@swiftbrowser/wasm-sdk-cxx 0.0.0-stage → 0.9.1

package/wasm32-unknown-wasip1/WASI.sdk/include/c++/v1/__format/buffer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
+// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
+// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP___FORMAT_BUFFER_H
+#define _LIBCPP___FORMAT_BUFFER_H
+
+#include <__algorithm/copy_n.h>
+#include <__algorithm/fill_n.h>
+#include <__algorithm/max.h>
+#include <__algorithm/min.h>
+#include <__algorithm/ranges_copy.h>
+#include <__algorithm/transform.h>
+#include <__algorithm/unwrap_iter.h>
+#include <__concepts/same_as.h>
+#include <__config>
+#include <__format/concepts.h>
+#include <__format/enable_insertable.h>
+#include <__format/format_to_n_result.h>
+#include <__iterator/back_insert_iterator.h>
+#include <__iterator/concepts.h>
+#include <__iterator/incrementable_traits.h>
+#include <__iterator/iterator_traits.h>
+#include <__iterator/wrap_iter.h>
+#include <__memory/addressof.h>
+#include <__memory/allocate_at_least.h>
+#include <__memory/allocator.h>
+#include <__memory/allocator_traits.h>
+#include <__memory/construct_at.h>
+#include <__memory/destroy.h>
+#include <__memory/uninitialized_algorithms.h>
+#include <__type_traits/add_pointer.h>
+#include <__type_traits/conditional.h>
+#include <__utility/exception_guard.h>
+#include <__utility/move.h>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#  pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
+#include <__undef_macros>
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
+
+namespace __format {
+
+// A helper to limit the total size of code units written.
+class _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __max_output_size {
+public:
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __max_output_size(size_t __max_size) : __max_size_{__max_size} {}
+
+  // This function adjusts the size of a (bulk) write operations. It ensures the
+  // number of code units written by a __output_buffer never exceeds
+  // __max_size_ code units.
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI size_t __write_request(size_t __code_units) {
+    size_t __result =
+        __code_units_written_ < __max_size_ ? std::min(__code_units, __max_size_ - __code_units_written_) : 0;
+    __code_units_written_ += __code_units;
+    return __result;
+  }
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI size_t __code_units_written() const noexcept { return __code_units_written_; }
+
+private:
+  size_t __max_size_;
+  // The code units that would have been written if there was no limit.
+  // format_to_n returns this value.
+  size_t __code_units_written_{0};
+};
+
+/// A "buffer" that handles writing to the proper iterator.
+///
+/// This helper is used together with the @ref back_insert_iterator to offer
+/// type-erasure for the formatting functions. This reduces the number to
+/// template instantiations.
+///
+/// The design is the following:
+/// - There is an external object that connects the buffer to the output.
+/// - This buffer object:
+///   - inherits publicly from this class.
+///   - has a static or dynamic buffer.
+///   - has a static member function to make space in its buffer write
+///     operations. This can be done by increasing the size of the internal
+///     buffer or by writing the contents of the buffer to the output iterator.
+///
+///     This member function is a constructor argument, so its name is not
+///     fixed. The code uses the name __prepare_write.
+/// - The number of output code units can be limited by a __max_output_size
+///   object. This is used in format_to_n This object:
+///   - Contains the maximum number of code units to be written.
+///   - Contains the number of code units that are requested to be written.
+///     This number is returned to the user of format_to_n.
+///   - The write functions call the object's __request_write member function.
+///     This function:
+///     - Updates the number of code units that are requested to be written.
+///     - Returns the number of code units that can be written without
+///       exceeding the maximum number of code units to be written.
+///
+/// Documentation for the buffer usage members:
+/// - __ptr_
+///   The start of the buffer.
+/// - __capacity_
+///   The number of code units that can be written. This means
+///   [__ptr_, __ptr_ + __capacity_) is a valid range to write to.
