@solidjs/compiler-wasm32-wasi 2.0.0-rc.11 → 2.0.0-rc.14

package/compiler.wasi.cjs

@@ -1,9 +1,57 @@
 // napi-rs-artifact-metadata:{"version":2,"rootEntry":"index.js","exports":["projectTsrxForTypecheck","transform","transformDirectives","transformLazy","transformRefresh","transformSourceNames"],"managedRootEntries":["browser.js","index.js","compiler.wasm","compiler.debug.wasm"]}
 /* eslint-disable */
-/* prettier-ignore */
-
 /* auto-generated by NAPI-RS */
 
+const __napiBindingTarget = 'wasm32-wasi'
+function __napiStampBindingTarget(exportsObject, target) {
+  if (
+    Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(exportsObject, '__napiBindingTarget')
+  ) {
+    if (exportsObject.__napiBindingTarget === target) {
+      // Already ours: the root entry aliases the object it loaded, so a WASI
+      // fallback candidate — or a `NAPI_RS_NATIVE_LIBRARY_PATH` override that
+      // is a generated loader — arrives already stamped with this same value.
+      return target
+    }
+    const error = new Error(
+      '`__napiBindingTarget` is reserved by the generated binding loader, but the loaded binding already exports it. Rename the export, e.g. #[napi(js_name = "...")].',
+    )
+    error.code = 'ERR_NAPI_BINDING_TARGET_CONFLICT'
+    throw error
+  }
+  if (!Object.isExtensible(exportsObject)) {
+    // A `#[napi(module_exports)]` hook may seal or freeze this object
+    // (`Object::seal` / `Object::freeze`). Reporting the artifact is metadata,
+    // never a reason to fail an otherwise successful load, so the stamp is
+    // skipped. What a consumer still sees then follows the entry point: the
+    // browser and deferred loaders declare `__napiBindingTarget` at module
+    // level and go on reporting it, while the CommonJS entries hand back this
+    // very object as `module.exports`, so there the value is absent.
+    return target
+  }
+  try {
+    // [[Define]], not [[Set]]: an ordinary assignment walks the prototype
+    // chain, so an inherited accessor could swallow the value or throw and
+    // fail an otherwise successful load. The descriptor is what a successful
+    // assignment would have produced.
+    Object.defineProperty(exportsObject, '__napiBindingTarget', {
+      configurable: true,
+      enumerable: true,
+      value: target,
+      writable: true,
+    })
+  } catch {
+    // Same rule as the non-extensible skip above: reporting the artifact is
+    // metadata, never a reason to fail an otherwise successful load. An exotic
+    // object (a Proxy whose defineProperty trap refuses) is skipped, not
+    // thrown over.
+  }
+  // The CommonJS loaders assign this return value so `cjs-module-lexer` — and
+  // therefore Node's CJS -> ESM named export detection — can see
+  // `__napiBindingTarget` statically.
+  return target
+}
+
 const __nodeFs = require('node:fs')
 const __nodePath = require('node:path')
 const { WASI: __nodeWASI } = require('node:wasi')
@@ -91,6 +139,13 @@ function __createWasiWorker(filename) {
       return new Worker(filename, {
         env: process.env,
         execArgv: __workerExecArgv,
+        workerData: {
+          hostRoot: __hostRoot,
+          rootDir: __rootDir,
+          crashFlag: __wasiThreadCrashFlag,
+          crashReport: __wasiThreadCrashReport,
+          addonCrashFlag: __wasiAddonCrashFlag,
+        },
       })
     } catch (error) {
       if (!error || error.code !== 'ERR_WORKER_INVALID_EXEC_ARGV') {
@@ -106,14 +161,312 @@ function __createWasiWorker(filename) {
   }
 }
 
