@swiftbrowser/wasm-sdk-foundation 0.0.0-stage → 0.9.0

package/wasm32-unknown-wasip1/swift.xctoolchain/usr/lib/swift_static/_foundation_unicode/ucol.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1649 @@
+// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
+// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
+/*
+*******************************************************************************
+* Copyright (c) 1996-2015, International Business Machines Corporation and others.
+* All Rights Reserved.
+*******************************************************************************
+*/
+
+#ifndef UCOL_H
+#define UCOL_H
+
+#include <_foundation_unicode/utypes.h>
+
+#if !UCONFIG_NO_COLLATION
+
+#include <_foundation_unicode/unorm.h>
+#include <_foundation_unicode/parseerr.h>
+#include <_foundation_unicode/uloc.h>
+#include <_foundation_unicode/uset.h>
+#include <_foundation_unicode/uscript.h>
+
+#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API
+#include <_foundation_unicode/localpointer.h>
+#endif   // U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API
+
+/**
+ * \file
+ * \brief C API: Collator 
+ *
+ * <h2> Collator C API </h2>
+ *
+ * The C API for Collator performs locale-sensitive
+ * string comparison. You use this service to build
+ * searching and sorting routines for natural language text.
+ * <p>
+ * For more information about the collation service see 
+ * <a href="https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/collation">the User Guide</a>.
+ * <p>
+ * Collation service provides correct sorting orders for most locales supported in ICU. 
+ * If specific data for a locale is not available, the orders eventually falls back
+ * to the <a href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-collation.html#Root_Collation">CLDR root sort order</a>. 
+ * <p>
+ * Sort ordering may be customized by providing your own set of rules. For more on
+ * this subject see the <a href="https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/collation/customization">
+ * Collation Customization</a> section of the User Guide.
+ * <p>
+ * @see         UCollationResult
+ * @see         UNormalizationMode
+ * @see         UCollationStrength
+ * @see         UCollationElements
+ */
+
+/** A collator.
+*  For usage in C programs.
+*/
+struct UCollator;
+/** structure representing a collator object instance 
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+typedef struct UCollator UCollator;
+
+
+/**
+ * UCOL_LESS is returned if source string is compared to be less than target
+ * string in the ucol_strcoll() method.
+ * UCOL_EQUAL is returned if source string is compared to be equal to target
+ * string in the ucol_strcoll() method.
+ * UCOL_GREATER is returned if source string is compared to be greater than
+ * target string in the ucol_strcoll() method.
+ * @see ucol_strcoll()
+ * <p>
+ * Possible values for a comparison result 
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+typedef enum {
+  /** string a == string b */
+  UCOL_EQUAL    = 0,
+  /** string a > string b */
+  UCOL_GREATER    = 1,
+  /** string a < string b */
+  UCOL_LESS    = -1
+} UCollationResult ;
+
+
+/** Enum containing attribute values for controlling collation behavior.
+ * Here are all the allowable values. Not every attribute can take every value. The only
+ * universal value is UCOL_DEFAULT, which resets the attribute value to the predefined  
+ * value for that locale 
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+typedef enum {
+  /** accepted by most attributes */
+  UCOL_DEFAULT = -1,
+
+  /** Primary collation strength */
+  UCOL_PRIMARY = 0,
+  /** Secondary collation strength */
+  UCOL_SECONDARY = 1,
+  /** Tertiary collation strength */
+  UCOL_TERTIARY = 2,
+  /** Default collation strength */
+  UCOL_DEFAULT_STRENGTH = UCOL_TERTIARY,
+  UCOL_CE_STRENGTH_LIMIT,
+  /** Quaternary collation strength */
+  UCOL_QUATERNARY=3,
+  /** Identical collation strength */
+  UCOL_IDENTICAL=15,
+  UCOL_STRENGTH_LIMIT,
+
+  /** Turn the feature off - works for UCOL_FRENCH_COLLATION, 
+      UCOL_CASE_LEVEL, UCOL_HIRAGANA_QUATERNARY_MODE
+      & UCOL_DECOMPOSITION_MODE*/
+  UCOL_OFF = 16,
+  /** Turn the feature on - works for UCOL_FRENCH_COLLATION, 
+      UCOL_CASE_LEVEL, UCOL_HIRAGANA_QUATERNARY_MODE
+      & UCOL_DECOMPOSITION_MODE*/
+  UCOL_ON = 17,
+  
+  /** Valid for UCOL_ALTERNATE_HANDLING. Alternate handling will be shifted */
+  UCOL_SHIFTED = 20,
+  /** Valid for UCOL_ALTERNATE_HANDLING. Alternate handling will be non ignorable */
+  UCOL_NON_IGNORABLE = 21,
+
+  /** Valid for UCOL_CASE_FIRST - 
+      lower case sorts before upper case */
+  UCOL_LOWER_FIRST = 24,
+  /** upper case sorts before lower case */
+  UCOL_UPPER_FIRST = 25,
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+    /**
+     * One more than the highest normal UColAttributeValue value.
+     * @deprecated ICU 58 The numeric value may change over time, see ICU ticket #12420.
+     */
+  UCOL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_COUNT
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+} UColAttributeValue;
+
+/**
+ * Enum containing the codes for reordering segments of the collation table that are not script
+ * codes. These reordering codes are to be used in conjunction with the script codes.
+ * @see ucol_getReorderCodes
+ * @see ucol_setReorderCodes
+ * @see ucol_getEquivalentReorderCodes
+ * @see UScriptCode
+ * @stable ICU 4.8
+ */
+ typedef enum {
+   /**
+    * A special reordering code that is used to specify the default
+    * reordering codes for a locale.
+    * @stable ICU 4.8
+    */   
+    UCOL_REORDER_CODE_DEFAULT       = -1,
+   /**
+    * A special reordering code that is used to specify no reordering codes.
+    * @stable ICU 4.8
+    */   
+    UCOL_REORDER_CODE_NONE          = USCRIPT_UNKNOWN,
+   /**
+    * A special reordering code that is used to specify all other codes used for
+    * reordering except for the codes lised as UColReorderCode values and those
+    * listed explicitly in a reordering.
+    * @stable ICU 4.8
+    */   
+    UCOL_REORDER_CODE_OTHERS        = USCRIPT_UNKNOWN,
+   /**
+    * Characters with the space property.
+    * This is equivalent to the rule value "space".
+    * @stable ICU 4.8
+    */    
+    UCOL_REORDER_CODE_SPACE         = 0x1000,
+   /**
+    * The first entry in the enumeration of reordering groups. This is intended for use in
+    * range checking and enumeration of the reorder codes.
+    * @stable ICU 4.8
+    */    
+    UCOL_REORDER_CODE_FIRST         = UCOL_REORDER_CODE_SPACE,
+   /**
+    * Characters with the punctuation property.
+    * This is equivalent to the rule value "punct".
+    * @stable ICU 4.8
+    */    
+    UCOL_REORDER_CODE_PUNCTUATION   = 0x1001,
+   /**
+    * Characters with the symbol property.
+    * This is equivalent to the rule value "symbol".
+    * @stable ICU 4.8
+    */    
+    UCOL_REORDER_CODE_SYMBOL        = 0x1002,
+   /**
+    * Characters with the currency property.
+    * This is equivalent to the rule value "currency".
+    * @stable ICU 4.8
+    */    
+    UCOL_REORDER_CODE_CURRENCY      = 0x1003,
+   /**
+    * Characters with the digit property.
+    * This is equivalent to the rule value "digit".
+    * @stable ICU 4.8
+    */    
+    UCOL_REORDER_CODE_DIGIT         = 0x1004,
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+    /**
+     * One more than the highest normal UColReorderCode value.
+     * @deprecated ICU 58 The numeric value may change over time, see ICU ticket #12420.
+     */
+    UCOL_REORDER_CODE_LIMIT         = 0x1005
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+} UColReorderCode;
+
+/**
+ * Base letter represents a primary difference.  Set comparison
+ * level to UCOL_PRIMARY to ignore secondary and tertiary differences.
