@svgrid/grid 3.0.7 → 3.0.9

package/dist/columns.js

@@ -146,11 +146,26 @@ export function createColumns(ctx) {
             ? g.filter((x) => x !== columnId)
             : [...g, columnId]);
     }
+    // id -> column for the current column list. Width math asks for every
+    // column's width in loops, so a linear `find` per call made those loops
+    // quadratic: ~1.2 s of a 5,000-column mount. Rebuilt when the list changes.
+    let columnsById = new Map();
+    let columnsByIdFor = null;
+    function columnById(columnId) {
+        const all = ctx.grid.getAllColumns();
+        if (all !== columnsByIdFor) {
+            columnsById = new Map();
+            for (const c of all)
+                columnsById.set(c.id, c);
+            columnsByIdFor = all;
+        }
+        return columnsById.get(columnId);
+    }
     /** Width before fitColumns scaling - what the columnDef/user actually set. */
     function getColumnBaseWidth(columnId) {
         if (ctx.columnWidths[columnId] !== undefined)
             return ctx.columnWidths[columnId];
-        const column = ctx.grid.getAllColumns().find((c) => c.id === columnId);
+        const column = columnById(columnId);
         if (column?.columnDef.width !== undefined)
             return column.columnDef.width;
         return ctx.props.columnWidth ?? 140;

package/dist/conditional-formatting.js

@@ -271,8 +271,15 @@ export function resolveCellFormat(value, row, columnId, formats, stat) {
  * on the same row (`compareColumn`) - those read the row, not column stats.
  */
 export function formatNeedsStats(f) {
-    return ((f.type === 'colorScale' || f.type === 'dataBar') &&
-        !('compareColumn' in f && f.compareColumn));
+    if (f.type !== 'colorScale' && f.type !== 'dataBar')
+        return false;
+    if ('compareColumn' in f && f.compareColumn)
+        return false;
+    // Both ends fixed in absolute units: the column's range is never read, so
+    // there is nothing to scan (and on a server-backed grid no way to scan it).
+    if (f.minValue != null && f.maxValue != null && (f.bounds ?? 'absolute') === 'absolute')
+        return false;
+    return true;
 }
 export function formatsNeedingStats(formats) {
     return formats.some(formatNeedsStats);

package/dist/core.d.ts

@@ -614,6 +614,99 @@ export declare const filterFns: {
     includesString: (value: unknown, query: string) => boolean;
     equals: (value: unknown, query: unknown) => boolean;
 };
+/**
+ * Everything a base row needs that is the same for every row in the table.
+ *
+ * One object per table, referenced by every row, instead of one closure scope
+ * per row. See {@link BASE_ROW_METHODS}.
+ */
+export type BaseRowCtx<TData extends RowData> = {
+    grid: SvGrid<TData>;
+    store: {
+        state: Record<string, any>;
+    };
+    columns: Array<Column<TData>>;
+    columnCount: number;
+    columnIndexById: Map<string, number>;
+};
+/**
+ * Keys for a base row's private fields.
+ *
+ * Symbols, not string keys, and that is load-bearing. A row's shared methods
+ * need a pointer back to the table, but `_ctx` as a normal property made every
+ * row serialise the entire grid: `JSON.stringify(oneRow)` grew with the dataset
+ * (981 chars at 3 rows, 67,719 at 3,000) because `options.data` is reachable
+ * through it, so stringifying a row model was quadratic. Rows used to serialise
+ * to a small constant and must again.
+ *
+ * A symbol key is invisible to `JSON.stringify`, `Object.keys` and `for...in`,
+ * yet IS copied by object spread - which matters because several row models
+ * legitimately do `{ ...row, depth }` and the clone needs these to work.
+ * Non-enumerable string keys would have hidden them from JSON but also from the
+ * spread, silently breaking every cloned row.
+ */
+export declare const ROW_CTX: unique symbol;
+export declare const ROW_VALUES: unique symbol;
+export declare const ROW_CELLS: unique symbol;
+export declare const ROW_FILTER_GEN: unique symbol;
+export declare const ROW_FILTER_POS: unique symbol;
+export declare const ROW_SORT_DROPPED: unique symbol;
+export declare const ROW_SORT_KEY: unique symbol;
+/**
+ * The rows as a plain dense array. For a lazyRows() list, makes the rows not
+ * made yet and returns its backing array - the same row objects, without the
+ * Proxy in front. Anything that reads every row (a sort, a filter) should go
+ * through this first: a trap per read, over several passes of a million rows,
+ * cost more than building the rows did.
