@tanstack/db-ivm 0.1.18 → 0.1.20

package/dist/esm/operators/groupBy.js

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ function groupBy(keyExtractor, aggregates = {}) {
     )
   );
   return (stream) => {
-    const KEY_SENTINEL = `__original_key__`;
+    const KEY_SENTINEL = /* @__PURE__ */ Symbol(`original_group_key`);
     const withKeysAndValues = stream.pipe(
       map((data) => {
         const key = keyExtractor(data);

package/dist/esm/operators/groupBy.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"groupBy.js","sources":["../../../src/operators/groupBy.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { serializeValue } from '../utils.js'\nimport { map } from './map.js'\nimport { reduce } from './reduce.js'\nimport type { IStreamBuilder, KeyValue } from '../types.js'\n\ntype GroupKey = Record<string, unknown>\n\ntype BasicAggregateFunction<T, R, V = unknown> = {\n  preMap: (data: T) => V\n  reduce: (values: Array<[V, number]>) => V\n  postMap?: (result: V) => R\n}\n\ntype PipedAggregateFunction<T, R> = {\n  pipe: (stream: IStreamBuilder<T>) => IStreamBuilder<KeyValue<string, R>>\n}\n\ntype AggregateFunction<T, R, V = unknown> =\n  | BasicAggregateFunction<T, R, V>\n  | PipedAggregateFunction<T, R>\n\ntype ExtractAggregateReturnType<T, A> =\n  A extends AggregateFunction<T, infer R, any> ? 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package/dist/esm/operators/topKArray.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { generateKeyBetween } from "fractional-indexing";
-import { compareKeys, binarySearch, diffHalfOpen } from "../utils.js";
+import { compareKeys, diffHalfOpen, binarySearch } from "../utils.js";
 function indexedValue(value, index) {
   return [value, index];
 }

package/dist/esm/utils.d.ts

@@ -58,8 +58,12 @@ export declare function diffHalfOpen(a: HRange, b: HRange): {
  */
 export declare function compareKeys(a: string | number, b: string | number): number;
 /**
- * Serializes a value for use as a key, handling BigInt and Date values that JSON.stringify cannot handle.
- * Uses JSON.stringify with a replacer function to convert BigInt values to strings and Date values to ISO strings.
- * This is used for creating string keys in groupBy operations.
+ * Serializes a supported query value into one canonical key.
+ *
+ * JSON's native encoding is not suitable for relation keys: it merges BigInt
+ * with strings when a replacer is used, merges NaN with null, drops undefined,
+ * and depends on object insertion order. Ordinary JSON values keep their
+ * established wire form. Values that need richer types use a reserved prefix
+ * plus a structural, type-tagged encoding.
  */
 export declare function serializeValue(value: unknown): string;

