@su-record/vibe 2.9.21 → 2.9.23

package/vibe/rules/standards/anti-patterns.md

@@ -1,541 +1,541 @@
-# Automatic Anti-Pattern Avoidance
-
-## TypeScript Anti-Patterns
-
-### 1. Using any Type
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Using any
-function processData(data: any) {
-  return data.value; // Loss of type safety
-}
-
-// ✅ unknown + type guard
-function processData(data: unknown) {
-  if (isValidData(data)) {
-    return data.value; // Type safe
-  }
-  throw new Error('Invalid data');
-}
-
-function isValidData(data: unknown): data is { value: string } {
-  return typeof data === 'object' && data !== null && 'value' in data;
-}
-```
-
-### 2. Forced Type Casting with as any
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Bypassing types with as any
-const user = response as any;
-user.name; // Runtime error risk
-
-// ✅ Proper type definition
-interface User {
-  name: string;
-  email: string;
-}
-
-const user = response as User;
-user.name; // Type safe
-```
-
-### 3. Overusing @ts-ignore
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Ignoring errors with @ts-ignore
-// @ts-ignore
-const result = problematicCode();
-
-// ✅ Fix the type issue at its root
-interface Expected {
-  id: string;
-}
-
-const result: Expected = {
-  id: String(problematicCode()),
-};
-```
-
-## React Anti-Patterns
-
-### 1. Using dangerouslySetInnerHTML
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ XSS vulnerability
-function Component({ html }: { html: string }) {
-  return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: html }} />;
-}
-
-// ✅ Safe rendering
-import DOMPurify from 'dompurify';
-
-function Component({ html }: { html: string }) {
-  const sanitized = DOMPurify.sanitize(html);
-  return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: sanitized }} />;
-}
-
-// ✅ Better approach: Use markdown library
-import ReactMarkdown from 'react-markdown';
-
-function Component({ markdown }: { markdown: string }) {
-  return <ReactMarkdown>{markdown}</ReactMarkdown>;
-}
-```
-
-### 2. Props Drilling (More than 3 levels)
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Props drilling
-function App() {
-  const [user, setUser] = useState<User>();
-  return <Parent user={user} />;
-}
-
-function Parent({ user }: { user: User }) {
-  return <Child user={user} />;
-}
-
-function Child({ user }: { user: User }) {
-  return <GrandChild user={user} />;
-}
-
-function GrandChild({ user }: { user: User }) {
-  return <div>{user.name}</div>;
-}
-
-// ✅ Use Context API
-const UserContext = createContext<User | undefined>(undefined);
-
-function App() {
-  const [user, setUser] = useState<User>();
-  return (
-    <UserContext.Provider value={user}>
-      <Parent />
-    </UserContext.Provider>
-  );
-}
-
-function GrandChild() {
-  const user = useContext(UserContext);
-  return <div>{user?.name}</div>;
-}
-```
-
-### 3. Missing useEffect Dependency Array
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Missing dependency
-function Component({ userId }: { userId: string }) {
-  const [user, setUser] = useState<User>();
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    fetchUser(userId).then(setUser);
-  }, []); // Missing userId dependency!
-
-  return <div>{user?.name}</div>;
-}
-
-// ✅ Specify all dependencies
-function Component({ userId }: { userId: string }) {
-  const [user, setUser] = useState<User>();
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    fetchUser(userId).then(setUser);
-  }, [userId]); // Dependency specified
-
-  return <div>{user?.name}</div>;
-}
-```
-
-## JavaScript Anti-Patterns
-
-### 1. Using var
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Using var
-var count = 0;
-if (true) {
-  var count = 1; // Same variable!
