@su-record/vibe 0.1.0

package/skills/languages/python-fastapi.md

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+# 🐍 Python + FastAPI 품질 규칙
+
+## 핵심 원칙 (core에서 상속)
+
+```markdown
+✅ 단일 책임 (SRP)
+✅ 중복 제거 (DRY)
+✅ 재사용성
+✅ 낮은 복잡도
+✅ 함수 ≤ 30줄 (권장), ≤ 50줄 (허용)
+✅ 중첩 ≤ 3단계
+✅ Cyclomatic complexity ≤ 10
+```
+
+## Python 특화 규칙
+
+### 1. 타입 힌트 100% 필수
+
+```python
+# ❌ 타입 힌트 없음
+def get_user(user_id):
+    return db.get(user_id)
+
+# ✅ 완전한 타입 힌트
+async def get_user(user_id: str, db: AsyncSession) -> User | None:
+    result = await db.execute(select(User).where(User.id == user_id))
+    return result.scalar_one_or_none()
+```
+
+### 2. Pydantic으로 Contract 정의
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, EmailStr, field_validator
+
+class CreateUserRequest(BaseModel):
+    """사용자 생성 요청 스키마"""
+    email: EmailStr
+    username: str = Field(min_length=3, max_length=50)
+    password: str = Field(min_length=8)
+    age: int = Field(ge=0, le=150)
+
+    @field_validator("username")
+    def validate_username(cls, v: str) -> str:
+        if not v.isalnum():
+            raise ValueError("Username must be alphanumeric")
+        return v.lower()
+
+    class Config:
+        json_schema_extra = {
+            "example": {
+                "email": "user@example.com",
+                "username": "johndoe",
+                "password": "securepass123",
+                "age": 25,
+            }
+        }
+
+class UserResponse(BaseModel):
+    """사용자 응답 스키마"""
+    id: str
+    email: str
+    username: str
+    created_at: datetime
+
+    class Config:
+        from_attributes = True  # SQLAlchemy 호환
+```
+
+### 3. async/await 패턴
+
+```python
+# ✅ 비동기 I/O (데이터베이스, API 호출)
+async def get_user_with_posts(
+    user_id: str,
+    db: AsyncSession
+) -> tuple[User, list[Post]]:
+    # 병렬 실행
+    user_task = db.execute(select(User).where(User.id == user_id))
+    posts_task = db.execute(select(Post).where(Post.user_id == user_id))
+
+    user_result, posts_result = await asyncio.gather(user_task, posts_task)
+
+    user = user_result.scalar_one_or_none()
+    posts = list(posts_result.scalars().all())
+
+    return user, posts
+
+# ❌ 동기 함수 (블로킹)
+def get_user(user_id: str):
+    return requests.get(f"/users/{user_id}")  # 블로킹!
+```
+
+### 4. Early Return 선호
+
+```python
+# ❌ 중첩된 if문
+async def process_order(order_id: str, db: AsyncSession):
+    order = await get_order(order_id, db)
+    if order:
+        if order.is_valid:
+            if order.items:
+                if order.user.is_active:
+                    return await process_items(order.items)
+    return None
+
+# ✅ Early return
+async def process_order(order_id: str, db: AsyncSession) -> ProcessResult | None:
+    order = await get_order(order_id, db)
+    if not order:
+        return None
+    if not order.is_valid:
+        return None
+    if not order.items:
+        return None
+    if not order.user.is_active:
+        return None
+
+    return await process_items(order.items)
+```
+
+### 5. Repository 패턴 (데이터 액세스 분리)
+
+```python
+# ✅ Repository 레이어
+class UserRepository:
+    """데이터 액세스만 담당"""
+
+    def __init__(self, db: AsyncSession):
+        self.db = db
+
+    async def get_by_id(self, user_id: str) -> User | None:
+        result = await self.db.execute(
+            select(User).where(User.id == user_id)
+        )
+        return result.scalar_one_or_none()
+
+    async def create(self, user: User) -> User:
+        self.db.add(user)
+        await self.db.commit()
+        await self.db.refresh(user)
+        return user
+
+    async def get_by_email(self, email: str) -> User | None:
+        result = await self.db.execute(
+            select(User).where(User.email == email)
+        )
+        return result.scalar_one_or_none()
+
+# ✅ Service 레이어 (비즈니스 로직)
+class UserService:
+    """비즈니스 로직만 담당"""
+
+    def __init__(self, repository: UserRepository):
+        self.repository = repository
+
+    async def create_user(
+        self, request: CreateUserRequest
+    ) -> UserResponse:
+        # 비즈니스 규칙: 이메일 중복 체크
+        existing = await self.repository.get_by_email(request.email)
+        if existing:
+            raise HTTPException(409, detail="Email already exists")
+
+        # 비즈니스 규칙: 비밀번호 해싱
+        hashed_password = hash_password(request.password)
+
+        # 생성
+        user = User(
+            email=request.email,
+            username=request.username,
+            password_hash=hashed_password,
+        )
+        user = await self.repository.create(user)
+
