@svrnsec/pulse 0.6.0 → 0.8.0

package/src/analysis/jitter.js

@@ -1,446 +1,446 @@
-/**
- * @sovereign/pulse — Statistical Jitter Analysis
- *
- * Analyses the timing distribution from the entropy probe to classify
- * the host as a real consumer device or a sanitised datacenter VM.
- *
- * Core insight:
- *   Real hardware  → thermal throttling, OS context switches, DRAM refresh
- *                    cycles create a characteristic "noisy" but physically
- *                    plausible timing distribution.
- *   Datacenter VM  → hypervisor scheduler presents a nearly-flat execution
- *                    curve; thermal feedback is absent; timer may be
- *                    quantised to the host's scheduler quantum.
- */
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Public API
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * Full statistical analysis of a timing vector.
- *
- * @param {number[]} timings  - per-iteration millisecond deltas from WASM probe
- * @param {object}   [opts]
- * @param {object}   [opts.autocorrelations]  - pre-computed { lag1 … lag10 }
- * @returns {JitterAnalysis}
- */
-export function classifyJitter(timings, opts = {}) {
-  if (!timings || timings.length < 10) {
-    return _insufficientData();
-  }
-
-  const stats       = computeStats(timings);
-  const autocorr    = opts.autocorrelations ?? _computeLocalAutocorr(timings);
-  const hurst       = computeHurst(timings);
-  const quantEnt    = detectQuantizationEntropy(timings);
-  const thermal     = detectThermalSignature(timings);
-  const outlierRate = _outlierRate(timings, stats);
-
-  // ── Scoring rubric ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  // Each criterion contributes 0–1 to a weighted sum.
-  // Weights sum to 1.0; final score is in [0, 1].
-  //   1.0 = almost certainly a real consumer device + real silicon
-  //   0.0 = almost certainly a sanitised VM / AI instance
-
-  const components = {};
-  const flags      = [];
-
-  // 1. Coefficient of Variation  (weight 0.25)
-  //    Real hardware: CV ∈ [0.04, 0.35]
-  //    VM:            CV often < 0.02 ("too flat") or > 0.5 (scheduler bursts)
-  let cvScore = 0;
-  if (stats.cv >= 0.04 && stats.cv <= 0.35) {
-    cvScore = 1.0;
-  } else if (stats.cv >= 0.02 && stats.cv < 0.04) {
-    cvScore = (stats.cv - 0.02) / 0.02; // linear ramp up
-    flags.push('LOW_CV_BORDERLINE');
-  } else if (stats.cv > 0.35 && stats.cv < 0.5) {
-    cvScore = 1.0 - (stats.cv - 0.35) / 0.15; // ramp down
-    flags.push('HIGH_CV_POSSIBLE_SCHEDULER_BURST');
-  } else if (stats.cv < 0.02) {
-    cvScore = 0;
-    flags.push('CV_TOO_FLAT_VM_INDICATOR');
-  } else {
-    cvScore = 0.2;
-    flags.push('CV_TOO_HIGH_SCHEDULER_BURST');
-  }
-  components.cv = { score: cvScore, weight: 0.25, value: stats.cv };
-
-  // 2. Autocorrelation profile  (weight 0.20)
-  //    Real thermal noise → all lags near 0 (i.i.d. / Brownian)
-  //    VM hypervisor scheduler → positive autocorr (periodic steal-time bursts)
-  //    We use the maximum absolute autocorrelation across all measured lags
-  //    to catch both lag-1 and longer-period scheduler artifacts.
