@surea11y/core 1.6.0 → 1.8.0

package/src/checks/automatic/link-name-present.js

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  * @atomic true
  * @summary Links must have an accessible name
  * @standard WCAG 2.2
- * @sc 4.1.2
+ * @sc 2.4.4, 4.1.2
  * @applicability
  *   Applies to <a href>, <area href> and elements with role="link" that are
  *   included in the accessibility tree. An <a> without an href is not a link
@@ -33,9 +33,18 @@ const meta = {
     descriptionKey: 'linkNamePresent_description'
   },
   helpUrl: null,
-  tags: ['wcag2a', 'wcag412', 'navigation', 'atomic', 'automatic', 'links', 'name'],
-  wcagSc: ['4.1.2'],
+  tags: ['wcag2a', 'wcag244', 'wcag412', 'navigation', 'atomic', 'automatic', 'links', 'name'],
+  wcagSc: ['2.4.4', '4.1.2'],
+  // 2.4.4 as well as 4.1.2, as ACT rule c487ae maps it: a link with no name
+  // has no purpose to determine, in context or otherwise.
   normativeMappings: [
+    {
+      standard: 'WCAG',
+      version: '2.2',
+      requirement: '2.4.4',
+      title: 'Link Purpose (In Context)',
+      conformanceLevel: 'A'
+    },
     {
       standard: 'WCAG',
       version: '2.2',
@@ -48,8 +57,7 @@ const meta = {
   category: 'robust',
   type: 'automatic',
   defaultConfidence: 'high',
-  // IMPORTANT: update your facets registry to include "link-name-present" under 4.1.2
-  coverage: { facetsBySc: { '4.1.2': ['link-name-present'] } }
+  coverage: { facetsBySc: { '2.4.4': ['link-name-present'], '4.1.2': ['link-name-present'] } }
 };
 
 function runInPage(ctx) {

package/src/checks/automatic/list-children-valid.js

@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@
  * @sc 1.3.1
  * @applicability
  *   Applies to <ul>/<ol> elements that have at least one direct element
- *   child.
+ *   child and whose role is list: no role attribute, role="list", or a role
+ *   attribute naming no concrete ARIA role. A <ul>/<ol> given another role
+ *   (listbox, menubar, tablist, none, ...) is not a list, so its children
+ *   follow that role's rules instead.
  * @expectation
  *   Every direct element child is <li>, <script>, or <template>. UNLESS it
  *   has an explicit `role` attribute, in which case the explicit role wins
@@ -96,9 +99,23 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;
 
+  // The first role token that names a concrete ARIA role, or '' when none
+  // does (the element keeps its native list role).
+  const aria = helpers && helpers.aria;
+  function resolvedExplicitRole(el) {
+    const tokens = String((el.getAttribute && el.getAttribute('role')) || '')
+      .toLowerCase()
+      .split(/\s+/)
+      .filter(Boolean);
+    if (!aria || typeof aria.isValidConcreteRole !== 'function') return tokens[0] || '';
+    return tokens.find((t) => aria.isValidConcreteRole(t)) || '';
+  }
+
   for (const el of nodes) {
     if (!el || !el.children) continue;
     if (!el.children.length) continue;
+    const listRole = resolvedExplicitRole(el);
+    if (listRole && listRole !== 'list') continue;
 
     applicableCount += 1;
 

package/src/checks/automatic/listbox-name-present.js

@@ -149,21 +149,6 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     }
   }
 
-  function buildLabelForMap(doc) {
-    const map = new Map(); // id -> label element (first)
-    try {
-      const labels = doc && doc.getElementsByTagName ? doc.getElementsByTagName('label') : [];
-      for (let i = 0; i < labels.length; i += 1) {
-        const lab = labels[i];
-        if (!lab || !lab.getAttribute) continue;
-        const f = normalizeWs(lab.getAttribute('for'));
-        if (!f) continue;
-        if (!map.has(f)) map.set(f, lab);
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    return map;
-  }
-
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;
 
@@ -172,42 +157,27 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     ? helpers.queryAllSmart(selector)
     : helpers.queryAll(selector);
 
