@skewedaspect/sage-core 0.11.0 → 0.13.0

package/dist/gameRandom.d.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ export interface RandomState {
     readonly c: number;
     readonly d: number;
 }
+/**
+ * Whether a value is a state a generator takes: four words as `a`, `b`, `c`, and `d`, not all zero
+ * (design/simulation.md#the-generator).
+ */
+export declare function isRandomState(value: unknown): boolean;
 /**
  * The seeded generator, running xoshiro128** over four 32-bit words (design/simulation.md#random-numbers).
  */

package/dist/sage-core.js

@@ -367,34 +367,42 @@ var _ = class e {
 function w(e) {
 	return e >>> 0;
 }
-function T(e, t) {
+function T(e) {
+	return typeof e != "number" || !Number.isInteger(e) ? !1 : e >= 0 && e < C;
+}
+function E(e) {
+	if (typeof e != "object" || !e) return !1;
+	let t = e;
+	return !(!T(t.a) || !T(t.b) || !T(t.c) || !T(t.d) || t.a === 0 && t.b === 0 && t.c === 0 && t.d === 0);
+}
+function D(e, t) {
 	return w(Math.imul(e, t));
 }
-function E(e, t) {
+function O(e, t) {
 	return w(e << t | e >>> 32 - t);
 }
-function D(e) {
+function k(e) {
 	let t = w(v);
-	for (let n = 0; n < e.length; n++) t = w(t ^ e.charCodeAt(n)), t = T(t, y);
+	for (let n = 0; n < e.length; n++) t = w(t ^ e.charCodeAt(n)), t = D(t, y);
 	return t;
 }
-function O(e) {
-	return typeof e == "string" ? D(e) : w(e);
+function A(e) {
+	return typeof e == "string" ? k(e) : w(e);
 }
-function k(e) {
+function j(e) {
 	let t = e;
-	return t = w(t ^ t >>> 16), t = T(t, x), t = w(t ^ t >>> 15), t = T(t, S), t = w(t ^ t >>> 15), t;
+	return t = w(t ^ t >>> 16), t = D(t, x), t = w(t ^ t >>> 15), t = D(t, S), t = w(t ^ t >>> 15), t;
 }
-function A(e) {
+function M(e) {
 	let t = w(e + b), n = w(t + b), r = w(n + b), i = w(r + b);
 	return {
-		a: k(t),
-		b: k(n),
-		c: k(r),
-		d: k(i)
+		a: j(t),
+		b: j(n),
+		c: j(r),
+		d: j(i)
 	};
 }
-var j = class e {
+var N = class e {
 	seed;
 	#e;
 	#t;
@@ -402,8 +410,8 @@ var j = class e {
 	#r;
 	constructor(e) {
 		let t = e;
-		t === void 0 && (t = Date.now()), this.seed = O(t);
-		let n = A(this.seed);
+		t === void 0 && (t = Date.now()), this.seed = A(t);
+		let n = M(this.seed);
 		this.#e = n.a, this.#t = n.b, this.#n = n.c, this.#r = n.d;
 	}
 	get state() {
@@ -415,11 +423,12 @@ var j = class e {
 		};
 	}
 	set state(e) {
-		this.#e = w(e.a), this.#t = w(e.b), this.#n = w(e.c), this.#r = w(e.d);
+		if (!E(e)) throw RangeError("A GameRandom state is four whole numbers from 0 to 2^32 - 1 as a, b, c, and d, not all zero.");
+		this.#e = e.a, this.#t = e.b, this.#n = e.c, this.#r = e.d;
 	}
 	nextInt() {
-		let e = T(E(T(this.#t, 5), 7), 9), t = w(this.#t << 9);
-		return this.#n = w(this.#n ^ this.#e), this.#r = w(this.#r ^ this.#t), this.#t = w(this.#t ^ this.#n), this.#e = w(this.#e ^ this.#r), this.#n = w(this.#n ^ t), this.#r = E(this.#r, 11), e;
+		let e = D(O(D(this.#t, 5), 7), 9), t = w(this.#t << 9);
+		return this.#n = w(this.#n ^ this.#e), this.#r = w(this.#r ^ this.#t), this.#t = w(this.#t ^ this.#n), this.#e = w(this.#e ^ this.#r), this.#n = w(this.#n ^ t), this.#r = O(this.#r, 11), e;
 	}
 	nextFloat() {
 		return this.nextInt() / C;
@@ -456,7 +465,7 @@ var j = class e {
 	fork() {
 		return new e(this.nextInt());
 	}
-}, M = class extends p {
+}, P = class extends p {
 	#e;
 	#t;
 	#n = [];
@@ -517,7 +526,7 @@ var j = class e {
 	#a() {
 		if (this.#r !== void 0) return this.#t;
 	}
-}, N = "global", P = 128 * 2 ** -52, F = class e {
+}, F = "global", I = 128 * 2 ** -52, L = class e {
 	#e;
 	#t;
 	#n;
@@ -533,7 +542,7 @@ var j = class e {
 	#f = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
 	#p = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
 	constructor(e) {
-		if (this.#e = e.id, this.#r = e.fixedStepDuration, this.#i = e.entityClasses, this.#a = e.allocator, this.#o = e.seed ?? e.id, this.#s = new j(this.#o), this.#n = e.bus, this.#t = new M(e.id, e.bus), this.#e === N) throw Error(`The simulation name "${N}" is reserved for the persistent simulation.`);
+		if (this.#e = e.id, this.#r = e.fixedStepDuration, this.#i = e.entityClasses, this.#a = e.allocator, this.#o = e.seed ?? e.id, this.#s = new N(this.#o), this.#n = e.bus, this.#t = new P(e.id, e.bus), this.#e === F) throw Error(`The simulation name "${F}" is reserved for the persistent simulation.`);
 		if (!Number.isFinite(this.#r) || this.#r <= 0) throw RangeError("A fixed step duration must be a finite number greater than zero.");
 	}
 	get id() {
@@ -623,7 +632,7 @@ var j = class e {
 		};
 	}
 	buildFromSnapshot(e) {
-		if (e.randomState === void 0) throw Error(`The snapshot of "${e.id}" carries no randomState, so its generator cannot be restored.`);
+		if (!E(e.randomState)) throw Error(`The snapshot of "${e.id}" carries no randomState a generator takes, so it cannot be restored.`);
 		let t = this.buildReplacementSimulation({
 			id: e.id,
 			fixedStepDuration: this.#r,
@@ -653,7 +662,7 @@ var j = class e {
 		this.#c = e.tick, this.#l = e.idCounter;
 	}
 	#g() {
-		let e = P * this.#r;
+		let e = I * this.#r;
 		return this.#u + e >= this.#r;
 	}
 	advanceFixedStep(e) {}
@@ -663,7 +672,7 @@ var j = class e {
 		try {
 			this.#t.drain();
 		} finally {
-			e.fromAccumulator && (this.#u -= this.#r, Math.abs(this.#u) <= P * this.#r && (this.#u = 0)), this.#c += 1;
+			e.fromAccumulator && (this.#u -= this.#r, Math.abs(this.#u) <= I * this.#r && (this.#u = 0)), this.#c += 1;
 		}
 	}
 	#v(e) {
@@ -692,6 +701,6 @@ var j = class e {
 	}
 };
 //#endregion
-export { a as Behavior, p as EventBus, _ as GameEntity, j as GameRandom, F as GameSimulation, o as NamedBehavior, c as StateMachineBehavior, s as defineStates, d as dilationLimit, u as drainPassLimit, l as operationCallDepthLimit };
+export { a as Behavior, p as EventBus, _ as GameEntity, N as GameRandom, L as GameSimulation, o as NamedBehavior, c as StateMachineBehavior, s as defineStates, d as dilationLimit, u as drainPassLimit, l as operationCallDepthLimit };
 
 //# sourceMappingURL=sage-core.js.map

package/dist/sage-core.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"sage-core.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/computedState.ts","../src/behavior.ts","../src/namedBehavior.ts","../src/stateMachineBehavior.ts","../src/constants.ts","../src/events.ts","../src/eventBus.ts","../src/gameEntity.ts","../src/gameRandom.ts","../src/simulationBus.ts","../src/simulation.ts"],"sourcesContent":["//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Computed State\n//\n// A field can carry more than one computation, so what each one replaced is remembered rather than assumed to have\n// been a plain value (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n/** What a computed field is read and written through (design/entities.md#computed-state). */\nexport interface Computation<Value>\n{\n    get : () => Value;\n    set : (value : Value) => void;\n}\n\ninterface Replaced\n{\n    field : string;\n    beneath : PropertyDescriptor;\n}\n\nconst replaced = new WeakMap<object, Replaced[]>();\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nfunction replacedOn(state : object) : Replaced[]\n{\n    let entries = replaced.get(state);\n\n    if(entries === undefined)\n    {\n        entries = [];\n        replaced.set(state, entries);\n    }\n\n    return entries;\n}\n\nexport function defineComputed<Value>(state : object, field : string, computation : Computation<Value>) : void\n{\n    let beneath = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(state, field);\n\n    if(beneath === undefined)\n    {\n        beneath = { value: undefined, writable: true, enumerable: true, configurable: true };\n    }\n\n    replacedOn(state).push({ field, beneath });\n\n    Object.defineProperty(state, field, {\n        get: computation.get,\n        set: computation.set,\n        enumerable: true,\n        configurable: true,\n    });\n}\n\n// A computation may answer with a live view of what it computes from, so what a removal leaves behind is copied\n// out of the answer rather than kept (design/entities.md#computed-state). Records carry no prototype, the way\n// every other record in a state bag does.\nfunction plainValue(value : unknown) : unknown\n{\n    if(Array.isArray(value))\n    {\n        const items : unknown[] = [];\n\n        for(const item of value)\n        {\n            items.push(plainValue(item));\n        }\n\n        return items;\n    }\n\n    if(typeof value === 'object' && value !== null)\n    {\n        const copy = Object.create(null) as Record<string, unknown>;\n\n        for(const [ key, field ] of Object.entries(value))\n        {\n            copy[key] = plainValue(field);\n        }\n\n        return copy;\n    }\n\n    return value;\n}\n\n/**\n * Take every computation off a state bag, newest first, so a computation over a computation leaves the one beneath\n * it answering and the field ends as the plain value the last one answered with.\n */\nexport function removeComputed(state : object) : void\n{\n    const entries = replaced.get(state);\n\n    if(entries === undefined)\n    {\n        return;\n    }\n\n    for(let index = entries.length - 1; index >= 0; index--)\n    {\n        const entry = entries[index];\n        const answered = plainValue((state as Record<string, unknown>)[entry.field]);\n\n        if('value' in entry.beneath)\n        {\n            Object.defineProperty(state, entry.field, {\n                value: answered,\n                writable: true,\n                enumerable: true,\n                configurable: true,\n            });\n        }\n        else\n        {\n            Object.defineProperty(state, entry.field, entry.beneath);\n        }\n    }\n\n    entries.length = 0;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Behavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { type Computation, defineComputed } from './computedState.ts';\n\nimport type { EventSubscription, GameEvent } from './events.ts';\nimport type { GameEntity } from './gameEntity.ts';\nimport type { GameSimulationView } from './simulation.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// The simulation an entity of this kind is created with: a `NodeEntity`'s behavior reads a `NodeSimulationContext`\n// through `this.simulation`, and every other behavior reads the plain view\n// (design/behaviors.md#inside-a-behavior).\nexport type SimulationFor<Entity extends GameEntity> = Entity extends GameEntity<infer Context>\n    ? Context\n    : GameSimulationView;\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport abstract class Behavior<\n    State extends object,\n    Requires extends object = object,\n    Entity extends GameEntity = GameEntity,\n>\n{\n    declare readonly state : State;\n    declare readonly ops : Requires;\n    declare readonly entity : Entity;\n\n    // The simulation the entity was created with. `GameEntity` puts it on beside `entity`, and it is protected\n    // because the raw bus behind it emits as anyone (design/entities.md#cross-entity-access).\n    protected declare readonly simulation : SimulationFor<Entity>;\n\n    abstract readonly defaults : State;\n\n    onStateReady?() : void;\n    onCreate?() : void;\n    onUpdate?(dt : number) : void;\n    onEvent?(event : GameEvent) : boolean | undefined;\n\n    // Reading the field asks `get` and writing it tells `set`, from here until the entity is destroyed\n    // (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n    protected computed<Field extends keyof State & string>(\n        field : Field,\n        computation : Computation<State[Field]>\n    ) : void\n    {\n        defineComputed(this.state, field, computation);\n    }\n}\n\nexport interface BehaviorClass\n{\n    new () : Behavior<object, object>;\n    readonly ops ?: readonly PropertyKey[];\n    readonly events ?: readonly EventSubscription[];\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// NamedBehavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { Behavior } from './behavior.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface NamedState\n{\n    displayName : string;\n}\n\nexport class NamedBehavior extends Behavior<NamedState>\n{\n    readonly defaults : NamedState = { displayName: '' };\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// StateMachineBehavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { Behavior } from './behavior.ts';\n\nimport type { GameEntity } from './gameEntity.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface StateDefinition<Machine, States extends string>\n{\n    enter ?(this : Machine, from : States) : void;\n    exit ?(this : Machine, to : States) : void;\n    update ?(this : Machine, dt : number) : void;\n}\n\n// A subclass assigns `states` from this call, passing its own `this`, so the object literal gets a contextual type\n// and every enter, exit, and update inside it sees `this.state` and its own parameter typed. The two plainer forms\n// both fail: a method returning the table cannot name `this` in its own return type without TS7022, and a field\n// annotated by hand repeats the union of state names that `currentState` already declares.\nexport function defineStates<Machine, States extends string>(\n    _machine : Machine,\n    states : Record<States, StateDefinition<Machine, States>>\n) : Record<States, StateDefinition<Machine, States>>\n{\n    return states;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport abstract class StateMachineBehavior<\n    OwnState extends { currentState : string },\n    Requires extends object = object,\n    Entity extends GameEntity = GameEntity,\n> extends Behavior<OwnState, Requires, Entity>\n{\n    static readonly ops = [ 'transitionTo' ] as const;\n\n    abstract readonly states : Record<OwnState['currentState'], StateDefinition<this, OwnState['currentState']>>;\n\n    onUpdate(dt : number) : void\n    {\n        // `this.state.currentState` widens to `string` as an index expression on its own -- naming its type here\n        // is what keeps it narrowed to `OwnState['currentState']`, which `states` is actually keyed by.\n        const current : OwnState['currentState'] = this.state.currentState;\n\n        if(!Object.hasOwn(this.states, current))\n        {\n            throw new Error(\n                `StateMachineBehavior on entity \"${ this.entity.id }\": currentState is \"${ current }\", `\n                + 'which states does not declare.'