@solidrt/3d 0.0.55 → 0.0.56

package/examples/model-load.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Async model loading: loadModel + <Loading>. The same rover as
+// model.tsx, but read from assets/ at runtime instead of riding in the
+// bundle - the shape every app with real content ends up needing. Bake
+// the asset once and drop it in your app's assets tree:
+//
+//   bunx srt tool 3d/model examples/model.glb -o assets/model.srtm
+//
+// (loadGltf("assets/model.glb") has the exact same async shape; the bake
+// just removes the runtime parse.)
+//
+// TWO rules make the async read work, both enforced by the runtime:
+//
+// 1. Read the async value only inside a TRACKING scope whose result JSX
+//    reads back - the memo pattern below. Reading it straight in the
+//    component body (`let model = loaded()`) throws
+//    PENDING_ASYNC_UNTRACKED_READ: outside tracking there is nothing to
+//    suspend and retry.
+// 2. The component under <Loading> creates NO elements of its own before
+//    the suspending read. An element built ahead of a suspend is orphaned
+//    when the boundary discards and retries the subtree, and orphaned
+//    subtrees are never freed (the dev leak sentinel reports them). So
+//    the window/view shell lives in App ABOVE the boundary, and Rover
+//    suspends at `loaded()` before building any JSX.
+
+import { createMemo, createSignal, Loading, onFrame, pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
+import { createTexture } from "@solidrt/core/gpu"
+import type { TextureId } from "@solidrt/core/gpu"
+import { add, DirectionalLight, equirectToCube, Group, loadModel, PerspectiveCamera, Scene } from "@solidrt/3d"
+import type { Model, SceneNode } from "@solidrt/3d"
+
+// The same gradient environment as model.tsx: the default `standard`
+// materials want one (a baked HDRI in a real app, see environment.tsx).
+const ENV_FACE = 16
+const ENV_ROWS: [number, number, number][] = [
+  [96, 122, 168],
+  [176, 190, 210],
+  [120, 105, 90],
+  [60, 52, 45],
+]
+
+function gradientEnvironment(): TextureId {
+  let px = new Uint8Array(2 * ENV_ROWS.length * 4)
+  ENV_ROWS.forEach((c, y) => {
+    for (let x = 0; x < 2; x++) px.set([c[0], c[1], c[2], 255], (y * 2 + x) * 4)
+  })
+  let panorama = createTexture(px, 2, ENV_ROWS.length, { format: "rgba8-srgb", filter: "linear" })
+  return equirectToCube(panorama, ENV_FACE, { format: "rgba8-srgb", mipmap: true, label: "gradient-env" })
+}
+
+function Rover(props: { turn: () => number }) {
+  // The async value: a memo returning a Promise. Its read below suspends
+  // until the file is read and the model built, then resumes under the
+  // <Loading> boundary in App.
+  let loaded = createMemo(() => loadModel("assets/model.srtm", { label: "rover" }))
+
+  // Everything derived from the model - framing, mounting - happens in
+  // this memo, AFTER the suspending read, so nothing here runs or builds
+  // until the model exists. The memo returns the scene JSX; the component
+  // returns the memo read and nothing else.
+  let scene = createMemo(() => {
+    let model: Model = loaded()
+    let cube = gradientEnvironment()
+    let b = model.bounds
+    let center: [number, number, number] = [(b[0]! + b[3]!) / 2, (b[1]! + b[4]!) / 2, (b[2]! + b[5]!) / 2]
+    let radius = Math.hypot(b[3]! - b[0]!, b[4]! - b[1]!, b[5]! - b[2]!) / 2
+    return (
+      <Scene clearColor={[0.1, 0.11, 0.14, 1]} environment={{ cube }} samples={4} label="model-load">
+        <PerspectiveCamera fov={40} position={[center[0] + radius * 1.4, center[1] + radius * 1.1, center[2] + radius * 2.2]} lookAt={center} />
+        <DirectionalLight direction={[0.5, -0.8, 0.3]} color={[1, 0.95, 0.85]} intensity={0.9} />
+        <Group rotation={[0, props.turn(), 0]} ref={(g: SceneNode) => add(g, model)} />
+      </Scene>
+    )
+  })
+
+  return <>{scene()}</>
+}
+
+function App() {
+  let [t, setT] = createSignal(0)
+  onFrame(tick => setT(tick / 1000))
+
+  // The shell above the boundary; the fallback is plain UI and may be
+  // anything - it is created and torn down by <Loading> itself.
+  return (
+    <window>
+      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)}>
+        <Loading fallback={<text fontSize={24} color="#8899aa">Loading rover...</text>}>
+          <Rover turn={() => t() / 3} />
+        </Loading>
+      </view>
+    </window>
+  )
+}
+
+render(() => <App />)