package/dist/esm/utils.js

@@ -105,6 +105,14 @@ function range(start, end) {
 }
 function compareKeys(a, b) {
   if (typeof a === typeof b) {
+    if (typeof a === `number` && typeof b === `number`) {
+      const aIsNaN = Number.isNaN(a);
+      const bIsNaN = Number.isNaN(b);
+      if (aIsNaN || bIsNaN) {
+        if (aIsNaN && bIsNaN) return 0;
+        return aIsNaN ? 1 : -1;
+      }
+    }
     if (a < b) return -1;
     if (a > b) return 1;
     return 0;
@@ -112,16 +120,133 @@ function compareKeys(a, b) {
   return typeof a === `string` ? -1 : 1;
 }
 function serializeValue(value) {
-  return JSON.stringify(value, (_, val) => {
-    if (typeof val === "bigint") {
-      return val.toString();
+  if (isJsonSafeStructuralValue(value, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set())) {
+    return JSON.stringify(toStableJsonValue(value));
+  }
+  return `~${JSON.stringify(toCanonicalValue(value, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set()))}`;
+}
+function isJsonSafeStructuralValue(value, ancestors) {
+  if (value === null) return true;
+  switch (typeof value) {
+    case `boolean`:
+    case `string`:
+      return true;
+    case `number`:
+      return Number.isFinite(value);
+    case `undefined`:
+    case `bigint`:
+    case `symbol`:
+    case `function`:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return withAcyclicValue(value, ancestors, () => {
+    if (value instanceof Date || value instanceof RegExp || value instanceof Uint8Array || value instanceof Map || value instanceof Set) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return Array.isArray(value) ? value.every((item) => isJsonSafeStructuralValue(item, ancestors)) : Object.keys(value).every(
+      (key) => isJsonSafeStructuralValue(
+        value[key],
+        ancestors
+      )
+    );
+  });
+}
+function toStableJsonValue(value) {
+  if (value === null || typeof value === `boolean` || typeof value === `number` || typeof value === `string`) {
+    return value;
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return value.map(toStableJsonValue);
+  }
+  return Object.fromEntries(
+    Object.keys(value).sort().map((key) => [
+      key,
+      toStableJsonValue(value[key])
+    ])
+  );
+}
+function toCanonicalValue(value, ancestors) {
+  if (value === void 0) return [`undefined`];
+  if (value === null) return [`null`];
+  switch (typeof value) {
+    case `boolean`:
+      return [`boolean`, value];
+    case `number`:
+      if (Number.isNaN(value)) return [`number`, `NaN`];
+      if (value === Infinity) return [`number`, `Infinity`];
+      if (value === -Infinity) return [`number`, `-Infinity`];
+      return [`number`, value === 0 ? 0 : value];
+    case `bigint`:
+      return [`bigint`, value.toString()];
+    case `string`:
+      return [`string`, value];
+    case `symbol`:
+    case `function`:
+      throw new TypeError(
+        `Cannot serialize ${typeof value} as a structural relation key`
+      );
+  }
+  return withAcyclicValue(value, ancestors, () => {
+    if (value instanceof Date) {
+      const timestamp = value.getTime();
+      return Number.isNaN(timestamp) ? [`date`, `Invalid`] : [`date`, timestamp];
+    }
+    if (value instanceof RegExp) {
+      return [`regexp`, value.source, value.flags];
+    }
+    if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {
+      return [`bytes`, Array.from(value)];
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+      return [`array`, value.map((item) => toCanonicalValue(item, ancestors))];
     }
-    if (val instanceof Date) {
-      return val.toISOString();
+    if (value instanceof Map) {
+      const entries2 = [...value.entries()].map(
+        ([key, entryValue]) => [
+          toCanonicalValue(key, ancestors),
+          toCanonicalValue(entryValue, ancestors)
+        ]
+      );
+      entries2.sort(
+        (left, right) => compareSerializedValues(JSON.stringify(left), JSON.stringify(right))
+      );
+      return [`map`, entries2];
     }
-    return val;
+    if (value instanceof Set) {
+      const entries2 = [...value].map(
+        (entry) => toCanonicalValue(entry, ancestors)
+      );
+      entries2.sort(
+        (left, right) => compareSerializedValues(JSON.stringify(left), JSON.stringify(right))
+      );
+      return [`set`, entries2];
+    }
+    const entries = Object.keys(value).sort().map(
+      (key) => [
+        key,
+        toCanonicalValue(
+          value[key],
+          ancestors
+        )
+      ]
+    );
+    return [`object`, entries];
   });
 }
+function compareSerializedValues(left, right) {
+  return left < right ? -1 : left > right ? 1 : 0;
+}
+function withAcyclicValue(value, ancestors, encode) {
+  if (ancestors.has(value)) {
+    throw new TypeError(`Cannot serialize a cyclic structural relation key`);
+  }
+  ancestors.add(value);
+  try {
+    return encode();
+  } finally {
+    ancestors.delete(value);
+  }
+}
 export {
   DefaultMap,
   ObjectIdGenerator,