+/// - __size_
+///   The number of code units written in the buffer. The next code unit will
+///   be written at __ptr_ + __size_. This __size_ may NOT contain the total
+///   number of code units written by the __output_buffer. Whether or not it
+///   does depends on the sub-class used. Typically the total number of code
+///   units written is not interesting. It is interesting for format_to_n which
+///   has its own way to track this number.
+///
+/// Documentation for the modifying buffer operations:
+/// The subclasses have a function with the following signature:
+///
+///   static void __prepare_write(
+///     __output_buffer<_CharT>& __buffer, size_t __code_units);
+///
+/// This function is called when a write function writes more code units than
+/// the buffer's available space. When an __max_output_size object is provided
+/// the number of code units is the number of code units returned from
+/// __max_output_size::__request_write function.
+///
+/// - The __buffer contains *this. Since the class containing this function
+///   inherits from __output_buffer it's safe to cast it to the subclass being
+///   used.
+/// - The __code_units is the number of code units the caller will write + 1.
+///   - This value does not take the available space of the buffer into account.
+///   - The push_back function is more efficient when writing before resizing,
+///     this means the buffer should always have room for one code unit. Hence
+///     the + 1 is the size.
+/// - When the function returns there is room for at least one additional code
+///   unit. There is no requirement there is room for __code_units code units:
+///   - The class has some "bulk" operations. For example, __copy which copies
+///     the contents of a basic_string_view to the output. If the sub-class has
+///     a fixed size buffer the size of the basic_string_view may be larger
+///     than the buffer. In that case it's impossible to honor the requested
+///     size.
+///   - When the buffer has room for at least one code unit the function may be
+///     a no-op.
+/// - When the function makes space for more code units it uses one for these
+///   functions to signal the change:
+///   - __buffer_flushed()
+///     - This function is typically used for a fixed sized buffer.
+///     - The current contents of [__ptr_, __ptr_ + __size_) have been
+///       processed.
+///     - __ptr_ remains unchanged.
+///     - __capacity_ remains unchanged.
+///     - __size_ will be set to 0.
+///   - __buffer_moved(_CharT* __ptr, size_t __capacity)
+///     - This function is typically used for a dynamic sized buffer. There the
+///       location of the buffer changes due to reallocations.
+///     - __ptr_ will be set to __ptr. (This value may be the old value of
+///       __ptr_).
+///     - __capacity_ will be set to __capacity. (This value may be the old
+///       value of __capacity_).
+///     - __size_ remains unchanged,
+///     - The range [__ptr, __ptr + __size_) contains the original data of the
+///       range [__ptr_, __ptr_ + __size_).
+///
+/// The push_back function expects a valid buffer and a capacity of at least 1.
+/// This means:
+/// - The class is constructed with a valid buffer,
+/// - __buffer_moved is called with a valid buffer is used before the first
+///   write operation,
+/// - no write function is ever called, or
+/// - the class is constructed with a __max_output_size object with __max_size 0.
+///
+/// The latter option allows formatted_size to use the output buffer without
+/// ever writing anything to the buffer.
+template <__fmt_char_type _CharT>
+class __output_buffer {
+public:
+  using value_type _LIBCPP_NODEBUG           = _CharT;
+  using __prepare_write_type _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = void (*)(__output_buffer<_CharT>&, size_t);
+
+  [[nodiscard]]
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __output_buffer(_CharT* __ptr, size_t __capacity, __prepare_write_type __function)
+      : __output_buffer{__ptr, __capacity, __function, nullptr} {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __output_buffer(
+      _CharT* __ptr, size_t __capacity, __prepare_write_type __function, __max_output_size* __max_output_size)
+      : __ptr_(__ptr), __capacity_(__capacity), __prepare_write_(__function), __max_output_size_(__max_output_size) {}
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __buffer_flushed() { __size_ = 0; }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __buffer_moved(_CharT* __ptr, size_t __capacity) {
+    __ptr_      = __ptr;
+    __capacity_ = __capacity;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto __make_output_iterator() { return std::back_insert_iterator{*this}; }
+
+  // Used in std::back_insert_iterator.
