@su-record/vibe 2.8.52 → 2.9.1

package/skills/ui-ux-pro-max/reference/responsive-design.md

@@ -1,463 +1,463 @@
-# Responsive Design Reference
-
-Deep reference for building layouts that adapt to any screen, input method, and environment. Covers mobile-first methodology, breakpoint strategy, input modality, safe areas, images, typography scaling, and container queries.
-
----
-
-## Mobile-First Development
-
-### The Core Principle
-
-Write base styles for the smallest viewport first, then use `min-width` media queries to add complexity as space increases. This is progressive enhancement applied to layout.
-
-The inverse approach — starting at desktop and overriding down — produces larger CSS, more specificity conflicts, and worse performance on mobile because the browser must parse and then undo rules.
-
-```css
-/* Wrong: desktop-first with max-width overrides */
-.card {
-  display: grid;
-  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
-}
-@media (max-width: 768px) {
-  .card { display: block; } /* fighting the cascade */
-}
-
-/* Correct: mobile-first with min-width additions */
-.card {
-  display: block; /* single column by default */
-}
-@media (min-width: 768px) {
-  .card {
-    display: grid;
-    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
-  }
-}
-```
-
-In Tailwind, unprefixed utilities are the mobile base. Prefixes add styles at and above a breakpoint.
-
-```html
-<!-- Single column on mobile, two columns from md (768px) up -->
-<div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3">
-```
-
-### Progressive Enhancement in Practice
-
-Start with the content working at any width, then layer layout, then layer decoration.
-
-1. Content: readable text, visible images, working links — no CSS required
-2. Layout: flexbox/grid for spatial organization
-3. Enhancement: hover effects, transitions, complex grid areas
-
-### DO / DON'T
-
-- DO write all base styles without a media query — that is your mobile design.
-- DO load critical CSS inline and defer large layout stylesheets where possible.
-- DON'T use `max-width` media queries in a mobile-first system; they fight the cascade.
-- DON'T assume "mobile" means "slow" — optimize for network conditions, not device class.
-
----
-
-## Content-Driven Breakpoints
-
-### Break Where Content Breaks
-
-Breakpoints should be chosen by observing where the layout becomes uncomfortable, not by matching known device widths. Devices change; content layout patterns are more stable.
-
-The practical test: drag your browser window smaller. The moment the content looks wrong — text becomes too long, an image becomes too narrow, a navigation link wraps — that is your breakpoint.
-
-```css
-/* Content-driven: this nav breaks at the point it wraps, not at 768px */
-@media (min-width: 52rem) { /* ~832px at 16px base */
-  .primary-nav {
-    display: flex;
-    gap: 1.5rem;
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Naming Breakpoints Semantically
-
-Avoid naming breakpoints after devices (`iphone`, `ipad`). Name them after layout roles.
-
-```css
-/* In a design token file */
-:root {
-  --bp-compact: 375px;
-  --bp-medium: 768px;
-  --bp-wide: 1024px;
-  --bp-ultrawide: 1440px;
-}
-```
-
-In Tailwind, extend the theme rather than using arbitrary values to maintain consistency.
-
-```js
-// tailwind.config.js
-export default {
-  theme: {
-    screens: {
-      sm: '375px',
-      md: '768px',
-      lg: '1024px',
-      xl: '1440px',
-    },
-  },
-};
-```
-
-### DO / DON'T
-
-- DO add a breakpoint only when the content demands one.
-- DO name breakpoints by their layout role, not by device names.
-- DON'T add breakpoints at `320px`, `480px`, `768px`, `1024px` by habit — verify each one is needed.
-- DON'T target a specific device's dimensions; target your content's natural limits.
-
----
-
-## Reference Breakpoint Values
-
-These four values cover the overwhelming majority of real-world layouts. They are starting points, not mandates.
