@stonyx/orm 0.2.1-beta.83 → 0.2.1-beta.84

package/src/mysql/{mysql-db.js → mysql-db.ts}

@@ -1,473 +1,533 @@
-import { getPool, closePool } from './connection.js';
-import { ensureMigrationsTable, getAppliedMigrations, getMigrationFiles, applyMigration, parseMigrationFile } from './migration-runner.js';
-import { introspectModels, introspectViews, getTopologicalOrder, schemasToSnapshot } from './schema-introspector.js';
-import { loadLatestSnapshot, detectSchemaDrift } from './migration-generator.js';
-import { buildInsert, buildUpdate, buildDelete, buildSelect } from './query-builder.js';
-import { createRecord, store } from '@stonyx/orm';
-import { confirm } from '@stonyx/utils/prompt';
-import { readFile } from '@stonyx/utils/file';
-import { getPluralName } from '../plural-registry.js';
-import config from 'stonyx/config';
-import log from 'stonyx/log';
-import path from 'path';
-
-const defaultDeps = {
-  getPool, closePool, ensureMigrationsTable, getAppliedMigrations,
-  getMigrationFiles, applyMigration, parseMigrationFile,
-  introspectModels, introspectViews, getTopologicalOrder, schemasToSnapshot,
-  loadLatestSnapshot, detectSchemaDrift,
-  buildInsert, buildUpdate, buildDelete, buildSelect,
-  createRecord, store, confirm, readFile, getPluralName, config, log, path
-};
-
-export default class MysqlDB {
-  constructor(deps = {}) {
-    if (MysqlDB.instance) return MysqlDB.instance;
-    MysqlDB.instance = this;
-
-    this.deps = { ...defaultDeps, ...deps };
-    this.pool = null;
-    this.mysqlConfig = this.deps.config.orm.mysql;
-  }
-
-  async init() {
-    this.pool = await this.deps.getPool(this.mysqlConfig);
-    await this.deps.ensureMigrationsTable(this.pool, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsTable);
-    await this.loadMemoryRecords();
-  }
-
-  async startup() {
-    const migrationsPath = this.deps.path.resolve(this.deps.config.rootPath, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsDir);
-
-    // Check for pending migrations
-    const applied = await this.deps.getAppliedMigrations(this.pool, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsTable);
-    const files = await this.deps.getMigrationFiles(migrationsPath);
-    const pending = files.filter(f => !applied.includes(f));
-
-    if (pending.length > 0) {
-      this.deps.log.db(`${pending.length} pending migration(s) found.`);
-
-      const shouldApply = await this.deps.confirm(`${pending.length} pending migration(s) found. Apply now?`);
-
-      if (shouldApply) {
-        for (const filename of pending) {
-          const content = await this.deps.readFile(this.deps.path.join(migrationsPath, filename));
-          const { up } = this.deps.parseMigrationFile(content);
-
-          await this.deps.applyMigration(this.pool, filename, up, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsTable);
-          this.deps.log.db(`Applied migration: ${filename}`);
-        }
-
-        // Reload records after applying migrations
-        await this.loadMemoryRecords();
-      } else {
-        this.deps.log.warn('Skipping pending migrations. Schema may be outdated.');
-      }
-    } else if (files.length === 0) {
-      const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-      const modelCount = Object.keys(schemas).length;
-
-      if (modelCount > 0) {
-        const shouldGenerate = await this.deps.confirm(
-          `No migrations found but ${modelCount} model(s) detected. Generate and apply initial migration?`
-        );
-
-        if (shouldGenerate) {
-          const { generateMigration } = await import('./migration-generator.js');
-          const result = await generateMigration('initial_setup');
-
-          if (result) {
-            const { up } = this.deps.parseMigrationFile(result.content);
-            await this.deps.applyMigration(this.pool, result.filename, up, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsTable);
-            this.deps.log.db(`Applied migration: ${result.filename}`);
-            await this.loadMemoryRecords();
-          }
-        } else {
-          this.deps.log.warn('Skipping initial migration. Tables may not exist.');
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Check for schema drift
-    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-    const snapshot = await this.deps.loadLatestSnapshot(this.deps.path.resolve(this.deps.config.rootPath, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsDir));
-
-    if (Object.keys(snapshot).length > 0) {
-      const drift = this.deps.detectSchemaDrift(schemas, snapshot);
-
-      if (drift.hasChanges) {
-        this.deps.log.warn('Schema drift detected: models have changed since the last migration.');
-        this.deps.log.warn('Run `stonyx db:generate-migration` to create a new migration.');
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  async shutdown() {
-    await this.deps.closePool();
-    this.pool = null;
-  }
-
-  async save() {
-    // No-op: MySQL persists data immediately via persist()
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Loads only models with memory: true into the in-memory store on startup.
