@syncular/server 0.0.6-95 → 0.1.0

package/src/hono/console/gateway.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3046 @@
+import {
+  createSyncularErrorResponse,
+  type SyncularErrorCode,
+} from '@syncular/core';
+import type { Context } from 'hono';
+import { Hono } from 'hono';
+import { cors } from 'hono/cors';
+import type { UpgradeWebSocket } from 'hono/ws';
+import { resolver } from 'hono-openapi';
+import { z } from 'zod';
+import { consoleValidator as zValidator } from '../validation';
+import { isWebSocketOriginAllowed } from '../websocket-origin';
+import {
+  closeUnauthenticatedSocket,
+  parseBearerToken,
+  parseWebSocketAuthToken,
+} from './live-auth';
+import { describeConsoleGatewayRoute } from './route-descriptor';
+import type {
+  ConsoleApiKey,
+  ConsoleApiKeyBulkRevokeResponse,
+  ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponse,
+  ConsoleClient,
+  ConsoleCommitListItem,
+  ConsoleOperationEvent,
+  ConsolePaginatedResponse,
+  ConsoleRequestEvent,
+  ConsoleTimelineItem,
+  LatencyPercentiles,
+  LatencyStatsResponse,
+  SyncStats,
+  TimeseriesBucket,
+  TimeseriesStatsResponse,
+} from './schemas';
+import {
+  ApiKeyTypeSchema,
+  ConsoleApiKeyBulkRevokeRequestSchema,
+  ConsoleApiKeyBulkRevokeResponseSchema,
+  ConsoleApiKeyCreateRequestSchema,
+  ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponseSchema,
+  ConsoleApiKeyRevokeResponseSchema,
+  ConsoleApiKeySchema,
+  ConsoleClearEventsResultSchema,
+  ConsoleClientSchema,
+  ConsoleCommitDetailSchema,
+  ConsoleCommitListItemSchema,
+  ConsoleCompactResultSchema,
+  ConsoleEvictResultSchema,
+  ConsoleHandlerSchema,
+  ConsoleOperationEventSchema,
+  ConsoleOperationsQuerySchema,
+  ConsolePaginatedResponseSchema,
+  ConsolePaginationQuerySchema,
+  ConsolePartitionedPaginationQuerySchema,
+  ConsolePartitionQuerySchema,
+  ConsolePruneEventsResultSchema,
+  ConsolePrunePreviewSchema,
+  ConsolePruneResultSchema,
+  ConsoleRequestEventSchema,
+  ConsoleRequestPayloadSchema,
+  ConsoleTimelineItemSchema,
+  ConsoleTimelineQuerySchema,
+  LatencyQuerySchema,
+  LatencyStatsResponseSchema,
+  SyncStatsSchema,
+  TimeseriesQuerySchema,
+  TimeseriesStatsResponseSchema,
+} from './schemas';
+import type { ConsoleAuthResult } from './types';
+
+type ConsoleGatewayErrorStatus = 400 | 401 | 403 | 404 | 502;
+
+function consoleGatewayError(
+  c: Context,
+  status: ConsoleGatewayErrorStatus,
+  code: SyncularErrorCode,
+  options: { message?: string; details?: Record<string, unknown> } = {}
+): Response {
+  return c.json(createSyncularErrorResponse(code, options), status);
+}
+
+export interface ConsoleGatewayInstance {
+  instanceId: string;
+  label?: string;
+  baseUrl: string;
+  token?: string;
+  enabled?: boolean;
+}
+
+interface ConsoleGatewayDownstreamSocket {
+  onopen?: ((event: Event) => void) | null;
+  onmessage: ((event: MessageEvent) => void) | null;
+  onerror: ((event: Event) => void) | null;
+  close: () => void;
+  send?: (data: string) => void;
+}
+
+export interface CreateConsoleGatewayRoutesOptions {
+  instances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[];
+  authenticate: (c: Context) => Promise<ConsoleAuthResult | null>;
+  corsOrigins?: string[] | '*';
+  fetchImpl?: typeof fetch;
+  websocket?: {
+    enabled?: boolean;
+    upgradeWebSocket?: UpgradeWebSocket;
+    heartbeatIntervalMs?: number;
+    createWebSocket?: (url: string) => ConsoleGatewayDownstreamSocket;
+    maxMessageBytes?: number;
+    maxMessagesPerWindow?: number;
+    messageRateWindowMs?: number;
+    /**
+     * - undefined: allow same-origin browser upgrades and origin-less non-browser clients
+     * - '*': allow all origins
+     * - string[]: exact origin match (scheme + host + port)
+     */
+    allowedOrigins?: string[] | '*';
+  };
+}
+
+interface GatewayFailure {
+  instanceId: string;
+  reason: string;
+  status?: number;
+}
+
+const GatewayFailureSchema = z.object({
+  instanceId: z.string(),
+  reason: z.string(),
+  status: z.number().int().optional(),
+});
+
+const GatewayMetadataSchema = z.object({
+  partial: z.boolean(),
+  failedInstances: z.array(GatewayFailureSchema),
+});
+
+const GatewayInstanceSchema = z.object({
+  instanceId: z.string(),
+  label: z.string(),
+  baseUrl: z.string(),
+  enabled: z.boolean(),
+});
+
+const GatewayInstancesResponseSchema = z.object({
+  items: z.array(GatewayInstanceSchema),
+});
+
+const GatewayInstanceHealthSchema = GatewayInstanceSchema.extend({
+  healthy: z.boolean(),
+  status: z.number().int().optional(),
+  reason: z.string().optional(),
+  responseTimeMs: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
+  checkedAt: z.string(),
+});
+
+const GatewayInstancesHealthResponseSchema = z.object({
+  items: z.array(GatewayInstanceHealthSchema),
+  partial: GatewayMetadataSchema.shape.partial,
+  failedInstances: GatewayMetadataSchema.shape.failedInstances,
+});
+
+const GatewayInstanceFilterSchema = z.object({
+  instanceId: z.string().min(1).optional(),
+  instanceIds: z.string().min(1).optional(),
+});
+
+const GatewayStatsQuerySchema = ConsolePartitionQuerySchema.extend(
+  GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape
+);
+
+const GatewayTimeseriesQuerySchema = TimeseriesQuerySchema.extend(
+  GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape
+);
+
+const GatewayLatencyQuerySchema = LatencyQuerySchema.extend(
+  GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape
+);
+
+const GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema = GatewayInstanceFilterSchema;
+
+const GatewaySingleInstancePartitionQuerySchema =
+  ConsolePartitionQuerySchema.extend(GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape);
+
+type GatewayInstanceFilterQuery = {
+  instanceId?: string;
+  instanceIds?: string;
+};
+
+const GatewayApiKeyStatusSchema = z.enum(['active', 'revoked', 'expiring']);
+
+const GatewayApiKeysQuerySchema = ConsolePaginationQuerySchema.extend({
+  ...GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape,
+  type: ApiKeyTypeSchema.optional(),
+  status: GatewayApiKeyStatusSchema.optional(),
+  expiresWithinDays: z.coerce.number().int().min(1).max(365).optional(),
+});
+
+const GatewayPaginatedQuerySchema =
+  ConsolePartitionedPaginationQuerySchema.extend(
+    GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape
+  );
+
+const GatewayTimelineQuerySchema = ConsoleTimelineQuerySchema.extend(
+  GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape
+);
+
+const GatewayOperationsQuerySchema = ConsoleOperationsQuerySchema.extend(
+  GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape
+);
+
+const GatewayEventsQuerySchema = ConsolePartitionedPaginationQuerySchema.extend(
+  {
+    ...GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape,
+    eventType: z.enum(['sync', 'push', 'pull']).optional(),
+    actorId: z.string().optional(),
+    clientId: z.string().optional(),
+    requestId: z.string().optional(),
+    traceId: z.string().optional(),
+    syncAttemptId: z.string().optional(),
+    outcome: z.string().optional(),
+  }
+);
+
+const GatewayEventPathParamSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string().min(1),
+});
+
+const GatewayCommitPathParamSchema = z.object({
+  seq: z.string().min(1),
+});
+
+const GatewayClientPathParamSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string().min(1),
+});
+
+const GatewayApiKeyPathParamSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string().min(1),
+});
+
+const GatewayNotifyDataChangeRequestSchema = z.object({
+  tables: z.array(z.string().min(1)).min(1),
+  partitionId: z.string().optional(),
+});
+
+const GatewayNotifyDataChangeResponseSchema = z.object({
+  commitSeq: z.number(),
+  tables: z.array(z.string()),
+  deletedChunks: z.number(),
+});
+
+const GatewayHandlersResponseSchema = z.object({
+  items: z.array(ConsoleHandlerSchema),
+});
+
+const GatewayCommitItemSchema = ConsoleCommitListItemSchema.extend({
+  instanceId: z.string(),
+  federatedCommitId: z.string(),
+});
+
+const GatewayCommitDetailSchema = ConsoleCommitDetailSchema.extend({
+  instanceId: z.string(),
+  federatedCommitId: z.string(),
+  localCommitSeq: z.number().int(),
+});
+
+const GatewayClientItemSchema = ConsoleClientSchema.extend({
+  instanceId: z.string(),
+  federatedClientId: z.string(),
+});
+
+const GatewayTimelineItemSchema = ConsoleTimelineItemSchema.extend({
+  instanceId: z.string(),
+  federatedTimelineId: z.string(),
+  localCommitSeq: z.number().int().nullable(),
+  localEventId: z.number().int().nullable(),
+});
+
+const GatewayOperationItemSchema = ConsoleOperationEventSchema.extend({
+  instanceId: z.string(),
+  federatedOperationId: z.string(),
+  localOperationId: z.number().int(),
+});
+
+const GatewayEventItemSchema = ConsoleRequestEventSchema.extend({
+  instanceId: z.string(),
+  federatedEventId: z.string(),
+  localEventId: z.number().int(),
+});
+
+const GatewayEventPayloadSchema = ConsoleRequestPayloadSchema.extend({
+  instanceId: z.string(),
+  federatedEventId: z.string(),
+  localEventId: z.number().int(),
+});
+
+const GatewayStatsResponseSchema = SyncStatsSchema.extend({
+  maxCommitSeqByInstance: z.record(z.string(), z.number().int()),
+  minCommitSeqByInstance: z.record(z.string(), z.number().int()),
+  partial: GatewayMetadataSchema.shape.partial,
+  failedInstances: GatewayMetadataSchema.shape.failedInstances,
+});
+
+const GatewayTimeseriesResponseSchema = TimeseriesStatsResponseSchema.extend({
+  partial: GatewayMetadataSchema.shape.partial,
+  failedInstances: GatewayMetadataSchema.shape.failedInstances,
+});
+
+const GatewayLatencyResponseSchema = LatencyStatsResponseSchema.extend({
+  partial: GatewayMetadataSchema.shape.partial,
+  failedInstances: GatewayMetadataSchema.shape.failedInstances,
+});
+
+const GatewayPaginatedResponseSchema = <T extends z.ZodTypeAny>(
+  itemSchema: T
+) =>
+  ConsolePaginatedResponseSchema(itemSchema).extend({
+    partial: GatewayMetadataSchema.shape.partial,
+    failedInstances: GatewayMetadataSchema.shape.failedInstances,
+  });
+
+function toErrorMessage(error: unknown): string {
+  if (error instanceof Error && error.message.trim().length > 0) {
+    return error.message;
+  }
+  if (typeof error === 'string' && error.trim().length > 0) {
+    return error;
+  }
+  return 'Request failed';
+}
+
+function resolveBaseUrl(baseUrl: string, requestUrl: string): URL {
+  try {
+    return new URL(baseUrl);
+  } catch {
+    return new URL(baseUrl, requestUrl);
+  }
+}
+
+function normalizeInstances(
+  instances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[]
+): ConsoleGatewayInstance[] {
+  if (instances.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error('Console gateway requires at least one instance');
+  }
+
+  const seen = new Set<string>();