+        return UserResponse.model_validate(user)
+```
+
+### 6. 의존성 주입 (FastAPI Depends)
+
+```python
+# app/core/deps.py
+from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
+
+async def get_db() -> AsyncSession:
+    """데이터베이스 세션 의존성"""
+    async with async_session_maker() as session:
+        yield session
+
+async def get_current_user(
+    token: str = Depends(oauth2_scheme),
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db)
+) -> User:
+    """현재 사용자 의존성"""
+    payload = decode_jwt(token)
+    user = await get_user_by_id(payload["sub"], db)
+    if not user:
+        raise HTTPException(401, detail="Invalid credentials")
+    return user
+
+# app/api/v1/users.py
+@router.get("/me", response_model=UserResponse)
+async def get_current_user_profile(
+    current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user)
+):
+    """현재 사용자 프로필 조회"""
+    return UserResponse.model_validate(current_user)
+```
+
+### 7. 에러 처리 표준
+
+```python
+from fastapi import HTTPException
+
+# ✅ 명확한 에러 메시지
+async def get_user(user_id: str, db: AsyncSession) -> User:
+    user = await db.get(User, user_id)
+    if not user:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=404,
+            detail=f"User {user_id} not found"
+        )
+    return user
+
+# ✅ 커스텀 예외
+class UserNotFoundError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, user_id: str):
+        self.user_id = user_id
+        super().__init__(f"User {user_id} not found")
+
+# 전역 예외 핸들러
+@app.exception_handler(UserNotFoundError)
+async def user_not_found_handler(request: Request, exc: UserNotFoundError):
+    return JSONResponse(
+        status_code=404,
+        content={"detail": str(exc)}
+    )
+```
+
+### 8. SQLAlchemy 2.0 스타일
+
+```python
+from sqlalchemy import select, func
+from sqlalchemy.orm import selectinload
+
+# ✅ 2.0 스타일 (async + select)
+async def get_users_with_posts(db: AsyncSession) -> list[User]:
+    result = await db.execute(
+        select(User)
+        .options(selectinload(User.posts))  # Eager loading
+        .where(User.is_active == True)
+        .order_by(User.created_at.desc())
+        .limit(20)
+    )
+    return list(result.scalars().all())
+
+# ❌ 1.x 스타일 (레거시)
+def get_users():
+    return session.query(User).filter_by(is_active=True).all()
+```
+
+### 9. Python 관용구 활용
+
+```python
+# ✅ List comprehension
+active_users = [u for u in users if u.is_active]
+
+# ✅ Dictionary comprehension
+user_dict = {u.id: u.name for u in users}
+
+# ✅ Generator expression (메모리 효율)
+total = sum(u.age for u in users)
+
+# ✅ Context manager
+async with db.begin():
+    user = User(...)
+    db.add(user)
+    # 자동 commit/rollback
+
+# ✅ Dataclass (간단한 데이터 구조)
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)  # Immutable
+class Point:
+    x: float
+    y: float
+```
+
+### 10. 로깅 표준
+
+```python
+import structlog
+
+logger = structlog.get_logger()
+
+# ✅ 구조화된 로깅
+async def create_user(request: CreateUserRequest):
+    logger.info(
+        "user_creation_started",
+        email=request.email,
+        username=request.username
+    )
+
+    try:
+        user = await user_service.create(request)
+        logger.info(
+            "user_creation_succeeded",
+            user_id=user.id,
+            email=user.email
+        )
+        return user
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(
+            "user_creation_failed",
+            email=request.email,
+            error=str(e),
+            exc_info=True
+        )
+        raise
+```
+
+## 안티패턴
+
+```python
+# ❌ any 타입
+def process_data(data: any):  # 타입 안전성 상실
+    return data
+
+# ❌ 블로킹 I/O in async 함수
+async def bad_example():
+    data = requests.get("https://api.example.com")  # 블로킹!
+    return data
+
+# ❌ 예외 무시
+try:
+    risky_operation()
+except:
+    pass  # 위험!
+
+# ❌ Mutable default argument
+def append_to_list(item, my_list=[]):  # 버그!
+    my_list.append(item)
+    return my_list
+
+# ✅ 올바른 방법
+def append_to_list(item, my_list: list | None = None):
+    if my_list is None:
+        my_list = []
+    my_list.append(item)
+    return my_list
+```
+
+## 코드 품질 도구
+
+```bash
+# 포맷팅
+black .
+isort .
+
+# 린팅
+flake8 .
+ruff check .
+
+# 타입 체크
+mypy app/ --strict
+
+# 테스트
+pytest tests/ -v --cov=app
+
+# 보안 체크
+bandit -r app/
+```
+
+## 체크리스트
+
+Python/FastAPI 코드 작성 시:
+
+- [ ] 타입 힌트 100% (함수 시그니처, 변수)
+- [ ] Pydantic 스키마로 Contract 정의
+- [ ] async/await 사용 (I/O 작업)
+- [ ] Early return 패턴
+- [ ] Repository + Service 레이어 분리
+- [ ] 의존성 주입 (Depends)
+- [ ] 명확한 에러 메시지
+- [ ] 구조화된 로깅
+- [ ] 함수 ≤ 30줄 (SRP 준수)
+- [ ] 복잡도 ≤ 10