n    this.mutationFn = config.mutationFn\n    this.state = `pending`\n    this.mutations = []\n    this.isPersisted = createDeferred<Transaction<T>>()\n    this.autoCommit = config.autoCommit ?? true\n    this.createdAt = new Date()\n    this.sequenceNumber = sequenceNumber++\n    this.metadata = config.metadata ?? {}\n  }\n\n  setState(newState: TransactionState) {\n    this.state = newState\n\n    if (newState === `completed` || newState === `failed`) {\n      removeFromPendingList(this)\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute collection operations within this transaction\n   * @param callback - Function containing collection operations to group together\n   * @returns This transaction for chaining\n   * @example\n   * // Group multiple operations\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {\n   *   // Send to API\n   * }})\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   *   collection.update(\"2\", draft => { draft.completed = true })\n   *   collection.delete(\"3\")\n   * })\n   *\n   * await tx.isPersisted.promise\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle mutate errors\n   * try {\n   *   tx.mutate(() => {\n   *     collection.insert({ id: \"invalid\" }) // This might throw\n   *   })\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Mutation failed:', error)\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Manual commit control\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ autoCommit: false, mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * // Commit later when ready\n   * await tx.commit()\n   */\n  mutate(callback: () => void): Transaction<T> {\n    if (this.state !== `pending`) {\n      throw new TransactionNotPendingMutateError()\n    }\n\n    registerTransaction(this)\n    try {\n      callback()\n    } finally {\n      unregisterTransaction(this)\n    }\n\n    if (this.autoCommit) {\n      this.commit().catch(() => {\n        // Errors from autoCommit are handled via isPersisted.promise\n        // This catch prevents unhandled promise rejections\n      })\n    }\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Apply new mutations to this transaction, intelligently merging with existing mutations\n   *\n   * When mutations operate on the same item (same globalKey), they are merged according to\n   * the following rules:\n   *\n   * - **insert + update** → insert (merge changes, keep empty original)\n   * - **insert + delete** → removed (mutations cancel each other out)\n   * - **update + delete** → delete (delete dominates)\n   * - **update + update** → update (union changes, keep first original)\n   * - **same type** → replace with latest\n   *\n   * This merging reduces over-the-wire churn and keeps the optimistic local view\n   * aligned with user intent.\n   *\n   * @param mutations - Array of new mutations to apply\n   */\n  applyMutations(mutations: Array<PendingMutation<any>>): void {\n    for (const newMutation of mutations) {\n      const existingIndex = this.mutations.findIndex(\n        (m) => m.globalKey === newMutation.globalKey\n      )\n\n      if (existingIndex >= 0) {\n        const existingMutation = this.mutations[existingIndex]!\n        const mergeResult = mergePendingMutations(existingMutation, newMutation)\n\n        if (mergeResult === null) {\n          // Remove the mutation (e.g., delete after insert cancels both)\n          this.mutations.splice(existingIndex, 1)\n        } else {\n          // Replace with merged mutation\n          this.mutations[existingIndex] = mergeResult\n        }\n      } else {\n        // Insert new mutation\n        this.mutations.push(newMutation)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Rollback the transaction and any conflicting transactions\n   * @param config - Configuration for rollback behavior\n   * @returns This transaction for chaining\n   * @example\n   * // Manual rollback\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {\n   *   // Send to API\n   * }})\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * // Rollback if needed\n   * if (shouldCancel) {\n   *   tx.rollback()\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle rollback cascade (automatic)\n   * const tx1 = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   * const tx2 = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   *\n   * tx1.mutate(() => collection.update(\"1\", draft => { draft.value = \"A\" }))\n   * tx2.mutate(() => collection.update(\"1\", draft => { draft.value = \"B\" })) // Same item\n   *\n   * tx1.rollback() // This will also rollback tx2 due to conflict\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle rollback in error scenarios\n   * try {\n   *   await tx.isPersisted.promise\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Transaction was rolled back:', error)\n   *   // Transaction automatically rolled back on mutation function failure\n   * }\n   */\n  rollback(config?: { isSecondaryRollback?: boolean }): Transaction<T> {\n    const isSecondaryRollback = config?.isSecondaryRollback ?? false\n    if (this.state === `completed`) {\n      throw new TransactionAlreadyCompletedRollbackError()\n    }\n\n    this.setState(`failed`)\n\n    // See if there's any other transactions w/ mutations on the same ids\n    // and roll them back as well.