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void push_back(_CharT __c) {
+    if (__max_output_size_ && __max_output_size_->__write_request(1) == 0)
+      return;
+
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(
+        __ptr_ && __size_ < __capacity_ && __available() >= 1, "attempted to write outside the buffer");
+
+    __ptr_[__size_++] = __c;
+
+    // Profiling showed flushing after adding is more efficient than flushing
+    // when entering the function.
+    if (__size_ == __capacity_)
+      __prepare_write(0);
+  }
+
+  /// Copies the input __str to the buffer.
+  ///
+  /// Since some of the input is generated by std::to_chars, there needs to be a
+  /// conversion when _CharT is wchar_t.
+  template <__fmt_char_type _InCharT>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __copy(basic_string_view<_InCharT> __str) {
+    // When the underlying iterator is a simple iterator the __capacity_ is
+    // infinite. For a string or container back_inserter it isn't. This means
+    // that adding a large string to the buffer can cause some overhead. In that
+    // case a better approach could be:
+    // - flush the buffer
+    // - container.append(__str.begin(), __str.end());
+    // The same holds true for the fill.
+    // For transform it might be slightly harder, however the use case for
+    // transform is slightly less common; it converts hexadecimal values to
+    // upper case. For integral these strings are short.
+    // TODO FMT Look at the improvements above.
+    size_t __n = __str.size();
+    if (__max_output_size_) {
+      __n = __max_output_size_->__write_request(__n);
+      if (__n == 0)
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const _InCharT* __first = __str.data();
+    do {
+      __prepare_write(__n);
+      size_t __chunk = std::min(__n, __available());
+      std::copy_n(__first, __chunk, std::addressof(__ptr_[__size_]));
+      __size_ += __chunk;
+      __first += __chunk;
+      __n -= __chunk;
+    } while (__n);
+  }
+
+  /// A std::transform wrapper.
+  ///
+  /// Like @ref __copy it may need to do type conversion.
+  template <contiguous_iterator _Iterator,
+            class _UnaryOperation,
+            __fmt_char_type _InCharT = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::value_type>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __transform(_Iterator __first, _Iterator __last, _UnaryOperation __operation) {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(__first <= __last, "not a valid range");
+
+    size_t __n = static_cast<size_t>(__last - __first);
+    if (__max_output_size_) {
+      __n = __max_output_size_->__write_request(__n);
+      if (__n == 0)
+        return;
+    }
+
+    do {
+      __prepare_write(__n);
+      size_t __chunk = std::min(__n, __available());
+      std::transform(__first, __first + __chunk, std::addressof(__ptr_[__size_]), __operation);
+      __size_ += __chunk;
+      __first += __chunk;
+      __n -= __chunk;
+    } while (__n);
+  }
+
+  /// A \c fill_n wrapper.
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __fill(size_t __n, _CharT __value) {
+    if (__max_output_size_) {
+      __n = __max_output_size_->__write_request(__n);
+      if (__n == 0)
+        return;
+    }
+
+    do {
+      __prepare_write(__n);
+      size_t __chunk = std::min(__n, __available());
+      std::fill_n(std::addressof(__ptr_[__size_]), __chunk, __value);
+      __size_ += __chunk;
+      __n -= __chunk;
+    } while (__n);
+  }
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI size_t __capacity() const { return __capacity_; }
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI size_t __size() const { return __size_; }
+
+private:
+  _CharT* __ptr_;
+  size_t __capacity_;
+  size_t __size_{0};
+  void (*__prepare_write_)(__output_buffer<_CharT>&, size_t);
+  __max_output_size* __max_output_size_;
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI size_t __available() const { return __capacity_ - __size_; }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __prepare_write(size_t __code_units) {
+    // Always have space for one additional code unit. This is a precondition of the push_back function.