+  return instances.map((instance) => {
+    const normalizedInstanceId = instance.instanceId.trim();
+    if (!normalizedInstanceId) {
+      throw new Error('Console gateway instanceId cannot be empty');
+    }
+    if (seen.has(normalizedInstanceId)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Duplicate console gateway instanceId: ${normalizedInstanceId}`
+      );
+    }
+    seen.add(normalizedInstanceId);
+
+    const normalizedBaseUrl = instance.baseUrl.trim();
+    if (!normalizedBaseUrl) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Console gateway baseUrl cannot be empty for instance: ${normalizedInstanceId}`
+      );
+    }
+
+    return {
+      instanceId: normalizedInstanceId,
+      label: instance.label?.trim() || normalizedInstanceId,
+      baseUrl: normalizedBaseUrl,
+      token: instance.token?.trim(),
+      enabled: instance.enabled ?? true,
+    };
+  });
+}
+
+function parseRequestedInstanceIds(query: {
+  instanceId?: string;
+  instanceIds?: string;
+}): Set<string> {
+  const ids = new Set<string>();
+  const single = query.instanceId?.trim();
+  if (single) {
+    ids.add(single);
+  }
+
+  const multi = query.instanceIds
+    ?.split(',')
+    .map((value) => value.trim())
+    .filter((value) => value.length > 0);
+  for (const value of multi ?? []) {
+    ids.add(value);
+  }
+
+  return ids;
+}
+
+function selectInstances(args: {
+  instances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[];
+  query: { instanceId?: string; instanceIds?: string };
+}): ConsoleGatewayInstance[] {
+  const enabledInstances = args.instances.filter(
+    (instance) => instance.enabled
+  );
+  const requestedIds = parseRequestedInstanceIds(args.query);
+  if (requestedIds.size === 0) {
+    return enabledInstances;
+  }
+  return enabledInstances.filter((instance) =>
+    requestedIds.has(instance.instanceId)
+  );
+}
+
+function findInstanceById(args: {
+  instances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[];
+  instanceId: string;
+}): ConsoleGatewayInstance | null {
+  const instance = args.instances.find(
+    (candidate) =>
+      candidate.instanceId === args.instanceId && Boolean(candidate.enabled)
+  );
+  return instance ?? null;
+}
+
+function parseFederatedNumericId(value: string): {
+  instanceId: string;
+  localId: number;
+} | null {
+  const separatorIndex = value.indexOf(':');
+  if (separatorIndex <= 0 || separatorIndex >= value.length - 1) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const instanceId = value.slice(0, separatorIndex).trim();
+  const localIdRaw = value.slice(separatorIndex + 1).trim();
+  const localId = Number(localIdRaw);
+  if (!instanceId || !Number.isInteger(localId) || localId <= 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return { instanceId, localId };
+}
+
+function parseLocalNumericId(value: string): number | null {
+  const normalized = value.trim();
+  if (!normalized) return null;
+  const parsed = Number(normalized);
+  if (!Number.isInteger(parsed) || parsed <= 0) return null;
+  return parsed;
+}
+
+function noInstancesSelectedResponse(): {
+  ok: false;
+  status: 400;
+  error: 'no_instances_selected';
+  message: string;
+} {
+  return {
+    ok: false,
+    status: 400,
+    error: 'no_instances_selected',
+    message: 'No enabled instances matched the provided instance filter.',
+  };
+}
+
+function resolveSingleSelectedInstance(args: {
+  instances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[];
+  query: GatewayInstanceFilterQuery;
+  onMultiple: { error: string; message: string };
+}):
+  | { ok: true; instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance }
+  | { ok: false; status: 400; error: string; message: string } {
+  const selectedInstances = selectInstances(args);
+  if (selectedInstances.length === 0) {
+    return noInstancesSelectedResponse();
+  }
+  if (selectedInstances.length > 1) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      status: 400,
+      error: args.onMultiple.error,
+      message: args.onMultiple.message,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const instance = selectedInstances[0];
+  if (!instance) {
+    return noInstancesSelectedResponse();
+  }
+  return { ok: true, instance };
+}
+
+function resolveFederatedOrLocalNumericTarget(args: {
+  id: string;
+  instances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[];
+  query: GatewayInstanceFilterQuery;
+  invalidMessage: string;
+  ambiguousError: string;
+  ambiguousMessage: string;
+}):
+  | { ok: true; instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance; localId: number }
+  | { ok: false; status: 400 | 404; error: string; message?: string } {
+  const federated = parseFederatedNumericId(args.id);
+  if (federated) {
+    const instance = findInstanceById({
+      instances: args.instances,
+      instanceId: federated.instanceId,
+    });
+    if (!instance) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        status: 404,
+        error: 'not_found',
+        message: 'Instance not found',
+      };
+    }
+    return { ok: true, instance, localId: federated.localId };
+  }
+
+  const localId = parseLocalNumericId(args.id);
+  if (localId === null) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      status: 400,
+      error: 'invalid_federated_id',
+      message: args.invalidMessage,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const selection = resolveSingleSelectedInstance({
+    instances: args.instances,
+    query: args.query,
+    onMultiple: {
+      error: args.ambiguousError,
+      message: args.ambiguousMessage,
+    },
+  });
+  if (!selection.ok) return selection;
+
+  return { ok: true, instance: selection.instance, localId };
+}
+
+function resolveEventTarget(args: {
+  id: string;
+  instances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[];
+  query: GatewayInstanceFilterQuery;
+}):
+  | { ok: true; instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance; localEventId: number }
+  | { ok: false; status: 400 | 404; error: string; message?: string } {
+  const resolved = resolveFederatedOrLocalNumericTarget({
+    id: args.id,
+    instances: args.instances,
+    query: args.query,
+    invalidMessage:
+      'Expected either "<instanceId>:<eventId>" or "<eventId>" with an explicit instance filter.',
+    ambiguousError: 'ambiguous_event_id',
+    ambiguousMessage:
+      'Local event IDs are ambiguous across multiple instances. Use "<instanceId>:<eventId>" or select one instance.',
+  });
+  if (!resolved.ok) return resolved;
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    instance: resolved.instance,
+    localEventId: resolved.localId,
+  };
+}
+
+function resolveCommitTarget(args: {
+  seq: string;
+  instances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[];
+  query: GatewayInstanceFilterQuery;
+}):
+  | { ok: true; instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance; localCommitSeq: number }
+  | { ok: false; status: 400 | 404; error: string; message?: string } {
+  const resolved = resolveFederatedOrLocalNumericTarget({
+    id: args.seq,
+    instances: args.instances,
+    query: args.query,
+    invalidMessage:
+      'Expected either "<instanceId>:<commitSeq>" or "<commitSeq>" with an explicit instance filter.',
+    ambiguousError: 'ambiguous_commit_id',
+    ambiguousMessage:
+      'Local commit IDs are ambiguous across multiple instances. Use "<instanceId>:<commitSeq>" or select one instance.',
+  });
+  if (!resolved.ok) return resolved;
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    instance: resolved.instance,
+    localCommitSeq: resolved.localId,
+  };
+}
+
+function resolveSingleInstanceTarget(args: {
+  instances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[];
+  query: GatewayInstanceFilterQuery;
+}):
+  | { ok: true; instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance }
+  | { ok: false; status: 400; error: string; message: string } {
+  return resolveSingleSelectedInstance({
+    ...args,
+    onMultiple: {
+      error: 'instance_required',
+      message:
+        'This endpoint requires exactly one target instance. Provide `instanceId` or a single-value `instanceIds` filter.',
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+function minNullable(values: Array<number | null>): number | null {
+  const filtered = values.filter((value): value is number => value !== null);
+  if (filtered.length === 0) return null;
+  return Math.min(...filtered);
+}
+
+function maxNullable(values: Array<number | null>): number | null {
+  const filtered = values.filter((value): value is number => value !== null);
+  if (filtered.length === 0) return null;
+  return Math.max(...filtered);
+}
+
+function compareIsoDesc(a: string, b: string): number {
+  const aMs = Date.parse(a);
+  const bMs = Date.parse(b);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(aMs) && !Number.isFinite(bMs)) return 0;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(aMs)) return 1;
+  if (!Number.isFinite(bMs)) return -1;
+  return bMs - aMs;
+}
+
+interface TimeseriesBucketAccumulator {
+  pushCount: number;
+  pullCount: number;
+  errorCount: number;
+  latencySum: number;
+  eventCount: number;
+}
+
+function createTimeseriesBucketAccumulator(): TimeseriesBucketAccumulator {
+  return {
+    pushCount: 0,
+    pullCount: 0,
+    errorCount: 0,
+    latencySum: 0,
+    eventCount: 0,
+  };
+}
+
+function mergeTimeseriesBuckets(
+  responses: TimeseriesStatsResponse[]
+): TimeseriesBucket[] {
+  const bucketMap = new Map<string, TimeseriesBucketAccumulator>();
+
+  for (const response of responses) {
+    for (const bucket of response.buckets) {
+      const existing =
+        bucketMap.get(bucket.timestamp) ?? createTimeseriesBucketAccumulator();
+      existing.pushCount += bucket.pushCount;
+      existing.pullCount += bucket.pullCount;
+      existing.errorCount += bucket.errorCount;
+
+      const bucketEventCount = bucket.pushCount + bucket.pullCount;
+      if (bucketEventCount > 0) {
+        existing.latencySum += bucket.avgLatencyMs * bucketEventCount;
+        existing.eventCount += bucketEventCount;
+      }
+
+      bucketMap.set(bucket.timestamp, existing);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return Array.from(bucketMap.entries())
+    .sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b))
+    .map(([timestamp, bucket]) => ({
+      timestamp,
+      pushCount: bucket.pushCount,
+      pullCount: bucket.pullCount,
+      errorCount: bucket.errorCount,
+      avgLatencyMs:
+        bucket.eventCount > 0 ? bucket.latencySum / bucket.eventCount : 0,
+    }));
+}
+
+function averagePercentiles(values: LatencyPercentiles[]): LatencyPercentiles {
+  if (values.length === 0) {