package/examples/model.tsx

@@ -6,16 +6,43 @@
 // through loadGltf (same parser, read with flux:fs) or, baked once with
 // `srt tool 3d/model`, through loadModel (no parsing at all). Every part
 // keeps its node name and is an ordinary mesh: pointer events, transforms
-// and materials work per part.
+// and materials work per part. The materials are createModel's default
+// `standard` from the file's PBR factors, so the scene carries an
+// environment: the steel reflects it and every part takes its diffuse
+// ambient from it (a metal with nothing to reflect renders near black) -
+// here a sky-to-ground gradient built at startup, in an app usually a
+// baked HDRI (see environment.tsx).
 
 import { createSignal, onFrame, pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
-import { add, createModel, DirectionalLight, Group, HemisphereLight, parseGltf, PerspectiveCamera, Scene, setVisible } from "@solidrt/3d"
+import { createTexture } from "@solidrt/core/gpu"
+import type { TextureId } from "@solidrt/core/gpu"
+import { add, createModel, DirectionalLight, equirectToCube, Group, parseGltf, PerspectiveCamera, Scene, setVisible } from "@solidrt/3d"
 import type { SceneNode } from "@solidrt/3d"
 import modelBytes from "./model.glb" with { type: "binary" }
 
-const SIZE = 720
+// Face edge of the gradient environment cube: a gradient needs no detail.
+const ENV_FACE = 16
+// The gradient, zenith to nadir, sRGB bytes: sky, horizon, ground, below.
+const ENV_ROWS: [number, number, number][] = [
+  [96, 122, 168],
+  [176, 190, 210],
+  [120, 105, 90],
+  [60, 52, 45],
+]
+
+// A tiny equirectangular panorama (2 columns, one row per band, linear
+// filtering between) turned into the cube the scene lights by.
+function gradientEnvironment(): TextureId {
+  let px = new Uint8Array(2 * ENV_ROWS.length * 4)
+  ENV_ROWS.forEach((c, y) => {
+    for (let x = 0; x < 2; x++) px.set([c[0], c[1], c[2], 255], (y * 2 + x) * 4)
+  })
+  let panorama = createTexture(px, 2, ENV_ROWS.length, { format: "rgba8-srgb", filter: "linear" })
+  return equirectToCube(panorama, ENV_FACE, { format: "rgba8-srgb", mipmap: true, label: "gradient-env" })
+}
 
 function App() {
+  let cube = gradientEnvironment()
   let [t, setT] = createSignal(0)
   onFrame(tick => setT(tick / 1000))
 
@@ -36,10 +63,9 @@ function App() {
 
   return (
     <window>
-      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)} designSize={[SIZE, SIZE]}>
-        <Scene width={SIZE} height={SIZE} clearColor={[0.1, 0.11, 0.14, 1]} samples={4} label="model">
+      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)}>
+        <Scene clearColor={[0.1, 0.11, 0.14, 1]} environment={{ cube }} samples={4} label="model">
           <PerspectiveCamera fov={40} position={[center[0] + radius * 1.4, center[1] + radius * 1.1, center[2] + radius * 2.2]} lookAt={center} />
-          <HemisphereLight sky={[0.45, 0.5, 0.6]} ground={[0.2, 0.17, 0.14]} />
           <DirectionalLight direction={[0.5, -0.8, 0.3]} color={[1, 0.95, 0.85]} intensity={0.9} />
           <Group rotation={[0, t() / 3, 0]} ref={(g: SceneNode) => add(g, model)} />
         </Scene>

package/examples/pick.tsx

@@ -14,8 +14,6 @@ import { createSignal, pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
 import { box, cone, Group, Mesh, PerspectiveCamera, plane, Scene, setMeshParams, setTransform, sphere, torus, unlit } from "@solidrt/3d"
 import type { Geometry, ScenePointerEvent, Vec3 } from "@solidrt/3d"
 
