@stonyx/orm 0.2.1-alpha.34 → 0.2.1-alpha.36

package/src/postgres/{postgres-db.js → postgres-db.ts}

@@ -3,15 +3,70 @@ import { ensureMigrationsTable, getAppliedMigrations, getMigrationFiles, applyMi
 import { introspectModels, introspectViews, getTopologicalOrder, schemasToSnapshot } from './schema-introspector.js';
 import { loadLatestSnapshot, detectSchemaDrift } from './migration-generator.js';
 import { buildInsert, buildUpdate, buildDelete, buildSelect, buildVectorSearch, buildHybridSearch } from './query-builder.js';
-import { createRecord, store } from '@stonyx/orm';
+import { store } from '@stonyx/orm';
+import { createRecord } from '../manage-record.js';
 import { confirm } from '@stonyx/utils/prompt';
 import { readFile } from '@stonyx/utils/file';
 import { getPluralName } from '../plural-registry.js';
+import { isDbError } from '../utils.js';
 import config from 'stonyx/config';
 import log from 'stonyx/log';
 import path from 'path';
+import type { Pool } from 'pg';
+import type { ForeignKeyDef, ModelSchema, OrmRecord } from '../types/orm-types.js';
 
-const defaultDeps = {
+interface PersistContext {
+  record?: OrmRecord;
+  recordId?: unknown;
+  oldState?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+interface PersistResponse {
+  data?: { id: unknown };
+}
+
+interface SearchResult {
+  record: OrmRecord;
+  distance: number;
+}
+
+interface VectorSearchOptions {
+  limit?: number;
+  where?: Record<string, unknown>;
+}
+
+interface PostgresDeps {
+  getPool: typeof getPool;
+  closePool: typeof closePool;
+  ensureMigrationsTable: typeof ensureMigrationsTable;
+  getAppliedMigrations: typeof getAppliedMigrations;
+  getMigrationFiles: typeof getMigrationFiles;
+  applyMigration: typeof applyMigration;
+  parseMigrationFile: typeof parseMigrationFile;
+  introspectModels: typeof introspectModels;
+  introspectViews: typeof introspectViews;
+  getTopologicalOrder: typeof getTopologicalOrder;
+  schemasToSnapshot: typeof schemasToSnapshot;
+  loadLatestSnapshot: typeof loadLatestSnapshot;
+  detectSchemaDrift: typeof detectSchemaDrift;
+  buildInsert: typeof buildInsert;
+  buildUpdate: typeof buildUpdate;
+  buildDelete: typeof buildDelete;
+  buildSelect: typeof buildSelect;
+  buildVectorSearch: typeof buildVectorSearch;
+  buildHybridSearch: typeof buildHybridSearch;
+  createRecord: typeof createRecord;
+  store: typeof store;
+  confirm: typeof confirm;
+  readFile: typeof readFile;
+  getPluralName: typeof getPluralName;
+  config: typeof config;
+  log: typeof log;
+  path: typeof path;
+  [key: string]: unknown;
+}
+
+const defaultDeps: PostgresDeps = {
   getPool, closePool, ensureMigrationsTable, getAppliedMigrations,
   getMigrationFiles, applyMigration, parseMigrationFile,
   introspectModels, introspectViews, getTopologicalOrder, schemasToSnapshot,
@@ -21,47 +76,69 @@ const defaultDeps = {
 };
 
 export default class PostgresDB {
-  constructor(deps = {}) {
-    if (PostgresDB.instance) return PostgresDB.instance;
-    PostgresDB.instance = this;
+  /** PostgreSQL extensions to enable on pool init. Subclasses can override. */
+  static extensions: string[] = ['vector'];
+
+  /** Config key under config.orm for this adapter. Subclasses can override. */
+  static configKey: string = 'postgres';
+
+  /** Singleton instance, set by subclass constructor name. */
+  static instance: PostgresDB | undefined;
+
+  deps!: PostgresDeps;
+  pool!: Pool | null;
+  pgConfig!: Record<string, unknown>;
+
+  constructor(deps: Partial<PostgresDeps> = {}) {
+    const Ctor = this.constructor as typeof PostgresDB;
+    if (Ctor.instance) return Ctor.instance;
+    Ctor.instance = this;
 