-   * Models with memory: false are skipped — accessed on-demand via find()/findAll().
-   */
-  async loadMemoryRecords() {
-    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-    const order = this.deps.getTopologicalOrder(schemas);
-    const Orm = (await import('@stonyx/orm')).default;
-
-    for (const modelName of order) {
-      // Check the model's memory flag — skip non-memory models
-      const { modelClass } = Orm.instance.getRecordClasses(modelName);
-      if (modelClass?.memory === false) {
-        this.deps.log.db(`Skipping memory load for '${modelName}' (memory: false)`);
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      const schema = schemas[modelName];
-      const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table);
-
-      try {
-        const [rows] = await this.pool.execute(sql, values);
-
-        for (const row of rows) {
-          const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema);
-          this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
-        }
-      } catch (error) {
-        // Table may not exist yet (pre-migration) — skip gracefully
-        if (error.code === 'ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE') {
-          this.deps.log.db(`Table '${schema.table}' does not exist yet. Skipping load for '${modelName}'.`);
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        throw error;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Load views with memory: true
-    const viewSchemas = this.deps.introspectViews();
-
-    for (const [viewName, viewSchema] of Object.entries(viewSchemas)) {
-      const { modelClass: viewClass } = Orm.instance.getRecordClasses(viewName);
-      if (viewClass?.memory !== true) {
-        this.deps.log.db(`Skipping memory load for view '${viewName}' (memory: false)`);
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      const schema = { table: viewSchema.viewName, columns: viewSchema.columns || {}, foreignKeys: viewSchema.foreignKeys || {} };
-      const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table);
-
-      try {
-        const [rows] = await this.pool.execute(sql, values);
-
-        for (const row of rows) {
-          const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema);
-          this.deps.createRecord(viewName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
-        }
-      } catch (error) {
-        if (error.code === 'ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE') {
-          this.deps.log.db(`View '${viewSchema.viewName}' does not exist yet. Skipping load for '${viewName}'.`);
-          continue;
-        }
-        throw error;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * @deprecated Use loadMemoryRecords() instead. Kept for backward compatibility.
-   */
-  async loadAllRecords() {
-    return this.loadMemoryRecords();
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Find a single record by ID from MySQL.
-   * Does NOT cache the result in the store for memory: false models.
-   * @param {string} modelName
-   * @param {string|number} id
-   * @returns {Promise<Record|undefined>}
-   */
-  async findRecord(modelName, id) {
-    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-    let schema = schemas[modelName];
-
-    // Check views if not found in models
-    if (!schema) {
-      const viewSchemas = this.deps.introspectViews();
-      const viewSchema = viewSchemas[modelName];
-      if (viewSchema) {
-        schema = { table: viewSchema.viewName, columns: viewSchema.columns || {}, foreignKeys: viewSchema.foreignKeys || {} };
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!schema) return undefined;
-
-    const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table, { id });
-
-    try {
-      const [rows] = await this.pool.execute(sql, values);
-
-      if (rows.length === 0) return undefined;
-
-      const rawData = this._rowToRawData(rows[0], schema);
-      const record = this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
-
-      // Don't let memory:false records accumulate in the store
-      // The caller keeps the reference; the store doesn't retain it
-      this._evictIfNotMemory(modelName, record);
-
-      return record;
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (error.code === 'ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE') return undefined;
-      throw error;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Find all records of a model from MySQL, with optional conditions.