-const __rootDir = __nodePath.parse(process.cwd()).root
+// Set to 1 by a pool worker (see wasi-worker.mjs) right before it reports that
+// its wasm thread died. Shared memory, so this thread reads it synchronously even
+// while the worker's 'error' event is still queued behind the code that is
+// exiting right now.
+const __wasiThreadCrashFlag = new Int32Array(new SharedArrayBuffer(4))
+// Written by the first pool worker whose wasm thread dies, before it raises the
+// flag: its error and `threadId` (layout in wasi-worker.mjs). Read without
+// waiting for any event, see `__readWasiThreadCrashReport`.
+const __wasiThreadCrashReport = new SharedArrayBuffer(4096)
+let __wasiThreadCrashReportRead
+// The first error a pool worker reported through its 'error' event, and that
+// worker's `threadId`. See `__getWasiThreadCrashError`.
+let __wasiThreadCrashWorkerError
+let __wasiThreadCrashWorkerId
+let __wasiThreadCrashError
+// Raised while `__runWasiInitializationRollbackSteps` runs, so its polls and
+// steps stop after a crash the way a public disposal's do.
+let __wasiInitializationRollbackActive = false
+let __wasiThreadCrashed = false
+
+// A view of the addon's crash flag, one word of the shared wasm memory, for the
+// pool workers: they raise it when their wasm thread dies, and the shutdown
+// waits inside the cleanup calls on this thread then trap instead of waiting on
+// the dead thread for good. Undefined for an addon built with an older napi.
+let __wasiAddonCrashFlag
+
+function __captureWasiAddonCrashFlag(instance) {
+  try {
+    const getAddress = instance.exports.napi_wasm_thread_crash_flag_address
+    if (typeof getAddress !== 'function') {
+      return
+    }
+    const address = getAddress() >>> 0
+    const buffer = __sharedMemory.buffer
+    if (address === 0 || address % 4 !== 0 || address + 4 > buffer.byteLength) {
+      return
+    }
+    __wasiAddonCrashFlag = new Int32Array(buffer, address, 1)
+  } catch {}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Whether any wasm thread of this binding has died: a trap or an uncaught error
+ * in a pool worker, including one that failed to load after its thread spawn
+ * had already been reported as started.
+ *
+ * After that the shared wasm state cannot be trusted: a lock the dead thread
+ * held stays held, and a join or park that waits on it — the async runtime's
+ * `finish_shutdown` waiting for the dead thread's work to go idle — blocks
+ * this thread forever in a raw `memory.atomic.wait32`, which neither
+ * emnapi's crash check nor a signal can interrupt.
+ */
+function __hasWasiThreadCrashed() {
+  if (__wasiThreadCrashed || Atomics.load(__wasiThreadCrashFlag, 0) !== 0) {
+    return true
+  }
+  const manager = __getWasiThreadManager()
+  return Boolean(manager && manager._fatalError)
+}
+
+let __wasiThreadCrashDisposePromise
+
+/**
+ * Stores the first error a pool worker reported, with the worker's id. Called
+ * from the loader's own 'error' listener, which runs before emnapi's.
+ */
+function __recordWasiThreadCrashError(error, workerId) {
+  if (__wasiThreadCrashWorkerError !== undefined || error === undefined) {
+    return
+  }
+  __wasiThreadCrashWorkerError = error
+  __wasiThreadCrashWorkerId = workerId
+  __fillWasiThreadCrashError()
+}
+
+/**
+ * The error in the shared crash report, rebuilt once it is complete: the
+ * worker writes it before it raises the flag, so it is there as soon as the
+ * crash is seen. Plain JavaScript over shared memory; never enters wasm.
+ */
+function __readWasiThreadCrashReport() {
+  if (__wasiThreadCrashReportRead !== undefined) {
+    return __wasiThreadCrashReportRead
+  }
+  try {
+    const header = new Int32Array(__wasiThreadCrashReport, 0, 3)
+    if (Atomics.load(header, 0) !== 2) {
+      return
+    }
+    const length = Atomics.load(header, 1)
+    const threadId = Atomics.load(header, 2)
+    let error
+    if (length > 0) {
+      // Copied out of shared memory: TextDecoder does not take a shared view.
+      const bytes = new Uint8Array(__wasiThreadCrashReport, 12, length).slice()
+      const report = JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(bytes))
+      error = new Error(String(report.message))
+      if (typeof report.name === 'string') {
+        error.name = report.name
+      }
+      if (typeof report.stack === 'string') {
+        error.stack = report.stack
+      }
+    }
+    __wasiThreadCrashReportRead = { error, threadId }
+  } catch {
+    __wasiThreadCrashReportRead = { error: undefined, threadId: 0 }
+  }
+  return __wasiThreadCrashReportRead
+}
+
+/**
+ * The one error every crash path of this binding reports, created on first
+ * use.
+ *
+ * The shared flag is raised before this thread has processed the worker's
+ * 'error' event, and once the workers are terminated that event is often
+ * never delivered, so neither it nor emnapi's `_fatalError` can be counted
+ * on. The cause is filled in from the first source that has it: the error the
+ * 'error' listener kept, else the worker's shared crash report, else
+ * `_fatalError` — here, and again from the 'error' listener when it arrives
+ * later. Until then the error carries only its message.
+ */
+function __getWasiThreadCrashError() {
+  if (__wasiThreadCrashError === undefined) {
+    __wasiThreadCrashError = new Error(
+      'napi-rs: WASI binding cannot be disposed after a worker thread crashed',
+    )
+  }
+  __fillWasiThreadCrashError()
+  return __wasiThreadCrashError
+}
+
+function __fillWasiThreadCrashError() {
+  const crashError = __wasiThreadCrashError
+  if (crashError === undefined) {
+    return
+  }
+  try {
+    if (crashError.cause === undefined) {
+      let cause = __wasiThreadCrashWorkerError
+      if (cause === undefined) {
+        const report = __readWasiThreadCrashReport()
+        cause = report ? report.error : undefined
+      }
+      if (cause === undefined) {
+        const manager = __getWasiThreadManager()
+        cause = manager ? manager._fatalError : undefined
+      }
+      if (cause !== undefined && cause !== null) {
+        crashError.cause = cause
+      }
+    }
+    if (crashError.workerThreadId === undefined) {
+      let workerId = __wasiThreadCrashWorkerId
+      if (workerId === undefined) {
+        const report = __readWasiThreadCrashReport()
+        workerId = report && report.threadId > 0 ? report.threadId : undefined
+      }
+      if (workerId !== undefined) {
+        crashError.workerThreadId = workerId
+      }
+    }
+  } catch {}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Let the event loop drain after a wasm thread died, without entering wasm.
+ *
+ * emnapi's `Context` keeps a `NodejsWaitingRequestCounter` on Node: a
+ * `MessagePort` (`refCounter.refHandle`) that it refs when the count of
+ * in-flight async work and threadsafe-function requests leaves zero and unrefs
+ * when it comes back. The requests the dead thread held never complete, so the
+ * count never returns to zero and the port holds the process open for good.
+ * `Context.destroy()` would not release it either — and it runs cleanup
+ * hooks, which is exactly what must not happen now. So unref the port directly.
+ * The count is left as is: it stays above zero, so a later request never refs
+ * the port again.
+ *
+ * The field is private in emnapi's typings, so read it defensively; a context
+ * without it (a non-Node host, a future emnapi) is left alone.
+ */
+function __releaseEmnapiWaitingRequestHandle() {
+  try {
+    const refCounter = __emnapiContext && __emnapiContext.refCounter
+    const refHandle = refCounter && refCounter.refHandle
+    if (refHandle && typeof refHandle.unref === 'function') {
+      refHandle.unref()
+    }
+  } catch {}
+}
+
+/**
+ * The public disposer after a wasm thread died. The normal chain drains async
+ * work, runs the environment cleanup barrier and destroys the context — every
+ * one of those re-enters wasm, and the barrier's shutdown waits for the dead
+ * thread's work in the same raw atomic wait `__disposeWasiBindingAtExit`
+ * avoids. An app that handled the worker's error and then disposes would block
+ * there for good. Only stop the workers, then reject: the binding was not
+ * cleaned up and cannot be, so reporting success would be a lie. The context
+ * is not destroyed — only its waiting-request port is unrefed, so the process
+ * can exit on its own — and the 'exit' listener takes its short path too.
+ *
+ * Latched: every later call returns the same promise.
+ */
+function __disposeWasiBindingAfterThreadCrash() {
+  if (__wasiThreadCrashDisposePromise) {
+    return __wasiThreadCrashDisposePromise
+  }
+  __releaseEmnapiWaitingRequestHandle()
+  let workerResult
+  try {
+    workerResult = __terminateWasiWorkers()
+  } catch (terminateError) {
+    workerResult = Promise.reject(terminateError)
+  }
+  // Built at settlement, after the workers stopped: by then the 'error' event
+  // has usually delivered the worker's error.
+  __wasiThreadCrashDisposePromise = Promise.resolve(workerResult).then(
+    () => {
+      throw __getWasiThreadCrashError()
+    },
+    (terminateError) => {
+      throw __attachCleanupErrors(__getWasiThreadCrashError(), [
+        terminateError,
+      ])
+    },
+  )
+  return __wasiThreadCrashDisposePromise
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stops a public disposal that a thread crash overtook.
+ *
+ * The check at the top of `__disposeWasiBinding` only sees a crash that came
+ * first. A thread that dies once the chain is running leaves it polling for
+ * work the dead thread still counts — the async-work drain for
+ * `napi_wasm_async_work_pending`, the barrier's poll for
+ * `napi_wasm_runtime_work_pending` — and neither count ever reaches zero, so
+ * the poll's referenced timers keep the process alive forever with the
+ * disposal promise pending. Each poll turn and each step boundary calls this,
+ * and the throw ends the chain before anything re-enters wasm again; the
+ * disposer then settles it through `__settleWasiDisposalAfterThreadCrash`.
+ *
+ * The initialization rollback runs the same polls and steps, so they stop while
+ * it runs too; its wrapper, `__rollbackWasiInitialization`, then ends it
+ * through `__rollbackWasiInitializationAfterThreadCrash`. A bare poll with
+ * neither in flight is left alone.
+ */
+function __abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed() {
+  if (
+    (__wasiDisposePromise !== undefined ||
+      __wasiInitializationRollbackActive) &&
+    __hasWasiThreadCrashed()
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'napi-rs: WASI disposal stopped because a worker thread crashed',
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Settles an in-flight public disposal whose chain failed after a thread
+ * died — stopped by `__abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed` or failing any other
+ * way — through the crash disposal: it releases the waiting-request port,
+ * terminates the workers and rejects with the same error an entry-time crash
+ * gets. `__wasiDisposePromise` stays set, so this caller, every caller that
+ * joined it and every later one hold the same promise. Returns false when no
+ * thread died, leaving the ordinary failure handling alone.
+ */
+function __settleWasiDisposalAfterThreadCrash(resolve, reject) {
+  if (!__hasWasiThreadCrashed()) {
+    return false
+  }
+  __disposeWasiBindingAfterThreadCrash().then(resolve, reject)
+  return true
+}
+
+/**
+ * Ends an initialization rollback after a wasm thread died, without entering
+ * wasm: the barrier, its finish and `Context.destroy()` are skipped, and the
+ * crash disposal releases the waiting-request port and terminates the workers,
+ * once. The initialization error itself is left to propagate: the crash error
+ * is returned as the rollback's cleanup error, so
+ * `__completeWasiInitializationRollback` attaches it — as the cause when the
+ * error has none — and keeps the record, since the context was not destroyed.
+ */
+function __rollbackWasiInitializationAfterThreadCrash() {
+  const crashError = __getWasiThreadCrashError()
+  // Its rejection is `crashError` itself, which the caller reports.
+  void __disposeWasiBindingAfterThreadCrash().catch(() => {})
+  return [crashError]
+}
+
+const __cwd = process.cwd()
+const __rootDir = __nodePath.parse(__cwd).root
+const __hostRoot =
+  process.platform === 'android' ? __cwd : __rootDir
 