-    this.deps = { ...defaultDeps, ...deps };
+    this.deps = { ...defaultDeps, ...deps } as PostgresDeps;
     this.pool = null;
-    this.pgConfig = this.deps.config.orm.postgres;
+    this.pgConfig = this.deps.config.orm[Ctor.configKey] as Record<string, unknown>;
   }
 
-  async init() {
-    this.pool = await this.deps.getPool(this.pgConfig);
-    await this.deps.ensureMigrationsTable(this.pool, this.pgConfig.migrationsTable);
+  protected requirePool(): Pool {
+    if (!this.pool) throw new Error('PostgresDB pool not initialized — call init() first');
+    return this.pool;
+  }
+
+  async init(): Promise<void> {
+    this.pool = await this.deps.getPool(
+      this.pgConfig as unknown as Parameters<typeof getPool>[0],
+      (this.constructor as typeof PostgresDB).extensions
+    );
+    await this.deps.ensureMigrationsTable(this.pool, this.pgConfig.migrationsTable as string | undefined);
     await this.loadMemoryRecords();
   }
 
-  async startup() {
-    const migrationsPath = this.deps.path.resolve(this.deps.config.rootPath, this.pgConfig.migrationsDir);
+  async startup(): Promise<void> {
+    const migrationsPath = this.deps.path.resolve(this.deps.config.rootPath, this.pgConfig.migrationsDir as string);
 
     // Check for pending migrations
-    const applied = await this.deps.getAppliedMigrations(this.pool, this.pgConfig.migrationsTable);
+    const applied = await this.deps.getAppliedMigrations(this.requirePool(), this.pgConfig.migrationsTable as string | undefined);
     const files = await this.deps.getMigrationFiles(migrationsPath);
     const pending = files.filter(f => !applied.includes(f));
 
     if (pending.length > 0) {
-      this.deps.log.db(`${pending.length} pending migration(s) found.`);
+      this.deps.log.db!(`${pending.length} pending migration(s) found.`);
 
       const shouldApply = await this.deps.confirm(`${pending.length} pending migration(s) found. Apply now?`);
 
       if (shouldApply) {
         for (const filename of pending) {
-          const content = await this.deps.readFile(this.deps.path.join(migrationsPath, filename));
+          const content = await this.deps.readFile(this.deps.path.join(migrationsPath, filename)) as string;
           const { up } = this.deps.parseMigrationFile(content);
 
-          await this.deps.applyMigration(this.pool, filename, up, this.pgConfig.migrationsTable);
-          this.deps.log.db(`Applied migration: ${filename}`);
+          await this.deps.applyMigration(this.requirePool(), filename, up, this.pgConfig.migrationsTable as string | undefined);
+          this.deps.log.db!(`Applied migration: ${filename}`);
         }
 
         // Reload records after applying migrations
         await this.loadMemoryRecords();
       } else {
-        this.deps.log.warn('Skipping pending migrations. Schema may be outdated.');
+        this.deps.log.warn!('Skipping pending migrations. Schema may be outdated.');
       }
     } else if (files.length === 0) {
       const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
@@ -78,52 +155,52 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
 
           if (result) {
             const { up } = this.deps.parseMigrationFile(result.content);
-            await this.deps.applyMigration(this.pool, result.filename, up, this.pgConfig.migrationsTable);
-            this.deps.log.db(`Applied migration: ${result.filename}`);
+            await this.deps.applyMigration(this.requirePool(), result.filename, up, this.pgConfig.migrationsTable as string | undefined);
+            this.deps.log.db!(`Applied migration: ${result.filename}`);
             await this.loadMemoryRecords();
           }
         } else {
-          this.deps.log.warn('Skipping initial migration. Tables may not exist.');
+          this.deps.log.warn!('Skipping initial migration. Tables may not exist.');
         }
       }
     }
 
     // Check for schema drift
     const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-    const snapshot = await this.deps.loadLatestSnapshot(this.deps.path.resolve(this.deps.config.rootPath, this.pgConfig.migrationsDir));
+    const snapshot = await this.deps.loadLatestSnapshot(this.deps.path.resolve(this.deps.config.rootPath, this.pgConfig.migrationsDir as string));
 
     if (Object.keys(snapshot).length > 0) {
-      const drift = this.deps.detectSchemaDrift(schemas, snapshot);
+      const drift = this.deps.detectSchemaDrift(schemas, snapshot as Parameters<typeof detectSchemaDrift>[1]);
 
       if (drift.hasChanges) {
-        this.deps.log.warn('Schema drift detected: models have changed since the last migration.');
-        this.deps.log.warn('Run `stonyx db:generate-migration` to create a new migration.');
+        this.deps.log.warn!('Schema drift detected: models have changed since the last migration.');
+        this.deps.log.warn!('Run `stonyx db:generate-migration` to create a new migration.');
       }
     }
   }
 