package/dist/esm/utils.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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i < str.length; i++) {\n        const char = str.charCodeAt(i)\n        hashValue = (hashValue << 5) - hashValue + char\n        hashValue = hashValue & hashValue // Convert to 32-bit integer\n      }\n      return hashValue\n    }\n\n    // For objects, use WeakMap to assign unique IDs\n    if (!this.objectIds.has(value)) {\n      this.objectIds.set(value, this.nextId++)\n    }\n    return this.objectIds.get(value)!\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Get a string representation of the ID for use in composite keys.\n   */\n  getStringId(value: any): string {\n    if (value === null) return `null`\n    if (value === undefined) return `undefined`\n    if (typeof value !== `object`) return `str_${String(value)}`\n\n    return `obj_${this.getId(value)}`\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Global instance for cases where a shared object ID space is needed.\n */\nexport const globalObjectIdGenerator = new ObjectIdGenerator()\n\nexport function* concatIterable<T>(\n  ...iterables: Array<Iterable<T>>\n): Iterable<T> {\n  for (const iterable of iterables) {\n    yield* iterable\n  }\n}\n\nexport function* mapIterable<T, U>(\n  it: Iterable<T>,\n  fn: (t: T) => U,\n): Iterable<U> {\n  for (const t of it) {\n    yield fn(t)\n  }\n}\n\nexport type HRange = [number, number] // half-open [start, end[ i.e. end is exclusive\n\n/**\n * Computes the difference between two half-open ranges.\n * @param a - The first half-open range\n * @param b - The second half-open range\n * @returns The difference between the two ranges\n */\nexport function diffHalfOpen(a: HRange, b: HRange) {\n  const [a1, a2] = a\n  const [b1, b2] = b\n\n  // A \\ B can be up to two segments (left and right of the overlap)\n  const onlyInA: Array<number> = [\n    ...range(a1, Math.min(a2, b1)), // left side of A outside B\n    ...range(Math.max(a1, b2), a2), // right side of A outside B\n  ]\n\n  // B \\ A similarly\n  const onlyInB: Array<number> = [\n    ...range(b1, Math.min(b2, a1)),\n    ...range(Math.max(b1, a2), b2),\n  ]\n\n  return { onlyInA, onlyInB }\n}\n\nfunction range(start: number, end: number): Array<number> {\n  const out: Array<number> = []\n  for (let i = start; 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+{"version":3,"file":"utils.js","sources":["../../src/utils.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Simple assertion function for runtime checks.\n * Throws an error if the condition is false.\n */\nexport function assert(\n  condition: unknown,\n  message?: string,\n): asserts condition {\n  if (!condition) {\n    throw new Error(message || `Assertion failed`)\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * A map that returns a default value for keys that are not present.\n */\nexport class DefaultMap<K, V> extends Map<K, V> {\n  constructor(\n    private defaultValue: () => V,\n    entries?: Iterable<[K, V]>,\n  ) {\n    super(entries)\n  }\n\n  get(key: K): V {\n    if (!this.has(key)) {\n      // this.set(key, this.defaultValue())\n      return this.defaultValue()\n    }\n    return super.get(key)!\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Update the value for a key using a function.\n   */\n  update(key: K, updater: (value: V) => V): V {\n    const value = this.get(key)\n    const newValue = updater(value)\n    this.set(key, newValue)\n    return newValue\n  }\n}\n\n// JS engines have various limits on how many args can be passed to a function\n// with a spread operator, so we need to split the operation into chunks\n// 32767 is the max for Chrome 14, all others are higher\n// TODO: investigate the performance of this and other approaches\nconst chunkSize = 30000\nexport function chunkedArrayPush(array: Array<unknown>, other: Array<unknown>) {\n  if (other.length <= chunkSize) {\n    array.push(...other)\n  } else {\n    for (let i = 0; i < other.length; i += chunkSize) {\n      const chunk = other.slice(i, i + chunkSize)\n      array.push(...chunk)\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nexport function binarySearch<T>(\n  array: Array<T>,\n  value: T,\n  comparator: (a: T, b: T) => number,\n): number {\n  let low = 0\n  let high = array.length\n  while (low < high) {\n    const mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2)\n    const comparison = comparator(array[mid]!, value)\n    if (comparison < 0) {\n      low = mid + 1\n    } else if (comparison > 0) {\n      high = mid\n    } else {\n      return mid\n    }\n  }\n  return low\n}\n\n/**\n * Utility for generating unique IDs for objects and values.\n * Uses WeakMap for object reference tracking and consistent hashing for primitives.\n */\nexport class ObjectIdGenerator {\n  private objectIds = new WeakMap<object, number>()\n  private nextId = 0\n\n  /**\n   * Get a unique identifier for any value.