@sylix/coworker 2.0.10 → 2.0.12

package/dist/skills/defaults/accessibility/screen-reader-testing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+---
+name: screen-reader-testing
+description: Test web applications with screen readers including VoiceOver, NVDA, and JAWS. Use when validating screen reader compatibility, debugging accessibility issues, or ensuring assistive technology support.
+---
+
+# Screen Reader Testing
+
+Practical guide to testing web applications with screen readers for comprehensive accessibility validation.
+
+## When to Use This Skill
+
+- Validating screen reader compatibility
+- Testing ARIA implementations
+- Debugging assistive technology issues
+- Verifying form accessibility
+- Testing dynamic content announcements
+- Ensuring navigation accessibility
+
+## Core Concepts
+
+### 1. Major Screen Readers
+
+| Screen Reader | Platform  | Browser        | Usage |
+| ------------- | --------- | -------------- | ----- |
+| **VoiceOver** | macOS/iOS | Safari         | ~15%  |
+| **NVDA**      | Windows   | Firefox/Chrome | ~31%  |
+| **JAWS**      | Windows   | Chrome/IE      | ~40%  |
+| **TalkBack**  | Android   | Chrome         | ~10%  |
+| **Narrator**  | Windows   | Edge           | ~4%   |
+
+### 2. Testing Priority
+
+```
+Minimum Coverage:
+1. NVDA + Firefox (Windows)
+2. VoiceOver + Safari (macOS)
+3. VoiceOver + Safari (iOS)
+
+Comprehensive Coverage:
++ JAWS + Chrome (Windows)
++ TalkBack + Chrome (Android)
++ Narrator + Edge (Windows)
+```
+
+### 3. Screen Reader Modes
+
+| Mode               | Purpose                | When Used         |
+| ------------------ | ---------------------- | ----------------- |
+| **Browse/Virtual** | Read content           | Default reading   |
+| **Focus/Forms**    | Interact with controls | Filling forms     |
+| **Application**    | Custom widgets         | ARIA applications |
+
+## VoiceOver (macOS)
+
+### Setup
+
+```
+Enable: System Preferences → Accessibility → VoiceOver
+Toggle: Cmd + F5
+Quick Toggle: Triple-press Touch ID
+```
+
+### Essential Commands
+
+```
+Navigation:
+VO = Ctrl + Option (VoiceOver modifier)
+
+VO + Right Arrow   Next element
+VO + Left Arrow    Previous element
+VO + Shift + Down  Enter group
+VO + Shift + Up    Exit group
+
+Reading:
+VO + A             Read all from cursor
+Ctrl               Stop speaking
+VO + B             Read current paragraph
+
+Interaction:
+VO + Space         Activate element
+VO + Shift + M     Open menu
+Tab                Next focusable element
+Shift + Tab        Previous focusable element
+
+Rotor (VO + U):
+Navigate by: Headings, Links, Forms, Landmarks
+Left/Right Arrow   Change rotor category
+Up/Down Arrow      Navigate within category
+Enter              Go to item
+
+Web Specific:
+VO + Cmd + H       Next heading
+VO + Cmd + J       Next form control
+VO + Cmd + L       Next link
+VO + Cmd + T       Next table
+```
+
+### Testing Checklist
+
+```markdown
+## VoiceOver Testing Checklist
+
+### Page Load
+
+- [ ] Page title announced
+- [ ] Main landmark found
+- [ ] Skip link works
+
+### Navigation
+
+- [ ] All headings discoverable via rotor
+- [ ] Heading levels logical (H1 → H2 → H3)
+- [ ] Landmarks properly labeled
+- [ ] Skip links functional
+
+### Links & Buttons
+
+- [ ] Link purpose clear
+- [ ] Button actions described
+- [ ] New window/tab announced
+
+### Forms
+
+- [ ] All labels read with inputs
+- [ ] Required fields announced
+- [ ] Error messages read
+- [ ] Instructions available
+- [ ] Focus moves to errors
+
+### Dynamic Content
+
+- [ ] Alerts announced immediately
+- [ ] Loading states communicated
+- [ ] Content updates announced
+- [ ] Modals trap focus correctly
+
+### Tables
+
+- [ ] Headers associated with cells
+- [ ] Table navigation works
+- [ ] Complex tables have captions
+```
+
+### Common Issues & Fixes
+
+```html
+<!-- Issue: Button not announcing purpose -->
+<button><svg>...</svg></button>
+
+<!-- Fix -->
+<button aria-label="Close dialog"><svg aria-hidden="true">...</svg></button>
+
+<!-- Issue: Dynamic content not announced -->
+<div id="results">New results loaded</div>
+
+<!-- Fix -->
+<div id="results" role="status" aria-live="polite">New results loaded</div>
+
+<!-- Issue: Form error not read -->
+<input type="email" />
+<span class="error">Invalid email</span>
+
+<!-- Fix -->
+<input type="email" aria-invalid="true" aria-describedby="email-error" />