+    return { p50: 0, p90: 0, p99: 0 };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    p50: values.reduce((acc, value) => acc + value.p50, 0) / values.length,
+    p90: values.reduce((acc, value) => acc + value.p90, 0) / values.length,
+    p99: values.reduce((acc, value) => acc + value.p99, 0) / values.length,
+  };
+}
+
+function sanitizeForwardQueryParams(query: URLSearchParams): URLSearchParams {
+  const sanitized = new URLSearchParams(query);
+  sanitized.delete('instanceId');
+  sanitized.delete('instanceIds');
+  return sanitized;
+}
+
+function withPaging(
+  params: URLSearchParams,
+  paging: { limit: number; offset: number }
+): URLSearchParams {
+  const next = new URLSearchParams(params);
+  next.set('limit', String(paging.limit));
+  next.set('offset', String(paging.offset));
+  return next;
+}
+
+function buildConsoleEndpointUrl(args: {
+  instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance;
+  requestUrl: string;
+  path: string;
+  query?: URLSearchParams;
+}): string {
+  const baseUrl = resolveBaseUrl(args.instance.baseUrl, args.requestUrl);
+  const basePath = baseUrl.pathname.endsWith('/')
+    ? baseUrl.pathname.slice(0, -1)
+    : baseUrl.pathname;
+  const suffix = args.path.startsWith('/') ? args.path : `/${args.path}`;
+  baseUrl.pathname = `${basePath}/console${suffix}`;
+  baseUrl.search = args.query?.toString() ?? '';
+  return baseUrl.toString();
+}
+
+function resolveForwardAuthorization(args: {
+  c: Context;
+  instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance;
+}): string | null {
+  if (args.instance.token) {
+    return `Bearer ${args.instance.token}`;
+  }
+  const header = args.c.req.header('Authorization')?.trim();
+  if (header) {
+    return header;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+async function fetchDownstreamJson<T>(args: {
+  c: Context;
+  instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance;
+  path: string;
+  query?: URLSearchParams;
+  schema: z.ZodType<T>;
+  fetchImpl: typeof fetch;
+}): Promise<{ ok: true; data: T } | { ok: false; failure: GatewayFailure }> {
+  const url = buildConsoleEndpointUrl({
+    instance: args.instance,
+    requestUrl: args.c.req.url,
+    path: args.path,
+    query: args.query,
+  });
+
+  const headers = new Headers();
+  headers.set('Accept', 'application/json');
+  const authorization = resolveForwardAuthorization({
+    c: args.c,
+    instance: args.instance,
+  });
+  if (authorization) {
+    headers.set('Authorization', authorization);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const response = await args.fetchImpl(url, {
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers,
+    });
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        failure: {
+          instanceId: args.instance.instanceId,
+          reason: `HTTP ${response.status}`,
+          status: response.status,
+        },
+      };
+    }
+
+    const payload = await response.json();
+    const parsed = args.schema.safeParse(payload);
+    if (!parsed.success) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        failure: {
+          instanceId: args.instance.instanceId,
+          reason: 'Invalid response payload',
+        },
+      };
+    }
+
+    return { ok: true, data: parsed.data };
+  } catch (error) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      failure: {
+        instanceId: args.instance.instanceId,
+        reason: toErrorMessage(error),
+      },
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+async function parseDownstreamBody(response: Response): Promise<unknown> {
+  const text = await response.text();
+  if (!text.trim()) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  try {
+    return JSON.parse(text) as unknown;
+  } catch {
+    return text;
+  }
+}
+
+function normalizeDownstreamError(args: {
+  body: unknown;
+  status: number;
+  instanceId: string;
+}): Record<string, unknown> {
+  if (args.body && typeof args.body === 'object' && !Array.isArray(args.body)) {
+    return {
+      ...(args.body as Record<string, unknown>),
+      instanceId: args.instanceId,
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (typeof args.body === 'string' && args.body.trim().length > 0) {
+    return {
+      error: 'downstream_error',
+      message: args.body,
+      instanceId: args.instanceId,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    error: 'downstream_error',
+    status: args.status,
+    instanceId: args.instanceId,
+  };
+}
+
+async function forwardDownstreamJsonRequest<T>(args: {
+  c: Context;
+  instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance;
+  method: 'GET' | 'POST' | 'DELETE';
+  path: string;
+  query?: URLSearchParams;
+  body?: unknown;
+  responseSchema: z.ZodType<T>;
+  fetchImpl: typeof fetch;
+}): Promise<
+  | { ok: true; data: T; status: number }
+  | { ok: false; status: number; body: Record<string, unknown> }
+> {
+  const url = buildConsoleEndpointUrl({
+    instance: args.instance,
+    requestUrl: args.c.req.url,
+    path: args.path,
+    query: args.query,
+  });
+
+  const headers = new Headers();
+  headers.set('Accept', 'application/json');
+  const authorization = resolveForwardAuthorization({
+    c: args.c,
+    instance: args.instance,
+  });
+  if (authorization) {
+    headers.set('Authorization', authorization);
+  }
+
+  let requestBody: string | undefined;
+  if (args.body !== undefined) {
+    headers.set('Content-Type', 'application/json');
+    requestBody = JSON.stringify(args.body);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const response = await args.fetchImpl(url, {
+      method: args.method,
+      headers,
+      ...(requestBody !== undefined ? { body: requestBody } : {}),
+    });
+
+    const payload = await parseDownstreamBody(response);
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        status: response.status,
+        body: createSyncularErrorResponse(
+          response.status === 404
+            ? 'console.not_found'
+            : 'console.downstream_unavailable',
+          {
+            details: {
+              downstream: normalizeDownstreamError({
+                body: payload,
+                status: response.status,
+                instanceId: args.instance.instanceId,
+              }),
+            },
+          }
+        ),
+      };
+    }
+
+    const parsed = args.responseSchema.safeParse(payload);
+    if (!parsed.success) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        status: 502,
+        body: createSyncularErrorResponse(
+          'console.downstream_invalid_response',
+          {
+            message: 'Downstream response failed validation.',
+            details: { instanceId: args.instance.instanceId },
+          }
+        ),
+      };
+    }
+
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      data: parsed.data,
+      status: response.status,
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      status: 502,
+      body: createSyncularErrorResponse('console.downstream_unavailable', {
+        message: toErrorMessage(error),
+        details: { instanceId: args.instance.instanceId },
+      }),
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+async function fetchDownstreamPaged<T>(args: {
+  c: Context;
+  instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance;
+  path: string;
+  query: URLSearchParams;
+  targetCount: number;
+  schema: z.ZodType<ConsolePaginatedResponse<T>>;
+  fetchImpl: typeof fetch;
+}): Promise<
+  | { ok: true; items: T[]; total: number }
+  | { ok: false; failure: GatewayFailure }
+> {
+  const items: T[] = [];
+  let total: number | null = null;
+  let localOffset = 0;
+  let pageCount = 0;
+
+  while (
+    items.length < args.targetCount &&
+    (total === null || localOffset < total) &&
+    pageCount < 100
+  ) {
+    const limit = Math.min(100, Math.max(1, args.targetCount - items.length));
+    const pagedQuery = withPaging(args.query, { limit, offset: localOffset });
+    const result = await fetchDownstreamJson({
+      c: args.c,
+      instance: args.instance,
+      path: args.path,
+      query: pagedQuery,
+      schema: args.schema,
+      fetchImpl: args.fetchImpl,
+    });
+
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    const page = result.data;
+    total = page.total;
+    items.push(...page.items);
+    localOffset += page.items.length;
+    pageCount += 1;
+
+    if (page.items.length === 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ok: true,
+    items,
+    total: total ?? items.length,
+  };
+}
+
+async function checkDownstreamInstanceHealth(args: {
+  c: Context;
+  instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance;
+  fetchImpl: typeof fetch;
+}): Promise<z.infer<typeof GatewayInstanceHealthSchema>> {
+  const startedAt = Date.now();
+  const result = await fetchDownstreamJson({
+    c: args.c,
+    instance: args.instance,
+    path: '/stats',
+    schema: SyncStatsSchema,
+    fetchImpl: args.fetchImpl,
+  });
+
+  const responseTimeMs = Math.max(0, Date.now() - startedAt);
+  const checkedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+  const base = {
+    instanceId: args.instance.instanceId,
+    label: args.instance.label ?? args.instance.instanceId,
+    baseUrl: args.instance.baseUrl,
+    enabled: args.instance.enabled ?? true,
+    responseTimeMs,
+    checkedAt,
+  };
+
+  if (result.ok) {
+    return {
+      ...base,
+      healthy: true,
+      status: 200,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ...base,
+    healthy: false,
+    status: result.failure.status,
+    reason: result.failure.reason,
+  };
+}
+
+function unauthorizedResponse(c: Context): Response {
+  return consoleGatewayError(c, 401, 'console.auth_required');
+}
+
+function jsonResponse(payload: unknown, status: number): Response {
+  return new Response(JSON.stringify(payload), {
+    status,
+    headers: {
+      'content-type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+function allInstancesFailedResponse(
+  c: Context,
+  failedInstances: GatewayFailure[]
+): Response {
+  return consoleGatewayError(c, 502, 'console.downstream_unavailable', {
+    details: { failedInstances },
+  });
+}
+
+function consoleTargetErrorResponse(
+  c: Context,
+  target: { status: 400 | 404; error: string; message?: string }
+): Response {
+  return consoleGatewayError(
+    c,
+    target.status,
+    target.status === 404 ? 'console.not_found' : 'console.invalid_request',
+    {
+      ...(target.message ? { message: target.message } : {}),
+      details: { consoleError: target.error },
+    }
+  );
+}
+
+function downstreamFailureResponse(
+  c: Context,
+  failure: GatewayFailure
+): Response {
+  if (failure.status === 404) {
+    return consoleGatewayError(c, 404, 'console.not_found', {
+      details: { failure },
+    });
+  }
+  return consoleGatewayError(c, 502, 'console.downstream_unavailable', {
