@tanstack/ai 0.32.0 → 0.33.0

package/dist/esm/middlewares/otel.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"otel.js","sources":["../../../src/middlewares/otel.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import {\n  SpanKind,\n  SpanStatusCode,\n  context as otelContext,\n  trace as otelTrace,\n} from '@opentelemetry/api'\nimport {\n  MAX_TOKENS_KEYS,\n  NESTED_MAX_TOKENS_KEY,\n} from '../utilities/sampling-keys'\nimport type {\n  AttributeValue,\n  Exception,\n  Meter,\n  Span,\n  SpanOptions,\n  Tracer,\n} from '@opentelemetry/api'\nimport type {\n  ChatMiddleware,\n  ChatMiddlewareContext,\n} from '../activities/chat/middleware/types'\nimport type { TokenUsage } from '../types'\n\n/**\n * Scope (role) of an OTel span emitted by this middleware.\n *\n * - `chat` — the root span for a single `chat()` call\n * - `iteration` — one per agent-loop iteration (one model call)\n * - `tool` — one per tool execution inside an iteration\n */\nexport type OtelSpanScope = 'chat' | 'iteration' | 'tool'\n\n/**\n * Alias retained for backwards compatibility. Prefer {@link OtelSpanScope}.\n *\n * @deprecated Use `OtelSpanScope` instead — the name shadows OTel's built-in\n * `SpanKind` which is also imported by integrations of this middleware.\n */\nexport type OtelSpanKind = OtelSpanScope\n\n/**\n * Span metadata passed to `spanNameFormatter`, `attributeEnricher`,\n * `onBeforeSpanStart`, and `onSpanEnd`. Discriminated by `kind` so that\n * tool-only fields narrow automatically inside callback bodies.\n */\nexport type OtelSpanInfo<TScope extends OtelSpanScope = OtelSpanScope> =\n  TScope extends 'chat'\n    ? { kind: 'chat'; ctx: ChatMiddlewareContext }\n    : TScope extends 'iteration'\n      ? { kind: 'iteration'; ctx: ChatMiddlewareContext; iteration: number }\n      : TScope extends 'tool'\n        ? {\n            kind: 'tool'\n            ctx: ChatMiddlewareContext\n            iteration: number\n            toolName: string\n            toolCallId: string\n          }\n        : never\n\nexport interface OtelMiddlewareOptions {\n  /** OTel `Tracer` used to start root, iteration, and tool spans. */\n  tracer: Tracer\n  /**\n   * Optional OTel `Meter`. When provided, the middleware records\n   * `gen_ai.client.operation.duration` and `gen_ai.client.token.usage`\n   * histograms. Omit to disable metrics without disabling tracing.\n   */\n  meter?: Meter\n  /**\n   * When `true`, prompt and completion content is attached to iteration spans\n   * as `gen_ai.*.message` / `gen_ai.choice` events. Defaults to `false` so\n   * that PII never lands on a span by accident.\n   */\n  captureContent?: boolean\n  /**\n   * Invoked on every captured content string before it lands on a span.\n   * Return a redacted version. If this function throws, the middleware emits\n   * the literal sentinel `\"[redaction_failed]\"` instead of the original text\n   * — it never falls back to raw content.\n   */\n  redact?: (text: string) => string\n  /**\n   * Maximum characters kept in the per-iteration assistant text buffer used\n   * to emit `gen_ai.choice` events. Extra characters are truncated with a\n   * trailing `\"…\"` marker. Defaults to 100 000. Set to `0` to disable the\n   * cap. Exporters typically truncate long attribute values anyway.\n   */\n  maxContentLength?: number\n  /** Override the default span name for each `kind`. */\n  spanNameFormatter?: (info: OtelSpanInfo) => string\n  /** Add extra attributes to each span. */\n  attributeEnricher?: (info: OtelSpanInfo) => Record<string, AttributeValue>\n  /** Mutate `SpanOptions` immediately before `tracer.startSpan(...)`. */\n  onBeforeSpanStart?: (info: OtelSpanInfo, options: SpanOptions) => SpanOptions\n  /** Fires just before every `span.end()`. */\n  onSpanEnd?: (info: OtelSpanInfo, span: Span) => void\n}\n\ninterface RequestState {\n  rootSpan: Span\n  currentIterationSpan: Span | null\n  toolSpans: Map<string, { span: Span; toolName: string }>\n  iterationCount: number\n  assistantTextBuffer: string\n  assistantTextBufferTruncated: boolean\n  startTime: number\n}\n\nconst stateByCtx = new WeakMap<ChatMiddlewareContext, RequestState>()\n\nconst DEFAULT_MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = 100_000\nconst REDACTION_FAILED_SENTINEL = '[redaction_failed]'\n\nfunction serializeContent(content: unknown): string {\n  if (typeof content === 'string') return content\n  if (!Array.isArray(content)) return ''\n  const parts: Array<string> = []\n  for (const part of content) {\n    if (!part || typeof part !== 'object') continue\n    const type = (part as { type?: string }).type\n    switch (type) {\n      case 'text':\n        parts.push(\n          (\n            (part as { text?: string }).text ??\n            (part as { content?: string }).content ??\n            ''\n          ).toString(),\n        )\n        break\n      case 'image':\n        parts.push('[image]')\n        break\n      case 'audio':\n        parts.push('[audio]')\n        break\n      case 'video':\n        parts.push('[video]')\n        break\n      case 'document':\n        parts.push('[document]')\n        break\n      case undefined:\n        parts.push('[unknown]')\n        break\n      default:\n        parts.push(`[${type}]`)\n    }\n  }\n  return parts.join(' ')\n}\n\nfunction messageEventName(role: string): string {\n  switch (role) {\n    case 'user':\n      return 'gen_ai.user.message'\n    case 'assistant':\n      return 'gen_ai.assistant.message'\n    case 'tool':\n      return 'gen_ai.tool.message'\n    case 'system':\n      return 'gen_ai.system.message'\n    default:\n      return `gen_ai.${role}.message`\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Return the first candidate that is a finite `number`, or `undefined`. Used to\n * pick a sampling attribute from among the several provider-native spellings.\n */\nfunction firstNumber(...candidates: Array<unknown>): number | undefined {\n  for (const candidate of candidates) {\n    if (typeof candidate === 'number' && Number.isFinite(candidate)) {\n      return candidate\n    }\n  }\n  return undefined\n}\n\n/**\n * Build the full set of `gen_ai.usage.*` span attributes from a `TokenUsage`.\n *\n * Beyond input/output tokens, this emits provider-reported cost, total tokens,\n * cache and reasoning breakdowns, and duration-based billing — every field is\n * guarded so spans stay clean when a provider doesn't report it. Cache and\n * reasoning use the official GenAI semconv names; `gen_ai.usage.cost` and\n * `gen_ai.usage.total_tokens` are de-facto extensions consumed by backends\n * like PostHog (which otherwise re-derive cost from their own price tables,\n * losing cache discounts and gateway markup). Fields with no semconv or\n * de-facto convention (`costDetails`, `durationSeconds`) are\n * TanStack-namespaced. Deliberately not emitted: `unitsBilled`,\n * `providerUsageDetails`, and the per-modality token breakdowns — those are\n * media-oriented; media-activity observability is tracked in #720.\n */\nfunction usageAttributes(usage: TokenUsage): Record<string, AttributeValue> {\n  const attrs: Record<string, AttributeValue> = {\n    'gen_ai.usage.input_tokens': usage.promptTokens,\n    'gen_ai.usage.output_tokens': usage.completionTokens,\n  }\n  const optional: Array<[key: string, value: unknown]> = [\n    ['gen_ai.usage.total_tokens', usage.totalTokens],\n    ['gen_ai.usage.cost', usage.cost],\n    [\n      'gen_ai.usage.cache_read.input_tokens',\n      usage.promptTokensDetails?.cachedTokens,\n    ],\n    [\n      'gen_ai.usage.cache_creation.input_tokens',\n      usage.promptTokensDetails?.cacheWriteTokens,\n    ],\n    [\n      'gen_ai.usage.reasoning.output_tokens',\n      usage.completionTokensDetails?.reasoningTokens,\n    ],\n    ['tanstack.ai.usage.duration_seconds', usage.durationSeconds],\n    ['tanstack.ai.usage.upstream_cost', usage.costDetails?.upstreamCost],\n    [\n      'tanstack.ai.usage.upstream_input_cost',\n      usage.costDetails?.upstreamInputCost,\n    ],\n    [\n      'tanstack.ai.usage.upstream_output_cost',\n      usage.costDetails?.upstreamOutputCost,\n    ],\n  ]\n  for (const [key, value] of optional) {\n    const num = firstNumber(value)\n    if (num !== undefined) attrs[key] = num\n  }\n  return attrs\n}\n\nfunction errorMessage(err: unknown): string | undefined {\n  if (err instanceof Error) return err.message\n  if (typeof err === 'string') return err\n  if (err && typeof err === 'object' && 'message' in err) {\n    const m = (err as { message?: unknown }).message\n    if (typeof m === 'string') return m\n  }\n  return undefined\n}\n\nfunction errorTypeName(err: unknown): string {\n  if (err instanceof Error) return err.name || 'Error'\n  if (err && typeof err === 'object' && 'name' in err) {\n    const n = (err as { name?: unknown }).name\n    if (typeof n === 'string') return n\n  }\n  return 'Error'\n}\n\nfunction safeCall<T>(label: string, fn: () => T): T | undefined {\n  try {\n    return fn()\n  } catch (err) {\n    // Keep middleware non-fatal, but surface callback failures so that broken\n    // extension points (attributeEnricher, spanNameFormatter, onSpanEnd, ...)\n    // are observable. Matches the guarantee documented in docs/advanced/otel.md.\n    console.warn(`[otelMiddleware] ${label} failed`, err)\n    return undefined\n  }\n}\n\nexport function otelMiddleware(options: OtelMiddlewareOptions): ChatMiddleware {\n  const {\n    tracer,\n    meter,\n    captureContent = false,\n    redact = (s) => s,\n    maxContentLength = DEFAULT_MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH,\n    spanNameFormatter,\n    attributeEnricher,\n    onBeforeSpanStart,\n    onSpanEnd,\n  } = options\n\n  const durationHistogram = meter?.createHistogram(\n    'gen_ai.client.operation.duration',\n    {\n      description: 'GenAI client operation duration',\n      unit: 's',\n    },\n  )\n  const tokenHistogram = meter?.createHistogram('gen_ai.client.token.usage', {\n    description: 'GenAI client token usage',\n    unit: '{token}',\n  })\n\n  // Redact user content, failing closed to a sentinel string instead of ever\n  // letting raw text through. Callers that pass `captureContent: true` with a\n  // third-party PII redactor depend on this invariant.\n  const redactContent = (text: string): string => {\n    try {\n      return redact(text)\n    } catch (err) {\n      console.warn('[otelMiddleware] otel.redact failed', err)\n      return REDACTION_FAILED_SENTINEL\n    }\n  }\n\n  const appendAssistantText = (state: RequestState, delta: string): void => {\n    if (maxContentLength > 0) {\n      if (state.assistantTextBufferTruncated) return\n      const remaining = maxContentLength - state.assistantTextBuffer.length\n      if (remaining <= 0) {\n        state.assistantTextBufferTruncated = true\n        state.assistantTextBuffer += '…'\n        return\n      }\n      if (delta.length > remaining) {\n        state.assistantTextBuffer += delta.slice(0, remaining) + '…'\n        state.assistantTextBufferTruncated = true\n        return\n      }\n    }\n    state.assistantTextBuffer += delta\n  }\n\n  const closeIterationSpan = (\n    state: RequestState,\n    ctx: ChatMiddlewareContext,\n  ): void => {\n    if (!state.currentIterationSpan) return\n    const span = state.currentIterationSpan\n    const iteration = state.iterationCount - 1\n    safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n      onSpanEnd?.({ kind: 'iteration', ctx, iteration }, span),\n    )\n    span.end()\n    state.currentIterationSpan = null\n  }\n\n  return {\n    name: 'otel',\n\n    onStart(ctx) {\n      safeCall('otel.onStart', () => {\n        const info: OtelSpanInfo<'chat'> = { kind: 'chat', ctx }\n        const name =\n          safeCall('otel.spanNameFormatter', () => spanNameFormatter?.(info)) ??\n          `chat ${ctx.model}`\n        const baseOptions: SpanOptions = {\n          kind: SpanKind.INTERNAL,\n          attributes: {\n            'gen_ai.system': ctx.provider,\n            'gen_ai.request.model': ctx.model,\n            // NOTE: `gen_ai.operation.name` is deliberately NOT set on the\n            // root span. The root represents a `chat()` invocation that may\n            // span multiple model calls; only iteration spans correspond to\n            // a single chat operation. Backends that map `operation.name=chat`\n            // to a \"generation\" event (e.g. PostHog LLM Analytics) would\n            // otherwise emit a duplicate generation for the wrapper span.\n          },\n        }\n        const spanOptions =\n          safeCall('otel.onBeforeSpanStart', () =>\n            onBeforeSpanStart?.(info, baseOptions),\n          ) ?? baseOptions\n        const rootSpan = tracer.startSpan(name, spanOptions)\n\n        const enriched = safeCall('otel.attributeEnricher', () =>\n          attributeEnricher?.