-  async shutdown() {
+  async shutdown(): Promise<void> {
     await this.deps.closePool();
     this.pool = null;
   }
 
-  async save() {
+  async save(): Promise<void> {
     // No-op: PostgreSQL persists data immediately via persist()
   }
 
   /**
    * Loads only models with memory: true into the in-memory store on startup.
-   * Models with memory: false are skipped — accessed on-demand via find()/findAll().
+   * Models with memory: false are skipped -- accessed on-demand via find()/findAll().
    */
-  async loadMemoryRecords() {
+  async loadMemoryRecords(): Promise<void> {
     const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
     const order = this.deps.getTopologicalOrder(schemas);
     const Orm = (await import('@stonyx/orm')).default;
 
     for (const modelName of order) {
-      const { modelClass } = Orm.instance.getRecordClasses(modelName);
+      const { modelClass } = Orm.instance.getRecordClasses(modelName) as { modelClass: { memory?: boolean } };
       if (modelClass?.memory === false) {
-        this.deps.log.db(`Skipping memory load for '${modelName}' (memory: false)`);
+        this.deps.log.db!(`Skipping memory load for '${modelName}' (memory: false)`);
         continue;
       }
 
@@ -131,7 +208,7 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
       const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table);
 
       try {
-        const result = await this.pool.query(sql, values);
+        const result = await this.requirePool().query(sql, values);
 
         for (const row of result.rows) {
           const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema);
@@ -139,8 +216,8 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
         }
       } catch (error) {
         // 42P01 = undefined_table (PG equivalent of ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE)
-        if (error.code === '42P01') {
-          this.deps.log.db(`Table '${schema.table}' does not exist yet. Skipping load for '${modelName}'.`);
+        if (isDbError(error) && error.code === '42P01') {
+          this.deps.log.db!(`Table '${schema.table}' does not exist yet. Skipping load for '${modelName}'.`);
           continue;
         }
 
@@ -152,25 +229,34 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
     const viewSchemas = this.deps.introspectViews();
 
     for (const [viewName, viewSchema] of Object.entries(viewSchemas)) {
-      const { modelClass: viewClass } = Orm.instance.getRecordClasses(viewName);
+      const { modelClass: viewClass } = Orm.instance.getRecordClasses(viewName) as { modelClass: { memory?: boolean } };
       if (viewClass?.memory !== true) {
-        this.deps.log.db(`Skipping memory load for view '${viewName}' (memory: false)`);
+        this.deps.log.db!(`Skipping memory load for view '${viewName}' (memory: false)`);
         continue;
       }
 
-      const schema = { table: viewSchema.viewName, columns: viewSchema.columns || {}, foreignKeys: viewSchema.foreignKeys || {} };
+      const sourceIdType = schemas[viewSchema.source]?.idType || 'number';
+      const schema: ModelSchema = {
+        table: viewSchema.viewName,
+        idType: sourceIdType,
+        columns: viewSchema.columns || {},
+        foreignKeys: (viewSchema.foreignKeys || {}) as Record<string, ForeignKeyDef>,
+        relationships: { belongsTo: {}, hasMany: {} },
+        vectorColumns: {},
+        memory: false,
+      };
       const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table);
 
       try {
-        const result = await this.pool.query(sql, values);
+        const result = await this.requirePool().query(sql, values);
 
         for (const row of result.rows) {
           const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema);
           this.deps.createRecord(viewName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
         }
       } catch (error) {
-        if (error.code === '42P01') {
-          this.deps.log.db(`View '${viewSchema.viewName}' does not exist yet. Skipping load for '${viewName}'.`);
+        if (isDbError(error) && error.code === '42P01') {
+          this.deps.log.db!(`View '${viewSchema.viewName}' does not exist yet. Skipping load for '${viewName}'.`);
           continue;
         }
         throw error;
@@ -181,27 +267,33 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
   /**
    * @deprecated Use loadMemoryRecords() instead. Kept for backward compatibility.
    */
-  async loadAllRecords() {
+  async loadAllRecords(): Promise<void> {
     return this.loadMemoryRecords();
   }
 