-  // Precompute label[for] map for listbox elements that are labelable
-  // native form controls (e.g. <select multiple role="listbox">).
-  const labelForMap = buildLabelForMap(document);
-
+  // Delegates to the shared, spec-guarded lookup (dom-helpers.js's
+  // getAssociatedLabelElements): a <label> -- wrapping or via `for` --
+  // only ever associates with a genuinely labelable element, so this
+  // correctly returns nothing for role-only widgets a <label> merely sits
+  // next to, and the real thing for a labelable element like
+  // <select multiple role="listbox">.
   function getNativeLabelText(el) {
+    if (!helpers || typeof helpers.getAssociatedLabelElements !== 'function') return '';
+    let labels;
     try {
-      if ('labels' in el && el.labels && el.labels.length) {
-        const parts = [];
-        const max = Math.min(4, el.labels.length);
-        for (let i = 0; i < max; i += 1) {
-          const lab = el.labels[i];
-          const t = lab ? getLabelText(lab) : '';
-          if (t) parts.push(t);
-        }
-        const joined = normalizeWs(parts.join(' '));
-        if (joined) return joined;
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    try {
-      if (el.closest) {
-        const wrap = el.closest('label');
-        if (wrap) {
-          const t = getLabelText(wrap);
-          if (t) return t;
-        }
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    try {
-      const idAttr = getAttr(el, 'id');
-      if (idAttr && labelForMap.has(idAttr)) {
-        const lab = labelForMap.get(idAttr);
-        const t = lab ? getLabelText(lab) : '';
-        if (t) return t;
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    return '';
+      labels = helpers.getAssociatedLabelElements(el) || [];
+    } catch {
+      labels = [];
+    }
+    const parts = [];
+    const max = Math.min(4, labels.length);
+    for (let i = 0; i < max; i += 1) {
+      const t = getLabelText(labels[i]);
+      if (t) parts.push(t);
+    }
+    return normalizeWs(parts.join(' '));
   }
 
   function hasName(el) {

package/src/checks/automatic/listitem-parent-valid.js

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
  * @applicability
  *   Applies to <li> elements that have a parent element.
  * @expectation
- *   The parent is <ul>/<ol> with no role override, or an element with an
+ *   The parent is <ul>/<ol>/<menu> with no role override (all three have
+ *   the implicit role list), or an element with an
  *   explicit role of "list", "presentation", or "none". An <li> used
  *   outside a real list container (e.g. as a generic flex/grid item under
  *   a <div>) is not exposed as a list item to assistive technologies.
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ const id = 'listitem-parent-valid';
 const meta = {
   title: 'List items must be inside a list container',
   description:
-    'Checks that <li> elements are contained by <ul>, <ol>, or an element with role="list".',
+    'Checks that <li> elements are contained by <ul>, <ol>, <menu>, or an element with role="list".',
   i18n: {
     titleKey: 'listitemParentValid_title',
     descriptionKey: 'listitemParentValid_description'
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
       // direction, see the header comment.
       valid = explicitRole === 'list' || explicitRole === 'presentation' || explicitRole === 'none';
     } else {
-      valid = parentTag === 'ul' || parentTag === 'ol';
+      valid = parentTag === 'ul' || parentTag === 'ol' || parentTag === 'menu';
     }
 
     if (valid) continue;

package/src/checks/automatic/meta-refresh-no-exceptions.js

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 /**
  * @check meta-refresh-no-exceptions
  * @atomic true
- * @summary At the AAA level, a meta refresh must not be used at all
+ * @summary At the AAA level, a meta refresh must not use a positive delay, however long
  * @standard WCAG 2.2
  * @sc 2.2.4, 3.2.5
  * @applicability
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@
 const id = 'meta-refresh-no-exceptions';
 
 const meta = {
-  title: 'Page must not use a meta refresh at all (AAA)',
+  title: 'Page must not use a timed meta refresh (AAA)',
   description:
-    'Checks that <meta http-equiv="refresh"> is not present at all, regardless of delay. This is the stricter AAA-level counterpart of the A-level positive-delay-only check.',
+    'Checks that <meta http-equiv="refresh"> does not set a positive delay, however long; an immediate redirect (delay 0) passes. This is the stricter AAA-level counterpart of the A-level check, which exempts delays over 20 hours.',
   i18n: {
     titleKey: 'metaRefreshNoExceptions_title',
     descriptionKey: 'metaRefreshNoExceptions_description'

package/src/checks/automatic/page-title-present.js

@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
  *   The document has a <title> element, and document.title with whitespace
  *   collapsed is non-empty. The element is looked for anywhere in the
  *   document, not only inside <head>: a <title> the parser leaves outside
- *   <head> is still the document title in every browser. Whether that title
- *   describes the page is page-title-patterns' question.
+ *   <head> is still the document title in every browser. Only an
+ *   HTML-namespace <title> counts; the <title> of an inline <svg> names the
+ *   graphic, so a page whose only <title> is inside an <svg> is missing its
+ *   title element. Whether that title describes the page is
+ *   page-title-patterns' question.
  */
 