-   * @param {string} modelName
-   * @param {Object} [conditions] - Optional WHERE conditions (key-value pairs)
-   * @returns {Promise<Record[]>}
-   */
-  async findAll(modelName, conditions) {
-    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-    let schema = schemas[modelName];
-
-    // Check views if not found in models
-    if (!schema) {
-      const viewSchemas = this.deps.introspectViews();
-      const viewSchema = viewSchemas[modelName];
-      if (viewSchema) {
-        schema = { table: viewSchema.viewName, columns: viewSchema.columns || {}, foreignKeys: viewSchema.foreignKeys || {} };
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (!schema) return [];
-
-    const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table, conditions);
-
-    try {
-      const [rows] = await this.pool.execute(sql, values);
-
-      const records = rows.map(row => {
-        const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema);
-        return this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
-      });
-
-      // Don't let memory:false records accumulate in the store
-      for (const record of records) {
-        this._evictIfNotMemory(modelName, record);
-      }
-
-      return records;
-    } catch (error) {
-      if (error.code === 'ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE') return [];
-      throw error;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Remove a record from the in-memory store if its model has memory: false.
-   * The record object itself survives — the caller retains the reference.
-   * This prevents on-demand queries from leaking records into the store.
-   * @private
-   */
-  _evictIfNotMemory(modelName, record) {
-    const store = this.deps.store;
-
-    // Use the memory resolver if available (set by Orm.init)
-    if (store._memoryResolver && !store._memoryResolver(modelName)) {
-      const modelStore = store.get?.(modelName) ?? store.data?.get(modelName);
-      if (modelStore) modelStore.delete(record.id);
-    }
-  }
-
-  _rowToRawData(row, schema) {
-    const rawData = { ...row };
-
-    for (const [col, mysqlType] of Object.entries(schema.columns)) {
-      if (rawData[col] == null) continue;
-
-      // Convert boolean columns from MySQL TINYINT(1) 0/1 to false/true
-      if (mysqlType === 'TINYINT(1)') {
-        rawData[col] = !!rawData[col];
-      }
-
-      // Parse JSON columns back to JS values (custom transforms stored as JSON)
-      if (mysqlType === 'JSON' && typeof rawData[col] === 'string') {
-        try { rawData[col] = JSON.parse(rawData[col]); } catch { /* keep raw string */ }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Map FK columns back to relationship keys
-    // e.g., owner_id → owner (the belongsTo handler expects the id value under the relationship key name)
-    for (const [fkCol, fkDef] of Object.entries(schema.foreignKeys)) {
-      const relName = fkCol.replace(/_id$/, '');
-
-      if (rawData[fkCol] !== undefined) {
-        rawData[relName] = rawData[fkCol];
-        delete rawData[fkCol];
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Remove timestamp columns — managed by MySQL
-    delete rawData.created_at;
-    delete rawData.updated_at;
-
-    return rawData;
-  }
-
-  async persist(operation, modelName, context, response) {
-    // Views are read-only — no-op for all write operations
-    const Orm = (await import('@stonyx/orm')).default;
-    if (Orm.instance?.isView?.(modelName)) return;
-
-    switch (operation) {
-      case 'create':
-        return this._persistCreate(modelName, context, response);
-      case 'update':
-        return this._persistUpdate(modelName, context, response);
-      case 'delete':
-        return this._persistDelete(modelName, context);
-    }
-  }
-
-  async _persistCreate(modelName, context, response) {
-    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-    const schema = schemas[modelName];
-
-    if (!schema) return;
-
-    const recordId = response?.data?.id;
-    const record = recordId != null ? this.deps.store.get(modelName, isNaN(recordId) ? recordId : parseInt(recordId)) : null;
-
-    if (!record) return;
-
-    const insertData = this._recordToRow(record, schema);
-
-    // For auto-increment models, remove the pending ID
-    const isPendingId = record.__data.__pendingSqlId;
-
-    if (isPendingId) {
-      delete insertData.id;
-    } else if (insertData.id !== undefined) {
-      // Keep user-provided ID (string IDs or explicit numeric IDs)
-    }
-
-    const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildInsert(schema.table, insertData);
