@statorjs/stator 2.5.0 → 2.6.0

package/src/server/dev-native.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto'
+import { realpathSync } from 'node:fs'
+import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
+import { createServer as createHttpServer } from 'node:http'
+import { register } from 'node:module'
+import { relative, resolve, sep } from 'node:path'
+import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url'
+import { MessageChannel } from 'node:worker_threads'
+import { getRequestListener } from '@hono/node-server'
+import chokidar from 'chokidar'
+import type { Hono } from 'hono'
+import {
+  bundleIslands,
+  type IslandBundle,
+  localImports,
+  routeIslandMap,
+  walkFiles,
+} from '../build/islands.ts'
+import { sourceId } from '../build/source-id.ts'
+import { CompileError, compile, formatCompileError, regionResolverFor } from '../compiler/index.ts'
+import type { AnyMachineDef, EventOf } from '../engine/index.ts'
+import { dispatchToApp } from './app-dispatch.ts'
+import { findFreePort, installGracefulShutdown, printDevBanner } from './banner.ts'
+import { type BootTeardown, discoverBoot, runBoot } from './boot.ts'
+import { resolveAppConfig } from './config-compat.ts'
+import type { DevAppConfig } from './dev.ts'
+import { findPollLoops } from './dev-lint.ts'
+import { discoverMachines } from './discovery.ts'
+import { wireAppEffects } from './effects.ts'
+import { loadDotenv } from './env.ts'
+import { buildHonoApp, contentTypeFor } from './http.ts'
+import { logger, setLogLevel } from './logger.ts'
+import { codeHashOf, codeInputsOf } from './machine-hash.ts'
+import { MachineStore } from './machine-store.ts'
+import { discoverMiddleware } from './middleware.ts'
+import { discoverRoutes } from './route-discovery.ts'
+import { InMemoryStore } from './store.ts'
+
+/**
+ * Native dev server — the Vite exit (Option D). The server runs from the app's
+ * SOURCE tree with no Vite and no mirror: `.stator` files are compiled on
+ * import by `dev-loader.mjs` (the framework compiler + esbuild on Node's loader
+ * hooks), machines/routes/middleware are discovered from their real paths, and
+ * the app is served by Hono exactly as `stator start` serves a build. Because
+ * nothing is copied, `import.meta.url`-relative paths in app code (a SQLite
+ * file, a data dir) mean the same thing in dev as in prod.
+ *
+ * The dev-only capabilities Vite used to provide are reproduced natively:
+ *  - **Live reload** — a source change bumps the version of the changed file
+ *    and its transitive importers (a static reverse import graph; the loader
+ *    stamps every app module with its own `?v=`), so exactly that subtree
+ *    re-evaluates and everything else keeps its module instance; connected
+ *    browsers reload via a tiny SSE channel (`/__stator_dev`), replacing
+ *    Vite's HMR websocket. A failed rebuild keeps the last good
+ *    graph serving and renders the error (with its code frame) in an overlay.
+ *  - **Scoped CSS + island scripts** — islands bundle through the
+ *    `bundleIslands` seam (Vite today, never on the SSR path) and are served
+ *    from memory with the concatenated scoped CSS, on the same URLs and with
+ *    the same `<head>` shape as production.
+ *
+ * See spec `toolchain-adapter-seam-and-the-vite-exit`.
+ */
+export interface NativeDevApp {
+  fetch: (request: Request) => Response | Promise<Response>
+  readonly hono: Hono
+  dispatchToApp<D extends AnyMachineDef>(
+    machine: D,
+    event: EventOf<D>,
+  ): Promise<{ committed: boolean }>
+  listen: (port: number) => Promise<void>
+  close: () => Promise<void>
+}
+
+// The dev browser client (replaces Vite's `/@vite/client`): reconnecting-EventSource
+// that reloads on a successful rebuild and renders a full-screen overlay with the
+// message on a build failure, so a compile error is visible instead of a frozen page.