 const id = 'page-title-present';
@@ -66,8 +69,17 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   // after <head> has closed is not re-parented into <head>, yet the browser
   // (and document.title, used below) still recognizes it as the document's
   // title, matching that here avoids a false "missing title" report for a
-  // <title> that legitimately ended up outside <head>.
-  const titleEl = document.querySelector('title');
+  // <title> that legitimately ended up outside <head>. Only an HTML-namespace
+  // <title> counts: an inline <svg><title> names the graphic, not the page,
+  // and document.title ignores it.
+  const HTML_NS = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml';
+  let titleEl = null;
+  for (const t of Array.from(document.getElementsByTagName('title'))) {
+    if (!t.namespaceURI || t.namespaceURI === HTML_NS) {
+      titleEl = t;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
   const titleText = (document.title || '').replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
 
   const missingTitleEl = !titleEl;

package/src/checks/automatic/progressbar-name-present.js

@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@
  *   aria-labelledby that resolves to non-empty text, or from title.
  *   role="progressbar" is name-from-author-only, so subtree text is never
  *   accepted: text sitting inside a custom progressbar widget is not
- *   reliably exposed as its name.
+ *   reliably exposed as its name. On a labelable element
+ *   (<progress role="progressbar">) an associated <label> counts as well.
  */
 
 const id = 'progressbar-name-present';
@@ -124,6 +125,15 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     const title = getAttr(el, 'title');
     if (title) return { ok: true, method: 'title' };
 
+    // An associated <label> on a labelable host
+    // (<progress role="progressbar">, <meter role="progressbar">).
+    if (helpers.getNativeHostNameInfo) {
+      try {
+        const host = helpers.getNativeHostNameInfo(el, ctx);
+        if (host && host.present) return { ok: true, method: host.mechanism };
+      } catch {}
+    }
+
     // role="progressbar" is name-from-author-only per WAI-ARIA: aria-label,
     // aria-labelledby, or title, no content-based naming method at all. It
     // must NOT fall back to subtree content: e.g. a <ul role="progressbar">

package/src/checks/automatic/{role-img-alt-present.js → role-img-text-alternative-present.js}

@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
  *   aria-hidden-focus and duplicate-id-aria own those separately). Per ACT
  *   7d6734, this reaches any element carrying one of these roles, not only
  *   the <svg> root, e.g. a <circle role="graphics-symbol"> nested inside a
- *   plain <svg>. The <svg> root itself is left to svg-text-alternative-present's
- *   own (already ACT-clean) title/aria-name handling; the <img> tag is
- *   excluded here since it has its own dedicated rule.
+ *   plain <svg>. Every <svg> element itself is left to
+ *   svg-text-alternative-present's own (already ACT-clean) title/aria-name
+ *   handling, so an unnamed <svg role="img"> is reported once, there; the
+ *   <img> tag is excluded here since it has its own dedicated rule.
  * @expectation
  *   Each applicable element has an accessible text alternative:
  *    - aria-label with a non-empty value; OR
@@ -95,8 +96,11 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
   };
 
   const imgElements = (() => {
-    // do not consider element "img" because it has its own rule
-    const sel = '[role="img" i]:not(img), [role="graphics-symbol" i], [role="graphics-document" i]';
+    // <img> and <svg> are left out: each has its own rule
+    // (img-alt-present, svg-text-alternative-present), and counting an
+    // unnamed <svg role="img"> here too would report it twice.
+    const sel =
+      '[role="img" i]:not(img):not(svg), [role="graphics-symbol" i]:not(svg), [role="graphics-document" i]:not(svg)';
     try {
       return Array.from((queryAllSmart ? queryAllSmart(sel) : queryAll(sel)) || []);
     } catch {

package/src/checks/automatic/searchbox-name-present.js

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
  *   accepted: text sitting inside a custom searchbox widget is not reliably
  *   exposed as its name. On a labelable element (<input role="searchbox">)
  *   an associated <label> counts as well.
+ *   On a text-like <input> or a <textarea>, the placeholder counts last
+ *   (HTML-AAM's final name source): a placeholder-only label is a 3.3.2
+ *   question, not a missing name.
  */
 
 const id = 'searchbox-name-present';
@@ -149,21 +152,6 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     }
   }
 