\n   * - Objects: Uses WeakMap for reference-based identity\n   * - Primitives: Uses consistent string-based hashing\n   */\n  getId(value: any): number {\n    // For primitives, use a simple hash of their string representation\n    if (typeof value !== `object` || value === null) {\n      const str = String(value)\n      let hashValue = 0\n      for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {\n        const char = str.charCodeAt(i)\n        hashValue = (hashValue << 5) - hashValue + char\n        hashValue = hashValue & hashValue // Convert to 32-bit integer\n      }\n      return hashValue\n    }\n\n    // For objects, use WeakMap to assign unique IDs\n    if (!this.objectIds.has(value)) {\n      this.objectIds.set(value, this.nextId++)\n    }\n    return this.objectIds.get(value)!\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Get a string representation of the ID for use in composite keys.\n   */\n  getStringId(value: any): string {\n    if (value === null) return `null`\n    if (value === undefined) return `undefined`\n    if (typeof value !== `object`) return `str_${String(value)}`\n\n    return `obj_${this.getId(value)}`\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Global instance for cases where a shared object ID space is needed.\n */\nexport const globalObjectIdGenerator = new ObjectIdGenerator()\n\nexport function* concatIterable<T>(\n  ...iterables: Array<Iterable<T>>\n): Iterable<T> {\n  for (const iterable of iterables) {\n    yield* iterable\n  }\n}\n\nexport function* mapIterable<T, U>(\n  it: Iterable<T>,\n  fn: (t: T) => U,\n): Iterable<U> {\n  for (const t of it) {\n    yield fn(t)\n  }\n}\n\nexport type HRange = [number, number] // half-open [start, end[ i.e. end is exclusive\n\n/**\n * Computes the difference between two half-open ranges.\n * @param a - The first half-open range\n * @param b - The second half-open range\n * @returns The difference between the two ranges\n */\nexport function diffHalfOpen(a: HRange, b: HRange) {\n  const [a1, a2] = a\n  const [b1, b2] = b\n\n  // A \\ B can be up to two segments (left and right of the overlap)\n  const onlyInA: Array<number> = [\n    ...range(a1, Math.min(a2, b1)), // left side of A outside B\n    ...range(Math.max(a1, b2), a2), // right side of A outside B\n  ]\n\n  // B \\ A similarly\n  const onlyInB: Array<number> = [\n    ...range(b1, Math.min(b2, a1)),\n    ...range(Math.max(b1, a2), b2),\n  ]\n\n  return { onlyInA, onlyInB }\n}\n\nfunction range(start: number, end: number): Array<number> {\n  const out: Array<number> = []\n  for (let i = start; i < end; i++) out.push(i)\n  return out\n}\n\n/**\n * Compares two keys (string | number) in a consistent, deterministic way.\n * Handles mixed types by ordering strings before numbers.\n */\nexport function compareKeys(a: string | number, b: string | number): number {\n  // Same type: compare directly\n  if (typeof a === typeof b) {\n    if (typeof a === `number` && typeof b === `number`) {\n      const aIsNaN = Number.isNaN(a)\n      const bIsNaN = Number.isNaN(b)\n      if (aIsNaN || bIsNaN) {\n        if (aIsNaN && bIsNaN) return 0\n        return aIsNaN ? 1 : -1\n      }\n    }\n    if (a < b) return -1\n    if (a > b) return 1\n    return 0\n  }\n  // Different types: strings come before numbers\n  return typeof a === `string` ? -1 : 1\n}\n\ntype CanonicalValue =\n  | readonly [`undefined`]\n  | readonly [`null`]\n  | readonly [`boolean`, boolean]\n  | readonly [`number`, number | `NaN` | `Infinity` | `-Infinity`]\n  | readonly [`bigint`, string]\n  | readonly [`string`, string]\n  | readonly [`date`, number | `Invalid`]\n  | readonly [`regexp`, string, string]\n  | readonly [`bytes`, Array<number>]\n  | readonly [`array`, Array<CanonicalValue>]\n  | readonly [`map`, Array<readonly [CanonicalValue, CanonicalValue]>]\n  | readonly [`set`, Array<CanonicalValue>]\n  | readonly [`object`, Array<readonly [string, CanonicalValue]>]\n\n/**\n * Serializes a supported query value into one canonical key.\n *\n * JSON's native encoding is not suitable for relation keys: it merges BigInt\n * with strings when a replacer is used, merges NaN with null, drops undefined,\n * and depends on object insertion order. Ordinary JSON values keep their\n * established wire form. Values that need richer types use a reserved prefix\n * plus a structural, type-tagged encoding.