+ */
+export declare function denseRows<T>(rows: T[]): T[];
+/**
+ * The row model for windowed data (windowed-data.ts), or null when `data` is
+ * an ordinary array. It lives in windowed-row-model.ts and is installed by the
+ * first createWindowedData() call, so a grid that is never handed windowed
+ * data does not bundle it: this file imports nothing from either module.
+ */
+export type WindowedRowModel<TData extends RowData> = (data: unknown, columns: Array<Column<TData>>) => RowModel<TData> | null;
+export type WindowedRowModelInstall = <TData extends RowData>(ctx: {
+    rowCtxFor: (columns: Array<Column<TData>>) => BaseRowCtx<TData>;
+    getRowId: () => ((row: TData, index: number) => string) | undefined;
+}) => WindowedRowModel<TData>;
+/** Internal: windowed-row-model.ts installs itself here. */
+export declare function registerWindowedRowModel(install: WindowedRowModelInstall): void;
+/** A base row's private fields, on top of the public {@link Row} surface. */
+export type BaseRowState<TData extends RowData> = Row<TData> & {
+    [ROW_CTX]: BaseRowCtx<TData>;
+    [ROW_VALUES]: Array<unknown> | null;
+    [ROW_CELLS]: Array<Cell<TData>> | null;
+    [ROW_FILTER_GEN]: number;
+    [ROW_FILTER_POS]: number;
+    [ROW_SORT_DROPPED]: number;
+    [ROW_SORT_KEY]: unknown;
+};
+/**
+ * The methods every base row carries, defined ONCE and assigned by reference.
+ *
+ * Rows used to be built as object literals whose methods were closures, which
+ * meant a 100k-row grid allocated 700k closures and a closure scope per row
+ * before painting anything. Measured at 100k x 9: 13.8 ms and 56.5 MB to build,
+ * against 2.0 ms and 14.5 MB for this shape - the single largest cost in
+ * mounting a large grid.
+ *
+ * They read their row through `this` rather than a captured variable, which is
+ * why they can be shared. Note they are assigned as OWN properties rather than
+ * put on a prototype: `Row` is public, several row models legitimately do
+ * `{ ...row, depth }`, and a spread copies own properties but not a prototype.
+ * A class here would silently strip every method off a cloned row.
+ */
+export declare const BASE_ROW_METHODS: {
+    getCanExpand(this: BaseRowState<RowData>): boolean;
+    getIsExpanded(this: BaseRowState<RowData>): boolean;
+    toggleExpanded(this: BaseRowState<RowData>): void;
+    getIsSelected(this: BaseRowState<RowData>): boolean;
+    toggleSelected(this: BaseRowState<RowData>): void;
+    getAllCells(this: BaseRowState<RowData>): Cell<RowData>[];
+    getCellValueByColumnId(this: BaseRowState<RowData>, columnId: string): unknown;
+};
 /**
  * One stage of the row pipeline: takes the rows produced so far and returns the
  * next set. Stages compose in the order given to `_rowModels`, so filtering

package/dist/core.js

@@ -202,22 +202,102 @@ export const filterFns = {
  * Non-enumerable string keys would have hidden them from JSON but also from the
  * spread, silently breaking every cloned row.
  */
-const ROW_CTX = Symbol('svgrid.row.ctx');
-const ROW_VALUES = Symbol('svgrid.row.values');
-const ROW_CELLS = Symbol('svgrid.row.cells');
+// Exported for windowed-row-model.ts only; index.ts does not re-export them.
+export const ROW_CTX = Symbol('svgrid.row.ctx');
+export const ROW_VALUES = Symbol('svgrid.row.values');
+export const ROW_CELLS = Symbol('svgrid.row.cells');
 // Where the filtered stage last put this row: the generation of that full
 // filter and the row's index in its output. Lets a tick swap a replaced row
 // into place without re-filtering everything (see createFilteredRowModel).
-const ROW_FILTER_GEN = Symbol('svgrid.row.filterGen');
-const ROW_FILTER_POS = Symbol('svgrid.row.filterPos');
+export const ROW_FILTER_GEN = Symbol('svgrid.row.filterGen');
+export const ROW_FILTER_POS = Symbol('svgrid.row.filterPos');
 // Stamped on the rows a sort repair drops, so the merge skips them with one
 // property read per row instead of a Set lookup (3 ms per 100k rows).