(info),\n        )\n        if (enriched) rootSpan.setAttributes(enriched)\n\n        stateByCtx.set(ctx, {\n          rootSpan,\n          currentIterationSpan: null,\n          toolSpans: new Map(),\n          iterationCount: 0,\n          assistantTextBuffer: '',\n          assistantTextBufferTruncated: false,\n          startTime: Date.now(),\n        })\n      })\n    },\n\n    onConfig(ctx, config) {\n      if (ctx.phase !== 'beforeModel') return\n      safeCall('otel.onConfig', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        // The previous iteration's span stays open through tool execution and\n        // onUsage so that tool spans nest under it and token attributes land\n        // on it. Close it here, just before opening the next iteration.\n        closeIterationSpan(state, ctx)\n\n        const info: OtelSpanInfo<'iteration'> = {\n          kind: 'iteration',\n          ctx,\n          iteration: ctx.iteration,\n        }\n        const name =\n          safeCall('otel.spanNameFormatter', () => spanNameFormatter?.(info)) ??\n          `chat ${ctx.model} #${ctx.iteration}`\n\n        const baseAttrs: Record<string, AttributeValue> = {\n          'gen_ai.system': ctx.provider,\n          'gen_ai.operation.name': 'chat',\n          'gen_ai.request.model': ctx.model,\n          'tanstack.ai.iteration': ctx.iteration,\n        }\n        // Sampling options now live in provider-native `modelOptions`, and\n        // providers spell them differently (e.g. `max_output_tokens`,\n        // `max_completion_tokens`, `maxOutputTokens`, `num_predict`). Read the\n        // first numeric value among the known spellings — including Ollama's\n        // nested `options` — so gen_ai attributes populate across providers.\n        const sampling = config.modelOptions ?? {}\n        const nestedOptions =\n          sampling['options'] && typeof sampling['options'] === 'object'\n            ? (sampling['options'] as Record<string, unknown>)\n            : undefined\n        const samplingTemperature = firstNumber(\n          sampling['temperature'],\n          nestedOptions?.['temperature'],\n        )\n        const samplingTopP = firstNumber(\n          sampling['top_p'],\n          sampling['topP'],\n          nestedOptions?.['top_p'],\n        )\n        // Spellings come from the shared `MAX_TOKENS_KEYS` table so this stays\n        // in lockstep with the summarize wrapper's caller-limit detection.\n        const samplingMaxTokens = firstNumber(\n          ...MAX_TOKENS_KEYS.map((k) => sampling[k]),\n          nestedOptions?.[NESTED_MAX_TOKENS_KEY],\n        )\n        if (samplingTemperature !== undefined)\n          baseAttrs['gen_ai.request.temperature'] = samplingTemperature\n        if (samplingTopP !== undefined)\n          baseAttrs['gen_ai.request.top_p'] = samplingTopP\n        if (samplingMaxTokens !== undefined)\n          baseAttrs['gen_ai.request.max_tokens'] = samplingMaxTokens\n\n        const baseOptions: SpanOptions = {\n          kind: SpanKind.CLIENT,\n          attributes: baseAttrs,\n        }\n        const spanOptions =\n          safeCall('otel.onBeforeSpanStart', () =>\n            onBeforeSpanStart?.(info, baseOptions),\n          ) ?? baseOptions\n\n        const parentCtx = otelTrace.setSpan(\n          otelContext.active(),\n          state.rootSpan,\n        )\n        let iterSpan!: Span\n        otelContext.with(parentCtx, () => {\n          // Pass the parent context explicitly as the 3rd arg — this is a\n          // real-OTel-compatible way to ensure the span is parented to\n          // `rootSpan` even when the host app has not registered a context\n          // manager (e.g. in tests or minimal setups).\n          iterSpan = tracer.startSpan(name, spanOptions, parentCtx)\n        })\n\n        const enriched = safeCall('otel.attributeEnricher', () =>\n          attributeEnricher?.(info),\n        )\n        if (enriched) iterSpan.setAttributes(enriched)\n\n        state.currentIterationSpan = iterSpan\n        state.assistantTextBuffer = ''\n        state.assistantTextBufferTruncated = false\n\n        if (captureContent) {\n          const systemPromptContents = config.systemPrompts.map((p) =>\n            typeof p === 'string' ? p : p.content,\n          )\n          // Anthropic prompt-caching users need to know which prompt carried\n          // `cache_control`: it's the one attribute that explains cache\n          // hit/miss in observability. Serialise per-prompt metadata as a\n          // single JSON span attribute so backends that don't understand\n          // GenAI events can still surface it. Kept off span events to\n          // avoid breaking the one-event-per-message GenAI semconv contract.\n          const systemPromptMetadata = config.systemPrompts.map((p) =>\n            typeof p === 'string' || p.metadata === undefined\n              ? null\n              : p.metadata,\n          )\n          if (systemPromptMetadata.some((m) => m !== null)) {\n            iterSpan.setAttribute(\n              'tanstack.ai.system_prompt.metadata',\n              JSON.stringify(systemPromptMetadata),\n            )\n          }\n          // Span events follow the original GenAI semconv (one event per\n          // message). Backends that read events get content this way.\n          for (const sys of systemPromptContents) {\n            iterSpan.addEvent('gen_ai.system.message', {\n              content: redactContent(sys),\n            })\n          }\n          for (const m of config.messages) {\n            const body = serializeContent(m.content)\n            if (body.length === 0) continue\n            iterSpan.addEvent(messageEventName(m.role), {\n              content: redactContent(body),\n            })\n          }\n\n          // Also emit the current GenAI-semconv attribute form\n          // (`gen_ai.input.messages`) — backends like PostHog read prompt\n          // content from this attribute, not from span events.\n          const inputMessages: Array<{ role: string; content: string }> = []\n          for (const sys of systemPromptContents) {\n            inputMessages.push({\n              role: 'system',\n              content: redactContent(sys),\n            })\n          }\n          for (const m of config.messages) {\n            const body = serializeContent(m.content)\n            if (body.length === 0) continue\n            inputMessages.push({\n              role: m.role,\n              content: redactContent(body),\n            })\n          }\n          if (inputMessages.length > 0) {\n            const inputJson = JSON.stringify(inputMessages)\n            // Current OTel GenAI semconv — Sentry / PostHog / Datadog read\n            // prompt content from this attribute.\n            iterSpan.setAttribute('gen_ai.input.messages', inputJson)\n            // Langfuse-native attribute. Highest priority in Langfuse's OTLP\n            // ingestion (checked before events and gen_ai.input.messages) so\n            // the Input panel populates reliably. Harmless to other backends —\n            // the attribute is namespaced and unrecognised keys are ignored.\n            iterSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.observation.input', inputJson)\n\n            // Mirror the first iteration's input onto the root span and at\n            // trace level so Langfuse fills Input on the trace card and the\n            // chat-level observation. Later iterations append tool-call /\n            // assistant messages that are useful per-iteration but noise at\n            // the chat / trace level.\n            if (state.iterationCount === 0) {\n              state.rootSpan.setAttribute(\n                'langfuse.observation.input',\n                inputJson,\n              )\n              state.rootSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.trace.input', inputJson)\n            }\n          }\n        }\n\n        state.iterationCount += 1\n      })\n      return undefined\n    },\n\n    onChunk(ctx, chunk) {\n      safeCall('otel.onChunk', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        if (captureContent && chunk.type === 'TEXT_MESSAGE_CONTENT') {\n          appendAssistantText(state, chunk.delta)\n        }\n\n        if (chunk.type !== 'RUN_FINISHED') return\n        const span = state.currentIterationSpan\n        if (!span) return\n\n        if (chunk.finishReason) {\n          span.setAttribute('gen_ai.response.finish_reasons', [\n            chunk.finishReason,\n          ])\n        }\n        if (chunk.model) span.setAttribute('gen_ai.response.model', chunk.model)\n\n        // Set usage attributes on the iteration span directly from the chunk\n        // so they're available before `onUsage` fires. Histogram recording is\n        // deliberately NOT done here — the chat runner always invokes\n        // `runOnUsage` when `chunk.usage` is present, and `onUsage` is the\n        // canonical place for the metric. Recording in both would double-count.\n        if (chunk.usage) {\n          span.setAttributes(usageAttributes(chunk.usage))\n        }\n\n        if (captureContent && state.assistantTextBuffer.length > 0) {\n          const completion = redactContent(state.assistantTextBuffer)\n          const outputJson = JSON.stringify([\n            { role: 'assistant', content: completion },\n          ])\n          // Event form (older semconv) — kept for backends that consume it.\n          span.addEvent('gen_ai.choice', { content: completion })\n          // Attribute form (current semconv) — required by backends like\n          // PostHog that read completion content from `gen_ai.output.messages`.\n          span.setAttribute('gen_ai.output.messages', outputJson)\n          // Langfuse-native attribute (highest priority in Langfuse mapping).\n          span.setAttribute('langfuse.observation.output', outputJson)\n          // Mirror to the root span and trace card. Each iteration overwrites,\n          // so the final iteration's completion lands on the root — which is\n          // the final answer the user saw, not an intermediate tool-call turn.\n          state.rootSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.observation.output', outputJson)\n          state.rootSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.trace.output', outputJson)\n          state.assistantTextBuffer = ''\n          state.assistantTextBufferTruncated = false\n        }\n\n        // Intentionally leave the iteration span open: tool spans started\n        // after `RUN_FINISHED` (tool_calls finishReason) must nest under it,\n        // and `onUsage` may still fire. The span is closed in `onConfig` when\n        // the next iteration starts, or in `onFinish` / `onError` / `onAbort`.\n      })\n      return undefined\n    },\n\n    onUsage(ctx, usage) {\n      safeCall('otel.onUsage', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        // Always record the token histogram — metrics don't depend on having\n        // an iteration span, and skipping here would drop metric data if an\n        // adapter emits `onUsage` outside the iteration window.\n        if (tokenHistogram) {\n          const metricAttrs = {\n            'gen_ai.system': ctx.provider,\n            'gen_ai.operation.name': 'chat',\n            'gen_ai.request.model': ctx.model,\n          }\n          tokenHistogram.record(usage.promptTokens, {\n            ...metricAttrs,\n            'gen_ai.token.type': 'input',\n          })\n          tokenHistogram.record(usage.completionTokens, {\n            ...metricAttrs,\n            'gen_ai.token.type': 'output',\n          })\n        }\n\n        const span = state.currentIterationSpan ?? state.rootSpan\n        span.setAttributes(usageAttributes(usage))\n      })\n    },\n\n    onBeforeToolCall(ctx, hookCtx) {\n      safeCall('otel.onBeforeToolCall', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n        const parent = state.currentIterationSpan ?? state.rootSpan\n\n        const info: OtelSpanInfo<'tool'> = {\n          kind: 'tool',\n          ctx,\n          toolName: hookCtx.toolName,\n          toolCallId: hookCtx.toolCallId,\n          iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n        }\n        const name =\n          safeCall('otel.spanNameFormatter', () => spanNameFormatter?.(info)) ??\n          `execute_tool ${hookCtx.toolName}`\n\n        const baseAttrs: Record<string, AttributeValue> = {\n          'gen_ai.tool.name': hookCtx.toolName,\n          'gen_ai.tool.call.id': hookCtx.toolCallId,\n          'gen_ai.tool.type': 'function',\n        }\n        const baseOptions: SpanOptions = {\n          kind: SpanKind.INTERNAL,\n          attributes: baseAttrs,\n        }\n        const spanOptions =\n          safeCall('otel.onBeforeSpanStart', () =>\n            onBeforeSpanStart?.