-  const acVals   = Object.values(autocorr).filter(v => v != null);
-  const maxAbsAC = acVals.length ? Math.max(...acVals.map(Math.abs)) : 0;
-  const meanAbsAC = acVals.length ? acVals.reduce((s, v) => s + Math.abs(v), 0) / acVals.length : 0;
-  const acStat   = (maxAbsAC + meanAbsAC) / 2; // blend: worst + average
-
-  let ac1Score = 0;
-  if (acStat < 0.12) {
-    ac1Score = 1.0;
-  } else if (acStat < 0.28) {
-    ac1Score = 1.0 - (acStat - 0.12) / 0.16;
-    flags.push('MODERATE_AUTOCORR_POSSIBLE_SCHEDULER');
-  } else {
-    ac1Score = 0;
-    flags.push('HIGH_AUTOCORR_VM_SCHEDULER_DETECTED');
-  }
-  components.autocorr = { score: ac1Score, weight: 0.20, value: acStat };
-
-  // 3. Quantization Entropy  (weight 0.20)
-  //    High entropy → timings are spread, not clustered on fixed boundaries
-  //    Low entropy  → values cluster on integer-ms ticks (legacy VM timer)
-  //
-  //    Scale:
-  //      QE ≥ 4.5  → 1.00  (strongly physical)
-  //      QE  3.0–4.5 → 0.00–1.00  (linear ramp, healthy range)
-  //      QE  2.0–3.0 → 0.00–0.20  (borderline; still gives partial credit so one
-  //                                 weak metric doesn't zero-out the whole score)
-  //      QE < 2.0  → 0.00  (clearly synthetic/quantised timer)
-  let qeScore = 0;
-  if (quantEnt >= 4.5) {
-    qeScore = 1.0;
-  } else if (quantEnt >= 3.0) {
-    qeScore = (quantEnt - 3.0) / 1.5;             // 0.00 → 1.00
-  } else if (quantEnt >= 2.0) {
-    // Partial credit — not obviously VM but not clearly physical.
-    // Lets other strong signals (CV, autocorr, Hurst) still carry the device
-    // over the physical threshold instead of being zeroed by a single weak metric.
-    qeScore = ((quantEnt - 2.0) / 1.0) * 0.20;   // 0.00 → 0.20
-    flags.push('LOW_QUANTIZATION_ENTROPY_BORDERLINE');
-  } else {
-    qeScore = 0;
-    flags.push('LOW_QUANTIZATION_ENTROPY_SYNTHETIC_TIMER');
-  }
-  components.quantization = { score: qeScore, weight: 0.20, value: quantEnt };
-
-  // 4. Hurst Exponent  (weight 0.15)
-  //    Genuine white thermal noise → H ≈ 0.5
-  //    VM scheduler periodicity   → H > 0.7 (persistent / self-similar)
-  //    Synthetic / replayed       → H near 0 or 1
-  let hurstScore = 0;
-  const hurstDev = Math.abs(hurst - 0.5);
-  if (hurstDev < 0.10) {
-    hurstScore = 1.0;
-  } else if (hurstDev < 0.25) {
-    hurstScore = 1.0 - (hurstDev - 0.10) / 0.15;
-    if (hurst > 0.7) flags.push('HIGH_HURST_VM_SCHEDULER_PERIODICITY');
-  } else {
-    hurstScore = 0;
-    if (hurst > 0.7)      flags.push('VERY_HIGH_HURST_VM');
-    else if (hurst < 0.3) flags.push('VERY_LOW_HURST_ANTIPERSISTENT');
-  }
-  components.hurst = { score: hurstScore, weight: 0.15, value: hurst };
-
-  // 5. Thermal signature  (weight 0.10)
-  //    Real CPU under sustained load → upward drift or sawtooth (fan cycling)
-  //    VM: flat timing regardless of simulated load (no thermal feedback loop)
-  let thermalScore = 0;
-  if (thermal.pattern === 'rising' || thermal.pattern === 'sawtooth') {
-    thermalScore = 1.0;
-  } else if (Math.abs(thermal.slope) > 5e-5) {
-    thermalScore = 0.5; // some drift present
-    flags.push('WEAK_THERMAL_SIGNATURE');
-  } else {
-    thermalScore = 0;
-    flags.push('FLAT_THERMAL_PROFILE_VM_INDICATOR');
-  }
-  components.thermal = { score: thermalScore, weight: 0.10, value: thermal.slope };
-
-  // 6. Outlier rate  (weight 0.10)
-  //    Context switches on real OS → occasional timing spikes (> 3σ)
-  //    VMs: far fewer OS-level interruptions visible to guest
-  let outlierScore = 0;
-  if (outlierRate >= 0.02 && outlierRate <= 0.15) {
-    outlierScore = 1.0;
-  } else if (outlierRate > 0 && outlierRate < 0.02) {
-    outlierScore = outlierRate / 0.02;
-    flags.push('FEW_OUTLIERS_POSSIBLY_VM');
-  } else if (outlierRate > 0.15) {
-    outlierScore = Math.max(0, 1.0 - (outlierRate - 0.15) / 0.15);
-    flags.push('EXCESSIVE_OUTLIERS_UNSTABLE');
-  }
-  components.outliers = { score: outlierScore, weight: 0.10, value: outlierRate };
-
-  // ── Weighted aggregate ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  const score = Object.values(components)
-    .reduce((sum, c) => sum + c.score * c.weight, 0);
-
-  return {
-    score: Math.max(0, Math.min(1, score)),
-    flags,
-    components,
-    stats,
-    autocorrelations: autocorr,
-    hurstExponent:    hurst,
-    quantizationEntropy: quantEnt,
-    thermalSignature: thermal,
-    outlierRate,
-  };
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// computeStats
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * Descriptive statistics for a timing vector.
