@solana/web3.js 1.56.1 → 1.58.0

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@solana/web3.js",
-  "version": "1.56.1",
+  "version": "1.58.0",
   "description": "Solana Javascript API",
   "keywords": [
     "api",

package/src/connection.ts

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import {
   Transaction,
   TransactionStatus,
   TransactionVersion,
+  VersionedTransaction,
 } from './transaction';
 import {Message, MessageHeader, MessageV0, VersionedMessage} from './message';
 import {AddressLookupTableAccount} from './programs/address-lookup-table/state';
@@ -801,6 +802,22 @@ export type TransactionReturnData = {
   data: [string, TransactionReturnDataEncoding];
 };
 
+export type SimulateTransactionConfig = {
+  /** Optional parameter used to enable signature verification before simulation */
+  sigVerify?: boolean;
+  /** Optional parameter used to replace the simulated transaction's recent blockhash with the latest blockhash */
+  replaceRecentBlockhash?: boolean;
+  /** Optional parameter used to set the commitment level when selecting the latest block */
+  commitment?: Commitment;
+  /** Optional parameter used to specify a list of account addresses to return post simulation state for */
+  accounts?: {
+    encoding: 'base64';
+    addresses: string[];
+  };
+  /** Optional parameter used to specify the minimum block slot that can be used for simulation */
+  minContextSlot?: number;
+};
+
 export type SimulatedTransactionResponse = {
   err: TransactionError | string | null;
   logs: Array<string> | null;
@@ -888,6 +905,8 @@ export type ParsedTransactionMeta = {
   err: TransactionError | null;
   /** The collection of addresses loaded using address lookup tables */
   loadedAddresses?: LoadedAddresses;
+  /** The compute units consumed after processing the transaction */
+  computeUnitsConsumed?: number;
 };
 
 export type CompiledInnerInstruction = {
@@ -917,6 +936,8 @@ export type ConfirmedTransactionMeta = {
   err: TransactionError | null;
   /** The collection of addresses loaded using address lookup tables */
   loadedAddresses?: LoadedAddresses;
+  /** The compute units consumed after processing the transaction */
+  computeUnitsConsumed?: number;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -1993,6 +2014,7 @@ const ConfirmedTransactionMetaResult = pick({
   preTokenBalances: optional(nullable(array(TokenBalanceResult))),
   postTokenBalances: optional(nullable(array(TokenBalanceResult))),
   loadedAddresses: optional(LoadedAddressesResult),
+  computeUnitsConsumed: optional(number()),
 });
 
 /**
@@ -2017,6 +2039,7 @@ const ParsedConfirmedTransactionMetaResult = pick({
   preTokenBalances: optional(nullable(array(TokenBalanceResult))),
   postTokenBalances: optional(nullable(array(TokenBalanceResult))),
   loadedAddresses: optional(LoadedAddressesResult),
+  computeUnitsConsumed: optional(number()),
 });
 
 const TransactionVersionStruct = union([literal(0), literal('legacy')]);
@@ -4619,12 +4642,58 @@ export class Connection {
 