-  function buildLabelForMap(doc) {
-    const map = new Map(); // id -> label element (first)
-    try {
-      const labels = doc && doc.getElementsByTagName ? doc.getElementsByTagName('label') : [];
-      for (let i = 0; i < labels.length; i += 1) {
-        const lab = labels[i];
-        if (!lab || !lab.getAttribute) continue;
-        const f = normalizeWs(lab.getAttribute('for'));
-        if (!f) continue;
-        if (!map.has(f)) map.set(f, lab);
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    return map;
-  }
-
   const occurrences = [];
   let applicableCount = 0;
 
@@ -172,42 +160,27 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     ? helpers.queryAllSmart(selector)
     : helpers.queryAll(selector);
 
-  // Precompute label[for] map for searchbox elements that are labelable
-  // native form controls (e.g. <input role="searchbox">).
-  const labelForMap = buildLabelForMap(document);
-
+  // Delegates to the shared, spec-guarded lookup (dom-helpers.js's
+  // getAssociatedLabelElements): a <label> -- wrapping or via `for` --
+  // only ever associates with a genuinely labelable element, so this
+  // correctly returns nothing for role-only widgets a <label> merely sits
+  // next to, and the real thing for a labelable element like
+  // <input role="searchbox">.
   function getNativeLabelText(el) {
+    if (!helpers || typeof helpers.getAssociatedLabelElements !== 'function') return '';
+    let labels;
     try {
-      if ('labels' in el && el.labels && el.labels.length) {
-        const parts = [];
-        const max = Math.min(4, el.labels.length);
-        for (let i = 0; i < max; i += 1) {
-          const lab = el.labels[i];
-          const t = lab ? getLabelText(lab) : '';
-          if (t) parts.push(t);
-        }
-        const joined = normalizeWs(parts.join(' '));
-        if (joined) return joined;
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    try {
-      if (el.closest) {
-        const wrap = el.closest('label');
-        if (wrap) {
-          const t = getLabelText(wrap);
-          if (t) return t;
-        }
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    try {
-      const idAttr = getAttr(el, 'id');
-      if (idAttr && labelForMap.has(idAttr)) {
-        const lab = labelForMap.get(idAttr);
-        const t = lab ? getLabelText(lab) : '';
-        if (t) return t;
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    return '';
+      labels = helpers.getAssociatedLabelElements(el) || [];
+    } catch {
+      labels = [];
+    }
+    const parts = [];
+    const max = Math.min(4, labels.length);
+    for (let i = 0; i < max; i += 1) {
+      const t = getLabelText(labels[i]);
+      if (t) parts.push(t);
+    }
+    return normalizeWs(parts.join(' '));
   }
 
   function hasName(el) {
@@ -224,6 +197,16 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     const lab = getNativeLabelText(el);
     if (lab) return { ok: true, method: 'label' };
 
+    // HTML-AAM's last name source for a text-like <input> or a <textarea>,
+    // after title: the placeholder. A placeholder-only label is a 3.3.2
+    // question, not a missing name.
+    if (helpers.getNativeHostNameInfo) {
+      try {
+        const host = helpers.getNativeHostNameInfo(el, ctx, { placeholder: true });
+        if (host && host.present) return { ok: true, method: host.mechanism };
+      } catch {}
+    }
+
     // role="searchbox" is name-from-author-only per WAI-ARIA: it must NOT
     // fall back to subtree content.
     return { ok: false, method: 'none' };

package/src/checks/automatic/server-side-image-map-absent.js

@@ -5,29 +5,34 @@
 /**
  * @check server-side-image-map-absent
  * @atomic true
- * @summary <img> must not use a server-side image map (ismap)
+ * @summary A server-side image map (ismap) needs a keyboard-operable alternative
  * @standard WCAG 2.2
  * @sc 2.1.1
  * @applicability
- *   Applies to <img> elements that carry an ismap attribute.
+ *   Applies to any scan scope. An <img ismap> inside an <a href> is a
+ *   server-side image map: the browser sends the click coordinates to the
+ *   link's URL, which has no keyboard-operable equivalent and exposes no
+ *   individual regions to assistive technology.
  * @expectation
- *   The image does not use ismap at all. Server-side image maps depend on
- *   the browser sending click coordinates to the server, which has no
- *   keyboard-operable equivalent, there is no way to determine or expose
- *   individual clickable regions to assistive technology or keyboard
- *   users. Client-side image maps (<map>/<area>, each with real href/alt)
- *   are the accessible alternative and are not flagged by this rule.
+ *   Each server-side image map is reported as cantTell: 2.1.1 is met when
+ *   the same destinations are also offered as links a keyboard can reach,
+ *   which the rule cannot verify.
+ *   Client-side image maps (<map>/<area>) are not flagged.
+ *   A scope with no <img ismap> passes. One whose only <img ismap> elements
+ *   are outside a link is notApplicable: ismap does nothing there, so there
+ *   is no server-side image map (the misplaced attribute is invalid HTML,
+ *   a matter for the validator).
  * @implementation-notes
- * - Presence of ismap is itself the violation (there is no automatable way
- *   to verify a "usable alternative" exists elsewhere on the page).
+ * - There is no automatable way to verify that a usable alternative exists
+ *   elsewhere on the page, so the rule never fails.
  */
 