+ * Use this to set the strength of a Collator object.
+ * Example of primary difference, "abc" &lt; "abd"
+ * 
+ * Diacritical differences on the same base letter represent a secondary
+ * difference.  Set comparison level to UCOL_SECONDARY to ignore tertiary
+ * differences. Use this to set the strength of a Collator object.
+ * Example of secondary difference, "&auml;" >> "a".
+ *
+ * Uppercase and lowercase versions of the same character represents a
+ * tertiary difference.  Set comparison level to UCOL_TERTIARY to include
+ * all comparison differences. Use this to set the strength of a Collator
+ * object.
+ * Example of tertiary difference, "abc" &lt;&lt;&lt; "ABC".
+ *
+ * Two characters are considered "identical" when they have the same
+ * unicode spellings.  UCOL_IDENTICAL.
+ * For example, "&auml;" == "&auml;".
+ *
+ * UCollationStrength is also used to determine the strength of sort keys 
+ * generated from UCollator objects
+ * These values can be now found in the UColAttributeValue enum.
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ **/
+typedef UColAttributeValue UCollationStrength;
+
+/** Attributes that collation service understands. All the attributes can take UCOL_DEFAULT
+ * value, as well as the values specific to each one. 
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+typedef enum {
+     /** Attribute for direction of secondary weights - used in Canadian French.
+      * Acceptable values are UCOL_ON, which results in secondary weights
+      * being considered backwards and UCOL_OFF which treats secondary
+      * weights in the order they appear.
+      * @stable ICU 2.0
+      */
+     UCOL_FRENCH_COLLATION, 
+     /** Attribute for handling variable elements.
+      * Acceptable values are UCOL_NON_IGNORABLE
+      * which treats all the codepoints with non-ignorable
+      * primary weights in the same way,
+      * and UCOL_SHIFTED which causes codepoints with primary
+      * weights that are equal or below the variable top value
+      * to be ignored on primary level and moved to the quaternary
+      * level. The default setting in a Collator object depends on the
+      * locale data loaded from the resources. For most locales, the
+      * default is UCOL_NON_IGNORABLE, but for others, such as "th",
+      * the default could be UCOL_SHIFTED.
+      * @stable ICU 2.0
+      */
+     UCOL_ALTERNATE_HANDLING,
+     /** Controls the ordering of upper and lower case letters.
+      * Acceptable values are UCOL_OFF, which orders
+      * upper and lower case letters in accordance to their tertiary
+      * weights, UCOL_UPPER_FIRST which forces upper case letters to
+      * sort before lower case letters, and UCOL_LOWER_FIRST which does
+      * the opposite. The default setting in a Collator object depends on the
+      * locale data loaded from the resources. For most locales, the
+      * default is UCOL_OFF, but for others, such as "da" or "mt",
+      * the default could be UCOL_UPPER.
+      * @stable ICU 2.0
+      */
+     UCOL_CASE_FIRST,
+     /** Controls whether an extra case level (positioned before the third
+      * level) is generated or not. Acceptable values are UCOL_OFF,
+      * when case level is not generated, and UCOL_ON which causes the case
+      * level to be generated. Contents of the case level are affected by
+      * the value of UCOL_CASE_FIRST attribute. A simple way to ignore
+      * accent differences in a string is to set the strength to UCOL_PRIMARY
+      * and enable case level. The default setting in a Collator object depends
+      * on the locale data loaded from the resources.
+      * @stable ICU 2.0
+      */
+     UCOL_CASE_LEVEL,
+     /** Controls whether the normalization check and necessary normalizations
+      * are performed. When set to UCOL_OFF no normalization check
+      * is performed. The correctness of the result is guaranteed only if the
+      * input data is in so-called FCD form (see users manual for more info).
+      * When set to UCOL_ON, an incremental check is performed to see whether
+      * the input data is in the FCD form. If the data is not in the FCD form,
+      * incremental NFD normalization is performed. The default setting in a
+      * Collator object depends on the locale data loaded from the resources.
+      * For many locales, the default is UCOL_OFF, but for others, such as "hi"
+      * "vi', or "bn", * the default could be UCOL_ON.
+      * @stable ICU 2.0
+      */
+     UCOL_NORMALIZATION_MODE, 
+     /** An alias for UCOL_NORMALIZATION_MODE attribute.
+      * @stable ICU 2.0
+      */
+     UCOL_DECOMPOSITION_MODE = UCOL_NORMALIZATION_MODE,
+     /** The strength attribute. Can be either UCOL_PRIMARY, UCOL_SECONDARY,
+      * UCOL_TERTIARY, UCOL_QUATERNARY or UCOL_IDENTICAL. The usual strength
+      * for most locales (except Japanese) is tertiary.
+      *
+      * Quaternary strength 
+      * is useful when combined with shifted setting for alternate handling
+      * attribute and for JIS X 4061 collation, when it is used to distinguish
+      * between Katakana and Hiragana.
+      * Otherwise, quaternary level
+      * is affected only by the number of non-ignorable code points in
+      * the string.
+      *
+      * Identical strength is rarely useful, as it amounts 
+      * to codepoints of the NFD form of the string.
+      * @stable ICU 2.0
+      */
+     UCOL_STRENGTH,  
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+     /** When turned on, this attribute positions Hiragana before all  
+      * non-ignorables on quaternary level This is a sneaky way to produce JIS
+      * sort order.
+      *
+      * This attribute was an implementation detail of the CLDR Japanese tailoring.
+      * Since ICU 50, this attribute is not settable any more via API functions.
+      * Since CLDR 25/ICU 53, explicit quaternary relations are used
+      * to achieve the same Japanese sort order.
+      *
+      * @deprecated ICU 50 Implementation detail, cannot be set via API, was removed from implementation.
+      */
+     UCOL_HIRAGANA_QUATERNARY_MODE = UCOL_STRENGTH + 1,
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+     /**
+      * When turned on, this attribute makes
+      * substrings of digits sort according to their numeric values.
+      *
+      * This is a way to get '100' to sort AFTER '2'. Note that the longest
+      * digit substring that can be treated as a single unit is
+      * 254 digits (not counting leading zeros). If a digit substring is
+      * longer than that, the digits beyond the limit will be treated as a
+      * separate digit substring.
+      *
+      * A "digit" in this sense is a code point with General_Category=Nd,
+      * which does not include circled numbers, roman numerals, etc.
+      * Only a contiguous digit substring is considered, that is,
+      * non-negative integers without separators.
+      * There is no support for plus/minus signs, decimals, exponents, etc.
+      *
+      * @stable ICU 2.8
+      */
+     UCOL_NUMERIC_COLLATION = UCOL_STRENGTH + 2, 
+
+    /* Do not conditionalize the following with #ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API,
+     * it is needed for layout of RuleBasedCollator object. */
+#ifndef U_FORCE_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+    /**
+     * One more than the highest normal UColAttribute value.
+     * @deprecated ICU 58 The numeric value may change over time, see ICU ticket #12420.
+     */
+     UCOL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT
+#endif  // U_FORCE_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+} UColAttribute;
+
+/** Options for retrieving the rule string 
+ *  @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+typedef enum {
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the tailoring rules only.
+   * Same as calling the version of getRules() without UColRuleOption.
+   * @stable ICU 2.0
+   */
+  UCOL_TAILORING_ONLY, 
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the "UCA rules" concatenated with the tailoring rules.
+   * The "UCA rules" are an <i>approximation</i> of the root collator's sort order.
+   * They are almost never used or useful at runtime and can be removed from the data.
+   * See https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/collation/customization#building-on-existing-locales
+   * @stable ICU 2.0
+   */
+  UCOL_FULL_RULES 
+} UColRuleOption ;
+
+/**
+ * Open a UCollator for comparing strings.
+ *
+ * For some languages, multiple collation types are available;
+ * for example, "de@collation=phonebook".
+ * Starting with ICU 54, collation attributes can be specified via locale keywords as well,
+ * in the old locale extension syntax ("el@colCaseFirst=upper")
+ * or in language tag syntax ("el-u-kf-upper").