(info, baseOptions),\n          ) ?? baseOptions\n\n        const parentCtx = otelTrace.setSpan(otelContext.active(), parent)\n        let toolSpan!: Span\n        otelContext.with(parentCtx, () => {\n          toolSpan = tracer.startSpan(name, spanOptions, parentCtx)\n        })\n\n        const enriched = safeCall('otel.attributeEnricher', () =>\n          attributeEnricher?.(info),\n        )\n        if (enriched) toolSpan.setAttributes(enriched)\n\n        // Stamp the tool args onto the tool span so backends that render an\n        // input panel per span (e.g. PostHog) have something to show.\n        if (captureContent) {\n          const argsBody =\n            typeof hookCtx.args === 'string'\n              ? hookCtx.args\n              : (safeCall('otel.serializeToolArgs', () =>\n                  JSON.stringify(hookCtx.args ?? null),\n                ) ?? '[unserializable_tool_args]')\n          const redactedArgs = redactContent(argsBody)\n          const toolInputJson = JSON.stringify([\n            { role: 'tool', content: redactedArgs },\n          ])\n          toolSpan.setAttribute('gen_ai.input.messages', toolInputJson)\n          // Langfuse-native (highest priority in Langfuse mapping).\n          toolSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.observation.input', toolInputJson)\n        }\n\n        state.toolSpans.set(hookCtx.toolCallId, {\n          span: toolSpan,\n          toolName: hookCtx.toolName,\n        })\n      })\n      return undefined\n    },\n\n    onAfterToolCall(ctx, info) {\n      safeCall('otel.onAfterToolCall', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n        const entry = state.toolSpans.get(info.toolCallId)\n        if (!entry) return\n        const { span: toolSpan } = entry\n\n        const outcome = info.ok ? 'success' : 'error'\n        toolSpan.setAttribute('tanstack.ai.tool.outcome', outcome)\n\n        if (!info.ok && info.error !== undefined) {\n          toolSpan.recordException(info.error as Exception)\n          const msg = errorMessage(info.error)\n          toolSpan.setStatus({\n            code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,\n            ...(msg !== undefined && { message: msg }),\n          })\n        }\n\n        if (captureContent) {\n          // Serialization can throw on circular refs or `BigInt` values. If it\n          // does, fall back to a sentinel so the rest of this handler (span\n          // end, onSpanEnd, toolSpans cleanup) still runs — otherwise the tool\n          // span would dangle until the onFinish/onError sweep.\n          const body =\n            typeof info.result === 'string'\n              ? info.result\n              : (safeCall('otel.serializeToolResult', () =>\n                  JSON.stringify(info.result ?? null),\n                ) ?? '[unserializable_tool_result]')\n          const redactedBody = redactContent(body)\n          if (state.currentIterationSpan) {\n            state.currentIterationSpan.addEvent('gen_ai.tool.message', {\n              content: redactedBody,\n              tool_call_id: info.toolCallId,\n            })\n          }\n          // Output panel of the tool span itself — `gen_ai.output.messages` is\n          // what current GenAI semconv consumers (e.g. PostHog) read.\n          const toolOutputJson = JSON.stringify([\n            { role: 'tool', content: redactedBody },\n          ])\n          toolSpan.setAttribute('gen_ai.output.messages', toolOutputJson)\n          // Langfuse-native (highest priority in Langfuse mapping).\n          toolSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.observation.output', toolOutputJson)\n        }\n\n        safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n          onSpanEnd?.(\n            {\n              kind: 'tool',\n              ctx,\n              toolName: info.toolName,\n              toolCallId: info.toolCallId,\n              iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n            },\n            toolSpan,\n          ),\n        )\n        toolSpan.end()\n        state.toolSpans.delete(info.toolCallId)\n      })\n    },\n\n    onError(ctx, info) {\n      safeCall('otel.onError', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        const errType = errorTypeName(info.error)\n        const message = errorMessage(info.error)\n        const statusMessage =\n          message !== undefined ? { message } : ({} as const)\n        const exception = info.error as Exception\n\n        const iterationSpan = state.currentIterationSpan\n        if (iterationSpan) {\n          iterationSpan.recordException(exception)\n          iterationSpan.setStatus({\n            code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,\n            ...statusMessage,\n          })\n          safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n            onSpanEnd?.(\n              {\n                kind: 'iteration',\n                ctx,\n                iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n              },\n              iterationSpan,\n            ),\n          )\n          iterationSpan.end()\n          state.currentIterationSpan = null\n        }\n\n        for (const [id, entry] of state.toolSpans) {\n          const { span, toolName } = entry\n          span.recordException(exception)\n          span.setStatus({ code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR, ...statusMessage })\n          safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n            onSpanEnd?.(\n              {\n                kind: 'tool',\n                ctx,\n                toolCallId: id,\n                toolName,\n                iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n              },\n              span,\n            ),\n          )\n          span.end()\n          state.toolSpans.delete(id)\n        }\n\n        state.rootSpan.recordException(exception)\n        state.rootSpan.setStatus({\n          code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,\n          ...statusMessage,\n        })\n\n        if (durationHistogram) {\n          durationHistogram.record(info.duration / 1000, {\n            'gen_ai.system': ctx.provider,\n            'gen_ai.operation.name': 'chat',\n            'gen_ai.request.model': ctx.model,\n            'error.type': errType,\n          })\n        }\n\n        safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n          onSpanEnd?.({ kind: 'chat', ctx }, state.rootSpan),\n        )\n        state.rootSpan.end()\n        stateByCtx.delete(ctx)\n      })\n    },\n\n    onAbort(ctx, info) {\n      safeCall('otel.onAbort', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        const closeCancelled = (span: Span): void => {\n          // `gen_ai.completion.reason` is not part of the GenAI semconv; use a\n          // TanStack-namespaced attribute so downstream exporters don't treat\n          // it as standard. The span status still carries the error code.\n          span.setAttribute('tanstack.ai.completion.reason', 'cancelled')\n          span.setStatus({ code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR, message: 'cancelled' })\n        }\n\n        const iterationSpan = state.currentIterationSpan\n        if (iterationSpan) {\n          closeCancelled(iterationSpan)\n          safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n            onSpanEnd?.(\n              {\n                kind: 'iteration',\n                ctx,\n                iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n              },\n              iterationSpan,\n            ),\n          )\n          iterationSpan.end()\n          state.currentIterationSpan = null\n        }\n        for (const [id, entry] of state.toolSpans) {\n          const { span, toolName } = entry\n          closeCancelled(span)\n          safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n            onSpanEnd?.(\n              {\n                kind: 'tool',\n                ctx,\n                toolCallId: id,\n                toolName,\n                iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n              },\n              span,\n            ),\n          )\n          span.end()\n          state.toolSpans.delete(id)\n        }\n        closeCancelled(state.rootSpan)\n\n        if (durationHistogram) {\n          durationHistogram.record(info.duration / 1000, {\n            'gen_ai.system': ctx.provider,\n            'gen_ai.operation.name': 'chat',\n            'gen_ai.request.model': ctx.model,\n            'error.type': 'cancelled',\n          })\n        }\n\n        safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n          onSpanEnd?.({ kind: 'chat', ctx }, state.rootSpan),\n        )\n        state.rootSpan.end()\n        stateByCtx.delete(ctx)\n      })\n    },\n\n    onFinish(ctx, info) {\n      safeCall('otel.onFinish', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        // Close any tool spans that never received `onAfterToolCall` (adapter\n        // quirk). Done before the iteration span so the hierarchy is closed\n        // in depth-first order.\n        for (const [id, entry] of state.toolSpans) {\n          const { span, toolName } = entry\n          span.setAttribute('tanstack.ai.tool.outcome', 'unknown')\n          safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n            onSpanEnd?.(\n              {\n                kind: 'tool',\n                ctx,\n                toolCallId: id,\n                toolName,\n                iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n              },\n              span,\n            ),\n          )\n          span.end()\n          state.toolSpans.delete(id)\n        }\n\n        // The final iteration's span is still open because we keep it open\n        // through tool execution and `onUsage`. Close it now.\n        closeIterationSpan(state, ctx)\n\n        if (durationHistogram) {\n          durationHistogram.record(info.duration / 1000, {\n            'gen_ai.system': ctx.provider,\n            'gen_ai.operation.name': 'chat',\n            'gen_ai.request.model': ctx.model,\n          })\n        }\n\n        if (info.usage) {\n          state.rootSpan.setAttributes(usageAttributes(info.usage))\n        }\n        if (info.finishReason) {\n          state.rootSpan.setAttribute('gen_ai.response.finish_reasons', [\n            info.finishReason,\n          ])\n        }\n        state.rootSpan.setAttribute(\n          'tanstack.ai.iterations',\n          state.iterationCount,\n        )\n\n        safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n          onSpanEnd?.({ kind: 'chat', ctx }, state.rootSpan),\n        )\n        state.rootSpan.end()\n        stateByCtx.delete(ctx)\n      })\n    },\n  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Prefer {@link OtelSpanScope}.\n *\n * @deprecated Use `OtelSpanScope` instead — the name shadows OTel's built-in\n * `SpanKind` which is also imported by integrations of this middleware.\n */\nexport type OtelSpanKind = OtelSpanScope\n\n/**\n * Span metadata passed to `spanNameFormatter`, `attributeEnricher`,\n * `onBeforeSpanStart`, and `onSpanEnd`. Discriminated by `kind` so that\n * tool-only fields narrow automatically inside callback bodies.\n */\nexport type OtelSpanInfo<TScope extends OtelSpanScope = OtelSpanScope> =\n  TScope extends 'chat'\n    ? { kind: 'chat'; ctx: ChatMiddlewareContext }\n    : TScope extends 'iteration'\n      ? { kind: 'iteration'; ctx: ChatMiddlewareContext; iteration: number }\n      : TScope extends 'tool'\n        ? {\n            kind: 'tool'\n            ctx: ChatMiddlewareContext\n            iteration: number\n            toolName: string\n            toolCallId: string\n          }\n        : TScope extends 'generation'\n          ? { kind: 'generation'; ctx: GenerationMiddlewareContext }\n          : never\n\n/**\n * `gen_ai.operation.name` per activity. Chat uses the GenAI semconv value;\n * media operations have no semconv entry yet, so these are the de-facto names\n * consumed by GenAI backends (PostHog, Langfuse, …). Documented in\n * `docs/advanced/otel.md`.\n */\nconst OPERATION_NAME: Record<GenerationActivity, string> = {\n  chat: 'chat',\n  image: 'image_generation',\n  video: 'video_generation',\n  audio: 'audio_generation',\n  tts: 'text_to_speech',\n  transcription: 'transcription',\n}\n\nexport interface OtelMiddlewareOptions {\n  /** OTel `Tracer` used to start root, iteration, and tool spans. */\n  tracer: Tracer\n  /**\n   * Optional OTel `Meter`. When provided, the middleware records\n   * `gen_ai.client.operation.duration` and `gen_ai.client.token.usage`\n   * histograms. Omit to disable metrics without disabling tracing.