\n            );\n        }\n\n        this.states[current].update?.call(this, dt);\n    }\n\n    transitionTo(to : OwnState['currentState']) : void\n    {\n        if(!Object.hasOwn(this.states, to))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`StateMachineBehavior: no state named \"${ to }\" is declared.`);\n        }\n\n        if(to === this.state.currentState)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const from : OwnState['currentState'] = this.state.currentState;\n\n        this.states[from].exit?.call(this, to);\n        this.state.currentState = to;\n        this.states[to].enter?.call(this, from);\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Tuning Constants\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport const operationCallDepthLimit = 32;\n\nexport const drainPassLimit = 64;\n\nexport const dilationLimit = 5;\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Events\n//\n// `EventMap` is declared in the package root because a `declare module` augmentation only merges into the module that\n// declares the interface, and the root is the only module a consumer can address.\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport type { EventMap } from './index.ts';\n\nexport type { EventMap };\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type GameEvent = {\n    [Type in keyof EventMap & string] : {\n        type : Type;\n        senderID : string;\n        targetID ?: string;\n        payload : EventMap[Type];\n    }\n}[keyof EventMap & string];\n\ntype EventPrefix<Type extends string> = Type extends `${ infer Prefix }:${ infer Rest }`\n    ? Prefix | `${ Prefix }:${ EventPrefix<Rest> }`\n    : never;\n\nexport type EventSubscription = (keyof EventMap & string) | `${ EventPrefix<keyof EventMap & string> }:*`;\n\n// The events a subscription hears: the one type it names, or every type under the prefix a pattern names.\nexport type EventsMatching<Subscription extends EventSubscription> = Subscription extends `${ infer Prefix }:*`\n    ? Extract<GameEvent, { type : `${ Prefix }:${ string }` }>\n    : Extract<GameEvent, { type : Subscription }>;\n\nexport type Unsubscribe = () => void;\n\nexport interface Subscriber\n{\n    readonly id : string;\n    receive(event : GameEvent) : boolean;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// The empty map boundary\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// Until a game augments `EventMap`, it holds nothing, `GameEvent` is `never` everywhere inside this package, and no\n// event value can be built against it. `RawGameEvent` is the shape an event has whatever the map holds, and it is the\n// only place core steps outside the typed vocabulary: it stays internal, and every public signature keeps `GameEvent`.\nexport interface RawGameEvent\n{\n    type : string;\n    senderID : string;\n    targetID ?: string;\n    payload : unknown;\n}\n\n// A pattern spans every remaining segment, so `door:*` matches `door:opened` and `door:lock:opened` alike.\nexport function compileEventPattern(subscription : string) : RegExp\n{\n    const escaped = subscription\n        .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\$&')\n        .replace(/\\\\\\*/g, '.*');\n\n    return new RegExp(`^${ escaped }$`);\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Event Bus\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { drainPassLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport {\n    type EventSubscription, type EventsMatching, type GameEvent, type RawGameEvent, type Subscriber,\n    type Unsubscribe, compileEventPattern,\n} from './events.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type EventCallback<Subscription extends EventSubscription = EventSubscription>\n    = (event : EventsMatching<Subscription>) => void;\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ninterface PatternSubscription\n{\n    pattern : RegExp;\n    subscriber : Subscriber;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport class EventBus\n{\n    #queue : RawGameEvent[] = [];\n    #patterns : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n    readonly #subscribers = new Map<string, Subscriber>();\n    readonly #exact = new Map<string, Subscriber[]>();\n\n    #mintedSubscribers = 0;\n\n    register(subscriber : Subscriber, subscriptions : readonly EventSubscription[]) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        if(this.#subscribers.has(subscriber.id))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`A subscriber is already registered under the ID \"${ subscriber.id }\".`);\n        }\n\n        this.#subscribers.set(subscriber.id, subscriber);\n\n        const exactNames : string[] = [];\n        const patternEntries : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n        for(const subscription of subscriptions)\n        {\n            const name : string = subscription;\n\n            if(name.endsWith(':*'))\n            {\n                const entry = { pattern: compileEventPattern(name), subscriber };\n                patternEntries.push(entry);\n                this.#patterns.push(entry);\n            }\n            else if(!exactNames.includes(name))\n            {\n                exactNames.push(name);\n                this.#addExact(name, subscriber);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return this.#teardown(subscriber, exactNames, patternEntries);\n    }\n\n    // Anything that is not an entity subscribes this way. The bus mints the subscriber ID, and what the callback\n    // answers with is ignored: consuming is an entity's own chain mechanic (design/events.md#registration).\n    on<Subscription extends EventSubscription>(\n        subscription : Subscription,\n        callback : EventCallback<Subscription>\n    ) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        this.#mintedSubscribers += 1;\n\n        const subscriber : Subscriber = {\n            id: this.mintSubscriberID(this.#mintedSubscribers),\n            receive(event : GameEvent) : boolean\n            {\n                callback(event as EventsMatching<Subscription>);\n                return false;\n            },\n        };\n\n        return this.register(subscriber, [ subscription ]);\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * The ID the n-th subscriber `on` makes registers under (design/events.md#registration).\n     */\n    protected mintSubscriberID(ordinal : number) : string\n    {\n        return `subscriber-${ ordinal }`;\n    }\n\n    emit(event : GameEvent) : void\n    {\n        this.#queue.push(event as RawGameEvent);\n    }\n\n    drain() : void\n    {\n        const errors : unknown[] = [];\n        let passes = 0;\n\n        while(this.#queue.length > 0)\n        {\n            passes += 1;\n\n            if(passes > drainPassLimit)\n            {\n                this.#queue = [];\n                errors.push(new Error(`The drain exceeded ${ drainPassLimit } passes.`));\n                break;\n            }\n\n            const pass = this.#queue;\n            this.#queue = [];\n\n            for(const event of pass)\n            {\n                this.#deliver(event, errors);\n            }\n        }\n\n        if(errors.length > 0)\n        {\n            throw new AggregateError(errors, 'The drain raised.');\n        }\n    }\n\n    // What a simulation's bus hands over when the simulation attaches to the engine's, in emission order.\n    protected takeQueuedEvents() : GameEvent[]\n    {\n        const queued = this.#queue;\n        this.#queue = [];\n\n        return queued as GameEvent[];\n    }\n\n    // What a simulation's bus hands back to itself on detach: whichever of its own emissions the given bus has not\n    // yet drained, in their original relative order, pulled out of that bus's queue rather than everyone's queued\n    // events (design/events.md#one-bus-per-engine).\n    protected static reclaimQueuedEvents(bus : EventBus, events : readonly RawGameEvent[]) : GameEvent[]\n    {\n        const reclaimed : RawGameEvent[] = [];\n        const remaining : RawGameEvent[] = [];\n\n        for(const event of bus.#queue)\n        {\n            if(events.includes(event))\n            {\n                reclaimed.push(event);\n            }\n            else\n            {\n                remaining.push(event);\n            }\n        }\n\n        bus.#queue = remaining;\n\n        return reclaimed as GameEvent[];\n    }\n\n    #addExact(name : string, subscriber : Subscriber) : void\n    {\n        const subscribers = this.#exact.get(name) ?? [];\n        subscribers.push(subscriber);\n        this.#exact.set(name, subscribers);\n    }\n\n    #removeExact(name : string, subscriber : Subscriber) : void\n    {\n        const subscribers = this.#exact.get(name);\n\n        if(subscribers === undefined)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const index = subscribers.indexOf(subscriber);\n\n        if(index >= 0)\n        {\n            subscribers.splice(index, 1);\n        }\n\n        if(subscribers.length === 0)\n        {\n            this.#exact.delete(name);\n        }\n    }\n\n    // A teardown is idempotent, and it evicts the subscriber under its ID only while that is still the registration it\n    // was handed out for; a later registration that took the same ID survives a stale teardown.\n    #teardown(\n        subscriber : Subscriber,\n        exactNames : readonly string[],\n        patternEntries : readonly PatternSubscription[]\n    ) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        let active = true;\n\n        return () : void =>\n        {\n            if(!active)\n            {\n                return;\n            }\n\n            active = false;\n\n            if(this.#subscribers.get(subscriber.id) === subscriber)\n            {\n                this.#subscribers.delete(subscriber.id);\n            }\n\n            for(const name of exactNames)\n            {\n                this.#removeExact(name, subscriber);\n            }\n\n            const remaining : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n            for(const entry of this.#patterns)\n            {\n                if(!patternEntries.includes(entry))\n                {\n                    remaining.push(entry);\n                }\n            }\n\n            this.#patterns = remaining;\n        };\n    }\n\n    #deliver(event : RawGameEvent, errors : unknown[]) : void\n    {\n        if(event.targetID !== undefined)\n        {\n            const addressed = this.#subscribers.get(event.targetID);\n\n            if(addressed !== undefined)\n            {\n                EventBus.#handOff(addressed, event, errors);\n            }\n\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const delivered = new Set<Subscriber>();\n\n        for(const subscriber of [ ...this.#exact.get(event.type) ?? [] ])\n        {\n            EventBus.#handOffOnce(subscriber, event, delivered, errors);\n        }\n\n        for(const entry of [ ...this.#patterns ])\n        {\n            if(entry.pattern.test(event.type))\n            {\n                EventBus.#handOffOnce(entry.subscriber, event, delivered, errors);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    static #handOffOnce(\n        subscriber : Subscriber,\n        event : RawGameEvent,\n        delivered : Set<Subscriber>,\n        errors : unknown[]\n    ) : void\n    {\n        if(delivered.has(subscriber))\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        delivered.add(subscriber);\n        EventBus.#handOff(subscriber, event, errors);\n    }\n\n    static #handOff(subscriber : Subscriber, event : RawGameEvent, errors : unknown[]) : void\n    {\n        try\n        {\n            subscriber.receive(event as GameEvent);\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            errors.push(error);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// GameEntity\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { type Computation, defineComputed, removeComputed } from './computedState.ts';\nimport { operationCallDepthLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport {\n    type EventMap, type EventSubscription, type GameEvent, type RawGameEvent, type Subscriber, type Unsubscribe,\n    compileEventPattern,\n} from './events.ts';\n\nimport type { Behavior, BehaviorClass } from './behavior.ts';\nimport type { GameSimulationView } from './simulation.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// State\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type StateValue = null | boolean | number | string | StateValue[] | { [key : string] : StateValue };\n\nexport type StateBag = Record<string, StateValue>;\n\nexport type DeepReadonly<Value> = Value extends (infer Item)[]\n    ? readonly DeepReadonly<Item>[]\n    : Value extends object\n        ? { readonly [Key in keyof Value] : DeepReadonly<Value[Key]> }\n        : Value;\n\nexport interface GameEntityState\n{\n    tags : string[];\n}\n\nfunction rejectStateValue(id : string, path : string) : never\n{\n    throw new TypeError(\n        `Entity \"${ id }\" state holds a value that is not finite JSON-compatible data at \"${ path }\".`\n    );\n}\n\n// Copies and checks in one walk, so every path that hands state around -- creation, restoration, snapshot --\n// rejects the same values (design/entities.md#state). Records are copied with no prototype, so a state field\n// named `__proto__` stays an ordinary field of the copy.\nfunction copyStateValue(value : unknown, id : string, path : string, seen : Set<object>) : StateValue\n{\n    if(value === null || typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'boolean')\n    {\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    if(typeof value === 'number')\n    {\n        if(!Number.isFinite(value))\n        {\n            rejectStateValue(id, path);\n        }\n\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    if(Array.isArray(value))\n    {\n        if(seen.has(value))\n        {\n            rejectStateValue(id, path);\n        }\n\n        seen.add(value);\n\n        const items : StateValue[] = [];\n\n        for(const [ index, item ] of value.entries())\n        {\n            items.push(copyStateValue(item, id, `${ path }[${ index }]`, seen));\n        }\n\n        seen.delete(value);\n\n        return items;\n    }\n\n    if(typeof value === 'object')\n    {\n        const prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(value) as unknown;\n\n        if((prototype !