+ * See <a href="https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/collation/api">User Guide: Collation API</a>.
+ *
+ * The UCollator pointer is used in all the calls to the Collation 
+ * service. After finished, collator must be disposed of by calling
+ * {@link #ucol_close }.
+ * @param loc The locale containing the required collation rules. 
+ *            Special values for locales can be passed in - 
+ *            if NULL is passed for the locale, the default locale
+ *            collation rules will be used. If empty string ("") or
+ *            "root" are passed, the root collator will be returned.
+ * @param status A pointer to a UErrorCode to receive any errors
+ * @return A pointer to a UCollator, or 0 if an error occurred.
+ * @see ucol_openRules
+ * @see ucol_clone
+ * @see ucol_close
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UCollator* U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_open(const char *loc, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Produce a UCollator instance according to the rules supplied.
+ * The rules are used to change the default ordering, defined in the
+ * UCA in a process called tailoring. The resulting UCollator pointer
+ * can be used in the same way as the one obtained by {@link #ucol_open }.
+ * @param rules A string describing the collation rules. For the syntax
+ *              of the rules please see users guide.
+ * @param rulesLength The length of rules, or -1 if null-terminated.
+ * @param normalizationMode The normalization mode: One of
+ *             UCOL_OFF     (expect the text to not need normalization),
+ *             UCOL_ON      (normalize), or
+ *             UCOL_DEFAULT (set the mode according to the rules)
+ * @param strength The default collation strength; one of UCOL_PRIMARY, UCOL_SECONDARY,
+ * UCOL_TERTIARY, UCOL_IDENTICAL,UCOL_DEFAULT_STRENGTH - can be also set in the rules.
+ * @param parseError  A pointer to UParseError to receive information about errors
+ *                    occurred during parsing. This argument can currently be set
+ *                    to NULL, but at users own risk. Please provide a real structure.
+ * @param status A pointer to a UErrorCode to receive any errors
+ * @return A pointer to a UCollator. It is not guaranteed that NULL be returned in case
+ *         of error - please use status argument to check for errors.
+ * @see ucol_open
+ * @see ucol_clone
+ * @see ucol_close
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UCollator* U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_openRules( const UChar        *rules,
+                int32_t            rulesLength,
+                UColAttributeValue normalizationMode,
+                UCollationStrength strength,
+                UParseError        *parseError,
+                UErrorCode         *status);
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+/** 
+ * Open a collator defined by a short form string.
+ * The structure and the syntax of the string is defined in the "Naming collators"
+ * section of the users guide: 
+ * https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/collation/concepts#collator-naming-scheme
+ * Attributes are overridden by the subsequent attributes. So, for "S2_S3", final
+ * strength will be 3. 3066bis locale overrides individual locale parts.
+ * The call to this function is equivalent to a call to ucol_open, followed by a 
+ * series of calls to ucol_setAttribute and ucol_setVariableTop.
+ * @param definition A short string containing a locale and a set of attributes. 
+ *                   Attributes not explicitly mentioned are left at the default
+ *                   state for a locale.
+ * @param parseError if not NULL, structure that will get filled with error's pre
+ *                   and post context in case of error.
+ * @param forceDefaults if false, the settings that are the same as the collator 
+ *                   default settings will not be applied (for example, setting
+ *                   French secondary on a French collator would not be executed). 
+ *                   If true, all the settings will be applied regardless of the 
+ *                   collator default value. If the definition
+ *                   strings are to be cached, should be set to false.
+ * @param status     Error code. Apart from regular error conditions connected to 
+ *                   instantiating collators (like out of memory or similar), this
+ *                   API will return an error if an invalid attribute or attribute/value
+ *                   combination is specified.
+ * @return           A pointer to a UCollator or 0 if an error occurred (including an 
+ *                   invalid attribute).
+ * @see ucol_open
+ * @see ucol_setAttribute
+ * @see ucol_setVariableTop
+ * @see ucol_getShortDefinitionString
+ * @see ucol_normalizeShortDefinitionString
+ * @deprecated ICU 54 Use ucol_open() with language tag collation keywords instead.
+ */
+U_DEPRECATED UCollator* U_EXPORT2
+ucol_openFromShortString( const char *definition,
+                          UBool forceDefaults,
+                          UParseError *parseError,
+                          UErrorCode *status);
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+/**
+ * Get a set containing the contractions defined by the collator. The set includes
+ * both the root collator's contractions and the contractions defined by the collator. This set
+ * will contain only strings. If a tailoring explicitly suppresses contractions from 
+ * the root collator (like Russian), removed contractions will not be in the resulting set.
+ * @param coll collator 
+ * @param conts the set to hold the result. It gets emptied before
+ *              contractions are added. 
+ * @param status to hold the error code
+ * @return the size of the contraction set
+ *
+ * @deprecated ICU 3.4, use ucol_getContractionsAndExpansions instead
+ */
+U_DEPRECATED int32_t U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getContractions( const UCollator *coll,
+                  USet *conts,
+                  UErrorCode *status);
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+
+/**
+ * Get a set containing the expansions defined by the collator. The set includes
+ * both the root collator's expansions and the expansions defined by the tailoring
+ * @param coll collator
+ * @param contractions if not NULL, the set to hold the contractions
+ * @param expansions if not NULL, the set to hold the expansions
+ * @param addPrefixes add the prefix contextual elements to contractions
+ * @param status to hold the error code
+ *
+ * @stable ICU 3.4
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getContractionsAndExpansions( const UCollator *coll,
+                  USet *contractions, USet *expansions,
+                  UBool addPrefixes, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/** 
+ * Close a UCollator.
+ * Once closed, a UCollator should not be used. Every open collator should
+ * be closed. Otherwise, a memory leak will result.
+ * @param coll The UCollator to close.
+ * @see ucol_open
+ * @see ucol_openRules
+ * @see ucol_clone
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_close(UCollator *coll);
+
+#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API
+
+U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * \class LocalUCollatorPointer
+ * "Smart pointer" class, closes a UCollator via ucol_close().
+ * For most methods see the LocalPointerBase base class.
+ *
+ * @see LocalPointerBase
+ * @see LocalPointer
+ * @stable ICU 4.4
+ */
+U_DEFINE_LOCAL_OPEN_POINTER(LocalUCollatorPointer, UCollator, ucol_close);
+
+U_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Compare two strings.
+ * The strings will be compared using the options already specified.
+ * @param coll The UCollator containing the comparison rules.
+ * @param source The source string.
+ * @param sourceLength The length of source, or -1 if null-terminated.
+ * @param target The target string.
+ * @param targetLength The length of target, or -1 if null-terminated.
+ * @return The result of comparing the strings; one of UCOL_EQUAL,
+ * UCOL_GREATER, UCOL_LESS
+ * @see ucol_greater
+ * @see ucol_greaterOrEqual
+ * @see ucol_equal
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UCollationResult U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_strcoll(    const    UCollator    *coll,
+        const    UChar        *source,
+        int32_t            sourceLength,
+        const    UChar        *target,
+        int32_t            targetLength);
+
+/** 
+* Compare two strings in UTF-8. 
+* The strings will be compared using the options already specified. 
+* Note: When input string contains malformed a UTF-8 byte sequence, 
+* this function treats these bytes as REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD).
+* @param coll The UCollator containing the comparison rules. 
+* @param source The source UTF-8 string. 
+* @param sourceLength The length of source, or -1 if null-terminated. 
+* @param target The target UTF-8 string. 
+* @param targetLength The length of target, or -1 if null-terminated. 
+* @param status A pointer to a UErrorCode to receive any errors 
+* @return The result of comparing the strings; one of UCOL_EQUAL, 
+* UCOL_GREATER, UCOL_LESS 
+* @see ucol_greater 
+* @see ucol_greaterOrEqual 
+* @see ucol_equal 
+* @stable ICU 50 
+*/ 
+U_CAPI UCollationResult U_EXPORT2
+ucol_strcollUTF8(
+        const UCollator *coll,
+        const char      *source,
+        int32_t         sourceLength,
+        const char      *target,
+        int32_t         targetLength,
+        UErrorCode      *status);
+
+/**
+ * Determine if one string is greater than another.
