@speclynx/apidom-reference 1.12.1

package/src/dereference/strategies/openapi-3-0/index.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import { createNamespace, visit, cloneDeep } from '@speclynx/apidom-core';
+import openApi3_0Namespace, { getNodeType, isOpenApi3_0Element, keyMap, mediaTypes } from '@speclynx/apidom-ns-openapi-3-0';
+import DereferenceStrategy from "../DereferenceStrategy.mjs";
+import Reference from "../../../Reference.mjs";
+import ReferenceSet from "../../../ReferenceSet.mjs";
+import OpenAPI3_0DereferenceVisitor from "./visitor.mjs";
+// @ts-ignore
+const visitAsync = visit[Symbol.for('nodejs.util.promisify.custom')];
+
+/**
+ * @public
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @public
+ */
+class OpenAPI3_0DereferenceStrategy extends DereferenceStrategy {
+  constructor(options) {
+    super({
+      ...(options ?? {}),
+      name: 'openapi-3-0'
+    });
+  }
+  canDereference(file) {
+    // assert by media type
+    if (file.mediaType !== 'text/plain') {
+      return mediaTypes.includes(file.mediaType);
+    }
+
+    // assert by inspecting ApiDOM
+    return isOpenApi3_0Element(file.parseResult?.api);
+  }
+  async dereference(file, options) {
+    const namespace = createNamespace(openApi3_0Namespace);
+    const immutableRefSet = options.dereference.refSet ?? new ReferenceSet();
+    const mutableRefSet = new ReferenceSet();
+    let refSet = immutableRefSet;
+    let reference;
+
+    // determine the initial reference
+    if (!immutableRefSet.has(file.uri)) {
+      reference = new Reference({
+        uri: file.uri,
+        value: file.parseResult
+      });
+      immutableRefSet.add(reference);
+    } else {
+      // pre-computed refSet was provided as configuration option
+      reference = immutableRefSet.find(ref => ref.uri === file.uri);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clone refSet due the dereferencing process being mutable.
+     * We don't want to mutate the original refSet and the references.
+     */
+    if (options.dereference.immutable) {
+      immutableRefSet.refs.map(ref => new Reference({
+        ...ref,
+        value: cloneDeep(ref.value)
+      })).forEach(ref => mutableRefSet.add(ref));
+      reference = mutableRefSet.find(ref => ref.uri === file.uri);
+      refSet = mutableRefSet;
+    }
+    const visitor = new OpenAPI3_0DereferenceVisitor({
+      reference: reference,
+      namespace,
+      options
+    });
+    const dereferencedElement = await visitAsync(refSet.rootRef.value, visitor, {
+      keyMap,
+      nodeTypeGetter: getNodeType
+    });
+
+    /**
+     * If immutable option is set, replay refs from the refSet.
+     */
+    if (options.dereference.immutable) {
+      mutableRefSet.refs.filter(ref => ref.uri.startsWith('immutable://')).map(ref => new Reference({
+        ...ref,
+        uri: ref.uri.replace(/^immutable:\/\//, '')
+      })).forEach(ref => immutableRefSet.add(ref));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Release all memory if this refSet was not provided as a configuration option.
+     * If provided as configuration option, then provider is responsible for cleanup.
+     */
+    if (options.dereference.refSet === null) {
+      immutableRefSet.clean();
+    }
+    mutableRefSet.clean();
+    return dereferencedElement;
+  }
+}
+export { OpenAPI3_0DereferenceVisitor };
+export default OpenAPI3_0DereferenceStrategy;

package/src/dereference/strategies/openapi-3-0/visitor.cjs

@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+"use strict";
+
+var _interopRequireWildcard = require("@babel/runtime-corejs3/helpers/interopRequireWildcard").default;
+var _interopRequireDefault = require("@babel/runtime-corejs3/helpers/interopRequireDefault").default;
+exports.__esModule = true;
+exports.mutationReplacer = exports.default = void 0;
+var _ramda = require("ramda");
+var _ramdaAdjunct = require("ramda-adjunct");
+var _apidomCore = require("@speclynx/apidom-core");
+var _apidomError = require("@speclynx/apidom-error");
+var _apidomJsonPointer = require("@speclynx/apidom-json-pointer");
+var _apidomNsOpenapi = require("@speclynx/apidom-ns-openapi-3-0");
+var _MaximumDereferenceDepthError = _interopRequireDefault(require("../../../errors/MaximumDereferenceDepthError.cjs"));
+var _MaximumResolveDepthError = _interopRequireDefault(require("../../../errors/MaximumResolveDepthError.cjs"));
+var url = _interopRequireWildcard(require("../../../util/url.cjs"));
+var _index = _interopRequireDefault(require("../../../parse/index.cjs"));
+var _Reference = _interopRequireDefault(require("../../../Reference.cjs"));
+var _util = require("../../util.cjs");
+// @ts-ignore
+const visitAsync = _apidomCore.visit[Symbol.for('nodejs.util.promisify.custom')];
+
+// initialize element identity manager
+const identityManager = new _apidomCore.IdentityManager();
+
+/**
+ * Custom mutation replacer.