 const __wasi = new __nodeWASI({
   version: 'preview1',
   env: process.env,
   preopens: {
-    [__rootDir]: __rootDir,
-  }
+    [__rootDir]: __hostRoot,
+    [__hostRoot]: __hostRoot,
+  },
 })
 
 const __sharedMemory = new WebAssembly.Memory({
@@ -146,20 +499,65 @@ let __emnapiContext
 
 const __wasiDisposeSymbol = Symbol.for('napi.rs.wasi.dispose')
 const __wasiWorkers = new Set()
+// The thread manager has to be reachable *before* anything that can throw
+// during load or registration. Initialization can fail after the pool has
+// already spawned workers, and the rollback still has to mark their
+// terminations as expected — but `__napiModule` is assigned only when
+// instantiation RETURNS, so on exactly that path it is still undefined. A
+// plugin factory runs while the emnapi module is being created, before the
+// wasm is loaded and before any registration function runs, and its context
+// carries the very same manager instance.
+let __wasiThreadManager
+
+function __captureWasiThreadManager(context) {
+  if (context && context.PThread) {
+    __wasiThreadManager = context.PThread
+  }
+  return {}
+}
+
+function __getWasiThreadManager() {
+  const manager =
+    __wasiThreadManager !== undefined
+      ? __wasiThreadManager
+      : __napiModule
+        ? __napiModule.PThread
+        : undefined
+  if (manager && typeof manager.terminateWorker === 'function') {
+    return manager
+  }
+  return undefined
+}
 let __napiInstance
 let __emnapiContextDestroyed = false
 let __emnapiContextDestroyPromise
 let __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPrepared = false
+let __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPreparing = false
+// The closer for a barrier that is parked between `…_begin` and `…_finish`,
+// set only while that window is open. `__emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPreparing` cannot
+// tell those two apart on its own: it is raised both for a purely synchronous
+// frame — which must not be re-entered, and which nothing outside it can
+// finish — and across this window, which spans real event-loop turns, so a
+// caller that cannot yield can land in the middle of one. That caller can close
+// this window, because `…_finish` is idempotent and joins, which is exactly
+// what the single call does. See `__prepareWasmEnvCleanup`.
+let __finishParkedWasmEnvCleanup
+// Raised while a caller that can still yield is driving the barrier, so the
+// queue it leaves behind is expected rather than lost. See
+// `__reportUnreachedWasmEnvSettlements`.
+let __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupYielding = false
+let __emnapiWasmEnvSettlementLossReported = false
 let __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupRan = false
 let __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupDrained = false
 let __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupDrainPromise
 let __wasiDisposed = false
+let __wasiAsyncWorkDrainPromise
 let __wasiDisposePromise
-let __completeWasiDisposal = function() {}
+let __completeWasiDisposal = function () {}
 // Overridden by loader flavors that have a last-resort reclaim for a rollback
 // that stopped short of destroying the context. See
 // `__rollbackWasiInitialization`.
-let __retainWasiRollbackForRetry = function() {}
+let __retainWasiRollbackForRetry = function () {}
 
 function __isThenable(value) {
   return (
@@ -223,18 +621,127 @@ function __attachCleanupErrors(error, cleanupErrors) {
   return aggregate
 }
 
+function __wrapEmnapiContextDestroyForSettlement(
+  context,
+  prepareEnvCleanup,
+  isPreparingEnvCleanup,
+) {
+  let destroy
+  try {
+    destroy = context.destroy
+  } catch {
+    return context
+  }
+  if (typeof destroy !== 'function') {
+    return context
+  }
+  try {
+    Object.defineProperty(context, 'destroy', {
+      configurable: true,
+      enumerable: false,
+      writable: true,
+      value: function () {
+        // Reentered from a promise hook that fired inside the barrier: the
+        // frame running it destroys as soon as it returns.
+        if (isPreparingEnvCleanup?.()) {
+          return
+        }
+        prepareEnvCleanup?.()
+        return Reflect.apply(destroy, this, arguments)
+      },
+    })
+  } catch {}
+  return context
+}
+
+function __isPreparingWasmEnvCleanup() {
+  return __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPreparing
+}
+
 function __prepareWasmEnvCleanup() {
   if (__emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPrepared) {
     return
   }
+  // A handshake parked between its two halves is one this frame can close, and
+  // must: every caller of this function is about to destroy the context, and
+  // the turns the poll is waiting for will not come — an 'exit' teardown is
+  // the last thing the process runs, and `Context.destroy()` takes the
+  // environment away. Closing it here runs `…_finish`, which is the call that joins, so
+  // this degrades to exactly the single call below. Leaving it open instead
+  // destroys the context with the barrier still raised, the runtime never
+  // joined and the workers never drained.
+  const finishParked = __finishParkedWasmEnvCleanup
+  if (finishParked !== undefined) {
+    finishParked()
+    __reportUnreachedWasmEnvSettlements()
+    return
+  }
+  if (__emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPreparing) {
+    return
+  }
   const prepare = __napiInstance?.exports?.napi_prepare_wasm_env_cleanup
   if (typeof prepare === 'function') {
-    prepare()
+    // The addon settles the promises it cancels synchronously, under a
+    // non-reentrant lifecycle mutex: anything a promise hook calls from in
+    // here must not reach this export again.
+    __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPreparing = true
+    try {
+      prepare()
+    } finally {
+      __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPreparing = false
+    }
     __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupRan = true
+    __reportUnreachedWasmEnvSettlements()
   }
   __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPrepared = true
 }
 
+/**
+ * Say so when the barrier leaves settlements queued and nothing is left that
+ * could deliver them.
+ *
+ * Only the disposal chain yields the event-loop turns @emnapi/core needs to
+ * dispatch its queue. Every other caller of the barrier destroys in the same
+ * turn — a raw `Context.destroy()`, the 'exit' teardown — and
+ * `Context.destroy()` runs the threadsafe function's cleanup hook, which drains
+ * that queue with a null env and discards it. The promises those settlements
+ * were for then hang forever, silently.
+ *
+ * Loud, once, and never throwing: this runs from inside `Context.destroy()`,
+ * emnapi's own beforeExit destroy included, where throwing would take the whole
+ * teardown down with it. Destroying anyway is still the right trade — the queue
+ * is already unreachable by then.
+ */
+function __reportUnreachedWasmEnvSettlements() {
+  if (__emnapiWasmEnvCleanupYielding || __emnapiWasmEnvSettlementLossReported) {
+    return
+  }
+  const pending = __napiInstance?.exports?.napi_wasm_env_cleanup_pending
+  if (typeof pending !== 'function') {
+    return
+  }
+  let queued
+  try {
+    queued = pending()
+  } catch {
+    return
+  }
+  if (!queued) {
+    return
+  }
+  __emnapiWasmEnvSettlementLossReported = true
+  try {
+    const consoleHost = globalThis.console
+    if (consoleHost && typeof consoleHost.error === 'function') {
+      consoleHost.error(
+        "napi-rs: the wasm environment is being destroyed with " +
+          queued +
+          " queued promise settlement(s). Context.destroy() discards them, so those promises never settle. Dispose with binding[Symbol.for('napi.rs.wasi.dispose')]() instead: only it yields the event-loop turns the settlements need.",
+      )
+    }
+  } catch {}
+}
+
 // Mirror the primitive @emnapi/core schedules its threadsafe-function dispatch
 // on, so the drain turns below interleave with that dispatch instead of racing
 // ahead of it on a faster queue.
@@ -266,6 +773,319 @@ const __scheduleMacrotask = (function () {
   }
 })()
 