+    details: { failedInstances: [failure] },
+  });
+}
+
+export function createConsoleGatewayRoutes(
+  options: CreateConsoleGatewayRoutesOptions
+): Hono {
+  const routes = new Hono();
+  const instances = normalizeInstances(options.instances);
+  const fetchImpl = options.fetchImpl ?? fetch;
+  const corsOrigins = options.corsOrigins ?? '*';
+
+  routes.use(
+    '*',
+    cors({
+      origin: corsOrigins === '*' ? '*' : corsOrigins,
+      allowMethods: ['GET', 'POST', 'DELETE', 'OPTIONS'],
+      allowHeaders: [
+        'Content-Type',
+        'Authorization',
+        'X-Syncular-Transport-Path',
+        'Baggage',
+        'Sentry-Trace',
+        'Traceparent',
+        'Tracestate',
+      ],
+      credentials: true,
+    })
+  );
+
+  const withGatewayAuth = async (
+    c: Context,
+    callback: () => Promise<Response>
+  ): Promise<Response> => {
+    const auth = await options.authenticate(c);
+    if (!auth) {
+      return unauthorizedResponse(c);
+    }
+    return callback();
+  };
+
+  const proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest = async <T>(args: {
+    c: Context;
+    query: { instanceId?: string; instanceIds?: string };
+    method: 'GET' | 'POST' | 'DELETE';
+    path: string;
+    responseSchema: z.ZodType<T>;
+    body?: unknown;
+  }): Promise<Response> => {
+    const target = resolveSingleInstanceTarget({
+      instances,
+      query: args.query,
+    });
+    if (!target.ok) {
+      return consoleTargetErrorResponse(args.c, target);
+    }
+
+    const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+      new URL(args.c.req.url).searchParams
+    );
+    const result = await forwardDownstreamJsonRequest<T>({
+      c: args.c,
+      instance: target.instance,
+      method: args.method,
+      path: args.path,
+      query: forwardQuery,
+      ...(args.body === undefined ? {} : { body: args.body }),
+      responseSchema: args.responseSchema,
+      fetchImpl,
+    });
+
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      return jsonResponse(result.body, result.status);
+    }
+
+    return jsonResponse(result.data, result.status);
+  };
+
+  const selectTargetInstances = (
+    c: Context,
+    query: GatewayInstanceFilterQuery
+  ):
+    | { ok: true; selectedInstances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[] }
+    | { ok: false; response: Response } => {
+    const selectedInstances = selectInstances({ instances, query });
+    if (selectedInstances.length > 0) {
+      return { ok: true, selectedInstances };
+    }
+
+    const noInstanceError = noInstancesSelectedResponse();
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      response: consoleTargetErrorResponse(c, noInstanceError),
+    };
+  };
+
+  const fetchFromSelectedInstances = async <T>(args: {
+    c: Context;
+    selectedInstances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[];
+    path: string;
+    query: URLSearchParams;
+    schema: z.ZodType<T>;
+  }): Promise<
+    | {
+        ok: true;
+        successfulResults: Array<{
+          instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance;
+          data: T;
+        }>;
+        failedInstances: GatewayFailure[];
+      }
+    | { ok: false; response: Response }
+  > => {
+    const results = await Promise.all(
+      args.selectedInstances.map((instance) =>
+        fetchDownstreamJson({
+          c: args.c,
+          instance,
+          path: args.path,
+          query: args.query,
+          schema: args.schema,
+          fetchImpl,
+        })
+      )
+    );
+
+    const failedInstances = results
+      .filter(
+        (result): result is { ok: false; failure: GatewayFailure } => !result.ok
+      )
+      .map((result) => result.failure);
+    const successfulResults = results
+      .map((result, index) => ({
+        result,
+        instance: args.selectedInstances[index],
+      }))
+      .filter(
+        (
+          entry
+        ): entry is {
+          result: { ok: true; data: T };
+          instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance;
+        } => Boolean(entry.instance) && entry.result.ok
+      )
+      .map((entry) => ({
+        instance: entry.instance,
+        data: entry.result.data,
+      }));
+
+    if (successfulResults.length === 0) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        response: allInstancesFailedResponse(args.c, failedInstances),
+      };
+    }
+
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      successfulResults,
+      failedInstances,
+    };
+  };
+
+  const fetchPagedFromSelectedInstances = async <T>(args: {
+    c: Context;
+    selectedInstances: ConsoleGatewayInstance[];
+    path: string;
+    query: URLSearchParams;
+    targetCount: number;
+    schema: z.ZodType<ConsolePaginatedResponse<T>>;
+  }): Promise<
+    | {
+        ok: true;
+        successfulResults: Array<{
+          instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance;
+          items: T[];
+          total: number;
+        }>;
+        failedInstances: GatewayFailure[];
+      }
+    | { ok: false; response: Response }
+  > => {
+    const results = await Promise.all(
+      args.selectedInstances.map((instance) =>
+        fetchDownstreamPaged({
+          c: args.c,
+          instance,
+          path: args.path,
+          query: args.query,
+          targetCount: args.targetCount,
+          schema: args.schema,
+          fetchImpl,
+        })
+      )
+    );
+
+    const failedInstances = results
+      .filter(
+        (result): result is { ok: false; failure: GatewayFailure } => !result.ok
+      )
+      .map((result) => result.failure);
+    const successfulResults = results
+      .map((result, index) => ({
+        result,
+        instance: args.selectedInstances[index],
+      }))
+      .filter(
+        (
+          entry
+        ): entry is {
+          result: { ok: true; items: T[]; total: number };
+          instance: ConsoleGatewayInstance;
+        } => Boolean(entry.instance) && entry.result.ok
+      )
+      .map((entry) => ({
+        instance: entry.instance,
+        items: entry.result.items,
+        total: entry.result.total,
+      }));
+
+    if (successfulResults.length === 0) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        response: allInstancesFailedResponse(args.c, failedInstances),
+      };
+    }
+
+    return {
+      ok: true,
+      successfulResults,
+      failedInstances,
+    };
+  };
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/instances',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'List configured downstream console instances',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Configured instances',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(GatewayInstancesResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+        401: {
+          description: 'Unauthenticated',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(z.object({ error: z.string() })),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        return c.json({
+          items: instances.map((instance) => ({
+            instanceId: instance.instanceId,
+            label: instance.label ?? instance.instanceId,
+            baseUrl: instance.baseUrl,
+            enabled: instance.enabled ?? true,
+          })),
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/instances/health',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'Probe downstream console health by instance',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Per-instance health results',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(GatewayInstancesHealthResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+        401: {
+          description: 'Unauthenticated',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(z.object({ error: z.string() })),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewayInstanceFilterSchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const selection = selectTargetInstances(c, query);
+        if (!selection.ok) {
+          return selection.response;
+        }
+
+        const items = await Promise.all(
+          selection.selectedInstances.map((instance) =>
+            checkDownstreamInstanceHealth({
+              c,
+              instance,
+              fetchImpl,
+            })
+          )
+        );
+
+        const failedInstances = items
+          .filter((item) => !item.healthy)
+          .map((item) => ({
+            instanceId: item.instanceId,
+            reason: item.reason ?? 'Health probe failed',
+            ...(item.status !== undefined ? { status: item.status } : {}),
+          }));
+
+        return c.json({
+          items,
+          partial: failedInstances.length > 0,
+          failedInstances,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/handlers',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'List handlers for a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Handlers',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(GatewayHandlersResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'GET',
+          path: '/handlers',
+          responseSchema: GatewayHandlersResponseSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.post(
+    '/prune/preview',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Preview prune on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Prune preview',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsolePrunePreviewSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'POST',
+          path: '/prune/preview',
+          responseSchema: ConsolePrunePreviewSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.post(
+    '/prune',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Trigger prune on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Prune result',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsolePruneResultSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'POST',
+          path: '/prune',
+          responseSchema: ConsolePruneResultSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.post(
+    '/compact',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Trigger compaction on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Compaction result',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsoleCompactResultSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'POST',
+          path: '/compact',
+          responseSchema: ConsoleCompactResultSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.post(
+    '/notify-data-change',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Notify data change on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Notification result',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(GatewayNotifyDataChangeResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    zValidator('json', GatewayNotifyDataChangeRequestSchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const body = c.req.valid('json');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'POST',