-
-| Name | Width | Typical use |
-|------|-------|-------------|
-| Mobile | 375px | Single-column, stacked navigation, full-width cards |
-| Tablet | 768px | Two-column grid, side-by-side cards, visible sidebar |
-| Desktop | 1024px | Three-column grid, persistent sidebar, expanded navigation |
-| Wide | 1440px | Max-width container centered with side gutters |
-
-### Max-Width Container Pattern
-
-Prevent layouts from becoming too wide on large screens by constraining the content column.
-
-```css
-.container {
-  width: 100%;
-  max-width: 1440px;
-  margin-inline: auto;
-  padding-inline: clamp(1rem, 5vw, 4rem);
-}
-```
-
-```html
-<!-- Tailwind equivalent -->
-<div class="w-full max-w-screen-xl mx-auto px-4 md:px-8 xl:px-16">
-```
-
-### DO / DON'T
-
-- DO set a `max-width` on your primary content container — unconstrained line lengths harm readability.
-- DO use `padding-inline` (logical properties) for horizontal rhythm.
-- DON'T center content with `margin: 0 auto` without a `max-width` — it has no effect on full-width elements.
-
----
-
-## Input Modality
-
-### Detecting Touch vs. Mouse
-
-The `pointer` and `hover` media features detect the primary input device's capabilities, not the device class. A tablet with a mouse attached is `pointer: fine`.
-
-```css
-/* Expand targets for coarse pointers (touch) */
-@media (pointer: coarse) {
-  .btn {
-    min-height: 44px;
-    padding-block: 0.75rem;
-  }
-}
-
-/* Rich hover effects only for devices that support hover */
-@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
-  .card:hover {
-    transform: translateY(-2px);
-    box-shadow: var(--shadow-raised);
-  }
-}
-```
-
-In Tailwind, use arbitrary media query variants or custom plugins:
-
-```html
-<!-- Show only on hover-capable devices -->
-<button class="[@media(hover:hover)]:hover:bg-blue-600">
-```
-
-### The `any-pointer` and `any-hover` Features
-
-On hybrid devices (e.g., a Surface with both touch and stylus), `any-pointer: fine` is true even if `pointer: coarse` is the primary input. Use `any-pointer` to check whether any available input can be precise.
-
-```css
-/* Provide fine controls if any precision pointing device is available */
-@media (any-pointer: fine) {
-  .resize-handle { display: block; }
-}
-```
-
-### DO / DON'T
-
-- DO use `(hover: hover) and (pointer: fine)` together — hover alone matches touch on some platforms.
-- DO test on real touch devices; DevTools device emulation does not always replicate touch behavior accurately.
-- DON'T add hover effects that reveal critical information — they are inaccessible on touch devices.
-- DON'T assume a narrow viewport means a touch device.
-
----
-
-## Safe Areas
-
-### Notches, Dynamic Island, and Home Indicators
-
-Modern mobile devices cut into the viewport with sensors and virtual home indicators. Content placed at the screen edges without accounting for these insets will be obscured.
-
-```css
-/* Opt in to the full screen area first */
-html {
-  /* Without this, safe area insets are always 0 */
-}
-/* Must be set on viewport meta: content="viewport-fit=cover" */
-
-.header {
-  padding-top: env(safe-area-inset-top);
-}
-
-.bottom-nav {
-  padding-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom);
-}
-
-.sidebar {
-  padding-left: env(safe-area-inset-left);
-}
-```
-
-```html
-<!-- Required meta tag in <head> -->
-<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover">
-```
-
-### Combining with Existing Padding
-
-Use `calc()` to add safe area insets on top of existing padding rather than replacing it.
-
-```css
-.bottom-sheet {
-  padding-bottom: calc(1.5rem + env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
-}
-```
-
-In Tailwind, use arbitrary values:
-
-```html
-<nav class="pb-[calc(1rem+env(safe-area-inset-bottom))]">
-```
-
-### DO / DON'T
-
-- DO set `viewport-fit=cover` in the meta viewport tag to make `env()` values non-zero.
-- DO add safe area insets to existing padding with `calc()`, not as replacements.
-- DON'T apply safe area insets to every element — apply them only to edge-anchored containers.
-- DON'T test only in DevTools — test on a physical device with a notch.