- * @param {number[]} arr
- * @returns {TimingStats}
- */
-export function computeStats(arr) {
-  const sorted = [...arr].sort((a, b) => a - b);
-  const n      = arr.length;
-  const mean   = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + v, 0) / n;
-  const varr   = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + (v - mean) ** 2, 0) / (n - 1);
-  const std    = Math.sqrt(varr);
-
-  const pct = (p) => {
-    const idx = (p / 100) * (n - 1);
-    const lo  = Math.floor(idx);
-    const hi  = Math.ceil(idx);
-    return sorted[lo] + (sorted[hi] - sorted[lo]) * (idx - lo);
-  };
-
-  // Skewness (Fisher-Pearson)
-  const skew = n < 3 ? 0 :
-    arr.reduce((s, v) => s + ((v - mean) / std) ** 3, 0) *
-    (n / ((n - 1) * (n - 2)));
-
-  // Excess kurtosis
-  const kurt = n < 4 ? 0 :
-    (arr.reduce((s, v) => s + ((v - mean) / std) ** 4, 0) *
-     (n * (n + 1)) / ((n - 1) * (n - 2) * (n - 3))) -
-    (3 * (n - 1) ** 2) / ((n - 2) * (n - 3));
-
-  return {
-    n, mean, std,
-    cv:       std / mean,
-    min:      sorted[0],
-    max:      sorted[n - 1],
-    p5:       pct(5),
-    p25:      pct(25),
-    p50:      pct(50),
-    p75:      pct(75),
-    p95:      pct(95),
-    p99:      pct(99),
-    skewness: skew,
-    kurtosis: kurt,
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * @typedef {object} TimingStats
- * @property {number} n
- * @property {number} mean
- * @property {number} std
- * @property {number} cv
- * @property {number} min
- * @property {number} max
- * @property {number} p5
- * @property {number} p25
- * @property {number} p50
- * @property {number} p75
- * @property {number} p95
- * @property {number} p99
- * @property {number} skewness
- * @property {number} kurtosis
- */
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// computeHurst
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * Estimates the Hurst exponent via Rescaled Range (R/S) analysis.
- * Covers 4 sub-series sizes (n/4, n/3, n/2, n) to get a log-log slope.
- *
- * H ≈ 0.5 → random walk (Brownian, thermal noise)
- * H > 0.5 → persistent (VM hypervisor periodicity)
- * H < 0.5 → anti-persistent
- *
- * @param {number[]} arr
- * @returns {number}
- */
-export function computeHurst(arr) {
-  const n = arr.length;
-  if (n < 16) return 0.5; // not enough data
-
-  const sizes = [
-    Math.floor(n / 4),
-    Math.floor(n / 3),
-    Math.floor(n / 2),
-    n,
-  ].filter(s => s >= 8);
-
-  const points = sizes.map(s => {
-    const rs = _rescaledRange(arr.slice(0, s));
-    return [Math.log(s), Math.log(rs)];
-  });
-
-  // Ordinary least squares on log-log
-  const xMean = points.reduce((s, p) => s + p[0], 0) / points.length;
-  const yMean = points.reduce((s, p) => s + p[1], 0) / points.length;
-  let num = 0, den = 0;
-  for (const [x, y] of points) {
-    num += (x - xMean) * (y - yMean);
-    den += (x - xMean) ** 2;
-  }
-  const H = den === 0 ? 0.5 : num / den;
-  return Math.max(0, Math.min(1, H));
-}
-
-function _rescaledRange(arr) {
-  const n    = arr.length;
-  const mean = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + v, 0) / n;
-  const dev  = arr.map(v => v - mean);
-
-  // Cumulative deviation
-  const cum = [];
-  let acc = 0;
-  for (const d of dev) { acc += d; cum.push(acc); }
-
-  const R = Math.max(...cum) - Math.min(...cum);
-  const S = Math.sqrt(arr.reduce((s, v) => s + (v - mean) ** 2, 0) / n);
-  return S === 0 ? 1 : R / S;
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// detectQuantizationEntropy
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * Computes Shannon entropy of a histogram of timing values.