+ * @public
+ */
+const mutationReplacer = (newElement, oldElement, key, parent) => {
+  if ((0, _apidomCore.isMemberElement)(parent)) {
+    parent.value = newElement;
+  } else if (Array.isArray(parent)) {
+    parent[key] = newElement;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @public
+ */
+exports.mutationReplacer = mutationReplacer;
+/**
+ * @public
+ */
+class OpenAPI3_0DereferenceVisitor {
+  indirections;
+  namespace;
+  reference;
+  options;
+  ancestors;
+  refractCache;
+  constructor({
+    reference,
+    namespace,
+    options,
+    indirections = [],
+    ancestors = new _util.AncestorLineage(),
+    refractCache = new Map()
+  }) {
+    this.indirections = indirections;
+    this.namespace = namespace;
+    this.reference = reference;
+    this.options = options;
+    this.ancestors = new _util.AncestorLineage(...ancestors);
+    this.refractCache = refractCache;
+  }
+  toBaseURI(uri) {
+    return url.resolve(this.reference.uri, url.sanitize(url.stripHash(uri)));
+  }
+  async toReference(uri) {
+    // detect maximum depth of resolution
+    if (this.reference.depth >= this.options.resolve.maxDepth) {
+      throw new _MaximumResolveDepthError.default(`Maximum resolution depth of ${this.options.resolve.maxDepth} has been exceeded by file "${this.reference.uri}"`);
+    }
+    const baseURI = this.toBaseURI(uri);
+    const {
+      refSet
+    } = this.reference;
+
+    // we've already processed this Reference in past
+    if (refSet.has(baseURI)) {
+      return refSet.find((0, _ramda.propEq)(baseURI, 'uri'));
+    }
+    const parseResult = await (0, _index.default)(url.unsanitize(baseURI), {
+      ...this.options,
+      parse: {
+        ...this.options.parse,
+        mediaType: 'text/plain'
+      }
+    });
+
+    // register new mutable reference with a refSet
+    const mutableReference = new _Reference.default({
+      uri: baseURI,
+      value: (0, _apidomCore.cloneDeep)(parseResult),
+      depth: this.reference.depth + 1
+    });
+    refSet.add(mutableReference);
+    if (this.options.dereference.immutable) {
+      // register new immutable reference with a refSet
+      const immutableReference = new _Reference.default({
+        uri: `immutable://${baseURI}`,
+        value: parseResult,
+        depth: this.reference.depth + 1
+      });
+      refSet.add(immutableReference);
+    }
+    return mutableReference;
+  }
+  toAncestorLineage(ancestors) {
+    /**
+     * Compute full ancestors lineage.
+     * Ancestors are flatten to unwrap all Element instances.
+     */
+    const directAncestors = new Set(ancestors.filter(_apidomCore.isElement));
+    const ancestorsLineage = new _util.AncestorLineage(...this.ancestors, directAncestors);
+    return [ancestorsLineage, directAncestors];
+  }
+  async ReferenceElement(referencingElement, key, parent, path, ancestors, link) {
+    // skip current referencing element as it's already been access
+    if (this.indirections.includes(referencingElement)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const [ancestorsLineage, directAncestors] = this.toAncestorLineage([...ancestors, parent]);
+    const retrievalURI = this.toBaseURI((0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.$ref));
+    const isInternalReference = url.stripHash(this.reference.uri) === retrievalURI;
+    const isExternalReference = !isInternalReference;
+
+    // ignore resolving internal Reference Objects
+    if (!this.options.resolve.internal && isInternalReference) {
+      // skip traversing this reference element
+      return false;
+    }
+    // ignore resolving external Reference Objects
+    if (!this.options.resolve.external && isExternalReference) {
+      // skip traversing this reference element
+      return false;
+    }
+    const reference = await this.toReference((0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.$ref));
+    const $refBaseURI = url.resolve(retrievalURI, (0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.$ref));
+    this.indirections.push(referencingElement);
+    const jsonPointer = _apidomJsonPointer.URIFragmentIdentifier.fromURIReference($refBaseURI);
+
+    // possibly non-semantic fragment
+    let referencedElement = (0, _apidomJsonPointer.evaluate)(reference.value.result, jsonPointer);
+    referencedElement.id = identityManager.identify(referencedElement);
+
+    /**
+     * Applying semantics to a referenced element if semantics are missing.