   /**
    * Simulate a transaction
+   *
+   * @deprecated Instead, call {@link simulateTransaction} with {@link
+   * VersionedTransaction} and {@link SimulateTransactionConfig} parameters
    */
-  async simulateTransaction(
+  simulateTransaction(
     transactionOrMessage: Transaction | Message,
     signers?: Array<Signer>,
     includeAccounts?: boolean | Array<PublicKey>,
+  ): Promise<RpcResponseAndContext<SimulatedTransactionResponse>>;
+
+  /**
+   * Simulate a transaction
+   */
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-dupe-class-members
+  simulateTransaction(
+    transaction: VersionedTransaction,
+    config?: SimulateTransactionConfig,
+  ): Promise<RpcResponseAndContext<SimulatedTransactionResponse>>;
+
+  /**
+   * Simulate a transaction
+   */
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-dupe-class-members
+  async simulateTransaction(
+    transactionOrMessage: VersionedTransaction | Transaction | Message,
+    configOrSigners?: SimulateTransactionConfig | Array<Signer>,
+    includeAccounts?: boolean | Array<PublicKey>,
   ): Promise<RpcResponseAndContext<SimulatedTransactionResponse>> {
+    if ('message' in transactionOrMessage) {
+      const versionedTx = transactionOrMessage;
+      const wireTransaction = versionedTx.serialize();
+      const encodedTransaction =
+        Buffer.from(wireTransaction).toString('base64');
+      if (Array.isArray(configOrSigners) || includeAccounts !== undefined) {
+        throw new Error('Invalid arguments');
+      }
+
+      const config: any = configOrSigners || {};
+      config.encoding = 'base64';
+      if (!('commitment' in config)) {
+        config.commitment = this.commitment;
+      }
+
+      const args = [encodedTransaction, config];
+      const unsafeRes = await this._rpcRequest('simulateTransaction', args);
+      const res = create(unsafeRes, SimulatedTransactionResponseStruct);
+      if ('error' in res) {
+        throw new Error('failed to simulate transaction: ' + res.error.message);
+      }
+      return res.result;
+    }
+
     let transaction;
     if (transactionOrMessage instanceof Transaction) {
       let originalTx: Transaction = transactionOrMessage;
@@ -4639,6 +4708,11 @@ export class Connection {
       transaction._message = transaction._json = undefined;
     }
 
+    if (configOrSigners !== undefined && !Array.isArray(configOrSigners)) {
+      throw new Error('Invalid arguments');
+    }
+
+    const signers = configOrSigners;
     if (transaction.nonceInfo && signers) {
       transaction.sign(...signers);
     } else {
@@ -4725,12 +4799,48 @@ export class Connection {
 
   /**
    * Sign and send a transaction
+   *
+   * @deprecated Instead, call {@link sendTransaction} with a {@link
+   * VersionedTransaction}
    */
-  async sendTransaction(
+  sendTransaction(
     transaction: Transaction,
     signers: Array<Signer>,
     options?: SendOptions,
+  ): Promise<TransactionSignature>;
+
+  /**
+   * Send a signed transaction
+   */
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-dupe-class-members
+  sendTransaction(
+    transaction: VersionedTransaction,
+    options?: SendOptions,
+  ): Promise<TransactionSignature>;
+
+  /**
+   * Sign and send a transaction
+   */
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-dupe-class-members
+  async sendTransaction(
+    transaction: VersionedTransaction | Transaction,
+    signersOrOptions?: Array<Signer> | SendOptions,
+    options?: SendOptions,
   ): Promise<TransactionSignature> {
+    if ('message' in transaction) {
+      if (signersOrOptions && Array.isArray(signersOrOptions)) {
+        throw new Error('Invalid arguments');
+      }
+
+      const wireTransaction = transaction.serialize();
+      return await this.sendRawTransaction(wireTransaction, options);
+    }
+
+    if (signersOrOptions === undefined || !Array.isArray(signersOrOptions)) {
+      throw new Error('Invalid arguments');
+    }
+
+    const signers = signersOrOptions;
     if (transaction.nonceInfo) {
       transaction.sign(...signers);
     } else {