-}
-console.log(count); // 1
-
-// ✅ Use const/let
-let count = 0;
-if (true) {
-  let count = 1; // Block scope
-}
-console.log(count); // 0
-```
-
-### 2. Using == (Loose Comparison)
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Using ==
-if (value == null) { } // Also matches undefined
-if ('5' == 5) { }      // true (type coercion)
-
-// ✅ Use ===
-if (value === null) { }
-if (value === undefined) { }
-if ('5' === 5) { }     // false
-```
-
-### 3. Using eval()
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Using eval() (security risk)
-const code = userInput;
-eval(code); // Can execute arbitrary code
-
-// ✅ Alternative implementation
-const allowedOperations = {
-  add: (a: number, b: number) => a + b,
-  subtract: (a: number, b: number) => a - b,
-};
-
-const operation = allowedOperations[userInput];
-if (operation) {
-  result = operation(a, b);
-}
-```
-
-## CSS Anti-Patterns
-
-### 1. Overusing !important
-
-```css
-/* ❌ Overusing !important */
-.button {
-  color: blue !important;
-  background: red !important;
-}
-
-/* ✅ Use specific selectors */
-.navigation .button.primary {
-  color: blue;
-  background: red;
-}
-```
-
-### 2. Overusing Inline Styles
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Inline styles
-function Button() {
-  return (
-    <button
-      style={{
-        backgroundColor: 'blue',
-        color: 'white',
-        padding: '10px',
-        borderRadius: '5px',
-      }}
-    >
-      Click me
-    </button>
-  );
-}
-
-// ✅ Use CSS classes
-function Button() {
-  return <button className="btn-primary">Click me</button>;
-}
-
-// styles.css
-.btn-primary {
-  background-color: blue;
-  color: white;
-  padding: 10px;
-  border-radius: 5px;
-}
-```
-
-## Performance Anti-Patterns
-
-### 1. Unnecessary Re-renders
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Creating new objects/functions every render
-function Parent() {
-  return <Child config={{ theme: 'dark' }} onClick={() => {}} />;
-  // New object/function created every render → Child re-renders
-}
-
-// ✅ Use useMemo/useCallback
-function Parent() {
-  const config = useMemo(() => ({ theme: 'dark' }), []);
-  const handleClick = useCallback(() => {}, []);
-
-  return <Child config={config} onClick={handleClick} />;
-}
-```
-
-### 2. Synchronous Heavy Computations
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Blocking main thread
-function Component({ data }: { data: number[] }) {
-  const result = data
-    .map(heavyComputation)
-    .filter(x => x > 0)
-    .reduce((a, b) => a + b);
-
-  return <div>{result}</div>;
-}
-
-// ✅ Memoization with useMemo
-function Component({ data }: { data: number[] }) {
-  const result = useMemo(
-    () =>
-      data
-        .map(heavyComputation)
-        .filter(x => x > 0)
-        .reduce((a, b) => a + b),
-    [data]
-  );
-
-  return <div>{result}</div>;
-}
-```
-
-## Security Anti-Patterns
-
-### 1. Hardcoding Sensitive Information
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Hardcoded API key
-const API_KEY = 'sk-1234567890abcdef';
-
-// ✅ Use environment variables
-const API_KEY = process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_API_KEY;
-```
-
-### 2. SQL Injection Vulnerability
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Direct string concatenation
-const query = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ${userId}`;
-
-// ✅ Parameterized query
-const query = 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?';
-db.execute(query, [userId]);
-```
-
-## Immutability Anti-Patterns
-
-### 1. Direct State Mutation
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Directly mutating state
-const [user, setUser] = useState({ name: 'John', age: 30 });
-
-function updateAge() {
-  user.age = 31; // Direct mutation!
-  setUser(user); // React won't detect the change
-}
-
-// ✅ Use spread operator for immutable update
-function updateAge() {
-  setUser({ ...user, age: 31 }); // New object created
-}
-
-// ✅ Or use functional update
-function updateAge() {
-  setUser(prev => ({ ...prev, age: prev.age + 1 }));
-}
-```
-
-### 2. Array Mutation Methods
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Mutating array methods
-const [items, setItems] = useState(['a', 'b', 'c']);
-
-function addItem(item: string) {
-  items.push(item); // Mutates original array!