+const DEV_CLIENT_SCRIPT = `(()=>{let o;const show=(m)=>{if(o)o.remove();o=document.createElement('div');o.style.cssText='position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:2147483647;margin:0;padding:24px;overflow:auto;background:#1a1015;color:#f8d7da;font:13px/1.5 ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,monospace;white-space:pre-wrap';o.textContent='stator \\u2014 build failed\\n\\n'+m;document.body.appendChild(o)};const es=new EventSource('/__stator_dev');es.onmessage=(e)=>{let m;try{m=JSON.parse(e.data)}catch{return}if(m.type==='reload')location.reload();else if(m.type==='error')show(m.message)}})()`
+
+const SKIP_DIRS = new Set(['node_modules', 'dist', 'tests', 'test', '__tests__'])
+const APP_EXT = /\.(stator|ts|tsx|mts|cts|js|mjs)$/
+/** Root-relative path segments that are never app source (mirrors SKIP_DIRS). */
+const PRUNE_DIR = /(^|\/)(node_modules|dist|tests|test|__tests__)(\/|$)/
+/** Any dot-prefixed segment: VCS/config dirs and editor temp/swap files. */
+const DOT_SEGMENT = /(^|\/)\.[^/]+/
+const EMPTY_BUNDLE: IslandBundle = { islandUrls: {}, assets: [], modules: [] }
+const norm = (p: string): string => p.replace(/\\/g, '/')
+
+export async function createNativeDevApp(config: DevAppConfig): Promise<NativeDevApp> {
+  // Real paths throughout: Node's resolver realpaths module URLs, and the
+  // per-file version map must key on what the loader sees.
+  const real = (p: string): string => {
+    try {
+      return realpathSync(p)
+    } catch {
+      return p
+    }
+  }
+  const root = real(resolve(config.root))
+  loadDotenv(root)
+
+  const resolved = resolveAppConfig(config)
+  // One session store for the life of the dev process. Rebuilds swap the
+  // MachineStore AROUND it, so sessions survive an edit unless their machine's
+  // code hash changed (hydration policy). Creating the default store inside
+  // rebuildStore would silently reset every session on any machine-touching
+  // edit — the opposite of what the per-machine hash promises.
+  const sessionStore = resolved.session ?? new InMemoryStore()
+  const logLevel = process.env.LOG_LEVEL ?? resolved.logLevel ?? 'info'
+  setLogLevel(logLevel)
+  const inspectorOn = resolved.inspector ?? true
+  const machinesDir = real(resolve(config.machinesDir))
+  const routesDir = real(resolve(config.routesDir))
+  const staticDir = config.staticDir ? real(resolve(config.staticDir)) : resolve(root, 'static')
+  // One build-id per dev process, as the Vite dev server did — rebuilds reload
+  // through the dev channel, a restart is a new id for the SSE reconnect handshake.
+  const buildId = randomUUID()
+
+  // Loaders, BEFORE the first app import. The CLI's TS loader first — a no-op
+  // extra link when the CLI already registered it, required when the dev server
+  // is started programmatically, because the dev loader (a hooks-thread module)
+  // imports the TypeScript compiler source. Then the dev loader: `.stator`
+  // compile-on-load plus per-file `?v=` stamping scoped to the app root, fed
+  // over a MessagePort.
+  const { port1, port2 } = new MessageChannel()
+  register('../cli/loader.js', import.meta.url)
+  register('./dev-loader.mjs', import.meta.url, {
+    data: { appDir: root, port: port2 },
+    transferList: [port2],
+  })
+
+  // ── Module graph + per-file versions (importer-only invalidation) ──────────
+  // An edit re-evaluates the changed file and its transitive importers — nothing
+  // else. The graph is a static regex read of relative imports (no evaluation),
+  // rebuilt on structural changes and patched per edited file otherwise; the
+  // loader stamps each app module with its version at resolve time.
+  const versions = new Map<string, number>()
+  const forward = new Map<string, Set<string>>()
+  const importers = new Map<string, Set<string>>()
+  let seq = 0
+  const acks = new Map<number, () => void>()
+  port1.on('message', (m: { type?: string; id?: number }) => {
+    if (m?.type !== 'ack' || m.id === undefined) return
+    acks.get(m.id)?.()
+    acks.delete(m.id)
+    if (acks.size === 0) port1.unref()
+  })
+  port1.unref()
+  // Bump versions and push them to the loader; resolves once the loader has
+  // them, so the next import sees the new stamps.