\n   */\n  meter?: Meter\n  /**\n   * When `true`, prompt and completion content is attached to iteration spans\n   * as `gen_ai.*.message` / `gen_ai.choice` events. Defaults to `false` so\n   * that PII never lands on a span by accident.\n   */\n  captureContent?: boolean\n  /**\n   * Invoked on every captured content string before it lands on a span.\n   * Return a redacted version. If this function throws, the middleware emits\n   * the literal sentinel `\"[redaction_failed]\"` instead of the original text\n   * — it never falls back to raw content.\n   */\n  redact?: (text: string) => string\n  /**\n   * Maximum characters kept in the per-iteration assistant text buffer used\n   * to emit `gen_ai.choice` events. Extra characters are truncated with a\n   * trailing `\"…\"` marker. Defaults to 100 000. Set to `0` to disable the\n   * cap. Exporters typically truncate long attribute values anyway.\n   */\n  maxContentLength?: number\n  /** Override the default span name for each `kind`. */\n  spanNameFormatter?: (info: OtelSpanInfo) => string\n  /** Add extra attributes to each span. */\n  attributeEnricher?: (info: OtelSpanInfo) => Record<string, AttributeValue>\n  /** Mutate `SpanOptions` immediately before `tracer.startSpan(...)`. */\n  onBeforeSpanStart?: (info: OtelSpanInfo, options: SpanOptions) => SpanOptions\n  /** Fires just before every `span.end()`. */\n  onSpanEnd?: (info: OtelSpanInfo, span: Span) => void\n}\n\ninterface RequestState {\n  rootSpan: Span\n  currentIterationSpan: Span | null\n  toolSpans: Map<string, { span: Span; toolName: string }>\n  iterationCount: number\n  assistantTextBuffer: string\n  assistantTextBufferTruncated: boolean\n  startTime: number\n  /**\n   * Finish reason from the most recent `RUN_FINISHED` chunk. Captured in\n   * `onChunk` so `onFinish` can stamp it on the root span without reading it\n   * from the (base-shaped) finish info, which doesn't carry it.\n   */\n  lastFinishReason: string | null\n}\n\nconst stateByCtx = new WeakMap<ChatMiddlewareContext, RequestState>()\n\nconst DEFAULT_MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH = 100_000\nconst REDACTION_FAILED_SENTINEL = '[redaction_failed]'\n\nfunction serializeContent(content: unknown): string {\n  if (typeof content === 'string') return content\n  if (!Array.isArray(content)) return ''\n  const parts: Array<string> = []\n  for (const part of content) {\n    if (!part || typeof part !== 'object') continue\n    const type = (part as { type?: string }).type\n    switch (type) {\n      case 'text':\n        parts.push(\n          (\n            (part as { text?: string }).text ??\n            (part as { content?: string }).content ??\n            ''\n          ).toString(),\n        )\n        break\n      case 'image':\n        parts.push('[image]')\n        break\n      case 'audio':\n        parts.push('[audio]')\n        break\n      case 'video':\n        parts.push('[video]')\n        break\n      case 'document':\n        parts.push('[document]')\n        break\n      case undefined:\n        parts.push('[unknown]')\n        break\n      default:\n        parts.push(`[${type}]`)\n    }\n  }\n  return parts.join(' ')\n}\n\nfunction messageEventName(role: string): string {\n  switch (role) {\n    case 'user':\n      return 'gen_ai.user.message'\n    case 'assistant':\n      return 'gen_ai.assistant.message'\n    case 'tool':\n      return 'gen_ai.tool.message'\n    case 'system':\n      return 'gen_ai.system.message'\n    default:\n      return `gen_ai.${role}.message`\n  }\n}\n\nfunction safeCall<T>(label: string, fn: () => T): T | undefined {\n  try {\n    return fn()\n  } catch (err) {\n    // Keep middleware non-fatal, but surface callback failures so that broken\n    // extension points (attributeEnricher, spanNameFormatter, onSpanEnd, ...)\n    // are observable. Matches the guarantee documented in docs/advanced/otel.md.\n    console.warn(`[otelMiddleware] ${label} failed`, err)\n    return undefined\n  }\n}\n\nexport function otelMiddleware(\n  options: OtelMiddlewareOptions,\n): GenerationMiddleware & ChatMiddleware {\n  const {\n    tracer,\n    meter,\n    captureContent = false,\n    redact = (s) => s,\n    maxContentLength = DEFAULT_MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH,\n    spanNameFormatter,\n    attributeEnricher,\n    onBeforeSpanStart,\n    onSpanEnd,\n  } = options\n\n  const durationHistogram = meter?.createHistogram(\n    'gen_ai.client.operation.duration',\n    {\n      description: 'GenAI client operation duration',\n      unit: 's',\n    },\n  )\n  const tokenHistogram = meter?.createHistogram('gen_ai.client.token.usage', {\n    description: 'GenAI client token usage',\n    unit: '{token}',\n  })\n\n  // Redact user content, failing closed to a sentinel string instead of ever\n  // letting raw text through. Callers that pass `captureContent: true` with a\n  // third-party PII redactor depend on this invariant.\n  const redactContent = (text: string): string => {\n    try {\n      return redact(text)\n    } catch (err) {\n      console.warn('[otelMiddleware] otel.redact failed', err)\n      return REDACTION_FAILED_SENTINEL\n    }\n  }\n\n  const appendAssistantText = (state: RequestState, delta: string): void => {\n    if (maxContentLength > 0) {\n      if (state.assistantTextBufferTruncated) return\n      const remaining = maxContentLength - state.assistantTextBuffer.length\n      if (remaining <= 0) {\n        state.assistantTextBufferTruncated = true\n        state.assistantTextBuffer += '…'\n        return\n      }\n      if (delta.length > remaining) {\n        state.assistantTextBuffer += delta.slice(0, remaining) + '…'\n        state.assistantTextBufferTruncated = true\n        return\n      }\n    }\n    state.assistantTextBuffer += delta\n  }\n\n  const closeIterationSpan = (\n    state: RequestState,\n    ctx: ChatMiddlewareContext,\n  ): void => {\n    if (!state.currentIterationSpan) return\n    const span = state.currentIterationSpan\n    const iteration = state.iterationCount - 1\n    safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n      onSpanEnd?.({ kind: 'iteration', ctx, iteration }, span),\n    )\n    span.end()\n    state.currentIterationSpan = null\n  }\n\n  // --- Media activities -----------------------------------------------------\n  // Media calls (image/video/audio/tts/transcription) are single request →\n  // response, so they get exactly one CLIENT span — opened in `onStart` and\n  // closed in the terminal hook. Keyed by the per-call context object, which is\n  // distinct from the chat state map above so the two paths never collide.\n  const mediaSpans = new WeakMap<GenerationMiddlewareContext, Span>()\n\n  const recordMediaDuration = (\n    ctx: GenerationMiddlewareContext,\n    durationMs: number,\n    errorType?: string,\n  ): void => {\n    if (!durationHistogram) return\n    durationHistogram.record(durationMs / 1000, {\n      'gen_ai.system': ctx.provider,\n      'gen_ai.operation.name': OPERATION_NAME[ctx.activity],\n      'gen_ai.request.model': ctx.model,\n      ...(errorType ? { 'error.type': errorType } : {}),\n    })\n  }\n\n  const startMediaSpan = (ctx: GenerationMiddlewareContext): void => {\n    safeCall('otel.onStart', () => {\n      const operationName = OPERATION_NAME[ctx.activity]\n      const info: OtelSpanInfo<'generation'> = { kind: 'generation', ctx }\n      const name =\n        safeCall('otel.spanNameFormatter', () => spanNameFormatter?.(info)) ??\n        `${operationName} ${ctx.model}`\n      const baseOptions: SpanOptions = {\n        kind: SpanKind.CLIENT,\n        attributes: {\n          'gen_ai.system': ctx.provider,\n          'gen_ai.operation.name': operationName,\n          'gen_ai.request.model': ctx.model,\n        },\n      }\n      const spanOptions =\n        safeCall('otel.onBeforeSpanStart', () =>\n          onBeforeSpanStart?.(info, baseOptions),\n        ) ?? baseOptions\n      const span = tracer.startSpan(name, spanOptions)\n      const enriched = safeCall('otel.attributeEnricher', () =>\n        attributeEnricher?.(info),\n      )\n      if (enriched) span.setAttributes(enriched)\n      mediaSpans.set(ctx, span)\n    })\n  }\n\n  const endMediaSpan = (\n    ctx: GenerationMiddlewareContext,\n    finalize: (span: Span) => void,\n  ): void => {\n    const span = mediaSpans.get(ctx)\n    mediaSpans.delete(ctx)\n    if (!span) return\n    finalize(span)\n    safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n      onSpanEnd?.({ kind: 'generation', ctx }, span),\n    )\n    span.end()\n  }\n\n  return {\n    name: 'otel',\n\n    onStart(ctx) {\n      // Media activities get one CLIENT span; chat builds the root/iteration\n      // tree below. The cast is sound: the chat runner only ever passes a\n      // ChatMiddlewareContext, which `activity: 'chat'` narrows to at runtime.\n      if (ctx.activity !== 'chat') {\n        startMediaSpan(ctx)\n        return\n      }\n      const chatCtx = ctx as ChatMiddlewareContext\n      safeCall('otel.onStart', () => {\n        const info: OtelSpanInfo<'chat'> = { kind: 'chat', ctx: chatCtx }\n        const name =\n          safeCall('otel.spanNameFormatter', () => spanNameFormatter?.(info)) ??\n          `chat ${chatCtx.model}`\n        const baseOptions: SpanOptions = {\n          kind: SpanKind.INTERNAL,\n          attributes: {\n            'gen_ai.system': chatCtx.provider,\n            'gen_ai.request.model': chatCtx.model,\n            // NOTE: `gen_ai.operation.name` is deliberately NOT set on the\n            // root span. The root represents a `chat()` invocation that may\n            // span multiple model calls; only iteration spans correspond to\n            // a single chat operation. Backends that map `operation.name=chat`\n            // to a \"generation\" event (e.g. PostHog LLM Analytics) would\n            // otherwise emit a duplicate generation for the wrapper span.\n          },\n        }\n        const spanOptions =\n          safeCall('otel.onBeforeSpanStart', () =>\n            onBeforeSpanStart?.(info, baseOptions),\n          ) ?? baseOptions\n        const rootSpan = tracer.startSpan(name, spanOptions)\n\n        const enriched = safeCall('otel.attributeEnricher', () =>\n          attributeEnricher?.(info),\n        )\n        if (enriched) rootSpan.setAttributes(enriched)\n\n        stateByCtx.set(chatCtx, {\n          rootSpan,\n          currentIterationSpan: null,\n          toolSpans: new Map(),\n          iterationCount: 0,\n          assistantTextBuffer: '',\n          assistantTextBufferTruncated: false,\n          startTime: Date.now(),\n          lastFinishReason: null,\n        })\n      })\n    },\n\n    onConfig(ctx, config) {\n      if (ctx.phase !== 'beforeModel') return\n      safeCall('otel.onConfig', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        // The previous iteration's span stays open through tool execution and\n        // onUsage so that tool spans nest under it and token attributes land\n        // on it. Close it here, just before opening the next iteration.\n        closeIterationSpan(state, ctx)\n\n        const info: OtelSpanInfo<'iteration'> = {\n          kind: 'iteration',\n          ctx,\n          iteration: ctx.iteration,\n        }\n        const name =\n          safeCall('otel.spanNameFormatter', () => spanNameFormatter?.(info)) ??\n          `chat ${ctx.model} #${ctx.iteration}`\n\n        const baseAttrs: Record<string, AttributeValue> = {\n          'gen_ai.system': ctx.provider,\n          'gen_ai.operation.name': 'chat',\n          'gen_ai.request.model': ctx.model,\n          'tanstack.ai.iteration': ctx.iteration,\n        }\n        // Sampling options now live in provider-native `modelOptions`, and\n        // providers spell them differently (e.g. `max_output_tokens`,\n        // `max_completion_tokens`, `maxOutputTokens`, `num_predict`). Read the\n        // first numeric value among the known spellings — including Ollama's\n        // nested `options` — so gen_ai attributes populate across providers.\n        const sampling = config.modelOptions ?? {}\n        const nestedOptions =\n          sampling['options'] && typeof sampling['options'] === 'object'\n            ? (sampling['options'] as Record<string, unknown>)\n            : undefined\n        const samplingTemperature = firstNumber(\n          sampling['temperature'],\n          nestedOptions?.['temperature'],\n        )\n        const samplingTopP = firstNumber(\n          sampling['top_p'],\n          sampling['topP'],\n          nestedOptions?.