\n */\nexport function serializeValue(value: unknown): string {\n  if (isJsonSafeStructuralValue(value, new Set())) {\n    return JSON.stringify(toStableJsonValue(value))\n  }\n\n  return `~${JSON.stringify(toCanonicalValue(value, new Set()))}`\n}\n\ntype JsonValue =\n  | null\n  | boolean\n  | number\n  | string\n  | Array<JsonValue>\n  | { [key: string]: JsonValue }\n\nfunction isJsonSafeStructuralValue(\n  value: unknown,\n  ancestors: Set<object>,\n): boolean {\n  if (value === null) return true\n\n  switch (typeof value) {\n    case `boolean`:\n    case `string`:\n      return true\n    case `number`:\n      return Number.isFinite(value)\n    case `undefined`:\n    case `bigint`:\n    case `symbol`:\n    case `function`:\n      return false\n  }\n\n  return withAcyclicValue(value, ancestors, () => {\n    if (\n      value instanceof Date ||\n      value instanceof RegExp ||\n      value instanceof Uint8Array ||\n      value instanceof Map ||\n      value instanceof Set\n    ) {\n      return false\n    }\n\n    return Array.isArray(value)\n      ? value.every((item) => isJsonSafeStructuralValue(item, ancestors))\n      : Object.keys(value).every((key) =>\n          isJsonSafeStructuralValue(\n            (value as Record<string, unknown>)[key],\n            ancestors,\n          ),\n        )\n  })\n}\n\nfunction toStableJsonValue(value: unknown): JsonValue {\n  if (\n    value === null ||\n    typeof value === `boolean` ||\n    typeof value === `number` ||\n    typeof value === `string`\n  ) {\n    return value\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(value)) {\n    return value.map(toStableJsonValue)\n  }\n\n  return Object.fromEntries(\n    Object.keys(value as object)\n      .sort()\n      .map((key) => [\n        key,\n        toStableJsonValue((value as Record<string, unknown>)[key]),\n      ]),\n  )\n}\n\nfunction toCanonicalValue(\n  value: unknown,\n  ancestors: Set<object>,\n): CanonicalValue {\n  if (value === undefined) return [`undefined`]\n  if (value === null) return [`null`]\n\n  switch (typeof value) {\n    case `boolean`:\n      return [`boolean`, value]\n    case `number`:\n      if (Number.isNaN(value)) return [`number`, `NaN`]\n      if (value === Infinity) return [`number`, `Infinity`]\n      if (value === -Infinity) return [`number`, `-Infinity`]\n      return [`number`, value === 0 ? 0 : value]\n    case `bigint`:\n      return [`bigint`, value.toString()]\n    case `string`:\n      return [`string`, value]\n    case `symbol`:\n    case `function`:\n      throw new TypeError(\n        `Cannot serialize ${typeof value} as a structural relation key`,\n      )\n  }\n\n  return withAcyclicValue(value, ancestors, () => {\n    if (value instanceof Date) {\n      const timestamp = value.getTime()\n      return Number.isNaN(timestamp)\n        ? ([`date`, `Invalid`] as const)\n        : ([`date`, timestamp] as const)\n    }\n\n    if (value instanceof RegExp) {\n      return [`regexp`, value.source, value.flags]\n    }\n\n    if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {\n      return [`bytes`, Array.from(value)]\n    }\n\n    if (Array.isArray(value)) {\n      return [`array`, value.map((item) => toCanonicalValue(item, ancestors))]\n    }\n\n    if (value instanceof Map) {\n      const entries = [...value.entries()].map(\n        ([key, entryValue]) =>\n          [\n            toCanonicalValue(key, ancestors),\n            toCanonicalValue(entryValue, ancestors),\n          ] as const,\n      )\n      entries.sort((left, right) =>\n        compareSerializedValues(JSON.stringify(left), JSON.stringify(right)),\n      )\n      return [`map`, entries]\n    }\n\n    if (value instanceof Set) {\n      const entries = [...value].map((entry) =>\n        toCanonicalValue(entry, ancestors),\n      )\n      entries.sort((left, right) =>\n        compareSerializedValues(JSON.stringify(left), JSON.stringify(right)),\n      )\n      return [`set`, entries]\n    }\n\n    const entries = Object.keys(value)\n      .sort()\n      .map(\n        (key) =>\n          [\n            key,\n            toCanonicalValue(\n              (value as Record<string, unknown>)[key],\n              ancestors,\n            ),\n          ] as const,\n      )\n    return [`object`, entries]\n  })\n}\n\nfunction compareSerializedValues(left: string, right: string): number {\n  return left < right ? -1 : left > right ? 1 : 0\n}\n\nfunction withAcyclicValue<T>(\n  value: object,\n  ancestors: Set<object>,\n  encode: () => T,\n): T {\n  if (ancestors.has(value)) {\n    throw new TypeError(`Cannot serialize a cyclic structural relation key`)\n  }\n\n  ancestors.add(value)\n  try {\n    return encode()\n  } finally {\n    ancestors.delete(value)\n  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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@tanstack/db-ivm",
-  "version": "0.1.18",
+  "version": "0.1.20",
   "description": "Incremental View Maintenance for TanStack DB based on Differential Dataflow",
   "author": "Sam Willis",
   "license": "MIT",
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
     "build": "vite build",
     "dev": "vite build --watch",
     "lint": "eslint . --fix",
-    "test": "vitest --run"
+    "test": "vitest --run",
+    "bench:hash": "vitest bench --run tests/hash.bench.ts --coverage.enabled=false"
   }
 }