 const id = 'server-side-image-map-absent';
 
 const meta = {
-  title: 'Images must not use a server-side image map',
+  title: 'Server-side image maps must have a keyboard-operable alternative',
   description:
-    'Checks that <img> elements do not carry the ismap attribute (server-side image maps have no keyboard-operable equivalent).',
+    'Asks, for each <img ismap> inside a link, whether the page offers the same destinations as links a keyboard can reach, since a server-side image map has no keyboard-operable regions of its own.',
   i18n: {
     titleKey: 'serverSideImageMapAbsent_title',
     descriptionKey: 'serverSideImageMapAbsent_description'
@@ -59,23 +64,36 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     : helpers.queryAll('img[ismap]');
 
   const occurrences = [];
-  let applicableCount = 0;
 
   for (const el of nodes) {
     if (!el) continue;
 
-    applicableCount += 1;
+    // ismap does something only on an image inside a hyperlink.
+    let link;
+    try {
+      link = el.closest ? el.closest('a[href]') : null;
+    } catch {
+      link = null;
+    }
+    if (!link) continue;
 
     occurrences.push(
       helpers.reportOccurrence(el, {
         summary:
-          'This image uses a server-side image map, which has no keyboard-operable equivalent.',
-        hint: 'Replace the server-side image map (ismap) with a client-side image map (<map>/<area>) or separate accessible links/buttons.',
+          'This image is a server-side image map (ismap inside a link), whose regions cannot be reached from the keyboard.',
+        hint: 'Check that the page offers the same destinations as separate links. Better: replace the server-side image map with a client-side image map (<map>/<area>) or separate links/buttons.',
+        occurrenceOutcome: 'cantTell',
         i18n: {
-          summaryKey: 'serverSideImageMapAbsent_summary_fail',
-          hintKey: 'serverSideImageMapAbsent_hint_fail',
+          summaryKey: 'serverSideImageMapAbsent_summary_cantTell',
+          hintKey: 'serverSideImageMapAbsent_hint_cantTell',
           params: {}
         },
+        uncertainty: {
+          code: 'equivalence-unknown',
+          needed:
+            'Whether the destinations of this image map are also offered as keyboard-operable links.',
+          evidence: { href: link.getAttribute('href') }
+        },
         data: {
           details: { reasonCode: 'SERVER_SIDE_IMAGE_MAP' }
         }
@@ -83,18 +101,20 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     );
   }
 
-  if (applicableCount === 0) {
-    return { ruleId: rule.ruleId, outcome: 'notApplicable', severity: 'minor', occurrences: [] };
+  // No <img ismap> at all is the passing case (see @expectation above);
+  // ismap only outside links means there is no server-side image map.
+  if (!nodes.length) {
+    return { ruleId: rule.ruleId, outcome: 'pass', severity: 'minor', occurrences: [] };
   }
-  if (occurrences.length) {
-    return {
-      ruleId: rule.ruleId,
-      outcome: 'fail',
-      severity: rule.defaultSeverity || 'serious',
-      occurrences
-    };
+  if (!occurrences.length) {
+    return { ruleId: rule.ruleId, outcome: 'notApplicable', severity: 'minor', occurrences: [] };
   }
-  return { ruleId: rule.ruleId, outcome: 'pass', severity: 'minor', occurrences: [] };
+  return {
+    ruleId: rule.ruleId,
+    outcome: 'cantTell',
+    severity: rule.defaultSeverity || 'serious',
+    occurrences
+  };
 }
 
 module.exports = { id, meta, runInPage };

package/src/checks/automatic/slider-name-present.js

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@
  *   accepted: text sitting inside a custom slider widget is not reliably
  *   exposed as its name. On a labelable element (<input role="slider">) an
  *   associated <label> counts as well.
+ *   On a text-like <input> or a <textarea>, the placeholder counts last
+ *   (HTML-AAM's final name source): a placeholder-only label is a 3.3.2
+ *   question, not a missing name.
  */
 
 const id = 'slider-name-present';
@@ -72,21 +75,6 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     }
   }
 