package/src/message/account-keys.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import {LoadedAddresses} from '../connection';
+import {PublicKey} from '../publickey';
+import {TransactionInstruction} from '../transaction';
+import {MessageCompiledInstruction} from './index';
+
+export type AccountKeysFromLookups = LoadedAddresses;
+
+export class MessageAccountKeys {
+  staticAccountKeys: Array<PublicKey>;
+  accountKeysFromLookups?: AccountKeysFromLookups;
+
+  constructor(
+    staticAccountKeys: Array<PublicKey>,
+    accountKeysFromLookups?: AccountKeysFromLookups,
+  ) {
+    this.staticAccountKeys = staticAccountKeys;
+    this.accountKeysFromLookups = accountKeysFromLookups;
+  }
+
+  keySegments(): Array<Array<PublicKey>> {
+    const keySegments = [this.staticAccountKeys];
+    if (this.accountKeysFromLookups) {
+      keySegments.push(this.accountKeysFromLookups.writable);
+      keySegments.push(this.accountKeysFromLookups.readonly);
+    }
+    return keySegments;
+  }
+
+  get(index: number): PublicKey | undefined {
+    for (const keySegment of this.keySegments()) {
+      if (index < keySegment.length) {
+        return keySegment[index];
+      } else {
+        index -= keySegment.length;
+      }
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  get length(): number {
+    return this.keySegments().flat().length;
+  }
+
+  compileInstructions(
+    instructions: Array<TransactionInstruction>,
+  ): Array<MessageCompiledInstruction> {
+    // Bail early if any account indexes would overflow a u8
+    const U8_MAX = 255;
+    if (this.length > U8_MAX + 1) {
+      throw new Error('Account index overflow encountered during compilation');
+    }
+
+    const keyIndexMap = new Map();
+    this.keySegments()
+      .flat()
+      .forEach((key, index) => {
+        keyIndexMap.set(key.toBase58(), index);
+      });
+
+    const findKeyIndex = (key: PublicKey) => {
+      const keyIndex = keyIndexMap.get(key.toBase58());
+      if (keyIndex === undefined)
+        throw new Error(
+          'Encountered an unknown instruction account key during compilation',
+        );
+      return keyIndex;
+    };
+
+    return instructions.map((instruction): MessageCompiledInstruction => {
+      return {
+        programIdIndex: findKeyIndex(instruction.programId),
+        accountKeyIndexes: instruction.keys.map(meta =>
+          findKeyIndex(meta.pubkey),
+        ),
+        data: instruction.data,
+      };
+    });
+  }
+}