+     */
+    if ((0, _apidomCore.isPrimitiveElement)(referencedElement)) {
+      const referencedElementType = (0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.meta.get('referenced-element'));
+      const cacheKey = `${referencedElementType}-${(0, _apidomCore.toValue)(identityManager.identify(referencedElement))}`;
+      if (this.refractCache.has(cacheKey)) {
+        referencedElement = this.refractCache.get(cacheKey);
+      } else if ((0, _apidomNsOpenapi.isReferenceLikeElement)(referencedElement)) {
+        // handling indirect references
+        referencedElement = _apidomNsOpenapi.ReferenceElement.refract(referencedElement);
+        referencedElement.setMetaProperty('referenced-element', referencedElementType);
+        this.refractCache.set(cacheKey, referencedElement);
+      } else {
+        // handling direct references
+        const ElementClass = this.namespace.getElementClass(referencedElementType);
+        referencedElement = ElementClass.refract(referencedElement);
+        this.refractCache.set(cacheKey, referencedElement);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // detect direct or circular reference
+    if (referencingElement === referencedElement) {
+      throw new _apidomError.ApiDOMError('Recursive Reference Object detected');
+    }
+
+    // detect maximum depth of dereferencing
+    if (this.indirections.length > this.options.dereference.maxDepth) {
+      throw new _MaximumDereferenceDepthError.default(`Maximum dereference depth of "${this.options.dereference.maxDepth}" has been exceeded in file "${this.reference.uri}"`);
+    }
+
+    // detect second deep dive into the same fragment and avoid it
+    if (ancestorsLineage.includes(referencedElement)) {
+      reference.refSet.circular = true;
+      if (this.options.dereference.circular === 'error') {
+        throw new _apidomError.ApiDOMError('Circular reference detected');
+      } else if (this.options.dereference.circular === 'replace') {
+        const refElement = new _apidomCore.RefElement(referencedElement.id, {
+          type: 'reference',
+          uri: reference.uri,
+          $ref: (0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.$ref)
+        });
+        const replacer = this.options.dereference.strategyOpts['openapi-3-0']?.circularReplacer ?? this.options.dereference.circularReplacer;
+        const replacement = replacer(refElement);
+        link.replaceWith(replacement, mutationReplacer);
+        return !parent ? replacement : false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dive deep into the fragment.
+     *
+     * Cases to consider:
+     *  1. We're crossing document boundary
+     *  2. Fragment is from non-entry document
+     *  3. Fragment is a Reference Object. We need to follow it to get the eventual value
+     *  4. We are dereferencing the fragment lazily/eagerly depending on circular mode
+     */
+    const isNonEntryDocument = url.stripHash(reference.refSet.rootRef.uri) !== reference.uri;
+    const shouldDetectCircular = ['error', 'replace'].includes(this.options.dereference.circular);
+    if ((isExternalReference || isNonEntryDocument || (0, _apidomNsOpenapi.isReferenceElement)(referencedElement) || shouldDetectCircular) && !ancestorsLineage.includesCycle(referencedElement)) {
+      // append referencing reference to ancestors lineage
+      directAncestors.add(referencingElement);
+      const visitor = new OpenAPI3_0DereferenceVisitor({
+        reference,
+        namespace: this.namespace,
+        indirections: [...this.indirections],
+        options: this.options,
+        refractCache: this.refractCache,
+        ancestors: ancestorsLineage
+      });
+      referencedElement = await visitAsync(referencedElement, visitor, {
+        keyMap: _apidomNsOpenapi.keyMap,
+        nodeTypeGetter: _apidomNsOpenapi.getNodeType
+      });
+
+      // remove referencing reference from ancestors lineage
+      directAncestors.delete(referencingElement);
+    }
+    this.indirections.pop();
+
+    /**
+     * Creating a new version of referenced element to avoid modifying the original one.