- * Low entropy (< 3 bits) indicates clustered / quantised timings (VM timer).
- *
- * @param {number[]} arr
- * @param {number}   [binWidthMs=0.2]
- * @returns {number}  entropy in bits
- */
-export function detectQuantizationEntropy(arr, binWidthMs = 0.2) {
-  if (!arr.length) return 0;
-  const bins = new Map();
-  for (const v of arr) {
-    const bin = Math.round(v / binWidthMs);
-    bins.set(bin, (bins.get(bin) ?? 0) + 1);
-  }
-  const n = arr.length;
-  let H = 0;
-  for (const count of bins.values()) {
-    const p = count / n;
-    H -= p * Math.log2(p);
-  }
-  return H;
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// detectThermalSignature
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * Analyses whether the timing series shows a thermal throttle pattern:
- * a rising trend (CPU heating up) or sawtooth (fan intervention).
- *
- * @param {number[]} arr
- * @returns {{ slope: number, pattern: 'rising'|'falling'|'sawtooth'|'flat', r2: number }}
- */
-export function detectThermalSignature(arr) {
-  const n    = arr.length;
-  if (n < 10) return { slope: 0, pattern: 'flat', r2: 0 };
-
-  // Linear regression (timing vs sample index)
-  const xMean = (n - 1) / 2;
-  const yMean = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + v, 0) / n;
-  let num = 0, den = 0;
-  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-    num += (i - xMean) * (arr[i] - yMean);
-    den += (i - xMean) ** 2;
-  }
-  const slope = den === 0 ? 0 : num / den;
-
-  // R² of linear fit
-  const ss_res = arr.reduce((s, v, i) => {
-    const pred = yMean + slope * (i - xMean);
-    return s + (v - pred) ** 2;
-  }, 0);
-  const ss_tot = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + (v - yMean) ** 2, 0);
-  const r2 = ss_tot === 0 ? 0 : 1 - ss_res / ss_tot;
-
-  // Sawtooth detection: look for a drop > 2σ after a rising segment
-  const std  = Math.sqrt(arr.reduce((s, v) => s + (v - yMean) ** 2, 0) / n);
-  let sawtoothCount = 0;
-  for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
-    if (arr[i - 1] - arr[i] > 2 * std) sawtoothCount++;
-  }
-
-  let pattern;
-  if (sawtoothCount >= 2)   pattern = 'sawtooth';
-  else if (slope > 5e-5)    pattern = 'rising';
-  else if (slope < -5e-5)   pattern = 'falling';
-  else                      pattern = 'flat';
-
-  return { slope, pattern, r2, sawtoothCount };
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Internal helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function _outlierRate(arr, stats) {
-  const threshold = stats.mean + 3 * stats.std;
-  return arr.filter(v => v > threshold).length / arr.length;
-}
-
-function _computeLocalAutocorr(arr) {
-  const autocorr = {};
-  for (const lag of [1, 2, 3, 5, 10]) {
-    autocorr[`lag${lag}`] = _pearsonAC(arr, lag);
-  }
-  return autocorr;
-}
-
-function _pearsonAC(arr, lag) {
-  const n = arr.length;
-  if (lag >= n) return 0;
-  const valid = n - lag;
-  const mean  = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + v, 0) / n;
-  let num = 0, da = 0, db = 0;
-  for (let i = 0; i < valid; i++) {
-    const a = arr[i]       - mean;
-    const b = arr[i + lag] - mean;
-    num += a * b;
-    da  += a * a;
-    db  += b * b;
-  }
-  const denom = Math.sqrt(da * db);
-  return denom < 1e-14 ? 0 : num / denom;
-}
-
-function _insufficientData() {
-  return {
-    score: 0,
-    flags: ['INSUFFICIENT_DATA'],
-    components:          {},
-    stats:               null,
-    autocorrelations:    {},
-    hurstExponent:       0.5,
-    quantizationEntropy: 0,
-    thermalSignature:    { slope: 0, pattern: 'flat', r2: 0 },
-    outlierRate:         0,
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * @typedef {object} JitterAnalysis
- * @property {number}   score              - [0,1], 1 = real hardware
- * @property {string[]} flags              - diagnostic flags
- * @property {object}   components         - per-criterion scores and weights
- * @property {TimingStats} stats
- * @property {object}   autocorrelations
- * @property {number}   hurstExponent
- * @property {number}   quantizationEntropy
- * @property {object}   thermalSignature
- * @property {number}   outlierRate
- */
+/**
+ * @svrnsec/pulse — Statistical Jitter Analysis
+ *
+ * Analyses the timing distribution from the entropy probe to classify
+ * the host as a real consumer device or a sanitised datacenter VM.