+  const bumpVersions = (files: Iterable<string>): Promise<void> => {
+    const entries: Array<[string, number]> = []
+    for (const f of files) {
+      const v = (versions.get(f) ?? 1) + 1
+      versions.set(f, v)
+      entries.push([f, v])
+    }
+    if (entries.length === 0) return Promise.resolve()
+    return new Promise((done) => {
+      const id = ++seq
+      acks.set(id, done)
+      port1.ref()
+      port1.postMessage({ type: 'versions', id, entries })
+    })
+  }
+  const bust = (file: string): Promise<Record<string, unknown>> =>
+    import(`${pathToFileURL(file).href}?v=${versions.get(file) ?? 1}`)
+
+  // ── Dev live-reload channel (replaces Vite's `/@vite/client` HMR socket) ────
+  const reloadClients = new Set<ReadableStreamDefaultController<Uint8Array>>()
+  const enc = new TextEncoder()
+  type DevMessage = { type: 'reload' } | { type: 'error'; message: string }
+  const broadcast = (msg: DevMessage): void => {
+    const frame = enc.encode(`data: ${JSON.stringify(msg)}\n\n`)
+    for (const c of reloadClients) {
+      try {
+        c.enqueue(frame)
+      } catch {
+        reloadClients.delete(c)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  const devReloadResponse = (): Response =>
+    new Response(
+      new ReadableStream<Uint8Array>({
+        start(controller) {
+          controller.enqueue(enc.encode(': connected\n\n'))
+          reloadClients.add(controller)
+        },
+        // A closed stream's controller throws on the next enqueue and is pruned then.
+      }),
+      {
+        headers: {
+          'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream',
+          'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
+          Connection: 'keep-alive',
+          'X-Accel-Buffering': 'no',
+        },
+      },
+    )
+
+  // ── Source scan: scoped CSS + island-ness of every `.stator` ───────────────
+  // The loader compiles each `.stator` into its server module on import; this
+  // main-thread pass compiles for the two things the <head> needs up front —
+  // scoped CSS and which files are islands. Same `sourceId`, so the scope
+  // hashes agree with the markup the loader emits.
+  interface StatorInfo {
+    css: string
+    isClient: boolean
+  }
+  const infos = new Map<string, StatorInfo>() // abs `.stator` → info
+  const skipDir = (name: string): boolean => name.startsWith('.') || SKIP_DIRS.has(name)
+  // Prune rules apply to the path RELATIVE to the app root — the root's own
+  // ancestors may legitimately contain a `tests/` or a dot-dir.
+  const relOf = (abs: string): string => norm(relative(root, abs))
+  const pruned = (rel: string): boolean =>
+    rel.startsWith('..') || PRUNE_DIR.test(rel) || DOT_SEGMENT.test(rel)
+  const isAppFile = (abs: string): boolean => APP_EXT.test(abs) && !pruned(relOf(abs))
+
+  const setEdges = (file: string, children: Set<string>): void => {
+    for (const old of forward.get(file) ?? []) importers.get(old)?.delete(file)
+    forward.set(file, children)
+    for (const child of children) {
+      const set = importers.get(child) ?? new Set<string>()
+      set.add(file)
+      importers.set(child, set)
+    }
+  }
+  const updateEdges = async (files: string[]): Promise<void> => {
+    for (const f of files) setEdges(f, new Set((await localImports(f, root)).filter(isAppFile)))
+  }
+  const buildGraph = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    forward.clear()
+    importers.clear()
+    await updateEdges(await walkFiles(root, (f) => APP_EXT.test(f), skipDir))
+  }
+  /** The changed files plus everything that (transitively) imports them. */
+  const affectedBy = (files: string[]): Set<string> => {
+    const out = new Set<string>()
+    const stack = [...files]
+    while (stack.length) {
+      const f = stack.pop()!
+      if (out.has(f)) continue
+      out.add(f)
+      for (const parent of importers.get(f) ?? []) stack.push(parent)
+    }
+    return out
+  }
+  const compileInfo = async (file: string): Promise<StatorInfo> => {
+    const source = await readFile(file, 'utf8')
+    const { id, kind } = sourceId(root, file)
+    const r = compile(source, { id, kind, resolveRegions: regionResolverFor(file, source) })
+    return { css: r.css ?? '', isClient: r.isClient }
+  }
+  // Tolerant at boot: a broken file is logged and skipped here (it surfaces
+  // with its code frame when something imports it), so one bad template
+  // doesn't keep the whole dev server from starting.