package/src/hashing/hash.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { MurmurHashStream, randomHash } from './murmur.js'
+import { MurmurHashStream, getSymbolIdentity, randomHash } from './murmur.js'
 import type { Hasher } from './murmur.js'
 
 /*
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ const MAP_MARKER = randomHash()
 const SET_MARKER = randomHash()
 const UINT8ARRAY_MARKER = randomHash()
 const TEMPORAL_MARKER = randomHash()
+// Bound structural recursion and value visits. Shared acyclic subtrees are
+// cached; cycles are rejected rather than given context-dependent hashes.
+const MAX_STRUCTURAL_HASH_WORK = 1_000_000
+const MAX_STRUCTURAL_HASH_DEPTH = 768
 
 const temporalTypes = new Set([
   `Temporal.Duration`,
@@ -48,63 +52,65 @@ const UINT8ARRAY_CONTENT_HASH_THRESHOLD = 128
 
 const hashCache = new WeakMap<object, number>()
 
+/** @internal Register a mutable handle before it enters a structural value. */
+export function registerOpaqueHash(value: object): void {
+  cachedReferenceHash(value)
+}
+
+type HashContext = {
+  activeObjects: Set<object>
+  work: number
+  pendingHashes: Map<object, number>
+}
+
 export function hash(input: any): number {
   const hasher = new MurmurHashStream()
   updateHasher(hasher, input)
   return hasher.digest()
 }
 
-function hashObject(input: object): number {
-  const cachedHash = hashCache.get(input)
-  if (cachedHash !== undefined) {
-    return cachedHash
+function hashObject(input: object, context: HashContext): number {
+  if (context.activeObjects.size >= MAX_STRUCTURAL_HASH_DEPTH) {
+    throw new RangeError(
+      `Value is too complex to hash safely: structural depth`,
+    )
   }
 