+ *
+ * Core insight:
+ *   Real hardware  → thermal throttling, OS context switches, DRAM refresh
+ *                    cycles create a characteristic "noisy" but physically
+ *                    plausible timing distribution.
+ *   Datacenter VM  → hypervisor scheduler presents a nearly-flat execution
+ *                    curve; thermal feedback is absent; timer may be
+ *                    quantised to the host's scheduler quantum.
+ */
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Public API
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Full statistical analysis of a timing vector.
+ *
+ * @param {number[]} timings  - per-iteration millisecond deltas from WASM probe
+ * @param {object}   [opts]
+ * @param {object}   [opts.autocorrelations]  - pre-computed { lag1 … lag10 }
+ * @returns {JitterAnalysis}
+ */
+export function classifyJitter(timings, opts = {}) {
+  if (!timings || timings.length < 10) {
+    return _insufficientData();
+  }
+
+  const stats       = computeStats(timings);
+  const autocorr    = opts.autocorrelations ?? _computeLocalAutocorr(timings);
+  const hurst       = computeHurst(timings);
+  const quantEnt    = detectQuantizationEntropy(timings);
+  const thermal     = detectThermalSignature(timings);
+  const outlierRate = _outlierRate(timings, stats);
+
+  // ── Scoring rubric ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Each criterion contributes 0–1 to a weighted sum.
+  // Weights sum to 1.0; final score is in [0, 1].
+  //   1.0 = almost certainly a real consumer device + real silicon
+  //   0.0 = almost certainly a sanitised VM / AI instance
+
+  const components = {};
+  const flags      = [];
+
+  // 1. Coefficient of Variation  (weight 0.25)
+  //    Real hardware: CV ∈ [0.04, 0.35]
+  //    VM:            CV often < 0.02 ("too flat") or > 0.5 (scheduler bursts)
+  let cvScore = 0;
+  if (stats.cv >= 0.04 && stats.cv <= 0.35) {
+    cvScore = 1.0;
+  } else if (stats.cv >= 0.02 && stats.cv < 0.04) {
+    cvScore = (stats.cv - 0.02) / 0.02; // linear ramp up
+    flags.push('LOW_CV_BORDERLINE');
+  } else if (stats.cv > 0.35 && stats.cv < 0.5) {
+    cvScore = 1.0 - (stats.cv - 0.35) / 0.15; // ramp down
+    flags.push('HIGH_CV_POSSIBLE_SCHEDULER_BURST');
+  } else if (stats.cv < 0.02) {
+    cvScore = 0;
+    flags.push('CV_TOO_FLAT_VM_INDICATOR');
+  } else {
+    cvScore = 0.2;
+    flags.push('CV_TOO_HIGH_SCHEDULER_BURST');
+  }
+  components.cv = { score: cvScore, weight: 0.25, value: stats.cv };
+
+  // 2. Autocorrelation profile  (weight 0.20)
+  //    Real thermal noise → all lags near 0 (i.i.d. / Brownian)
+  //    VM hypervisor scheduler → positive autocorr (periodic steal-time bursts)
+  //    We use the maximum absolute autocorrelation across all measured lags
+  //    to catch both lag-1 and longer-period scheduler artifacts.
+  const acVals   = Object.values(autocorr).filter(v => v != null);
+  const maxAbsAC = acVals.length ? Math.max(...acVals.map(Math.abs)) : 0;
+  const meanAbsAC = acVals.length ? acVals.reduce((s, v) => s + Math.abs(v), 0) / acVals.length : 0;
+  const acStat   = (maxAbsAC + meanAbsAC) / 2; // blend: worst + average
+
+  let ac1Score = 0;
+  if (acStat < 0.12) {
+    ac1Score = 1.0;
+  } else if (acStat < 0.28) {
+    ac1Score = 1.0 - (acStat - 0.12) / 0.16;
+    flags.push('MODERATE_AUTOCORR_POSSIBLE_SCHEDULER');
+  } else {
+    ac1Score = 0;
+    flags.push('HIGH_AUTOCORR_VM_SCHEDULER_DETECTED');
+  }
+  components.autocorr = { score: ac1Score, weight: 0.20, value: acStat };
+
+  // 3. Quantization Entropy  (weight 0.20)
+  //    High entropy → timings are spread, not clustered on fixed boundaries
+  //    Low entropy  → values cluster on integer-ms ticks (legacy VM timer)
+  //
+  //    Scale:
+  //      QE ≥ 4.5  → 1.00  (strongly physical)
+  //      QE  3.0–4.5 → 0.00–1.00  (linear ramp, healthy range)
+  //      QE  2.0–3.0 → 0.00–0.20  (borderline; still gives partial credit so one
+  //                                 weak metric doesn't zero-out the whole score)
+  //      QE < 2.0  → 0.00  (clearly synthetic/quantised timer)
+  let qeScore = 0;
+  if (quantEnt >= 4.5) {
+    qeScore = 1.0;
+  } else if (quantEnt >= 3.0) {
+    qeScore = (quantEnt - 3.0) / 1.5;             // 0.00 → 1.00
+  } else if (quantEnt >= 2.0) {
+    // Partial credit — not obviously VM but not clearly physical.