-
----
-
-## Responsive Images
-
-### `srcset` and `sizes`
-
-The browser chooses the best image source; your job is to describe the candidates and the display size.
-
-```html
-<!-- Resolution switching: same image, different sizes -->
-<img
-  src="photo-800.jpg"
-  srcset="
-    photo-400.jpg  400w,
-    photo-800.jpg  800w,
-    photo-1600.jpg 1600w
-  "
-  sizes="
-    (max-width: 767px) 100vw,
-    (max-width: 1023px) 50vw,
-    33vw
-  "
-  alt="Description of photo"
-  loading="lazy"
-  decoding="async"
-/>
-```
-
-`sizes` tells the browser how wide the image will be rendered before it downloads any CSS. Match it to your actual layout.
-
-### Art Direction with `<picture>`
-
-When the composition must change at different sizes (e.g., a wide landscape crop on desktop, a tight portrait crop on mobile), use `<picture>`.
-
-```html
-<picture>
-  <source
-    media="(min-width: 1024px)"
-    srcset="hero-landscape-1600.webp 1600w, hero-landscape-800.webp 800w"
-    type="image/webp"
-  />
-  <source
-    media="(min-width: 768px)"
-    srcset="hero-square-800.webp"
-    type="image/webp"
-  />
-  <img
-    src="hero-portrait-400.jpg"
-    srcset="hero-portrait-400.jpg 400w, hero-portrait-800.jpg 800w"
-    alt="Hero image"
-    loading="eager"
-  />
-</picture>
-```
-
-### Modern Formats
-
-Serve WebP or AVIF with JPEG/PNG fallback. AVIF is ~50% smaller than JPEG at equivalent quality. Use `<picture>` type switching to serve the best format the browser supports.
-
-### DO / DON'T
-
-- DO always write `alt` text on `<img>` — empty string is correct for decorative images.
-- DO use `loading="lazy"` for below-the-fold images and `loading="eager"` for above-the-fold.
-- DON'T set `sizes="100vw"` for every image — calculate the actual rendered width.
-- DON'T use `<picture>` for resolution switching when `srcset` + `sizes` is sufficient.
-
----
-
-## Fluid Typography
-
-### The `clamp()` Function
-
-`clamp(min, preferred, max)` produces a value that scales smoothly between a minimum and maximum based on the viewport width. This eliminates the need for multiple typography breakpoints.
-
-```css
-/* Font size scales from 1rem at 375px to 1.5rem at 1440px */
-:root {
-  --font-size-body: clamp(1rem, 0.75rem + 0.67vw, 1.5rem);
-  --font-size-h1: clamp(1.75rem, 1.25rem + 2.13vw, 3.5rem);
-  --font-size-h2: clamp(1.375rem, 1rem + 1.6vw, 2.5rem);
-}
-
-body { font-size: var(--font-size-body); }
-h1   { font-size: var(--font-size-h1); }
-h2   { font-size: var(--font-size-h2); }
-```
-
-### Calculating the Preferred Value
-
-The linear interpolation formula for `clamp()`:
-
-```
-preferred = minSize + (maxSize - minSize) * (100vw - minVp) / (maxVp - minVp)
-```
-
-Simplified as a CSS calc (using unitless vw slope):
-
-```css
-/* Scales from 16px at 375px viewport to 20px at 1440px */
-font-size: clamp(1rem, calc(0.75rem + 1.07vw), 1.25rem);
-```
-
-### Line Length Control
-
-Fluid font sizes work best when paired with a constrained line length (`ch` units are ideal for this).
-
-```css
-.prose {
-  max-width: 70ch;
-  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.5vw, 1.125rem);
-  line-height: 1.6;
-}
-```
-
-### DO / DON'T
-
-- DO set both a `min` and `max` in every `clamp()` to prevent runaway scaling.
-- DO pair fluid type with fluid spacing — use `clamp()` for padding and gaps too.
-- DON'T use viewport units alone (`font-size: 2vw`) without min/max constraints.
-- DON'T fluid-scale every text element — establish a base scale, then derive headings from it.