-  setItems(items);
-}
-
-function removeItem(index: number) {
-  items.splice(index, 1); // Mutates original array!
-  setItems(items);
-}
-
-// ✅ Immutable array operations
-function addItem(item: string) {
-  setItems([...items, item]); // Spread creates new array
-}
-
-function removeItem(index: number) {
-  setItems(items.filter((_, i) => i !== index)); // filter returns new array
-}
-
-function updateItem(index: number, newValue: string) {
-  setItems(items.map((item, i) => i === index ? newValue : item));
-}
-```
-
-### 3. Nested Object Mutation
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Deeply nested mutation
-const [state, setState] = useState({
-  user: {
-    profile: {
-      name: 'John',
-      settings: { theme: 'dark' }
-    }
-  }
-});
-
-function updateTheme(theme: string) {
-  state.user.profile.settings.theme = theme; // Deep mutation!
-  setState(state);
-}
-
-// ✅ Immutable deep update
-function updateTheme(theme: string) {
-  setState({
-    ...state,
-    user: {
-      ...state.user,
-      profile: {
-        ...state.user.profile,
-        settings: {
-          ...state.user.profile.settings,
-          theme
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  });
-}
-
-// ✅ Better: Use immer for complex updates
-import { produce } from 'immer';
-
-function updateTheme(theme: string) {
-  setState(produce(draft => {
-    draft.user.profile.settings.theme = theme; // Safe with immer
-  }));
-}
-```
-
-### 4. Object.assign Misuse
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Object.assign mutating first argument
-const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
-const updated = Object.assign(original, { b: 3 }); // Mutates original!
-
-// ✅ Use empty object as first argument
-const updated = Object.assign({}, original, { b: 3 });
-
-// ✅ Or use spread (preferred)
-const updated = { ...original, b: 3 };
-```
-
-### 5. Reducer State Mutation
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Mutating state in reducer
-function reducer(state: State, action: Action) {
-  switch (action.type) {
-    case 'ADD_ITEM':
-      state.items.push(action.payload); // Mutation!
-      return state;
-    default:
-      return state;
-  }
-}
-
-// ✅ Return new state
-function reducer(state: State, action: Action) {
-  switch (action.type) {
-    case 'ADD_ITEM':
-      return {
-        ...state,
-        items: [...state.items, action.payload]
-      };
-    default:
-      return state;
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### 6. Mutating Function Parameters
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Mutating input parameter
-function addTimestamp(data: Record<string, unknown>) {
-  data.timestamp = Date.now(); // Mutates caller's object!
-  return data;
-}
-
-// ✅ Create new object
-function addTimestamp(data: Record<string, unknown>) {
-  return {
-    ...data,
-    timestamp: Date.now()
-  };
-}
-```
-
-### Immutable Methods Reference
-
-| Mutating (Avoid) | Immutable (Use) |
-|------------------|-----------------|
-| `push()` | `[...arr, item]` |
-| `pop()` | `arr.slice(0, -1)` |
-| `shift()` | `arr.slice(1)` |
-| `unshift()` | `[item, ...arr]` |
-| `splice()` | `filter()` / `slice()` + spread |
-| `sort()` | `[...arr].sort()` |
-| `reverse()` | `[...arr].reverse()` |
-| `obj.prop = x` | `{ ...obj, prop: x }` |
-
-## Error Handling Anti-Patterns
-
-### 1. Empty catch Block
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Ignoring errors
-try {
-  riskyOperation();
-} catch (e) {
-  // Does nothing
-}
-
-// ✅ Proper error handling
-try {
-  riskyOperation();
-} catch (error) {
-  console.error('Operation failed:', error);
-  showErrorNotification(error);
-  trackError(error);
-}
-```
-
-### 2. Handling Without Error Type Check
-
-```typescript
-// ❌ Treating all errors the same
-try {
-  await fetchData();
-} catch (error) {
-  showError('Failed'); // Not specific
-}
-
-// ✅ Handle by error type
-try {
-  await fetchData();