+// A real, *referenced* timer, for waits that must let the whole host make
+// progress between looks — the async-work drain polls the addon rather than
+// interleaving with the @emnapi/core dispatch, so a zero-delay macrotask there
+// would spin the loop instead of yielding it. Falls back to the macrotask
+// scheduler on a host without timers.
+function __scheduleTimer(callback, delay) {
+  const setTimer = globalThis.setTimeout
+  if (typeof setTimer !== 'function') {
+    __scheduleMacrotask(callback)
+    return
+  }
+  try {
+    setTimer(callback, delay)
+  } catch {
+    __scheduleMacrotask(callback)
+  }
+}
+
+// A real, referenced timer rather than a zero-delay macrotask, for the same
+// reason the async-work drain uses one: this polls the addon instead of
+// interleaving with the @emnapi/core dispatch, so a zero-delay turn would spin
+// the loop instead of yielding it.
+const __WASM_RUNTIME_WORK_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 1
+// Arrivals it takes before the poll paces on the host's timers alone. One
+// proves nothing: a timer armed before the host's timers stopped still fires.
+const __WASM_RUNTIME_WORK_POLL_TRUSTED_ARRIVALS = 2
+// How long a parked turn's own timer must already have been due before a
+// backup that runs calls it dropped. Slack, not a deadline: a timer is due
+// against the event loop's clock, which is read once per iteration, while
+// these are `Date.now()` readings taken part-way through one, so the two
+// drift apart by however long the loop has been inside the current iteration.
+const __WASM_RUNTIME_WORK_POLL_STALL_MS = 50
+// How long a backup itself waits. What is left of it after the slack and one
+// interval — 149 ms — has to cover the *two* poll turns that can separate a
+// parked turn from the last backup armed while the host's timers still
+// worked, so the ceiling on a single turn is half of it. See the invariant on
+// `__armWasmRuntimePollStallBackup`.
+const __WASM_RUNTIME_WORK_POLL_BACKUP_MS = 200
+
+/**
+ * Pacing state for one runtime-work poll.
+ *
+ * Per poll, never per module: whether the host's timers arrive is not a
+ * property of the module. A host can lose its timers between two disposals,
+ * and in the deferred shape every instance shares this module — one healthy
+ * instance must not disarm the fallback for the next one.
+ */
+function __createWasmRuntimePollPace() {
+  return {
+    // Timers armed by *this* poll that have actually arrived.
+    arrivals: 0,
+    // The turn waiting on a timer alone *right now* — undefined whenever no
+    // turn is parked — and when that turn's own timer came due.
+    settleTurn: undefined,
+    turnTimerDueAt: 0,
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The backup that ends a turn whose timer is never going to arrive.
+ *
+ * Once the poll paces on the timer alone it has nothing left to fall back on
+ * if the host's timers stop mid-poll: the turn that armed the dead timer is
+ * the turn that parks, and a parked poll schedules nothing that could notice.
+ * So every turn arms one of these before it yields, and each one compares due
+ * times instead of measuring how long the parked turn has been waiting.
+ *
+ * Invariant: a parked turn is ended by the newest backup that was armed while
+ * the host's timers still worked, and a backup ends a turn only when that
+ * turn's own timer was already due a whole window before the backup itself.
+ * Neither half turns on how far apart the arms happen to fall — what bounds
+ * the rescue is how far back that newest live backup is:
+ *
+ * - *Ends it.* Hosts run timers in due order, so a backup that runs while a
+ *   turn due a whole window earlier is still parked proves that turn's timer
+ *   was dropped rather than merely late. That same comparison is what leaves a
+ *   healthy host alone: there the turn's timer has already run and cleared
+ *   `settleTurn` before any backup due after it can look.
+ * - *Two turns back, not one.* A turn that ended does not prove its own timer
+ *   arrived: until `…_TRUSTED_ARRIVALS` is reached every turn arms both
+ *   primitives and the macrotask wins, so such a turn can end with its own
+ *   timer — and the backup armed one line before it — already dead. The
+ *   arrival that then flips the poll onto the timer alone can itself be a
+ *   timer armed before the host's timers died. So the turn that parks can sit
+ *   two turns past the last live arm, and the newest live backup is due
+ *   `…_BACKUP_MS` less *two* turn lengths after that turn's own timer.
+ *   Arming on every turn is what holds it to two, rather than however far back
+ *   a throttle last let one through.
+ * - *Ceiling.* Coverage therefore holds while two consecutive poll turns fit
+ *   inside `…_BACKUP_MS` less the slack and one interval: 149 ms, so 74 ms
+ *   per turn (measured: a 74 ms turn is still rescued, a 75 ms one parks).
+ *   Past that the turn stays parked and the disposal promise never settles.
+ *   The bound is deliberate: reaching it takes a host that drops timers
+ *   mid-poll *and* keeps every poll turn busy for more than 74 ms, and neither
+ *   Node nor WebContainer — the hosts that run the threaded artifact — does
+ *   the second.
+ *
+ * The poll then goes back to arming both primitives until two fresh arrivals
+ * prove the timers again. A host that stops running the timers it has
+ * *already* accepted leaves nothing to fire, and the disposal promise stays
+ * pending rather than wedging the thread — the same outcome as a blocking
+ * closure that never returns. Unreferenced wherever the host allows it: the
+ * poll's own turn timers are what keep the loop alive, never these.
+ */
+function __armWasmRuntimePollStallBackup(pace) {
+  const setTimer = globalThis.setTimeout
+  if (typeof setTimer !== 'function') {
+    // Nothing to back up: `__scheduleTimer` is on the macrotask channel
+    // already, and that one cannot park.
+    return
+  }
+  // Read before arming, so this never claims to be due earlier than the timer
+  // actually is: a backup ends a turn only when it is provably due after it.
+  const dueAt = Date.now() + __WASM_RUNTIME_WORK_POLL_BACKUP_MS
+  let handle
+  try {
+    handle = setTimer(() => {
+      const settleTurn = pace.settleTurn
+      if (
+        !settleTurn ||
+        pace.turnTimerDueAt > dueAt - __WASM_RUNTIME_WORK_POLL_STALL_MS
+      ) {
+        // No turn is parked, or the parked one's timer came due too close to
+        // this backup to call it dropped — it may still arrive, and the turn
+        // that armed it armed a backup due a whole window after *that*.
+        return
+      }
+      pace.arrivals = 0
+      pace.settleTurn = undefined
+      settleTurn()
+    }, __WASM_RUNTIME_WORK_POLL_BACKUP_MS)
+  } catch {
+    return
+  }
+  if (handle && typeof handle.unref === 'function') {
+    try {
+      handle.unref()
+    } catch {}
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * One turn of the runtime-work poll.
+ *
+ * `__scheduleTimer` falls back to the macrotask scheduler when `setTimeout` is
+ * missing or throws, but not when it is present, returns a handle and never
+ * fires — fake timers in a test suite that disposes from an `afterEach`, or a
+ * host whose timers belong to an IO context that is already gone. That host
+ * would park this poll forever, and the poll is unbounded, so nothing would
+ * ever call `…_finish`.
+ *
+ * Arm both primitives until timers armed by this poll have arrived twice, and
+ * let whichever lands first end the turn; the loser resolves nothing. A host