+    __code_units += 1;
+    if (__available() < __code_units)
+      __prepare_write_(*this, __code_units + 1);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class _OutIt, class _CharT>
+concept __enable_direct_output =
+    __fmt_char_type<_CharT> &&
+    (same_as<_OutIt, _CharT*>
+     // TODO(hardening): the following check might not apply to hardened iterators and might need to be wrapped in an
+     // `#ifdef`.
+     || same_as<_OutIt, __wrap_iter<_CharT*>>);
+
+/// Concept to see whether a \a _Container is insertable.
+///
+/// The concept is used to validate whether multiple calls to a
+/// \ref back_insert_iterator can be replace by a call to \c _Container::insert.
+///
+/// \note a \a _Container needs to opt-in to the concept by specializing
+/// \ref __enable_insertable.
+template <class _Container>
+concept __insertable =
+    __enable_insertable<_Container> && __fmt_char_type<typename _Container::value_type> &&
+    requires(_Container& __t,
+             add_pointer_t<typename _Container::value_type> __first,
+             add_pointer_t<typename _Container::value_type> __last) { __t.insert(__t.end(), __first, __last); };
+
+/// Extract the container type of a \ref back_insert_iterator.
+template <class _It>
+struct __back_insert_iterator_container {
+  using type _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = void;
+};
+
+template <__insertable _Container>
+struct __back_insert_iterator_container<back_insert_iterator<_Container>> {
+  using type _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = _Container;
+};
+
+// A dynamically growing buffer.
+template <__fmt_char_type _CharT>
+class __allocating_buffer : public __output_buffer<_CharT> {
+public:
+  __allocating_buffer(const __allocating_buffer&)            = delete;
+  __allocating_buffer& operator=(const __allocating_buffer&) = delete;
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __allocating_buffer() : __allocating_buffer{nullptr} {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]]
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __allocating_buffer(__max_output_size* __max_output_size)
+      : __output_buffer<_CharT>{__small_buffer_, __buffer_size_, __prepare_write, __max_output_size} {}
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI ~__allocating_buffer() {
+    if (__ptr_ != __small_buffer_)
+      _Alloc{}.deallocate(__ptr_, this->__capacity());
+  }
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI basic_string_view<_CharT> __view() { return {__ptr_, this->__size()}; }
+
+private:
+  using _Alloc _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = allocator<_CharT>;
+
+  // Since allocating is expensive the class has a small internal buffer. When
+  // its capacity is exceeded a dynamic buffer will be allocated.
+  static constexpr size_t __buffer_size_ = 256;
+  _CharT __small_buffer_[__buffer_size_];
+
+  _CharT* __ptr_{__small_buffer_};
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __grow_buffer(size_t __capacity) {
+    if (__capacity < __buffer_size_)
+      return;
+
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(__capacity > this->__capacity(), "the buffer must grow");
+
+    // _CharT is an implicit lifetime type so can be used without explicit
+    // construction or destruction.
+    _Alloc __alloc;
+    auto __result = std::__allocate_at_least(__alloc, __capacity);
+    std::copy_n(__ptr_, this->__size(), __result.ptr);
+    if (__ptr_ != __small_buffer_)
+      __alloc.deallocate(__ptr_, this->__capacity());
+
+    __ptr_ = __result.ptr;
+    this->__buffer_moved(__ptr_, __result.count);
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __prepare_write(size_t __size_hint) {
+    __grow_buffer(std::max<size_t>(this->__capacity() + __size_hint, this->__capacity() * 1.6));
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI static void __prepare_write(__output_buffer<_CharT>& __buffer, size_t __size_hint) {
+    static_cast<__allocating_buffer<_CharT>&>(__buffer).__prepare_write(__size_hint);
+  }
+};
+
+// A buffer that directly writes to the underlying buffer.