+  const scanAll = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    infos.clear()
+    for (const file of await walkFiles(root, (f) => f.endsWith('.stator'), skipDir)) {
+      try {
+        infos.set(file, await compileInfo(file))
+      } catch (err) {
+        logger.error({ file: sourceId(root, file).id, err: describe(err) }, 'compile failed')
+        infos.set(file, { css: '', isClient: false })
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  let css = ''
+  const regenCss = (): void => {
+    css = ''
+    for (const [file, info] of infos)
+      if (info.css) css += `/* ${sourceId(root, file).id} */\n${info.css}\n`
+  }
+
+  // ── Islands: bundled through the seam, held in memory ──────────────────────
+  let islands: IslandBundle = EMPTY_BUNDLE
+  const assetBodies = new Map<string, string | Uint8Array>() // URL path → body
+  let islandGraph = new Set<string>() // every source module in the last bundle
+  let routeIslands = new Map<string, string[]>() // abs route file → island rels
+  const islandFiles = (): string[] => [...infos].filter(([, i]) => i.isClient).map(([f]) => f)
+  const rebundleIslands = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    const entries = islandFiles().map((file) => ({ rel: sourceId(root, file).id, file }))
+    // Inline sourcemaps in dev: browser devtools show island SOURCE, and the
+    // in-memory bundle stays self-contained (no `.map` files to serve).
+    islands = entries.length
+      ? await bundleIslands({ root, machinesDir, entries, sourcemap: true })
+      : EMPTY_BUNDLE
+    assetBodies.clear()
+    for (const a of islands.assets) assetBodies.set(`/static/assets/${a.fileName}`, a.source)
+    islandGraph = new Set(islands.modules)
+  }
+  const remapRoutes = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    const shells = new Map(islandFiles().map((file) => [file, sourceId(root, file).id]))
+    routeIslands = await routeIslandMap({ routesDir, baseDir: root, shells })
+  }
+
+  // Production head shape (CSS link + per-route island scripts), then the dev
+  // inspector and the reload client layered on top.
+  const headExtras = (routeFile: string): string => {
+    const head: string[] = []
+    if (css) head.push('<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/components.css">')
+    for (const rel of routeIslands.get(resolve(routeFile)) ?? []) {
+      const url = islands.islandUrls[rel]
+      if (url) head.push(`<script type="module" src="${url}"></script>`)
+    }
+    if (inspectorOn) head.push('<script src="/@stator/inspector.js" defer></script>')
+    head.push(`<script>${DEV_CLIENT_SCRIPT}</script>`)
+    return head.join('\n')
+  }
+
+  // Dev-owned URLs answered ahead of the app: the reload channel and the
+  // in-memory build outputs. Everything else — including the app's real
+  // `static/` dir, served in place — falls through to Hono.
+  const noCache = (type: string): HeadersInit => ({
+    'Content-Type': type,
+    'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
+  })
+  const serveDev = (request: Request): Response | undefined => {
+    const { pathname } = new URL(request.url)
+    if (pathname === '/__stator_dev') return devReloadResponse()
+    if (pathname === '/static/components.css' && css)
+      return new Response(css, { headers: noCache('text/css; charset=utf-8') })
+    const body = assetBodies.get(pathname)
+    if (body !== undefined)
+      return new Response(typeof body === 'string' ? body : new Uint8Array(body), {
+        headers: noCache(contentTypeFor(pathname)),
+      })
+    return undefined
+  }
+
+  // ── App graph (rebuilt on edits) ────────────────────────────────────────────
+  let store: MachineStore
+  let defs: AnyMachineDef[] = []
+  let routes: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof discoverRoutes>> = []
+  let machineCount = 0
+  let app: Hono
+  const handle = (request: Request): Response | Promise<Response> =>
+    serveDev(request) ?? app.fetch(request)
+
+  // Which machines' code hashes changed across a store rebuild — the sessions
+  // of exactly those start fresh on their next request (hydration policy).