-const SIZE = 720
-
 type Color = [number, number, number]
 
 let [hovered, setHovered] = createSignal("nothing")
@@ -70,8 +68,8 @@ function App() {
 
   return (
     <window>
-      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)} designSize={[SIZE, SIZE]}>
-        <Scene width={SIZE} height={SIZE} clearColor={[0.07, 0.07, 0.1, 1]} label="pick">
+      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)}>
+        <Scene clearColor={[0.07, 0.07, 0.1, 1]} label="pick">
           <PerspectiveCamera fov={55} position={[0, 2.6, 5]} lookAt={[0, 0.4, 0]} />
           <Mesh geometry={floor} material={unlit({ color: [0.15, 0.16, 0.2] })} rotation={[-Math.PI / 2, 0, 0]} />
           {/* The group hears every child click that is not stopped. */}

package/examples/probe.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// A reflection probe: `scene.createReflectionProbe` renders the scene into
+// a cube map from a point, and that cube is the environment a chrome ball
+// at the same point mirrors - Three's CubeCamera, Unity's and Godot's
+// realtime ReflectionProbe. Six colored walls make a room, four glowing
+// spheres orbit the ball, and the probe re-renders every frame (six scene
+// passes) so the orbit shows in the chrome. Layers keep the ball out of
+// its own probe: the room and the orbiters live on layers 1 and 2, the
+// ball on layer 1 only, and the probe looks at layer 2. Each update also
+// prefilters the faces into the roughness chain (the default), so the
+// ball's satin finish blurs the room the way a baked environment would;
+// `prefilter: false` would keep a sharp mirror at a sixth of the passes
+// (the chain is the frame's largest GPU item; see AGENTS.md). Drag to
+// look around.
+
+import { createSignal, onFrame, pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
+import { DirectionalLight, HemisphereLight, Mesh, OrbitCamera, plane, Scene, sphere, standard, unlit } from "@solidrt/3d"
+import type { ReflectionProbe, SceneHandle } from "@solidrt/3d"
+import type { Vec3 } from "@solidrt/3d/math"
+
+// Half the room's edge.
+const ROOM = 5
+// The orbiters' radius, orbit radius and speed (radians per second).
+const ORBITER_RADIUS = 0.35
+const ORBIT = 2
+const ORBIT_SPEED = 0.8
+// The chrome ball's radius and its satin roughness (0 is a mirror).
+const BALL = 1
+const BALL_ROUGHNESS = 0.2
+// The probe's face edge.
+const PROBE_SIZE = 128
+// Layer bits: the scene camera sees both, the probe only ROOM_LAYER.
+const BALL_LAYER = 1
+const ROOM_LAYER = 2
+
+// Wall colors (sRGB), one per face: +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z.
+const WALL_COLORS: [number, number, number][] = [
+  [0.75, 0.3, 0.25],
+  [0.25, 0.6, 0.35],
+  [0.85, 0.85, 0.9],
+  [0.3, 0.28, 0.26],
+  [0.25, 0.4, 0.75],
+  [0.8, 0.7, 0.3],
+]
+// Each wall's position and the rotation that turns the plane's front inward.
+const WALLS: { position: Vec3; rotation: Vec3 }[] = [
+  { position: [ROOM, 0, 0], rotation: [0, -Math.PI / 2, 0] },
+  { position: [-ROOM, 0, 0], rotation: [0, Math.PI / 2, 0] },
+  { position: [0, ROOM, 0], rotation: [Math.PI / 2, 0, 0] },
+  { position: [0, -ROOM, 0], rotation: [-Math.PI / 2, 0, 0] },
+  { position: [0, 0, ROOM], rotation: [0, Math.PI, 0] },
+  { position: [0, 0, -ROOM], rotation: [0, 0, 0] },
+]
+const ORBITER_COLORS: [number, number, number][] = [
+  [1, 0.4, 0.2],
+  [0.3, 0.9, 1],
+  [1, 0.9, 0.3],
+  [0.7, 0.4, 1],
+]
+
+function App() {
+  let [t, setT] = createSignal(0)
+  let scene: SceneHandle | undefined
+  let probe: ReflectionProbe | undefined
+  onFrame(tick => {
+    setT(tick / 1000)
+    if (scene !== undefined && probe === undefined) {
+      probe = scene.createReflectionProbe({ position: [0, 0, 0], size: PROBE_SIZE, layers: ROOM_LAYER, label: "ball-probe" })
+      scene.setEnvironment({ cube: probe.cube })
+    }
+    probe?.update()
+  })
+  let wall = plane({ width: ROOM * 2, height: ROOM * 2 })
+  let walls = WALL_COLORS.map(color => unlit({ color }))
+  let orbiter = sphere({ radius: ORBITER_RADIUS, widthSegments: 24, heightSegments: 16 })
+  let orbiters = ORBITER_COLORS.map(color => unlit({ color }))
+  let ball = standard({ color: [1, 1, 1], metalness: 1, roughness: BALL_ROUGHNESS })
+  let orbitPosition = (i: number): Vec3 => {
+    let a = t() * ORBIT_SPEED + (i * Math.PI) / 2
+    return [Math.cos(a) * ORBIT, Math.sin(a * 1.7) * 0.8, Math.sin(a) * ORBIT]
+  }
+  return (
+    <window>
+      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)}>
+        <Scene clearColor={[0.05, 0.05, 0.06, 1]} samples={4} label="probe-demo" ref={s => (scene = s)}>
+          <OrbitCamera target={[0, 0, 0]} azimuth={0.5} elevation={0.2} distance={4} />
+          <HemisphereLight sky={[0.6, 0.65, 0.7]} ground={[0.3, 0.28, 0.26]} intensity={0.6} />
+          <DirectionalLight direction={[0.4, -0.8, 0.3]} intensity={0.8} />
+          {WALLS.map((w, i) => (
+            <Mesh geometry={wall} material={walls[i]!} position={w.position} rotation={w.rotation} layers={BALL_LAYER | ROOM_LAYER} />
+          ))}
+          {ORBITER_COLORS.map((_, i) => (
+            <Mesh geometry={orbiter} material={orbiters[i]!} position={orbitPosition(i)} layers={BALL_LAYER | ROOM_LAYER} />
+          ))}
+          <Mesh geometry={sphere({ radius: BALL, widthSegments: 64, heightSegments: 48 })} material={ball} layers={BALL_LAYER} />
+        </Scene>
+      </view>
+    </window>
+  )
+}
+
+render(() => <App />)