-
-    const [result] = await this.pool.execute(sql, values);
-
-    // Re-key the record in the store if MySQL generated the ID
-    if (isPendingId && result.insertId) {
-      const pendingId = record.id;
-      const realId = result.insertId;
-      const modelStore = this.deps.store.get(modelName);
-
-      modelStore.delete(pendingId);
-      record.__data.id = realId;
-      record.id = realId;
-      modelStore.set(realId, record);
-
-      // Update the response data with the real ID
-      if (response?.data) {
-        response.data.id = realId;
-      }
-
-      delete record.__data.__pendingSqlId;
-    }
-  }
-
-  async _persistUpdate(modelName, context, response) {
-    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-    const schema = schemas[modelName];
-
-    if (!schema) return;
-
-    const record = context.record;
-    if (!record) return;
-
-    const id = record.id;
-    const oldState = context.oldState || {};
-    const currentData = record.__data;
-
-    // Build a diff of changed columns
-    const changedData = {};
-
-    for (const [col] of Object.entries(schema.columns)) {
-      if (currentData[col] !== oldState[col]) {
-        changedData[col] = currentData[col] ?? null;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Check FK changes too
-    for (const fkCol of Object.keys(schema.foreignKeys)) {
-      const relName = fkCol.replace(/_id$/, '');
-      const currentFkValue = record.__relationships[relName]?.id ?? null;
-      const oldFkValue = oldState[relName] ?? null;
-
-      if (currentFkValue !== oldFkValue) {
-        changedData[fkCol] = currentFkValue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    if (Object.keys(changedData).length === 0) return;
-
-    const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildUpdate(schema.table, id, changedData);
-    await this.pool.execute(sql, values);
-  }
-
-  async _persistDelete(modelName, context) {
-    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-    const schema = schemas[modelName];
-
-    if (!schema) return;
-
-    const id = context.recordId;
-    if (id == null) return;
-
-    const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildDelete(schema.table, id);
-    await this.pool.execute(sql, values);
-  }
-
-  _recordToRow(record, schema) {
-    const row = {};
-    const data = record.__data;
-
-    // ID
-    if (data.id !== undefined) {
-      row.id = data.id;
-    }
-
-    // Attribute columns
-    for (const [col, mysqlType] of Object.entries(schema.columns)) {
-      if (data[col] !== undefined) {
-        // JSON columns: stringify non-string values for MySQL JSON storage
-        row[col] = mysqlType === 'JSON' && typeof data[col] !== 'string'
-          ? JSON.stringify(data[col])
-          : data[col];
-      }
-    }
-
-    // FK columns from relationships
-    for (const fkCol of Object.keys(schema.foreignKeys)) {
-      const relName = fkCol.replace(/_id$/, '');
-      const related = record.__relationships[relName];
-
-      if (related) {
-        row[fkCol] = related.id;
-      } else if (data[relName] !== undefined) {
-        // Raw FK value (e.g., from create payload)
-        row[fkCol] = data[relName];
-      }
-    }
-
-    return row;
-  }
-}
+import { getPool, closePool } from './connection.js';
+import type { MysqlConfig } from './connection.js';
+import { ensureMigrationsTable, getAppliedMigrations, getMigrationFiles, applyMigration, parseMigrationFile } from './migration-runner.js';
+import { introspectModels, introspectViews, getTopologicalOrder, schemasToSnapshot } from './schema-introspector.js';
+import type { ModelSchema, ViewSchema, SnapshotEntry } from './schema-introspector.js';
+import { loadLatestSnapshot, detectSchemaDrift } from './migration-generator.js';
+import { buildInsert, buildUpdate, buildDelete, buildSelect } from './query-builder.js';
+import { store } from '@stonyx/orm';
+import { createRecord } from '../manage-record.js';
+import { confirm } from '@stonyx/utils/prompt';
+import { readFile } from '@stonyx/utils/file';
+import { getPluralName } from '../plural-registry.js';
+import { isDbError } from '../utils.js';
+import config from 'stonyx/config';
+import log from 'stonyx/log';
+import path from 'path';
+import type { Pool } from 'mysql2/promise';
+import type { OrmRecord } from '../types/orm-types.js';
+
+interface PersistContext {
+  record?: OrmRecord;
+  recordId?: unknown;
+  oldState?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+interface PersistResponse {