+  context.activeObjects.add(input)
+
   let valueHash: number | undefined
-  if (input instanceof Date) {
-    valueHash = hashDate(input)
-  } else if (
-    // Check if input is a Uint8Array or Buffer
-    (typeof Buffer !== `undefined` && input instanceof Buffer) ||
-    input instanceof Uint8Array
-  ) {
-    // For small Uint8Arrays/Buffers (e.g., ULIDs, UUIDs), hash by content
-    // to enable proper equality comparisons. For large arrays, hash by reference
-    // to avoid performance costs.
-    if (input.byteLength <= UINT8ARRAY_CONTENT_HASH_THRESHOLD) {
+  try {
+    if (input instanceof Date) {
+      valueHash = hashDate(input)
+    } else if (isBinaryValue(input)) {
       valueHash = hashUint8Array(input)
+    } else if (isTemporal(input)) {
+      valueHash = hashTemporal(input)
     } else {
-      // Deeply hashing large arrays would be too costly
-      // so we track them by reference and cache them in a weak map
-      return cachedReferenceHash(input)
-    }
-  } else if (input instanceof File) {
-    // Files are always hashed by reference due to their potentially large size
-    return cachedReferenceHash(input)
-  } else if (isTemporal(input)) {
-    valueHash = hashTemporal(input)
-  } else {
-    let plainObjectInput = input
-    let marker = OBJECT_MARKER
-
-    if (input instanceof Array) {
-      marker = ARRAY_MARKER
-    }
+      let plainObjectInput = input
+      let marker = OBJECT_MARKER
 
-    if (input instanceof Map) {
-      marker = MAP_MARKER
-      plainObjectInput = [...input.entries()]
-    }
+      if (input instanceof Array) {
+        marker = ARRAY_MARKER
+      }
 
-    if (input instanceof Set) {
-      marker = SET_MARKER
-      plainObjectInput = [...input.entries()]
-    }
+      if (input instanceof Map) {
+        marker = MAP_MARKER
+        plainObjectInput = [...input.entries()]
+      }
 
-    valueHash = hashPlainObject(plainObjectInput, marker)
+      if (input instanceof Set) {
+        marker = SET_MARKER
+        plainObjectInput = [...input.entries()]
+      }
+
+      valueHash = hashPlainObject(plainObjectInput, marker, context)
+    }
+  } finally {
+    context.activeObjects.delete(input)
   }
 
-  hashCache.set(input, valueHash)
+  context.pendingHashes.set(input, valueHash)
   return valueHash
 }
 
@@ -135,7 +141,11 @@ function hashTemporal(input: TemporalLike): number {
   return hasher.digest()
 }
 
-function hashPlainObject(input: object, marker: number): number {
+function hashPlainObject(
+  input: object,
+  marker: number,
+  context: HashContext,
+): number {
   const hasher = new MurmurHashStream()
 
   // Mark the type of the input
@@ -145,13 +155,28 @@ function hashPlainObject(input: object, marker: number): number {
   for (const key of keys) {
     hasher.update(KEY)
     hasher.update(key)
-    updateHasher(hasher, input[key as keyof typeof input])
+    updateHasher(hasher, input[key as keyof typeof input], context)
+  }
+  const symbolKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(input)
+    .filter((key) => Object.prototype.propertyIsEnumerable.call(input, key))
+    .sort((left, right) => getSymbolIdentity(left) - getSymbolIdentity(right))
+  for (const key of symbolKeys) {
+    hasher.update(KEY)
+    hasher.update(key)
+    updateHasher(hasher, input[key as keyof typeof input], context)
   }
 
   return hasher.digest()
 }
 
-function updateHasher(hasher: Hasher, input: unknown): void {
+function updateHasher(
+  hasher: Hasher,
+  input: unknown,
+  context?: HashContext,
+): void {
+  if (context && ++context.work > MAX_STRUCTURAL_HASH_WORK) {
+    throw new RangeError(`Value is too complex to hash safely: structural work`)
+  }
   if (input === null) {
     hasher.update(NULL)
     return
@@ -173,7 +198,7 @@ function updateHasher(hasher: Hasher, input: unknown): void {
       hasher.update(input)
       return
     case `object`:
-      hasher.update(getCachedHash(input))
+      hasher.update(getCachedHash(input, context))
       return
     case `function`:
       // Functions are assigned a globally unique ID
@@ -187,12 +212,53 @@ function updateHasher(hasher: Hasher, input: unknown): void {
   }
 }
 