+          path: '/notify-data-change',
+          body,
+          responseSchema: GatewayNotifyDataChangeResponseSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.delete(
+    '/clients/:id',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Evict client on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Evict result',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsoleEvictResultSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('param', GatewayClientPathParamSchema),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstancePartitionQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const { id } = c.req.valid('param');
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'DELETE',
+          path: `/clients/${encodeURIComponent(id)}`,
+          responseSchema: ConsoleEvictResultSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.delete(
+    '/events',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Clear request events on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Clear result',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsoleClearEventsResultSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'DELETE',
+          path: '/events',
+          responseSchema: ConsoleClearEventsResultSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.post(
+    '/events/prune',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Prune request events on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Prune events result',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsolePruneEventsResultSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'POST',
+          path: '/events/prune',
+          responseSchema: ConsolePruneEventsResultSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/api-keys',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'List API keys for a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Paginated API key list',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(
+                ConsolePaginatedResponseSchema(ConsoleApiKeySchema)
+              ),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewayApiKeysQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest<
+          ConsolePaginatedResponse<ConsoleApiKey>
+        >({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'GET',
+          path: '/api-keys',
+          responseSchema: ConsolePaginatedResponseSchema(ConsoleApiKeySchema),
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.post(
+    '/api-keys',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Create API key on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        201: {
+          description: 'Created API key',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    zValidator('json', ConsoleApiKeyCreateRequestSchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const body = c.req.valid('json');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest<ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponse>({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'POST',
+          path: '/api-keys',
+          body,
+          responseSchema: ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponseSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/api-keys/:id',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Get API key from a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'API key details',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsoleApiKeySchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('param', GatewayApiKeyPathParamSchema),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const { id } = c.req.valid('param');
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest<ConsoleApiKey>({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'GET',
+          path: `/api-keys/${encodeURIComponent(id)}`,
+          responseSchema: ConsoleApiKeySchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.delete(
+    '/api-keys/:id',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Revoke API key on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Revoke result',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsoleApiKeyRevokeResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('param', GatewayApiKeyPathParamSchema),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const { id } = c.req.valid('param');
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest<{ revoked: boolean }>({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'DELETE',
+          path: `/api-keys/${encodeURIComponent(id)}`,
+          responseSchema: ConsoleApiKeyRevokeResponseSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.post(
+    '/api-keys/bulk-revoke',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Bulk revoke API keys on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Bulk revoke result',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsoleApiKeyBulkRevokeResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    zValidator('json', ConsoleApiKeyBulkRevokeRequestSchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const body = c.req.valid('json');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest<ConsoleApiKeyBulkRevokeResponse>({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'POST',
+          path: '/api-keys/bulk-revoke',
+          body,
+          responseSchema: ConsoleApiKeyBulkRevokeResponseSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.post(
+    '/api-keys/:id/rotate/stage',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Stage-rotate API key on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Staged API key replacement',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('param', GatewayApiKeyPathParamSchema),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const { id } = c.req.valid('param');
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest<ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponse>({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'POST',
+          path: `/api-keys/${encodeURIComponent(id)}/rotate/stage`,
+          responseSchema: ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponseSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.post(
+    '/api-keys/:id/rotate',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary:
+        'Rotate API key on a single target instance (requires instance selection)',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Rotated API key',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('param', GatewayApiKeyPathParamSchema),
+    zValidator('query', GatewaySingleInstanceQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const { id } = c.req.valid('param');
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        return proxySingleInstanceJsonRequest<ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponse>({
+          c,
+          query,
+          method: 'POST',
+          path: `/api-keys/${encodeURIComponent(id)}/rotate`,
+          responseSchema: ConsoleApiKeyCreateResponseSchema,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/stats',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'Get merged sync stats across instances',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Merged stats',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(GatewayStatsResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewayStatsQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const selection = selectTargetInstances(c, query);
+        if (!selection.ok) {
+          return selection.response;
+        }
+
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        const fetched = await fetchFromSelectedInstances<SyncStats>({
+          c,
+          selectedInstances: selection.selectedInstances,
+          path: '/stats',
+          query: forwardQuery,
+          schema: SyncStatsSchema,
+        });
+        if (!fetched.ok) {
+          return fetched.response;
+        }
+
+        const statsByInstance = new Map<string, SyncStats>();
+        for (const result of fetched.successfulResults) {
+          statsByInstance.set(result.instance.instanceId, result.data);
+        }
+
+        const statsValues = Array.from(statsByInstance.values());
+        const sum = (selector: (stats: SyncStats) => number): number =>
+          statsValues.reduce((acc, stats) => acc + selector(stats), 0);
+
+        const minCommitSeqByInstance: Record<string, number> = {};
+        const maxCommitSeqByInstance: Record<string, number> = {};
+        for (const [instanceId, stats] of statsByInstance.entries()) {
+          minCommitSeqByInstance[instanceId] = stats.minCommitSeq;
+          maxCommitSeqByInstance[instanceId] = stats.maxCommitSeq;
+        }
+
+        return c.json({
+          commitCount: sum((stats) => stats.commitCount),
+          changeCount: sum((stats) => stats.changeCount),
+          minCommitSeq: Math.min(
+            ...statsValues.map((stats) => stats.minCommitSeq)
+          ),
+          maxCommitSeq: Math.max(
+            ...statsValues.map((stats) => stats.maxCommitSeq)
+          ),
+          clientCount: sum((stats) => stats.clientCount),
+          activeClientCount: sum((stats) => stats.activeClientCount),
+          minActiveClientCursor: minNullable(
+            statsValues.map((stats) => stats.minActiveClientCursor)
+          ),
+          maxActiveClientCursor: maxNullable(
+            statsValues.map((stats) => stats.maxActiveClientCursor)
+          ),
+          snapshotChunkCount: sum((stats) => stats.snapshotChunkCount),
+          snapshotChunkBytes: sum((stats) => stats.snapshotChunkBytes),
+          expiredSnapshotChunkCount: sum(
+            (stats) => stats.expiredSnapshotChunkCount
+          ),
+          expiredSnapshotChunkBytes: sum(
+            (stats) => stats.expiredSnapshotChunkBytes
+          ),
+          snapshotArtifactCount: sum((stats) => stats.snapshotArtifactCount),
+          snapshotArtifactBytes: sum((stats) => stats.snapshotArtifactBytes),
+          expiredSnapshotArtifactCount: sum(
+            (stats) => stats.expiredSnapshotArtifactCount
+          ),
+          expiredSnapshotArtifactBytes: sum(
+            (stats) => stats.expiredSnapshotArtifactBytes
+          ),
+          minCommitSeqByInstance,
+          maxCommitSeqByInstance,
+          partial: fetched.failedInstances.length > 0,