   /**
    * Find a single record by ID from PostgreSQL.
    * Does NOT cache the result in the store for memory: false models.
-   * @param {string} modelName
-   * @param {string|number} id
-   * @returns {Promise<Record|undefined>}
    */
-  async findRecord(modelName, id) {
+  async findRecord(modelName: string, id: string | number): Promise<OrmRecord | undefined> {
     const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-    let schema = schemas[modelName];
+    let schema: ModelSchema | undefined = schemas[modelName];
 
     // Check views if not found in models
     if (!schema) {
       const viewSchemas = this.deps.introspectViews();
       const viewSchema = viewSchemas[modelName];
       if (viewSchema) {
-        schema = { table: viewSchema.viewName, columns: viewSchema.columns || {}, foreignKeys: viewSchema.foreignKeys || {} };
+        const sourceIdType = schemas[viewSchema.source]?.idType || 'number';
+        schema = {
+          table: viewSchema.viewName,
+          idType: sourceIdType,
+          columns: viewSchema.columns || {},
+          foreignKeys: (viewSchema.foreignKeys || {}) as Record<string, ForeignKeyDef>,
+          relationships: { belongsTo: {}, hasMany: {} },
+          vectorColumns: {},
+          memory: false,
+        };
       }
     }
 
@@ -210,38 +302,44 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
     const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table, { id });
 
     try {
-      const result = await this.pool.query(sql, values);
+      const result = await this.requirePool().query(sql, values);
 
       if (result.rows.length === 0) return undefined;
 
       const rawData = this._rowToRawData(result.rows[0], schema);
-      const record = this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
+      const record = this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false }) as unknown as OrmRecord;
 
       this._evictIfNotMemory(modelName, record);
 
       return record;
     } catch (error) {
-      if (error.code === '42P01') return undefined;
+      if (isDbError(error) && error.code === '42P01') return undefined;
       throw error;
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Find all records of a model from PostgreSQL, with optional conditions.
-   * @param {string} modelName
-   * @param {Object} [conditions] - Optional WHERE conditions (key-value pairs)
-   * @returns {Promise<Record[]>}
    */
-  async findAll(modelName, conditions) {
+  async findAll(modelName: string, conditions?: Record<string, unknown>): Promise<OrmRecord[]> {
     const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
-    let schema = schemas[modelName];
+    let schema: ModelSchema | undefined = schemas[modelName];
 
     // Check views if not found in models
     if (!schema) {
       const viewSchemas = this.deps.introspectViews();
       const viewSchema = viewSchemas[modelName];
       if (viewSchema) {
-        schema = { table: viewSchema.viewName, columns: viewSchema.columns || {}, foreignKeys: viewSchema.foreignKeys || {} };
+        const sourceIdType = schemas[viewSchema.source]?.idType || 'number';
+        schema = {
+          table: viewSchema.viewName,
+          idType: sourceIdType,
+          columns: viewSchema.columns || {},
+          foreignKeys: (viewSchema.foreignKeys || {}) as Record<string, ForeignKeyDef>,
+          relationships: { belongsTo: {}, hasMany: {} },
+          vectorColumns: {},
+          memory: false,
+        };
       }
     }
 
@@ -250,11 +348,11 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
     const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildSelect(schema.table, conditions);
 
     try {
-      const result = await this.pool.query(sql, values);
+      const result = await this.requirePool().query(sql, values);
 
       const records = result.rows.map(row => {
-        const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema);
-        return this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
+        const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema!);
+        return this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false }) as unknown as OrmRecord;
       });
 
       for (const record of records) {
@@ -263,22 +361,15 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
 
       return records;
     } catch (error) {
-      if (error.code === '42P01') return [];
+      if (isDbError(error) && error.code === '42P01') return [];
       throw error;
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Perform a vector similarity search using cosine distance.
-   * @param {string} modelName
-   * @param {string} vectorColumn - Name of the vector column
-   * @param {number[]} queryVector - The query vector
-   * @param {Object} [options]
-   * @param {number} [options.limit=10]
-   * @param {Object} [options.where] - Additional conditions
-   * @returns {Promise<{ record: Record, distance: number }[]>}
    */
-  async vectorSearch(modelName, vectorColumn, queryVector, options = {}) {
+  async vectorSearch(modelName: string, vectorColumn: string, queryVector: number[], options: VectorSearchOptions = {}): Promise<SearchResult[]> {
     const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
     const schema = schemas[modelName];
     if (!schema) return [];
@@ -286,33 +377,26 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
     const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildVectorSearch(schema.table, vectorColumn, queryVector, options);
 