package/examples/scene-background.tsx

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ import { pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
 import { glsl } from "@solidrt/core/gpu"
 import { box, Mesh, PerspectiveCamera, Scene, sphere, torusKnot, unlit } from "@solidrt/3d"
 
-const SIZE = 720
-
 // A radial night-sky gradient with hash grain so the ramp does not band.
 let BACKDROP = glsl`
   void main() {
@@ -28,8 +26,8 @@ let BACKDROP = glsl`
 function App() {
   return (
     <window>
-      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)} designSize={[SIZE, SIZE]}>
-        <Scene width={SIZE} height={SIZE} background={BACKDROP} label="backdrop-demo">
+      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)}>
+        <Scene background={BACKDROP} label="backdrop-demo">
           <PerspectiveCamera fov={55} position={[0, 1.8, 4.4]} lookAt={[0, 0.4, 0]} />
           <Mesh geometry={torusKnot({ radius: 0.7, tube: 0.2, tubularSegments: 128, radialSegments: 16 })} material={unlit({ color: [0.85, 0.55, 0.25] })} position={[0, 0.9, 0]} />
           <Mesh geometry={box()} material={unlit({ color: [0.3, 0.5, 0.8] })} position={[-1.5, 0.4, -0.5]} scale={0.8} />

package/examples/scene-basic.tsx

@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@
 import { createSignal, onFrame, pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
 import { box, Group, Mesh, PerspectiveCamera, plane, Scene, sphere, unlit } from "@solidrt/3d"
 
-const SIZE = 720
-
 function App() {
   let [spin, setSpin] = createSignal(0)
   onFrame(tick => setSpin(tick / 2000))
@@ -26,8 +24,8 @@ function App() {
 
   return (
     <window>
-      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)} designSize={[SIZE, SIZE]}>
-        <Scene width={SIZE} height={SIZE} clearColor={[0.07, 0.07, 0.1, 1]} label="scene-basic">
+      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)}>
+        <Scene clearColor={[0.07, 0.07, 0.1, 1]} label="scene-basic">
           <PerspectiveCamera fov={55} position={[0, 1.6, 3.6]} lookAt={[0, 0.3, 0]} />
           <Mesh
             geometry={floor}

package/examples/scene-views.tsx

@@ -6,10 +6,20 @@
 // at once, so the extra views cost the app nothing per frame (and the
 // light set fans out to them too - the map is lit like the main view).
 // Views die with the scene.
+//
+// Layers and per-view fog: the marker disc is on layer bit 2, so the
+// main render (mask 1) and the silhouette never draw it - only the map,
+// whose mask admits both bits. The scene is fogged; `fog: null` on the
+// map keeps the top-down view clear (its fog names are view-owned, so
+// scene-wide fog writes never clobber them).
 import { createSignal, onFrame, pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
-import { box, DirectionalLight, Group, HemisphereLight, lit, Mesh, PerspectiveCamera, plane, Scene, sphere, unlit } from "@solidrt/3d"
+import { box, circle, DirectionalLight, Group, HemisphereLight, lit, Mesh, PerspectiveCamera, plane, Scene, sphere, unlit } from "@solidrt/3d"
 import type { SceneHandle } from "@solidrt/3d"
 