+          failedInstances: fetched.failedInstances,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/stats/timeseries',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'Get merged time-series stats across instances',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Merged time-series stats',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(GatewayTimeseriesResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewayTimeseriesQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const selection = selectTargetInstances(c, query);
+        if (!selection.ok) {
+          return selection.response;
+        }
+
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        const fetched =
+          await fetchFromSelectedInstances<TimeseriesStatsResponse>({
+            c,
+            selectedInstances: selection.selectedInstances,
+            path: '/stats/timeseries',
+            query: forwardQuery,
+            schema: TimeseriesStatsResponseSchema,
+          });
+        if (!fetched.ok) {
+          return fetched.response;
+        }
+
+        return c.json({
+          buckets: mergeTimeseriesBuckets(
+            fetched.successfulResults.map((result) => result.data)
+          ),
+          interval: query.interval,
+          range: query.range,
+          partial: fetched.failedInstances.length > 0,
+          failedInstances: fetched.failedInstances,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/stats/latency',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'Get merged latency stats across instances',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Merged latency stats',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(GatewayLatencyResponseSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewayLatencyQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const selection = selectTargetInstances(c, query);
+        if (!selection.ok) {
+          return selection.response;
+        }
+
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        const fetched = await fetchFromSelectedInstances<LatencyStatsResponse>({
+          c,
+          selectedInstances: selection.selectedInstances,
+          path: '/stats/latency',
+          query: forwardQuery,
+          schema: LatencyStatsResponseSchema,
+        });
+        if (!fetched.ok) {
+          return fetched.response;
+        }
+
+        return c.json({
+          push: averagePercentiles(
+            fetched.successfulResults.map((result) => result.data.push)
+          ),
+          pull: averagePercentiles(
+            fetched.successfulResults.map((result) => result.data.pull)
+          ),
+          range: query.range,
+          partial: fetched.failedInstances.length > 0,
+          failedInstances: fetched.failedInstances,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/commits',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'List merged commits across instances',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Merged commits',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(
+                GatewayPaginatedResponseSchema(GatewayCommitItemSchema)
+              ),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewayPaginatedQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const selection = selectTargetInstances(c, query);
+        if (!selection.ok) {
+          return selection.response;
+        }
+
+        const targetCount = query.offset + query.limit;
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        forwardQuery.delete('limit');
+        forwardQuery.delete('offset');
+        const pageSchema = ConsolePaginatedResponseSchema(
+          ConsoleCommitListItemSchema
+        );
+        const fetched =
+          await fetchPagedFromSelectedInstances<ConsoleCommitListItem>({
+            c,
+            selectedInstances: selection.selectedInstances,
+            path: '/commits',
+            query: forwardQuery,
+            targetCount,
+            schema: pageSchema,
+          });
+        if (!fetched.ok) {
+          return fetched.response;
+        }
+
+        const merged = fetched.successfulResults
+          .flatMap(({ items, instance }) =>
+            items.map((commit) => ({
+              ...commit,
+              instanceId: instance.instanceId,
+              federatedCommitId: `${instance.instanceId}:${commit.commitSeq}`,
+            }))
+          )
+          .sort((a, b) => {
+            const byTime = compareIsoDesc(a.createdAt, b.createdAt);
+            if (byTime !== 0) return byTime;
+            const byInstance = a.instanceId.localeCompare(b.instanceId);
+            if (byInstance !== 0) return byInstance;
+            return b.commitSeq - a.commitSeq;
+          });
+
+        return c.json({
+          items: merged.slice(query.offset, query.offset + query.limit),
+          total: fetched.successfulResults.reduce(
+            (acc, entry) => acc + entry.total,
+            0
+          ),
+          offset: query.offset,
+          limit: query.limit,
+          partial: fetched.failedInstances.length > 0,
+          failedInstances: fetched.failedInstances,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/commits/:seq',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'Get merged commit detail by federated id',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Commit detail',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(GatewayCommitDetailSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('param', GatewayCommitPathParamSchema),
+    zValidator(
+      'query',
+      ConsolePartitionQuerySchema.extend(GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape)
+    ),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const { seq } = c.req.valid('param');
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const target = resolveCommitTarget({ seq, instances, query });
+        if (!target.ok) {
+          return consoleTargetErrorResponse(c, target);
+        }
+
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        const result = await fetchDownstreamJson({
+          c,
+          instance: target.instance,
+          path: `/commits/${target.localCommitSeq}`,
+          query: forwardQuery,
+          schema: ConsoleCommitDetailSchema,
+          fetchImpl,
+        });
+
+        if (!result.ok) {
+          return downstreamFailureResponse(c, result.failure);
+        }
+
+        return c.json({
+          ...result.data,
+          instanceId: target.instance.instanceId,
+          federatedCommitId: `${target.instance.instanceId}:${result.data.commitSeq}`,
+          localCommitSeq: result.data.commitSeq,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/clients',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'List merged clients across instances',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Merged clients',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(
+                GatewayPaginatedResponseSchema(GatewayClientItemSchema)
+              ),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewayPaginatedQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const selection = selectTargetInstances(c, query);
+        if (!selection.ok) {
+          return selection.response;
+        }
+
+        const targetCount = query.offset + query.limit;
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        forwardQuery.delete('limit');
+        forwardQuery.delete('offset');
+        const pageSchema = ConsolePaginatedResponseSchema(ConsoleClientSchema);
+        const fetched = await fetchPagedFromSelectedInstances<ConsoleClient>({
+          c,
+          selectedInstances: selection.selectedInstances,
+          path: '/clients',
+          query: forwardQuery,
+          targetCount,
+          schema: pageSchema,
+        });
+        if (!fetched.ok) {
+          return fetched.response;
+        }
+
+        const merged = fetched.successfulResults
+          .flatMap(({ items, instance }) =>
+            items.map((client) => ({
+              ...client,
+              instanceId: instance.instanceId,
+              federatedClientId: `${instance.instanceId}:${client.clientId}`,
+            }))
+          )
+          .sort((a, b) => {
+            const byTime = compareIsoDesc(a.updatedAt, b.updatedAt);
+            if (byTime !== 0) return byTime;
+            const byInstance = a.instanceId.localeCompare(b.instanceId);
+            if (byInstance !== 0) return byInstance;
+            return a.clientId.localeCompare(b.clientId);
+          });
+
+        return c.json({
+          items: merged.slice(query.offset, query.offset + query.limit),
+          total: fetched.successfulResults.reduce(
+            (acc, entry) => acc + entry.total,
+            0
+          ),
+          offset: query.offset,
+          limit: query.limit,
+          partial: fetched.failedInstances.length > 0,
+          failedInstances: fetched.failedInstances,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/timeline',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'List merged timeline items across instances',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Merged timeline',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(
+                GatewayPaginatedResponseSchema(GatewayTimelineItemSchema)
+              ),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewayTimelineQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const selection = selectTargetInstances(c, query);
+        if (!selection.ok) {
+          return selection.response;
+        }
+
+        const targetCount = query.offset + query.limit;
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        forwardQuery.delete('limit');
+        forwardQuery.delete('offset');
+        const pageSchema = ConsolePaginatedResponseSchema(
+          ConsoleTimelineItemSchema
+        );
+        const fetched =
+          await fetchPagedFromSelectedInstances<ConsoleTimelineItem>({
+            c,
+            selectedInstances: selection.selectedInstances,
+            path: '/timeline',
+            query: forwardQuery,
+            targetCount,
+            schema: pageSchema,
+          });
+        if (!fetched.ok) {
+          return fetched.response;
+        }
+
+        const merged = fetched.successfulResults
+          .flatMap(({ items, instance }) =>
+            items.map((item) => {
+              const localCommitSeq =
+                item.type === 'commit'
+                  ? (item.commit?.commitSeq ?? null)
+                  : null;
+              const localEventId =
+                item.type === 'event' ? (item.event?.eventId ?? null) : null;
+              const localIdSegment =
+                item.type === 'commit'
+                  ? String(localCommitSeq ?? 'unknown')
+                  : String(localEventId ?? 'unknown');
+
+              return {
+                ...item,
+                instanceId: instance.instanceId,
+                federatedTimelineId: `${instance.instanceId}:${item.type}:${localIdSegment}`,