+    // Lets other strong signals (CV, autocorr, Hurst) still carry the device
+    // over the physical threshold instead of being zeroed by a single weak metric.
+    qeScore = ((quantEnt - 2.0) / 1.0) * 0.20;   // 0.00 → 0.20
+    flags.push('LOW_QUANTIZATION_ENTROPY_BORDERLINE');
+  } else {
+    qeScore = 0;
+    flags.push('LOW_QUANTIZATION_ENTROPY_SYNTHETIC_TIMER');
+  }
+  components.quantization = { score: qeScore, weight: 0.20, value: quantEnt };
+
+  // 4. Hurst Exponent  (weight 0.15)
+  //    Genuine white thermal noise → H ≈ 0.5
+  //    VM scheduler periodicity   → H > 0.7 (persistent / self-similar)
+  //    Synthetic / replayed       → H near 0 or 1
+  let hurstScore = 0;
+  const hurstDev = Math.abs(hurst - 0.5);
+  if (hurstDev < 0.10) {
+    hurstScore = 1.0;
+  } else if (hurstDev < 0.25) {
+    hurstScore = 1.0 - (hurstDev - 0.10) / 0.15;
+    if (hurst > 0.7) flags.push('HIGH_HURST_VM_SCHEDULER_PERIODICITY');
+  } else {
+    hurstScore = 0;
+    if (hurst > 0.7)      flags.push('VERY_HIGH_HURST_VM');
+    else if (hurst < 0.3) flags.push('VERY_LOW_HURST_ANTIPERSISTENT');
+  }
+  components.hurst = { score: hurstScore, weight: 0.15, value: hurst };
+
+  // 5. Thermal signature  (weight 0.10)
+  //    Real CPU under sustained load → upward drift or sawtooth (fan cycling)
+  //    VM: flat timing regardless of simulated load (no thermal feedback loop)
+  let thermalScore = 0;
+  if (thermal.pattern === 'rising' || thermal.pattern === 'sawtooth') {
+    thermalScore = 1.0;
+  } else if (Math.abs(thermal.slope) > 5e-5) {
+    thermalScore = 0.5; // some drift present
+    flags.push('WEAK_THERMAL_SIGNATURE');
+  } else {
+    thermalScore = 0;
+    flags.push('FLAT_THERMAL_PROFILE_VM_INDICATOR');
+  }
+  components.thermal = { score: thermalScore, weight: 0.10, value: thermal.slope };
+
+  // 6. Outlier rate  (weight 0.10)
+  //    Context switches on real OS → occasional timing spikes (> 3σ)
+  //    VMs: far fewer OS-level interruptions visible to guest
+  let outlierScore = 0;
+  if (outlierRate >= 0.02 && outlierRate <= 0.15) {
+    outlierScore = 1.0;
+  } else if (outlierRate > 0 && outlierRate < 0.02) {
+    outlierScore = outlierRate / 0.02;
+    flags.push('FEW_OUTLIERS_POSSIBLY_VM');
+  } else if (outlierRate > 0.15) {
+    outlierScore = Math.max(0, 1.0 - (outlierRate - 0.15) / 0.15);
+    flags.push('EXCESSIVE_OUTLIERS_UNSTABLE');
+  }
+  components.outliers = { score: outlierScore, weight: 0.10, value: outlierRate };
+
+  // ── Weighted aggregate ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  const score = Object.values(components)
+    .reduce((sum, c) => sum + c.score * c.weight, 0);
+
+  return {
+    score: Math.max(0, Math.min(1, score)),
+    flags,
+    components,
+    stats,
+    autocorrelations: autocorr,
+    hurstExponent:    hurst,
+    quantizationEntropy: quantEnt,
+    thermalSignature: thermal,
+    outlierRate,
+  };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// computeStats
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Descriptive statistics for a timing vector.