['top_p'],\n        )\n        // Spellings come from the shared `MAX_TOKENS_KEYS` table so this stays\n        // in lockstep with the summarize wrapper's caller-limit detection.\n        const samplingMaxTokens = firstNumber(\n          ...MAX_TOKENS_KEYS.map((k) => sampling[k]),\n          nestedOptions?.[NESTED_MAX_TOKENS_KEY],\n        )\n        if (samplingTemperature !== undefined)\n          baseAttrs['gen_ai.request.temperature'] = samplingTemperature\n        if (samplingTopP !== undefined)\n          baseAttrs['gen_ai.request.top_p'] = samplingTopP\n        if (samplingMaxTokens !== undefined)\n          baseAttrs['gen_ai.request.max_tokens'] = samplingMaxTokens\n\n        const baseOptions: SpanOptions = {\n          kind: SpanKind.CLIENT,\n          attributes: baseAttrs,\n        }\n        const spanOptions =\n          safeCall('otel.onBeforeSpanStart', () =>\n            onBeforeSpanStart?.(info, baseOptions),\n          ) ?? baseOptions\n\n        const parentCtx = otelTrace.setSpan(\n          otelContext.active(),\n          state.rootSpan,\n        )\n        let iterSpan!: Span\n        otelContext.with(parentCtx, () => {\n          // Pass the parent context explicitly as the 3rd arg — this is a\n          // real-OTel-compatible way to ensure the span is parented to\n          // `rootSpan` even when the host app has not registered a context\n          // manager (e.g. in tests or minimal setups).\n          iterSpan = tracer.startSpan(name, spanOptions, parentCtx)\n        })\n\n        const enriched = safeCall('otel.attributeEnricher', () =>\n          attributeEnricher?.(info),\n        )\n        if (enriched) iterSpan.setAttributes(enriched)\n\n        state.currentIterationSpan = iterSpan\n        state.assistantTextBuffer = ''\n        state.assistantTextBufferTruncated = false\n\n        if (captureContent) {\n          const systemPromptContents = config.systemPrompts.map((p) =>\n            typeof p === 'string' ? p : p.content,\n          )\n          // Anthropic prompt-caching users need to know which prompt carried\n          // `cache_control`: it's the one attribute that explains cache\n          // hit/miss in observability. Serialise per-prompt metadata as a\n          // single JSON span attribute so backends that don't understand\n          // GenAI events can still surface it. Kept off span events to\n          // avoid breaking the one-event-per-message GenAI semconv contract.\n          const systemPromptMetadata = config.systemPrompts.map((p) =>\n            typeof p === 'string' || p.metadata === undefined\n              ? null\n              : p.metadata,\n          )\n          if (systemPromptMetadata.some((m) => m !== null)) {\n            iterSpan.setAttribute(\n              'tanstack.ai.system_prompt.metadata',\n              JSON.stringify(systemPromptMetadata),\n            )\n          }\n          // Span events follow the original GenAI semconv (one event per\n          // message). Backends that read events get content this way.\n          for (const sys of systemPromptContents) {\n            iterSpan.addEvent('gen_ai.system.message', {\n              content: redactContent(sys),\n            })\n          }\n          for (const m of config.messages) {\n            const body = serializeContent(m.content)\n            if (body.length === 0) continue\n            iterSpan.addEvent(messageEventName(m.role), {\n              content: redactContent(body),\n            })\n          }\n\n          // Also emit the current GenAI-semconv attribute form\n          // (`gen_ai.input.messages`) — backends like PostHog read prompt\n          // content from this attribute, not from span events.\n          const inputMessages: Array<{ role: string; content: string }> = []\n          for (const sys of systemPromptContents) {\n            inputMessages.push({\n              role: 'system',\n              content: redactContent(sys),\n            })\n          }\n          for (const m of config.messages) {\n            const body = serializeContent(m.content)\n            if (body.length === 0) continue\n            inputMessages.push({\n              role: m.role,\n              content: redactContent(body),\n            })\n          }\n          if (inputMessages.length > 0) {\n            const inputJson = JSON.stringify(inputMessages)\n            // Current OTel GenAI semconv — Sentry / PostHog / Datadog read\n            // prompt content from this attribute.\n            iterSpan.setAttribute('gen_ai.input.messages', inputJson)\n            // Langfuse-native attribute. Highest priority in Langfuse's OTLP\n            // ingestion (checked before events and gen_ai.input.messages) so\n            // the Input panel populates reliably. Harmless to other backends —\n            // the attribute is namespaced and unrecognised keys are ignored.\n            iterSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.observation.input', inputJson)\n\n            // Mirror the first iteration's input onto the root span and at\n            // trace level so Langfuse fills Input on the trace card and the\n            // chat-level observation. Later iterations append tool-call /\n            // assistant messages that are useful per-iteration but noise at\n            // the chat / trace level.\n            if (state.iterationCount === 0) {\n              state.rootSpan.setAttribute(\n                'langfuse.observation.input',\n                inputJson,\n              )\n              state.rootSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.trace.input', inputJson)\n            }\n          }\n        }\n\n        state.iterationCount += 1\n      })\n      return undefined\n    },\n\n    onChunk(ctx, chunk) {\n      safeCall('otel.onChunk', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        if (captureContent && chunk.type === 'TEXT_MESSAGE_CONTENT') {\n          appendAssistantText(state, chunk.delta)\n        }\n\n        if (chunk.type !== 'RUN_FINISHED') return\n        // Capture for the root-span finish_reasons attribute set in onFinish,\n        // which receives base-shaped info without a finishReason field.\n        if (chunk.finishReason) state.lastFinishReason = chunk.finishReason\n        const span = state.currentIterationSpan\n        if (!span) return\n\n        if (chunk.finishReason) {\n          span.setAttribute('gen_ai.response.finish_reasons', [\n            chunk.finishReason,\n          ])\n        }\n        if (chunk.model) span.setAttribute('gen_ai.response.model', chunk.model)\n\n        // Set usage attributes on the iteration span directly from the chunk\n        // so they're available before `onUsage` fires. Histogram recording is\n        // deliberately NOT done here — the chat runner always invokes\n        // `runOnUsage` when `chunk.usage` is present, and `onUsage` is the\n        // canonical place for the metric. Recording in both would double-count.\n        if (chunk.usage) {\n          span.setAttributes(usageAttributes(chunk.usage))\n        }\n\n        if (captureContent && state.assistantTextBuffer.length > 0) {\n          const completion = redactContent(state.assistantTextBuffer)\n          const outputJson = JSON.stringify([\n            { role: 'assistant', content: completion },\n          ])\n          // Event form (older semconv) — kept for backends that consume it.\n          span.addEvent('gen_ai.choice', { content: completion })\n          // Attribute form (current semconv) — required by backends like\n          // PostHog that read completion content from `gen_ai.output.messages`.\n          span.setAttribute('gen_ai.output.messages', outputJson)\n          // Langfuse-native attribute (highest priority in Langfuse mapping).\n          span.setAttribute('langfuse.observation.output', outputJson)\n          // Mirror to the root span and trace card. Each iteration overwrites,\n          // so the final iteration's completion lands on the root — which is\n          // the final answer the user saw, not an intermediate tool-call turn.\n          state.rootSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.observation.output', outputJson)\n          state.rootSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.trace.output', outputJson)\n          state.assistantTextBuffer = ''\n          state.assistantTextBufferTruncated = false\n        }\n\n        // Intentionally leave the iteration span open: tool spans started\n        // after `RUN_FINISHED` (tool_calls finishReason) must nest under it,\n        // and `onUsage` may still fire. The span is closed in `onConfig` when\n        // the next iteration starts, or in `onFinish` / `onError` / `onAbort`.\n      })\n      return undefined\n    },\n\n    onUsage(ctx, usage) {\n      if (ctx.activity !== 'chat') {\n        // Media: stamp usage on the single span. No token histogram — media\n        // unit billing lands as span attributes via usageAttributes, matching\n        // prior media behavior and avoiding chat-shaped token metrics.\n        safeCall('otel.onUsage', () => {\n          const span = mediaSpans.get(ctx)\n          if (span) span.setAttributes(usageAttributes(usage))\n        })\n        return\n      }\n      const chatCtx = ctx as ChatMiddlewareContext\n      safeCall('otel.onUsage', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(chatCtx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        // Always record the token histogram — metrics don't depend on having\n        // an iteration span, and skipping here would drop metric data if an\n        // adapter emits `onUsage` outside the iteration window.\n        if (tokenHistogram) {\n          const metricAttrs = {\n            'gen_ai.system': chatCtx.provider,\n            'gen_ai.operation.name': 'chat',\n            'gen_ai.request.model': chatCtx.model,\n          }\n          tokenHistogram.record(usage.promptTokens, {\n            ...metricAttrs,\n            'gen_ai.token.type': 'input',\n          })\n          tokenHistogram.record(usage.completionTokens, {\n            ...metricAttrs,\n            'gen_ai.token.type': 'output',\n          })\n        }\n\n        const span = state.currentIterationSpan ?? state.rootSpan\n        span.setAttributes(usageAttributes(usage))\n      })\n    },\n\n    onBeforeToolCall(ctx, hookCtx) {\n      safeCall('otel.onBeforeToolCall', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n        const parent = state.currentIterationSpan ?? state.rootSpan\n\n        const info: OtelSpanInfo<'tool'> = {\n          kind: 'tool',\n          ctx,\n          toolName: hookCtx.toolName,\n          toolCallId: hookCtx.toolCallId,\n          iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n        }\n        const name =\n          safeCall('otel.spanNameFormatter', () => spanNameFormatter?.(info)) ??\n          `execute_tool ${hookCtx.toolName}`\n\n        const baseAttrs: Record<string, AttributeValue> = {\n          'gen_ai.tool.name': hookCtx.toolName,\n          'gen_ai.tool.call.id': hookCtx.toolCallId,\n          'gen_ai.tool.type': 'function',\n        }\n        const baseOptions: SpanOptions = {\n          kind: SpanKind.INTERNAL,\n          attributes: baseAttrs,\n        }\n        const spanOptions =\n          safeCall('otel.onBeforeSpanStart', () =>\n            onBeforeSpanStart?.(info, baseOptions),\n          ) ?? baseOptions\n\n        const parentCtx = otelTrace.setSpan(otelContext.active(), parent)\n        let toolSpan!: Span\n        otelContext.with(parentCtx, () => {\n          toolSpan = tracer.startSpan(name, spanOptions, parentCtx)\n        })\n\n        const enriched = safeCall('otel.attributeEnricher', () =>\n          attributeEnricher?.(info),\n        )\n        if (enriched) toolSpan.setAttributes(enriched)\n\n        // Stamp the tool args onto the tool span so backends that render an\n        // input panel per span (e.g. PostHog) have something to show.\n        if (captureContent) {\n          const argsBody =\n            typeof hookCtx.args === 'string'\n              ? hookCtx.args\n              : (safeCall('otel.serializeToolArgs', () =>\n                  JSON.stringify(hookCtx.args ?? null),\n                ) ?? '[unserializable_tool_args]')\n          const redactedArgs = redactContent(argsBody)\n          const toolInputJson = JSON.stringify([\n            { role: 'tool', content: redactedArgs },\n          ])\n          toolSpan.setAttribute('gen_ai.input.messages', toolInputJson)\n          // Langfuse-native (highest priority in Langfuse mapping).