-const ROW_SORT_DROPPED = Symbol('svgrid.row.sortDropped');
+export const ROW_SORT_DROPPED = Symbol('svgrid.row.sortDropped');
 // The key(s) the last full sort computed for a row: the key itself for a
 // one-clause sort, an array for several. Read by the repair path so a tick
 // never recomputes a kept row's key.
-const ROW_SORT_KEY = Symbol('svgrid.row.sortKey');
+export const ROW_SORT_KEY = Symbol('svgrid.row.sortKey');
 let sortDropGeneration = 0;
+const LAZY_ROWS = Symbol('svgrid.lazyRows');
+const LAZY_FILL = Symbol('svgrid.lazyRows.fill');
+/**
+ * A real array of `length` rows whose entries are made on first read.
+ *
+ * A Proxy over a holey array: `get` fills a hole by calling `make`, and
+ * `has` / `getOwnPropertyDescriptor` report every index as present, so
+ * map, filter, slice, sort and iteration see a dense array (without them
+ * they would skip the holes). Writes go to the backing array.
+ */
+function lazyRows(length, make) {
+    const store = new Array(length);
+    const at = (key) => {
+        if (typeof key !== 'string')
+            return -1;
+        const c = key.charCodeAt(0);
+        if (c < 48 || c > 57)
+            return -1;
+        const i = +key;
+        return i < length && (i | 0) === i ? i : -1;
+    };
+    // Make every row not made yet, in one plain loop, and return the backing
+    // array: dense from then on, and read without the trap.
+    const fill = () => {
+        for (let i = 0; i < length; i++)
+            if (store[i] === undefined)
+                store[i] = make(i);
+        return store;
+    };
+    return new Proxy(store, {
+        get(t, key, receiver) {
+            if (key === LAZY_ROWS)
+                return t;
+            if (key === LAZY_FILL)
+                return fill;
+            const i = at(key);
+            if (i < 0)
+                return Reflect.get(t, key, receiver);
+            let row = t[i];
+            if (row === undefined)
+                t[i] = row = make(i);
+            return row;
+        },
+        has(t, key) {
+            if (key === LAZY_ROWS)
+                return true;
+            return at(key) >= 0 || Reflect.has(t, key);
+        },
+        getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t, key) {
+            const i = at(key);
+            if (i < 0)
+                return Reflect.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(t, key);
+            let row = t[i];
+            if (row === undefined)
+                t[i] = row = make(i);
+            return { value: row, writable: true, enumerable: true, configurable: true };
+        },
+    });
+}
+/**
+ * The rows as a plain dense array. For a lazyRows() list, makes the rows not
+ * made yet and returns its backing array - the same row objects, without the
+ * Proxy in front. Anything that reads every row (a sort, a filter) should go
+ * through this first: a trap per read, over several passes of a million rows,
+ * cost more than building the rows did.
+ */
+export function denseRows(rows) {
+    const fill = rows[LAZY_FILL];
+    return fill ? fill() : rows;
+}
+/** The backing array of a lazyRows() list (rows made so far, holes elsewhere), or null. */
+function lazyRowsBacking(rows) {
+    return rows ? (rows[LAZY_ROWS] ?? null) : null;
+}
+let installWindowedRowModel = null;
+/** Internal: windowed-row-model.ts installs itself here. */
+export function registerWindowedRowModel(install) {
+    installWindowedRowModel = install;
+}
 /**
  * The methods every base row carries, defined ONCE and assigned by reference.
  *
@@ -233,7 +313,7 @@ let sortDropGeneration = 0;
  * `{ ...row, depth }`, and a spread copies own properties but not a prototype.
  * A class here would silently strip every method off a cloned row.
  */
-const BASE_ROW_METHODS = {
+export const BASE_ROW_METHODS = {
     getCanExpand() {
         return false;
     },
@@ -777,6 +857,7 @@ export function createSortedRowModel(localSortFns = sortFns) {
             let compare;
             let keyOf;
             let autoMode;
+            let rankCount;
             if (comparator === sortFns.number) {
                 keyOf = (row) => numberSortKey(row.getCellValueByColumnId(columnId));
                 for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
@@ -827,9 +908,20 @@ export function createSortedRowModel(localSortFns = sortFns) {
                 // column. Reading every k-th row is no more expensive and does not care
                 // how the rows are arranged.
                 const rankLimit = n >> 1;
-                let distinct = null;
+                // Each distinct value's id (its insertion order), when ranking.