\n    if (!isSecondaryRollback) {\n      const mutationIds = new Set()\n      this.mutations.forEach((m) => mutationIds.add(m.globalKey))\n      for (const t of transactions) {\n        t.state === `pending` &&\n          t.mutations.some((m) => mutationIds.has(m.globalKey)) &&\n          t.rollback({ isSecondaryRollback: true })\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Reject the promise\n    this.isPersisted.reject(this.error?.error)\n    this.touchCollection()\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  // Tell collection that something has changed with the transaction\n  touchCollection(): void {\n    const hasCalled = new Set()\n    for (const mutation of this.mutations) {\n      if (!hasCalled.has(mutation.collection.id)) {\n        mutation.collection._state.onTransactionStateChange()\n\n        // Only call commitPendingTransactions if there are pending sync transactions\n        if (mutation.collection._state.pendingSyncedTransactions.length > 0) {\n          mutation.collection._state.commitPendingTransactions()\n        }\n\n        hasCalled.add(mutation.collection.id)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Commit the transaction and execute the mutation function\n   * @returns Promise that resolves to this transaction when complete\n   * @example\n   * // Manual commit (when autoCommit is false)\n   * const tx = createTransaction({\n   *   autoCommit: false,\n   *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {\n   *     await api.saveChanges(transaction.mutations)\n   *   }\n   * })\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * await tx.commit() // Manually commit\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle commit errors\n   * try {\n   *   const tx = createTransaction({\n   *     mutationFn: async () => { throw new Error(\"API failed\") }\n   *   })\n   *\n   *   tx.mutate(() => {\n   *     collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n   *   })\n   *\n   *   await tx.commit()\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Commit failed, transaction rolled back:', error)\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Check transaction state after commit\n   * await tx.commit()\n   * console.log(tx.state) // \"completed\" or \"failed\"\n   */\n  async commit(): Promise<Transaction<T>> {\n    if (this.state !== `pending`) {\n      throw new TransactionNotPendingCommitError()\n    }\n\n    this.setState(`persisting`)\n\n    if (this.mutations.length === 0) {\n      this.setState(`completed`)\n      this.isPersisted.resolve(this)\n\n      return this\n    }\n\n    // Run mutationFn\n    try {\n      // At this point we know there's at least one mutation\n      // We've already verified mutations is non-empty, so this cast is safe\n      // Use a direct type assertion instead of object spreading to preserve the original type\n      await this.mutationFn({\n        transaction: this as unknown as TransactionWithMutations<T>,\n      })\n\n      this.setState(`completed`)\n      this.touchCollection()\n\n      this.isPersisted.resolve(this)\n    } catch (error) {\n      // Preserve the original error for rethrowing\n      const originalError =\n        error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error))\n\n      // Update transaction with error information\n      this.error = {\n        message: originalError.message,\n        error: originalError,\n      }\n\n      // rollback the transaction\n      this.rollback()\n\n      // Re-throw the original error to preserve identity and stack\n      throw originalError\n    }\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Compare two transactions by their createdAt time and sequence number in order\n   * to sort them in the order they were created.\n   * @param other - The other transaction to compare to\n   * @returns -1 if this transaction was created before the other, 1 if it was created after, 0 if they were created at the same time\n   */\n  compareCreatedAt(other: Transaction<any>): number {\n    const createdAtComparison =\n      this.createdAt.getTime() - other.createdAt.getTime()\n    if (createdAtComparison !== 0) {\n      return createdAtComparison\n    }\n    return this.sequenceNumber - other.sequenceNumber\n  }\n}\n\nexport type { Transaction 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+{"version":3,"file":"transactions.js","sources":["../../src/transactions.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { createDeferred } from \"./deferred\"\nimport \"./duplicate-instance-check\"\nimport {\n  MissingMutationFunctionError,\n  TransactionAlreadyCompletedRollbackError,\n  TransactionNotPendingCommitError,\n  TransactionNotPendingMutateError,\n} from \"./errors\"\nimport { transactionScopedScheduler } from \"./scheduler.js\"\nimport type { Deferred } from \"./deferred\"\nimport type {\n  MutationFn,\n  PendingMutation,\n  TransactionConfig,\n  TransactionState,\n  TransactionWithMutations,\n} from \"./types\"\n\nconst transactions: Array<Transaction<any>> = []\nlet transactionStack: Array<Transaction<any>> = []\n\nlet sequenceNumber = 0\n\n/**\n * Merges two pending mutations for the same item within a transaction\n *\n * Merge behavior truth table:\n * - (insert, update) → insert (merge changes, keep empty original)\n * - (insert, delete) → null (cancel both mutations)\n * - (update, delete) → delete (delete dominates)\n * - (update, update) → update (replace with latest, union changes)\n * - (delete, delete) → delete (replace with latest)\n * - (insert, insert) → insert (replace with latest)\n *\n * Note: (delete, update) and (delete, insert) should never occur as the collection\n * layer prevents operations on deleted items within the same transaction.