-
----
-
-## Container Queries
-
-### Why Container Queries
-
-Media queries respond to the viewport. Container queries respond to the size of a parent element. This makes components truly reusable: a card in a wide sidebar behaves differently from the same card in a narrow main column without any global media queries.
-
-```css
-/* Declare the containment context on the parent */
-.card-wrapper {
-  container-type: inline-size;
-  container-name: card;
-}
-
-/* Style the card based on its container's width */
-.card {
-  display: block;
-}
-
-@container card (min-width: 400px) {
-  .card {
-    display: grid;
-    grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr;
-    gap: 1rem;
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Container Query Units
-
-Container queries introduce new viewport-relative units scoped to the container: `cqi` (1% of container inline size), `cqb` (1% of container block size), `cqw`, `cqh`, `cqmin`, `cqmax`.
-
-```css
-@container (min-width: 400px) {
-  .card__title {
-    font-size: clamp(1rem, 4cqi, 1.5rem);
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Nesting and Named Containers
-
-Name containers to target specific ancestors when containers are nested.
-
-```css
-.layout { container-type: inline-size; container-name: layout; }
-.sidebar { container-type: inline-size; container-name: sidebar; }
-
-/* Target layout, not the nearest ancestor */
-@container layout (min-width: 1024px) {
-  .article { padding-inline: 2rem; }
-}
-```
-
-### React Integration Pattern
-
-Pair container queries with a wrapper component to keep the containment declaration co-located with the component.
-
-```tsx
-export function CardContainer({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
-  return (
-    <div className="card-container">
-      {children}
-    </div>
-  );
-}
-```
-
-```css
-.card-container {
-  container-type: inline-size;
-  container-name: card;
-}
-```
-
-### DO / DON'T
-
-- DO use container queries for component-level responsiveness and media queries for page-level layout.
-- DO name containers when nesting container query contexts.
-- DON'T use `container-type: size` unless you need to query block size — `inline-size` is sufficient for most layouts and has less layout impact.
-- DON'T apply `container-type` directly to elements that participate in flex or grid layout — wrap them in a container element.
-- DON'T replace all media queries with container queries; page-level layout (header, sidebar, footer) still belongs in media queries.
+# Responsive Design Reference
+
+Deep reference for building layouts that adapt to any screen, input method, and environment. Covers mobile-first methodology, breakpoint strategy, input modality, safe areas, images, typography scaling, and container queries.
+
+---
+
+## Mobile-First Development
+
+### The Core Principle
+
+Write base styles for the smallest viewport first, then use `min-width` media queries to add complexity as space increases. This is progressive enhancement applied to layout.
+
+The inverse approach — starting at desktop and overriding down — produces larger CSS, more specificity conflicts, and worse performance on mobile because the browser must parse and then undo rules.
+
+```css
+/* Wrong: desktop-first with max-width overrides */
+.card {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+}
+@media (max-width: 768px) {
+  .card { display: block; } /* fighting the cascade */
+}
+
+/* Correct: mobile-first with min-width additions */
+.card {
+  display: block; /* single column by default */
+}
+@media (min-width: 768px) {
+  .card {
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+In Tailwind, unprefixed utilities are the mobile base. Prefixes add styles at and above a breakpoint.
+
+```html
+<!-- Single column on mobile, two columns from md (768px) up -->
+<div class="grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3">
+```
+
+### Progressive Enhancement in Practice
+
+Start with the content working at any width, then layer layout, then layer decoration.
+
+1. Content: readable text, visible images, working links — no CSS required
+2. Layout: flexbox/grid for spatial organization
+3. Enhancement: hover effects, transitions, complex grid areas
+
+### DO / DON'T
+
+- DO write all base styles without a media query — that is your mobile design.
+- DO load critical CSS inline and defer large layout stylesheets where possible.
+- DON'T use `max-width` media queries in a mobile-first system; they fight the cascade.
+- DON'T assume "mobile" means "slow" — optimize for network conditions, not device class.