== Object.prototype && prototype !== null) || seen.has(value))\n        {\n            rejectStateValue(id, path);\n        }\n\n        seen.add(value);\n\n        const copy = Object.create(null) as StateBag;\n\n        for(const [ key, field ] of Object.entries(value))\n        {\n            let fieldPath = `${ path }.${ key }`;\n\n            if(path === '')\n            {\n                fieldPath = key;\n            }\n\n            copy[key] = copyStateValue(field, id, fieldPath, seen);\n        }\n\n        seen.delete(value);\n\n        return copy;\n    }\n\n    return rejectStateValue(id, path);\n}\n\nexport function copyStateBag(bag : Readonly<StateBag>, id : string) : StateBag\n{\n    return copyStateValue(bag, id, '', new Set<object>()) as StateBag;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Composition\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ntype UnionToIntersection<Union>\n    = (Union extends unknown ? (value : Union) => void : never) extends (value : infer Intersection) => void\n        ? Intersection\n        : never;\n\ntype StateOf<Class> = Class extends new () => { state : infer State } ? State : never;\n\ntype OperationNames<Class> = Class extends { ops : readonly (infer Name)[] } ? Name & PropertyKey : never;\n\ntype OpsFrom<Class> = Class extends BehaviorClass\n    ? Pick<InstanceType<Class>, OperationNames<Class> & keyof InstanceType<Class>>\n    : never;\n\ntype RequiresOf<Class> = Class extends new () => { ops : infer Requires } ? Requires : never;\n\nexport type StateFor<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]>\n    = GameEntityState & UnionToIntersection<StateOf<Behaviors[number]>> & object;\n\nexport type OpsFor<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]>\n    = UnionToIntersection<OpsFrom<Behaviors[number]>> & object;\n\nexport type OpsOf<Class extends BehaviorClass> = OpsFrom<Class>;\n\nexport type StateSliceOf<Class extends BehaviorClass> = StateOf<Class>;\n\ntype EntityOf<Class> = Class extends new () => { entity : infer Entity } ? Entity : GameEntity;\n\ninterface Unsatisfied<Missing> { 'ERROR: a behavior requires operations the entity does not provide' : Missing }\ninterface DuplicateOperation<Name> { 'ERROR: two behaviors expose the same operation name' : Name }\ninterface IncompatibleState<Name> { 'ERROR: two behaviors declare one state field with incompatible types' : Name }\ninterface WrongEntity<Class> { 'ERROR: a behavior attaches to an entity of another class' : Class }\n\ntype ValidateEntity<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[], Entity> = {\n    [Index in keyof Behaviors] : Entity extends EntityOf<Behaviors[Index]>\n        ? Behaviors[Index]\n        : WrongEntity<Behaviors[Index]>\n};\n\ntype ValidateRequires<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]> = {\n    [Index in keyof Behaviors] : OpsFor<Behaviors> extends RequiresOf<Behaviors[Index]>\n        ? Behaviors[Index]\n        : Unsatisfied<Exclude<keyof RequiresOf<Behaviors[Index]>, keyof OpsFor<Behaviors>>>\n};\n\ntype DuplicateNames<Behaviors extends readonly unknown[], Seen extends PropertyKey = never>\n    = Behaviors extends readonly [ infer Head, ...infer Tail ]\n        ? [Extract<OperationNames<Head>, Seen>] extends [never]\n            ? DuplicateNames<Tail, Seen | OperationNames<Head>>\n            : Extract<OperationNames<Head>, Seen> | DuplicateNames<Tail, Seen | OperationNames<Head>>\n        : never;\n\ntype IncompatibleKeys<First, Second> = {\n    [Key in keyof First & keyof Second] : [First[Key]] extends [Second[Key]]\n        ? [Second[Key]] extends [First[Key]]\n            ? never\n            : Key\n        : Key;\n}[keyof First & keyof Second];\n\ntype IncompatibleStateKeys<\n    Behaviors extends readonly unknown[],\n    SeenState extends object = object,\n> = Behaviors extends readonly [ infer Head, ...infer Tail ]\n    ? IncompatibleKeys<SeenState, StateOf<Head>> | IncompatibleStateKeys<Tail, SeenState & StateOf<Head>>\n    : never;\n\nexport type ValidTuple<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[], Entity = GameEntity>\n    = [DuplicateNames<Behaviors>] extends [never]\n        ? [IncompatibleStateKeys<Behaviors>] extends [never]\n            ? Behaviors extends ValidateRequires<Behaviors>\n                ? Behaviors extends ValidateEntity<Behaviors, Entity>\n                    ? Behaviors\n                    : ValidateEntity<Behaviors, Entity>\n                : ValidateRequires<Behaviors>\n            : readonly IncompatibleState<IncompatibleStateKeys<Behaviors>>[]\n        : readonly DuplicateOperation<DuplicateNames<Behaviors>>[];\n\nexport interface GameEntityType\n{\n    readonly behaviors : readonly BehaviorClass[];\n    readonly prototype : GameEntity;\n}\n\n// An entity class as an entity registry holds it: the construction signature is a function-typed property rather than a\n// method, so a subclass narrowing the context it constructs with is checked wherever the class is handed around as\n// a type, the entity registry included (design/entities.md#the-entity-registry).\nexport interface GameEntityClass<Context extends GameSimulationView = GameSimulationView> extends GameEntityType\n{\n    readonly create : (id : string, context : Context, state ?: object, name ?: string) => GameEntity;\n    readonly restore : (id : string, context : Context, state : GameEntityState, name ?: string) => GameEntity;\n}\n\n// An entity's own state is deep read-only; the one writable view of a slice is the behavior's own `this.state`\n// (design/entities.md#cross-entity-access).\nexport type ComposedOf<Type extends GameEntityType> = Type['prototype'] & {\n    readonly state : DeepReadonly<StateFor<Type['behaviors']>>;\n    readonly ops : OpsFor<Type['behaviors']>;\n};\n\nexport type NarrowedTo<Class extends BehaviorClass> = GameEntity & {\n    readonly state : DeepReadonly<StateSliceOf<Class>>;\n    readonly ops : OpsOf<Class>;\n};\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ntype BehaviorInstance = Behavior<object, object>;\n\ntype OperationTable = Record<PropertyKey, unknown>;\n\ntype EntityConstructor = new (\n    id : string,\n    context : GameSimulationView,\n    providedState : object,\n    runCreateHooks : boolean,\n    name ?: string\n) => GameEntity;\n\ninterface BehaviorListener\n{\n    instance : BehaviorInstance;\n    exact : string[];\n    patterns : RegExp[];\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// The entity\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// The context an entity is created with is its type parameter, so a behavior declaring that entity reads the same\n// kind through `this.simulation` (design/behaviors.md#inside-a-behavior).\nexport abstract class GameEntity<Context extends GameSimulationView = GameSimulationView> implements Subscriber\n{\n    readonly id : string;\n    readonly name : string;\n    protected readonly context : Context;\n    readonly state : object;\n    readonly ops : object;\n\n    static readonly behaviors : readonly BehaviorClass[] = [];\n\n    readonly #instances : BehaviorInstance[] = [];\n    readonly #listeners : BehaviorListener[] = [];\n    readonly #unsubscribe : Unsubscribe;\n\n    #operationDepth = 0;\n    #creationEvents : RawGameEvent[] | undefined;\n    #destroyed = false;\n\n    static create<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        this : Type & { behaviors : ValidTuple<Type['behaviors'], Type['prototype']> },\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationView,\n        state ?: Partial<StateFor<Type['behaviors']>>,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        return GameEntity.#construct(this, id, context, state ?? {}, true, name);\n    }\n\n    static restore<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        this : Type & { behaviors : ValidTuple<Type['behaviors'], Type['prototype']> },\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationView,\n        state : StateFor<Type['behaviors']>,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        return GameEntity.#construct(this, id, context, state, false, name);\n    }\n\n    static #construct<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        type : Type,\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationView,\n        state : object,\n        runCreateHooks : boolean,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        const constructable = type as unknown as EntityConstructor;\n\n        return new constructable(id, context, state, runCreateHooks, name) as ComposedOf<Type>;\n    }\n\n    protected constructor(\n        id : string,\n        context : Context,\n        providedState : object,\n        runCreateHooks : boolean,\n        name ?: string\n    )\n    {\n        this.id = id;\n        this.name = name ?? (new.target as typeof GameEntity).name;\n        this.context = context;\n\n        const behaviorClasses = (new.target as typeof GameEntity).behaviors;\n\n        for(const behaviorClass of behaviorClasses)\n        {\n            this.#instances.push(new behaviorClass());\n        }\n\n        this.state = GameEntity.#composeState(this.#instances, providedState, id);\n\n        const ops = Object.create(null) as OperationTable;\n        this.ops = ops;\n\n        const subscriptions : EventSubscription[] = [];\n\n        for(const [ index, behaviorClass ] of behaviorClasses.entries())\n        {\n            const instance = this.#instances[index];\n\n            if(instance !== undefined)\n            {\n                Object.assign(instance, { state: this.state, ops, entity: this, simulation: context });\n                this.#bindOperations(instance, behaviorClass, ops);\n                this.#bindEvents(instance, behaviorClass, subscriptions);\n            }\n        }\n\n        // A field the entity class computes itself goes on before any behavior's onStateReady, so a behavior\n        // computing the same field lands over it rather than under it (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n        // This runs inside the base constructor: a subclass's own fields and private methods do not exist yet, so\n        // an override reaches this.state and nothing else of its own.\n        this.declareComputedState(providedState);\n\n        // Every behavior reaches its own state here, before a creation hook or a step could read it, and a restored\n        // entity runs these exactly as a created one does (design/behaviors.md#hooks).\n        for(const instance of this.#instances)\n        {\n            instance.onStateReady?.();\n        }\n\n        this.#unsubscribe = context.bus.register(this, subscriptions);\n\n        if(runCreateHooks)\n        {\n            this.#runCreateHooks();\n        }\n    }\n\n    hasBehavior<Class extends BehaviorClass>(behaviorClass : Class) : this is NarrowedTo<Class>\n    {\n        for(const instance of this.#instances)\n        {\n            if(instance instanceof behaviorClass)\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    getEntity(id : string) : GameEntity | undefined\n    {\n        return this.context.getEntity(id);\n    }\n\n    emit<Type extends keyof EventMap & string>(type : Type, payload : EventMap[Type], targetID ?: string) : void\n    {\n        const event : RawGameEvent = { type, senderID: this.id, targetID, payload };\n\n        if(this.#creationEvents !== undefined)\n        {\n            this.#creationEvents.push(event);\n            return;\n        }\n\n        this.context.bus.emit(event as GameEvent);\n    }\n\n    update(dt : number) : void\n    {\n        for(const instance of this.#instances)\n        {\n            instance.onUpdate?.(dt);\n\n            // A behavior that despawns this entity ends the loop here, so a despawn partway through leaves the\n            // remaining behaviors' onUpdate unrun (design/entities.md#destruction).\n            if(this.#destroyed)\n            {\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    receive(event : GameEvent) : boolean\n    {\n        const raw = event as RawGameEvent;\n\n        for(const listener of this.#listeners)\n        {\n            if(GameEntity.#matches(listener, raw.type) && listener.instance.onEvent?.(event) === true)\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    destroy() : void\n    {\n        this.#destroyed = true;\n        this.removeComputedState();\n        this.#unsubscribe();\n    }\n\n    // Overridden by an entity class with a field of its own to compute. The state its caller supplied is what\n    // tells a field the spawn asked for from one composition filled in (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n    protected declareComputedState(suppliedState : object) : void\n    {\n        void suppliedState;\n    }\n\n    // Reading the field asks `get` and writing it tells `set`, from here until the entity is destroyed. The\n    // declaring class names its own state, since an entity's `state` is typed by its behaviors rather than by\n    // the fields the class declares beside them (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n    protected computed<OwnState extends object, Field extends keyof OwnState & string>(\n        field : Field,\n        computation : Computation<OwnState[Field]>\n    ) : void\n    {\n        defineComputed(this.state, field, computation);\n    }\n\n    // Called before a subclass runs any teardown of its own, so every getter is asked while whatever answers it\n    // is still there (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n    protected removeComputedState() : void\n    {\n        removeComputed(this.state);\n    }\n\n    // A copy, so an override reads the attachment order without reaching the list the entity dispatches from.