\n *\n * @param existing - The existing mutation in the transaction\n * @param incoming - The new mutation being applied\n * @returns The merged mutation, or null if both should be removed\n */\nfunction mergePendingMutations<T extends object>(\n  existing: PendingMutation<T>,\n  incoming: PendingMutation<T>\n): PendingMutation<T> | null {\n  // Truth table implementation\n  switch (`${existing.type}-${incoming.type}` as const) {\n    case `insert-update`: {\n      // Update after insert: keep as insert but merge changes\n      // For insert-update, the key should remain the same since collections don't allow key changes\n      return {\n        ...existing,\n        type: `insert` as const,\n        original: {},\n        modified: incoming.modified,\n        changes: { ...existing.changes, ...incoming.changes },\n        // Keep existing keys (key changes not allowed in updates)\n        key: existing.key,\n        globalKey: existing.globalKey,\n        // Merge metadata (last-write-wins)\n        metadata: incoming.metadata ?? existing.metadata,\n        syncMetadata: { ...existing.syncMetadata, ...incoming.syncMetadata },\n        // Update tracking info\n        mutationId: incoming.mutationId,\n        updatedAt: incoming.updatedAt,\n      }\n    }\n\n    case `insert-delete`:\n      // Delete after insert: cancel both mutations\n      return null\n\n    case `update-delete`:\n      // Delete after update: delete dominates\n      return incoming\n\n    case `update-update`: {\n      // Update after update: replace with latest, union changes\n      return {\n        ...incoming,\n        // Keep original from first update\n        original: existing.original,\n        // Union the changes from both updates\n        changes: { ...existing.changes, ...incoming.changes },\n        // Merge metadata\n        metadata: incoming.metadata ?? existing.metadata,\n        syncMetadata: { ...existing.syncMetadata, ...incoming.syncMetadata },\n      }\n    }\n\n    case `delete-delete`:\n    case `insert-insert`:\n      // Same type: replace with latest\n      return incoming\n\n    default: {\n      // Exhaustiveness check\n      const _exhaustive: never = `${existing.type}-${incoming.type}` as never\n      throw new Error(`Unhandled mutation combination: ${_exhaustive}`)\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Creates a new transaction for grouping multiple collection operations\n * @param config - Transaction configuration with mutation function\n * @returns A new Transaction instance\n * @example\n * // Basic transaction usage\n * const tx = createTransaction({\n *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {\n *     // Send all mutations to API\n *     await api.saveChanges(transaction.mutations)\n *   }\n * })\n *\n * tx.mutate(() => {\n *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n *   collection.update(\"2\", draft => { draft.completed = true })\n * })\n *\n * await tx.isPersisted.promise\n *\n * @example\n * // Handle transaction errors\n * try {\n *   const tx = createTransaction({\n *     mutationFn: async () => { throw new Error(\"API failed\") }\n *   })\n *\n *   tx.mutate(() => {\n *     collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"New item\" })\n *   })\n *\n *   await tx.isPersisted.promise\n * } catch (error) {\n *   console.log('Transaction failed:', error)\n * }\n *\n * @example\n * // Manual commit control\n * const tx = createTransaction({\n *   autoCommit: false,\n *   mutationFn: async () => {\n *     // API call\n *   }\n * })\n *\n * tx.mutate(() => {\n *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n * })\n *\n * // Commit later\n * await tx.commit()\n */\nexport function createTransaction<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>>(\n  config: TransactionConfig<T>\n): Transaction<T> {\n  const newTransaction = new Transaction<T>(config)\n  transactions.push(newTransaction)\n  return newTransaction\n}\n\n/**\n * Gets the currently active ambient transaction, if any\n * Used internally by collection operations to join existing transactions\n * @returns The active transaction or undefined if none is active\n * @example\n * // Check if operations will join an ambient transaction\n * const ambientTx = getActiveTransaction()\n * if (ambientTx) {\n *   console.log('Operations will join transaction:', ambientTx.id)\n * }\n */\nexport function getActiveTransaction(): Transaction | undefined {\n  if (transactionStack.length > 0) {\n    return transactionStack.slice(-1)[0]\n  } else {\n    return undefined\n  }\n}\n\nfunction registerTransaction(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  // Clear any stale work that may have been left behind if a previous mutate\n  // scope aborted before we could flush.\n  transactionScopedScheduler.clear(tx.id)\n  transactionStack.push(tx)\n}\n\nfunction unregisterTransaction(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  // Always flush pending work for this transaction before removing it from\n  // the ambient stack – this runs even if the mutate callback throws.\n  // If flush throws (e.g., due to a job error), we still clean up the stack.\n  try {\n    transactionScopedScheduler.flush(tx.id)\n  } finally {\n    transactionStack = transactionStack.filter((t) => t.id !== tx.id)\n  }\n}\n\nfunction removeFromPendingList(tx: Transaction<any>) {\n  const index = transactions.findIndex((t) => t.id === tx.id)\n  if (index !