+  data?: { id?: unknown };
+}
+
+interface ExecuteResult {
+  insertId?: number;
+}
+
+interface OrmStore {
+  get(key: string): Map<number | string, unknown> | undefined;
+  get(key: string, id: number | string): unknown;
+  _memoryResolver?: (modelName: string) => boolean;
+  data?: Map<string, Map<number | string, unknown>>;
+}
+
+interface MysqlDBDeps {
+  getPool: typeof getPool;
+  closePool: typeof closePool;
+  ensureMigrationsTable: typeof ensureMigrationsTable;
+  getAppliedMigrations: typeof getAppliedMigrations;
+  getMigrationFiles: typeof getMigrationFiles;
+  applyMigration: typeof applyMigration;
+  parseMigrationFile: typeof parseMigrationFile;
+  introspectModels: typeof introspectModels;
+  introspectViews: typeof introspectViews;
+  getTopologicalOrder: typeof getTopologicalOrder;
+  schemasToSnapshot: typeof schemasToSnapshot;
+  loadLatestSnapshot: typeof loadLatestSnapshot;
+  detectSchemaDrift: typeof detectSchemaDrift;
+  buildInsert: typeof buildInsert;
+  buildUpdate: typeof buildUpdate;
+  buildDelete: typeof buildDelete;
+  buildSelect: typeof buildSelect;
+  createRecord: typeof createRecord;
+  store: OrmStore;
+  confirm: typeof confirm;
+  readFile: typeof readFile;
+  getPluralName: typeof getPluralName;
+  config: typeof config;
+  log: Record<string, ((...args: unknown[]) => void) | undefined>;
+  path: typeof path;
+}
+
+const defaultDeps: MysqlDBDeps = {
+  getPool, closePool, ensureMigrationsTable, getAppliedMigrations,
+  getMigrationFiles, applyMigration, parseMigrationFile,
+  introspectModels, introspectViews, getTopologicalOrder, schemasToSnapshot,
+  loadLatestSnapshot, detectSchemaDrift,
+  buildInsert, buildUpdate, buildDelete, buildSelect,
+  createRecord, store: store as unknown as OrmStore, confirm, readFile, getPluralName,
+  config, log, path
+};
+
+export default class MysqlDB {
+  static instance: MysqlDB | undefined;
+
+  deps!: MysqlDBDeps;
+  pool!: Pool | null;
+  mysqlConfig!: MysqlConfig;
+
+  constructor(deps: Partial<MysqlDBDeps> = {}) {
+    if (MysqlDB.instance) return MysqlDB.instance;
+    MysqlDB.instance = this;
+
+    this.deps = { ...defaultDeps, ...deps } as MysqlDBDeps;
+    this.pool = null;
+    this.mysqlConfig = this.deps.config.orm.mysql!;
+  }
+
+  private requirePool(): Pool {
+    if (!this.pool) throw new Error('MysqlDB pool not initialized — call init() first');
+    return this.pool;
+  }
+
+  async init(): Promise<void> {
+    this.pool = await this.deps.getPool(this.mysqlConfig);
+    await this.deps.ensureMigrationsTable(this.pool, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsTable);
+    await this.loadMemoryRecords();
+  }
+
+  async startup(): Promise<void> {
+    const migrationsPath = this.deps.path.resolve(this.deps.config.rootPath, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsDir!);
+
+    // Check for pending migrations
+    const applied = await this.deps.getAppliedMigrations(this.requirePool(), this.mysqlConfig.migrationsTable);
+    const files = await this.deps.getMigrationFiles(migrationsPath);
+    const pending = files.filter(f => !applied.includes(f));
+
+    if (pending.length > 0) {
+      this.deps.log.db!(`${pending.length} pending migration(s) found.`);
+
+      const shouldApply = await this.deps.confirm(`${pending.length} pending migration(s) found. Apply now?`);
+
+      if (shouldApply) {
+        for (const filename of pending) {
+          const content = await this.deps.readFile(this.deps.path.join(migrationsPath, filename)) as string;
+          const { up } = this.deps.parseMigrationFile(content);
+
+          await this.deps.applyMigration(this.requirePool(), filename, up, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsTable);
+          this.deps.log.db!(`Applied migration: ${filename}`);
+        }
+
+        // Reload records after applying migrations
+        await this.loadMemoryRecords();
+      } else {
+        this.deps.log.warn!('Skipping pending migrations. Schema may be outdated.');
+      }
+    } else if (files.length === 0) {
+      const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
+      const modelCount = Object.keys(schemas).length;
+
+      if (modelCount > 0) {
+        const shouldGenerate = await this.deps.confirm(
+          `No migrations found but ${modelCount} model(s) detected. Generate and apply initial migration?`
+        );
+
+        if (shouldGenerate) {
+          const { generateMigration } = await import('./migration-generator.js');
+          const result = await generateMigration('initial_setup');
+
+          if (result) {