\n    protected attachedBehaviors() : readonly BehaviorInstance[]\n    {\n        return [ ...this.#instances ];\n    }\n\n    #bindOperations(instance : BehaviorInstance, behaviorClass : BehaviorClass, ops : OperationTable) : void\n    {\n        for(const name of behaviorClass.ops ?? [])\n        {\n            if(Object.hasOwn(ops, name))\n            {\n                throw new Error(`Two behaviors on entity \"${ this.id }\" expose the operation \"${ String(name) }\".`);\n            }\n\n            const method = (instance as unknown as OperationTable)[name];\n\n            if(typeof method !== 'function')\n            {\n                throw new Error(\n                    `Behavior \"${ behaviorClass.name }\" declares the operation \"${ String(name) }\" `\n                    + 'with no method behind it.'\n                );\n            }\n\n            ops[name] = this.#guardedOperation(name, method as (...args : unknown[]) => unknown, instance);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #bindEvents(\n        instance : BehaviorInstance,\n        behaviorClass : BehaviorClass,\n        subscriptions : EventSubscription[]\n    ) : void\n    {\n        const exact : string[] = [];\n        const patterns : RegExp[] = [];\n\n        for(const subscription of behaviorClass.events ?? [])\n        {\n            const name : string = subscription;\n\n            if(name.endsWith(':*'))\n            {\n                patterns.push(compileEventPattern(name));\n            }\n            else\n            {\n                exact.push(name);\n            }\n\n            if(!subscriptions.includes(subscription))\n            {\n                subscriptions.push(subscription);\n            }\n        }\n\n        if(exact.length > 0 || patterns.length > 0)\n        {\n            this.#listeners.push({ instance, exact, patterns });\n        }\n    }\n\n    #guardedOperation(\n        name : PropertyKey,\n        method : (...args : unknown[]) => unknown,\n        instance : BehaviorInstance\n    ) : (...args : unknown[]) => unknown\n    {\n        return (...args : unknown[]) : unknown =>\n        {\n            this.#operationDepth += 1;\n\n            try\n            {\n                if(this.#operationDepth > operationCallDepthLimit)\n                {\n                    throw new RangeError(\n                        `Operation \"${ String(name) }\" on entity \"${ this.id }\" ran deeper than the operation `\n                        + `call depth limit of ${ operationCallDepthLimit }.`\n                    );\n                }\n\n                return method.apply(instance, args);\n            }\n            finally\n            {\n                this.#operationDepth -= 1;\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    // The hooks emit into a held list rather than onto the queue, so a hook that throws leaves the bus as it found it.\n    #runCreateHooks() : void\n    {\n        this.#creationEvents = [];\n\n        try\n        {\n            for(const instance of this.#instances)\n            {\n                instance.onCreate?.();\n            }\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            this.#creationEvents = undefined;\n            this.#unsubscribe();\n            throw error;\n        }\n\n        const held = this.#creationEvents;\n        this.#creationEvents = undefined;\n\n        for(const event of held)\n        {\n            this.context.bus.emit(event as GameEvent);\n        }\n    }\n\n    // No prototype, so nothing here inherits a toString: String(state) and an untemplated interpolation of it throw\n    // instead of reading \"[object Object]\".\n    static #composeState(instances : readonly BehaviorInstance[], providedState : object, id : string) : StateBag\n    {\n        const state = Object.create(null) as StateBag;\n        state['tags'] = [];\n\n        for(const instance of instances)\n        {\n            Object.assign(state, copyStateBag(instance.defaults as StateBag, id));\n        }\n\n        Object.assign(state, copyStateBag(providedState as StateBag, id));\n        GameEntity.#checkTags(state, id);\n\n        return state;\n    }\n\n    static #checkTags(state : StateBag, id : string) : void\n    {\n        const tags = state['tags'];\n\n        if(!Array.isArray(tags))\n        {\n            throw new TypeError(`Entity \"${ id }\" tags must be a list of strings.`);\n        }\n\n        const seen : string[] = [];\n\n        for(const tag of tags)\n        {\n            if(typeof tag !== 'string')\n            {\n                throw new TypeError(`Entity \"${ id }\" tags must be a list of strings.`);\n            }\n\n            if(seen.includes(tag))\n            {\n                throw new Error(`Entity \"${ id }\" carries the tag \"${ tag }\" more than once.`);\n            }\n\n            seen.push(tag);\n        }\n    }\n\n    static #matches(listener : BehaviorListener, type : string) : boolean\n    {\n        if(listener.exact.includes(type))\n        {\n            return true;\n        }\n\n        for(const pattern of listener.patterns)\n        {\n            if(pattern.test(type))\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// GameRandom\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type RandomSeed = number | string;\n\nexport interface RandomState\n{\n    readonly a : number;\n    readonly b : number;\n    readonly c : number;\n    readonly d : number;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// FNV-1a's offset basis and prime, which hash a string seed to one word (design/simulation.md#the-generator).\nconst hashOffsetBasis = 2166136261;\nconst hashPrime = 16777619;\n\n// splitmix32's three constants, which spread one seed word across the four state words.\nconst splitmixStep = 0x9e3779b9;\nconst splitmixFirstPrime = 0x21f0aaad;\nconst splitmixSecondPrime = 0x735a2d97;\n\nconst wordLimit = 2 ** 32;\n\nfunction toWord(value : number) : number\n{\n    return value >>> 0;\n}\n\nfunction multiply(left : number, right : number) : number\n{\n    return toWord(Math.imul(left, right));\n}\n\nfunction rotateLeft(word : number, bits : number) : number\n{\n    return toWord((word << bits) | (word >>> (32 - bits)));\n}\n\nfunction hashString(text : string) : number\n{\n    let hash = toWord(hashOffsetBasis);\n\n    for(let index = 0; index < text.length; index++)\n    {\n        hash = toWord(hash ^ text.charCodeAt(index));\n        hash = multiply(hash, hashPrime);\n    }\n\n    return hash;\n}\n\nfunction seedWord(seed : RandomSeed) : number\n{\n    if(typeof seed === 'string')\n    {\n        return hashString(seed);\n    }\n\n    return toWord(seed);\n}\n\nfunction mix(word : number) : number\n{\n    let mixed = word;\n\n    mixed = toWord(mixed ^ (mixed >>> 16));\n    mixed = multiply(mixed, splitmixFirstPrime);\n    mixed = toWord(mixed ^ (mixed >>> 15));\n    mixed = multiply(mixed, splitmixSecondPrime);\n    mixed = toWord(mixed ^ (mixed >>> 15));\n\n    return mixed;\n}\n\nfunction spread(word : number) : RandomState\n{\n    const first = toWord(word + splitmixStep);\n    const second = toWord(first + splitmixStep);\n    const third = toWord(second + splitmixStep);\n    const fourth = toWord(third + splitmixStep);\n\n    return { a: mix(first), b: mix(second), c: mix(third), d: mix(fourth) };\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n/**\n * The seeded generator, running xoshiro128** over four 32-bit words (design/simulation.md#random-numbers).\n */\nexport class GameRandom\n{\n    readonly seed : number;\n\n    #a : number;\n    #b : number;\n    #c : number;\n    #d : number;\n\n    constructor(seed ?: RandomSeed)\n    {\n        let chosen = seed;\n\n        if(chosen === undefined)\n        {\n            // A generator built with no seed is the one sequence SAGE does not repeat, and this is the one clock\n            // SAGE's own code reads (design/simulation.md#the-generator).\n            chosen = Date.now();\n        }\n\n        this.seed = seedWord(chosen);\n\n        const words = spread(this.seed);\n\n        this.#a = words.a;\n        this.#b = words.b;\n        this.#c = words.c;\n        this.#d = words.d;\n    }\n\n    get state() : RandomState\n    {\n        return { a: this.#a, b: this.#b, c: this.#c, d: this.#d };\n    }\n\n    set state(value : RandomState)\n    {\n        this.#a = toWord(value.a);\n        this.#b = toWord(value.b);\n        this.#c = toWord(value.c);\n        this.#d = toWord(value.d);\n    }\n\n    nextInt() : number\n    {\n        const result = multiply(rotateLeft(multiply(this.#b, 5), 7), 9);\n        const shifted = toWord(this.#b << 9);\n\n        this.#c = toWord(this.#c ^ this.#a);\n        this.#d = toWord(this.#d ^ this.#b);\n        this.#b = toWord(this.#b ^ this.#c);\n        this.#a = toWord(this.#a ^ this.#d);\n        this.#c = toWord(this.#c ^ shifted);\n        this.#d = rotateLeft(this.#d, 11);\n\n        return result;\n    }\n\n    nextFloat() : number\n    {\n        return this.nextInt() / wordLimit;\n    }\n\n    between(min : number, max : number) : number\n    {\n        if(max < min)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(`A max of ${ max } is below its min of ${ min }.`);\n        }\n\n        return min + (this.nextFloat() * (max - min));\n    }\n\n    wholeBetween(min : number, max : number) : number\n    {\n        if(max < min)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(`A max of ${ max } is below its min of ${ min }.`);\n        }\n\n        return min + Math.floor(this.nextFloat() * (max - min + 1));\n    }\n\n    chance(probability : number) : boolean\n    {\n        if(probability < 0 || probability > 1)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(`A probability of ${ probability } is outside [0, 1].`);\n        }\n\n        return this.nextFloat() < probability;\n    }\n\n    normal(mean = 0, deviation = 1) : number\n    {\n        if(deviation < 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(`A deviation of ${ deviation } is negative.`);\n        }\n\n        // Box-Muller. The first draw is taken as 1 - nextFloat() so the logarithm never meets zero\n        // (design/simulation.md#drawing).\n        const first = 1 - this.nextFloat();\n        const second = this.nextFloat();\n\n        return mean + (deviation * Math.sqrt(-2 * Math.log(first)) * Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * second));\n    }\n\n    pick<Item>(items : readonly Item[]) : Item\n    {\n        if(items.length === 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError('Cannot pick from an empty items array.');\n        }\n\n        return items[this.wholeBetween(0, items.length - 1)];\n    }\n\n    shuffle<Item>(items : readonly Item[]) : Item[]\n    {\n        const shuffled = [ ...items ];\n\n        for(let index = shuffled.length - 1; index > 0; index--)\n        {\n            const swap = this.wholeBetween(0, index);\n            const held = shuffled[index];\n\n            shuffled[index] = shuffled[swap];\n            shuffled[swap] = held;\n        }\n\n        return shuffled;\n    }\n\n    fork() : GameRandom\n    {\n        return new GameRandom(this.nextInt());\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// SimulationBus\n//\n// The bus a simulation's entities see. Detached, it is an ordinary bus of its own; attached, everything it is asked\n// goes to the engine's bus instead, and what it held moves across (design/events.md#one-bus-per-engine).\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { EventBus } from './eventBus.ts';\n\nimport type { EventSubscription, GameEvent, RawGameEvent, Subscriber, Unsubscribe } from './events.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ninterface Registration\n{\n    subscriber : Subscriber;\n    subscriptions : readonly EventSubscription[];\n    teardown : Unsubscribe;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport class SimulationBus extends EventBus\n{\n    readonly #name : string;\n    readonly #engineBus : EventBus | undefined;\n    readonly #registrations : Registration[] = [];\n\n    #attachedAs : Unsubscribe | undefined;\n    #forwarded : RawGameEvent[] = [];\n\n    constructor(name : string, engineBus : EventBus | undefined)\n    {\n        super();\n\n        this.#name = name;\n        this.#engineBus = engineBus;\n    }\n\n    get attached() : boolean\n    {\n        return this.#attachedAs !== undefined;\n    }\n\n    // A subscriber made here reaches the engine bus beside the engine's own, so its ID carries the simulation's\n    // name the way the simulation's entities' IDs do (design/events.md#registration).\n    protected override mintSubscriberID(ordinal : number) : string\n    {\n        return `${ this.#name }-subscriber-${ ordinal }`;\n    }\n\n    override register(subscriber : Subscriber, subscriptions : readonly EventSubscription[]) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        const attachedTo = this.#attachedTo();\n\n        let teardown : Unsubscribe;\n\n        if(attachedTo !== undefined)\n        {\n            teardown = attachedTo.register(subscriber, subscriptions);\n        }\n        else\n        {\n            teardown = super.register(subscriber, subscriptions);\n        }\n\n        const registration : Registration = { subscriber, subscriptions, teardown };\n        this.#registrations.push(registration);\n\n        return () : void =>\n        {\n            const index = this.#registrations.indexOf(registration);\n\n            if(index < 0)\n            {\n                return;\n            }\n\n            this.#registrations.splice(index, 1);\n            registration.teardown();\n        };\n    }\n\n    override emit(event : GameEvent) : void\n    {\n        const attachedTo = this.#attachedTo();\n\n        if(attachedTo !== undefined)\n        {\n            // Kept so detach can reclaim it if the engine bus has not drained it yet\n            // (design/events.md#one-bus-per-engine).\n            this.#forwarded.push(event as RawGameEvent);\n            attachedTo.emit(event);\n        }\n        else\n        {\n            super.emit(event);\n        }\n    }\n\n    override drain() : void\n    {\n        const attachedTo = this.