+ * This function is equivalent to {@link #ucol_strcoll } == UCOL_GREATER
+ * @param coll The UCollator containing the comparison rules.
+ * @param source The source string.
+ * @param sourceLength The length of source, or -1 if null-terminated.
+ * @param target The target string.
+ * @param targetLength The length of target, or -1 if null-terminated.
+ * @return true if source is greater than target, false otherwise.
+ * @see ucol_strcoll
+ * @see ucol_greaterOrEqual
+ * @see ucol_equal
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UBool U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_greater(const UCollator *coll,
+             const UChar     *source, int32_t sourceLength,
+             const UChar     *target, int32_t targetLength);
+
+/**
+ * Determine if one string is greater than or equal to another.
+ * This function is equivalent to {@link #ucol_strcoll } != UCOL_LESS
+ * @param coll The UCollator containing the comparison rules.
+ * @param source The source string.
+ * @param sourceLength The length of source, or -1 if null-terminated.
+ * @param target The target string.
+ * @param targetLength The length of target, or -1 if null-terminated.
+ * @return true if source is greater than or equal to target, false otherwise.
+ * @see ucol_strcoll
+ * @see ucol_greater
+ * @see ucol_equal
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UBool U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_greaterOrEqual(const UCollator *coll,
+                    const UChar     *source, int32_t sourceLength,
+                    const UChar     *target, int32_t targetLength);
+
+/**
+ * Compare two strings for equality.
+ * This function is equivalent to {@link #ucol_strcoll } == UCOL_EQUAL
+ * @param coll The UCollator containing the comparison rules.
+ * @param source The source string.
+ * @param sourceLength The length of source, or -1 if null-terminated.
+ * @param target The target string.
+ * @param targetLength The length of target, or -1 if null-terminated.
+ * @return true if source is equal to target, false otherwise
+ * @see ucol_strcoll
+ * @see ucol_greater
+ * @see ucol_greaterOrEqual
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UBool U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_equal(const UCollator *coll,
+           const UChar     *source, int32_t sourceLength,
+           const UChar     *target, int32_t targetLength);
+
+/**
+ * Compare two UTF-8 encoded strings.
+ * The strings will be compared using the options already specified.
+ * @param coll The UCollator containing the comparison rules.
+ * @param sIter The source string iterator.
+ * @param tIter The target string iterator.
+ * @return The result of comparing the strings; one of UCOL_EQUAL,
+ * UCOL_GREATER, UCOL_LESS
+ * @param status A pointer to a UErrorCode to receive any errors
+ * @see ucol_strcoll
+ * @stable ICU 2.6
+ */
+U_CAPI UCollationResult U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_strcollIter(  const    UCollator    *coll,
+                  UCharIterator *sIter,
+                  UCharIterator *tIter,
+                  UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Get the collation strength used in a UCollator.
+ * The strength influences how strings are compared.
+ * @param coll The UCollator to query.
+ * @return The collation strength; one of UCOL_PRIMARY, UCOL_SECONDARY,
+ * UCOL_TERTIARY, UCOL_QUATERNARY, UCOL_IDENTICAL
+ * @see ucol_setStrength
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UCollationStrength U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_getStrength(const UCollator *coll);
+
+/**
+ * Set the collation strength used in a UCollator.
+ * The strength influences how strings are compared.
+ * @param coll The UCollator to set.
+ * @param strength The desired collation strength; one of UCOL_PRIMARY, 
+ * UCOL_SECONDARY, UCOL_TERTIARY, UCOL_QUATERNARY, UCOL_IDENTICAL, UCOL_DEFAULT
+ * @see ucol_getStrength
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_setStrength(UCollator *coll,
+                 UCollationStrength strength);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the reordering codes for this collator.
+ * These reordering codes are a combination of UScript codes and UColReorderCode entries.
+ * @param coll The UCollator to query.
+ * @param dest The array to fill with the script ordering.
+ * @param destCapacity The length of dest. If it is 0, then dest may be NULL and the function 
+ * will only return the length of the result without writing any codes (pre-flighting).
+ * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, which must not indicate a 
+ * failure before the function call.
+ * @return The number of reordering codes written to the dest array.
+ * @see ucol_setReorderCodes
+ * @see ucol_getEquivalentReorderCodes
+ * @see UScriptCode
+ * @see UColReorderCode
+ * @stable ICU 4.8
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_getReorderCodes(const UCollator* coll,
+                    int32_t* dest,
+                    int32_t destCapacity,
+                    UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+/** 
+ * Sets the reordering codes for this collator.
+ * Collation reordering allows scripts and some other groups of characters
+ * to be moved relative to each other. This reordering is done on top of
+ * the DUCET/CLDR standard collation order. Reordering can specify groups to be placed 
+ * at the start and/or the end of the collation order. These groups are specified using
+ * UScript codes and UColReorderCode entries.
+ *
+ * <p>By default, reordering codes specified for the start of the order are placed in the 
+ * order given after several special non-script blocks. These special groups of characters
+ * are space, punctuation, symbol, currency, and digit. These special groups are represented with
+ * UColReorderCode entries. Script groups can be intermingled with 
+ * these special non-script groups if those special groups are explicitly specified in the reordering.
+ *
+ * <p>The special code OTHERS stands for any script that is not explicitly 
+ * mentioned in the list of reordering codes given. Anything that is after OTHERS
+ * will go at the very end of the reordering in the order given.
+ *
+ * <p>The special reorder code DEFAULT will reset the reordering for this collator
+ * to the default for this collator. The default reordering may be the DUCET/CLDR order or may be a reordering that
+ * was specified when this collator was created from resource data or from rules. The 
+ * DEFAULT code <b>must</b> be the sole code supplied when it is used.
+ * If not, then U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR will be set.
+ *
+ * <p>The special reorder code NONE will remove any reordering for this collator.
+ * The result of setting no reordering will be to have the DUCET/CLDR ordering used. The 
+ * NONE code <b>must</b> be the sole code supplied when it is used.
+ *
+ * @param coll The UCollator to set.
+ * @param reorderCodes An array of script codes in the new order. This can be NULL if the 
+ * length is also set to 0. An empty array will clear any reordering codes on the collator.
+ * @param reorderCodesLength The length of reorderCodes.
+ * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, which must not indicate a
+ * failure before the function call.
+ * @see ucol_getReorderCodes
+ * @see ucol_getEquivalentReorderCodes
+ * @see UScriptCode
+ * @see UColReorderCode
+ * @stable ICU 4.8
+ */ 
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_setReorderCodes(UCollator* coll,
+                    const int32_t* reorderCodes,
+                    int32_t reorderCodesLength,
+                    UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieves the reorder codes that are grouped with the given reorder code. Some reorder
+ * codes will be grouped and must reorder together.
+ * Beginning with ICU 55, scripts only reorder together if they are primary-equal,
+ * for example Hiragana and Katakana.
+ *
+ * @param reorderCode The reorder code to determine equivalence for.
+ * @param dest The array to fill with the script ordering.
+ * @param destCapacity The length of dest. If it is 0, then dest may be NULL and the function
+ * will only return the length of the result without writing any codes (pre-flighting).
+ * @param pErrorCode Must be a valid pointer to an error code value, which must not indicate 
+ * a failure before the function call.
+ * @return The number of reordering codes written to the dest array.
+ * @see ucol_setReorderCodes
+ * @see ucol_getReorderCodes
+ * @see UScriptCode
+ * @see UColReorderCode
+ * @stable ICU 4.8
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_getEquivalentReorderCodes(int32_t reorderCode,
+                    int32_t* dest,
+                    int32_t destCapacity,
+                    UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+
+/**
+ * Get the display name for a UCollator.
+ * The display name is suitable for presentation to a user.
+ * @param objLoc The locale of the collator in question.