+ * with working timers therefore pays the double arming for the first turn or
+ * two — the macrotask wins the race, but the timers behind it still arrive and
+ * are counted — and paces on the timer alone from then on, instead of spinning
+ * the loop on a zero-delay queue. A host whose timers never arrive keeps both,
+ * and the macrotask is what keeps the poll moving. A host whose timers stop
+ * after proving themselves is caught by `__armWasmRuntimePollStallBackup`,
+ * which ends the parked turn and puts this poll back on both.
+ */
+function __yieldWasmRuntimePollTurn(pace) {
+  // Armed before the turn yields, and by every turn: what rescues a parked
+  // turn has to have been armed while the host's timers still worked, and the
+  // turn that parks is the one whose own timer is already dead.
+  __armWasmRuntimePollStallBackup(pace)
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    let settled = false
+    const settle = () => {
+      if (settled) {
+        return
+      }
+      settled = true
+      if (pace.settleTurn === settle) {
+        // Nothing is parked any more: a backup running later must not read a
+        // due time this turn has already answered.
+        pace.settleTurn = undefined
+      }
+      resolve()
+    }
+    __scheduleTimer(() => {
+      pace.arrivals++
+      settle()
+    }, __WASM_RUNTIME_WORK_POLL_INTERVAL_MS)
+    // Read next to the arming it describes; see
+    // `__armWasmRuntimePollStallBackup` for what the two due times mean.
+    const turnTimerDueAt = Date.now() + __WASM_RUNTIME_WORK_POLL_INTERVAL_MS
+    if (pace.arrivals < __WASM_RUNTIME_WORK_POLL_TRUSTED_ARRIVALS) {
+      __scheduleMacrotask(settle)
+      return
+    }
+    // Paced by the timer alone from here; the backup is what ends this turn if
+    // the timer never arrives.
+    pace.settleTurn = settle
+    pace.turnTimerDueAt = turnTimerDueAt
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * The barrier for callers that can yield: `__prepareWasmEnvCleanup` with real
+ * event-loop turns in the middle.
+ *
+ * `napi_prepare_wasm_env_cleanup` waits — it returns only once the addon's
+ * async runtime has quiesced, and on `wasm32-wasip1-threads` the thread it
+ * waits on is this one, the only thread that can give a running blocking
+ * closure the JavaScript turn *it* is waiting for. A single call there can wait
+ * for work that can never finish. The addon's two-phase form splits that:
+ * `…_begin` stops the runtime without joining and reports whether anything is
+ * still live, `napi_wasm_runtime_work_pending` answers that question again
+ * without blocking, and `…_finish` joins. The turns yielded in between are the
+ * entire point.
+ *
+ * The poll has no deadline, for the same reason the async-work drain below has
+ * none: giving up means calling `…_finish`, which joins on this thread, and the
+ * work it would join is the work that is waiting for a turn from this thread —
+ * so a bound does not end the wait, it only moves it somewhere the JavaScript
+ * thread can no longer be reached. A blocking closure that never returns keeps
+ * the disposal promise pending instead, exactly as a task whose `execute` never
+ * returns already keeps an *undisposed* process alive. The host contract is in
+ * `crates/async-runtime/README.md`: a blocking closure must never wait on a
+ * JavaScript turn. The process-exit path still blocks in `…_finish`, because it
+ * has no turns left to give (see `__prepareWasmEnvCleanup`).
+ *
+ * Feature-detected like every other export in this teardown, so an addon built
+ * against a napi crate that predates the split keeps the single blocking call.
+ * Returns nothing whenever the handshake finished without yielding, which keeps
+ * an idle disposal synchronous.
+ */
+function __prepareWasmEnvCleanupWithTurns() {
+  if (__emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPrepared || __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPreparing) {
+    return
+  }
+  const exports = __napiInstance?.exports
+  const begin = exports?.napi_prepare_wasm_env_cleanup_begin
+  const finish = exports?.napi_prepare_wasm_env_cleanup_finish
+  if (typeof begin !== 'function' || typeof finish !== 'function') {
+    // No split to use. The settlement drain still follows this, so the queue
+    // the single call leaves behind is expected rather than lost.
+    __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupYielding = true
+    try {
+      __prepareWasmEnvCleanup()
+    } finally {
+      __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupYielding = false
+    }
+    return
+  }
+  const workPending = exports?.napi_wasm_runtime_work_pending
+  // The in-flight flag stays raised across the turns below, so a `destroy()`
+  // from one of the JavaScript handlers they run is the same no-op it is inside
+  // the single call: the barrier is up and the runtime is mid-teardown, and
+  // destroying between the halves would strand exactly what this delivers.
+  __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPreparing = true
+  let live
+  try {
+    live = begin()
+  } catch (error) {
+    __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPreparing = false
+    throw error
+  }
+  __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupRan = true
+  const finishCleanup = () => {
+    if (__emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPrepared) {
+      // Already closed by a caller that could not yield — the 'exit' teardown
+      // reached `__prepareWasmEnvCleanup` while this poll was parked. `…_finish`
+      // is idempotent, but the flags it lowers are not: running it again here
+      // would clear a `preparing` some later barrier had raised.
+      return
+    }
+    __finishParkedWasmEnvCleanup = undefined
+    try {
+      finish()
+    } finally {
+      __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPreparing = false
+    }
+    __emnapiWasmEnvCleanupPrepared = true
+  }
+  if (!live || typeof workPending !== 'function') {
+    finishCleanup()
+    return
+  }
+  // Publish the closer before yielding: from here until `finishCleanup` runs,
+  // a caller that cannot yield is entitled to end this handshake itself.
+  __finishParkedWasmEnvCleanup = finishCleanup
+  const finishCleanupUnlessCrashed = () => {
+    try {
+      __abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed()
+    } catch (error) {
+      __finishParkedWasmEnvCleanup = undefined
+      throw error
+    }
+    finishCleanup()
+  }
+  return (async () => {
+    // Unbounded, exactly like the async-work drain below. The wait ends when
+    // the addon reports its runtime work finished; the turns spent here are
+    // what let that happen at all.
+    const pace = __createWasmRuntimePollPace()
+    for (;;) {
+      await __yieldWasmRuntimePollTurn(pace)
+      __abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed()
+      try {
+        if (!workPending()) {
+          return
+        }
+      } catch {
+        // A trap is the only way this fails, and a trapped instance has no
+        // reachable work left. Stop polling and finish.
+        return
+      }
+    }
+  })().then(finishCleanupUnlessCrashed, finishCleanupUnlessCrashed)
+}
+
 // Turns to wait for while the addon still reports queued settlements. Reaching
 // zero is the only success. A counter still nonzero at this bound rejects the
 // disposal as retryable (`ERR_NAPI_WASI_CLEANUP_PENDING`) rather than
@@ -402,6 +1222,19 @@ function __destroyEmnapiContext() {
   }
 