-} catch (error) {
-  if (error instanceof NetworkError) {
-    showError('Please check your network connection');
-  } else if (error instanceof AuthError) {
-    redirectToLogin();
-  } else {
-    showError('An unknown error occurred');
-  }
-}
-```
+# Automatic Anti-Pattern Avoidance
+
+## TypeScript Anti-Patterns
+
+### 1. Using any Type
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Using any
+function processData(data: any) {
+  return data.value; // Loss of type safety
+}
+
+// ✅ unknown + type guard
+function processData(data: unknown) {
+  if (isValidData(data)) {
+    return data.value; // Type safe
+  }
+  throw new Error('Invalid data');
+}
+
+function isValidData(data: unknown): data is { value: string } {
+  return typeof data === 'object' && data !== null && 'value' in data;
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Forced Type Casting with as any
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Bypassing types with as any
+const user = response as any;
+user.name; // Runtime error risk
+
+// ✅ Proper type definition
+interface User {
+  name: string;
+  email: string;
+}
+
+const user = response as User;
+user.name; // Type safe
+```
+
+### 3. Overusing @ts-ignore
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Ignoring errors with @ts-ignore
+// @ts-ignore
+const result = problematicCode();
+
+// ✅ Fix the type issue at its root
+interface Expected {
+  id: string;
+}
+
+const result: Expected = {
+  id: String(problematicCode()),
+};
+```
+
+## React Anti-Patterns
+
+### 1. Using dangerouslySetInnerHTML
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ XSS vulnerability
+function Component({ html }: { html: string }) {
+  return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: html }} />;
+}
+
+// ✅ Safe rendering
+import DOMPurify from 'dompurify';
+
+function Component({ html }: { html: string }) {
+  const sanitized = DOMPurify.sanitize(html);
+  return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: sanitized }} />;
+}
+
+// ✅ Better approach: Use markdown library
+import ReactMarkdown from 'react-markdown';
+
+function Component({ markdown }: { markdown: string }) {
+  return <ReactMarkdown>{markdown}</ReactMarkdown>;
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Props Drilling (More than 3 levels)
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Props drilling
+function App() {
+  const [user, setUser] = useState<User>();
+  return <Parent user={user} />;
+}
+
+function Parent({ user }: { user: User }) {
+  return <Child user={user} />;
+}
+
+function Child({ user }: { user: User }) {
+  return <GrandChild user={user} />;
+}
+
+function GrandChild({ user }: { user: User }) {
+  return <div>{user.name}</div>;
+}
+
+// ✅ Use Context API
+const UserContext = createContext<User | undefined>(undefined);
+
+function App() {
+  const [user, setUser] = useState<User>();
+  return (
+    <UserContext.Provider value={user}>
+      <Parent />
+    </UserContext.Provider>
+  );
+}
+
+function GrandChild() {
+  const user = useContext(UserContext);
+  return <div>{user?.name}</div>;
+}
+```
+
+### 3. Missing useEffect Dependency Array
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Missing dependency
+function Component({ userId }: { userId: string }) {
+  const [user, setUser] = useState<User>();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetchUser(userId).then(setUser);
+  }, []); // Missing userId dependency!
+
+  return <div>{user?.name}</div>;
+}
+
+// ✅ Specify all dependencies
+function Component({ userId }: { userId: string }) {
+  const [user, setUser] = useState<User>();
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetchUser(userId).then(setUser);
+  }, [userId]); // Dependency specified
+
+  return <div>{user?.name}</div>;
+}
+```
+
+## JavaScript Anti-Patterns
+
+### 1. Using var
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Using var
+var count = 0;
+if (true) {
+  var count = 1; // Same variable!