+// Layer bits: the world everything defaults to, and the map-only markers.
+const WORLD_LAYER = 1
+const MARKER_LAYER = 2
+
 const MAIN = 720
 const SIDE = 360
 
@@ -20,6 +30,7 @@ function App() {
   let cube = box()
   let floor = plane({ width: 6, height: 6, label: "floor" })
   let ball = sphere({ radius: 0.35 })
+  let marker = circle({ radius: 0.3, label: "marker" })
   // `ref` runs before `output`, so the handle is set when the views are
   // created there; both callbacks run once, untracked - no signals needed.
   let scene!: SceneHandle
@@ -31,12 +42,22 @@ function App() {
           width={MAIN}
           height={MAIN}
           clearColor={[0.07, 0.07, 0.1, 1]}
+          fog={{ color: [0.07, 0.07, 0.1], near: 2.5, far: 9 }}
           label="scene-views"
           ref={s => (scene = s)}
           output={tex => {
             // The map: straight down from y = 10, world -z toward the top of
-            // the leaf, seven world units across at any depth.
-            let map = scene.createView({ width: SIDE, height: SIDE, clearColor: [0.05, 0.08, 0.06, 1], label: "map" })
+            // the leaf, seven world units across at any depth. Its mask also
+            // admits the marker layer, and `fog: null` keeps it clear while
+            // the main view fades to the horizon.
+            let map = scene.createView({
+              width: SIDE,
+              height: SIDE,
+              clearColor: [0.05, 0.08, 0.06, 1],
+              layers: WORLD_LAYER | MARKER_LAYER,
+              fog: null,
+              label: "map",
+            })
             map.setCamera({
               position: [0, 10, 0],
               target: [0, 0, 0],
@@ -85,6 +106,14 @@ function App() {
               scale={[0.5, 1.4, 0.5]}
             />
             <Mesh geometry={ball} material={lit({ color: [0.35, 0.65, 0.9] })} position={[1.1, 0.35, 0]} />
+            {/* The ball's map marker: drawn by the map view alone. */}
+            <Mesh
+              geometry={marker}
+              material={unlit({ color: [0.95, 0.25, 0.2] })}
+              layers={MARKER_LAYER}
+              position={[1.1, 2, 0]}
+              rotation={[-Math.PI / 2, 0, 0]}
+            />
           </Group>
         </Scene>
       </view>

package/examples/shadows.tsx

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ import { createSignal, onFrame, pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
 import { box, cylinder, DirectionalLight, Group, HemisphereLight, lit, Mesh, PerspectiveCamera, plane, Scene, setTransform, sphere, torusKnot } from "@solidrt/3d"
 import type { DirectionalLightNode } from "@solidrt/3d"
 
-const SIZE = 720
-
 function App() {
   let [t, setT] = createSignal(0)
   let sun!: DirectionalLightNode
@@ -43,8 +41,8 @@ function App() {
 
   return (
     <window>
-      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)} designSize={[SIZE, SIZE]}>
-        <Scene width={SIZE} height={SIZE} clearColor={[0.55, 0.65, 0.8, 1]} samples={4} label="shadows">
+      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)}>
+        <Scene clearColor={[0.55, 0.65, 0.8, 1]} samples={4} label="shadows">
           <PerspectiveCamera fov={45} position={[0, 4, 7]} lookAt={[0, 0.5, 0]} />
           <HemisphereLight sky={[0.45, 0.5, 0.6]} ground={[0.2, 0.18, 0.15]} />
           <DirectionalLight