+
+---
+
+## Content-Driven Breakpoints
+
+### Break Where Content Breaks
+
+Breakpoints should be chosen by observing where the layout becomes uncomfortable, not by matching known device widths. Devices change; content layout patterns are more stable.
+
+The practical test: drag your browser window smaller. The moment the content looks wrong — text becomes too long, an image becomes too narrow, a navigation link wraps — that is your breakpoint.
+
+```css
+/* Content-driven: this nav breaks at the point it wraps, not at 768px */
+@media (min-width: 52rem) { /* ~832px at 16px base */
+  .primary-nav {
+    display: flex;
+    gap: 1.5rem;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Naming Breakpoints Semantically
+
+Avoid naming breakpoints after devices (`iphone`, `ipad`). Name them after layout roles.
+
+```css
+/* In a design token file */
+:root {
+  --bp-compact: 375px;
+  --bp-medium: 768px;
+  --bp-wide: 1024px;
+  --bp-ultrawide: 1440px;
+}
+```
+
+In Tailwind, extend the theme rather than using arbitrary values to maintain consistency.
+
+```js
+// tailwind.config.js
+export default {
+  theme: {
+    screens: {
+      sm: '375px',
+      md: '768px',
+      lg: '1024px',
+      xl: '1440px',
+    },
+  },
+};
+```
+
+### DO / DON'T
+
+- DO add a breakpoint only when the content demands one.
+- DO name breakpoints by their layout role, not by device names.
+- DON'T add breakpoints at `320px`, `480px`, `768px`, `1024px` by habit — verify each one is needed.
+- DON'T target a specific device's dimensions; target your content's natural limits.
+
+---
+
+## Reference Breakpoint Values
+
+These four values cover the overwhelming majority of real-world layouts. They are starting points, not mandates.
+
+| Name | Width | Typical use |
+|------|-------|-------------|
+| Mobile | 375px | Single-column, stacked navigation, full-width cards |
+| Tablet | 768px | Two-column grid, side-by-side cards, visible sidebar |
+| Desktop | 1024px | Three-column grid, persistent sidebar, expanded navigation |
+| Wide | 1440px | Max-width container centered with side gutters |
+
+### Max-Width Container Pattern
+
+Prevent layouts from becoming too wide on large screens by constraining the content column.
+
+```css
+.container {
+  width: 100%;
+  max-width: 1440px;
+  margin-inline: auto;
+  padding-inline: clamp(1rem, 5vw, 4rem);
+}
+```
+
+```html
+<!-- Tailwind equivalent -->
+<div class="w-full max-w-screen-xl mx-auto px-4 md:px-8 xl:px-16">
+```
+
+### DO / DON'T
+
+- DO set a `max-width` on your primary content container — unconstrained line lengths harm readability.
+- DO use `padding-inline` (logical properties) for horizontal rhythm.
+- DON'T center content with `margin: 0 auto` without a `max-width` — it has no effect on full-width elements.
+
+---
+
+## Input Modality
+
+### Detecting Touch vs. Mouse
+
+The `pointer` and `hover` media features detect the primary input device's capabilities, not the device class. A tablet with a mouse attached is `pointer: fine`.
+
+```css
+/* Expand targets for coarse pointers (touch) */
+@media (pointer: coarse) {
+  .btn {
+    min-height: 44px;
+    padding-block: 0.75rem;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Rich hover effects only for devices that support hover */
+@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
+  .card:hover {
+    transform: translateY(-2px);
+    box-shadow: var(--shadow-raised);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+In Tailwind, use arbitrary media query variants or custom plugins:
+
+```html
+<!-- Show only on hover-capable devices -->
+<button class="[@media(hover:hover)]:hover:bg-blue-600">
+```
+
+### The `any-pointer` and `any-hover` Features
+
+On hybrid devices (e.g., a Surface with both touch and stylus), `any-pointer: fine` is true even if `pointer: coarse` is the primary input. Use `any-pointer` to check whether any available input can be precise.