== -1) {\n    transactions.splice(index, 1)\n  }\n}\n\nclass Transaction<T extends object = Record<string, unknown>> {\n  public id: string\n  public state: TransactionState\n  public mutationFn: MutationFn<T>\n  public mutations: Array<PendingMutation<T>>\n  public isPersisted: Deferred<Transaction<T>>\n  public autoCommit: boolean\n  public createdAt: Date\n  public sequenceNumber: number\n  public metadata: Record<string, unknown>\n  public error?: {\n    message: string\n    error: Error\n  }\n\n  constructor(config: TransactionConfig<T>) {\n    if (typeof config.mutationFn === `undefined`) {\n      throw new MissingMutationFunctionError()\n    }\n    this.id = config.id ?? crypto.randomUUID()\n    this.mutationFn = config.mutationFn\n    this.state = `pending`\n    this.mutations = []\n    this.isPersisted = createDeferred<Transaction<T>>()\n    this.autoCommit = config.autoCommit ?? true\n    this.createdAt = new Date()\n    this.sequenceNumber = sequenceNumber++\n    this.metadata = config.metadata ?? {}\n  }\n\n  setState(newState: TransactionState) {\n    this.state = newState\n\n    if (newState === `completed` || newState === `failed`) {\n      removeFromPendingList(this)\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute collection operations within this transaction\n   * @param callback - Function containing collection operations to group together. If the\n   * callback returns a Promise, the transaction context will remain active until the promise\n   * settles, allowing optimistic writes after `await` boundaries.\n   * @returns This transaction for chaining\n   * @example\n   * // Group multiple operations\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {\n   *   // Send to API\n   * }})\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   *   collection.update(\"2\", draft => { draft.completed = true })\n   *   collection.delete(\"3\")\n   * })\n   *\n   * await tx.isPersisted.promise\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle mutate errors\n   * try {\n   *   tx.mutate(() => {\n   *     collection.insert({ id: \"invalid\" }) // This might throw\n   *   })\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Mutation failed:', error)\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Manual commit control\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ autoCommit: false, mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * // Commit later when ready\n   * await tx.commit()\n   */\n  mutate(callback: () => void): Transaction<T> {\n    if (this.state !== `pending`) {\n      throw new TransactionNotPendingMutateError()\n    }\n\n    registerTransaction(this)\n\n    try {\n      callback()\n    } finally {\n      unregisterTransaction(this)\n    }\n\n    if (this.autoCommit) {\n      this.commit().catch(() => {\n        // Errors from autoCommit are handled via isPersisted.promise\n        // This catch prevents unhandled promise rejections\n      })\n    }\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Apply new mutations to this transaction, intelligently merging with existing mutations\n   *\n   * When mutations operate on the same item (same globalKey), they are merged according to\n   * the following rules:\n   *\n   * - **insert + update** → insert (merge changes, keep empty original)\n   * - **insert + delete** → removed (mutations cancel each other out)\n   * - **update + delete** → delete (delete dominates)\n   * - **update + update** → update (union changes, keep first original)\n   * - **same type** → replace with latest\n   *\n   * This merging reduces over-the-wire churn and keeps the optimistic local view\n   * aligned with user intent.\n   *\n   * @param mutations - Array of new mutations to apply\n   */\n  applyMutations(mutations: Array<PendingMutation<any>>): void {\n    for (const newMutation of mutations) {\n      const existingIndex = this.mutations.findIndex(\n        (m) => m.globalKey === newMutation.globalKey\n      )\n\n      if (existingIndex >= 0) {\n        const existingMutation = this.mutations[existingIndex]!\n        const mergeResult = mergePendingMutations(existingMutation, newMutation)\n\n        if (mergeResult === null) {\n          // Remove the mutation (e.g., delete after insert cancels both)\n          this.mutations.splice(existingIndex, 1)\n        } else {\n          // Replace with merged mutation\n          this.mutations[existingIndex] = mergeResult\n        }\n      } else {\n        // Insert new mutation\n        this.mutations.push(newMutation)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Rollback the transaction and any conflicting transactions\n   * @param config - Configuration for rollback behavior\n   * @returns This transaction for chaining\n   * @example\n   * // Manual rollback\n   * const tx = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {\n   *   // Send to API\n   * }})\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * // Rollback if needed\n   * if (shouldCancel) {\n   *   tx.rollback()\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle rollback cascade (automatic)\n   * const tx1 = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   * const tx2 = createTransaction({ mutationFn: async () => {} })\n   *\n   * tx1.mutate(() => collection.update(\"1\", draft => { draft.value = \"A\" }))\n   * tx2.mutate(() => collection.update(\"1\", draft => { draft.value = \"B\" })) // Same item\n   *\n   * tx1.rollback() // This will also rollback tx2 due to conflict\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle rollback in error scenarios\n   * try {\n   *   await tx.isPersisted.promise\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Transaction was rolled back:', error)\n   *   // Transaction automatically rolled back on mutation function failure\n   * }\n   */\n  rollback(config?: { isSecondaryRollback?: boolean }): Transaction<T> {\n    const isSecondaryRollback = config?.isSecondaryRollback ?? false\n    if (this.state === `completed`) {\n      throw new TransactionAlreadyCompletedRollbackError()\n    }\n\n    this.setState(`failed`)\n\n    // See if there's any other transactions w/ mutations on the same ids\n    // and roll them back as well.