+ * @param dispLoc The locale for display.
+ * @param result A pointer to a buffer to receive the attribute.
+ * @param resultLength The maximum size of result.
+ * @param status A pointer to a UErrorCode to receive any errors
+ * @return The total buffer size needed; if greater than resultLength,
+ * the output was truncated.
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_getDisplayName(    const    char        *objLoc,
+            const    char        *dispLoc,
+            UChar             *result,
+            int32_t         resultLength,
+            UErrorCode        *status);
+
+/**
+ * Get a locale for which collation rules are available.
+ * A UCollator in a locale returned by this function will perform the correct
+ * collation for the locale.
+ * @param localeIndex The index of the desired locale.
+ * @return A locale for which collation rules are available, or 0 if none.
+ * @see ucol_countAvailable
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI const char* U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_getAvailable(int32_t localeIndex);
+
+/**
+ * Determine how many locales have collation rules available.
+ * This function is most useful as determining the loop ending condition for
+ * calls to {@link #ucol_getAvailable }.
+ * @return The number of locales for which collation rules are available.
+ * @see ucol_getAvailable
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_countAvailable(void);
+
+#if !UCONFIG_NO_SERVICE
+/**
+ * Create a string enumerator of all locales for which a valid
+ * collator may be opened.
+ * @param status input-output error code
+ * @return a string enumeration over locale strings. The caller is
+ * responsible for closing the result.
+ * @stable ICU 3.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UEnumeration* U_EXPORT2
+ucol_openAvailableLocales(UErrorCode *status);
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Create a string enumerator of all possible keywords that are relevant to
+ * collation. At this point, the only recognized keyword for this
+ * service is "collation".
+ * @param status input-output error code
+ * @return a string enumeration over locale strings. The caller is
+ * responsible for closing the result.
+ * @stable ICU 3.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UEnumeration* U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getKeywords(UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Given a keyword, create a string enumeration of all values
+ * for that keyword that are currently in use.
+ * @param keyword a particular keyword as enumerated by
+ * ucol_getKeywords. If any other keyword is passed in, *status is set
+ * to U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR.
+ * @param status input-output error code
+ * @return a string enumeration over collation keyword values, or NULL
+ * upon error. The caller is responsible for closing the result.
+ * @stable ICU 3.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UEnumeration* U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getKeywordValues(const char *keyword, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Given a key and a locale, returns an array of string values in a preferred
+ * order that would make a difference. These are all and only those values where
+ * the open (creation) of the service with the locale formed from the input locale
+ * plus input keyword and that value has different behavior than creation with the
+ * input locale alone.
+ * @param key           one of the keys supported by this service.  For now, only
+ *                      "collation" is supported.
+ * @param locale        the locale
+ * @param commonlyUsed  if set to true it will return only commonly used values
+ *                      with the given locale in preferred order.  Otherwise,
+ *                      it will return all the available values for the locale.
+ * @param status error status
+ * @return a string enumeration over keyword values for the given key and the locale.
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI UEnumeration* U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getKeywordValuesForLocale(const char* key,
+                               const char* locale,
+                               UBool commonlyUsed,
+                               UErrorCode* status);
+
+/**
+ * Return the functionally equivalent locale for the specified
+ * input locale, with respect to given keyword, for the
+ * collation service. If two different input locale + keyword
+ * combinations produce the same result locale, then collators
+ * instantiated for these two different input locales will behave
+ * equivalently. The converse is not always true; two collators
+ * may in fact be equivalent, but return different results, due to
+ * internal details. The return result has no other meaning than
+ * that stated above, and implies nothing as to the relationship
+ * between the two locales. This is intended for use by
+ * applications who wish to cache collators, or otherwise reuse
+ * collators when possible. The functional equivalent may change
+ * over time. For more information, please see the <a
+ * href="https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/locale#locales-and-services">
+ * Locales and Services</a> section of the ICU User Guide.
+ * @param result fillin for the functionally equivalent result locale
+ * @param resultCapacity capacity of the fillin buffer
+ * @param keyword a particular keyword as enumerated by
+ * ucol_getKeywords.
+ * @param locale the specified input locale
+ * @param isAvailable if non-NULL, pointer to a fillin parameter that
+ * on return indicates whether the specified input locale was 'available'
+ * to the collation service. A locale is defined as 'available' if it
+ * physically exists within the collation locale data.
+ * @param status pointer to input-output error code
+ * @return the actual buffer size needed for the locale. If greater
+ * than resultCapacity, the returned full name will be truncated and
+ * an error code will be returned.
+ * @stable ICU 3.0
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getFunctionalEquivalent(char* result, int32_t resultCapacity,
+                             const char* keyword, const char* locale,
+                             UBool* isAvailable, UErrorCode* status);
+
+/**
+ * Get the collation tailoring rules from a UCollator.
+ * The rules will follow the rule syntax.
+ * @param coll The UCollator to query.
+ * @param length 
+ * @return The collation tailoring rules.
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI const UChar* U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_getRules(    const    UCollator    *coll, 
+        int32_t            *length);
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+/** Get the short definition string for a collator. This API harvests the collator's
+ *  locale and the attribute set and produces a string that can be used for opening 
+ *  a collator with the same attributes using the ucol_openFromShortString API.
+ *  This string will be normalized.
+ *  The structure and the syntax of the string is defined in the "Naming collators"
+ *  section of the users guide: 
+ *  https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/collation/concepts#collator-naming-scheme
+ *  This API supports preflighting.
+ *  @param coll a collator
+ *  @param locale a locale that will appear as a collators locale in the resulting
+ *                short string definition. If NULL, the locale will be harvested 
+ *                from the collator.
+ *  @param buffer space to hold the resulting string
+ *  @param capacity capacity of the buffer
+ *  @param status for returning errors. All the preflighting errors are featured
+ *  @return length of the resulting string
+ *  @see ucol_openFromShortString
+ *  @see ucol_normalizeShortDefinitionString
+ *  @deprecated ICU 54
+ */
+U_DEPRECATED int32_t U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getShortDefinitionString(const UCollator *coll,
+                              const char *locale,
+                              char *buffer,
+                              int32_t capacity,
+                              UErrorCode *status);
+
+/** Verifies and normalizes short definition string.
+ *  Normalized short definition string has all the option sorted by the argument name,
+ *  so that equivalent definition strings are the same. 
+ *  This API supports preflighting.
+ *  @param source definition string
+ *  @param destination space to hold the resulting string
+ *  @param capacity capacity of the buffer
+ *  @param parseError if not NULL, structure that will get filled with error's pre
+ *                   and post context in case of error.
+ *  @param status     Error code. This API will return an error if an invalid attribute 
+ *                    or attribute/value combination is specified. All the preflighting 
+ *                    errors are also featured
+ *  @return length of the resulting normalized string.
+ *
+ *  @see ucol_openFromShortString
+ *  @see ucol_getShortDefinitionString
+ * 
+ *  @deprecated ICU 54
+ */
+U_DEPRECATED int32_t U_EXPORT2
+ucol_normalizeShortDefinitionString(const char *source,
+                                    char *destination,
+                                    int32_t capacity,
+                                    UParseError *parseError,
+                                    UErrorCode *status);
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+
+
+/**
+ * Get a sort key for a string from a UCollator.
+ * Sort keys may be compared using <TT>strcmp</TT>.
+ *
+ * Note that sort keys are often less efficient than simply doing comparison.  
+ * For more details, see the ICU User Guide.
+ *
+ * Like ICU functions that write to an output buffer, the buffer contents
+ * is undefined if the buffer capacity (resultLength parameter) is too small.
+ * Unlike ICU functions that write a string to an output buffer,
+ * the terminating zero byte is counted in the sort key length.
+ * @param coll The UCollator containing the collation rules.
+ * @param source The string to transform.
+ * @param sourceLength The length of source, or -1 if null-terminated.
+ * @param result A pointer to a buffer to receive the attribute.
+ * @param resultLength The maximum size of result.