+
+```css
+/* Provide fine controls if any precision pointing device is available */
+@media (any-pointer: fine) {
+  .resize-handle { display: block; }
+}
+```
+
+### DO / DON'T
+
+- DO use `(hover: hover) and (pointer: fine)` together — hover alone matches touch on some platforms.
+- DO test on real touch devices; DevTools device emulation does not always replicate touch behavior accurately.
+- DON'T add hover effects that reveal critical information — they are inaccessible on touch devices.
+- DON'T assume a narrow viewport means a touch device.
+
+---
+
+## Safe Areas
+
+### Notches, Dynamic Island, and Home Indicators
+
+Modern mobile devices cut into the viewport with sensors and virtual home indicators. Content placed at the screen edges without accounting for these insets will be obscured.
+
+```css
+/* Opt in to the full screen area first */
+html {
+  /* Without this, safe area insets are always 0 */
+}
+/* Must be set on viewport meta: content="viewport-fit=cover" */
+
+.header {
+  padding-top: env(safe-area-inset-top);
+}
+
+.bottom-nav {
+  padding-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom);
+}
+
+.sidebar {
+  padding-left: env(safe-area-inset-left);
+}
+```
+
+```html
+<!-- Required meta tag in <head> -->
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover">
+```
+
+### Combining with Existing Padding
+
+Use `calc()` to add safe area insets on top of existing padding rather than replacing it.
+
+```css
+.bottom-sheet {
+  padding-bottom: calc(1.5rem + env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
+}
+```
+
+In Tailwind, use arbitrary values:
+
+```html
+<nav class="pb-[calc(1rem+env(safe-area-inset-bottom))]">
+```
+
+### DO / DON'T
+
+- DO set `viewport-fit=cover` in the meta viewport tag to make `env()` values non-zero.
+- DO add safe area insets to existing padding with `calc()`, not as replacements.
+- DON'T apply safe area insets to every element — apply them only to edge-anchored containers.
+- DON'T test only in DevTools — test on a physical device with a notch.
+
+---
+
+## Responsive Images
+
+### `srcset` and `sizes`
+
+The browser chooses the best image source; your job is to describe the candidates and the display size.
+
+```html
+<!-- Resolution switching: same image, different sizes -->
+<img
+  src="photo-800.jpg"
+  srcset="
+    photo-400.jpg  400w,
+    photo-800.jpg  800w,
+    photo-1600.jpg 1600w
+  "
+  sizes="
+    (max-width: 767px) 100vw,
+    (max-width: 1023px) 50vw,
+    33vw
+  "
+  alt="Description of photo"
+  loading="lazy"
+  decoding="async"
+/>
+```
+
+`sizes` tells the browser how wide the image will be rendered before it downloads any CSS. Match it to your actual layout.
+
+### Art Direction with `<picture>`
+
+When the composition must change at different sizes (e.g., a wide landscape crop on desktop, a tight portrait crop on mobile), use `<picture>`.
+
+```html
+<picture>
+  <source
+    media="(min-width: 1024px)"
+    srcset="hero-landscape-1600.webp 1600w, hero-landscape-800.webp 800w"
+    type="image/webp"
+  />
+  <source
+    media="(min-width: 768px)"
+    srcset="hero-square-800.webp"
+    type="image/webp"
+  />
+  <img
+    src="hero-portrait-400.jpg"
+    srcset="hero-portrait-400.jpg 400w, hero-portrait-800.jpg 800w"
+    alt="Hero image"
+    loading="eager"
+  />
+</picture>
+```
+
+### Modern Formats
+
+Serve WebP or AVIF with JPEG/PNG fallback. AVIF is ~50% smaller than JPEG at equivalent quality. Use `<picture>` type switching to serve the best format the browser supports.
+
+### DO / DON'T
+
+- DO always write `alt` text on `<img>` — empty string is correct for decorative images.
+- DO use `loading="lazy"` for below-the-fold images and `loading="eager"` for above-the-fold.
+- DON'T set `sizes="100vw"` for every image — calculate the actual rendered width.
+- DON'T use `<picture>` for resolution switching when `srcset` + `sizes` is sufficient.