\n          toolSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.observation.input', toolInputJson)\n        }\n\n        state.toolSpans.set(hookCtx.toolCallId, {\n          span: toolSpan,\n          toolName: hookCtx.toolName,\n        })\n      })\n      return undefined\n    },\n\n    onAfterToolCall(ctx, info) {\n      safeCall('otel.onAfterToolCall', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(ctx)\n        if (!state) return\n        const entry = state.toolSpans.get(info.toolCallId)\n        if (!entry) return\n        const { span: toolSpan } = entry\n\n        const outcome = info.ok ? 'success' : 'error'\n        toolSpan.setAttribute('tanstack.ai.tool.outcome', outcome)\n\n        if (!info.ok && info.error !== undefined) {\n          toolSpan.recordException(info.error as Exception)\n          const msg = errorMessage(info.error)\n          toolSpan.setStatus({\n            code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,\n            ...(msg !== undefined && { message: msg }),\n          })\n        }\n\n        if (captureContent) {\n          // Serialization can throw on circular refs or `BigInt` values. If it\n          // does, fall back to a sentinel so the rest of this handler (span\n          // end, onSpanEnd, toolSpans cleanup) still runs — otherwise the tool\n          // span would dangle until the onFinish/onError sweep.\n          const body =\n            typeof info.result === 'string'\n              ? info.result\n              : (safeCall('otel.serializeToolResult', () =>\n                  JSON.stringify(info.result ?? null),\n                ) ?? '[unserializable_tool_result]')\n          const redactedBody = redactContent(body)\n          if (state.currentIterationSpan) {\n            state.currentIterationSpan.addEvent('gen_ai.tool.message', {\n              content: redactedBody,\n              tool_call_id: info.toolCallId,\n            })\n          }\n          // Output panel of the tool span itself — `gen_ai.output.messages` is\n          // what current GenAI semconv consumers (e.g. PostHog) read.\n          const toolOutputJson = JSON.stringify([\n            { role: 'tool', content: redactedBody },\n          ])\n          toolSpan.setAttribute('gen_ai.output.messages', toolOutputJson)\n          // Langfuse-native (highest priority in Langfuse mapping).\n          toolSpan.setAttribute('langfuse.observation.output', toolOutputJson)\n        }\n\n        safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n          onSpanEnd?.(\n            {\n              kind: 'tool',\n              ctx,\n              toolName: info.toolName,\n              toolCallId: info.toolCallId,\n              iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n            },\n            toolSpan,\n          ),\n        )\n        toolSpan.end()\n        state.toolSpans.delete(info.toolCallId)\n      })\n    },\n\n    onError(ctx, info) {\n      if (ctx.activity !== 'chat') {\n        safeCall('otel.onError', () => {\n          const message = errorMessage(info.error)\n          endMediaSpan(ctx, (span) => {\n            span.recordException(info.error as Exception)\n            span.setStatus({\n              code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,\n              ...(message !== undefined ? { message } : {}),\n            })\n          })\n          recordMediaDuration(ctx, info.duration, errorTypeName(info.error))\n        })\n        return\n      }\n      const chatCtx = ctx as ChatMiddlewareContext\n      safeCall('otel.onError', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(chatCtx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        const errType = errorTypeName(info.error)\n        const message = errorMessage(info.error)\n        const statusMessage =\n          message !== undefined ? { message } : ({} as const)\n        const exception = info.error as Exception\n\n        const iterationSpan = state.currentIterationSpan\n        if (iterationSpan) {\n          iterationSpan.recordException(exception)\n          iterationSpan.setStatus({\n            code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,\n            ...statusMessage,\n          })\n          safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n            onSpanEnd?.(\n              {\n                kind: 'iteration',\n                ctx: chatCtx,\n                iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n              },\n              iterationSpan,\n            ),\n          )\n          iterationSpan.end()\n          state.currentIterationSpan = null\n        }\n\n        for (const [id, entry] of state.toolSpans) {\n          const { span, toolName } = entry\n          span.recordException(exception)\n          span.setStatus({ code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR, ...statusMessage })\n          safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n            onSpanEnd?.(\n              {\n                kind: 'tool',\n                ctx: chatCtx,\n                toolCallId: id,\n                toolName,\n                iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n              },\n              span,\n            ),\n          )\n          span.end()\n          state.toolSpans.delete(id)\n        }\n\n        state.rootSpan.recordException(exception)\n        state.rootSpan.setStatus({\n          code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,\n          ...statusMessage,\n        })\n\n        if (durationHistogram) {\n          durationHistogram.record(info.duration / 1000, {\n            'gen_ai.system': chatCtx.provider,\n            'gen_ai.operation.name': 'chat',\n            'gen_ai.request.model': chatCtx.model,\n            'error.type': errType,\n          })\n        }\n\n        safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n          onSpanEnd?.({ kind: 'chat', ctx: chatCtx }, state.rootSpan),\n        )\n        state.rootSpan.end()\n        stateByCtx.delete(chatCtx)\n      })\n    },\n\n    onAbort(ctx, info) {\n      if (ctx.activity !== 'chat') {\n        // Media abandonment (e.g. a video stream dropped before completion).\n        safeCall('otel.onAbort', () => {\n          endMediaSpan(ctx, (span) => {\n            span.setAttribute('tanstack.ai.completion.reason', 'cancelled')\n            span.setStatus({\n              code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR,\n              message: info.reason ?? 'cancelled',\n            })\n          })\n          recordMediaDuration(ctx, info.duration, 'cancelled')\n        })\n        return\n      }\n      const chatCtx = ctx as ChatMiddlewareContext\n      safeCall('otel.onAbort', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(chatCtx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        const closeCancelled = (span: Span): void => {\n          // `gen_ai.completion.reason` is not part of the GenAI semconv; use a\n          // TanStack-namespaced attribute so downstream exporters don't treat\n          // it as standard. The span status still carries the error code.\n          span.setAttribute('tanstack.ai.completion.reason', 'cancelled')\n          span.setStatus({ code: SpanStatusCode.ERROR, message: 'cancelled' })\n        }\n\n        const iterationSpan = state.currentIterationSpan\n        if (iterationSpan) {\n          closeCancelled(iterationSpan)\n          safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n            onSpanEnd?.(\n              {\n                kind: 'iteration',\n                ctx: chatCtx,\n                iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n              },\n              iterationSpan,\n            ),\n          )\n          iterationSpan.end()\n          state.currentIterationSpan = null\n        }\n        for (const [id, entry] of state.toolSpans) {\n          const { span, toolName } = entry\n          closeCancelled(span)\n          safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n            onSpanEnd?.(\n              {\n                kind: 'tool',\n                ctx: chatCtx,\n                toolCallId: id,\n                toolName,\n                iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n              },\n              span,\n            ),\n          )\n          span.end()\n          state.toolSpans.delete(id)\n        }\n        closeCancelled(state.rootSpan)\n\n        if (durationHistogram) {\n          durationHistogram.record(info.duration / 1000, {\n            'gen_ai.system': chatCtx.provider,\n            'gen_ai.operation.name': 'chat',\n            'gen_ai.request.model': chatCtx.model,\n            'error.type': 'cancelled',\n          })\n        }\n\n        safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n          onSpanEnd?.({ kind: 'chat', ctx: chatCtx }, state.rootSpan),\n        )\n        state.rootSpan.end()\n        stateByCtx.delete(chatCtx)\n      })\n    },\n\n    onFinish(ctx, info) {\n      if (ctx.activity !== 'chat') {\n        safeCall('otel.onFinish', () => {\n          endMediaSpan(ctx, (span) => {\n            if (info.usage) span.setAttributes(usageAttributes(info.usage))\n          })\n          recordMediaDuration(ctx, info.duration)\n        })\n        return\n      }\n      const chatCtx = ctx as ChatMiddlewareContext\n      safeCall('otel.onFinish', () => {\n        const state = stateByCtx.get(chatCtx)\n        if (!state) return\n\n        // Close any tool spans that never received `onAfterToolCall` (adapter\n        // quirk). Done before the iteration span so the hierarchy is closed\n        // in depth-first order.\n        for (const [id, entry] of state.toolSpans) {\n          const { span, toolName } = entry\n          span.setAttribute('tanstack.ai.tool.outcome', 'unknown')\n          safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n            onSpanEnd?.(\n              {\n                kind: 'tool',\n                ctx: chatCtx,\n                toolCallId: id,\n                toolName,\n                iteration: state.iterationCount - 1,\n              },\n              span,\n            ),\n          )\n          span.end()\n          state.toolSpans.delete(id)\n        }\n\n        // The final iteration's span is still open because we keep it open\n        // through tool execution and `onUsage`. Close it now.\n        closeIterationSpan(state, chatCtx)\n\n        if (durationHistogram) {\n          durationHistogram.record(info.duration / 1000, {\n            'gen_ai.system': chatCtx.provider,\n            'gen_ai.operation.name': 'chat',\n            'gen_ai.request.model': chatCtx.model,\n          })\n        }\n\n        if (info.usage) {\n          state.rootSpan.setAttributes(usageAttributes(info.usage))\n        }\n        if (state.lastFinishReason) {\n          state.rootSpan.setAttribute('gen_ai.response.finish_reasons', [\n            state.lastFinishReason,\n          ])\n        }\n        state.rootSpan.setAttribute(\n          'tanstack.ai.iterations',\n          state.iterationCount,\n        )\n\n        safeCall('otel.onSpanEnd', () =>\n          onSpanEnd?.({ kind: 'chat', ctx: chatCtx }, state.rootSpan),\n        )\n        state.rootSpan.end()\n        stateByCtx.delete(chatCtx)\n      })\n    },\n  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package/dist/esm/middlewares/usage-attributes.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import { AttributeValue } from '@opentelemetry/api';
+import { TokenUsage } from '../types.js';
+/**
+ * Build the full set of `gen_ai.usage.*` span attributes from a `TokenUsage`.
+ *
+ * Beyond input/output tokens, this emits provider-reported cost, total tokens,
+ * cache and reasoning breakdowns, duration-based billing, and media unit counts
+ * — every field is guarded so spans stay clean when a provider doesn't report
+ * it. Cache and reasoning use the official GenAI semconv names;
+ * `gen_ai.usage.cost` and `gen_ai.usage.total_tokens` are de-facto extensions
+ * consumed by backends like PostHog (which otherwise re-derive cost from their
+ * own price tables, losing cache discounts and gateway markup). Fields with no
+ * semconv or de-facto convention (`costDetails`, `durationSeconds`,
+ * `unitsBilled`) are TanStack-namespaced.
+ *
+ * Shared by `otelMiddleware` across every activity (chat and the media
+ * activities) so usage lands identically whichever activity produced the span.
+ *
+ * Deliberately not emitted: `providerUsageDetails` (a provider-shaped bag,
+ * unsafe to spread onto spans) and the per-modality token breakdowns
+ * (`promptTokensDetails.audioTokens`, etc.) — those can balloon the attribute
+ * set and have no agreed convention yet.
+ */
+export declare function usageAttributes(usage: TokenUsage): Record<string, AttributeValue>;