package/src/message/compiled-keys.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+import {MessageHeader, MessageAddressTableLookup} from './index';
+import {AccountKeysFromLookups} from './account-keys';
+import {AddressLookupTableAccount} from '../programs';
+import {TransactionInstruction} from '../transaction';
+import assert from '../utils/assert';
+import {PublicKey} from '../publickey';
+
+export type CompiledKeyMeta = {
+  isSigner: boolean;
+  isWritable: boolean;
+  isInvoked: boolean;
+};
+
+type KeyMetaMap = Map<string, CompiledKeyMeta>;
+
+export class CompiledKeys {
+  payer: PublicKey;
+  keyMetaMap: KeyMetaMap;
+
+  constructor(payer: PublicKey, keyMetaMap: KeyMetaMap) {
+    this.payer = payer;
+    this.keyMetaMap = keyMetaMap;
+  }
+
+  static compile(
+    instructions: Array<TransactionInstruction>,
+    payer: PublicKey,
+  ): CompiledKeys {
+    const keyMetaMap: KeyMetaMap = new Map();
+    const getOrInsertDefault = (pubkey: PublicKey): CompiledKeyMeta => {
+      const address = pubkey.toBase58();
+      let keyMeta = keyMetaMap.get(address);
+      if (keyMeta === undefined) {
+        keyMeta = {
+          isSigner: false,
+          isWritable: false,
+          isInvoked: false,
+        };
+        keyMetaMap.set(address, keyMeta);
+      }
+      return keyMeta;
+    };
+
+    const payerKeyMeta = getOrInsertDefault(payer);
+    payerKeyMeta.isSigner = true;
+    payerKeyMeta.isWritable = true;
+
+    for (const ix of instructions) {
+      getOrInsertDefault(ix.programId).isInvoked = true;
+      for (const accountMeta of ix.keys) {
+        const keyMeta = getOrInsertDefault(accountMeta.pubkey);
+        keyMeta.isSigner ||= accountMeta.isSigner;
+        keyMeta.isWritable ||= accountMeta.isWritable;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return new CompiledKeys(payer, keyMetaMap);
+  }
+
+  getMessageComponents(): [MessageHeader, Array<PublicKey>] {
+    const mapEntries = [...this.keyMetaMap.entries()];
+    assert(mapEntries.length <= 256, 'Max static account keys length exceeded');
+
+    const writableSigners = mapEntries.filter(
+      ([, meta]) => meta.isSigner && meta.isWritable,
+    );
+    const readonlySigners = mapEntries.filter(
+      ([, meta]) => meta.isSigner && !meta.isWritable,
+    );
+    const writableNonSigners = mapEntries.filter(
+      ([, meta]) => !meta.isSigner && meta.isWritable,
+    );
+    const readonlyNonSigners = mapEntries.filter(
+      ([, meta]) => !meta.isSigner && !meta.isWritable,
+    );
+
+    const header: MessageHeader = {
+      numRequiredSignatures: writableSigners.length + readonlySigners.length,
+      numReadonlySignedAccounts: readonlySigners.length,
+      numReadonlyUnsignedAccounts: readonlyNonSigners.length,
+    };
+
+    // sanity checks
+    {
+      assert(
+        writableSigners.length > 0,
+        'Expected at least one writable signer key',
+      );
+      const [payerAddress] = writableSigners[0];
+      assert(
+        payerAddress === this.payer.toBase58(),
+        'Expected first writable signer key to be the fee payer',
+      );
+    }
+
+    const staticAccountKeys = [
+      ...writableSigners.map(([address]) => new PublicKey(address)),
+      ...readonlySigners.map(([address]) => new PublicKey(address)),
+      ...writableNonSigners.map(([address]) => new PublicKey(address)),
+      ...readonlyNonSigners.map(([address]) => new PublicKey(address)),
+    ];
+
+    return [header, staticAccountKeys];
+  }
+
+  extractTableLookup(
+    lookupTable: AddressLookupTableAccount,
+  ): [MessageAddressTableLookup, AccountKeysFromLookups] | undefined {
+    const [writableIndexes, drainedWritableKeys] =
+      this.drainKeysFoundInLookupTable(
+        lookupTable.state.addresses,
+        keyMeta =>
+          !keyMeta.isSigner && !keyMeta.isInvoked && keyMeta.isWritable,
+      );
+    const [readonlyIndexes, drainedReadonlyKeys] =
+      this.drainKeysFoundInLookupTable(
+        lookupTable.state.addresses,
+        keyMeta =>
+          !keyMeta.isSigner && !keyMeta.isInvoked && !keyMeta.isWritable,
+      );
+
+    // Don't extract lookup if no keys were found
+    if (writableIndexes.length === 0 && readonlyIndexes.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    return [
+      {
+        accountKey: lookupTable.key,
+        writableIndexes,
+        readonlyIndexes,
+      },
+      {
+        writable: drainedWritableKeys,
+        readonly: drainedReadonlyKeys,
+      },
+    ];
+  }
+
+  /** @internal */
+  private drainKeysFoundInLookupTable(
+    lookupTableEntries: Array<PublicKey>,
+    keyMetaFilter: (keyMeta: CompiledKeyMeta) => boolean,
+  ): [Array<number>, Array<PublicKey>] {
+    const lookupTableIndexes = new Array();
+    const drainedKeys = new Array();
+
+    for (const [address, keyMeta] of this.keyMetaMap.entries()) {
+      if (keyMetaFilter(keyMeta)) {
+        const key = new PublicKey(address);
+        const lookupTableIndex = lookupTableEntries.findIndex(entry =>
+          entry.equals(key),
+        );
+        if (lookupTableIndex >= 0) {
+          assert(lookupTableIndex < 256, 'Max lookup table index exceeded');
+          lookupTableIndexes.push(lookupTableIndex);
+          drainedKeys.push(key);
+          this.keyMetaMap.delete(address);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return [lookupTableIndexes, drainedKeys];
+  }
+}

package/src/message/index.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import {PublicKey} from '../publickey';
 
+export * from './account-keys';
+// note: compiled-keys is internal and doesn't need to be exported
 export * from './legacy';
 export * from './versioned';
 export * from './v0';

package/src/message/legacy.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ import {
   MessageAddressTableLookup,
   MessageCompiledInstruction,
 } from './index';
+import {TransactionInstruction} from '../transaction';
+import {CompiledKeys} from './compiled-keys';
+import {MessageAccountKeys} from './account-keys';
 
 /**
  * An instruction to execute by a program
@@ -37,13 +40,19 @@ export type MessageArgs = {
   /** The message header, identifying signed and read-only `accountKeys` */
   header: MessageHeader;
   /** All the account keys used by this transaction */
-  accountKeys: string[];
+  accountKeys: string[] | PublicKey[];
   /** The hash of a recent ledger block */
   recentBlockhash: Blockhash;
   /** Instructions that will be executed in sequence and committed in one atomic transaction if all succeed. */
   instructions: CompiledInstruction[];
 };
 