+  const rebuildStore = async (): Promise<string[]> => {
+    const before = new Map(defs.map((d) => [d.name, codeHashOf(d)]))
+    defs = (await discoverMachines(machinesDir, bust)).defs
+    machineCount = defs.length
+    const changed = defs.filter((d) => before.has(d.name) && before.get(d.name) !== codeHashOf(d))
+    store = new MachineStore(defs, sessionStore, {
+      sessionTtlSeconds: resolved.sessionTtlSeconds,
+      appStore: resolved.app,
+    })
+    wireAppEffects(store)
+    await store.bootAppMachines()
+    // Dev-only lint: a session machine whose `after` timer drives a loop with
+    // a data-loading entry effect is server-side polling that runs for
+    // sessions nobody is watching. Warn with the steer, don't block.
+    for (const f of findPollLoops(defs)) {
+      console.warn(
+        `stator: session machine "${f.machine}" self-reschedules through \`after\` ` +
+          `(${f.cycle.join(' → ')} via ${f.event}) with a data-loading entry effect on the loop. ` +
+          `This polls upstream for sessions nobody is watching. Prefer a client-owned clock ` +
+          `with a staleness guard — see the effects guide, "Who owns the clock".`,
+      )
+    }
+    return changed.map((d) => d.name)
+  }
+
+  // An edit touches a machine when the file is in that machine's hashed
+  // closure — the machine file itself or anything it imports. (A file under
+  // machines/ that no machine reaches is still a structural change to the set.)
+  const touchesMachine = (files: string[]): boolean =>
+    files.some(
+      (f) => f.startsWith(machinesDir + sep) || defs.some((d) => codeInputsOf(d).includes(f)),
+    )
+
+  const rebuildServer = async (): Promise<void> => {
+    routes = await discoverRoutes(routesDir, bust)
+    const middleware = await discoverMiddleware(resolve(root, 'middleware.ts'), bust)
+    await remapRoutes()
+    app = await buildHonoApp({
+      routes,
+      store,
+      staticDir,
+      headExtras,
+      inspector: inspectorOn,
+      trustedOrigins: resolved.trustedOrigins,
+      sameSite: resolved.sameSite,
+      origin: resolved.origin,
+      secret: resolved.secret,
+      buildId,
+      cors: resolved.cors,
+      middleware,
+    })
+  }
+
+  await scanAll()
+  await buildGraph()
+  regenCss()
+  await rebundleIslands()
+  await rebuildStore()
+  await rebuildServer()
+
+  // boot.ts once per process (a long-lived source shouldn't restart on edits).
+  const bootDef = await discoverBoot(resolve(root, 'boot.ts'), bust)
+
+  // ── Watch → recompile → reload ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Recompile just what changed, then bump the changed files + their importers
+  // so exactly that subtree re-evaluates. Islands rebundle only when an edit
+  // touches a module the last bundle contained (the seam reports that set), a
+  // file became an island, or the file set changed; machine edits rebuild the
+  // store; everything rebuilds the server graph.
+  const doRebuild = async (files: string[], structural: boolean): Promise<void> => {
+    const t0 = performance.now()
+    let rebundled = false
+    let storeRebuilt = false
+    let machinesChanged: string[] = []
+    try {
+      if (structural) {
+        await scanAll()
+        await buildGraph()
+      } else {
+        for (const f of files) if (f.endsWith('.stator')) infos.set(f, await compileInfo(f))
+        await updateEdges(files)
+      }
+      const affected = affectedBy(files)
+      await bumpVersions(affected)
+      regenCss()
+      const needsBundle =
+        structural || files.some((f) => islandGraph.has(norm(f)) || infos.get(f)?.isClient)
+      if (needsBundle) {
+        await rebundleIslands()
+        rebundled = true
+      }
+      if (touchesMachine(files)) {
+        machinesChanged = await rebuildStore()
+        storeRebuilt = true
+      }
+      await rebuildServer()
+      broadcast({ type: 'reload' })
+      logger.info(
+        {
+          ms: Math.round(performance.now() - t0),
+          modules: affected.size,
+          islands: rebundled,
+          store: storeRebuilt,
+          routes: routes.length,
+          files: files.map((f) => sourceId(root, f).id),
+        },
+        'reloaded',
+      )
+      if (storeRebuilt) {
+        logger.info(
+          { machines: machinesChanged },
+          machinesChanged.length
+            ? 'machine code changed — their sessions start fresh on the next request'
+            : 'machine files changed but no machine code changed — sessions carry over',
+        )
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      // Keep serving the last good graph, but surface the failure (with its code
+      // frame for a compile error) in the browser instead of a frozen page.