package/dist/esm/middlewares/usage-attributes.js

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { firstNumber } from "../utilities/numbers.js";
+function usageAttributes(usage) {
+  const attrs = {
+    "gen_ai.usage.input_tokens": usage.promptTokens,
+    "gen_ai.usage.output_tokens": usage.completionTokens
+  };
+  const optional = [
+    ["gen_ai.usage.total_tokens", usage.totalTokens],
+    ["gen_ai.usage.cost", usage.cost],
+    [
+      "gen_ai.usage.cache_read.input_tokens",
+      usage.promptTokensDetails?.cachedTokens
+    ],
+    [
+      "gen_ai.usage.cache_creation.input_tokens",
+      usage.promptTokensDetails?.cacheWriteTokens
+    ],
+    [
+      "gen_ai.usage.reasoning.output_tokens",
+      usage.completionTokensDetails?.reasoningTokens
+    ],
+    ["tanstack.ai.usage.duration_seconds", usage.durationSeconds],
+    ["tanstack.ai.usage.units_billed", usage.unitsBilled],
+    ["tanstack.ai.usage.upstream_cost", usage.costDetails?.upstreamCost],
+    [
+      "tanstack.ai.usage.upstream_input_cost",
+      usage.costDetails?.upstreamInputCost
+    ],
+    [
+      "tanstack.ai.usage.upstream_output_cost",
+      usage.costDetails?.upstreamOutputCost
+    ]
+  ];
+  for (const [key, value] of optional) {
+    const num = firstNumber(value);
+    if (num !== void 0) attrs[key] = num;
+  }
+  return attrs;
+}
+export {
+  usageAttributes
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=usage-attributes.js.map

package/dist/esm/middlewares/usage-attributes.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"usage-attributes.js","sources":["../../../src/middlewares/usage-attributes.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { firstNumber } from '../utilities/numbers'\nimport type { AttributeValue } from '@opentelemetry/api'\nimport type { TokenUsage } from '../types'\n\n/**\n * Build the full set of `gen_ai.usage.*` span attributes from a `TokenUsage`.\n *\n * Beyond input/output tokens, this emits provider-reported cost, total tokens,\n * cache and reasoning breakdowns, duration-based billing, and media unit counts\n * — every field is guarded so spans stay clean when a provider doesn't report\n * it. Cache and reasoning use the official GenAI semconv names;\n * `gen_ai.usage.cost` and `gen_ai.usage.total_tokens` are de-facto extensions\n * consumed by backends like PostHog (which otherwise re-derive cost from their\n * own price tables, losing cache discounts and gateway markup). Fields with no\n * semconv or de-facto convention (`costDetails`, `durationSeconds`,\n * `unitsBilled`) are TanStack-namespaced.\n *\n * Shared by `otelMiddleware` across every activity (chat and the media\n * activities) so usage lands identically whichever activity produced the span.\n *\n * Deliberately not emitted: `providerUsageDetails` (a provider-shaped bag,\n * unsafe to spread onto spans) and the per-modality token breakdowns\n * (`promptTokensDetails.audioTokens`, etc.) — those can balloon the attribute\n * set and have no agreed convention yet.\n */\nexport function usageAttributes(\n  usage: TokenUsage,\n): Record<string, AttributeValue> {\n  const attrs: Record<string, AttributeValue> = {\n    'gen_ai.usage.input_tokens': usage.promptTokens,\n    'gen_ai.usage.output_tokens': usage.completionTokens,\n  }\n  const optional: Array<[key: string, value: unknown]> = [\n    ['gen_ai.usage.total_tokens', usage.totalTokens],\n    ['gen_ai.usage.cost', usage.cost],\n    [\n      'gen_ai.usage.cache_read.input_tokens',\n      usage.promptTokensDetails?.cachedTokens,\n    ],\n    [\n      'gen_ai.usage.cache_creation.input_tokens',\n      usage.promptTokensDetails?.cacheWriteTokens,\n    ],\n    [\n      'gen_ai.usage.reasoning.output_tokens',\n      usage.completionTokensDetails?.reasoningTokens,\n    ],\n    ['tanstack.ai.usage.duration_seconds', usage.durationSeconds],\n    ['tanstack.ai.usage.units_billed', usage.unitsBilled],\n    ['tanstack.ai.usage.upstream_cost', usage.costDetails?.upstreamCost],\n    [\n      'tanstack.ai.usage.upstream_input_cost',\n      usage.costDetails?.upstreamInputCost,\n    ],\n    [\n      'tanstack.ai.usage.upstream_output_cost',\n      usage.costDetails?.upstreamOutputCost,\n    ],\n  ]\n  for (const [key, value] of optional) {\n    const num = firstNumber(value)\n    if (num !== undefined) attrs[key] = num\n  }\n  return attrs\n}\n"],"names":[],"mappings":";AAyBO,SAAS,gBACd,OACgC;AAChC,QAAM,QAAwC;AAAA,IAC5C,6BAA6B,MAAM;AAAA,IACnC,8BAA8B,MAAM;AAAA,EAAA;AAEtC,QAAM,WAAiD;AAAA,IACrD,CAAC,6BAA6B,MAAM,WAAW;AAAA,IAC/C,CAAC,qBAAqB,MAAM,IAAI;AAAA,IAChC;AAAA,MACE;AAAA,MACA,MAAM,qBAAqB;AAAA,IAAA;AAAA,IAE7B;AAAA,MACE;AAAA,MACA,MAAM,qBAAqB;AAAA,IAAA;AAAA,IAE7B;AAAA,MACE;AAAA,MACA,MAAM,yBAAyB;AAAA,IAAA;AAAA,IAEjC,CAAC,sCAAsC,MAAM,eAAe;AAAA,IAC5D,CAAC,kCAAkC,MAAM,WAAW;AAAA,IACpD,CAAC,mCAAmC,MAAM,aAAa,YAAY;AAAA,IACnE;AAAA,MACE;AAAA,MACA,MAAM,aAAa;AAAA,IAAA;AAAA,IAErB;AAAA,MACE;AAAA,MACA,MAAM,aAAa;AAAA,IAAA;AAAA,EACrB;AAEF,aAAW,CAAC,KAAK,KAAK,KAAK,UAAU;AACnC,UAAM,MAAM,YAAY,KAAK;AAC7B,QAAI,QAAQ,OAAW,OAAM,GAAG,IAAI;AAAA,EACtC;AACA,SAAO;AACT;"}

package/dist/esm/types.d.ts

@@ -636,14 +636,14 @@ export interface TextOptions<TProviderOptionsSuperset extends Record<string, any
     systemPrompts?: Array<SystemPrompt>;
     agentLoopStrategy?: AgentLoopStrategy;
     /**
-     * Additional metadata to attach to the request.
-     * Can be used for tracking, debugging, or passing custom information.
-     * Structure and constraints vary by provider.
+     * Observability metadata attached to this call. Surfaced to middleware,
+     * devtools, and the event client; values may be arbitrarily structured
+     * (objects, arrays). Adapters never forward this field onto the provider
+     * wire request.
      *
-     * Provider usage:
-     * - OpenAI: `metadata` (Record<string, string>) - max 16 key-value pairs, keys max 64 chars, values max 512 chars
-     * - Anthropic: `metadata` (Record<string, any>) - includes optional user_id (max 256 chars)
-     * - Gemini: Not directly available in TextProviderOptions
+     * To send provider-side request metadata, use the provider's
+     * `modelOptions` field instead, where the provider supports one (e.g.
+     * OpenAI's and OpenRouter's `metadata` are both Record<string, string>).
      */
     metadata?: Record<string, any> | undefined;
     modelOptions?: TProviderOptionsForModel;

package/dist/esm/utilities/errors.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+/**
+ * Best-effort extraction of a human-readable message from an unknown thrown
+ * value, returning `undefined` when none can be found.
+ *
+ * Used by `otelMiddleware` so error reporting stays identical across chat and
+ * media spans.
+ */
+export declare function errorMessage(err: unknown): string | undefined;
+/**
+ * Best-effort extraction of an error's type name (used for the `error.type`
+ * metric attribute), falling back to `'Error'` when no name is available.
+ */
+export declare function errorTypeName(err: unknown): string;