   __prepareWasmEnvCleanup()
+  if (__isPreparingWasmEnvCleanup()) {
+    // Reached from inside the synchronous barrier — a promise hook one of the
+    // settlements above ran, which is the reentrancy the destroy wrapper
+    // exists for. `Context.destroy()` below would hit that wrapper's in-flight
+    // no-op and answer `undefined`, and recording that as a completed destroy
+    // is what makes the frame that *did* start the barrier skip the real one
+    // afterwards, leaving the context retained with its cleanup hooks unrun.
+    // Refuse instead: nothing is flagged, and that frame destroys for real the
+    // moment it returns. The deferred loader carries the same backstop. A
+    // parked handshake cannot get here — `__prepareWasmEnvCleanup` closes one
+    // rather than skipping it.
+    return
+  }
   const result = __emnapiContext.destroy()
   if (!__isThenable(result)) {
     __emnapiContextDestroyed = true
@@ -422,13 +1255,210 @@ function __destroyEmnapiContext() {
   return destroyPromise
 }
 
+/**
+ * Holds the event loop open until `work` settles.
+ *
+ * Nothing else can: the pool workers are deliberately unreferenced so an idle
+ * binding cannot keep a process alive, and referencing them again for the
+ * termination does not hold either — emnapi unreferences a worker the moment it
+ * reports `async-thread-ready`, which for a worker that was still starting
+ * lands *after* the termination began. Without a handle of its own, an
+ * `await dispose()` with nothing else pending exits the process with its
+ * promise unsettled, and everything after the `await` is skipped.
+ *
+ * The timer is cleared as soon as the work settles, so this never outlives the
+ * disposal that asked for it.
+ */
+function __keepEventLoopAliveUntil(work) {
+  const setTimer = globalThis.setInterval
+  const clearTimer = globalThis.clearInterval
+  if (typeof setTimer !== 'function' || typeof clearTimer !== 'function') {
+    return work
+  }
+  let timer
+  try {
+    timer = setTimer(function () {}, 50)
+  } catch {
+    return work
+  }
+  const release = function () {
+    try {
+      clearTimer(timer)
+    } catch {}
+  }
+  return work.then(
+    (value) => {
+      release()
+      return value
+    },
+    (error) => {
+      release()
+      throw error
+    },
+  )
+}
+
+// How often to re-read `napi_wasm_async_work_pending` while waiting. The wait
+// ends when the addon reports zero, so this only decides how promptly disposal
+// notices — not how long it waits.
+const __WASI_ASYNC_WORK_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 1
+
+/**
+ * Settles this addon's outstanding `napi_async_work` before the teardown that
+ * would strand it.
+ *
+ * `napi_prepare_wasm_env_cleanup` does not cover async work, and nothing about
+ * it is observable from JavaScript: the threadless archive resolves
+ * `napi_*_async_work` through the `@emnapi/core` plugins, but the threaded one
+ * links the C `async_work.c` on the uv threadpool, so there the wasm neither
+ * imports nor exports those symbols and the only brackets a loader could watch
+ * (`_emnapi_ctx_*_waiting_request_counter`) are shared with threadsafe
+ * functions. The addon is the one place both flavors go through, so it answers
+ * for both, through the same kind of handshake the settlement drain uses:
+ *
+ *   - `napi_wasm_cancel_pending_async_work()` cancels what no thread has
+ *     started. Those completion callbacks run with `napi_cancelled`, which
+ *     napi-rs turns into a promise rejected with an `AbortError`.
+ *   - `napi_wasm_async_work_pending()` counts what is still owed a completion
+ *     callback. Work already executing refuses cancellation and stays counted
+ *     until it finishes normally — which it can, because this runs before the
+ *     barrier, before `Context.destroy()` and before anything is terminated.
+ *
+ * Both exports are optional: an addon built against a napi crate that predates
+ * them drains nothing and keeps the previous behavior, exactly as the
+ * `napi_wasm_env_cleanup_pending` handshake degrades.
+ *
+ * Returns nothing when there is nothing outstanding, which keeps disposal
+ * synchronous in the common case. The promise it returns otherwise never
+ * rejects.
+ *
+ * The wait has no deadline, and that is the point: giving up would destroy the
+ * environment with a completion callback still owed, which is the stranding
+ * this exists to prevent. A task whose `execute` never returns already keeps an
+ * *undisposed* process alive in exactly the same way, so disposal inherits that
+ * rather than inventing a bound it cannot honor.
+ *
+ * Safe to call from inside a completion callback, which is reachable: settling
+ * a task runs addon code that can re-enter JavaScript — a setter on the value
+ * being handed back, a threadsafe-function callback — and that JavaScript can
+ * call `dispose()`. Two things make it terminate rather than wait on itself:
+ *
+ *   - The addon keeps a work registered until its completion callback
+ *     *finishes*, so the count read here is at least one and this takes the
+ *     polling path instead of declaring the environment drained and tearing it
+ *     down from inside the frame that is still settling a promise.
+ *   - The poll is a timer, so it cannot run until the callback has returned to
+ *     the host — by which time that work has left the registry. The count the
+ *     next poll reads is the one taken after the callback finished.
+ *
+ * `__disposeWasiBinding` hands every caller the same in-flight promise, so the
+ * nested call joins this disposal rather than starting a second one.
+ */
+function __drainWasiAsyncWork() {
+  if (__wasiAsyncWorkDrainPromise !== undefined) {
+    return __wasiAsyncWorkDrainPromise
+  }
+  const exports = __napiInstance?.exports
+  const pending = exports?.napi_wasm_async_work_pending
+  const cancelPending = exports?.napi_wasm_cancel_pending_async_work
+  if (typeof pending !== 'function' || typeof cancelPending !== 'function') {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const readPending = () => {
+    try {
+      return pending()
+    } catch (error) {
+      // A trap is the only way this call fails: it reads a counter and cannot
+      // allocate or call back into JavaScript. A trapped instance can no longer
+      // run anything, so its outstanding work is unreachable by definition —
+      // there is nothing left to wait for, and refusing to dispose would only
+      // keep a dead instance and its stuck counter alive. Best-effort here is
+      // the honest answer, and it is what disposal did before this drain
+      // existed.
+      //
+      // Only a trap. Anything else means the export is not what this loader
+      // thinks it is, which is a defect worth surfacing rather than disposing
+      // over.
+      if (error instanceof globalThis.WebAssembly.RuntimeError) {
+        return 0
+      }
+      throw error
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!readPending()) {
+    return
+  }
+  try {
+    cancelPending()
+  } catch {
+    // Cancellation is an optimization: it bounds the wait by the work already
+    // executing. Failing it only means waiting for the whole queue instead.
+  }
+  if (!readPending()) {
+    return
+  }
+
+  const drainPromise = __keepEventLoopAliveUntil(
+    (async () => {
+      while (readPending()) {
+        await new Promise((resolve) => {
+          __scheduleTimer(resolve, __WASI_ASYNC_WORK_POLL_INTERVAL_MS)
+        })
+        __abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed()
+      }
+    })(),
+  ).then(
+    () => {
+      __wasiAsyncWorkDrainPromise = undefined
+    },
+    (error) => {
+      // A wait that could not run is not a wait that finished. The only way
+      // here is a host whose timers and macrotask primitives all refuse, and
+      // the work is still outstanding — reporting success would destroy the
+      // environment over it, which is the stranding this exists to prevent.
+      // Reject instead: disposal stays retryable, and the context is not
+      // destroyed. Clearing the memo first is what makes the retry re-run this.
+      __wasiAsyncWorkDrainPromise = undefined
+      throw error
+    },
+  )
+  __wasiAsyncWorkDrainPromise = drainPromise
+  return drainPromise
+}
+
+/**
+ * `@emnapi/wasi-threads` counts a worker exit as expected only when its own
+ * thread manager performed the termination. A bare `worker.terminate()` reaches
+ * the manager's `exit` listener instead, which reports
+ * `worker (tid = N) sent an error! ... stopped with exit code 1` and rethrows
+ * inside the emit — aborting the `once('exit')` that backs the terminate
+ * promise, so disposal never settles and the process dies with an uncaught
+ * exception. Mark the termination through the manager first.
+ *
+ * The manager comes from `__getWasiThreadManager`, not from `__napiModule`:
+ * the initialization rollback runs on the one path where instantiation never
+ * returned, so `__napiModule` is still undefined there while the workers it
+ * spawned are already registered and loaded.
+ *
+ * Not `terminateAllThreads()`: that one recreates the pool it just shut down.
+ */
 function __terminateWasiWorkers() {
   const cleanupErrors = []
   const pending = []
+  const threadManager = __getWasiThreadManager()
 
   for (const worker of __wasiWorkers) {
     let result
     try {
+      if (threadManager) {
+        threadManager.terminateWorker(worker)
+        // `terminateWorker` leaves behind a reporter that logs every message
+        // still queued on the port, which Node flushes on exit. Nothing is
+        // listening for those any more.
+        worker.onmessage = undefined
+      }
       result = worker.terminate()
     } catch (error) {
       cleanupErrors.push(error)
@@ -458,7 +1488,9 @@ function __terminateWasiWorkers() {
       )
     }
   }
-  return pending.length > 0 ? Promise.all(pending).then(finish) : finish()
+  return pending.length > 0
+    ? __keepEventLoopAliveUntil(Promise.all(pending)).then(finish)
+    : finish()
 }
 
 function __finishWasiDisposal() {
@@ -470,6 +1502,7 @@ function __finishWasiDisposal() {
 }
 
 function __continueWasiDisposal() {
+  __abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed()
   const destroyResult = __destroyEmnapiContext()
   if (__isThenable(destroyResult)) {
     return Promise.resolve(destroyResult).then(__finishWasiDisposal)
@@ -477,11 +1510,8 @@ function __continueWasiDisposal() {
   return __finishWasiDisposal()
 }
 