+}
+console.log(count); // 1
+
+// ✅ Use const/let
+let count = 0;
+if (true) {
+  let count = 1; // Block scope
+}
+console.log(count); // 0
+```
+
+### 2. Using == (Loose Comparison)
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Using ==
+if (value == null) { } // Also matches undefined
+if ('5' == 5) { }      // true (type coercion)
+
+// ✅ Use ===
+if (value === null) { }
+if (value === undefined) { }
+if ('5' === 5) { }     // false
+```
+
+### 3. Using eval()
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Using eval() (security risk)
+const code = userInput;
+eval(code); // Can execute arbitrary code
+
+// ✅ Alternative implementation
+const allowedOperations = {
+  add: (a: number, b: number) => a + b,
+  subtract: (a: number, b: number) => a - b,
+};
+
+const operation = allowedOperations[userInput];
+if (operation) {
+  result = operation(a, b);
+}
+```
+
+## CSS Anti-Patterns
+
+### 1. Overusing !important
+
+```css
+/* ❌ Overusing !important */
+.button {
+  color: blue !important;
+  background: red !important;
+}
+
+/* ✅ Use specific selectors */
+.navigation .button.primary {
+  color: blue;
+  background: red;
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Overusing Inline Styles
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Inline styles
+function Button() {
+  return (
+    <button
+      style={{
+        backgroundColor: 'blue',
+        color: 'white',
+        padding: '10px',
+        borderRadius: '5px',
+      }}
+    >
+      Click me
+    </button>
+  );
+}
+
+// ✅ Use CSS classes
+function Button() {
+  return <button className="btn-primary">Click me</button>;
+}
+
+// styles.css
+.btn-primary {
+  background-color: blue;
+  color: white;
+  padding: 10px;
+  border-radius: 5px;
+}
+```
+
+## Performance Anti-Patterns
+
+### 1. Unnecessary Re-renders
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Creating new objects/functions every render
+function Parent() {
+  return <Child config={{ theme: 'dark' }} onClick={() => {}} />;
+  // New object/function created every render → Child re-renders
+}
+
+// ✅ Use useMemo/useCallback
+function Parent() {
+  const config = useMemo(() => ({ theme: 'dark' }), []);
+  const handleClick = useCallback(() => {}, []);
+
+  return <Child config={config} onClick={handleClick} />;
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Synchronous Heavy Computations
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Blocking main thread
+function Component({ data }: { data: number[] }) {
+  const result = data
+    .map(heavyComputation)
+    .filter(x => x > 0)
+    .reduce((a, b) => a + b);
+
+  return <div>{result}</div>;
+}
+
+// ✅ Memoization with useMemo
+function Component({ data }: { data: number[] }) {
+  const result = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      data
+        .map(heavyComputation)
+        .filter(x => x > 0)
+        .reduce((a, b) => a + b),
+    [data]
+  );
+
+  return <div>{result}</div>;
+}
+```
+
+## Security Anti-Patterns
+
+### 1. Hardcoding Sensitive Information
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Hardcoded API key
+const API_KEY = 'sk-1234567890abcdef';
+
+// ✅ Use environment variables
+const API_KEY = process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_API_KEY;
+```
+
+### 2. SQL Injection Vulnerability
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Direct string concatenation
+const query = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ${userId}`;
+
+// ✅ Parameterized query
+const query = 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?';
+db.execute(query, [userId]);
+```
+
+## Immutability Anti-Patterns
+
+### 1. Direct State Mutation
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Directly mutating state
+const [user, setUser] = useState({ name: 'John', age: 30 });
+
+function updateAge() {
+  user.age = 31; // Direct mutation!
+  setUser(user); // React won't detect the change
+}
+
+// ✅ Use spread operator for immutable update
+function updateAge() {
+  setUser({ ...user, age: 31 }); // New object created
+}
+
+// ✅ Or use functional update
+function updateAge() {
+  setUser(prev => ({ ...prev, age: prev.age + 1 }));
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Array Mutation Methods
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Mutating array methods
+const [items, setItems] = useState(['a', 'b', 'c']);
+
+function addItem(item: string) {
+  items.push(item); // Mutates original array!
+  setItems(items);
+}
+
+function removeItem(index: number) {
+  items.splice(index, 1); // Mutates original array!