+template <class _OutIt, __fmt_char_type _CharT>
+class __direct_iterator_buffer : public __output_buffer<_CharT> {
+public:
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __direct_iterator_buffer(_OutIt __out_it)
+      : __direct_iterator_buffer{__out_it, nullptr} {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]]
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __direct_iterator_buffer(_OutIt __out_it, __max_output_size* __max_output_size)
+      : __output_buffer<_CharT>{std::__unwrap_iter(__out_it), __buffer_size, __prepare_write, __max_output_size},
+        __out_it_(__out_it) {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _OutIt __out_it() && { return __out_it_ + this->__size(); }
+
+private:
+  // The function format_to expects a buffer large enough for the output. The
+  // function format_to_n has its own helper class that restricts the number of
+  // write options. So this function class can pretend to have an infinite
+  // buffer.
+  static constexpr size_t __buffer_size = -1;
+
+  _OutIt __out_it_;
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI static void
+  __prepare_write([[maybe_unused]] __output_buffer<_CharT>& __buffer, [[maybe_unused]] size_t __size_hint) {
+    std::__throw_length_error("__direct_iterator_buffer");
+  }
+};
+
+// A buffer that writes its output to the end of a container.
+template <class _OutIt, __fmt_char_type _CharT>
+class __container_inserter_buffer : public __output_buffer<_CharT> {
+public:
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __container_inserter_buffer(_OutIt __out_it)
+      : __container_inserter_buffer{__out_it, nullptr} {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]]
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __container_inserter_buffer(_OutIt __out_it, __max_output_size* __max_output_size)
+      : __output_buffer<_CharT>{__small_buffer_, __buffer_size, __prepare_write, __max_output_size},
+        __container_{__out_it.__get_container()} {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto __out_it() && {
+    __container_->insert(__container_->end(), __small_buffer_, __small_buffer_ + this->__size());
+    return std::back_inserter(*__container_);
+  }
+
+private:
+  typename __back_insert_iterator_container<_OutIt>::type* __container_;
+
+  // This class uses a fixed size buffer and appends the elements in
+  // __buffer_size chunks. An alternative would be to use an allocating buffer
+  // and append the output in a single write operation. Benchmarking showed no
+  // performance difference.
+  static constexpr size_t __buffer_size = 256;
+  _CharT __small_buffer_[__buffer_size];
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __prepare_write() {
+    __container_->insert(__container_->end(), __small_buffer_, __small_buffer_ + this->__size());
+    this->__buffer_flushed();
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI static void
+  __prepare_write(__output_buffer<_CharT>& __buffer, [[maybe_unused]] size_t __size_hint) {
+    static_cast<__container_inserter_buffer<_OutIt, _CharT>&>(__buffer).__prepare_write();
+  }
+};
+
+// A buffer that writes to an iterator.
+//
+// Unlike the __container_inserter_buffer this class' performance does benefit
+// from allocating and then inserting.
+template <class _OutIt, __fmt_char_type _CharT>
+class __iterator_buffer : public __allocating_buffer<_CharT> {
+public:
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __iterator_buffer(_OutIt __out_it)
+      : __allocating_buffer<_CharT>{}, __out_it_{std::move(__out_it)} {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __iterator_buffer(_OutIt __out_it, __max_output_size* __max_output_size)
+      : __allocating_buffer<_CharT>{__max_output_size}, __out_it_{std::move(__out_it)} {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto __out_it() && {
+    return std::ranges::copy(this->__view(), std::move(__out_it_)).out;
+  }
+
+private:
+  _OutIt __out_it_;
+};
+
+// Selects the type of the buffer used for the output iterator.
+template <class _OutIt, __fmt_char_type _CharT>
+class __buffer_selector {
+  using _Container _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = __back_insert_iterator_container<_OutIt>::type;
+
+public:
+  using type _LIBCPP_NODEBUG =
+      conditional_t<!same_as<_Container, void>,
+                    __container_inserter_buffer<_OutIt, _CharT>,
+                    conditional_t<__enable_direct_output<_OutIt, _CharT>,
+                                  __direct_iterator_buffer<_OutIt, _CharT>,
+                                  __iterator_buffer<_OutIt, _CharT>>>;
+};
+
+// A buffer that counts and limits the number of insertions.