     try {
-      const result = await this.pool.query(sql, values);
+      const result = await this.requirePool().query(sql, values);
 
       return result.rows.map(row => {
-        const distance = row.distance;
+        const distance = row.distance as number;
         delete row.distance;
         const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema);
-        const record = this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
+        const record = this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false }) as unknown as OrmRecord;
         this._evictIfNotMemory(modelName, record);
         return { record, distance };
       });
     } catch (error) {
-      if (error.code === '42P01') return [];
+      if (isDbError(error) && error.code === '42P01') return [];
       throw error;
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Perform a hybrid search combining vector similarity with text filtering.
-   * @param {string} modelName
-   * @param {string} vectorColumn
-   * @param {number[]} queryVector
-   * @param {string} textColumn
-   * @param {string} textQuery
-   * @param {Object} [options]
-   * @returns {Promise<{ record: Record, distance: number }[]>}
    */
-  async hybridSearch(modelName, vectorColumn, queryVector, textColumn, textQuery, options = {}) {
+  async hybridSearch(modelName: string, vectorColumn: string, queryVector: number[], textColumn: string, textQuery: string, options: VectorSearchOptions = {}): Promise<SearchResult[]> {
     const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
     const schema = schemas[modelName];
     if (!schema) return [];
@@ -320,40 +404,44 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
     const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildHybridSearch(schema.table, vectorColumn, queryVector, textColumn, textQuery, options);
 
     try {
-      const result = await this.pool.query(sql, values);
+      const result = await this.requirePool().query(sql, values);
 
       return result.rows.map(row => {
-        const distance = row.distance;
+        const distance = row.distance as number;
         delete row.distance;
         const rawData = this._rowToRawData(row, schema);
-        const record = this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false });
+        const record = this.deps.createRecord(modelName, rawData, { isDbRecord: true, serialize: false, transform: false }) as unknown as OrmRecord;
         this._evictIfNotMemory(modelName, record);
         return { record, distance };
       });
     } catch (error) {
-      if (error.code === '42P01') return [];
+      if (isDbError(error) && error.code === '42P01') return [];
       throw error;
     }
   }
 
   /**
    * Remove a record from the in-memory store if its model has memory: false.
-   * The record object itself survives — the caller retains the reference.
+   * The record object itself survives -- the caller retains the reference.
    * @private
    */
-  _evictIfNotMemory(modelName, record) {
-    const store = this.deps.store;
-
-    if (store._memoryResolver && !store._memoryResolver(modelName)) {
-      const modelStore = store.get?.(modelName) ?? store.data?.get(modelName);
+  private _evictIfNotMemory(modelName: string, record: OrmRecord): void {
+    const storeRef = this.deps.store as {
+      _memoryResolver?: (name: string) => boolean;
+      get?: (name: string) => Map<unknown, unknown> | undefined;
+      data?: { get(name: string): Map<unknown, unknown> | undefined };
+    };
+
+    if (storeRef._memoryResolver && !storeRef._memoryResolver(modelName)) {
+      const modelStore = storeRef.get?.(modelName) ?? storeRef.data?.get(modelName);
       if (modelStore) modelStore.delete(record.id);
     }
   }
 
-  _rowToRawData(row, schema) {
-    const rawData = { ...row };
+  private _rowToRawData(row: Record<string, unknown>, schema: ModelSchema): Record<string, unknown> {
+    const rawData: Record<string, unknown> = { ...row };
 
-    // PostgreSQL returns native booleans and parsed JSONB — no manual conversion needed.
+    // PostgreSQL returns native booleans and parsed JSONB -- no manual conversion needed.
     // Only FK remapping and timestamp stripping required.
 