+     */
+    const mergedElement = (0, _apidomCore.cloneShallow)(referencedElement);
+    // assign unique id to merged element
+    mergedElement.setMetaProperty('id', identityManager.generateId());
+    // annotate referenced element with info about original referencing element
+    mergedElement.setMetaProperty('ref-fields', {
+      $ref: (0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.$ref)
+    });
+    // annotate fragment with info about origin
+    mergedElement.setMetaProperty('ref-origin', reference.uri);
+    // annotate fragment with info about referencing element
+    mergedElement.setMetaProperty('ref-referencing-element-id', (0, _apidomCore.cloneDeep)(identityManager.identify(referencingElement)));
+
+    /**
+     * Transclude referencing element with merged referenced element.
+     */
+    link.replaceWith(mergedElement, mutationReplacer);
+
+    /**
+     * We're at the root of the tree, so we're just replacing the entire tree.
+     */
+    return !parent ? mergedElement : false;
+  }
+  async PathItemElement(referencingElement, key, parent, path, ancestors, link) {
+    // ignore PathItemElement without $ref field
+    if (!(0, _apidomCore.isStringElement)(referencingElement.$ref)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // skip current referencing element as it's already been access
+    if (this.indirections.includes(referencingElement)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const [ancestorsLineage, directAncestors] = this.toAncestorLineage([...ancestors, parent]);
+    const retrievalURI = this.toBaseURI((0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.$ref));
+    const isInternalReference = url.stripHash(this.reference.uri) === retrievalURI;
+    const isExternalReference = !isInternalReference;
+
+    // ignore resolving internal Path Item Objects
+    if (!this.options.resolve.internal && isInternalReference) {
+      // skip traversing this Path Item element but traverse all it's child elements
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    // ignore resolving external Path Item Objects
+    if (!this.options.resolve.external && isExternalReference) {
+      // skip traversing this Path Item element but traverse all it's child elements
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    const reference = await this.toReference((0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.$ref));
+    const $refBaseURI = url.resolve(retrievalURI, (0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.$ref));
+    this.indirections.push(referencingElement);
+    const jsonPointer = _apidomJsonPointer.URIFragmentIdentifier.fromURIReference($refBaseURI);
+
+    // possibly non-semantic referenced element
+    let referencedElement = (0, _apidomJsonPointer.evaluate)(reference.value.result, jsonPointer);
+    referencedElement.id = identityManager.identify(referencedElement);
+
+    /**
+     * Applying semantics to a referenced element if semantics are missing.
+     */
+    if (!(0, _apidomNsOpenapi.isPathItemElement)(referencedElement)) {
+      const cacheKey = `path-item-${(0, _apidomCore.toValue)(identityManager.identify(referencedElement))}`;
+      if (this.refractCache.has(cacheKey)) {
+        referencedElement = this.refractCache.get(cacheKey);
+      } else {
+        referencedElement = _apidomNsOpenapi.PathItemElement.refract(referencedElement);
+        this.refractCache.set(cacheKey, referencedElement);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // detect direct or circular reference
+    if (referencingElement === referencedElement) {
+      throw new _apidomError.ApiDOMError('Recursive Path Item Object reference detected');
+    }
+
+    // detect maximum depth of dereferencing
+    if (this.indirections.length > this.options.dereference.maxDepth) {
+      throw new _MaximumDereferenceDepthError.default(`Maximum dereference depth of "${this.options.dereference.maxDepth}" has been exceeded in file "${this.reference.uri}"`);
+    }
+
+    // detect second deep dive into the same fragment and avoid it
+    if (ancestorsLineage.includes(referencedElement)) {
+      reference.refSet.circular = true;
+      if (this.options.dereference.circular === 'error') {
+        throw new _apidomError.ApiDOMError('Circular reference detected');
+      } else if (this.options.dereference.circular === 'replace') {
+        const refElement = new _apidomCore.RefElement(referencedElement.id, {
+          type: 'path-item',
+          uri: reference.uri,
+          $ref: (0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.$ref)
+        });
+        const replacer = this.options.dereference.strategyOpts['openapi-3-0']?.circularReplacer ?? this.options.dereference.circularReplacer;
+        const replacement = replacer(refElement);
+        link.replaceWith(replacement, mutationReplacer);
+        return !parent ? replacement : undefined;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dive deep into the fragment.