+export type CompileLegacyArgs = {
+  payerKey: PublicKey;
+  instructions: Array<TransactionInstruction>;
+  recentBlockhash: Blockhash;
+};
+
 /**
  * List of instructions to be processed atomically
  */
@@ -93,6 +102,29 @@ export class Message {
     return [];
   }
 
+  getAccountKeys(): MessageAccountKeys {
+    return new MessageAccountKeys(this.staticAccountKeys);
+  }
+
+  static compile(args: CompileLegacyArgs): Message {
+    const compiledKeys = CompiledKeys.compile(args.instructions, args.payerKey);
+    const [header, staticAccountKeys] = compiledKeys.getMessageComponents();
+    const accountKeys = new MessageAccountKeys(staticAccountKeys);
+    const instructions = accountKeys.compileInstructions(args.instructions).map(
+      (ix: MessageCompiledInstruction): CompiledInstruction => ({
+        programIdIndex: ix.programIdIndex,
+        accounts: ix.accountKeyIndexes,
+        data: bs58.encode(ix.data),
+      }),
+    );
+    return new Message({
+      header,
+      accountKeys: staticAccountKeys,
+      recentBlockhash: args.recentBlockhash,
+      instructions,
+    });
+  }
+
   isAccountSigner(index: number): boolean {
     return index < this.header.numRequiredSignatures;
   }
@@ -250,7 +282,7 @@ export class Message {
     for (let i = 0; i < accountCount; i++) {
       const account = byteArray.slice(0, PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH);
       byteArray = byteArray.slice(PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH);
-      accountKeys.push(bs58.encode(Buffer.from(account)));
+      accountKeys.push(new PublicKey(Buffer.from(account)));
     }
 
     const recentBlockhash = byteArray.slice(0, PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH);

package/src/message/v0.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ import {PublicKey, PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH} from '../publickey';
 import * as shortvec from '../utils/shortvec-encoding';
 import assert from '../utils/assert';
 import {PACKET_DATA_SIZE, VERSION_PREFIX_MASK} from '../transaction/constants';
+import {TransactionInstruction} from '../transaction';
+import {AddressLookupTableAccount} from '../programs';
+import {CompiledKeys} from './compiled-keys';
+import {AccountKeysFromLookups, MessageAccountKeys} from './account-keys';
 
 /**
  * Message constructor arguments
@@ -29,6 +33,21 @@ export type MessageV0Args = {
   addressTableLookups: MessageAddressTableLookup[];
 };
 
+export type CompileV0Args = {
+  payerKey: PublicKey;
+  instructions: Array<TransactionInstruction>;
+  recentBlockhash: Blockhash;
+  addressLookupTableAccounts?: Array<AddressLookupTableAccount>;
+};
+
+export type GetAccountKeysArgs =
+  | {
+      accountKeysFromLookups: AccountKeysFromLookups;
+    }
+  | {
+      addressLookupTableAccounts: AddressLookupTableAccount[];
+    };
+
 export class MessageV0 {
   header: MessageHeader;
   staticAccountKeys: Array<PublicKey>;
@@ -48,6 +67,124 @@ export class MessageV0 {
     return 0;
   }
 