-  function buildLabelForMap(doc) {
-    const map = new Map(); // id -> label element (first)
-    try {
-      const labels = doc && doc.getElementsByTagName ? doc.getElementsByTagName('label') : [];
-      for (let i = 0; i < labels.length; i += 1) {
-        const lab = labels[i];
-        if (!lab || !lab.getAttribute) continue;
-        const f = normalizeWs(lab.getAttribute('for'));
-        if (!f) continue;
-        if (!map.has(f)) map.set(f, lab);
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    return map;
-  }
-
   function getConservativeSubtreeText(document, container) {
     // "Name from content", recurses into descendants and uses each one's
     // own accessible name (img alt, aria-label/aria-labelledby, title) when
@@ -176,41 +164,27 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     ? helpers.queryAllSmart(selector)
     : helpers.queryAll(selector);
 
-  // Precompute label[for] map for native range inputs.
-  const labelForMap = buildLabelForMap(document);
-
+  // Delegates to the shared, spec-guarded lookup (dom-helpers.js's
+  // getAssociatedLabelElements): a <label> -- wrapping or via `for` --
+  // only ever associates with a genuinely labelable element, so this
+  // correctly returns nothing for role-only widgets a <label> merely sits
+  // next to, and the real thing for a labelable element like
+  // <input type="range">.
   function getNativeLabelText(el) {
+    if (!helpers || typeof helpers.getAssociatedLabelElements !== 'function') return '';
+    let labels;
     try {
-      if ('labels' in el && el.labels && el.labels.length) {
-        const parts = [];
-        const max = Math.min(4, el.labels.length);
-        for (let i = 0; i < max; i += 1) {
-          const lab = el.labels[i];
-          const t = lab ? getLabelText(lab) : '';
-          if (t) parts.push(t);
-        }
-        const joined = normalizeWs(parts.join(' '));
-        if (joined) return joined;
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    try {
-      if (el.closest) {
-        const wrap = el.closest('label');
-        if (wrap) {
-          const t = getLabelText(wrap);
-          if (t) return t;
-        }
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    try {
-      const idAttr = getAttr(el, 'id');
-      if (idAttr && labelForMap.has(idAttr)) {
-        const lab = labelForMap.get(idAttr);
-        const t = lab ? getLabelText(lab) : '';
-        if (t) return t;
-      }
-    } catch {}
-    return '';
+      labels = helpers.getAssociatedLabelElements(el) || [];
+    } catch {
+      labels = [];
+    }
+    const parts = [];
+    const max = Math.min(4, labels.length);
+    for (let i = 0; i < max; i += 1) {
+      const t = getLabelText(labels[i]);
+      if (t) parts.push(t);
+    }
+    return normalizeWs(parts.join(' '));
   }
 
   function evaluate(el, kind) {
@@ -223,10 +197,22 @@ function runInPage(ctx) {
     const title = getAttr(el, 'title');
     if (title) return { ok: true, method: 'title' };
 
-    if (kind === 'native-slider') {
-      const lab = getNativeLabelText(el);
-      if (lab) return { ok: true, method: 'label' };
-      return { ok: false, method: 'none' };
+    // An associated <label> names any labelable host, whether it is a
+    // native <input type="range"> or carries role="slider"
+    // (<input type="number" role="slider">); getAssociatedLabelElements
+    // returns nothing for a non-labelable one.
+    const lab = getNativeLabelText(el);
+    if (lab) return { ok: true, method: 'label' };
+    if (kind === 'native-slider') return { ok: false, method: 'none' };
+
+    // HTML-AAM's last name source for a text-like <input> or a <textarea>,
+    // after title: the placeholder. A placeholder-only label is a 3.3.2
+    // question, not a missing name.
+    if (helpers.getNativeHostNameInfo) {
+      try {
+        const host = helpers.getNativeHostNameInfo(el, ctx, { placeholder: true });
+        if (host && host.present) return { ok: true, method: host.mechanism };
+      } catch {}
     }
 
     // role="slider" is name-from-author-only per WAI-ARIA (unlike e.g.