+ * @param {number[]} arr
+ * @returns {TimingStats}
+ */
+export function computeStats(arr) {
+  const sorted = [...arr].sort((a, b) => a - b);
+  const n      = arr.length;
+  const mean   = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + v, 0) / n;
+  const varr   = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + (v - mean) ** 2, 0) / (n - 1);
+  const std    = Math.sqrt(varr);
+
+  const pct = (p) => {
+    const idx = (p / 100) * (n - 1);
+    const lo  = Math.floor(idx);
+    const hi  = Math.ceil(idx);
+    return sorted[lo] + (sorted[hi] - sorted[lo]) * (idx - lo);
+  };
+
+  // Skewness (Fisher-Pearson)
+  const skew = n < 3 ? 0 :
+    arr.reduce((s, v) => s + ((v - mean) / std) ** 3, 0) *
+    (n / ((n - 1) * (n - 2)));
+
+  // Excess kurtosis
+  const kurt = n < 4 ? 0 :
+    (arr.reduce((s, v) => s + ((v - mean) / std) ** 4, 0) *
+     (n * (n + 1)) / ((n - 1) * (n - 2) * (n - 3))) -
+    (3 * (n - 1) ** 2) / ((n - 2) * (n - 3));
+
+  return {
+    n, mean, std,
+    cv:       std / mean,
+    min:      sorted[0],
+    max:      sorted[n - 1],
+    p5:       pct(5),
+    p25:      pct(25),
+    p50:      pct(50),
+    p75:      pct(75),
+    p95:      pct(95),
+    p99:      pct(99),
+    skewness: skew,
+    kurtosis: kurt,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {object} TimingStats
+ * @property {number} n
+ * @property {number} mean
+ * @property {number} std
+ * @property {number} cv
+ * @property {number} min
+ * @property {number} max
+ * @property {number} p5
+ * @property {number} p25
+ * @property {number} p50
+ * @property {number} p75
+ * @property {number} p95
+ * @property {number} p99
+ * @property {number} skewness
+ * @property {number} kurtosis
+ */
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// computeHurst
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Estimates the Hurst exponent via Rescaled Range (R/S) analysis.
+ * Covers 4 sub-series sizes (n/4, n/3, n/2, n) to get a log-log slope.
+ *
+ * H ≈ 0.5 → random walk (Brownian, thermal noise)
+ * H > 0.5 → persistent (VM hypervisor periodicity)
+ * H < 0.5 → anti-persistent
+ *
+ * @param {number[]} arr
+ * @returns {number}
+ */
+export function computeHurst(arr) {
+  const n = arr.length;
+  if (n < 16) return 0.5; // not enough data
+
+  const sizes = [
+    Math.floor(n / 4),
+    Math.floor(n / 3),
+    Math.floor(n / 2),
+    n,
+  ].filter(s => s >= 8);
+
+  const points = sizes.map(s => {
+    const rs = _rescaledRange(arr.slice(0, s));
+    return [Math.log(s), Math.log(rs)];
+  });
+
+  // Ordinary least squares on log-log
+  const xMean = points.reduce((s, p) => s + p[0], 0) / points.length;
+  const yMean = points.reduce((s, p) => s + p[1], 0) / points.length;
+  let num = 0, den = 0;
+  for (const [x, y] of points) {
+    num += (x - xMean) * (y - yMean);
+    den += (x - xMean) ** 2;
+  }
+  const H = den === 0 ? 0.5 : num / den;
+  return Math.max(0, Math.min(1, H));
+}
+
+function _rescaledRange(arr) {
+  const n    = arr.length;
+  const mean = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + v, 0) / n;
+  const dev  = arr.map(v => v - mean);
+
+  // Cumulative deviation
+  const cum = [];
+  let acc = 0;
+  for (const d of dev) { acc += d; cum.push(acc); }
+
+  const R = Math.max(...cum) - Math.min(...cum);
+  const S = Math.sqrt(arr.reduce((s, v) => s + (v - mean) ** 2, 0) / n);
+  return S === 0 ? 1 : R / S;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// detectQuantizationEntropy
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Computes Shannon entropy of a histogram of timing values.
+ * Low entropy (< 3 bits) indicates clustered / quantised timings (VM timer).