+  setItems(items);
+}
+
+// ✅ Immutable array operations
+function addItem(item: string) {
+  setItems([...items, item]); // Spread creates new array
+}
+
+function removeItem(index: number) {
+  setItems(items.filter((_, i) => i !== index)); // filter returns new array
+}
+
+function updateItem(index: number, newValue: string) {
+  setItems(items.map((item, i) => i === index ? newValue : item));
+}
+```
+
+### 3. Nested Object Mutation
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Deeply nested mutation
+const [state, setState] = useState({
+  user: {
+    profile: {
+      name: 'John',
+      settings: { theme: 'dark' }
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+function updateTheme(theme: string) {
+  state.user.profile.settings.theme = theme; // Deep mutation!
+  setState(state);
+}
+
+// ✅ Immutable deep update
+function updateTheme(theme: string) {
+  setState({
+    ...state,
+    user: {
+      ...state.user,
+      profile: {
+        ...state.user.profile,
+        settings: {
+          ...state.user.profile.settings,
+          theme
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+// ✅ Better: Use immer for complex updates
+import { produce } from 'immer';
+
+function updateTheme(theme: string) {
+  setState(produce(draft => {
+    draft.user.profile.settings.theme = theme; // Safe with immer
+  }));
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Object.assign Misuse
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Object.assign mutating first argument
+const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
+const updated = Object.assign(original, { b: 3 }); // Mutates original!
+
+// ✅ Use empty object as first argument
+const updated = Object.assign({}, original, { b: 3 });
+
+// ✅ Or use spread (preferred)
+const updated = { ...original, b: 3 };
+```
+
+### 5. Reducer State Mutation
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Mutating state in reducer
+function reducer(state: State, action: Action) {
+  switch (action.type) {
+    case 'ADD_ITEM':
+      state.items.push(action.payload); // Mutation!
+      return state;
+    default:
+      return state;
+  }
+}
+
+// ✅ Return new state
+function reducer(state: State, action: Action) {
+  switch (action.type) {
+    case 'ADD_ITEM':
+      return {
+        ...state,
+        items: [...state.items, action.payload]
+      };
+    default:
+      return state;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 6. Mutating Function Parameters
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Mutating input parameter
+function addTimestamp(data: Record<string, unknown>) {
+  data.timestamp = Date.now(); // Mutates caller's object!
+  return data;
+}
+
+// ✅ Create new object
+function addTimestamp(data: Record<string, unknown>) {
+  return {
+    ...data,
+    timestamp: Date.now()
+  };
+}
+```
+
+### Immutable Methods Reference
+
+| Mutating (Avoid) | Immutable (Use) |
+|------------------|-----------------|
+| `push()` | `[...arr, item]` |
+| `pop()` | `arr.slice(0, -1)` |
+| `shift()` | `arr.slice(1)` |
+| `unshift()` | `[item, ...arr]` |
+| `splice()` | `filter()` / `slice()` + spread |
+| `sort()` | `[...arr].sort()` |
+| `reverse()` | `[...arr].reverse()` |
+| `obj.prop = x` | `{ ...obj, prop: x }` |
+
+## Error Handling Anti-Patterns
+
+### 1. Empty catch Block
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Ignoring errors
+try {
+  riskyOperation();
+} catch (e) {
+  // Does nothing
+}
+
+// ✅ Proper error handling
+try {
+  riskyOperation();
+} catch (error) {
+  console.error('Operation failed:', error);
+  showErrorNotification(error);
+  trackError(error);
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Handling Without Error Type Check
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ Treating all errors the same
+try {
+  await fetchData();
+} catch (error) {
+  showError('Failed'); // Not specific
+}
+
+// ✅ Handle by error type
+try {
+  await fetchData();
+} catch (error) {
+  if (error instanceof NetworkError) {
+    showError('Please check your network connection');
+  } else if (error instanceof AuthError) {
+    redirectToLogin();
+  } else {
+    showError('An unknown error occurred');
+  }
+}
+```