+                localCommitSeq,
+                localEventId,
+              };
+            })
+          )
+          .sort((a, b) => {
+            const byTime = compareIsoDesc(a.timestamp, b.timestamp);
+            if (byTime !== 0) return byTime;
+            const byInstance = a.instanceId.localeCompare(b.instanceId);
+            if (byInstance !== 0) return byInstance;
+            const aLocalId = a.localCommitSeq ?? a.localEventId ?? 0;
+            const bLocalId = b.localCommitSeq ?? b.localEventId ?? 0;
+            return bLocalId - aLocalId;
+          });
+
+        return c.json({
+          items: merged.slice(query.offset, query.offset + query.limit),
+          total: fetched.successfulResults.reduce(
+            (acc, entry) => acc + entry.total,
+            0
+          ),
+          offset: query.offset,
+          limit: query.limit,
+          partial: fetched.failedInstances.length > 0,
+          failedInstances: fetched.failedInstances,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/operations',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'List merged operation events across instances',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Merged operations',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(
+                GatewayPaginatedResponseSchema(GatewayOperationItemSchema)
+              ),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewayOperationsQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const selection = selectTargetInstances(c, query);
+        if (!selection.ok) {
+          return selection.response;
+        }
+
+        const targetCount = query.offset + query.limit;
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        forwardQuery.delete('limit');
+        forwardQuery.delete('offset');
+        const pageSchema = ConsolePaginatedResponseSchema(
+          ConsoleOperationEventSchema
+        );
+        const fetched =
+          await fetchPagedFromSelectedInstances<ConsoleOperationEvent>({
+            c,
+            selectedInstances: selection.selectedInstances,
+            path: '/operations',
+            query: forwardQuery,
+            targetCount,
+            schema: pageSchema,
+          });
+        if (!fetched.ok) {
+          return fetched.response;
+        }
+
+        const merged = fetched.successfulResults
+          .flatMap(({ items, instance }) =>
+            items.map((operation) => ({
+              ...operation,
+              instanceId: instance.instanceId,
+              federatedOperationId: `${instance.instanceId}:${operation.operationId}`,
+              localOperationId: operation.operationId,
+            }))
+          )
+          .sort((a, b) => {
+            const byTime = compareIsoDesc(a.createdAt, b.createdAt);
+            if (byTime !== 0) return byTime;
+            const byInstance = a.instanceId.localeCompare(b.instanceId);
+            if (byInstance !== 0) return byInstance;
+            return b.localOperationId - a.localOperationId;
+          });
+
+        return c.json({
+          items: merged.slice(query.offset, query.offset + query.limit),
+          total: fetched.successfulResults.reduce(
+            (acc, entry) => acc + entry.total,
+            0
+          ),
+          offset: query.offset,
+          limit: query.limit,
+          partial: fetched.failedInstances.length > 0,
+          failedInstances: fetched.failedInstances,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/events',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'List merged request events across instances',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Merged events',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(
+                GatewayPaginatedResponseSchema(GatewayEventItemSchema)
+              ),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('query', GatewayEventsQuerySchema),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const selection = selectTargetInstances(c, query);
+        if (!selection.ok) {
+          return selection.response;
+        }
+
+        const targetCount = query.offset + query.limit;
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        forwardQuery.delete('limit');
+        forwardQuery.delete('offset');
+        const pageSchema = ConsolePaginatedResponseSchema(
+          ConsoleRequestEventSchema
+        );
+        const fetched =
+          await fetchPagedFromSelectedInstances<ConsoleRequestEvent>({
+            c,
+            selectedInstances: selection.selectedInstances,
+            path: '/events',
+            query: forwardQuery,
+            targetCount,
+            schema: pageSchema,
+          });
+        if (!fetched.ok) {
+          return fetched.response;
+        }
+
+        const merged = fetched.successfulResults
+          .flatMap(({ items, instance }) =>
+            items.map((event) => ({
+              ...event,
+              instanceId: instance.instanceId,
+              federatedEventId: `${instance.instanceId}:${event.eventId}`,
+              localEventId: event.eventId,
+            }))
+          )
+          .sort((a, b) => {
+            const byTime = compareIsoDesc(a.createdAt, b.createdAt);
+            if (byTime !== 0) return byTime;
+            const byInstance = a.instanceId.localeCompare(b.instanceId);
+            if (byInstance !== 0) return byInstance;
+            return b.localEventId - a.localEventId;
+          });
+
+        return c.json({
+          items: merged.slice(query.offset, query.offset + query.limit),
+          total: fetched.successfulResults.reduce(
+            (acc, entry) => acc + entry.total,
+            0
+          ),
+          offset: query.offset,
+          limit: query.limit,
+          partial: fetched.failedInstances.length > 0,
+          failedInstances: fetched.failedInstances,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  if (
+    options.websocket?.enabled &&
+    options.websocket?.upgradeWebSocket !== undefined
+  ) {
+    const upgradeWebSocket = options.websocket.upgradeWebSocket;
+    const heartbeatIntervalMs = options.websocket.heartbeatIntervalMs ?? 30000;
+    const maxMessageBytes = options.websocket.maxMessageBytes ?? 1024 * 1024;
+    const maxMessagesPerWindow = options.websocket.maxMessagesPerWindow ?? 120;
+    const messageRateWindowMs = options.websocket.messageRateWindowMs ?? 10000;
+    const createDownstreamSocket =
+      options.websocket.createWebSocket ??
+      ((url: string): ConsoleGatewayDownstreamSocket => new WebSocket(url));
+
+    type WebSocketLike = {
+      send: (data: string) => void;
+      close: (code?: number, reason?: string) => void;
+    };
+
+    const liveState = new WeakMap<
+      WebSocketLike,
+      {
+        downstreamSockets: ConsoleGatewayDownstreamSocket[];
+        heartbeatInterval: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null;
+        authTimeout: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null;
+        isAuthenticated: boolean;
+        startAuthenticatedSession: ((token: string | null) => void) | null;
+        messageRateWindowStart: number;
+        messageRateWindowCount: number;
+      }
+    >();
+
+    const liveEventsWebSocketRoute = upgradeWebSocket(async (c) => {
+      const initialAuth = await options.authenticate(c);
+      const partitionId = c.req.query('partitionId')?.trim() || undefined;
+      const replaySince = c.req.query('since')?.trim() || undefined;
+      const replayLimitRaw = c.req.query('replayLimit');
+      const replayLimitNumber = replayLimitRaw
+        ? Number.parseInt(replayLimitRaw, 10)
+        : Number.NaN;
+      const replayLimit = Number.isFinite(replayLimitNumber)
+        ? Math.max(1, Math.min(500, replayLimitNumber))
+        : 100;
+
+      const selectedInstances = selectInstances({
+        instances,
+        query: {
+          instanceId: c.req.query('instanceId') ?? undefined,
+          instanceIds: c.req.query('instanceIds') ?? undefined,
+        },
+      });
+
+      const authenticateWithBearer = async (
+        token: string
+      ): Promise<ConsoleAuthResult | null> => {
+        const trimmedToken = token.trim();
+        if (!trimmedToken) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        const authContext = {
+          req: {
+            header: (name: string) =>
+              name === 'Authorization' ? `Bearer ${trimmedToken}` : undefined,
+            query: () => undefined,
+          },
+        } as unknown as Context;
+        return options.authenticate(authContext);
+      };
+
+      const cleanup = (ws: WebSocketLike) => {
+        const state = liveState.get(ws);
+        if (!state) return;
+        if (state.heartbeatInterval) {
+          clearInterval(state.heartbeatInterval);
+        }
+        if (state.authTimeout) {
+          clearTimeout(state.authTimeout);
+        }
+        for (const downstream of state.downstreamSockets) {
+          try {
+            downstream.close();
+          } catch {
+            // no-op
+          }
+        }
+        liveState.delete(ws);
+      };
+
+      return {
+        onOpen(_event, ws) {
+          if (selectedInstances.length === 0) {
+            ws.send(
+              JSON.stringify({
+                type: 'error',
+                ...createSyncularErrorResponse('console.invalid_request', {
+                  message:
+                    'No enabled instances matched the provided instance filter.',
+                  details: { consoleError: 'no_instances_selected' },
+                }),
+              })
+            );
+            ws.close(4004, 'No instances selected');
+            return;
+          }
+
+          const state: {
+            downstreamSockets: ConsoleGatewayDownstreamSocket[];
+            heartbeatInterval: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null;
+            authTimeout: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null;
+            isAuthenticated: boolean;
+            startAuthenticatedSession: ((token: string | null) => void) | null;
+            messageRateWindowStart: number;
+            messageRateWindowCount: number;
+          } = {
+            downstreamSockets: [],
+            heartbeatInterval: null,
+            authTimeout: null,
+            isAuthenticated: false,
+            startAuthenticatedSession: null,
+            messageRateWindowStart: Date.now(),
+            messageRateWindowCount: 0,
+          };
+          liveState.set(ws, state);
+
+          const startAuthenticatedSession = (
+            upstreamBearerToken: string | null
+          ) => {
+            if (state.isAuthenticated) {
+              return;
+            }
+            state.isAuthenticated = true;