+template <class _OutIt, __fmt_char_type _CharT>
+class __format_to_n_buffer : private __buffer_selector<_OutIt, _CharT>::type {
+public:
+  using _Base _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = __buffer_selector<_OutIt, _CharT>::type;
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __format_to_n_buffer(_OutIt __out_it, iter_difference_t<_OutIt> __n)
+      : _Base{std::move(__out_it), std::addressof(__max_output_size_)},
+        __max_output_size_{__n < 0 ? size_t{0} : static_cast<size_t>(__n)} {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto __make_output_iterator() { return _Base::__make_output_iterator(); }
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI format_to_n_result<_OutIt> __result() && {
+    return {static_cast<_Base&&>(*this).__out_it(),
+            static_cast<iter_difference_t<_OutIt>>(__max_output_size_.__code_units_written())};
+  }
+
+private:
+  __max_output_size __max_output_size_;
+};
+
+// A buffer that counts the number of insertions.
+//
+// Since formatted_size only needs to know the size, the output itself is
+// discarded.
+template <__fmt_char_type _CharT>
+class __formatted_size_buffer : private __output_buffer<_CharT> {
+public:
+  using _Base _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = __output_buffer<_CharT>;
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __formatted_size_buffer()
+      : _Base{nullptr, 0, __prepare_write, std::addressof(__max_output_size_)} {}
+
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI auto __make_output_iterator() { return _Base::__make_output_iterator(); }
+
+  // This function does not need to be r-value qualified, however this is
+  // consistent with similar objects.
+  [[nodiscard]] _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI size_t __result() && { return __max_output_size_.__code_units_written(); }
+
+private:
+  __max_output_size __max_output_size_{0};
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI static void
+  __prepare_write([[maybe_unused]] __output_buffer<_CharT>& __buffer, [[maybe_unused]] size_t __size_hint) {
+    // Note this function does not satisfy the requirement of giving a 1 code unit buffer.
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(
+        false, "Since __max_output_size_.__max_size_ == 0 there should never be call to this function.");
+  }
+};
+
+// A dynamically growing buffer intended to be used for retargeting a context.
+//
+// P2286 Formatting ranges adds range formatting support. It allows the user to
+// specify the minimum width for the entire formatted range.  The width of the
+// range is not known until the range is formatted. Formatting is done to an
+// output_iterator so there's no guarantee it would be possible to add the fill
+// to the front of the output. Instead the range is formatted to a temporary
+// buffer and that buffer is formatted as a string.
+//
+// There is an issue with that approach, the format context used in
+// std::formatter<T>::format contains the output iterator used as part of its
+// type. So using this output iterator means there needs to be a new format
+// context and the format arguments need to be retargeted to the new context.
+// This retargeting is done by a basic_format_context specialized for the
+// __iterator of this container.
+//
+// This class uses its own buffer management, since using vector
+// would lead to a circular include with formatter for vector<bool>.
+template <__fmt_char_type _CharT>
+class __retarget_buffer {
+  using _Alloc _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = allocator<_CharT>;
+
+public:
+  using value_type _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = _CharT;
+
+  struct __iterator {
+    using difference_type _LIBCPP_NODEBUG = ptrdiff_t;
+    using value_type _LIBCPP_NODEBUG      = _CharT;
+
+    _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr explicit __iterator(__retarget_buffer& __buffer)
+        : __buffer_(std::addressof(__buffer)) {}
+    _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __iterator& operator=(const _CharT& __c) {
+      __buffer_->push_back(__c);
+      return *this;
+    }
+    _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __iterator& operator=(_CharT&& __c) {
+      __buffer_->push_back(__c);
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __iterator& operator*() { return *this; }
+    _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __iterator& operator++() { return *this; }
+    _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr __iterator operator++(int) { return *this; }
+    __retarget_buffer* __buffer_;
+  };
+
+  __retarget_buffer(const __retarget_buffer&)            = delete;
+  __retarget_buffer& operator=(const __retarget_buffer&) = delete;
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI explicit __retarget_buffer(size_t __size_hint) {
+    // When the initial size is very small a lot of resizes happen
+    // when elements added. So use a hard-coded minimum size.