-function __startWasiDisposal() {
-  // Run the pre-teardown barrier, then let the settlements it queued actually
-  // reach JavaScript, and only then destroy the environment. Doing these two
-  // back to back is what strands them.
-  __prepareWasmEnvCleanup()
+function __drainWasmEnvForWasiDisposal() {
+  __abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed()
   const drainResult = __drainWasmEnvCleanup()
   if (__isThenable(drainResult)) {
     return Promise.resolve(drainResult).then(__continueWasiDisposal)
@@ -489,6 +1519,34 @@ function __startWasiDisposal() {
   return __continueWasiDisposal()
 }
 
+function __cleanUpWasmEnvForWasiDisposal() {
+  __abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed()
+  // Run the pre-teardown barrier — yielding the turns its two-phase form asks
+  // for, when the addon has one — then let the settlements it queued actually
+  // reach JavaScript, and only then destroy the environment. Doing any two of
+  // these back to back is what strands them.
+  const prepareResult = __prepareWasmEnvCleanupWithTurns()
+  if (__isThenable(prepareResult)) {
+    return Promise.resolve(prepareResult).then(__drainWasmEnvForWasiDisposal)
+  }
+  return __drainWasmEnvForWasiDisposal()
+}
+
+function __startWasiDisposal() {
+  // Outstanding `napi_async_work` goes first, while the environment is still
+  // completely live: the completion callbacks run addon code, and everything
+  // after this point takes that away from them — the barrier shuts the async
+  // runtime down, `Context.destroy()` stops JavaScript calls, and terminating
+  // the pool threads removes what would have reported the work finished.
+  const asyncWorkResult = __drainWasiAsyncWork()
+  if (__isThenable(asyncWorkResult)) {
+    return Promise.resolve(asyncWorkResult).then(
+      __cleanUpWasmEnvForWasiDisposal,
+    )
+  }
+  return __cleanUpWasmEnvForWasiDisposal()
+}
+
 /**
  * Disposes this generated WASI binding.
  *
@@ -499,6 +1557,9 @@ function __disposeWasiBinding() {
   if (__wasiDisposePromise) {
     return __wasiDisposePromise
   }
+  if (!__wasiDisposed && __hasWasiThreadCrashed()) {
+    return __disposeWasiBindingAfterThreadCrash()
+  }
   if (__wasiDisposed) {
     return Promise.resolve()
   }
@@ -515,6 +1576,9 @@ function __disposeWasiBinding() {
   try {
     result = __startWasiDisposal()
   } catch (error) {
+    if (__settleWasiDisposalAfterThreadCrash(resolveDispose, rejectDispose)) {
+      return disposePromise
+    }
     __wasiDisposePromise = undefined
     rejectDispose(error)
     return disposePromise
@@ -526,6 +1590,9 @@ function __disposeWasiBinding() {
       resolveDispose(value)
     },
     (error) => {
+      if (__settleWasiDisposalAfterThreadCrash(resolveDispose, rejectDispose)) {
+        return
+      }
       __wasiDisposePromise = undefined
       rejectDispose(error)
     },
@@ -561,6 +1628,7 @@ function __finishWasiInitializationRollback(cleanupErrors) {
 }
 
 function __destroyContextForWasiRollback(cleanupErrors) {
+  __abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed()
   let destroyResult
   try {
     destroyResult = __destroyEmnapiContext()
@@ -629,30 +1697,131 @@ function __retainFailedWasiRollback(cleanupErrors) {
  * goes away. That is the deliberate choice: a hung promise is a silent liveness
  * bug with no upper bound, while the retained bookkeeping is bounded by the page.
  */
-function __rollbackWasiInitialization() {
-  const cleanupErrors = []
-  let drainResult
-  let settlementsUnreached = false
+function __runWasiInitializationRollbackSteps() {
+  // The environment teardown this rollback performs, kept nested so it cannot
+  // be reached without the async-work drain below running first.
+  function __rollbackWasmEnvForWasiInitialization() {
+    __abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed()
+    const cleanupErrors = []
+    let prepareResult
+    try {
+      prepareResult = __prepareWasmEnvCleanupWithTurns()
+    } catch (cleanupError) {
+      cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
+      return __retainFailedWasiRollback(cleanupErrors)
+    }
+    if (__isThenable(prepareResult)) {
+      return Promise.resolve(prepareResult).then(
+        () => __drainWasmEnvForWasiRollback(cleanupErrors),
+        (cleanupError) => {
+          cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
+          return __retainFailedWasiRollback(cleanupErrors)
+        },
+      )
+    }
+    return __drainWasmEnvForWasiRollback(cleanupErrors)
+  }
+
+  // The settlement drain of the rollback above, reached either straight away or
+  // after the barrier's two-phase form has yielded its turns. A barrier that
+  // did not finish never gets here: it retains instead, exactly as a drain that
+  // did not finish does.
+  function __drainWasmEnvForWasiRollback(cleanupErrors) {
+    __abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed()
+    let drainResult
+    try {
+      drainResult = __drainWasmEnvCleanup()
+    } catch (cleanupError) {
+      cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
+      return __retainFailedWasiRollback(cleanupErrors)
+    }
+    if (__isThenable(drainResult)) {
+      return Promise.resolve(drainResult).then(
+        () => __destroyContextForWasiRollback(cleanupErrors),
+        (cleanupError) => {
+          cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
+          return __retainFailedWasiRollback(cleanupErrors)
+        },
+      )
+    }
+    return __destroyContextForWasiRollback(cleanupErrors)
+  }
+
+  // Same reason as `__startWasiDisposal`: a module-init hook can start async
+  // work before the load goes on to fail, and this rollback tears down exactly
+  // what those completions need. Settle them while everything is still live,
+  // before the barrier and the teardown above take that away.
+  //
+  // A drain that could not finish leaves async work possibly outstanding, and
+  // destroying the context over it would strand exactly what this rollback is
+  // there to settle. Stop short and retain instead — the same trade
+  // `__rollbackWasmEnvForWasiInitialization` makes for the settlement drain, so
+  // the context stays reclaimable by a retry or by this flavor's own
+  // last-resort teardown.
+  const __retainAfterAsyncWorkDrainFailure = (cleanupError) =>
+    __retainFailedWasiRollback([cleanupError])
+  let asyncWorkResult
   try {
-    __prepareWasmEnvCleanup()
-    drainResult = __drainWasmEnvCleanup()
+    asyncWorkResult = __drainWasiAsyncWork()
   } catch (cleanupError) {
-    cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
-    settlementsUnreached = true
+    return __retainAfterAsyncWorkDrainFailure(cleanupError)
   }
-  if (__isThenable(drainResult)) {
-    return Promise.resolve(drainResult).then(
-      () => __destroyContextForWasiRollback(cleanupErrors),
-      (cleanupError) => {
-        cleanupErrors.push(cleanupError)
-        return __retainFailedWasiRollback(cleanupErrors)
-      },
+  if (__isThenable(asyncWorkResult)) {
+    return Promise.resolve(asyncWorkResult).then(
+      __rollbackWasmEnvForWasiInitialization,
+      __retainAfterAsyncWorkDrainFailure,
     )
   }
-  if (settlementsUnreached) {
-    return __retainFailedWasiRollback(cleanupErrors)
+  return __rollbackWasmEnvForWasiInitialization()
+}
+
+/**
+ * The rollback above, stopped when a wasm thread has died.
+ *
+ * Its polls wait for work the dead thread still counts, so they never end, and
+ * the barrier's `…_finish` and `Context.destroy()` would re-enter wasm
+ * and wait on that thread for good. While the rollback runs, the poll turns
+ * and step boundaries stop it (`__abortWasiDisposalIfThreadCrashed`), and a
+ * crash seen before, during or after it ends it through
+ * `__rollbackWasiInitializationAfterThreadCrash`. Without a crash the
+ * result — synchronous or not — is passed through unchanged.
+ */
+function __rollbackWasiInitialization() {
+  if (__hasWasiThreadCrashed()) {
+    return __rollbackWasiInitializationAfterThreadCrash()
   }
-  return __destroyContextForWasiRollback(cleanupErrors)
+  __wasiInitializationRollbackActive = true
+  let result
+  try {
+    result = __runWasiInitializationRollbackSteps()
+  } catch (error) {
+    __wasiInitializationRollbackActive = false
+    if (__hasWasiThreadCrashed()) {
+      return __rollbackWasiInitializationAfterThreadCrash()
+    }
+    throw error
+  }
+  if (!__isThenable(result)) {
+    __wasiInitializationRollbackActive = false
+    return __hasWasiThreadCrashed()
+      ? __rollbackWasiInitializationAfterThreadCrash()
+      : result
+  }
+  return Promise.resolve(result).then(
+    (cleanupErrors) => {
+      __wasiInitializationRollbackActive = false
+      return __hasWasiThreadCrashed()
+        ? __rollbackWasiInitializationAfterThreadCrash()
+        : cleanupErrors
+    },
+    (error) => {
+      __wasiInitializationRollbackActive = false
+      if (__hasWasiThreadCrashed()) {
+        return __rollbackWasiInitializationAfterThreadCrash()
+      }
+      throw error
+    },
+  )
 }
 