+      const message = describe(err)
+      logger.error(
+        { err: message, structural, files: files.map((f) => sourceId(root, f).id) },
+        'reload failed',
+      )
+      broadcast({ type: 'error', message })
+    }
+  }
+
+  const changed = new Set<string>()
+  let structural = false
+  let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined
+  let reloadChain: Promise<void> = Promise.resolve()
+  // chokidar gives reliable add/change/unlink events across macOS/Linux/Windows,
+  // and awaitWriteFinish coalesces an editor's atomic save (temp write + rename)
+  // into one settled event — the cross-platform robustness `fs.watch` lacks.
+  const watcher = chokidar.watch(root, {
+    ignoreInitial: true,
+    // Prune deps/build-output/VCS/tests and dotfile+editor-temp artifacts at the
+    // directory level, so the watch never descends node_modules.
+    ignored: (p: string) => {
+      const rel = relOf(resolve(p))
+      return rel !== '' && pruned(rel)
+    },
+    // 20 ms is enough to see a rename-style atomic save settle; a torn read
+    // only costs one overlay, which the next settled write clears.
+    awaitWriteFinish: { stabilityThreshold: 20, pollInterval: 10 },
+  })
+  const onEvent = (event: 'add' | 'change' | 'unlink', p: string): void => {
+    const abs = resolve(p)
+    if (!isAppFile(abs)) return
+    changed.add(abs)
+    // add/unlink change the file SET → rescan; a plain edit stays incremental.
+    if (event === 'add' || event === 'unlink') structural = true
+    // Small debounce to coalesce a multi-file save (awaitWriteFinish already
+    // settled each file, so this only groups a batch).
+    clearTimeout(timer)
+    timer = setTimeout(() => {
+      const files = [...changed]
+      const wasStructural = structural
+      changed.clear()
+      structural = false
+      reloadChain = reloadChain.then(() => doRebuild(files, wasStructural))
+    }, 20)
+  }
+  watcher.on('add', (p) => onEvent('add', p))
+  watcher.on('change', (p) => onEvent('change', p))
+  watcher.on('unlink', (p) => onEvent('unlink', p))
+
+  return {
+    fetch: handle,
+    get hono() {
+      return app
+    },
+    dispatchToApp: (machine, event) => dispatchToApp(store, machine, event),
+    listen(port: number): Promise<void> {
+      const listener = getRequestListener(handle)
+      const server = createHttpServer(listener)
+      return findFreePort(port).then(
+        (freePort) =>
+          new Promise((resolveFn) => {
+            server.listen(freePort, async () => {
+              printDevBanner({
+                port: freePort,
+                requestedPort: port,
+                machines: machineCount,
+                routes: routes.length,
+                inspector: inspectorOn,
+              })
+              const teardown: BootTeardown | undefined = await runBoot(bootDef, {
+                dispatchToApp: (machine, event) => dispatchToApp(store, machine, event),
+                config: {
+                  origin: resolved.origin,
+                  trustedOrigins: resolved.trustedOrigins ?? [],
+                  sameSite: resolved.sameSite ?? 'Lax',
+                  cors: resolved.cors,
+                },
+              })
+              installGracefulShutdown(async () => {
+                if (teardown) await teardown()
+                await watcher.close()
+                await new Promise<void>((done) => server.close(() => done()))
+              })
+              resolveFn()
+            })
+          }),
+      )
+    },
+    close: async () => {
+      await watcher.close()
+      port1.close()
+    },
+  }
+}
+
+/** Error text for logs and the overlay — a located compile error renders with
+ *  its file:line:column and code frame. */
+function describe(err: unknown): string {
+  if (err instanceof CompileError) return formatCompileError(err)
+  return err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+}