+            if (state.authTimeout) {
+              clearTimeout(state.authTimeout);
+              state.authTimeout = null;
+            }
+
+            for (const instance of selectedInstances) {
+              const downstreamQuery = new URLSearchParams();
+              if (partitionId) {
+                downstreamQuery.set('partitionId', partitionId);
+              }
+              if (replaySince) {
+                downstreamQuery.set('since', replaySince);
+              }
+              downstreamQuery.set('replayLimit', String(replayLimit));
+
+              const downstreamUrl = buildConsoleEndpointUrl({
+                instance,
+                requestUrl: c.req.url,
+                path: '/events/live',
+                query: downstreamQuery,
+              });
+
+              const downstreamSocket = createDownstreamSocket(downstreamUrl);
+              const downstreamToken =
+                instance.token?.trim() ?? upstreamBearerToken?.trim() ?? null;
+              if (downstreamToken && downstreamSocket.send) {
+                downstreamSocket.onopen = () => {
+                  try {
+                    downstreamSocket.send?.(
+                      JSON.stringify({
+                        type: 'auth',
+                        token: downstreamToken,
+                      })
+                    );
+                  } catch {
+                    // no-op
+                  }
+                };
+              }
+
+              downstreamSocket.onmessage = (message: MessageEvent) => {
+                if (typeof message.data !== 'string') {
+                  return;
+                }
+                try {
+                  const payload = JSON.parse(message.data) as Record<
+                    string,
+                    unknown
+                  >;
+                  if (
+                    typeof payload.type === 'string' &&
+                    (payload.type === 'connected' ||
+                      payload.type === 'heartbeat')
+                  ) {
+                    return;
+                  }
+
+                  const payloadData =
+                    payload.data &&
+                    typeof payload.data === 'object' &&
+                    !Array.isArray(payload.data)
+                      ? { ...payload.data, instanceId: instance.instanceId }
+                      : { instanceId: instance.instanceId };
+
+                  const event = {
+                    ...payload,
+                    data: payloadData,
+                    instanceId: instance.instanceId,
+                    timestamp:
+                      typeof payload.timestamp === 'string'
+                        ? payload.timestamp
+                        : new Date().toISOString(),
+                  };
+                  ws.send(JSON.stringify(event));
+                } catch {
+                  // Ignore malformed downstream events
+                }
+              };
+
+              downstreamSocket.onerror = () => {
+                try {
+                  ws.send(
+                    JSON.stringify({
+                      type: 'instance_error',
+                      instanceId: instance.instanceId,
+                      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                    })
+                  );
+                } catch {
+                  // ignore send errors
+                }
+              };
+
+              state.downstreamSockets.push(downstreamSocket);
+            }
+
+            ws.send(
+              JSON.stringify({
+                type: 'connected',
+                timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                instanceCount: selectedInstances.length,
+              })
+            );
+
+            const heartbeatInterval = setInterval(() => {
+              try {
+                ws.send(
+                  JSON.stringify({
+                    type: 'heartbeat',
+                    timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
+                  })
+                );
+              } catch {
+                clearInterval(heartbeatInterval);
+              }
+            }, heartbeatIntervalMs);
+            state.heartbeatInterval = heartbeatInterval;
+          };
+          state.startAuthenticatedSession = startAuthenticatedSession;
+
+          if (initialAuth) {
+            startAuthenticatedSession(
+              parseBearerToken(c.req.header('Authorization'))
+            );
+            return;
+          }
+
+          state.authTimeout = setTimeout(() => {
+            const current = liveState.get(ws);
+            if (!current || current.isAuthenticated) {
+              return;
+            }
+            closeUnauthenticatedSocket(ws);
+            cleanup(ws);
+          }, 5_000);
+        },
+        async onMessage(event, ws) {
+          const state = liveState.get(ws);
+          if (!state) {
+            return;
+          }
+
+          const messageBytes = measureWebSocketMessageBytes(event.data);
+          if (messageBytes > maxMessageBytes) {
+            ws.close(1009, 'message too large');
+            cleanup(ws);
+            return;
+          }
+
+          if (maxMessagesPerWindow > 0 && messageRateWindowMs > 0) {
+            const nowMs = Date.now();
+            if (nowMs - state.messageRateWindowStart >= messageRateWindowMs) {
+              state.messageRateWindowStart = nowMs;
+              state.messageRateWindowCount = 0;
+            }
+            state.messageRateWindowCount += 1;
+            if (state.messageRateWindowCount > maxMessagesPerWindow) {
+              ws.close(1008, 'message rate exceeded');
+              cleanup(ws);
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (state.isAuthenticated) {
+            return;
+          }
+
+          if (typeof event.data !== 'string') {
+            closeUnauthenticatedSocket(ws);
+            cleanup(ws);
+            return;
+          }
+
+          const token = parseWebSocketAuthToken(event.data);
+
+          if (!token) {
+            closeUnauthenticatedSocket(ws);
+            cleanup(ws);
+            return;
+          }
+
+          const auth = await authenticateWithBearer(token);
+          const current = liveState.get(ws);
+          if (!current || current.isAuthenticated) {
+            return;
+          }
+          if (!auth) {
+            closeUnauthenticatedSocket(ws);
+            cleanup(ws);
+            return;
+          }
+          current.startAuthenticatedSession?.(token);
+        },
+        onClose(_event, ws) {
+          cleanup(ws);
+        },
+        onError(_event, ws) {
+          cleanup(ws);
+        },
+      };
+    });
+
+    routes.get('/events/live', async (c, next) => {
+      if (!isWebSocketOriginAllowed(c, options.websocket?.allowedOrigins)) {
+        return consoleGatewayError(c, 403, 'console.forbidden_origin');
+      }
+      return liveEventsWebSocketRoute(c, next);
+    });
+  }
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/events/:id',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'Get merged event detail by federated id',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Event detail',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(GatewayEventItemSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('param', GatewayEventPathParamSchema),
+    zValidator(
+      'query',
+      ConsolePartitionQuerySchema.extend(GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape)
+    ),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const { id } = c.req.valid('param');
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const target = resolveEventTarget({
+          id,
+          instances,
+          query,
+        });
+        if (!target.ok) {
+          return consoleTargetErrorResponse(c, target);
+        }
+
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        const result = await fetchDownstreamJson({
+          c,
+          instance: target.instance,
+          path: `/events/${target.localEventId}`,
+          query: forwardQuery,
+          schema: ConsoleRequestEventSchema,
+          fetchImpl,
+        });
+
+        if (!result.ok) {
+          return downstreamFailureResponse(c, result.failure);
+        }
+
+        return c.json({
+          ...result.data,
+          instanceId: target.instance.instanceId,
+          federatedEventId: `${target.instance.instanceId}:${result.data.eventId}`,
+          localEventId: result.data.eventId,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  routes.get(
+    '/events/:id/payload',
+    describeConsoleGatewayRoute({
+      summary: 'Get merged event payload by federated id',
+      responses: {
+        200: {
+          description: 'Event payload',
+          content: {
+            'application/json': {
+              schema: resolver(GatewayEventPayloadSchema),
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    }),
+    zValidator('param', GatewayEventPathParamSchema),
+    zValidator(
+      'query',
+      ConsolePartitionQuerySchema.extend(GatewayInstanceFilterSchema.shape)
+    ),
+    async (c) => {
+      return withGatewayAuth(c, async () => {
+        const { id } = c.req.valid('param');
+        const query = c.req.valid('query');
+        const target = resolveEventTarget({
+          id,
+          instances,
+          query,
+        });
+        if (!target.ok) {
+          return consoleTargetErrorResponse(c, target);
+        }
+
+        const forwardQuery = sanitizeForwardQueryParams(
+          new URL(c.req.url).searchParams
+        );
+        const result = await fetchDownstreamJson({
+          c,
+          instance: target.instance,
+          path: `/events/${target.localEventId}/payload`,
+          query: forwardQuery,
+          schema: ConsoleRequestPayloadSchema,
+          fetchImpl,
+        });
+
+        if (!result.ok) {
+          return downstreamFailureResponse(c, result.failure);
+        }
+
+        return c.json({
+          ...result.data,
+          instanceId: target.instance.instanceId,
+          federatedEventId: `${target.instance.instanceId}:${target.localEventId}`,
+          localEventId: target.localEventId,
+        });
+      });
+    }
+  );
+
+  return routes;
+}
+
+function measureWebSocketMessageBytes(data: unknown): number {
+  if (typeof data === 'string') {
+    return new TextEncoder().encode(data).byteLength;
+  }
+  if (data instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
+    return data.byteLength;
+  }
+  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(data)) {
+    return data.byteLength;
+  }
+  if (typeof Blob !== 'undefined' && data instanceof Blob) {
+    return data.size;
+  }
+  return new TextEncoder().encode(String(data)).byteLength;
+}