+     *
+     * Cases to consider:
+     *  1. We're crossing document boundary
+     *  2. Fragment is from non-entry document
+     *  3. Fragment is a Path Item Object with $ref field. We need to follow it to get the eventual value
+     *  4. We are dereferencing the fragment lazily/eagerly depending on circular mode
+     */
+    const isNonEntryDocument = url.stripHash(reference.refSet.rootRef.uri) !== reference.uri;
+    const shouldDetectCircular = ['error', 'replace'].includes(this.options.dereference.circular);
+    if ((isExternalReference || isNonEntryDocument || (0, _apidomNsOpenapi.isPathItemElement)(referencedElement) && (0, _apidomCore.isStringElement)(referencedElement.$ref) || shouldDetectCircular) && !ancestorsLineage.includesCycle(referencedElement)) {
+      // append referencing reference to ancestors lineage
+      directAncestors.add(referencingElement);
+      const visitor = new OpenAPI3_0DereferenceVisitor({
+        reference,
+        namespace: this.namespace,
+        indirections: [...this.indirections],
+        options: this.options,
+        refractCache: this.refractCache,
+        ancestors: ancestorsLineage
+      });
+      referencedElement = await visitAsync(referencedElement, visitor, {
+        keyMap: _apidomNsOpenapi.keyMap,
+        nodeTypeGetter: _apidomNsOpenapi.getNodeType
+      });
+
+      // remove referencing reference from ancestors lineage
+      directAncestors.delete(referencingElement);
+    }
+    this.indirections.pop();
+
+    /**
+     * Creating a new version of Path Item by merging fields from referenced Path Item with referencing one.
+     */
+    if ((0, _apidomNsOpenapi.isPathItemElement)(referencedElement)) {
+      const mergedElement = new _apidomNsOpenapi.PathItemElement([...referencedElement.content], (0, _apidomCore.cloneDeep)(referencedElement.meta), (0, _apidomCore.cloneDeep)(referencedElement.attributes));
+      // assign unique id to merged element
+      mergedElement.setMetaProperty('id', identityManager.generateId());
+      // existing keywords from referencing PathItemElement overrides ones from referenced element
+      referencingElement.forEach((value, keyElement, item) => {
+        mergedElement.remove((0, _apidomCore.toValue)(keyElement));
+        mergedElement.content.push(item);
+      });
+      mergedElement.remove('$ref');
+
+      // annotate referenced element with info about original referencing element
+      mergedElement.setMetaProperty('ref-fields', {
+        $ref: (0, _apidomCore.toValue)(referencingElement.$ref)
+      });
+      // annotate referenced element with info about origin
+      mergedElement.setMetaProperty('ref-origin', reference.uri);
+      // annotate fragment with info about referencing element
+      mergedElement.setMetaProperty('ref-referencing-element-id', (0, _apidomCore.cloneDeep)(identityManager.identify(referencingElement)));
+      referencedElement = mergedElement;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Transclude referencing element with merged referenced element.
+     */
+    link.replaceWith(referencedElement, mutationReplacer);
+
+    /**
+     * We're at the root of the tree, so we're just replacing the entire tree.
+     */
+    return !parent ? referencedElement : undefined;
+  }
+  async LinkElement(linkElement, key, parent, path, ancestors, link) {
+    // ignore LinkElement without operationRef or operationId field
+    if (!(0, _apidomCore.isStringElement)(linkElement.operationRef) && !(0, _apidomCore.isStringElement)(linkElement.operationId)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // operationRef and operationId fields are mutually exclusive
+    if ((0, _apidomCore.isStringElement)(linkElement.operationRef) && (0, _apidomCore.isStringElement)(linkElement.operationId)) {
+      throw new _apidomError.ApiDOMError('LinkElement operationRef and operationId fields are mutually exclusive.');
+    }
+    let operationElement;
+    if ((0, _apidomCore.isStringElement)(linkElement.operationRef)) {
+      // possibly non-semantic referenced element
+      const jsonPointer = _apidomJsonPointer.URIFragmentIdentifier.fromURIReference((0, _apidomCore.toValue)(linkElement.operationRef));
+      const retrievalURI = this.toBaseURI((0, _apidomCore.toValue)(linkElement.operationRef));
+      const isInternalReference = url.stripHash(this.reference.uri) === retrievalURI;
+      const isExternalReference = !isInternalReference;
+
+      // ignore resolving internal Operation Object reference
+      if (!this.options.resolve.internal && isInternalReference) {
+        // skip traversing this Link element but traverse all it's child elements
+        return undefined;
+      }
+      // ignore resolving external Operation Object reference
+      if (!this.options.resolve.external && isExternalReference) {
+        // skip traversing this Link element but traverse all it's child elements
+        return undefined;
+      }
+      const reference = await this.toReference((0, _apidomCore.toValue)(linkElement.operationRef));
+      operationElement = (0, _apidomJsonPointer.evaluate)(reference.value.result, jsonPointer);
+      // applying semantics to a referenced element
+      if ((0, _apidomCore.isPrimitiveElement)(operationElement)) {
+        const cacheKey = `operation-${(0, _apidomCore.toValue)(identityManager.identify(operationElement))}`;
+        if (this.refractCache.has(cacheKey)) {
+          operationElement = this.refractCache.get(cacheKey);
+        } else {
+          operationElement = _apidomNsOpenapi.OperationElement.refract(operationElement);
+          this.refractCache.set(cacheKey, operationElement);
+        }
+      }
+      // create shallow clone to be able to annotate with metadata
+      operationElement = (0, _apidomCore.cloneShallow)(operationElement);
+      // annotate operation element with info about origin
+      operationElement.setMetaProperty('ref-origin', reference.uri);
+      const linkElementCopy = (0, _apidomCore.cloneShallow)(linkElement);
+      linkElementCopy.operationRef?.meta.set('operation', operationElement);
+
+      /**
+       * Transclude Link Object containing Operation Object in its meta.