package/dist/esm/utilities/errors.js

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+function errorMessage(err) {
+  if (err instanceof Error) return err.message;
+  if (typeof err === "string") return err;
+  if (err && typeof err === "object" && "message" in err) {
+    const m = err.message;
+    if (typeof m === "string") return m;
+  }
+  return void 0;
+}
+function errorTypeName(err) {
+  if (err instanceof Error) return err.name || "Error";
+  if (err && typeof err === "object" && "name" in err) {
+    const n = err.name;
+    if (typeof n === "string") return n;
+  }
+  return "Error";
+}
+export {
+  errorMessage,
+  errorTypeName
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=errors.js.map

package/dist/esm/utilities/errors.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"errors.js","sources":["../../../src/utilities/errors.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Best-effort extraction of a human-readable message from an unknown thrown\n * value, returning `undefined` when none can be found.\n *\n * Used by `otelMiddleware` so error reporting stays identical across chat and\n * media spans.\n */\nexport function errorMessage(err: unknown): string | undefined {\n  if (err instanceof Error) return err.message\n  if (typeof err === 'string') return err\n  if (err && typeof err === 'object' && 'message' in err) {\n    const m = (err as { message?: unknown }).message\n    if (typeof m === 'string') return m\n  }\n  return undefined\n}\n\n/**\n * Best-effort extraction of an error's type name (used for the `error.type`\n * metric attribute), falling back to `'Error'` when no name is available.\n */\nexport function errorTypeName(err: unknown): string {\n  if (err instanceof Error) return err.name || 'Error'\n  if (err && typeof err === 'object' && 'name' in err) {\n    const n = (err as { name?: unknown }).name\n    if (typeof n === 'string') return n\n  }\n  return 'Error'\n}\n"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAOO,SAAS,aAAa,KAAkC;AAC7D,MAAI,eAAe,MAAO,QAAO,IAAI;AACrC,MAAI,OAAO,QAAQ,SAAU,QAAO;AACpC,MAAI,OAAO,OAAO,QAAQ,YAAY,aAAa,KAAK;AACtD,UAAM,IAAK,IAA8B;AACzC,QAAI,OAAO,MAAM,SAAU,QAAO;AAAA,EACpC;AACA,SAAO;AACT;AAMO,SAAS,cAAc,KAAsB;AAClD,MAAI,eAAe,MAAO,QAAO,IAAI,QAAQ;AAC7C,MAAI,OAAO,OAAO,QAAQ,YAAY,UAAU,KAAK;AACnD,UAAM,IAAK,IAA2B;AACtC,QAAI,OAAO,MAAM,SAAU,QAAO;AAAA,EACpC;AACA,SAAO;AACT;"}

package/dist/esm/utilities/numbers.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Return the first candidate that is a finite `number`, or `undefined`.
+ *
+ * Handy for picking a value from among several possible spellings/sources where
+ * only some are populated — e.g. the provider-native sampling option names read
+ * by the OTel middleware, or the optional numeric fields on `TokenUsage`.
+ */
+export declare function firstNumber(...candidates: Array<unknown>): number | undefined;

package/dist/esm/utilities/numbers.js

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+function firstNumber(...candidates) {
+  for (const candidate of candidates) {
+    if (typeof candidate === "number" && Number.isFinite(candidate)) {
+      return candidate;
+    }
+  }
+  return void 0;
+}
+export {
+  firstNumber
+};
+//# sourceMappingURL=numbers.js.map

package/dist/esm/utilities/numbers.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"numbers.js","sources":["../../../src/utilities/numbers.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * Return the first candidate that is a finite `number`, or `undefined`.\n *\n * Handy for picking a value from among several possible spellings/sources where\n * only some are populated — e.g. the provider-native sampling option names read\n * by the OTel middleware, or the optional numeric fields on `TokenUsage`.\n */\nexport function firstNumber(...candidates: Array<unknown>): number | undefined {\n  for (const candidate of candidates) {\n    if (typeof candidate === 'number' && Number.isFinite(candidate)) {\n      return candidate\n    }\n  }\n  return undefined\n}\n"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAOO,SAAS,eAAe,YAAgD;AAC7E,aAAW,aAAa,YAAY;AAClC,QAAI,OAAO,cAAc,YAAY,OAAO,SAAS,SAAS,GAAG;AAC/D,aAAO;AAAA,IACT;AAAA,EACF;AACA,SAAO;AACT;"}

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@tanstack/ai",
-  "version": "0.32.0",
+  "version": "0.33.0",
   "description": "Type-safe TypeScript AI SDK for streaming chat, tool calling, agents, structured outputs, and multimodal generation.",
   "author": "Tanner Linsley",
   "license": "MIT",
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
     "@ag-ui/core": "^0.0.52",
     "@standard-schema/spec": "^1.1.0",
     "partial-json": "^0.1.7",
-    "@tanstack/ai-event-client": "0.6.3"
+    "@tanstack/ai-event-client": "0.6.4"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@opentelemetry/api": ">=1.9.0"

package/src/activities/chat/index.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,11 @@ import type {
   ClientToolRequest,
   ToolResult,
 } from './tools/tool-calls'
-import type { AnyTextAdapter, StructuredOutputOptions } from './adapter'
+import type {
+  AnyTextAdapter,
+  StructuredOutputOptions,
+  StructuredOutputResult,
+} from './adapter'
 import type {
   AgentLoopStrategy,
   AnyTool,
@@ -646,6 +650,7 @@ class TextEngine<
         this.deferredPromises.push(promise)
       },
       // Provider / adapter info
+      activity: 'chat',
       provider: config.adapter.name,
       model: config.params.model,
       source: 'server',
@@ -1197,6 +1202,23 @@ class TextEngine<
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Tools available for execution this turn. The discovery tool is dropped
+   * from the advertised set (`this.tools`) once every lazy tool is discovered,
+   * but a model may still re-request discovery; this widens execution lookup
+   * to include it so such calls don't fail with "Unknown tool". Centralised so
+   * both execution sites (`processToolCalls` and `checkForPendingToolCalls`)
+   * stay in sync.
+   */
+  private resolveExecutableTools(
+    toolCalls: ReadonlyArray<ToolCall>,
+  ): ReadonlyArray<AnyTool> {
+    return this.lazyToolManager.getExecutableTools(
+      this.tools,
+      toolCalls.map((tc) => tc.function.name),
+    )
+  }
+
   private async *checkForPendingToolCalls(): AsyncGenerator<
     StreamChunk,
     ToolPhaseResult,
@@ -1245,7 +1267,7 @@ class TextEngine<
 
     const generator = executeToolCalls(
       executablePendingCalls,
-      this.tools,
+      this.resolveExecutableTools(executablePendingCalls),
       approvals,
       clientToolResults,
       (eventName, data) => this.createCustomEventChunk(eventName, data),
@@ -1407,7 +1429,7 @@ class TextEngine<
 
     const generator = executeToolCalls(
       executableToolCalls,
-      this.tools,
+      this.resolveExecutableTools(executableToolCalls),
       approvals,
       clientToolResults,
       (eventName, data) => this.createCustomEventChunk(eventName, data),
@@ -2861,7 +2883,7 @@ async function* fallbackStructuredOutputStream(
     timestamp,
   }
 
-  let result: { data: unknown; rawText: string }
+  let result: StructuredOutputResult<unknown>
   try {
     result = await adapter.structuredOutput(options)
   } catch (error) {
@@ -2917,6 +2939,12 @@ async function* fallbackStructuredOutputStream(
     model,
     timestamp,
     finishReason: 'stop',
+    // Forward adapter-reported token usage so consumers reading
+    // `RUN_FINISHED.usage` (and the engine's `runOnUsage` middleware hook) see
+    // it on the fallback path, mirroring the native streaming path. The
+    // conditional spread avoids emitting `usage: undefined` for adapters that
+    // don't report it. See #758.
+    ...(result.usage ? { usage: result.usage } : {}),
   }
 }
 

package/src/activities/chat/middleware/types.ts

@@ -80,6 +80,13 @@ export interface ChatMiddlewareContext<TContext = unknown> {
 
   // --- Provider / adapter info (immutable for the lifetime of the request) ---
 
+  /**
+   * Which activity this context describes — always `'chat'`. Present so the
+   * chat context structurally satisfies the base `GenerationMiddlewareContext`,
+   * letting an observe-only middleware authored against the base (e.g.
+   * `otelMiddleware`) run on both chat and media activities.
+   */
+  activity: 'chat'
   /** Provider name (e.g., 'openai', 'anthropic') */
   provider: string
   /** Model identifier (e.g., 'gpt-4o') */

package/src/activities/chat/tools/lazy-tool-manager.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
 import { convertSchemaToJsonSchema } from './schema-converter'
-import type { Tool } from '../../../types'
+import type { AnyTool, Tool } from '../../../types'
 
-const DISCOVERY_TOOL_NAME = '__lazy__tool__discovery__'
+/**
+ * Name of the synthetic tool the LLM calls to discover lazy tools.
+ *
+ * Exported so callers building custom message-compaction / history-trimming
+ * logic can reference the discovery tool by constant instead of hard-coding
+ * the string (which is an internal contract that could change).
+ */
+export const DISCOVERY_TOOL_NAME = '__lazy__tool__discovery__'
 
 /**
  * Manages lazy tool discovery for the chat agent loop.
@@ -87,6 +94,35 @@ export class LazyToolManager {
     return active
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns the tools that should be available for *execution* this turn.
+   *
+   * This is the advertised set (`getActiveTools()`, passed in as `activeTools`)
+   * plus the discovery tool when a pending call references it but it is no
+   * longer advertised. Once every lazy tool has been discovered the discovery
+   * tool is dropped from the advertised set, but a model may still re-request
+   * discovery (long context / hallucination); keeping it executable lets that
+   * call return the schemas again instead of failing with "Unknown tool".
+   *
+   * The advertised set is intentionally left unchanged — only execution lookup
+   * is widened. Operates on the already-built `activeTools`: it must NOT call
+   * `getActiveTools()`, which would reset `hasNewDiscoveries` before the
+   * post-execution refresh check in the agent loop.
+   */
+  getExecutableTools(
+    activeTools: ReadonlyArray<AnyTool>,
+    pendingToolCallNames: ReadonlyArray<string>,
+  ): ReadonlyArray<AnyTool> {
+    if (
+      this.discoveryTool &&
+      pendingToolCallNames.includes(DISCOVERY_TOOL_NAME) &&
+      !activeTools.some((t) => t.name === DISCOVERY_TOOL_NAME)
+    ) {
+      return [...activeTools, this.discoveryTool]
+    }
+    return activeTools
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns whether new tools have been discovered since the last getActiveTools() call.
    */
@@ -221,8 +257,14 @@ export class LazyToolManager {
         for (const name of args.toolNames) {
           const tool = lazyToolMap.get(name)
           if (tool) {
-            manager.discoveredTools.add(name)
-            manager.hasNewDiscoveries = true
+            // Only flag a refresh for genuinely new discoveries. Re-requesting
+            // an already-discovered tool still returns its schema below (the
+            // model asked for it), but must not trigger a redundant tool-list
+            // refresh + continue in the agent loop.
+            if (!manager.discoveredTools.has(name)) {
+              manager.discoveredTools.add(name)
+              manager.hasNewDiscoveries = true
+            }
             const jsonSchema = tool.inputSchema
               ? convertSchemaToJsonSchema(tool.inputSchema)
               : undefined