\n    if (!isSecondaryRollback) {\n      const mutationIds = new Set()\n      this.mutations.forEach((m) => mutationIds.add(m.globalKey))\n      for (const t of transactions) {\n        t.state === `pending` &&\n          t.mutations.some((m) => mutationIds.has(m.globalKey)) &&\n          t.rollback({ isSecondaryRollback: true })\n      }\n    }\n\n    // Reject the promise\n    this.isPersisted.reject(this.error?.error)\n    this.touchCollection()\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  // Tell collection that something has changed with the transaction\n  touchCollection(): void {\n    const hasCalled = new Set()\n    for (const mutation of this.mutations) {\n      if (!hasCalled.has(mutation.collection.id)) {\n        mutation.collection._state.onTransactionStateChange()\n\n        // Only call commitPendingTransactions if there are pending sync transactions\n        if (mutation.collection._state.pendingSyncedTransactions.length > 0) {\n          mutation.collection._state.commitPendingTransactions()\n        }\n\n        hasCalled.add(mutation.collection.id)\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Commit the transaction and execute the mutation function\n   * @returns Promise that resolves to this transaction when complete\n   * @example\n   * // Manual commit (when autoCommit is false)\n   * const tx = createTransaction({\n   *   autoCommit: false,\n   *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {\n   *     await api.saveChanges(transaction.mutations)\n   *   }\n   * })\n   *\n   * tx.mutate(() => {\n   *   collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Buy milk\" })\n   * })\n   *\n   * await tx.commit() // Manually commit\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Handle commit errors\n   * try {\n   *   const tx = createTransaction({\n   *     mutationFn: async () => { throw new Error(\"API failed\") }\n   *   })\n   *\n   *   tx.mutate(() => {\n   *     collection.insert({ id: \"1\", text: \"Item\" })\n   *   })\n   *\n   *   await tx.commit()\n   * } catch (error) {\n   *   console.log('Commit failed, transaction rolled back:', error)\n   * }\n   *\n   * @example\n   * // Check transaction state after commit\n   * await tx.commit()\n   * console.log(tx.state) // \"completed\" or \"failed\"\n   */\n  async commit(): Promise<Transaction<T>> {\n    if (this.state !== `pending`) {\n      throw new TransactionNotPendingCommitError()\n    }\n\n    this.setState(`persisting`)\n\n    if (this.mutations.length === 0) {\n      this.setState(`completed`)\n      this.isPersisted.resolve(this)\n\n      return this\n    }\n\n    // Run mutationFn\n    try {\n      // At this point we know there's at least one mutation\n      // We've already verified mutations is non-empty, so this cast is safe\n      // Use a direct type assertion instead of object spreading to preserve the original type\n      await this.mutationFn({\n        transaction: this as unknown as TransactionWithMutations<T>,\n      })\n\n      this.setState(`completed`)\n      this.touchCollection()\n\n      this.isPersisted.resolve(this)\n    } catch (error) {\n      // Preserve the original error for rethrowing\n      const originalError =\n        error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error))\n\n      // Update transaction with error information\n      this.error = {\n        message: originalError.message,\n        error: originalError,\n      }\n\n      // rollback the transaction\n      this.rollback()\n\n      // Re-throw the original error to preserve identity and stack\n      throw originalError\n    }\n\n    return this\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Compare two transactions by their createdAt time and sequence number in order\n   * to sort them in the order they were created.\n   * @param other - The other transaction to compare to\n   * @returns -1 if this transaction was created before the other, 1 if it was created after, 0 if they were created at the same time\n   */\n  compareCreatedAt(other: Transaction<any>): number {\n    const createdAtComparison =\n      this.createdAt.getTime() - other.createdAt.getTime()\n    if (createdAtComparison !== 0) {\n      return createdAtComparison\n    }\n    return this.sequenceNumber - other.sequenceNumber\n  }\n}\n\nexport type { Transaction 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package/dist/esm/utils/type-guards.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/**
+ * Type guard to check if a value is promise-like (has a `.then` method)
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns True if the value is promise-like, false otherwise
+ */
+export declare function isPromiseLike(value: unknown): value is PromiseLike<unknown>;