package/examples/sky-lit.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// A sky-lit scene: the background is a procedural GLSL sky (a horizon
+// gradient, a sun disc and its glow, written along the view ray), and
+// `scene.bakeBackground()` renders that same fragment into a cube and
+// prefilters it into the roughness chain the scene's environment samples -
+// Godot's sky-to-radiance bake: the sky both draws behind the meshes and
+// lights them, with no light nodes at all. A row of `standard` spheres,
+// metal above, dielectric below, roughness 0 to 1 across: the sharp ones
+// mirror the sun and horizon, the rough ones catch the sky's soft
+// gradient. The sky is a scene param (uSunDir), so the bake sees the same
+// sun the backdrop draws. Drag to look around.
+
+import { pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
+import { glsl } from "@solidrt/core/gpu"
+import { Mesh, OrbitCamera, Scene, sphere, standard } from "@solidrt/3d"
+import type { SceneHandle } from "@solidrt/3d"
+import { normalize } from "@solidrt/3d/math"
+import type { Vec3 } from "@solidrt/3d/math"
+
+// Spheres per row, their radius and spacing.
+const COUNT = 6
+const RADIUS = 0.45
+const GAP = 1.15
+// The sun's direction: high and on the camera's side, so its reflection
+// lands on the spheres' upper right - a sharp disc on the mirror, a broad
+// bright highlight on the rough metals (the HDR bake keeps the disc's
+// energy, which an 8-bit probe would clamp to white).
+const SUN: Vec3 = normalize([0.6, 0.5, 0.6])
+// The bake's face edge: 128 is the environment default; the sun disc
+// blurs into its glow at this size, which is what a rough surface wants.
+const BAKE_SIZE = 128
+
+// Horizon gradient (zenith blue to a pale horizon, a dark ground), a sun
+// disc with a glow. Linear colors in, the output stage encodes for the
+// screen and leaves them linear for the bake.
+const SKY = glsl`
+  uniform vec3 uSunDir;
+  // Cosine of the disc's angular radius (about 2 degrees), the glow's
+  // falloff exponent and the disc's radiance (well above 1: a low-key
+  // sun, real ones are far brighter still).
+  const float SUN_DISC = 0.9994;
+  const float SUN_GLOW = 24.0;
+  const float SUN_RADIANCE = 40.0;
+  void main() {
+    vec3 d = normalize(vRay);
+    vec3 zenith = vec3(0.08, 0.22, 0.55);
+    vec3 horizon = vec3(0.65, 0.72, 0.85);
+    vec3 ground = vec3(0.05, 0.045, 0.04);
+    float h = clamp(d.y, -1.0, 1.0);
+    vec3 col = h >= 0.0 ? mix(horizon, zenith, pow(h, 0.6)) : mix(horizon, ground, pow(-h, 0.2));
+    float s = max(dot(d, uSunDir), 0.0);
+    col += vec3(1.0, 0.85, 0.6) * pow(s, SUN_GLOW) * 0.6;
+    if (s > SUN_DISC) col = vec3(1.0, 0.87, 0.67) * SUN_RADIANCE;
+    fragColor = outputColor(col, 1.0);
+  }
+`
+
+function App() {
+  let spheres: { position: Vec3; material: ReturnType<typeof standard> }[] = []
+  for (let i = 0; i < COUNT; i++) {
+    let roughness = i / (COUNT - 1)
+    let x = (i - (COUNT - 1) / 2) * GAP
+    spheres.push({ position: [x, GAP / 2, 0], material: standard({ color: [0.95, 0.93, 0.88], metalness: 1, roughness }) })
+    spheres.push({ position: [x, -GAP / 2, 0], material: standard({ color: [0.8, 0.15, 0.1], metalness: 0, roughness }) })
+  }
+  let geometry = sphere({ radius: RADIUS, widthSegments: 48, heightSegments: 32 })
+  // The ref hands out the scene with its props applied (the background
+  // is set), so the bake happens right here, before the first frame.
+  let lit = (scene: SceneHandle) => {
+    scene.setParams({ uSunDir: SUN })
+    scene.setEnvironment({ cube: scene.bakeBackground(BAKE_SIZE) })
+  }
+  return (
+    <window>
+      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)}>
+        <Scene background={SKY} toneMapping="aces" samples={4} label="sky-lit" ref={lit}>
+          <OrbitCamera target={[0, 0, 0]} azimuth={0.3} elevation={0.15} distance={7} />
+          {spheres.map(s => (
+            <Mesh geometry={geometry} material={s.material} position={s.position} />
+          ))}
+        </Scene>
+      </view>
+    </window>
+  )
+}
+
+render(() => <App />)