 const __wasiRollbackRegistrySymbol = Symbol.for('napi.rs.wasi.rollback.registry.v1')
@@ -758,11 +1927,24 @@ function __removeWasiExitListener() {
 
 function __disposeWasiBindingAtExit() {
   __wasiExitListenerRegistered = false
+  if (__hasWasiThreadCrashed()) {
+    // Never re-enter wasm after a thread died: the environment cleanup joins
+    // the dead thread's work and would hang the exit forever — SIGTERM
+    // included, since its JavaScript listener never gets a turn. Stop the
+    // workers and leave.
+    try {
+      void Promise.resolve(__terminateWasiWorkers()).catch(() => {})
+    } catch {}
+    return
+  }
   // An 'exit' handler cannot yield, so it cannot wait for queued promise
   // settlements the way __startWasiDisposal does — the process is leaving and
   // those promises have no observer left anyway. Run the synchronous teardown
   // directly. Every step is idempotent, which also makes this the synchronous
-  // finish for a disposal that is still waiting for its drain.
+  // finish for a disposal that is still waiting for its drain — and, through
+  // __prepareWasmEnvCleanup, for one still parked between the two halves of
+  // the environment cleanup barrier: there are no turns left to poll with, so
+  // this closes that handshake with `…_finish`, which joins.
   try {
     __destroyEmnapiContext()
   } catch {}
@@ -828,7 +2010,11 @@ function __captureEmnapiAutoDestroyListener() {
 try {
   const __finishAutoDestroyCapture = __captureEmnapiAutoDestroyListener()
   try {
-    __emnapiContext = __emnapiCreateContext({ autoDestroy: false })
+    __emnapiContext = __wrapEmnapiContextDestroyForSettlement(
+      __emnapiCreateContext({ autoDestroy: false }),
+      __prepareWasmEnvCleanup,
+      __isPreparingWasmEnvCleanup,
+    )
     // emnapi 2.x still registers an unconditional once-listener for
     // beforeExit that auto-destroys the context, and suppressDestroy() only
     // neutralizes its callback without removing it. This loader owns cleanup
@@ -846,7 +2032,7 @@ try {
     napiModule: __napiModule,
   } = __emnapiInstantiateNapiModuleSync(__wasmFile, {
     context: __emnapiContext,
-    asyncWorkPoolSize: (function() {
+    asyncWorkPoolSize: (function () {
       const threadsSizeFromEnv = Number(process.env.NAPI_RS_ASYNC_WORK_POOL_SIZE ?? process.env.UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE)
       // NaN > 0 is false
       if (threadsSizeFromEnv > 0) {
@@ -856,11 +2042,20 @@ try {
       }
     })(),
     reuseWorker: true,
-    plugins: [__emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin, __emnapiTSFNPlugin],
+    plugins: [
+      __captureWasiThreadManager,
+      __emnapiAsyncWorkPlugin,
+      __emnapiTSFNPlugin,
+    ],
     wasi: __wasi,
     onCreateWorker() {
       const worker = __createWasiWorker(__nodePath.join(__dirname, 'wasi-worker.mjs'))
       __wasiWorkers.add(worker)
+      // Registered before emnapi's own listeners, which rethrow the error.
+      worker.on('error', (error) => {
+        __wasiThreadCrashed = true
+        __recordWasiThreadCrashError(error, worker.threadId)
+      })
       worker.onmessage = ({ data }) => {
         __wasmCreateOnMessageForFsProxy(__nodeFs)(data)
       }
@@ -871,21 +2066,25 @@ try {
       // According to https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/19e0d472728c79d418b74bddff588bea70a403d0/lib/internal/worker.js#L415,
       // a worker is consist of two handles: kPublicPort and kHandle.
       {
-        const kPublicPort = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(worker).find(s =>
-          s.toString().includes("kPublicPort")
-        );
+        const kPublicPort = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(worker).find((s) =>
+          s.toString().includes('kPublicPort'),
+        )
         if (kPublicPort) {
-          worker[kPublicPort].ref = () => {};
+          worker[kPublicPort].ref = () => {}
         }
 
-        const kHandle = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(worker).find(s =>
-          s.toString().includes("kHandle")
-        );
+        const kHandle = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(worker).find((s) =>
+          s.toString().includes('kHandle'),
+        )
         if (kHandle) {
-          worker[kHandle].ref = () => {};
+          worker[kHandle].ref = () => {}
         }
 
-        worker.unref();
+        worker.unref()
+        // These stubs stay in place for the worker's whole life, disposal
+        // included: `__keepEventLoopAliveUntil` is what holds the process open
+        // while a termination is pending, precisely because a worker's own
+        // references cannot be relied on for it.
       }
       return worker
     },
@@ -900,6 +2099,7 @@ try {
     },
     beforeInit({ instance }) {
       __napiInstance = instance
+      __captureWasiAddonCrashFlag(instance)
       for (const name of Object.keys(instance.exports)) {
         if (name.startsWith('__napi_register__')) {
           instance.exports[name]()
@@ -908,6 +2108,22 @@ try {
     },
   }))
   __publishWasiDispose(__napiModule.exports)
+  // The CommonJS tail below aliases `__napiModule.exports`; a named module
+  // export does not travel with it, so carry the marker on the binding itself
+  // too. Three things pin the stamp to exactly this spot:
+  //   - inside this `try`, because the guard throws on a
+  //     `#[napi(module_exports)]` hook that claimed the name, and only the
+  //     catch below tears the environment — context, workers, exit listener —
+  //     back down;
+  //   - after the async runtime host install, which hands this same object to
+  //     addon-provided registration functions that may put anything on it;
+  //   - assigning onto the loader's own `module.exports`, which is still the
+  //     original object here, so an addon accessor with a refusing setter is
+  //     never written through. `cjs-module-lexer` — Node's CJS -> ESM named
+  //     export detection — reads the static `module.exports.<name> =` either
+  //     way, and the later `module.exports = __napiModule.exports` does not
+  //     undo that.
+  module.exports.__napiBindingTarget = __napiStampBindingTarget(__napiModule.exports, __napiBindingTarget)
   __registerWasiExitListener()
 } catch (error) {
   const rollback = {