+  get numAccountKeysFromLookups(): number {
+    let count = 0;
+    for (const lookup of this.addressTableLookups) {
+      count += lookup.readonlyIndexes.length + lookup.writableIndexes.length;
+    }
+    return count;
+  }
+
+  getAccountKeys(args?: GetAccountKeysArgs): MessageAccountKeys {
+    let accountKeysFromLookups: AccountKeysFromLookups | undefined;
+    if (args && 'accountKeysFromLookups' in args) {
+      if (
+        this.numAccountKeysFromLookups !=
+        args.accountKeysFromLookups.writable.length +
+          args.accountKeysFromLookups.readonly.length
+      ) {
+        throw new Error(
+          'Failed to get account keys because of a mismatch in the number of account keys from lookups',
+        );
+      }
+      accountKeysFromLookups = args.accountKeysFromLookups;
+    } else if (args && 'addressLookupTableAccounts' in args) {
+      accountKeysFromLookups = this.resolveAddressTableLookups(
+        args.addressLookupTableAccounts,
+      );
+    } else if (this.addressTableLookups.length > 0) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Failed to get account keys because address table lookups were not resolved',
+      );
+    }
+    return new MessageAccountKeys(
+      this.staticAccountKeys,
+      accountKeysFromLookups,
+    );
+  }
+
+  resolveAddressTableLookups(
+    addressLookupTableAccounts: AddressLookupTableAccount[],
+  ): AccountKeysFromLookups {
+    const accountKeysFromLookups: AccountKeysFromLookups = {
+      writable: [],
+      readonly: [],
+    };
+
+    for (const tableLookup of this.addressTableLookups) {
+      const tableAccount = addressLookupTableAccounts.find(account =>
+        account.key.equals(tableLookup.accountKey),
+      );
+      if (!tableAccount) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Failed to find address lookup table account for table key ${tableLookup.accountKey.toBase58()}`,
+        );
+      }
+
+      for (const index of tableLookup.writableIndexes) {
+        if (index < tableAccount.state.addresses.length) {
+          accountKeysFromLookups.writable.push(
+            tableAccount.state.addresses[index],
+          );
+        } else {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Failed to find address for index ${index} in address lookup table ${tableLookup.accountKey.toBase58()}`,
+          );
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (const index of tableLookup.readonlyIndexes) {
+        if (index < tableAccount.state.addresses.length) {
+          accountKeysFromLookups.readonly.push(
+            tableAccount.state.addresses[index],
+          );
+        } else {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Failed to find address for index ${index} in address lookup table ${tableLookup.accountKey.toBase58()}`,
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return accountKeysFromLookups;
+  }
+
+  static compile(args: CompileV0Args): MessageV0 {
+    const compiledKeys = CompiledKeys.compile(args.instructions, args.payerKey);
+
+    const addressTableLookups = new Array<MessageAddressTableLookup>();
+    const accountKeysFromLookups: AccountKeysFromLookups = {
+      writable: new Array(),
+      readonly: new Array(),
+    };
+    const lookupTableAccounts = args.addressLookupTableAccounts || [];
+    for (const lookupTable of lookupTableAccounts) {
+      const extractResult = compiledKeys.extractTableLookup(lookupTable);
+      if (extractResult !== undefined) {
+        const [addressTableLookup, {writable, readonly}] = extractResult;
+        addressTableLookups.push(addressTableLookup);
+        accountKeysFromLookups.writable.push(...writable);
+        accountKeysFromLookups.readonly.push(...readonly);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const [header, staticAccountKeys] = compiledKeys.getMessageComponents();
+    const accountKeys = new MessageAccountKeys(
+      staticAccountKeys,
+      accountKeysFromLookups,
+    );
+    const compiledInstructions = accountKeys.compileInstructions(
+      args.instructions,
+    );
+    return new MessageV0({
+      header,
+      staticAccountKeys,
+      recentBlockhash: args.recentBlockhash,
+      compiledInstructions,
+      addressTableLookups,
+    });
+  }
+
   serialize(): Uint8Array {
     const encodedStaticAccountKeysLength = Array<number>();
     shortvec.encodeLength(

package/src/publickey.ts

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ function isPublicKeyData(value: PublicKeyInitData): value is PublicKeyData {
   return (value as PublicKeyData)._bn !== undefined;
 }
 
+// local counter used by PublicKey.unique()
+let uniquePublicKeyCounter = 1;
+
 /**
  * A public key
  */
@@ -73,6 +76,15 @@ export class PublicKey extends Struct {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Returns a unique PublicKey for tests and benchmarks using acounter
+   */
+  static unique(): PublicKey {
+    const key = new PublicKey(uniquePublicKeyCounter);
+    uniquePublicKeyCounter += 1;
+    return new PublicKey(key.toBuffer());
+  }
+
   /**
    * Default public key value. (All zeros)
    */