+ *
+ * @param {number[]} arr
+ * @param {number}   [binWidthMs=0.2]
+ * @returns {number}  entropy in bits
+ */
+export function detectQuantizationEntropy(arr, binWidthMs = 0.2) {
+  if (!arr.length) return 0;
+  const bins = new Map();
+  for (const v of arr) {
+    const bin = Math.round(v / binWidthMs);
+    bins.set(bin, (bins.get(bin) ?? 0) + 1);
+  }
+  const n = arr.length;
+  let H = 0;
+  for (const count of bins.values()) {
+    const p = count / n;
+    H -= p * Math.log2(p);
+  }
+  return H;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// detectThermalSignature
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Analyses whether the timing series shows a thermal throttle pattern:
+ * a rising trend (CPU heating up) or sawtooth (fan intervention).
+ *
+ * @param {number[]} arr
+ * @returns {{ slope: number, pattern: 'rising'|'falling'|'sawtooth'|'flat', r2: number }}
+ */
+export function detectThermalSignature(arr) {
+  const n    = arr.length;
+  if (n < 10) return { slope: 0, pattern: 'flat', r2: 0 };
+
+  // Linear regression (timing vs sample index)
+  const xMean = (n - 1) / 2;
+  const yMean = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + v, 0) / n;
+  let num = 0, den = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    num += (i - xMean) * (arr[i] - yMean);
+    den += (i - xMean) ** 2;
+  }
+  const slope = den === 0 ? 0 : num / den;
+
+  // R² of linear fit
+  const ss_res = arr.reduce((s, v, i) => {
+    const pred = yMean + slope * (i - xMean);
+    return s + (v - pred) ** 2;
+  }, 0);
+  const ss_tot = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + (v - yMean) ** 2, 0);
+  const r2 = ss_tot === 0 ? 0 : 1 - ss_res / ss_tot;
+
+  // Sawtooth detection: look for a drop > 2σ after a rising segment
+  const std  = Math.sqrt(arr.reduce((s, v) => s + (v - yMean) ** 2, 0) / n);
+  let sawtoothCount = 0;
+  for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+    if (arr[i - 1] - arr[i] > 2 * std) sawtoothCount++;
+  }
+
+  let pattern;
+  if (sawtoothCount >= 2)   pattern = 'sawtooth';
+  else if (slope > 5e-5)    pattern = 'rising';
+  else if (slope < -5e-5)   pattern = 'falling';
+  else                      pattern = 'flat';
+
+  return { slope, pattern, r2, sawtoothCount };
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Internal helpers
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+function _outlierRate(arr, stats) {
+  const threshold = stats.mean + 3 * stats.std;
+  return arr.filter(v => v > threshold).length / arr.length;
+}
+
+function _computeLocalAutocorr(arr) {
+  const autocorr = {};
+  for (const lag of [1, 2, 3, 5, 10]) {
+    autocorr[`lag${lag}`] = _pearsonAC(arr, lag);
+  }
+  return autocorr;
+}
+
+function _pearsonAC(arr, lag) {
+  const n = arr.length;
+  if (lag >= n) return 0;
+  const valid = n - lag;
+  const mean  = arr.reduce((s, v) => s + v, 0) / n;
+  let num = 0, da = 0, db = 0;
+  for (let i = 0; i < valid; i++) {
+    const a = arr[i]       - mean;
+    const b = arr[i + lag] - mean;
+    num += a * b;
+    da  += a * a;
+    db  += b * b;
+  }
+  const denom = Math.sqrt(da * db);
+  return denom < 1e-14 ? 0 : num / denom;
+}
+
+function _insufficientData() {
+  return {
+    score: 0,
+    flags: ['INSUFFICIENT_DATA'],
+    components:          {},
+    stats:               null,
+    autocorrelations:    {},
+    hurstExponent:       0.5,
+    quantizationEntropy: 0,
+    thermalSignature:    { slope: 0, pattern: 'flat', r2: 0 },
+    outlierRate:         0,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {object} JitterAnalysis
+ * @property {number}   score              - [0,1], 1 = real hardware
+ * @property {string[]} flags              - diagnostic flags
+ * @property {object}   components         - per-criterion scores and weights
+ * @property {TimingStats} stats
+ * @property {object}   autocorrelations
+ * @property {number}   hurstExponent
+ * @property {number}   quantizationEntropy
+ * @property {object}   thermalSignature
+ * @property {number}   outlierRate
+ */