package/dist/esm/utils/type-guards.js

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+function isPromiseLike(value) {
+  return !!value && (typeof value === `object` || typeof value === `function`) && typeof value.then === `function`;
+}
+export {
+  isPromiseLike
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=type-guards.js.map

package/dist/esm/utils/type-guards.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"type-guards.js","sources":["../../../src/utils/type-guards.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Type guard to check if a value is promise-like (has a `.then` method)\n * @param value - The value to check\n * @returns True if the value is promise-like, false otherwise\n */\nexport function isPromiseLike(value: unknown): value is PromiseLike<unknown> {\n  return (\n    !!value &&\n    (typeof value === `object` || typeof value === `function`) &&\n    typeof (value as { then?: unknown }).then === `function`\n  )\n}\n"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAKO,SAAS,cAAc,OAA+C;AAC3E,SACE,CAAC,CAAC,UACD,OAAO,UAAU,YAAY,OAAO,UAAU,eAC/C,OAAQ,MAA6B,SAAS;AAElD;"}

package/package.json

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 {
   "name": "@tanstack/db",
   "description": "A reactive client store for building super fast apps on sync",
-  "version": "0.4.15",
+  "version": "0.4.17",
   "dependencies": {
     "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.0.0",
+    "@tanstack/pacer": "^0.1.0",
     "@tanstack/db-ivm": "0.1.12"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@
   "types": "dist/esm/index.d.ts",
   "scripts": {
     "build": "vite build",
+    "build:minified": "vite build --minify",
     "dev": "vite build --watch",
     "lint": "eslint . --fix",
     "test": "npx vitest --run"

package/src/duplicate-instance-check.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { DuplicateDbInstanceError } from "./errors"
+
+/**
+ * Check if we're in a browser top-level window (not a worker, SSR, or iframe).
+ * This helps avoid false positives in environments where multiple instances are legitimate.
+ */
+function isBrowserTopWindow(): boolean {
+  const w = (globalThis as any).window
+  // Exclude workers and SSR-ish shims
+  if (!w || !(`document` in w)) return false
+  // Avoid triggering inside iframes (cross-origin iframes can throw)
+  try {
+    return w === w.top
+  } catch {
+    return true // If we can't access w.top due to cross-origin, assume we should check
+  }
+}
+
+// Detect duplicate @tanstack/db instances (dev-only, browser top-window only)
+const DB_INSTANCE_MARKER = Symbol.for(`@tanstack/db/instance-marker`)
+const DEV =
+  typeof process !== `undefined` && process.env.NODE_ENV !== `production`
+const DISABLED =
+  typeof process !== `undefined` &&
+  process.env.TANSTACK_DB_DISABLE_DUP_CHECK === `1`
+
+if (DEV && !DISABLED && isBrowserTopWindow()) {
+  if ((globalThis as any)[DB_INSTANCE_MARKER]) {
+    throw new DuplicateDbInstanceError()
+  }
+  ;(globalThis as any)[DB_INSTANCE_MARKER] = true
+}

package/src/errors.ts

@@ -41,6 +41,32 @@ export class SchemaValidationError extends TanStackDBError {
   }
 }
 
+// Module Instance Errors
+export class DuplicateDbInstanceError extends TanStackDBError {
+  constructor() {
+    super(
+      `Multiple instances of @tanstack/db detected!\n\n` +
+        `This causes transaction context to be lost because each instance maintains ` +
+        `its own transaction stack.\n\n` +
+        `Common causes:\n` +
+        `1. Different versions of @tanstack/db installed\n` +
+        `2. Incompatible peer dependency versions in packages\n` +
+        `3. Module resolution issues in bundler configuration\n\n` +
+        `To fix:\n` +
+        `1. Check installed versions: npm list @tanstack/db (or pnpm/yarn list)\n` +
+        `2. Force a single version using package manager overrides:\n` +
+        `   - npm: "overrides" in package.json\n` +
+        `   - pnpm: "pnpm.overrides" in package.json\n` +
+        `   - yarn: "resolutions" in package.json\n` +
+        `3. Clear node_modules and lockfile, then reinstall\n\n` +
+        `To temporarily disable this check (not recommended):\n` +
+        `Set environment variable: TANSTACK_DB_DISABLE_DUP_CHECK=1\n\n` +
+        `See: https://tanstack.com/db/latest/docs/troubleshooting#duplicate-instances`
+    )
+    this.name = `DuplicateDbInstanceError`
+  }
+}
+
 // Collection Configuration Errors
 export class CollectionConfigurationError extends TanStackDBError {
   constructor(message: string) {
@@ -229,6 +255,15 @@ export class MissingMutationFunctionError extends TransactionError {
   }
 }
 