+ * @return The size needed to fully store the sort key.
+ *      If there was an internal error generating the sort key,
+ *      a zero value is returned.
+ * @see ucol_keyHashCode
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_getSortKey(const    UCollator    *coll,
+        const    UChar        *source,
+        int32_t        sourceLength,
+        uint8_t        *result,
+        int32_t        resultLength);
+
+
+/** Gets the next count bytes of a sort key. Caller needs
+ *  to preserve state array between calls and to provide
+ *  the same type of UCharIterator set with the same string.
+ *  The destination buffer provided must be big enough to store
+ *  the number of requested bytes.
+ *
+ *  The generated sort key may or may not be compatible with
+ *  sort keys generated using ucol_getSortKey().
+ *  @param coll The UCollator containing the collation rules.
+ *  @param iter UCharIterator containing the string we need 
+ *              the sort key to be calculated for.
+ *  @param state Opaque state of sortkey iteration.
+ *  @param dest Buffer to hold the resulting sortkey part
+ *  @param count number of sort key bytes required.
+ *  @param status error code indicator.
+ *  @return the actual number of bytes of a sortkey. It can be
+ *          smaller than count if we have reached the end of 
+ *          the sort key.
+ *  @stable ICU 2.6
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_nextSortKeyPart(const UCollator *coll,
+                     UCharIterator *iter,
+                     uint32_t state[2],
+                     uint8_t *dest, int32_t count,
+                     UErrorCode *status);
+
+/** enum that is taken by ucol_getBound API 
+ * See below for explanation                
+ * do not change the values assigned to the 
+ * members of this enum. Underlying code    
+ * depends on them having these numbers     
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+typedef enum {
+  /** lower bound */
+  UCOL_BOUND_LOWER = 0,
+  /** upper bound that will match strings of exact size */
+  UCOL_BOUND_UPPER = 1,
+  /** upper bound that will match all the strings that have the same initial substring as the given string */
+  UCOL_BOUND_UPPER_LONG = 2,
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+    /**
+     * One more than the highest normal UColBoundMode value.
+     * @deprecated ICU 58 The numeric value may change over time, see ICU ticket #12420.
+     */
+    UCOL_BOUND_VALUE_COUNT
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+} UColBoundMode;
+
+/**
+ * Produce a bound for a given sortkey and a number of levels.
+ * Return value is always the number of bytes needed, regardless of 
+ * whether the result buffer was big enough or even valid.<br>
+ * Resulting bounds can be used to produce a range of strings that are
+ * between upper and lower bounds. For example, if bounds are produced
+ * for a sortkey of string "smith", strings between upper and lower 
+ * bounds with one level would include "Smith", "SMITH", "sMiTh".<br>
+ * There are two upper bounds that can be produced. If UCOL_BOUND_UPPER
+ * is produced, strings matched would be as above. However, if bound
+ * produced using UCOL_BOUND_UPPER_LONG is used, the above example will
+ * also match "Smithsonian" and similar.<br>
+ * For more on usage, see example in cintltst/capitst.c in procedure
+ * TestBounds.
+ * Sort keys may be compared using <TT>strcmp</TT>.
+ * @param source The source sortkey.
+ * @param sourceLength The length of source, or -1 if null-terminated. 
+ *                     (If an unmodified sortkey is passed, it is always null 
+ *                      terminated).
+ * @param boundType Type of bound required. It can be UCOL_BOUND_LOWER, which 
+ *                  produces a lower inclusive bound, UCOL_BOUND_UPPER, that 
+ *                  produces upper bound that matches strings of the same length 
+ *                  or UCOL_BOUND_UPPER_LONG that matches strings that have the 
+ *                  same starting substring as the source string.
+ * @param noOfLevels  Number of levels required in the resulting bound (for most 
+ *                    uses, the recommended value is 1). See users guide for 
+ *                    explanation on number of levels a sortkey can have.
+ * @param result A pointer to a buffer to receive the resulting sortkey.
+ * @param resultLength The maximum size of result.
+ * @param status Used for returning error code if something went wrong. If the 
+ *               number of levels requested is higher than the number of levels
+ *               in the source key, a warning (U_SORT_KEY_TOO_SHORT_WARNING) is 
+ *               issued.
+ * @return The size needed to fully store the bound. 
+ * @see ucol_keyHashCode
+ * @stable ICU 2.1
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_getBound(const uint8_t       *source,
+        int32_t             sourceLength,
+        UColBoundMode       boundType,
+        uint32_t            noOfLevels,
+        uint8_t             *result,
+        int32_t             resultLength,
+        UErrorCode          *status);
+        
+/**
+ * Gets the version information for a Collator. Version is currently
+ * an opaque 32-bit number which depends, among other things, on major
+ * versions of the collator tailoring and UCA.
+ * @param coll The UCollator to query.
+ * @param info the version # information, the result will be filled in
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getVersion(const UCollator* coll, UVersionInfo info);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the UCA version information for a Collator. Version is the
+ * UCA version number (3.1.1, 4.0).
+ * @param coll The UCollator to query.
+ * @param info the version # information, the result will be filled in
+ * @stable ICU 2.8
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getUCAVersion(const UCollator* coll, UVersionInfo info);
+
+/**
+ * Merges two sort keys. The levels are merged with their corresponding counterparts
+ * (primaries with primaries, secondaries with secondaries etc.). Between the values
+ * from the same level a separator is inserted.
+ *
+ * This is useful, for example, for combining sort keys from first and last names
+ * to sort such pairs.
+ * See http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/#Merging_Sort_Keys
+ *
+ * The recommended way to achieve "merged" sorting is by
+ * concatenating strings with U+FFFE between them.
+ * The concatenation has the same sort order as the merged sort keys,
+ * but merge(getSortKey(str1), getSortKey(str2)) may differ from getSortKey(str1 + '\\uFFFE' + str2).
+ * Using strings with U+FFFE may yield shorter sort keys.
+ *
+ * For details about Sort Key Features see
+ * https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/collation/api#sort-key-features
+ *
+ * It is possible to merge multiple sort keys by consecutively merging
+ * another one with the intermediate result.
+ *
+ * The length of the merge result is the sum of the lengths of the input sort keys.
+ *
+ * Example (uncompressed):
+ * <pre>191B1D 01 050505 01 910505 00
+ * 1F2123 01 050505 01 910505 00</pre>
+ * will be merged as 
+ * <pre>191B1D 02 1F2123 01 050505 02 050505 01 910505 02 910505 00</pre>
+ *
+ * If the destination buffer is not big enough, then its contents are undefined.
+ * If any of source lengths are zero or any of the source pointers are NULL/undefined,
+ * the result is of size zero.
+ *
+ * @param src1 the first sort key
+ * @param src1Length the length of the first sort key, including the zero byte at the end;
+ *        can be -1 if the function is to find the length
+ * @param src2 the second sort key
+ * @param src2Length the length of the second sort key, including the zero byte at the end;
+ *        can be -1 if the function is to find the length
+ * @param dest the buffer where the merged sort key is written,
+ *        can be NULL if destCapacity==0
+ * @param destCapacity the number of bytes in the dest buffer
+ * @return the length of the merged sort key, src1Length+src2Length;
+ *         can be larger than destCapacity, or 0 if an error occurs (only for illegal arguments),
+ *         in which cases the contents of dest is undefined
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_mergeSortkeys(const uint8_t *src1, int32_t src1Length,
+                   const uint8_t *src2, int32_t src2Length,
+                   uint8_t *dest, int32_t destCapacity);
+
+/**
+ * Universal attribute setter
+ * @param coll collator which attributes are to be changed
+ * @param attr attribute type 
+ * @param value attribute value
+ * @param status to indicate whether the operation went on smoothly or there were errors
+ * @see UColAttribute
+ * @see UColAttributeValue
+ * @see ucol_getAttribute
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_setAttribute(UCollator *coll, UColAttribute attr, UColAttributeValue value, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Universal attribute getter
+ * @param coll collator which attributes are to be changed
+ * @param attr attribute type
+ * @return attribute value
+ * @param status to indicate whether the operation went on smoothly or there were errors
+ * @see UColAttribute
+ * @see UColAttributeValue
+ * @see ucol_setAttribute
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI UColAttributeValue  U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_getAttribute(const UCollator *coll, UColAttribute attr, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the variable top to the top of the specified reordering group.