+<span id="email-error" role="alert">Invalid email</span>
+```
+
+## NVDA (Windows)
+
+### Setup
+
+```
+Download: nvaccess.org
+Start: Ctrl + Alt + N
+Stop: Insert + Q
+```
+
+### Essential Commands
+
+```
+Navigation:
+Insert = NVDA modifier
+
+Down Arrow         Next line
+Up Arrow           Previous line
+Tab                Next focusable
+Shift + Tab        Previous focusable
+
+Reading:
+NVDA + Down Arrow  Say all
+Ctrl               Stop speech
+NVDA + Up Arrow    Current line
+
+Headings:
+H                  Next heading
+Shift + H          Previous heading
+1-6                Heading level 1-6
+
+Forms:
+F                  Next form field
+B                  Next button
+E                  Next edit field
+X                  Next checkbox
+C                  Next combo box
+
+Links:
+K                  Next link
+U                  Next unvisited link
+V                  Next visited link
+
+Landmarks:
+D                  Next landmark
+Shift + D          Previous landmark
+
+Tables:
+T                  Next table
+Ctrl + Alt + Arrows Navigate cells
+
+Elements List (NVDA + F7):
+Shows all links, headings, form fields, landmarks
+```
+
+### Browse vs Focus Mode
+
+```
+NVDA automatically switches modes:
+- Browse Mode: Arrow keys navigate content
+- Focus Mode: Arrow keys control interactive elements
+
+Manual switch: NVDA + Space
+
+Watch for:
+- "Browse mode" announcement when navigating
+- "Focus mode" when entering form fields
+- Application role forces forms mode
+```
+
+### Testing Script
+
+```markdown
+## NVDA Test Script
+
+### Initial Load
+
+1. Navigate to page
+2. Let page finish loading
+3. Press Insert + Down to read all
+4. Note: Page title, main content identified?
+
+### Landmark Navigation
+
+1. Press D repeatedly
+2. Check: All main areas reachable?
+3. Check: Landmarks properly labeled?
+
+### Heading Navigation
+
+1. Press Insert + F7 → Headings
+2. Check: Logical heading structure?
+3. Press H to navigate headings
+4. Check: All sections discoverable?
+
+### Form Testing
+
+1. Press F to find first form field
+2. Check: Label read?
+3. Fill in invalid data
+4. Submit form
+5. Check: Errors announced?
+6. Check: Focus moved to error?
+
+### Interactive Elements
+
+1. Tab through all interactive elements
+2. Check: Each announces role and state
+3. Activate buttons with Enter/Space
+4. Check: Result announced?
+
+### Dynamic Content
+
+1. Trigger content update
+2. Check: Change announced?
+3. Open modal
+4. Check: Focus trapped?
+5. Close modal
+6. Check: Focus returns?
+```
+
+## JAWS (Windows)
+
+### Essential Commands
+
+```
+Start: Desktop shortcut or Ctrl + Alt + J
+Virtual Cursor: Auto-enabled in browsers
+
+Navigation:
+Arrow keys         Navigate content
+Tab                Next focusable
+Insert + Down      Read all
+Ctrl               Stop speech
+
+Quick Keys:
+H                  Next heading
+T                  Next table
+F                  Next form field
+B                  Next button
+G                  Next graphic
+L                  Next list
+;                  Next landmark
+
+Forms Mode:
+Enter              Enter forms mode
+Numpad +           Exit forms mode
+F5                 List form fields
+
+Lists:
+Insert + F7        Link list
+Insert + F6        Heading list
+Insert + F5        Form field list
+
+Tables:
+Ctrl + Alt + Arrows Table navigation
+```
+
+## TalkBack (Android)
+
+### Setup
+
+```
+Enable: Settings → Accessibility → TalkBack
+Toggle: Hold both volume buttons 3 seconds
+```
+
+### Gestures
+
+```
+Explore: Drag finger across screen
+Next: Swipe right
+Previous: Swipe left
+Activate: Double tap
+Scroll: Two finger swipe
+
+Reading Controls (swipe up then right):
+- Headings
+- Links
+- Controls
+- Characters
+- Words
+- Lines
+- Paragraphs
+```
+
+## Common Test Scenarios
+
+### 1. Modal Dialog
+
+```html
+<!-- Accessible modal structure -->
+<div
+  role="dialog"
+  aria-modal="true"
+  aria-labelledby="dialog-title"
+  aria-describedby="dialog-desc"
+>
+  <h2 id="dialog-title">Confirm Delete</h2>
+  <p id="dialog-desc">This action cannot be undone.</p>
+  <button>Cancel</button>
+  <button>Delete</button>
+</div>
+```
+
+```javascript
+// Focus management
+function openModal(modal) {
+  // Store last focused element
+  lastFocus = document.activeElement;
+
+  // Move focus to modal
+  modal.querySelector("h2").focus();
+
+  // Trap focus