#attachedTo();\n\n        if(attachedTo !== undefined)\n        {\n            try\n            {\n                attachedTo.drain();\n            }\n            finally\n            {\n                this.#forwarded = [];\n            }\n        }\n        else\n        {\n            super.drain();\n        }\n    }\n\n    attach() : void\n    {\n        // With no engine bus this already holds every registration and every emission attaching would move, which\n        // is the state attaching produces, so it changes nothing the way attaching an attached simulation does\n        // (design/events.md#one-bus-per-engine).\n        if(this.#engineBus === undefined || this.#attachedAs !== undefined)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        // The simulation registers under its own name first, which is what refuses a second attached simulation\n        // of the same name (design/simulation.md#the-simulations-name).\n        this.#attachedAs = this.#engineBus.register({ id: this.#name, receive: () => false }, []);\n\n        for(const registration of this.#registrations)\n        {\n            registration.teardown();\n            registration.teardown = this.#engineBus.register(registration.subscriber, registration.subscriptions);\n        }\n\n        for(const event of this.takeQueuedEvents())\n        {\n            this.#engineBus.emit(event);\n        }\n    }\n\n    detach() : void\n    {\n        if(this.#attachedAs === undefined)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        for(const registration of this.#registrations)\n        {\n            registration.teardown();\n            registration.teardown = super.register(registration.subscriber, registration.subscriptions);\n        }\n\n        // Detaching reverses attaching in both directions: subscribers move back here, and so does whichever of\n        // this simulation's own emissions the engine bus has not yet drained (design/events.md#one-bus-per-engine).\n        const engineBus = this.#engineBus;\n\n        if(engineBus !== undefined)\n        {\n            for(const event of EventBus.reclaimQueuedEvents(engineBus, this.#forwarded))\n            {\n                super.emit(event);\n            }\n        }\n\n        this.#forwarded = [];\n\n        this.#attachedAs();\n        this.#attachedAs = undefined;\n    }\n\n    #attachedTo() : EventBus | undefined\n    {\n        if(this.#attachedAs === undefined)\n        {\n            return undefined;\n        }\n\n        return this.#engineBus;\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// GameSimulation\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { dilationLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport { GameRandom, type RandomSeed, type RandomState } from './gameRandom.ts';\nimport { SimulationBus } from './simulationBus.ts';\nimport {\n    type ComposedOf, type GameEntity, type GameEntityClass, type GameEntityState, type GameEntityType, type StateBag,\n    type StateFor, type ValidTuple, copyStateBag,\n} from './gameEntity.ts';\n\nimport type { BehaviorClass } from './behavior.ts';\n\nimport type { EventBus } from './eventBus.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface GameEntitySnapshot\n{\n    id : string;\n    name : string;\n    state : StateBag;\n}\n\nexport interface GameSimulationSnapshot\n{\n    id : string;\n    tick : number;\n    idCounter : number;\n    randomState : RandomState;\n    entities : GameEntitySnapshot[];\n}\n\nexport type IDAllocator = () => string;\n\n// The classes a simulation spawns from, each constructable with the context the simulation provides.\nexport type GameEntityRegistry<Context extends GameSimulationView = GameSimulationView>\n    = Readonly<Record<string, GameEntityClass<Context>>>;\n\n// Every class in the registry carries the composition check its own `create` carries, so a composition the\n// compiler refuses is refused at the registry (design/entities.md#the-entity-registry).\nexport type ValidEntityRegistry<Registry extends GameEntityRegistry<never>> = {\n    readonly [Name in keyof Registry] : Registry[Name] & {\n        readonly behaviors : ValidTuple<Registry[Name]['behaviors'], Registry[Name]['prototype']>;\n    };\n};\n\nexport interface GameSimulationOptions<Registry extends GameEntityRegistry<never> = GameEntityRegistry>\n{\n    id : string;\n    fixedStepDuration : number;\n    entityClasses : Registry;\n    allocator ?: IDAllocator;\n    seed ?: RandomSeed;\n    bus ?: EventBus;\n}\n\n// A table typed as any class at all types nothing about a spawn, so its state is the plain bag.\ntype SpawnState<Type extends GameEntityType> = readonly BehaviorClass[] extends Type['behaviors']\n    ? StateBag\n    : Partial<StateFor<Type['behaviors']>>;\n\n// The persistent simulation, built after 0.10.0, takes this name (design/simulation.md#the-simulations-name).\nconst reservedName = 'global';\n\n// How close to a whole interval the accumulator has to be to owe a fixed step, as a fraction of the fixed-step\n// duration. A unit in the last place is proportional to the value it sits in, so an absolute constant is a wide\n// tolerance for a duration in seconds and no tolerance at all for the same rate written in milliseconds\n// (design/simulation.md#the-fixed-step).\nconst fixedStepTolerance = 128 * Number.EPSILON;\n/**\n * A simulation with its entity registry unknown: every member of `GameSimulation` whose type does not name the\n * registry. `GameSimulation` is invariant in its registry, so this is what code takes when it holds a simulation\n * without knowing what it spawns; `spawn` and `buildFromSnapshot` are the two members it lacks. It is also what an\n * entity is created with, and what a behavior reaches as `this.simulation`\n * (design/simulation.md#the-simulation, design/entities.md#cross-entity-access).\n */\nexport interface GameSimulationView\n{\n    readonly id : string;\n    readonly bus : EventBus;\n    readonly attached : boolean;\n    readonly tick : number;\n    readonly entities : readonly GameEntity[];\n    attach() : void;\n    detach() : void;\n    spawnByName(name : string, state ?: StateBag, id ?: string) : GameEntity;\n    despawn(id : string) : boolean;\n    getEntity(id : string) : GameEntity | undefined;\n    getEntitiesByTag(tag : string) : readonly GameEntity[];\n    getEntitiesOfClass<Type extends GameEntityType>(entityClass : Type) : readonly ComposedOf<Type>[];\n    runStepsForElapsedTime(elapsed : number) : void;\n    runFixedSteps(count : number) : void;\n    readonly random : GameRandom;\n    snapshot() : GameSimulationSnapshot;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// The entity registry is typed by the context this simulation provides to `create`: a subclass providing a narrower one\n// names it as `Context` and implements it, which is what lets a class needing that context into its registry\n// (design/entities.md#the-entity-registry).\nexport class GameSimulation<\n    Registry extends GameEntityRegistry<Context> = GameEntityRegistry,\n    Context extends GameSimulationView = GameSimulationView,\n> implements GameSimulationView, GameSimulationView\n{\n    readonly #id : string;\n    readonly #bus : SimulationBus;\n    readonly #engineBus : EventBus | undefined;\n    readonly #fixedStepDuration : number;\n    readonly #entityClasses : Registry;\n    readonly #allocator : IDAllocator | undefined;\n    readonly #seed : RandomSeed;\n    readonly #random : GameRandom;\n\n    #tick = 0;\n    #idCounter = 0;\n    #accumulator = 0;\n    #entries : GameEntity[] = [];\n    #byID = new Map<string, GameEntity>();\n    #retiredIDs = new Set<string>();\n\n    constructor(options : GameSimulationOptions<Registry> & { entityClasses : ValidEntityRegistry<Registry> })\n    {\n        this.#id = options.id;\n        this.#fixedStepDuration = options.fixedStepDuration;\n        this.#entityClasses = options.entityClasses;\n        this.#allocator = options.allocator;\n\n        // A simulation constructed with no seed seeds from its own name, so it rolls the same sequence every run\n        // (design/simulation.md#the-simulations-generator).\n        this.#seed = options.seed ?? options.id;\n        this.#random = new GameRandom(this.#seed);\n\n        this.#engineBus = options.bus;\n        this.#bus = new SimulationBus(options.id, options.bus);\n\n        if(this.#id === reservedName)\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The simulation name \"${ reservedName }\" is reserved for the persistent simulation.`);\n        }\n\n        if(!Number.isFinite(this.#fixedStepDuration) || this.#fixedStepDuration <= 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError('A fixed step duration must be a finite number greater than zero.');\n        }\n    }\n\n    get id() : string\n    {\n        return this.#id;\n    }\n\n    get bus() : EventBus\n    {\n        return this.#bus;\n    }\n\n    get attached() : boolean\n    {\n        return this.#bus.attached;\n    }\n\n    get tick() : number\n    {\n        return this.#tick;\n    }\n\n    get stepFraction() : number\n    {\n        return this.#accumulator / this.#fixedStepDuration;\n    }\n\n    get entities() : readonly GameEntity[]\n    {\n        return [ ...this.#entries ];\n    }\n\n    attach() : void\n    {\n        this.#bus.attach();\n    }\n\n    detach() : void\n    {\n        this.#bus.detach();\n    }\n\n    spawn<Name extends keyof Registry & string>(\n        name : Name,\n        state ?: SpawnState<Registry[Name]>,\n        id ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Registry[Name]>\n    {\n        return this.spawnByName(name, state as StateBag | undefined, id) as ComposedOf<Registry[Name]>;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * The same spawn for a name known only at run time, a marker's or a console's: the registry checks the name here\n     * rather than the compiler at the call (design/simulation.md#spawn-and-despawn).\n     */\n    spawnByName(name : string, state ?: StateBag, id ?: string) : GameEntity\n    {\n        const entityClass = this.#entityClass(name);\n\n        let entityID = id;\n\n        if(entityID === undefined)\n        {\n            entityID = this.#mintID();\n        }\n\n        if(this.#byID.has(entityID))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The simulation already holds an entity under the ID \"${ entityID }\".`);\n        }\n\n        // An ID is unique for the simulation's whole life, so one already despawned never spawns again\n        // (design/entities.md#ids).\n        if(this.#retiredIDs.has(entityID))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The simulation already retired the ID \"${ entityID }\"; an ID is never reused.`);\n        }\n\n        const entity = entityClass.create(entityID, this.#context(), state ?? {}, name);\n\n        this.#entries.push(entity);\n        this.#byID.set(entityID, entity);\n\n        return entity;\n    }\n\n    despawn(id : string) : boolean\n    {\n        return this.#despawn(id, new Set<string>());\n    }\n\n    #despawn(id : string, inFlight : Set<string>) : boolean\n    {\n        const entity = this.#byID.get(id);\n\n        if(entity === undefined)\n        {\n            return false;\n        }\n\n        inFlight.add(id);\n\n        // Children first, each found by the parent ID in its state (design/simulation.md#spawn-and-despawn). A\n        // parent ID is a state field, and writing state notifies nobody, so the children are found by looking rather\n        // than kept in an index that a write would leave stale. A parent ID cycle would otherwise recurse without\n        // end; an ID already in flight is skipped instead, so a cycle despawns each entity once.\n        for(const child of this.#childrenOf(id))\n        {\n            if(!inFlight.has(child.id))\n            {\n                this.#despawn(child.id, inFlight);\n            }\n        }\n\n        entity.destroy();\n\n        this.#entries.splice(this.#entries.indexOf(entity), 1);\n        this.#byID.delete(id);\n        this.#retiredIDs.add(id);\n\n        return true;\n    }\n\n    getEntity(id : string) : GameEntity | undefined\n    {\n        return this.#byID.get(id);\n    }\n\n    getEntitiesByTag(tag : string) : readonly GameEntity[]\n    {\n        const found : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            if(GameSimulation.#entityState(entity).tags.includes(tag))\n            {\n                found.push(entity);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return found;\n    }\n\n    getEntitiesOfClass<Type extends GameEntityType>(entityClass : Type) : readonly ComposedOf<Type>[]\n    {\n        const found : ComposedOf<Type>[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            if(entity instanceof (entityClass as unknown as abstract new () => GameEntity))\n            {\n                found.push(entity as ComposedOf<Type>);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return found;\n    }\n\n    runStepsForElapsedTime(elapsed : number) : void\n    {\n        if(!Number.isFinite(elapsed) || elapsed < 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError('Elapsed time must be a finite number of zero or more.');\n        }\n\n        this.#accumulator += elapsed;\n\n        let steps = 0;\n\n        while(this.#owesAFixedStep() && steps < dilationLimit)\n        {\n            this.#runFixedStep({ fromAccumulator: true });\n            steps += 1;\n        }\n\n        // Chronic overrun degrades into simulation time running slower than wall clock: the whole intervals still owed\n        // are dropped and only the fraction is carried.\n        if(steps === dilationLimit && this.#owesAFixedStep())\n        {\n            this.#accumulator %= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n        }\n    }\n\n    runFixedSteps(count : number) : void\n    {\n        if(!Number.isInteger(count) || count < 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(`runFixedSteps requires a whole number of steps, 0 or more, got ${ count }.`);\n        }\n\n        for(let step = 0; step < count; step += 1)\n        {\n            this.