+            const { up } = this.deps.parseMigrationFile(result.content);
+            await this.deps.applyMigration(this.requirePool(), result.filename, up, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsTable);
+            this.deps.log.db!(`Applied migration: ${result.filename}`);
+            await this.loadMemoryRecords();
+          }
+        } else {
+          this.deps.log.warn!('Skipping initial migration. Tables may not exist.');
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check for schema drift
+    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
+    const snapshot = await this.deps.loadLatestSnapshot(this.deps.path.resolve(this.deps.config.rootPath, this.mysqlConfig.migrationsDir!)) as Record<string, SnapshotEntry>;
+
+    if (Object.keys(snapshot).length > 0) {
+      const drift = this.deps.detectSchemaDrift(schemas, snapshot);
+
+      if (drift.hasChanges) {
+        this.deps.log.warn!('Schema drift detected: models have changed since the last migration.');
+        this.deps.log.warn!('Run `stonyx db:generate-migration` to create a new migration.');
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  async shutdown(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.deps.closePool();
+    this.pool = null;
+  }
+
+  async save(): Promise<void> {
+    // No-op: MySQL persists data immediately via persist()
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Loads only models with memory: true into the in-memory store on startup.
+   * Models with memory: false are skipped — accessed on-demand via find()/findAll().
+   */
+  async loadMemoryRecords(): Promise<void> {
+    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
+    const order = this.deps.getTopologicalOrder(schemas);
+    const Orm = (await import('@stonyx/orm')).default;
+
+    for (const modelName of order) {
+      // Check the model's memory flag — skip non-memory models
+      const { modelClass } = Orm.instance.getRecordClasses(modelName) as { modelClass?: { memory?: boolean } };
+      if (modelClass?.memory === false) {
+        this.deps.log.db!(`Skipping memory load for '${modelName}' (memory: false)`);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const schema = schemas[modelName];
+      const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table);
+
+      try {
+        const [rows] = await this.requirePool().execute(sql, values) as [Record<string, unknown>[], unknown];
+
+        for (const row of rows) {
+          const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema);
+          this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        // Table may not exist yet (pre-migration) — skip gracefully
+        if (isDbError(error) && error.code === 'ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE') {
+          this.deps.log.db!(`Table '${schema.table}' does not exist yet. Skipping load for '${modelName}'.`);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Load views with memory: true
+    const viewSchemas = this.deps.introspectViews();
+
+    for (const [viewName, viewSchema] of Object.entries(viewSchemas)) {
+      const { modelClass: viewClass } = Orm.instance.getRecordClasses(viewName) as { modelClass?: { memory?: boolean } };
+      if (viewClass?.memory !== true) {
+        this.deps.log.db!(`Skipping memory load for view '${viewName}' (memory: false)`);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const schema = { table: viewSchema.viewName, columns: viewSchema.columns || {}, foreignKeys: viewSchema.foreignKeys || {} };
+      const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table);
+
+      try {
+        const [rows] = await this.requirePool().execute(sql, values) as [Record<string, unknown>[], unknown];
+
+        for (const row of rows) {
+          const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema);
+          this.deps.createRecord(viewName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (isDbError(error) && error.code === 'ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE') {
+          this.deps.log.db!(`View '${viewSchema.viewName}' does not exist yet. Skipping load for '${viewName}'.`);
+          continue;
+        }
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Use loadMemoryRecords() instead. Kept for backward compatibility.
+   */
+  async loadAllRecords(): Promise<void> {
+    return this.loadMemoryRecords();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find a single record by ID from MySQL.
+   * Does NOT cache the result in the store for memory: false models.