+ * The variable top determines the highest-sorting character
+ * which is affected by UCOL_ALTERNATE_HANDLING.
+ * If that attribute is set to UCOL_NON_IGNORABLE, then the variable top has no effect.
+ * @param coll the collator
+ * @param group one of UCOL_REORDER_CODE_SPACE, UCOL_REORDER_CODE_PUNCTUATION,
+ *              UCOL_REORDER_CODE_SYMBOL, UCOL_REORDER_CODE_CURRENCY;
+ *              or UCOL_REORDER_CODE_DEFAULT to restore the default max variable group
+ * @param pErrorCode Standard ICU error code. Its input value must
+ *                   pass the U_SUCCESS() test, or else the function returns
+ *                   immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() on output or use with
+ *                   function chaining. (See User Guide for details.)
+ * @see ucol_getMaxVariable
+ * @stable ICU 53
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+ucol_setMaxVariable(UCollator *coll, UColReorderCode group, UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the maximum reordering group whose characters are affected by UCOL_ALTERNATE_HANDLING.
+ * @param coll the collator
+ * @return the maximum variable reordering group.
+ * @see ucol_setMaxVariable
+ * @stable ICU 53
+ */
+U_CAPI UColReorderCode U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getMaxVariable(const UCollator *coll);
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+/**
+ * Sets the variable top to the primary weight of the specified string.
+ *
+ * Beginning with ICU 53, the variable top is pinned to
+ * the top of one of the supported reordering groups,
+ * and it must not be beyond the last of those groups.
+ * See ucol_setMaxVariable().
+ * @param coll the collator
+ * @param varTop one or more (if contraction) UChars to which the variable top should be set
+ * @param len length of variable top string. If -1 it is considered to be zero terminated.
+ * @param status error code. If error code is set, the return value is undefined.
+ *               Errors set by this function are:<br>
+ *    U_CE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR if more than one character was passed and there is no such contraction<br>
+ *    U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR if the variable top is beyond
+ *    the last reordering group supported by ucol_setMaxVariable()
+ * @return variable top primary weight
+ * @see ucol_getVariableTop
+ * @see ucol_restoreVariableTop
+ * @deprecated ICU 53 Call ucol_setMaxVariable() instead.
+ */
+U_DEPRECATED uint32_t U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_setVariableTop(UCollator *coll, 
+                    const UChar *varTop, int32_t len, 
+                    UErrorCode *status);
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+
+/** 
+ * Gets the variable top value of a Collator. 
+ * @param coll collator which variable top needs to be retrieved
+ * @param status error code (not changed by function). If error code is set, 
+ *               the return value is undefined.
+ * @return the variable top primary weight
+ * @see ucol_getMaxVariable
+ * @see ucol_setVariableTop
+ * @see ucol_restoreVariableTop
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ */
+U_CAPI uint32_t U_EXPORT2 ucol_getVariableTop(const UCollator *coll, UErrorCode *status);
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+/**
+ * Sets the variable top to the specified primary weight.
+ *
+ * Beginning with ICU 53, the variable top is pinned to
+ * the top of one of the supported reordering groups,
+ * and it must not be beyond the last of those groups.
+ * See ucol_setMaxVariable().
+ * @param coll collator to be set
+ * @param varTop primary weight, as returned by ucol_setVariableTop or ucol_getVariableTop
+ * @param status error code
+ * @see ucol_getVariableTop
+ * @see ucol_setVariableTop
+ * @deprecated ICU 53 Call ucol_setMaxVariable() instead.
+ */
+U_DEPRECATED void U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_restoreVariableTop(UCollator *coll, const uint32_t varTop, UErrorCode *status);
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+
+/**
+ * Thread safe cloning operation. The result is a clone of a given collator.
+ * @param coll collator to be cloned
+ * @param status to indicate whether the operation went on smoothly or there were errors
+ * @return pointer to the new clone
+ * @see ucol_open
+ * @see ucol_openRules
+ * @see ucol_close
+ * @stable ICU 71
+ */
+U_CAPI UCollator* U_EXPORT2 ucol_clone(const UCollator *coll, UErrorCode *status);
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+
+/**
+ * Thread safe cloning operation. The result is a clone of a given collator.
+ * @param coll collator to be cloned
+ * @param stackBuffer <em>Deprecated functionality as of ICU 52, use NULL.</em><br>
+ * user allocated space for the new clone. 
+ * If NULL new memory will be allocated. 
+ *  If buffer is not large enough, new memory will be allocated.
+ *  Clients can use the U_COL_SAFECLONE_BUFFERSIZE.
+ * @param pBufferSize <em>Deprecated functionality as of ICU 52, use NULL or 1.</em><br>
+ *  pointer to size of allocated space. 
+ *  If *pBufferSize == 0, a sufficient size for use in cloning will 
+ *  be returned ('pre-flighting')
+ *  If *pBufferSize is not enough for a stack-based safe clone, 
+ *  new memory will be allocated.
+ * @param status to indicate whether the operation went on smoothly or there were errors
+ *    An informational status value, U_SAFECLONE_ALLOCATED_ERROR, is used
+ * if pBufferSize != NULL and any allocations were necessary
+ * @return pointer to the new clone
+ * @see ucol_open
+ * @see ucol_openRules
+ * @see ucol_close
+ * @deprecated ICU 71 Use ucol_clone() instead.
+ */
+U_DEPRECATED UCollator* U_EXPORT2
+ucol_safeClone(const UCollator *coll,
+               void            *stackBuffer,
+               int32_t         *pBufferSize,
+               UErrorCode      *status);
+
+
+/** default memory size for the new clone.
+ * @deprecated ICU 52. Do not rely on ucol_safeClone() cloning into any provided buffer.
+ */
+#define U_COL_SAFECLONE_BUFFERSIZE 1
+
+#endif /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+
+/**
+ * Returns current rules. Delta defines whether full rules are returned or just the tailoring. 
+ * Returns number of UChars needed to store rules. If buffer is NULL or bufferLen is not enough 
+ * to store rules, will store up to available space.
+ *
+ * ucol_getRules() should normally be used instead.
+ * See https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/collation/customization#building-on-existing-locales
+ * @param coll collator to get the rules from
+ * @param delta one of UCOL_TAILORING_ONLY, UCOL_FULL_RULES. 
+ * @param buffer buffer to store the result in. If NULL, you'll get no rules.
+ * @param bufferLen length of buffer to store rules in. If less than needed you'll get only the part that fits in.
+ * @return current rules
+ * @stable ICU 2.0
+ * @see UCOL_FULL_RULES
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 
+ucol_getRulesEx(const UCollator *coll, UColRuleOption delta, UChar *buffer, int32_t bufferLen);
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+/**
+ * gets the locale name of the collator. If the collator
+ * is instantiated from the rules, then this function returns
+ * NULL.
+ * @param coll The UCollator for which the locale is needed
+ * @param type You can choose between requested, valid and actual
+ *             locale. For description see the definition of
+ *             ULocDataLocaleType in uloc.h
+ * @param status error code of the operation
+ * @return real locale name from which the collation data comes. 
+ *         If the collator was instantiated from rules, returns
+ *         NULL.
+ * @deprecated ICU 2.8 Use ucol_getLocaleByType instead
+ */
+U_DEPRECATED const char * U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getLocale(const UCollator *coll, ULocDataLocaleType type, UErrorCode *status);
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+
+/**
+ * gets the locale name of the collator. If the collator
+ * is instantiated from the rules, then this function returns
+ * NULL.
+ * @param coll The UCollator for which the locale is needed
+ * @param type You can choose between requested, valid and actual
+ *             locale. For description see the definition of
+ *             ULocDataLocaleType in uloc.h
+ * @param status error code of the operation
+ * @return real locale name from which the collation data comes. 