package/examples/skybox.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// A skybox and its reflections: the scene's background sampled from a
+// cube map along each pixel's view ray - `<Scene background={{ cube,
+// intensity?, rotation? }}>`, Three's `scene.background = cubeTexture` -
+// and the same cube as the scene's environment (`environment={{ cube,
+// rotation }}`, Three's `scene.environment`), which every lit material
+// with `reflectivity` mirrors: the chrome sphere sharply, the brass knot
+// blurred by its shininess. The cube map is baked in JS at startup (a
+// horizon gradient, a sun disc and its glow), so the example ships no
+// image assets; a photographed sky is the same createCubeTexture call
+// with six decoded faces in Three's px, nx, py, ny, pz, nz order, or
+// equirectToCube on a panorama. The sky turns slowly and the sun light
+// turns with it: `rotation` is a reactive prop the scene updates in
+// place, no recompile. Drag to look around, wheel to zoom.
+import { createSignal, onFrame, pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
+import { createCubeTexture } from "@solidrt/core/gpu"
+import { box, DirectionalLight, HemisphereLight, lit, Mesh, OrbitCamera, plane, Scene, sphere, torusKnot } from "@solidrt/3d"
+import { normalize } from "@solidrt/3d/math"
+import type { Vec3 } from "@solidrt/3d/math"
+
+// Face edge in texels; the sun disc is the finest feature, and mipmaps
+// keep the horizon smooth when it shrinks toward a screen pixel.
+const FACE = 128
+// The sun's direction in the unrotated sky.
+const SUN: Vec3 = normalize([0.6, 0.35, -0.7])
+// Cosine of the disc's angular radius (1.5 degrees).
+const SUN_DISC = Math.cos((1.5 * Math.PI) / 180)
+// Glow falloff exponent around the disc (higher = tighter).
+const SUN_GLOW = 40
+// How fast the sky turns about y, radians per second.
+const TURN_SPEED = 0.06
+// How quickly the ground band darkens below the horizon (per unit of -y).
+const GROUND_FALL = 4
+
+type Rgb = [number, number, number]
+const ZENITH: Rgb = [0.16, 0.34, 0.74]
+const HORIZON: Rgb = [0.8, 0.87, 0.95]
+const GROUND: Rgb = [0.3, 0.27, 0.24]
+const SUN_COLOR: Rgb = [1, 0.95, 0.82]
+
+let mix = (a: Rgb, b: Rgb, t: number): Rgb => [a[0] + (b[0] - a[0]) * t, a[1] + (b[1] - a[1]) * t, a[2] + (b[2] - a[2]) * t]
+
+// The sky's color along a world direction.
+function sky(d: Vec3): Rgb {
+  let y = d[1]
+  let rgb = y >= 0 ? mix(HORIZON, ZENITH, Math.sqrt(y)) : mix(HORIZON, GROUND, Math.min(1, -y * GROUND_FALL))
+  let s = d[0] * SUN[0] + d[1] * SUN[1] + d[2] * SUN[2]
+  if (s > 0) {
+    // The disc is the glow at full strength: added to the sky it clamps
+    // to white, and the warm tint shows in the halo around it.
+    let g = s > SUN_DISC ? 1 : Math.pow(s, SUN_GLOW)
+    rgb = [rgb[0] + SUN_COLOR[0] * g, rgb[1] + SUN_COLOR[1] * g, rgb[2] + SUN_COLOR[2] * g]
+  }
+  return [Math.min(1, rgb[0]), Math.min(1, rgb[1]), Math.min(1, rgb[2])]
+}
+
+// The world direction whose lookup lands on face i's texel (s, t), t = 0
+// the first row: the GL cube-map table, which is also what the library
+// samples with (no flip) - so the texel holds the sky in that direction.
+function texelDirection(face: number, s: number, t: number): Vec3 {
+  let a = 2 * s - 1
+  let b = 2 * t - 1
+  let d: Vec3 =
+    face === 0 ? [1, -b, -a] : face === 1 ? [-1, -b, a] : face === 2 ? [a, 1, b] : face === 3 ? [a, -1, -b] : face === 4 ? [a, -b, 1] : [-a, -b, -1]
+  return normalize(d)
+}
+
+function bakeSky(): Uint8Array[] {
+  let faces: Uint8Array[] = []
+  for (let face = 0; face < 6; face++) {
+    let px = new Uint8Array(FACE * FACE * 4)
+    for (let row = 0; row < FACE; row++) {
+      for (let col = 0; col < FACE; col++) {
+        let rgb = sky(texelDirection(face, (col + 0.5) / FACE, (row + 0.5) / FACE))
+        let i = (row * FACE + col) * 4
+        px[i] = Math.round(rgb[0] * 255)
+        px[i + 1] = Math.round(rgb[1] * 255)
+        px[i + 2] = Math.round(rgb[2] * 255)
+        px[i + 3] = 255
+      }
+    }
+    faces.push(px)
+  }
+  return faces
+}
+
+// The sun's direction once the sky has turned by `angle` about y (the same
+// turn a node with rotation [0, angle, 0] applies).
+function turnedSun(angle: number): Vec3 {
+  let c = Math.cos(angle)
+  let s = Math.sin(angle)
+  return [SUN[0] * c + SUN[2] * s, SUN[1], -SUN[0] * s + SUN[2] * c]
+}
+
+function App() {
+  let cube = createCubeTexture(bakeSky(), FACE, { format: "rgba8-srgb", mipmap: true, label: "sky" })
+  let [turn, setTurn] = createSignal(0)
+  let last = 0
+  onFrame(tick => {
+    if (last !== 0) setTurn(turn() + ((tick - last) / 1000) * TURN_SPEED)
+    last = tick
+  })
+  let sun = () => turnedSun(turn())
+
+  let ground = lit({ color: [0.36, 0.4, 0.3] })
+  // Glossy: a blurred reflection (shininess 48) at a dielectric's face-on
+  // weight, rising toward the silhouette.
+  let brass = lit({ color: [0.85, 0.6, 0.3], specular: 0.6, shininess: 48, reflectivity: 0.15 })
+  let stone = lit({ color: [0.6, 0.6, 0.62] })
+  // Chrome: the environment itself, sharp.
+  let chrome = lit({ color: [1, 1, 1], specular: 1, shininess: 400, reflectivity: 1 })
+  return (
+    <window>
+      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)}>
+        <Scene background={{ cube, rotation: turn() }} environment={{ cube, rotation: turn() }} label="skybox-demo">
+          <OrbitCamera azimuth={0.4} elevation={0.12} distance={7} />
+          <HemisphereLight sky={[0.5, 0.6, 0.8]} ground={[0.3, 0.27, 0.24]} />
+          <DirectionalLight direction={[-sun()[0], -sun()[1], -sun()[2]]} color={SUN_COLOR} intensity={0.9} />
+          <Mesh geometry={plane({ width: 12, height: 12 })} material={ground} rotation={[-Math.PI / 2, 0, 0]} />
+          <Mesh geometry={torusKnot({ radius: 0.7, tube: 0.22, tubularSegments: 128, radialSegments: 16 })} material={brass} position={[0, 1.2, 0]} />
+          <Mesh geometry={box()} material={stone} position={[-2, 0.5, -0.5]} />
+          <Mesh geometry={sphere({ radius: 0.6, widthSegments: 48, heightSegments: 32 })} material={chrome} position={[2, 0.6, -0.5]} />
+        </Scene>
+      </view>
+    </window>
+  )
+}
+
+render(() => <App />)