-function getCachedHash(input: object): number {
-  let valueHash = hashCache.get(input)
-  if (valueHash === undefined) {
-    valueHash = hashObject(input)
+function getCachedHash(input: object, context?: HashContext): number {
+  if (!context) {
+    const cached = hashCache.get(input)
+    if (cached !== undefined) return cached
+    if (isReferenceHashedObject(input)) return cachedReferenceHash(input)
+
+    // Only an uncached structural root needs graph traversal state. Commit its
+    // cache entries after success so a failed traversal cannot poison retries.
+    context = {
+      activeObjects: new Set(),
+      work: 0,
+      pendingHashes: new Map(),
+    }
+    const result = hashObject(input, context)
+    for (const [object, valueHash] of context.pendingHashes) {
+      hashCache.set(object, valueHash)
+    }
+    return result
   }
-  return valueHash
+
+  if (context.activeObjects.has(input)) {
+    throw new TypeError(`Cannot hash cyclic structural values`)
+  }
+
+  // Opaque leaves cannot contain structural back-references. Resolve them
+  // before entering structural recursion, even when they have user properties.
+  if (isReferenceHashedObject(input)) return cachedReferenceHash(input)
+
+  const valueHash = hashCache.get(input) ?? context.pendingHashes.get(input)
+  if (valueHash !== undefined) return valueHash
+
+  return hashObject(input, context)
+}
+
+function isReferenceHashedObject(input: object): boolean {
+  return (
+    input instanceof File ||
+    (isBinaryValue(input) &&
+      input.byteLength > UINT8ARRAY_CONTENT_HASH_THRESHOLD)
+  )
+}
+
+function isBinaryValue(input: object): input is Uint8Array {
+  return (
+    (typeof Buffer !== `undefined` && input instanceof Buffer) ||
+    input instanceof Uint8Array
+  )
 }
 
 let nextRefId = 1

package/src/hashing/murmur.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,49 @@ const BIG_INT_MARKER = randomHash()
 const NEG_BIG_INT_MARKER = randomHash()
 const SYMBOL_MARKER = randomHash()
 
+type SymbolIdStore = {
+  get: (key: symbol) => number | undefined
+  set: (key: symbol, value: number) => unknown
+}
+
+const symbolIds = createSymbolIdStore()
+const registeredSymbolIds = new Map<string, number>()
+let nextSymbolId = 0
+
+export function getSymbolIdentity(symbol: symbol): number {
+  const registeredKey = Symbol.keyFor(symbol)
+  if (registeredKey !== undefined) {
+    let id = registeredSymbolIds.get(registeredKey)
+    if (id === undefined) {
+      id = ++nextSymbolId
+      registeredSymbolIds.set(registeredKey, id)
+    }
+    return id
+  }
+
+  let id = symbolIds.get(symbol)
+  if (id === undefined) {
+    id = ++nextSymbolId
+    symbolIds.set(symbol, id)
+  }
+  return id
+}
+
+function createSymbolIdStore(): SymbolIdStore {
+  const weakIds = new WeakMap<object, number>() as unknown as SymbolIdStore
+  const probe = Symbol()
+
+  try {
+    weakIds.set(probe, 0)
+    if (weakIds.get(probe) === 0) return weakIds
+  } catch {
+    // Older runtimes reject symbols as weak keys. Retain them rather than
+    // merge distinct symbols and corrupt differential state.
+  }
+
+  return new Map<symbol, number>()
+}
+
 export type Hash = number
 
 export function randomHash() {
@@ -67,16 +110,7 @@ export class MurmurHashStream implements Hasher {
     switch (typeof chunk) {
       case `symbol`: {
         this.update(SYMBOL_MARKER)
-        const description = chunk.description
-        if (!description) {
-          return
-        }
-
-        for (let i = 0; i < description.length; i++) {
-          const code = description.charCodeAt(i)
-          this.writeByte(code & 0xff)
-          this.writeByte((code >>> 8) & 0xff)
-        }
+        this.update(getSymbolIdentity(chunk))
         return
       }
       case `string`:

package/src/index.ts

@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ export * from './multiset.js'
 export * from './operators/index.js'
 export * from './types.js'
 export { compareKeys, serializeValue } from './utils.js'
+export { registerOpaqueHash } from './hashing/hash.js'