#runFixedStep({ fromAccumulator: false });\n        }\n    }\n\n    get random() : GameRandom\n    {\n        return this.#random;\n    }\n\n    snapshot() : GameSimulationSnapshot\n    {\n        const entities : GameEntitySnapshot[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            entities.push({\n                id: entity.id,\n                name: entity.name,\n                state: copyStateBag(entity.state as StateBag, entity.id),\n            });\n        }\n\n        return {\n            id: this.#id,\n            tick: this.#tick,\n            idCounter: this.#idCounter,\n            randomState: this.#random.state,\n            entities,\n        };\n    }\n\n    buildFromSnapshot(snapshot : GameSimulationSnapshot) : GameSimulation<Registry, Context>\n    {\n        // A snapshot read back from JSON is typed only by trust, and one written before snapshots carried the\n        // generator has none to restore.\n        if(snapshot.randomState === undefined)\n        {\n            throw new Error(\n                `The snapshot of \"${ snapshot.id }\" carries no randomState, so its generator cannot be restored.`\n            );\n        }\n\n        const restored = this.buildReplacementSimulation({\n            id: snapshot.id,\n            fixedStepDuration: this.#fixedStepDuration,\n            entityClasses: this.#entityClasses,\n            allocator: this.#allocator,\n            seed: this.#seed,\n            bus: this.#engineBus,\n        });\n\n        // Built on this simulation's seed, the replacement still rolls what the simulation that took the snapshot\n        // would have rolled next (design/simulation.md#the-simulations-generator).\n        restored.#random.state = snapshot.randomState;\n\n        restored.#load(snapshot);\n\n        return restored;\n    }\n\n    protected buildReplacementSimulation(\n        options : GameSimulationOptions<Registry>\n    ) : GameSimulation<Registry, Context>\n    {\n        return new GameSimulation<Registry, Context>(options as GameSimulationOptions<Registry> & {\n            entityClasses : ValidEntityRegistry<Registry>;\n        });\n    }\n\n    #load(snapshot : GameSimulationSnapshot) : void\n    {\n        const entries : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n        try\n        {\n            for(const row of snapshot.entities)\n            {\n                const entityClass = this.#entityClass(row.name);\n                const entity = entityClass.restore(\n                    row.id,\n                    this.#context(),\n                    row.state as GameEntityState & StateBag,\n                    row.name\n                );\n                entries.push(entity);\n            }\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            for(const entity of entries)\n            {\n                entity.destroy();\n            }\n\n            throw error;\n        }\n\n        this.#entries = entries;\n        this.#byID = new Map();\n\n        for(const entity of entries)\n        {\n            this.#byID.set(entity.id, entity);\n        }\n\n        this.#tick = snapshot.tick;\n        this.#idCounter = snapshot.idCounter;\n    }\n\n    // The accumulator holds a sum of binary floating point values, which lands a few units in the last place short of\n    // the interval the caller meant; without the tolerance three calls of a third of a step run no step at all.\n    #owesAFixedStep() : boolean\n    {\n        const tolerance = fixedStepTolerance * this.#fixedStepDuration;\n\n        return this.#accumulator + tolerance >= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Advances whatever else this simulation carries, once per fixed step, after every entity has updated\n     * and before the bus drains.\n     *\n     * `sage-core` carries nothing and does nothing here. A simulation holding a physics engine steps it\n     * from this, so what a behavior told a body during an update takes effect in the step it was told and\n     * what physics reports drains in the step it happened (design/simulation.md#the-fixed-step). It is\n     * synchronous because a fixed step is, and a throw from it leaves the simulation dead exactly as a\n     * throw from an entity's update does (design/simulation.md#failure).\n     *\n     * @param duration - The fixed step's own duration, never a frame's elapsed time.\n     */\n    protected advanceFixedStep(duration : number) : void\n    {\n        void duration;\n    }\n\n    // A step `runStepsForElapsedTime` runs comes out of the accumulator; one `runFixedSteps` runs leaves the\n    // accumulator as it was (design/simulation.md#the-fixed-step).\n    #runFixedStep(options : { fromAccumulator : boolean }) : void\n    {\n        // An entity already despawned by an earlier one's update this step never starts its own; an entity that\n        // despawns itself partway through its own update stops there too, in GameEntity.update\n        // (design/entities.md#destruction).\n        for(const entity of [ ...this.#entries ])\n        {\n            if(this.#byID.get(entity.id) === entity)\n            {\n                entity.update(this.#fixedStepDuration);\n            }\n        }\n\n        this.advanceFixedStep(this.#fixedStepDuration);\n\n        // The step ran, so the tick and the accumulator settle whether or not the drain raised.\n        try\n        {\n            this.#bus.drain();\n        }\n        finally\n        {\n            if(options.fromAccumulator)\n            {\n                this.#accumulator -= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n\n                if(Math.abs(this.#accumulator) <= fixedStepTolerance * this.#fixedStepDuration)\n                {\n                    this.#accumulator = 0;\n                }\n            }\n\n            this.#tick += 1;\n        }\n    }\n\n    #childrenOf(parentID : string) : GameEntity[]\n    {\n        const children : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            if((entity.state as StateBag)['parentID'] === parentID)\n            {\n                children.push(entity);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return children;\n    }\n\n    #mintID() : string\n    {\n        if(this.#allocator !== undefined)\n        {\n            return this.#allocator();\n        }\n\n        this.#idCounter += 1;\n\n        while(this.#idIsSpent(`${ this.#id }-${ this.#idCounter }`))\n        {\n            this.#idCounter += 1;\n        }\n\n        return `${ this.#id }-${ this.#idCounter }`;\n    }\n\n    // A despawned ID is spent and never minted again (design/entities.md#ids).\n    #idIsSpent(candidate : string) : boolean\n    {\n        return this.#byID.has(candidate) || this.#retiredIDs.has(candidate);\n    }\n\n    // This simulation is the context its entities are created with. The cast is unchecked: TypeScript accepts a\n    // subclass naming a narrower Context whether or not the subclass provides it; only a subclass that also writes\n    // its own `implements Context` is checked against the shape it named.\n    #context() : Context\n    {\n        return this as unknown as Context;\n    }\n\n    #entityClass(name : string) : GameEntityClass<Context>\n    {\n        const entityClass = this.#entityClasses[name];\n\n        if(entityClass === undefined)\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The entity registry holds no class named \"${ name }\".`);\n        }\n\n        return entityClass;\n    }\n\n    // Every entity carries the tags field whatever its behaviors declare, so the query reads it straight.\n    static #entityState(entity : GameEntity) : GameEntityState\n    {\n        return entity.state as GameEntityState;\n    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+{"version":3,"file":"sage-core.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/computedState.ts","../src/behavior.ts","../src/namedBehavior.ts","../src/stateMachineBehavior.ts","../src/constants.ts","../src/events.ts","../src/eventBus.ts","../src/gameEntity.ts","../src/gameRandom.ts","../src/simulationBus.ts","../src/simulation.ts"],"sourcesContent":["//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Computed State\n//\n// A field can carry more than one computation, so what each one replaced is remembered rather than assumed to have\n// been a plain value (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n/** What a computed field is read and written through (design/entities.md#computed-state). */\nexport interface Computation<Value>\n{\n    get : () => Value;\n    set : (value : Value) => void;\n}\n\ninterface Replaced\n{\n    field : string;\n    beneath : PropertyDescriptor;\n}\n\nconst replaced = new WeakMap<object, Replaced[]>();\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nfunction replacedOn(state : object) : Replaced[]\n{\n    let entries = replaced.get(state);\n\n    if(entries === undefined)\n    {\n        entries = [];\n        replaced.set(state, entries);\n    }\n\n    return entries;\n}\n\nexport function defineComputed<Value>(state : object, field : string, computation : Computation<Value>) : void\n{\n    let beneath = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(state, field);\n\n    if(beneath === undefined)\n    {\n        beneath = { value: undefined, writable: true, enumerable: true, configurable: true };\n    }\n\n    replacedOn(state).push({ field, beneath });\n\n    Object.defineProperty(state, field, {\n        get: computation.get,\n        set: computation.set,\n        enumerable: true,\n        configurable: true,\n    });\n}\n\n// A computation may answer with a live view of what it computes from, so what a removal leaves behind is copied\n// out of the answer rather than kept (design/entities.md#computed-state). Records carry no prototype, the way\n// every other record in a state bag does.\nfunction plainValue(value : unknown) : unknown\n{\n    if(Array.isArray(value))\n    {\n        const items : unknown[] = [];\n\n        for(const item of value)\n        {\n            items.push(plainValue(item));\n        }\n\n        return items;\n    }\n\n    if(typeof value === 'object' && value !== null)\n    {\n        const copy = Object.create(null) as Record<string, unknown>;\n\n        for(const [ key, field ] of Object.entries(value))\n        {\n            copy[key] = plainValue(field);\n        }\n\n        return copy;\n    }\n\n    return value;\n}\n\n/**\n * Take every computation off a state bag, newest first, so a computation over a computation leaves the one beneath\n * it answering and the field ends as the plain value the last one answered with.\n */\nexport function removeComputed(state : object) : void\n{\n    const entries = replaced.get(state);\n\n    if(entries === undefined)\n    {\n        return;\n    }\n\n    for(let index = entries.length - 1; index >= 0; index--)\n    {\n        const entry = entries[index];\n        const answered = plainValue((state as Record<string, unknown>)[entry.field]);\n\n        if('value' in entry.beneath)\n        {\n            Object.defineProperty(state, entry.field, {\n                value: answered,\n                writable: true,\n                enumerable: true,\n                configurable: true,\n            });\n        }\n        else\n        {\n            Object.defineProperty(state, entry.field, entry.beneath);\n        }\n    }\n\n    entries.length = 0;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Behavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { type Computation, defineComputed } from './computedState.ts';\n\nimport type { EventSubscription, GameEvent } from './events.ts';\nimport type { GameEntity } from './gameEntity.ts';\nimport type { GameSimulationView } from './simulation.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// The simulation an entity of this kind is created with: a `NodeEntity`'s behavior reads a `NodeSimulationContext`\n// through `this.simulation`, and every other behavior reads the plain view\n// (design/behaviors.md#inside-a-behavior).\nexport type SimulationFor<Entity extends GameEntity> = Entity extends GameEntity<infer Context>\n    ? Context\n    : GameSimulationView;\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport abstract class Behavior<\n    State extends object,\n    Requires extends object = object,\n    Entity extends GameEntity = GameEntity,\n>\n{\n    declare readonly state : State;\n    declare readonly ops : Requires;\n    declare readonly entity : Entity;\n\n    // The simulation the entity was created with. `GameEntity` puts it on beside `entity`, and it is protected\n    // because the raw bus behind it emits as anyone (design/entities.md#cross-entity-access).\n    protected declare readonly simulation : SimulationFor<Entity>;\n\n    abstract readonly defaults : State;\n\n    onStateReady?() : void;\n    onCreate?() : void;\n    onUpdate?(dt : number) : void;\n    onEvent?(event : GameEvent) : boolean | undefined;\n\n    // Reading the field asks `get` and writing it tells `set`, from here until the entity is destroyed\n    // (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n    protected computed<Field extends keyof State & string>(\n        field : Field,\n        computation : Computation<State[Field]>\n    ) : void\n    {\n        defineComputed(this.state, field, computation);\n    }\n}\n\nexport interface BehaviorClass\n{\n    new () : Behavior<object, object>;\n    readonly ops ?: readonly PropertyKey[];\n    readonly events ?: readonly EventSubscription[];\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// NamedBehavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { Behavior } from './behavior.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface NamedState\n{\n    displayName : string;\n}\n\nexport class NamedBehavior extends Behavior<NamedState>\n{\n    readonly defaults : NamedState = { displayName: '' };\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// StateMachineBehavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { Behavior } from './behavior.ts';\n\nimport type { GameEntity } from './gameEntity.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface StateDefinition<Machine, States extends string>\n{\n    enter ?