+
+---
+
+## Fluid Typography
+
+### The `clamp()` Function
+
+`clamp(min, preferred, max)` produces a value that scales smoothly between a minimum and maximum based on the viewport width. This eliminates the need for multiple typography breakpoints.
+
+```css
+/* Font size scales from 1rem at 375px to 1.5rem at 1440px */
+:root {
+  --font-size-body: clamp(1rem, 0.75rem + 0.67vw, 1.5rem);
+  --font-size-h1: clamp(1.75rem, 1.25rem + 2.13vw, 3.5rem);
+  --font-size-h2: clamp(1.375rem, 1rem + 1.6vw, 2.5rem);
+}
+
+body { font-size: var(--font-size-body); }
+h1   { font-size: var(--font-size-h1); }
+h2   { font-size: var(--font-size-h2); }
+```
+
+### Calculating the Preferred Value
+
+The linear interpolation formula for `clamp()`:
+
+```
+preferred = minSize + (maxSize - minSize) * (100vw - minVp) / (maxVp - minVp)
+```
+
+Simplified as a CSS calc (using unitless vw slope):
+
+```css
+/* Scales from 16px at 375px viewport to 20px at 1440px */
+font-size: clamp(1rem, calc(0.75rem + 1.07vw), 1.25rem);
+```
+
+### Line Length Control
+
+Fluid font sizes work best when paired with a constrained line length (`ch` units are ideal for this).
+
+```css
+.prose {
+  max-width: 70ch;
+  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.5vw, 1.125rem);
+  line-height: 1.6;
+}
+```
+
+### DO / DON'T
+
+- DO set both a `min` and `max` in every `clamp()` to prevent runaway scaling.
+- DO pair fluid type with fluid spacing — use `clamp()` for padding and gaps too.
+- DON'T use viewport units alone (`font-size: 2vw`) without min/max constraints.
+- DON'T fluid-scale every text element — establish a base scale, then derive headings from it.
+
+---
+
+## Container Queries
+
+### Why Container Queries
+
+Media queries respond to the viewport. Container queries respond to the size of a parent element. This makes components truly reusable: a card in a wide sidebar behaves differently from the same card in a narrow main column without any global media queries.
+
+```css
+/* Declare the containment context on the parent */
+.card-wrapper {
+  container-type: inline-size;
+  container-name: card;
+}
+
+/* Style the card based on its container's width */
+.card {
+  display: block;
+}
+
+@container card (min-width: 400px) {
+  .card {
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-columns: 120px 1fr;
+    gap: 1rem;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Container Query Units
+
+Container queries introduce new viewport-relative units scoped to the container: `cqi` (1% of container inline size), `cqb` (1% of container block size), `cqw`, `cqh`, `cqmin`, `cqmax`.
+
+```css
+@container (min-width: 400px) {
+  .card__title {
+    font-size: clamp(1rem, 4cqi, 1.5rem);
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Nesting and Named Containers
+
+Name containers to target specific ancestors when containers are nested.
+
+```css
+.layout { container-type: inline-size; container-name: layout; }
+.sidebar { container-type: inline-size; container-name: sidebar; }
+
+/* Target layout, not the nearest ancestor */
+@container layout (min-width: 1024px) {
+  .article { padding-inline: 2rem; }
+}
+```
+
+### React Integration Pattern
+
+Pair container queries with a wrapper component to keep the containment declaration co-located with the component.
+
+```tsx
+export function CardContainer({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  return (
+    <div className="card-container">
+      {children}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+```css
+.card-container {
+  container-type: inline-size;
+  container-name: card;
+}
+```
+
+### DO / DON'T
+
+- DO use container queries for component-level responsiveness and media queries for page-level layout.
+- DO name containers when nesting container query contexts.
+- DON'T use `container-type: size` unless you need to query block size — `inline-size` is sufficient for most layouts and has less layout impact.
+- DON'T apply `container-type` directly to elements that participate in flex or grid layout — wrap them in a container element.
+- DON'T replace all media queries with container queries; page-level layout (header, sidebar, footer) still belongs in media queries.