+export class OnMutateMustBeSynchronousError extends TransactionError {
+  constructor() {
+    super(
+      `onMutate must be synchronous and cannot return a promise. Remove async/await or returned promises from onMutate.`
+    )
+    this.name = `OnMutateMustBeSynchronousError`
+  }
+}
+
 export class TransactionNotPendingMutateError extends TransactionError {
   constructor() {
     super(

package/src/index.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ export * from "./optimistic-action"
 export * from "./local-only"
 export * from "./local-storage"
 export * from "./errors"
+export * from "./paced-mutations"
+export * from "./strategies/index.js"
 
 // Index system exports
 export * from "./indexes/base-index.js"

package/src/indexes/auto-index.ts

@@ -44,14 +44,25 @@ export function ensureIndexForField<
 
   // Create a new index for this field using the collection's createIndex method
   try {
-    collection.createIndex((row) => (row as any)[fieldName], {
-      name: `auto_${fieldName}`,
-      indexType: BTreeIndex,
-      options: compareFn ? { compareFn, compareOptions } : {},
-    })
+    // Use the proxy-based approach to create the proper accessor for nested paths
+    collection.createIndex(
+      (row) => {
+        // Navigate through the field path
+        let current: any = row
+        for (const part of fieldPath) {
+          current = current[part]
+        }
+        return current
+      },
+      {
+        name: `auto:${fieldPath.join(`.`)}`,
+        indexType: BTreeIndex,
+        options: compareFn ? { compareFn, compareOptions } : {},
+      }
+    )
   } catch (error) {
     console.warn(
-      `${collection.id ? `[${collection.id}] ` : ``}Failed to create auto-index for field "${fieldName}":`,
+      `${collection.id ? `[${collection.id}] ` : ``}Failed to create auto-index for field path "${fieldPath.join(`.`)}":`,
       error
     )
   }
@@ -108,7 +119,7 @@ function extractIndexableExpressions(
       return
     }
 
-    // Check if the first argument is a property reference (single field)
+    // Check if the first argument is a property reference
     if (func.args.length < 1 || func.args[0].type !== `ref`) {
       return
     }
@@ -116,12 +127,14 @@ function extractIndexableExpressions(
     const fieldRef = func.args[0]
     const fieldPath = fieldRef.path
 
-    // Skip if it's not a simple field (e.g., nested properties or array access)
-    if (fieldPath.length !== 1) {
+    // Skip if the path is empty
+    if (fieldPath.length === 0) {
       return
     }
 
-    const fieldName = fieldPath[0]
+    // For nested paths, use the full path joined with underscores as the field name
+    // For simple paths, use the first (and only) element
+    const fieldName = fieldPath.join(`_`)
     results.push({ fieldName, fieldPath })
   }
 

package/src/optimistic-action.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { createTransaction } from "./transactions"
+import { OnMutateMustBeSynchronousError } from "./errors"
+import { isPromiseLike } from "./utils/type-guards"
 import type { CreateOptimisticActionsOptions, Transaction } from "./types"
 
 /**
@@ -67,8 +69,11 @@ export function createOptimisticAction<TVariables = unknown>(
     // Execute the transaction. The mutationFn is called once mutate()
     // is finished.
     transaction.mutate(() => {
-      // Call onMutate with variables to apply optimistic updates
-      onMutate(variables)
+      const maybePromise = onMutate(variables) as unknown
+
+      if (isPromiseLike(maybePromise)) {
+        throw new OnMutateMustBeSynchronousError()
+      }
     })
 