+       */
+      link.replaceWith(linkElementCopy, mutationReplacer);
+
+      /**
+       * We're at the root of the tree, so we're just replacing the entire tree.
+       */
+      return !parent ? linkElementCopy : undefined;
+    }
+    if ((0, _apidomCore.isStringElement)(linkElement.operationId)) {
+      const operationId = (0, _apidomCore.toValue)(linkElement.operationId);
+      const reference = await this.toReference(url.unsanitize(this.reference.uri));
+      operationElement = (0, _apidomCore.find)(e => (0, _apidomNsOpenapi.isOperationElement)(e) && (0, _apidomCore.isElement)(e.operationId) && e.operationId.equals(operationId), reference.value.result);
+      // OperationElement not found by its operationId
+      if ((0, _ramdaAdjunct.isUndefined)(operationElement)) {
+        throw new _apidomError.ApiDOMError(`OperationElement(operationId=${operationId}) not found.`);
+      }
+      const linkElementCopy = (0, _apidomCore.cloneShallow)(linkElement);
+      linkElementCopy.operationId?.meta.set('operation', operationElement);
+
+      /**
+       * Transclude Link Object containing Operation Object in its meta.
+       */
+      link.replaceWith(linkElementCopy, mutationReplacer);
+
+      /**
+       * We're at the root of the tree, so we're just replacing the entire tree.
+       */
+      return !parent ? linkElementCopy : undefined;
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  async ExampleElement(exampleElement, key, parent, path, ancestors, link) {
+    // ignore ExampleElement without externalValue field
+    if (!(0, _apidomCore.isStringElement)(exampleElement.externalValue)) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // value and externalValue fields are mutually exclusive
+    if (exampleElement.hasKey('value') && (0, _apidomCore.isStringElement)(exampleElement.externalValue)) {
+      throw new _apidomError.ApiDOMError('ExampleElement value and externalValue fields are mutually exclusive.');
+    }
+    const retrievalURI = this.toBaseURI((0, _apidomCore.toValue)(exampleElement.externalValue));
+    const isInternalReference = url.stripHash(this.reference.uri) === retrievalURI;
+    const isExternalReference = !isInternalReference;
+
+    // ignore resolving external Example Objects
+    if (!this.options.resolve.internal && isInternalReference) {
+      // skip traversing this Example element but traverse all it's child elements
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    // ignore resolving external Example Objects
+    if (!this.options.resolve.external && isExternalReference) {
+      // skip traversing this Example element but traverse all it's child elements
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    const reference = await this.toReference((0, _apidomCore.toValue)(exampleElement.externalValue));
+
+    // shallow clone of the referenced element
+    const valueElement = (0, _apidomCore.cloneShallow)(reference.value.result);
+    // annotate operation element with info about origin
+    valueElement.setMetaProperty('ref-origin', reference.uri);
+    const exampleElementCopy = (0, _apidomCore.cloneShallow)(exampleElement);
+    exampleElementCopy.value = valueElement;
+
+    /**
+     * Transclude Example Object containing external value.
+     */
+    link.replaceWith(exampleElementCopy, mutationReplacer);
+
+    /**
+     * We're at the root of the tree, so we're just replacing the entire tree.
+     */
+    return !parent ? exampleElementCopy : undefined;
+  }
+}
+var _default = exports.default = OpenAPI3_0DereferenceVisitor;