(this : Machine, from : States) : void;\n    exit ?(this : Machine, to : States) : void;\n    update ?(this : Machine, dt : number) : void;\n}\n\n// A subclass assigns `states` from this call, passing its own `this`, so the object literal gets a contextual type\n// and every enter, exit, and update inside it sees `this.state` and its own parameter typed. The two plainer forms\n// both fail: a method returning the table cannot name `this` in its own return type without TS7022, and a field\n// annotated by hand repeats the union of state names that `currentState` already declares.\nexport function defineStates<Machine, States extends string>(\n    _machine : Machine,\n    states : Record<States, StateDefinition<Machine, States>>\n) : Record<States, StateDefinition<Machine, States>>\n{\n    return states;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport abstract class StateMachineBehavior<\n    OwnState extends { currentState : string },\n    Requires extends object = object,\n    Entity extends GameEntity = GameEntity,\n> extends Behavior<OwnState, Requires, Entity>\n{\n    static readonly ops = [ 'transitionTo' ] as const;\n\n    abstract readonly states : Record<OwnState['currentState'], StateDefinition<this, OwnState['currentState']>>;\n\n    onUpdate(dt : number) : void\n    {\n        // `this.state.currentState` widens to `string` as an index expression on its own -- naming its type here\n        // is what keeps it narrowed to `OwnState['currentState']`, which `states` is actually keyed by.\n        const current : OwnState['currentState'] = this.state.currentState;\n\n        if(!Object.hasOwn(this.states, current))\n        {\n            throw new Error(\n                `StateMachineBehavior on entity \"${ this.entity.id }\": currentState is \"${ current }\", `\n                + 'which states does not declare.'\n            );\n        }\n\n        this.states[current].update?.call(this, dt);\n    }\n\n    transitionTo(to : OwnState['currentState']) : void\n    {\n        if(!Object.hasOwn(this.states, to))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`StateMachineBehavior: no state named \"${ to }\" is declared.`);\n        }\n\n        if(to === this.state.currentState)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const from : OwnState['currentState'] = this.state.currentState;\n\n        this.states[from].exit?.call(this, to);\n        this.state.currentState = to;\n        this.states[to].enter?.call(this, from);\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Tuning Constants\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport const operationCallDepthLimit = 32;\n\nexport const drainPassLimit = 64;\n\nexport const dilationLimit = 5;\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Events\n//\n// `EventMap` is declared in the package root because a `declare module` augmentation only merges into the module that\n// declares the interface, and the root is the only module a consumer can address.\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport type { EventMap } from './index.ts';\n\nexport type { EventMap };\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type GameEvent = {\n    [Type in keyof EventMap & string] : {\n        type : Type;\n        senderID : string;\n        targetID ?: string;\n        payload : EventMap[Type];\n    }\n}[keyof EventMap & string];\n\ntype EventPrefix<Type extends string> = Type extends `${ infer Prefix }:${ infer Rest }`\n    ? Prefix | `${ Prefix }:${ EventPrefix<Rest> }`\n    : never;\n\nexport type EventSubscription = (keyof EventMap & string) | `${ EventPrefix<keyof EventMap & string> }:*`;\n\n// The events a subscription hears: the one type it names, or every type under the prefix a pattern names.\nexport type EventsMatching<Subscription extends EventSubscription> = Subscription extends `${ infer Prefix }:*`\n    ? Extract<GameEvent, { type : `${ Prefix }:${ string }` }>\n    : Extract<GameEvent, { type : Subscription }>;\n\nexport type Unsubscribe = () => void;\n\nexport interface Subscriber\n{\n    readonly id : string;\n    receive(event : GameEvent) : boolean;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// The empty map boundary\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// Until a game augments `EventMap`, it holds nothing, `GameEvent` is `never` everywhere inside this package, and no\n// event value can be built against it. `RawGameEvent` is the shape an event has whatever the map holds, and it is the\n// only place core steps outside the typed vocabulary: it stays internal, and every public signature keeps `GameEvent`.\nexport interface RawGameEvent\n{\n    type : string;\n    senderID : string;\n    targetID ?: string;\n    payload : unknown;\n}\n\n// A pattern spans every remaining segment, so `door:*` matches `door:opened` and `door:lock:opened` alike.\nexport function compileEventPattern(subscription : string) : RegExp\n{\n    const escaped = subscription\n        .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\$&')\n        .replace(/\\\\\\*/g, '.*');\n\n    return new RegExp(`^${ escaped }$`);\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Event Bus\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { drainPassLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport {\n    type EventSubscription, type EventsMatching, type GameEvent, type RawGameEvent, type Subscriber,\n    type Unsubscribe, compileEventPattern,\n} from './events.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type EventCallback<Subscription extends EventSubscription = EventSubscription>\n    = (event : EventsMatching<Subscription>) => void;\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ninterface PatternSubscription\n{\n    pattern : RegExp;\n    subscriber : Subscriber;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport class EventBus\n{\n    #queue : RawGameEvent[] = [];\n    #patterns : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n    readonly #subscribers = new Map<string, Subscriber>();\n    readonly #exact = new Map<string, Subscriber[]>();\n\n    #mintedSubscribers = 0;\n\n    register(subscriber : Subscriber, subscriptions : readonly EventSubscription[]) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        if(this.#subscribers.has(subscriber.id))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`A subscriber is already registered under the ID \"${ subscriber.id }\".`);\n        }\n\n        this.#subscribers.set(subscriber.id, subscriber);\n\n        const exactNames : string[] = [];\n        const patternEntries : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n        for(const subscription of subscriptions)\n        {\n            const name : string = subscription;\n\n            if(name.endsWith(':*'))\n            {\n                const entry = { pattern: compileEventPattern(name), subscriber };\n                patternEntries.push(entry);\n                this.#patterns.push(entry);\n            }\n            else if(!exactNames.includes(name))\n            {\n                exactNames.push(name);\n                this.#addExact(name, subscriber);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return this.#teardown(subscriber, exactNames, patternEntries);\n    }\n\n    // Anything that is not an entity subscribes this way. The bus mints the subscriber ID, and what the callback\n    // answers with is ignored: consuming is an entity's own chain mechanic (design/events.md#registration).\n    on<Subscription extends EventSubscription>(\n        subscription : Subscription,\n        callback : EventCallback<Subscription>\n    ) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        this.#mintedSubscribers += 1;\n\n        const subscriber : Subscriber = {\n            id: this.mintSubscriberID(this.#mintedSubscribers),\n            receive(event : GameEvent) : boolean\n            {\n                callback(event as EventsMatching<Subscription>);\n                return false;\n            },\n        };\n\n        return this.register(subscriber, [ subscription ]);\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * The ID the n-th subscriber `on` makes registers under (design/events.md#registration).\n     */\n    protected mintSubscriberID(ordinal : number) : string\n    {\n        return `subscriber-${ ordinal }`;\n    }\n\n    emit(event : GameEvent) : void\n    {\n        this.#queue.push(event as RawGameEvent);\n    }\n\n    drain() : void\n    {\n        const errors : unknown[] = [];\n        let passes = 0;\n\n        while(this.#queue.length > 0)\n        {\n            passes += 1;\n\n            if(passes > drainPassLimit)\n            {\n                this.#queue = [];\n                errors.push(new Error(`The drain exceeded ${ drainPassLimit } passes.`));\n                break;\n            }\n\n            const pass = this.#queue;\n            this.#queue = [];\n\n            for(const event of pass)\n            {\n                this.#deliver(event, errors);\n            }\n        }\n\n        if(errors.length > 0)\n        {\n            throw new AggregateError(errors, 'The drain raised.');\n        }\n    }\n\n    // What a simulation's bus hands over when the simulation attaches to the engine's, in emission order.\n    protected takeQueuedEvents() : GameEvent[]\n    {\n        const queued = this.#queue;\n        this.#queue = [];\n\n        return queued as GameEvent[];\n    }\n\n    // What a simulation's bus hands back to itself on detach: whichever of its own emissions the given bus has not\n    // yet drained, in their original relative order, pulled out of that bus's queue rather than everyone's queued\n    // events (design/events.md#one-bus-per-engine).\n    protected static reclaimQueuedEvents(bus : EventBus, events : readonly RawGameEvent[]) : GameEvent[]\n    {\n        const reclaimed : RawGameEvent[] = [];\n        const remaining : RawGameEvent[] = [];\n\n        for(const event of bus.#queue)\n        {\n            if(events.includes(event))\n            {\n                reclaimed.push(event);\n            }\n            else\n            {\n                remaining.push(event);\n            }\n        }\n\n        bus.#queue = remaining;\n\n        return reclaimed as GameEvent[];\n    }\n\n    #addExact(name : string, subscriber : Subscriber) : void\n    {\n        const subscribers = this.#exact.get(name) ?? [];\n        subscribers.push(subscriber);\n        this.#exact.set(name, subscribers);\n    }\n\n    #removeExact(name : string, subscriber : Subscriber) : void\n    {\n        const subscribers = this.#exact.get(name);\n\n        if(subscribers === undefined)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const index = subscribers.indexOf(subscriber);\n\n        if(index >= 0)\n        {\n            subscribers.splice(index, 1);\n        }\n\n        if(subscribers.length === 0)\n        {\n            this.#exact.delete(name);\n        }\n    }\n\n    // A teardown is idempotent, and it evicts the subscriber under its ID only while that is still the registration it\n    // was handed out for; a later registration that took the same ID survives a stale teardown.\n    #teardown(\n        subscriber : Subscriber,\n        exactNames : readonly string[],\n        patternEntries : readonly PatternSubscription[]\n    ) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        let active = true;\n\n        return () : void =>\n        {\n            if(!active)\n            {\n                return;\n            }\n\n            active = false;\n\n            if(this.#subscribers.get(subscriber.id) === subscriber)\n            {\n                this.#subscribers.delete(subscriber.id);\n            }\n\n            for(const name of exactNames)\n            {\n                this.#removeExact(name, subscriber);\n            }\n\n            const remaining : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n            for(const entry of this.#patterns)\n            {\n                if(!patternEntries.includes(entry))\n                {\n                    remaining.push(entry);\n                }\n            }\n\n            this.#patterns = remaining;\n        };\n    }\n\n    #deliver(event : RawGameEvent, errors : unknown[]) : void\n    {\n        if(event.targetID !== undefined)\n        {\n            const addressed = this.#subscribers.get(event.targetID);\n\n            if(addressed !== undefined)\n            {\n                EventBus.#handOff(addressed, event, errors);\n            }\n\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const delivered = new Set<Subscriber>();\n\n        for(const subscriber of [ ...this.#exact.get(event.type) ?? [] ])\n        {\n            EventBus.#handOffOnce(subscriber, event, delivered, errors);\n        }\n\n        for(const entry of [ ...this.#patterns ])\n        {\n            if(entry.pattern.test(event.type))\n            {\n                EventBus.#handOffOnce(entry.subscriber, event, delivered, errors);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    static #handOffOnce(\n        subscriber : Subscriber,\n        event : RawGameEvent,\n        delivered : Set<Subscriber>,\n        errors : unknown[]\n    ) : void\n    {\n        if(delivered.has(subscriber))\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        delivered.add(subscriber);\n        EventBus.#handOff(subscriber, event, errors);\n    }\n\n    static #handOff(subscriber : Subscriber, event : RawGameEvent, errors : unknown[]) : void\n    {\n        try\n        {\n            subscriber.receive(event as GameEvent);\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            errors.push(error);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// GameEntity\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { type Computation, defineComputed, removeComputed } from './computedState.ts';\nimport { operationCallDepthLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport {\n    type EventMap, type EventSubscription, type GameEvent, type RawGameEvent, type Subscriber, type Unsubscribe,\n    compileEventPattern,\n} from './events.ts';\n\nimport type { Behavior, BehaviorClass } from './behavior.ts';\nimport type { GameSimulationView } from './simulation.