+                let idOf = null;
                 if (n > 0) {
-                    const sampleTarget = Math.min(n, 256);
+                    // Ranking pays when the column has at most n/2 distinct values. A
+                    // small sample cannot see that by asking whether half of it repeats:
+                    // 1M rows of 80k values, each one 12 times over, gave 256 samples
+                    // with almost no repeats, so ranking was skipped and the sort made
+                    // 20M collator calls (1.75 s; ranked, it is a fraction of that).
+                    // Count the repeats in a larger sample instead. S samples from u
+                    // equally common values repeat about S^2 / 2u times, so u <= n/2
+                    // shows as at least S^2 / n repeats. Up to SAMPLE rows the whole
+                    // column is the sample and the test is exact.
+                    const SAMPLE = 2048;
+                    const sampleTarget = Math.min(n, SAMPLE);
                     const stride = Math.max(1, Math.floor(n / sampleTarget));
                     const sample = new Set();
                     let sampled = 0;
@@ -837,17 +929,30 @@ export function createSortedRowModel(localSortFns = sortFns) {
                         sample.add(autoTextKey(rows[i].getCellValueByColumnId(columnId)));
                         sampled++;
                     }
-                    // Only attempt ranking when the sample suggests real repetition.
-                    if (sample.size * 2 <= sampled)
-                        distinct = new Set();
+                    const repeats = sampled - sample.size;
+                    const worthRanking = stride === 1 ? sample.size <= rankLimit : repeats * n >= sampled * sampled;
+                    if (worthRanking)
+                        idOf = new Map();
                 }
+                // One hash per row: the value's id is looked up (or assigned) as the
+                // row is read, and the rank lookup further down is an array read by
+                // id. It used to add every value to a Set and then look every value up
+                // again in a rank Map, two hashes per row.
+                const ids = idOf ? new Int32Array(n) : null;
                 for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                     const s = autoTextKey(rows[i].getCellValueByColumnId(columnId));
                     strings[i] = s;
-                    if (distinct) {
-                        distinct.add(s);
-                        if (distinct.size > rankLimit)
-                            distinct = null;
+                    if (idOf) {
+                        let id = idOf.get(s);
+                        if (id === undefined) {
+                            id = idOf.size;
+                            idOf.set(s, id);
+                            if (idOf.size > rankLimit) {
+                                idOf = null;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ids[i] = id;
                     }
                 }
                 // Collation is by far the most expensive comparison we do - a CPU
@@ -863,13 +968,17 @@ export function createSortedRowModel(localSortFns = sortFns) {
                 // Guarded on the uniqueness ratio: when nearly every value is distinct
                 // the ranking pass cannot save any collator calls and would just add an
                 // O(n) Map build, so that case keeps comparing directly.
-                if (distinct) {
-                    const ordered = Array.from(distinct).sort(compareCollatedKeys);
-                    const rankOf = new Map();
-                    for (let i = 0; i < ordered.length; i++)
-                        rankOf.set(ordered[i], i);
+                if (idOf) {
+                    // Map keys come back in insertion order, which is id order.
+                    const values = Array.from(idOf.keys());
+                    const byRank = values.map((_, id) => id).sort((a, b) => compareCollatedKeys(values[a], values[b]));
+                    const rankById = new Int32Array(values.length);
+                    for (let r = 0; r < byRank.length; r++)
+                        rankById[byRank[r]] = r;
                     for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
-                        keys[i] = rankOf.get(strings[i]);
+                        keys[i] = rankById[ids[i]];
+                    const rankIds = idOf;
+                    rankCount = values.length;
                     compare = compareNumericKeys;
                     // A replacement whose text is not among the ranked values has no
                     // rank; the repair path treats that as "sort everything again".
@@ -878,7 +987,8 @@ export function createSortedRowModel(localSortFns = sortFns) {
                         // A number arriving in a tick makes the column mixed; resort fully.