+   */
+  async findRecord(modelName: string, id: string | number): Promise<OrmRecord | undefined> {
+    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
+    let schema: { table: string; columns: Record<string, string>; foreignKeys: Record<string, unknown> } | undefined = schemas[modelName];
+
+    // Check views if not found in models
+    if (!schema) {
+      const viewSchemas = this.deps.introspectViews();
+      const viewSchema = viewSchemas[modelName];
+      if (viewSchema) {
+        schema = { table: viewSchema.viewName, columns: viewSchema.columns || {}, foreignKeys: viewSchema.foreignKeys || {} };
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!schema) return undefined;
+
+    const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table, { id });
+
+    try {
+      const [rows] = await this.requirePool().execute(sql, values) as [Record<string, unknown>[], unknown];
+
+      if (rows.length === 0) return undefined;
+
+      const rawData = this._rowToRawData(rows[0], schema);
+      const record = this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false }) as unknown as OrmRecord;
+
+      // Don't let memory:false records accumulate in the store
+      // The caller keeps the reference; the store doesn't retain it
+      this._evictIfNotMemory(modelName, record);
+
+      return record;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (isDbError(error) && error.code === 'ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE') return undefined;
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find all records of a model from MySQL, with optional conditions.
+   */
+  async findAll(modelName: string, conditions?: Record<string, unknown>): Promise<OrmRecord[]> {
+    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
+    let schema: { table: string; columns: Record<string, string>; foreignKeys: Record<string, unknown> } | undefined = schemas[modelName];
+
+    // Check views if not found in models
+    if (!schema) {
+      const viewSchemas = this.deps.introspectViews();
+      const viewSchema = viewSchemas[modelName];
+      if (viewSchema) {
+        schema = { table: viewSchema.viewName, columns: viewSchema.columns || {}, foreignKeys: viewSchema.foreignKeys || {} };
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!schema) return [];
+
+    const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table, conditions);
+
+    try {
+      const [rows] = await this.requirePool().execute(sql, values) as [Record<string, unknown>[], unknown];
+
+      const records = rows.map(row => {
+        const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema!);
+        return this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false }) as unknown as OrmRecord;
+      });
+
+      // Don't let memory:false records accumulate in the store
+      for (const record of records) {
+        this._evictIfNotMemory(modelName, record);
+      }
+
+      return records;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (isDbError(error) && error.code === 'ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE') return [];
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove a record from the in-memory store if its model has memory: false.
+   * The record object itself survives — the caller retains the reference.
+   * This prevents on-demand queries from leaking records into the store.
+   */
+  private _evictIfNotMemory(modelName: string, record: OrmRecord): void {
+    const storeRef = this.deps.store;
+
+    // Use the memory resolver if available (set by Orm.init)
+    if (storeRef._memoryResolver && !storeRef._memoryResolver(modelName)) {
+      const modelStore = (storeRef.get?.(modelName) ?? storeRef.data?.get(modelName)) as Map<unknown, unknown> | undefined;
+      if (modelStore) modelStore.delete(record.id);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private _rowToRawData(row: Record<string, unknown>, schema: { columns: Record<string, string>; foreignKeys: Record<string, unknown> }): Record<string, unknown> {
+    const rawData: Record<string, unknown> = { ...row };
+
+    for (const [col, mysqlType] of Object.entries(schema.columns)) {
+      if (rawData[col] == null) continue;
+
+      // Convert boolean columns from MySQL TINYINT(1) 0/1 to false/true
+      if (mysqlType === 'TINYINT(1)') {
+        rawData[col] = !!rawData[col];
+      }
+
+      // Parse JSON columns back to JS values (custom transforms stored as JSON)
+      if (mysqlType === 'JSON' && typeof rawData[col] === 'string') {
+        try { rawData[col] = JSON.parse(rawData[col] as string); } catch { /* keep raw string */ }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Map FK columns back to relationship keys
+    // e.g., owner_id -> owner (the belongsTo handler expects the id value under the relationship key name)
+    for (const fkCol of Object.keys(schema.foreignKeys)) {
+      const relName = fkCol.replace(/_id$/, '');
+
+      if (rawData[fkCol] !== undefined) {
+        rawData[relName] = rawData[fkCol];
+        delete rawData[fkCol];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Remove timestamp columns — managed by MySQL
+    delete rawData.created_at;
+    delete rawData.updated_at;
+
+    return rawData;
+  }
+