     // Map FK columns back to relationship keys
@@ -366,17 +454,17 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
       }
     }
 
-    // Remove timestamp columns — managed by PostgreSQL
+    // Remove timestamp columns -- managed by PostgreSQL
     delete rawData.created_at;
     delete rawData.updated_at;
 
     return rawData;
   }
 
-  async persist(operation, modelName, context, response) {
-    // Views are read-only — no-op for all write operations
+  async persist(operation: string, modelName: string, context: PersistContext, response: PersistResponse): Promise<void> {
+    // Views are read-only -- no-op for all write operations
     const Orm = (await import('@stonyx/orm')).default;
-    if (Orm.instance?.isView?.(modelName)) return;
+    if ((Orm.instance as { isView?: (name: string) => boolean })?.isView?.(modelName)) return;
 
     switch (operation) {
       case 'create':
@@ -388,14 +476,17 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
     }
   }
 
-  async _persistCreate(modelName, context, response) {
+  private async _persistCreate(modelName: string, _context: PersistContext, response: PersistResponse): Promise<void> {
     const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
     const schema = schemas[modelName];
 
     if (!schema) return;
 
     const recordId = response?.data?.id;
-    const record = recordId != null ? this.deps.store.get(modelName, isNaN(recordId) ? recordId : parseInt(recordId)) : null;
+    const storeRef = this.deps.store as unknown as {
+      get(name: string, id: unknown): OrmRecord | null;
+    };
+    const record = recordId != null ? storeRef.get(modelName, isNaN(recordId as number) ? recordId : parseInt(recordId as string)) : null;
 
     if (!record) return;
 
@@ -410,13 +501,13 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
 
     const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildInsert(schema.table, insertData);
 
-    const result = await this.pool.query(sql, values);
+    const result = await this.requirePool().query(sql, values);
 
     // Re-key the record in the store if PostgreSQL generated the ID (via RETURNING)
     if (isPendingId && result.rows.length > 0) {
       const pendingId = record.id;
       const realId = result.rows[0].id;
-      const modelStore = this.deps.store.get(modelName);
+      const modelStore = (this.deps.store as unknown as { get(name: string): Map<unknown, unknown> }).get(modelName);
 
       modelStore.delete(pendingId);
       record.__data.id = realId;
@@ -432,7 +523,7 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
     }
   }
 
-  async _persistUpdate(modelName, context, response) {
+  private async _persistUpdate(modelName: string, context: PersistContext, _response: PersistResponse): Promise<void> {
     const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
     const schema = schemas[modelName];
 
@@ -446,7 +537,7 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
     const currentData = record.__data;
 
     // Build a diff of changed columns
-    const changedData = {};
+    const changedData: Record<string, unknown> = {};
 
     for (const [col] of Object.entries(schema.columns)) {
       if (currentData[col] !== oldState[col]) {
@@ -457,7 +548,7 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
     // Check FK changes too
     for (const fkCol of Object.keys(schema.foreignKeys)) {
       const relName = fkCol.replace(/_id$/, '');
-      const currentFkValue = record.__relationships[relName]?.id ?? null;
+      const currentFkValue = (record.__relationships[relName] as { id: unknown } | undefined)?.id ?? null;
       const oldFkValue = oldState[relName] ?? null;
 
       if (currentFkValue !== oldFkValue) {
@@ -467,14 +558,14 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
 
     if (Object.keys(changedData).length === 0) return;
 
-    // PostgreSQL doesn't have ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP — set updated_at manually
+    // PostgreSQL doesn't have ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP -- set updated_at manually
     changedData.updated_at = new Date();
 
     const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildUpdate(schema.table, id, changedData);
-    await this.pool.query(sql, values);
+    await this.requirePool().query(sql, values);
   }
 
-  async _persistDelete(modelName, context) {
+  private async _persistDelete(modelName: string, context: PersistContext): Promise<void> {
     const schemas = this.deps.introspectModels();
     const schema = schemas[modelName];
 
@@ -484,11 +575,11 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
     if (id == null) return;
 
     const { sql, values } = this.deps.buildDelete(schema.table, id);
-    await this.pool.query(sql, values);
+    await this.requirePool().query(sql, values);
   }
 
-  _recordToRow(record, schema) {
-    const row = {};
+  private _recordToRow(record: OrmRecord, schema: ModelSchema): Record<string, unknown> {
+    const row: Record<string, unknown> = {};
     const data = record.__data;
 
     // ID
@@ -512,7 +603,7 @@ export default class PostgresDB {
       const related = record.__relationships[relName];
 
       if (related) {
-        row[fkCol] = related.id;
+        row[fkCol] = (related as { id: unknown }).id;
       } else if (data[relName] !== undefined) {
         // Raw FK value (e.g., from create payload)
         row[fkCol] = data[relName];