                         if (typeof value === 'number')
                             return MISSING_KEY;
-                        return rankOf.get(autoTextKey(value)) ?? MISSING_KEY;
+                        const id = rankIds.get(autoTextKey(value));
+                        return id === undefined ? MISSING_KEY : rankById[id];
                     };
                 }
                 else {
@@ -896,14 +1006,16 @@ export function createSortedRowModel(localSortFns = sortFns) {
                     keys[i] = keyOf(rows[i]);
                 compare = comparator;
             }
-            clauses.push({ keys, desc: clause.desc, compare, keyOf });
+            clauses.push({ keys, desc: clause.desc, compare, keyOf, rankCount });
         }
         if (!clauses.length)
             return null;
         // Sort an index array, then materialise. `Array.prototype.sort` is stable,
         // so equal keys keep their original relative order exactly as the previous
         // `[...rows].sort(...)` did.
-        const order = new Array(rows.length);
+        // An index array the comparator sorts in place, or a typed array from
+        // countingOrder / radixOrder for a large one-column numeric sort.
+        let order = new Array(rows.length);
         for (let i = 0; i < order.length; i++)
             order[i] = i;
         // Single-clause sorts get a specialised comparator.
@@ -920,19 +1032,28 @@ export function createSortedRowModel(localSortFns = sortFns) {
         // which the spec coerces to 0, and they differ only in producing 0 versus
         // -0 for equal keys, which sorts identically.
         if (clauses.length === 1) {
-            const { keys, compare, desc } = clauses[0];
-            if (compare === compareNumericKeys) {
+            const { keys, compare, desc, rankCount } = clauses[0];
+            if (rankCount !== undefined && rows.length >= STABLE_NUMERIC_SORT_MIN) {
+                order = countingOrder(keys, rankCount, desc);
+            }
+            else if (compare === compareNumericKeys && rows.length >= STABLE_NUMERIC_SORT_MIN) {
+                order = radixOrder(keys, desc);
+            }
+            else if (compare === compareNumericKeys) {
+                ;
                 order.sort(desc
                     ? function compareOneNumericDesc(ia, ib) { return keys[ib] - keys[ia]; }
                     : function compareOneNumericAsc(ia, ib) { return keys[ia] - keys[ib]; });
             }
             else {
+                ;
                 order.sort(desc
                     ? function compareOneDesc(ia, ib) { return -compare(keys[ia], keys[ib]); }
                     : function compareOneAsc(ia, ib) { return compare(keys[ia], keys[ib]); });
             }
         }
         else {
+            ;
             order.sort(function compareRowsByClauses(ia, ib) {
                 for (let k = 0; k < clauses.length; k++) {
                     const clause = clauses[k];
@@ -1159,6 +1280,94 @@ function autoSortMode(rows, columnId) {
  * Left as its own function so the sort path has one place to change if that
  * ever stops being true. Re-measure before "optimising" this again.
  */
+/**
+ * From this many rows, a one-column numeric sort orders its row indices
+ * without a comparator. `Array.prototype.sort` with a JS comparator made
+ * ~20M comparator calls for 1M rows, most of a numeric sort's time; both
+ * orders below are stable, as that sort is, so equal keys keep input order.
+ * Under it the comparator sort is cheaper than the bucket arrays.
+ */
+const STABLE_NUMERIC_SORT_MIN = 20000;
+/** Stable order of `keys` that are integer ranks in [0, rankCount): one counting pass. */
+function countingOrder(keys, rankCount, desc) {
+    const n = keys.length;
+    const starts = new Uint32Array(rankCount + 1);
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        starts[(desc ? rankCount - 1 - keys[i] : keys[i]) + 1]++;
+    for (let r = 0; r < rankCount; r++)
+        starts[r + 1] += starts[r];
+    const out = new Uint32Array(n);
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        out[starts[desc ? rankCount - 1 - keys[i] : keys[i]]++] = i;
+    return out;
+}
+const LITTLE_ENDIAN = new Uint8Array(new Uint32Array([1]).buffer)[0] === 1;
+/**
+ * Stable order of float keys: an LSD radix sort over the IEEE bits, four
+ * 16-bit passes, a pass skipped when every key shares its digit. The bits are
+ * mapped so unsigned order is numeric order (sign bit flipped for positives,
+ * every bit for negatives), and inverted for a descending sort, which keeps
+ * equal keys in input order exactly as a descending comparator does. -0 is
+ * folded into 0 first, since the comparator treated them as equal. Keys are
+ * never NaN here: numberSortKey and dateSortKey map those to -Infinity.