+  async persist(operation: string, modelName: string, context: PersistContext, response: PersistResponse): Promise<void> {
+    // Views are read-only — no-op for all write operations
+    const Orm = (await import('@stonyx/orm')).default;
+    if ((Orm as unknown as { instance?: { isView?: (name: string) => boolean } }).instance?.isView?.(modelName)) return;
+
+    switch (operation) {
+      case 'create':
+        return this._persistCreate(modelName, context, response);
+      case 'update':
+        return this._persistUpdate(modelName, context, response);
+      case 'delete':
+        return this._persistDelete(modelName, context);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async _persistCreate(modelName: string, context: PersistContext, response: PersistResponse): Promise<void> {
+    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
+    const schema = schemas[modelName];
+
+    if (!schema) return;
+
+    const recordId = response?.data?.id;
+    const record = recordId != null ? this.deps.store.get(modelName, (isNaN(recordId as number) ? recordId : parseInt(recordId as string)) as number | string) as OrmRecord | null : null;
+
+    if (!record) return;
+
+    const insertData = this._recordToRow(record, schema);
+
+    // For auto-increment models, remove the pending ID
+    const isPendingId = record.__data.__pendingSqlId;
+
+    if (isPendingId) {
+      delete insertData.id;
+    } else if (insertData.id !== undefined) {
+      // Keep user-provided ID (string IDs or explicit numeric IDs)
+    }
+
+    const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildInsert(schema.table, insertData);
+
+    const [result] = await this.requirePool().execute(sql, values) as [ExecuteResult, unknown];
+
+    // Re-key the record in the store if MySQL generated the ID
+    if (isPendingId && result.insertId) {
+      const pendingId = record.id;
+      const realId = result.insertId;
+      const modelStore = this.deps.store.get(modelName)!;
+
+      modelStore.delete(pendingId as number | string);
+      record.__data.id = realId;
+      record.id = realId;
+      modelStore.set(realId as number | string, record);
+
+      // Update the response data with the real ID
+      if (response?.data) {
+        response.data.id = realId;
+      }
+
+      delete record.__data.__pendingSqlId;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private async _persistUpdate(modelName: string, context: PersistContext, response: PersistResponse): Promise<void> {
+    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
+    const schema = schemas[modelName];
+
+    if (!schema) return;
+
+    const record = context.record;
+    if (!record) return;
+
+    const id = record.id;
+    const oldState = context.oldState || {};
+    const currentData = record.__data;
+
+    // Build a diff of changed columns
+    const changedData: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+
+    for (const [col] of Object.entries(schema.columns)) {
+      if (currentData[col] !== oldState[col]) {
+        changedData[col] = currentData[col] ?? null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check FK changes too
+    for (const fkCol of Object.keys(schema.foreignKeys)) {
+      const relName = fkCol.replace(/_id$/, '');
+      const currentFkValue = (record.__relationships[relName] as { id: unknown } | undefined)?.id ?? null;
+      const oldFkValue = oldState[relName] ?? null;
+
+      if (currentFkValue !== oldFkValue) {
+        changedData[fkCol] = currentFkValue;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (Object.keys(changedData).length === 0) return;
+
+    const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildUpdate(schema.table, id, changedData);
+    await this.requirePool().execute(sql, values);
+  }
+
+  private async _persistDelete(modelName: string, context: PersistContext): Promise<void> {
+    const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
+    const schema = schemas[modelName];
+
+    if (!schema) return;
+
+    const id = context.recordId;
+    if (id == null) return;
+
+    const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildDelete(schema.table, id);
+    await this.requirePool().execute(sql, values);
+  }
+
+  private _recordToRow(record: OrmRecord, schema: ModelSchema): Record<string, unknown> {
+    const row: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    const data = record.__data;
+
+    // ID
+    if (data.id !== undefined) {
+      row.id = data.id;
+    }
+
+    // Attribute columns
+    for (const [col, mysqlType] of Object.entries(schema.columns)) {
+      if (data[col] !== undefined) {
+        // JSON columns: stringify non-string values for MySQL JSON storage
+        row[col] = mysqlType === 'JSON' && typeof data[col] !== 'string'
+          ? JSON.stringify(data[col])
+          : data[col];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // FK columns from relationships
+    for (const fkCol of Object.keys(schema.foreignKeys)) {
+      const relName = fkCol.replace(/_id$/, '');
+      const related = record.__relationships[relName];
+
+      if (related) {
+        row[fkCol] = (related as { id: unknown }).id;
+      } else if (data[relName] !== undefined) {
+        // Raw FK value (e.g., from create payload)
+        row[fkCol] = data[relName];
+      }
+    }
+
+    return row;
+  }
+}