+ *         If the collator was instantiated from rules, returns
+ *         NULL.
+ * @stable ICU 2.8
+ */
+U_CAPI const char * U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getLocaleByType(const UCollator *coll, ULocDataLocaleType type, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Get a Unicode set that contains all the characters and sequences tailored in 
+ * this collator. The result must be disposed of by using uset_close.
+ * @param coll        The UCollator for which we want to get tailored chars
+ * @param status      error code of the operation
+ * @return a pointer to newly created USet. Must be be disposed by using uset_close
+ * @see ucol_openRules
+ * @see uset_close
+ * @stable ICU 2.4
+ */
+U_CAPI USet * U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getTailoredSet(const UCollator *coll, UErrorCode *status);
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API
+/** Calculates the set of unsafe code points, given a collator.
+ *   A character is unsafe if you could append any character and cause the ordering to alter significantly.
+ *   Collation sorts in normalized order, so anything that rearranges in normalization can cause this.
+ *   Thus if you have a character like a_umlaut, and you add a lower_dot to it,
+ *   then it normalizes to a_lower_dot + umlaut, and sorts differently.
+ *  @param coll Collator
+ *  @param unsafe a fill-in set to receive the unsafe points
+ *  @param status for catching errors
+ *  @return number of elements in the set
+ *  @internal ICU 3.0
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+ucol_getUnsafeSet( const UCollator *coll,
+                  USet *unsafe,
+                  UErrorCode *status);
+
+/** Touches all resources needed for instantiating a collator from a short string definition,
+ *  thus filling up the cache.
+ * @param definition A short string containing a locale and a set of attributes. 
+ *                   Attributes not explicitly mentioned are left at the default
+ *                   state for a locale.
+ * @param parseError if not NULL, structure that will get filled with error's pre
+ *                   and post context in case of error.
+ * @param forceDefaults if false, the settings that are the same as the collator 
+ *                   default settings will not be applied (for example, setting
+ *                   French secondary on a French collator would not be executed). 
+ *                   If true, all the settings will be applied regardless of the 
+ *                   collator default value. If the definition
+ *                   strings are to be cached, should be set to false.
+ * @param status     Error code. Apart from regular error conditions connected to 
+ *                   instantiating collators (like out of memory or similar), this
+ *                   API will return an error if an invalid attribute or attribute/value
+ *                   combination is specified.
+ * @see ucol_openFromShortString
+ * @internal ICU 3.2.1
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+ucol_prepareShortStringOpen( const char *definition,
+                          UBool forceDefaults,
+                          UParseError *parseError,
+                          UErrorCode *status);
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */
+
+/** Creates a binary image of a collator. This binary image can be stored and 
+ *  later used to instantiate a collator using ucol_openBinary.
+ *  This API supports preflighting.
+ *  @param coll Collator
+ *  @param buffer a fill-in buffer to receive the binary image
+ *  @param capacity capacity of the destination buffer
+ *  @param status for catching errors
+ *  @return size of the image
+ *  @see ucol_openBinary
+ *  @stable ICU 3.2
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+ucol_cloneBinary(const UCollator *coll,
+                 uint8_t *buffer, int32_t capacity,
+                 UErrorCode *status);
+
+/** Opens a collator from a collator binary image created using
+ *  ucol_cloneBinary. Binary image used in instantiation of the 
+ *  collator remains owned by the user and should stay around for 
+ *  the lifetime of the collator. The API also takes a base collator
+ *  which must be the root collator.
+ *  @param bin binary image owned by the user and required through the
+ *             lifetime of the collator
+ *  @param length size of the image. If negative, the API will try to
+ *                figure out the length of the image
+ *  @param base Base collator, for lookup of untailored characters.
+ *              Must be the root collator, must not be NULL.
+ *              The base is required to be present through the lifetime of the collator.
+ *  @param status for catching errors
+ *  @return newly created collator
+ *  @see ucol_cloneBinary
+ *  @stable ICU 3.2
+ */
+U_CAPI UCollator* U_EXPORT2
+ucol_openBinary(const uint8_t *bin, int32_t length, 
+                const UCollator *base, 
+                UErrorCode *status);
+
+#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API || U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_HEADER_API
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <_foundation_unicode/char16ptr.h>
+#include <_foundation_unicode/stringpiece.h>
+#include <_foundation_unicode/unistr.h>
+
+namespace U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE {
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DRAFT_API
+
+namespace collator {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+/**
+ * Function object for performing comparisons using a UCollator.
+ * @internal
+ */
+template <template <typename...> typename Compare, UCollationResult result>
+class Predicate {
+  public:
+    /** @internal */
+    explicit Predicate(const UCollator* ucol) : collator(ucol) {}
+
+    /** @internal */
+    template <
+        typename T, typename U,
+        typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<T> && ConvertibleToU16StringView<U>>>
+    bool operator()(const T& lhs, const U& rhs) const {
+        return match(UnicodeString::readOnlyAlias(lhs), UnicodeString::readOnlyAlias(rhs));
+    }
+
+    /** @internal */
+    bool operator()(std::string_view lhs, std::string_view rhs) const {
+        return match(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+
+#if defined(__cpp_char8_t)
+    /** @internal */
+    bool operator()(std::u8string_view lhs, std::u8string_view rhs) const {
+        return match(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+#endif
+
+  private:
+    bool match(UnicodeString lhs, UnicodeString rhs) const {
+        return compare(
+            ucol_strcoll(
+                collator,
+                toUCharPtr(lhs.getBuffer()), lhs.length(),
+                toUCharPtr(rhs.getBuffer()), rhs.length()),
+            result);
+    }
+
+    bool match(StringPiece lhs, StringPiece rhs) const {
+        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+        return compare(
+            ucol_strcollUTF8(
+                collator,
+                lhs.data(), lhs.length(),
+                rhs.data(), rhs.length(),
+                &status),
+            result);
+    }
+
+    const UCollator* const collator;
+    static constexpr Compare<UCollationResult> compare{};
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+/**
+ * Function object for performing comparisons using this collator.
+ * Like <code>std::equal_to</code> but uses the collator instead of <code>operator==</code>.
+ * @draft ICU 76
+ */
+using equal_to = internal::Predicate<std::equal_to, UCOL_EQUAL>;
+
+/**
+ * Function object for performing comparisons using this collator.
+ * Like <code>std::greater</code> but uses the collator instead of <code>operator&gt;</code>.
+ * @draft ICU 76
+ */
+using greater = internal::Predicate<std::equal_to, UCOL_GREATER>;
+
+/**
+ * Function object for performing comparisons using this collator.
+ * Like <code>std::less</code> but uses the collator instead of <code>operator&lt;</code>.
+ * @draft ICU 76
+ */
+using less = internal::Predicate<std::equal_to, UCOL_LESS>;
+
+/**
+ * Function object for performing comparisons using this collator.
+ * Like <code>std::not_equal_to</code> but uses the collator instead of <code>operator!=</code>.
+ * @draft ICU 76
+ */
+using not_equal_to = internal::Predicate<std::not_equal_to, UCOL_EQUAL>;
+
+/**
+ * Function object for performing comparisons using this collator.
+ * Like <code>std::greater_equal</code> but uses the collator instead of <code>operator&gt;=</code>.
+ * @draft ICU 76
+ */
+using greater_equal = internal::Predicate<std::not_equal_to, UCOL_LESS>;
+
+/**
+ * Function object for performing comparisons using this collator.
+ * Like <code>std::less_equal</code> but uses the collator instead of <code>operator&lt;=</code>.
+ * @draft ICU 76
+ */
+using less_equal = internal::Predicate<std::not_equal_to, UCOL_GREATER>;
+
+}  // namespace collator
+
+#endif  // U_HIDE_DRAFT_API
+
+}  // namespace U_HEADER_ONLY_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API || U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_HEADER_API
+
+#endif /* #if !UCONFIG_NO_COLLATION */
+
+#endif