+ */
+function radixOrder(keys, desc) {
+    const n = keys.length;
+    const f64 = new Float64Array(n);
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        f64[i] = keys[i] + 0;
+    const words = new Uint32Array(f64.buffer);
+    const lo = new Uint32Array(n);
+    const hi = new Uint32Array(n);
+    const loAt = LITTLE_ENDIAN ? 0 : 1;
+    const hiAt = 1 - loAt;
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        let h = words[2 * i + hiAt];
+        let l = words[2 * i + loAt];
+        if (h & 0x80000000) {
+            h = ~h >>> 0;
+            l = ~l >>> 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            h = (h | 0x80000000) >>> 0;
+        }
+        if (desc) {
+            h = ~h >>> 0;
+            l = ~l >>> 0;
+        }
+        hi[i] = h;
+        lo[i] = l;
+    }
+    let src = new Uint32Array(n);
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        src[i] = i;
+    let dst = new Uint32Array(n);
+    const counts = new Uint32Array(65536);
+    for (let pass = 0; pass < 4; pass++) {
+        const word = pass < 2 ? lo : hi;
+        const shift = pass % 2 === 0 ? 0 : 16;
+        counts.fill(0);
+        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
+            counts[(word[i] >>> shift) & 0xffff]++;
+        // Every key in one bucket: this digit cannot change the order.
+        if (counts[(word[src[0]] >>> shift) & 0xffff] === n)
+            continue;
+        let sum = 0;
+        for (let d = 0; d < 65536; d++) {
+            const c = counts[d];
+            counts[d] = sum;
+            sum += c;
+        }
+        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            const idx = src[i];
+            dst[counts[(word[idx] >>> shift) & 0xffff]++] = idx;
+        }
+        const t = src;
+        src = dst;
+        dst = t;
+    }
+    return src;
+}
 function compareCollatedKeys(a, b) {
     return a.localeCompare(b);
 }
@@ -1192,6 +1401,24 @@ export function createSvGridCore(options) {
     /** Old row -> new row for the rebuild the next pipeline run follows; see `replacedRowsOf`. */
     let replacedRows = null;
     let cachedRowCtx = null;
+    /** This grid's windowed-data row model, made on first use from the installed hook. */
+    let windowedRowModel = null;
+    /** The shared row context for `columns`, reused while they are the same. */
+    function rowCtxFor(columns) {
+        if (cachedRowCtx && cachedRowCtx.columns === columns)
+            return cachedRowCtx;
+        const columnIndexById = new Map();
+        for (let i = 0; i < columns.length; i++)
+            columnIndexById.set(columns[i].id, i);
+        cachedRowCtx = {
+            grid: grid,
+            store,
+            columns,
+            columnCount: columns.length,
+            columnIndexById,
+        };
+        return cachedRowCtx;
+    }
     let cachedRowModel = null;
     let cachedRowModelBaseRows = null;
     let cachedPipeline = options._rowModels;
@@ -1375,6 +1602,12 @@ export function createSvGridCore(options) {
             // (a $state.raw signal), and the rebuild below touched it twice per row:
             // 200k tracked reads per 100k-row tick, 11 ms of a 65 ms tick.
             const data = options.data;
+            if (installWindowedRowModel) {
+                windowedRowModel ?? (windowedRowModel = installWindowedRowModel({ rowCtxFor, getRowId: () => options.getRowId }));
+                const model = windowedRowModel(data, columns);
+                if (model)
+                    return model;
+            }
             if (cachedBaseRowsInput !== data || cachedBaseRowsColumns !== columns) {
                 // Same columns as last time: the shared context still describes them,
                 // and a row whose data object sits at the same index can keep its
@@ -1384,7 +1617,10 @@ export function createSvGridCore(options) {
                 // landing. The reused row drops its memoised values and cells, since
                 // an app may have changed the object in place before passing a new
                 // array - that is the case the old rebuild covered by accident.
-                const previous = cachedBaseRowsColumns === columns && cachedRowCtx ? cachedBaseRows : null;
+                // A lazy row list (lazyRows below) is read through its backing array,
+                // so reusing rows never makes the ones nobody looked at.