+    //
+    // Note a size < 2 will not work
+    // - 0 there is no buffer, while push_back requires 1 empty element.
+    // - 1 multiplied by the grow factor is 1 and thus the buffer never
+    //   grows.
+    auto __result = std::__allocate_at_least(__alloc_, std::max(__size_hint, 256 / sizeof(_CharT)));
+    __ptr_        = __result.ptr;
+    __capacity_   = __result.count;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI ~__retarget_buffer() {
+    std::destroy_n(__ptr_, __size_);
+    allocator_traits<_Alloc>::deallocate(__alloc_, __ptr_, __capacity_);
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI __iterator __make_output_iterator() { return __iterator{*this}; }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void push_back(_CharT __c) {
+    std::construct_at(__ptr_ + __size_, __c);
+    ++__size_;
+
+    if (__size_ == __capacity_)
+      __grow_buffer();
+  }
+
+  template <__fmt_char_type _InCharT>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __copy(basic_string_view<_InCharT> __str) {
+    size_t __n = __str.size();
+    if (__size_ + __n >= __capacity_)
+      // Push_back requires the buffer to have room for at least one character.
+      __grow_buffer(__size_ + __n + 1);
+
+    std::uninitialized_copy_n(__str.data(), __n, __ptr_ + __size_);
+    __size_ += __n;
+  }
+
+  template <contiguous_iterator _Iterator,
+            class _UnaryOperation,
+            __fmt_char_type _InCharT = typename iterator_traits<_Iterator>::value_type>
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __transform(_Iterator __first, _Iterator __last, _UnaryOperation __operation) {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(__first <= __last, "not a valid range");
+
+    size_t __n = static_cast<size_t>(__last - __first);
+    if (__size_ + __n >= __capacity_)
+      // Push_back requires the buffer to have room for at least one character.
+      __grow_buffer(__size_ + __n + 1);
+
+    std::uninitialized_default_construct_n(__ptr_ + __size_, __n);
+    std::transform(__first, __last, __ptr_ + __size_, std::move(__operation));
+    __size_ += __n;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __fill(size_t __n, _CharT __value) {
+    if (__size_ + __n >= __capacity_)
+      // Push_back requires the buffer to have room for at least one character.
+      __grow_buffer(__size_ + __n + 1);
+
+    std::uninitialized_fill_n(__ptr_ + __size_, __n, __value);
+    __size_ += __n;
+  }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI basic_string_view<_CharT> __view() { return {__ptr_, __size_}; }
+
+private:
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __grow_buffer() { __grow_buffer(__capacity_ * 1.6); }
+
+  _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void __grow_buffer(size_t __capacity) {
+    _LIBCPP_ASSERT_INTERNAL(__capacity > __capacity_, "the buffer must grow");
+    auto __result = std::__allocate_at_least(__alloc_, __capacity);
+    auto __guard  = std::__make_exception_guard([&] {
+      allocator_traits<_Alloc>::deallocate(__alloc_, __result.ptr, __result.count);
+    });
+    // This shouldn't throw, but just to be safe. Note that at -O1 this
+    // guard is optimized away so there is no runtime overhead.
+    std::uninitialized_move_n(__ptr_, __size_, __result.ptr);
+    __guard.__complete();
+    std::destroy_n(__ptr_, __size_);
+    allocator_traits<_Alloc>::deallocate(__alloc_, __ptr_, __capacity_);
+
+    __ptr_      = __result.ptr;
+    __capacity_ = __result.count;
+  }
+  _LIBCPP_NO_UNIQUE_ADDRESS _Alloc __alloc_;
+  _CharT* __ptr_;
+  size_t __capacity_;
+  size_t __size_{0};
+};
+
+} // namespace __format
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 20
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP___FORMAT_BUFFER_H