package/examples/sprites.tsx

@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ import { createSignal, onFrame, pct, render } from "@solidrt/core"
 import { createTexture } from "@solidrt/core/gpu"
 import { box, Group, Mesh, PerspectiveCamera, plane, Scene, sprite, Sprite, unlit } from "@solidrt/3d"
 
-const SIZE = 720
-
 // A soft disc, alpha falling off from the center; premultiplied like every
 // texture the engine samples.
 function glow(): ReturnType<typeof createTexture> {
@@ -25,7 +23,7 @@ function glow(): ReturnType<typeof createTexture> {
       data.set([255 * a, 240 * a, 200 * a, 255 * a], (y * n + x) * 4)
     }
   }
-  return createTexture(data, n, n)
+  return createTexture(data, n, n, { format: "rgba8-srgb" })
 }
 
 // A cutout tree: green triangle over a brown trunk, transparent elsewhere.
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ function tree(): ReturnType<typeof createTexture> {
       data.set([rgb[0]!, rgb[1]!, rgb[2]!, a], (y * n + x) * 4)
     }
   }
-  return createTexture(data, n, n)
+  return createTexture(data, n, n, { format: "rgba8-srgb" })
 }
 
 function App() {
@@ -68,8 +66,8 @@ function App() {
 
   return (
     <window>
-      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)} designSize={[SIZE, SIZE]}>
-        <Scene width={SIZE} height={SIZE} clearColor={[0.07, 0.07, 0.1, 1]} label="sprites">
+      <view width={pct(100)} height={pct(100)}>
+        <Scene clearColor={[0.07, 0.07, 0.1, 1]} label="sprites">
           <PerspectiveCamera fov={50} position={eye()} lookAt={[0, 0.6, 0]} />
           <Mesh
             geometry={plane({ width: 8, height: 8 })}