     return transaction

package/src/paced-mutations.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+import { createTransaction } from "./transactions"
+import type { MutationFn, Transaction } from "./types"
+import type { Strategy } from "./strategies/types"
+
+/**
+ * Configuration for creating a paced mutations manager
+ */
+export interface PacedMutationsConfig<
+  TVariables = unknown,
+  T extends object = Record<string, unknown>,
+> {
+  /**
+   * Callback to apply optimistic updates immediately.
+   * Receives the variables passed to the mutate function.
+   */
+  onMutate: (variables: TVariables) => void
+  /**
+   * Function to execute the mutation on the server.
+   * Receives the transaction parameters containing all merged mutations.
+   */
+  mutationFn: MutationFn<T>
+  /**
+   * Strategy for controlling mutation execution timing
+   * Examples: debounceStrategy, queueStrategy, throttleStrategy
+   */
+  strategy: Strategy
+  /**
+   * Custom metadata to associate with transactions
+   */
+  metadata?: Record<string, unknown>
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a paced mutations manager with pluggable timing strategies.
+ *
+ * This function provides a way to control when and how optimistic mutations
+ * are persisted to the backend, using strategies like debouncing, queuing,
+ * or throttling. The optimistic updates are applied immediately via `onMutate`,
+ * and the actual persistence is controlled by the strategy.
+ *
+ * The returned function accepts variables of type TVariables and returns a
+ * Transaction object that can be awaited to know when persistence completes
+ * or to handle errors.
+ *
+ * @param config - Configuration including onMutate, mutationFn and strategy
+ * @returns A function that accepts variables and returns a Transaction
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Debounced mutations for auto-save
+ * const updateTodo = createPacedMutations<string>({
+ *   onMutate: (text) => {
+ *     // Apply optimistic update immediately
+ *     collection.update(id, draft => { draft.text = text })
+ *   },
+ *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {
+ *     await api.save(transaction.mutations)
+ *   },
+ *   strategy: debounceStrategy({ wait: 500 })
+ * })
+ *
+ * // Call with variables, returns a transaction
+ * const tx = updateTodo('New text')
+ *
+ * // Await persistence or handle errors
+ * await tx.isPersisted.promise
+ * ```
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * // Queue strategy for sequential processing
+ * const addTodo = createPacedMutations<{ text: string }>({
+ *   onMutate: ({ text }) => {
+ *     collection.insert({ id: uuid(), text, completed: false })
+ *   },
+ *   mutationFn: async ({ transaction }) => {
+ *     await api.save(transaction.mutations)
+ *   },
+ *   strategy: queueStrategy({
+ *     wait: 200,
+ *     addItemsTo: 'back',
+ *     getItemsFrom: 'front'
+ *   })
+ * })
+ * ```
+ */
+export function createPacedMutations<
+  TVariables = unknown,
+  T extends object = Record<string, unknown>,
+>(
+  config: PacedMutationsConfig<TVariables, T>
+): (variables: TVariables) => Transaction<T> {
+  const { onMutate, mutationFn, strategy, ...transactionConfig } = config
+
+  // The currently active transaction (pending, not yet persisting)
+  let activeTransaction: Transaction<T> | null = null
+
+  // Commit callback that the strategy will call when it's time to persist
+  const commitCallback = () => {
+    if (!activeTransaction) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Strategy callback called but no active transaction exists. This indicates a bug in the strategy implementation.`
+      )
+    }
+
+    if (activeTransaction.state !== `pending`) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Strategy callback called but active transaction is in state "${activeTransaction.state}". Expected "pending".`
+      )
+    }
+
+    const txToCommit = activeTransaction
+
+    // Clear active transaction reference before committing
+    activeTransaction = null
+
+    // Commit the transaction
+    txToCommit.commit().catch(() => {
+      // Errors are handled via transaction.isPersisted.promise
+      // This catch prevents unhandled promise rejections
+    })
+
+    return txToCommit
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Executes a mutation with the given variables. Creates a new transaction if none is active,
+   * or adds to the existing active transaction. The strategy controls when
+   * the transaction is actually committed.
+   */
+  function mutate(variables: TVariables): Transaction<T> {
+    // Create a new transaction if we don't have an active one
+    if (!activeTransaction || activeTransaction.state !== `pending`) {
+      activeTransaction = createTransaction<T>({
+        ...transactionConfig,
+        mutationFn,
+        autoCommit: false,
+      })
+    }
+
+    // Execute onMutate with variables to apply optimistic updates
+    activeTransaction.mutate(() => {
+      onMutate(variables)
+    })
+
+    // Save reference before calling strategy.execute
+    const txToReturn = activeTransaction
+
+    // For queue strategy, pass a function that commits the captured transaction
+    // This prevents the error when commitCallback tries to access the cleared activeTransaction
+    if (strategy._type === `queue`) {
+      const capturedTx = activeTransaction
+      activeTransaction = null // Clear so next mutation creates a new transaction
+      strategy.execute(() => {
+        capturedTx.commit().catch(() => {
+          // Errors are handled via transaction.isPersisted.promise
+        })
+        return capturedTx
+      })
+    } else {
+      // For debounce/throttle, use commitCallback which manages activeTransaction
+      strategy.execute(commitCallback)
+    }
+
+    return txToReturn
+  }
+
+  return mutate
+}