+  modal.addEventListener("keydown", trapFocus);
+}
+
+function closeModal(modal) {
+  // Return focus
+  lastFocus.focus();
+}
+
+function trapFocus(e) {
+  if (e.key === "Tab") {
+    const focusable = modal.querySelectorAll(
+      'button, [href], input, select, textarea, [tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])',
+    );
+    const first = focusable[0];
+    const last = focusable[focusable.length - 1];
+
+    if (e.shiftKey && document.activeElement === first) {
+      last.focus();
+      e.preventDefault();
+    } else if (!e.shiftKey && document.activeElement === last) {
+      first.focus();
+      e.preventDefault();
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (e.key === "Escape") {
+    closeModal(modal);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Live Regions
+
+```html
+<!-- Status messages (polite) -->
+<div role="status" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true">
+  <!-- Content updates will be announced after current speech -->
+</div>
+
+<!-- Alerts (assertive) -->
+<div role="alert" aria-live="assertive">
+  <!-- Content updates interrupt current speech -->
+</div>
+
+<!-- Progress updates -->
+<div
+  role="progressbar"
+  aria-valuenow="75"
+  aria-valuemin="0"
+  aria-valuemax="100"
+  aria-label="Upload progress"
+></div>
+
+<!-- Log (additions only) -->
+<div role="log" aria-live="polite" aria-relevant="additions">
+  <!-- New messages announced, removals not -->
+</div>
+```
+
+### 3. Tab Interface
+
+```html
+<div role="tablist" aria-label="Product information">
+  <button role="tab" id="tab-1" aria-selected="true" aria-controls="panel-1">
+    Description
+  </button>
+  <button
+    role="tab"
+    id="tab-2"
+    aria-selected="false"
+    aria-controls="panel-2"
+    tabindex="-1"
+  >
+    Reviews
+  </button>
+</div>
+
+<div role="tabpanel" id="panel-1" aria-labelledby="tab-1">
+  Product description content...
+</div>
+
+<div role="tabpanel" id="panel-2" aria-labelledby="tab-2" hidden>
+  Reviews content...
+</div>
+```
+
+```javascript
+// Tab keyboard navigation
+tablist.addEventListener("keydown", (e) => {
+  const tabs = [...tablist.querySelectorAll('[role="tab"]')];
+  const index = tabs.indexOf(document.activeElement);
+
+  let newIndex;
+  switch (e.key) {
+    case "ArrowRight":
+      newIndex = (index + 1) % tabs.length;
+      break;
+    case "ArrowLeft":
+      newIndex = (index - 1 + tabs.length) % tabs.length;
+      break;
+    case "Home":
+      newIndex = 0;
+      break;
+    case "End":
+      newIndex = tabs.length - 1;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return;
+  }
+
+  tabs[newIndex].focus();
+  activateTab(tabs[newIndex]);
+  e.preventDefault();
+});
+```
+
+## Debugging Tips
+
+```javascript
+// Log what screen reader sees
+function logAccessibleName(element) {
+  const computed = window.getComputedStyle(element);
+  console.log({
+    role: element.getAttribute("role") || element.tagName,
+    name:
+      element.getAttribute("aria-label") ||
+      element.getAttribute("aria-labelledby") ||
+      element.textContent,
+    state: {
+      expanded: element.getAttribute("aria-expanded"),
+      selected: element.getAttribute("aria-selected"),
+      checked: element.getAttribute("aria-checked"),
+      disabled: element.disabled,
+    },
+    visible: computed.display !== "none" && computed.visibility !== "hidden",
+  });
+}
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+### Do's
+
+- **Test with actual screen readers** - Not just simulators
+- **Use semantic HTML first** - ARIA is supplemental
+- **Test in browse and focus modes** - Different experiences
+- **Verify focus management** - Especially for SPAs
+- **Test keyboard only first** - Foundation for SR testing
+
+### Don'ts
+
+- **Don't assume one SR is enough** - Test multiple
+- **Don't ignore mobile** - Growing user base
+- **Don't test only happy path** - Test error states
+- **Don't skip dynamic content** - Most common issues
+- **Don't rely on visual testing** - Different experience
+
+## Resources
+
+- [VoiceOver User Guide](https://support.apple.com/guide/voiceover/welcome/mac)
+- [NVDA User Guide](https://www.nvaccess.org/files/nvda/documentation/userGuide.html)
+- [JAWS Documentation](https://support.freedomscientific.com/Products/Blindness/JAWS)
+- [WebAIM Screen Reader Survey](https://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey/)