+                const previous = cachedBaseRowsColumns === columns && cachedRowCtx ? (lazyRowsBacking(cachedBaseRows) ?? cachedBaseRows) : null;
+                const previousInput = cachedBaseRowsInput;
                 // Same length as last time: a replacement, not an add or remove, so
                 // each new row stands in for the old row at its index and the stages
                 // can repair rather than recompute. Anything else is structural.
@@ -1412,26 +1648,14 @@ export function createSvGridCore(options) {
                     };
                     cachedRowCtx = rowCtx;
                 }
-                cachedBaseRows = new Array(data.length);
                 const getRowId = options.getRowId;
                 const m = BASE_ROW_METHODS;
-                for (let index = 0; index < data.length; index++) {
+                // `_values` and `_cells` stay null until something reads them - a
+                // 100k-row grid showing twenty rows must not materialise every row's
+                // values or cell objects to paint.
+                const makeRow = (index) => {
                     const original = data[index];
-                    const kept = previous?.[index];
-                    if (kept && kept.original === original) {
-                        kept[ROW_VALUES] = null;
-                        kept[ROW_CELLS] = null;
-                        cachedBaseRows[index] = kept;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    // Past a quarter of the rows the merge stops being cheaper than a
-                    // sort with the ranking pass; let the stages do the full work.
-                    if (replacedRows && replacedRows.size * 4 >= data.length)
-                        replacedRows = null;
-                    // `_values` and `_cells` stay null until something reads them - a
-                    // 100k-row grid showing twenty rows must not materialise every row's
-                    // values or cell objects to paint.
-                    const row = {
+                    return {
                         id: getRowId ? getRowId(original, index) : String(index),
                         index,
                         original,
@@ -1451,6 +1675,42 @@ export function createSvGridCore(options) {
                         getAllCells: m.getAllCells,
                         getCellValueByColumnId: m.getCellValueByColumnId,
                     };
+                };
+                if (!previous) {
+                    // A first build has nothing to reuse or repair: make each row the
+                    // first time something reads it. A grid that only shows the first
+                    // screen makes ~40 row objects, not 100k; a sort or a filter reads
+                    // every row and makes them then. Building them all up front was
+                    // most of a 100k-row mount (~24 ms, plus the garbage).
+                    cachedBaseRows = lazyRows(data.length, makeRow);
+                }
+                else
+                    cachedBaseRows = new Array(data.length);
+                for (let index = 0; previous && index < data.length; index++) {
+                    const original = data[index];
+                    const kept = previous[index];
+                    if (kept && kept.original === original) {
+                        // Read before writing: a row nobody rendered (a million off-screen
+                        // placeholders under a row model) has nothing memoised, and a
+                        // store per row was a measurable share of each block landing.
+                        if (kept[ROW_VALUES] !== null)
+                            kept[ROW_VALUES] = null;
+                        if (kept[ROW_CELLS] !== null)
+                            kept[ROW_CELLS] = null;
+                        cachedBaseRows[index] = kept;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    // Past a quarter of the rows the merge stops being cheaper than a
+                    // sort with the ranking pass; let the stages do the full work.
+                    if (replacedRows && replacedRows.size * 4 >= data.length)
+                        replacedRows = null;
+                    const row = makeRow(index);
+                    // The previous list was lazy and never made this row, but its data
+                    // object is the same one: hand the old list this row too, so a
+                    // caller still holding it gets the same object for the same data,
+                    // as when every row was built up front.
+                    if (kept === undefined && previousInput?.[index] === original)
+                        previous[index] = row;
                     cachedBaseRows[index] = row;
                     if (replacedRows && kept)
                         replacedRows.set(kept, row);
@@ -1494,7 +1754,13 @@ export function createSvGridCore(options) {
                 cachedSlices?.expanded === currentSlices.expanded) {
                 return cachedRowModel;
             }
-            let rows = cachedBaseRows;
+            // A stage with work to do reads every row; give it the dense array.
+            const anyStageActive = (currentSlices.sorting?.length ?? 0) > 0 ||
+                (currentSlices.columnFilters?.length ?? 0) > 0 ||
+                (currentSlices.grouping?.length ?? 0) > 0 ||
+                currentSlices.expanded === true ||
+                Object.keys(currentSlices.expanded ?? {}).length > 0;
+            let rows = anyStageActive ? denseRows(cachedBaseRows) : cachedBaseRows;
             const pipeline = options._rowModels ?? {};
             const ordered = [
                 pipeline.coreRowModel,