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// State\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type StateValue = null | boolean | number | string | StateValue[] | { [key : string] : StateValue };\n\nexport type StateBag = Record<string, StateValue>;\n\nexport type DeepReadonly<Value> = Value extends (infer Item)[]\n    ? readonly DeepReadonly<Item>[]\n    : Value extends object\n        ? { readonly [Key in keyof Value] : DeepReadonly<Value[Key]> }\n        : Value;\n\nexport interface GameEntityState\n{\n    tags : string[];\n}\n\nfunction rejectStateValue(id : string, path : string) : never\n{\n    throw new TypeError(\n        `Entity \"${ id }\" state holds a value that is not finite JSON-compatible data at \"${ path }\".`\n    );\n}\n\n// Copies and checks in one walk, so every path that hands state around -- creation, restoration, snapshot --\n// rejects the same values (design/entities.md#state). Records are copied with no prototype, so a state field\n// named `__proto__` stays an ordinary field of the copy.\nfunction copyStateValue(value : unknown, id : string, path : string, seen : Set<object>) : StateValue\n{\n    if(value === null || typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'boolean')\n    {\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    if(typeof value === 'number')\n    {\n        if(!Number.isFinite(value))\n        {\n            rejectStateValue(id, path);\n        }\n\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    if(Array.isArray(value))\n    {\n        if(seen.has(value))\n        {\n            rejectStateValue(id, path);\n        }\n\n        seen.add(value);\n\n        const items : StateValue[] = [];\n\n        for(const [ index, item ] of value.entries())\n        {\n            items.push(copyStateValue(item, id, `${ path }[${ index }]`, seen));\n        }\n\n        seen.delete(value);\n\n        return items;\n    }\n\n    if(typeof value === 'object')\n    {\n        const prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(value) as unknown;\n\n        if((prototype !== Object.prototype && prototype !== null) || seen.has(value))\n        {\n            rejectStateValue(id, path);\n        }\n\n        seen.add(value);\n\n        const copy = Object.create(null) as StateBag;\n\n        for(const [ key, field ] of Object.entries(value))\n        {\n            let fieldPath = `${ path }.${ key }`;\n\n            if(path === '')\n            {\n                fieldPath = key;\n            }\n\n            copy[key] = copyStateValue(field, id, fieldPath, seen);\n        }\n\n        seen.delete(value);\n\n        return copy;\n    }\n\n    return rejectStateValue(id, path);\n}\n\nexport function copyStateBag(bag : Readonly<StateBag>, id : string) : StateBag\n{\n    return copyStateValue(bag, id, '', new Set<object>()) as StateBag;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Composition\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ntype UnionToIntersection<Union>\n    = (Union extends unknown ? (value : Union) => void : never) extends (value : infer Intersection) => void\n        ? Intersection\n        : never;\n\ntype StateOf<Class> = Class extends new () => { state : infer State } ? State : never;\n\ntype OperationNames<Class> = Class extends { ops : readonly (infer Name)[] } ? Name & PropertyKey : never;\n\ntype OpsFrom<Class> = Class extends BehaviorClass\n    ? Pick<InstanceType<Class>, OperationNames<Class> & keyof InstanceType<Class>>\n    : never;\n\ntype RequiresOf<Class> = Class extends new () => { ops : infer Requires } ? Requires : never;\n\nexport type StateFor<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]>\n    = GameEntityState & UnionToIntersection<StateOf<Behaviors[number]>> & object;\n\nexport type OpsFor<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]>\n    = UnionToIntersection<OpsFrom<Behaviors[number]>> & object;\n\nexport type OpsOf<Class extends BehaviorClass> = OpsFrom<Class>;\n\nexport type StateSliceOf<Class extends BehaviorClass> = StateOf<Class>;\n\ntype EntityOf<Class> = Class extends new () => { entity : infer Entity } ? Entity : GameEntity;\n\ninterface Unsatisfied<Missing> { 'ERROR: a behavior requires operations the entity does not provide' : Missing }\ninterface DuplicateOperation<Name> { 'ERROR: two behaviors expose the same operation name' : Name }\ninterface IncompatibleState<Name> { 'ERROR: two behaviors declare one state field with incompatible types' : Name }\ninterface WrongEntity<Class> { 'ERROR: a behavior attaches to an entity of another class' : Class }\n\ntype ValidateEntity<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[], Entity> = {\n    [Index in keyof Behaviors] : Entity extends EntityOf<Behaviors[Index]>\n        ? Behaviors[Index]\n        : WrongEntity<Behaviors[Index]>\n};\n\ntype ValidateRequires<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]> = {\n    [Index in keyof Behaviors] : OpsFor<Behaviors> extends RequiresOf<Behaviors[Index]>\n        ? Behaviors[Index]\n        : Unsatisfied<Exclude<keyof RequiresOf<Behaviors[Index]>, keyof OpsFor<Behaviors>>>\n};\n\ntype DuplicateNames<Behaviors extends readonly unknown[], Seen extends PropertyKey = never>\n    = Behaviors extends readonly [ infer Head, ...infer Tail ]\n        ? [Extract<OperationNames<Head>, Seen>] extends [never]\n            ? DuplicateNames<Tail, Seen | OperationNames<Head>>\n            : Extract<OperationNames<Head>, Seen> | DuplicateNames<Tail, Seen | OperationNames<Head>>\n        : never;\n\ntype IncompatibleKeys<First, Second> = {\n    [Key in keyof First & keyof Second] : [First[Key]] extends [Second[Key]]\n        ? [Second[Key]] extends [First[Key]]\n            ? never\n            : Key\n        : Key;\n}[keyof First & keyof Second];\n\ntype IncompatibleStateKeys<\n    Behaviors extends readonly unknown[],\n    SeenState extends object = object,\n> = Behaviors extends readonly [ infer Head, ...infer Tail ]\n    ? IncompatibleKeys<SeenState, StateOf<Head>> | IncompatibleStateKeys<Tail, SeenState & StateOf<Head>>\n    : never;\n\nexport type ValidTuple<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[], Entity = GameEntity>\n    = [DuplicateNames<Behaviors>] extends [never]\n        ? [IncompatibleStateKeys<Behaviors>] extends [never]\n            ? Behaviors extends ValidateRequires<Behaviors>\n                ? Behaviors extends ValidateEntity<Behaviors, Entity>\n                    ? Behaviors\n                    : ValidateEntity<Behaviors, Entity>\n                : ValidateRequires<Behaviors>\n            : readonly IncompatibleState<IncompatibleStateKeys<Behaviors>>[]\n        : readonly DuplicateOperation<DuplicateNames<Behaviors>>[];\n\nexport interface GameEntityType\n{\n    readonly behaviors : readonly BehaviorClass[];\n    readonly prototype : GameEntity;\n}\n\n// An entity class as an entity registry holds it: the construction signature is a function-typed property rather than a\n// method, so a subclass narrowing the context it constructs with is checked wherever the class is handed around as\n// a type, the entity registry included (design/entities.md#the-entity-registry).\nexport interface GameEntityClass<Context extends GameSimulationView = GameSimulationView> extends GameEntityType\n{\n    readonly create : (id : string, context : Context, state ?: object, name ?: string) => GameEntity;\n    readonly restore : (id : string, context : Context, state : GameEntityState, name ?: string) => GameEntity;\n}\n\n// An entity's own state is deep read-only; the one writable view of a slice is the behavior's own `this.state`\n// (design/entities.md#cross-entity-access).\nexport type ComposedOf<Type extends GameEntityType> = Type['prototype'] & {\n    readonly state : DeepReadonly<StateFor<Type['behaviors']>>;\n    readonly ops : OpsFor<Type['behaviors']>;\n};\n\nexport type NarrowedTo<Class extends BehaviorClass> = GameEntity & {\n    readonly state : DeepReadonly<StateSliceOf<Class>>;\n    readonly ops : OpsOf<Class>;\n};\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ntype BehaviorInstance = Behavior<object, object>;\n\ntype OperationTable = Record<PropertyKey, unknown>;\n\ntype EntityConstructor = new (\n    id : string,\n    context : GameSimulationView,\n    providedState : object,\n    runCreateHooks : boolean,\n    name ?: string\n) => GameEntity;\n\ninterface BehaviorListener\n{\n    instance : BehaviorInstance;\n    exact : string[];\n    patterns : RegExp[];\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// The entity\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// The context an entity is created with is its type parameter, so a behavior declaring that entity reads the same\n// kind through `this.simulation` (design/behaviors.md#inside-a-behavior).\nexport abstract class GameEntity<Context extends GameSimulationView = GameSimulationView> implements Subscriber\n{\n    readonly id : string;\n    readonly name : string;\n    protected readonly context : Context;\n    readonly state : object;\n    readonly ops : object;\n\n    static readonly behaviors : readonly BehaviorClass[] = [];\n\n    readonly #instances : BehaviorInstance[] = [];\n    readonly #listeners : BehaviorListener[] = [];\n    readonly #unsubscribe : Unsubscribe;\n\n    #operationDepth = 0;\n    #creationEvents : RawGameEvent[] | undefined;\n    #destroyed = false;\n\n    static create<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        this : Type & { behaviors : ValidTuple<Type['behaviors'], Type['prototype']> },\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationView,\n        state ?: Partial<StateFor<Type['behaviors']>>,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        return GameEntity.#construct(this, id, context, state ?? {}, true, name);\n    }\n\n    static restore<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        this : Type & { behaviors : ValidTuple<Type['behaviors'], Type['prototype']> },\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationView,\n        state : StateFor<Type['behaviors']>,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        return GameEntity.#construct(this, id, context, state, false, name);\n    }\n\n    static #construct<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        type : Type,\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationView,\n        state : object,\n        runCreateHooks : boolean,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        const constructable = type as unknown as EntityConstructor;\n\n        return new constructable(id, context, state, runCreateHooks, name) as ComposedOf<Type>;\n    }\n\n    protected constructor(\n        id : string,\n        context : Context,\n        providedState : object,\n        runCreateHooks : boolean,\n        name ?: string\n    )\n    {\n        this.id = id;\n        this.name = name ?? (new.target as typeof GameEntity).name;\n        this.context = context;\n\n        const behaviorClasses = (new.target as typeof GameEntity).behaviors;\n\n        for(const behaviorClass of behaviorClasses)\n        {\n            this.#instances.push(new behaviorClass());\n        }\n\n        this.state = GameEntity.#composeState(this.#instances, providedState, id);\n\n        const ops = Object.create(null) as OperationTable;\n        this.ops = ops;\n\n        const subscriptions : EventSubscription[] = [];\n\n        for(const [ index, behaviorClass ] of behaviorClasses.entries())\n        {\n            const instance = this.#instances[index];\n\n            if(instance !== undefined)\n            {\n                Object.assign(instance, { state: this.state, ops, entity: this, simulation: context });\n                this.#bindOperations(instance, behaviorClass, ops);\n                this.#bindEvents(instance, behaviorClass, subscriptions);\n            }\n        }\n\n        // A field the entity class computes itself goes on before any behavior's onStateReady, so a behavior\n        // computing the same field lands over it rather than under it (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n        // This runs inside the base constructor: a subclass's own fields and private methods do not exist yet, so\n        // an override reaches this.state and nothing else of its own.\n        this.declareComputedState(providedState);\n\n        // Every behavior reaches its own state here, before a creation hook or a step could read it, and a restored\n        // entity runs these exactly as a created one does (design/behaviors.md#hooks).\n        for(const instance of this.#instances)\n        {\n            instance.onStateReady?.();\n        }\n\n        this.#unsubscribe = context.bus.register(this, subscriptions);\n\n        if(runCreateHooks)\n        {\n            this.#runCreateHooks();\n        }\n    }\n\n    hasBehavior<Class extends BehaviorClass>(behaviorClass : Class) : this is NarrowedTo<Class>\n    {\n        for(const instance of this.#instances)\n        {\n            if(instance instanceof behaviorClass)\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    getEntity(id : string) : GameEntity | undefined\n    {\n        return this.context.getEntity(id);\n    }\n\n    emit<Type extends keyof EventMap & string>(type : Type, payload : EventMap[Type], targetID ?: string) : void\n    {\n        const event : RawGameEvent = { type, senderID: this.id, targetID, payload };\n\n        if(this.#creationEvents !== undefined)\n        {\n            this.#creationEvents.push(event);\n            return;\n        }\n\n        this.context.bus.emit(event as GameEvent);\n    }\n\n    update(dt : number) : void\n    {\n        for(const instance of this.#instances)\n        {\n            instance.onUpdate?.(dt);\n\n            // A behavior that despawns this entity ends the loop here, so a despawn partway through leaves the\n            // remaining behaviors' onUpdate unrun (design/entities.md#destruction).\n            if(this.#destroyed)\n            {\n                return;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    receive(event : GameEvent) : boolean\n    {\n        const raw = event as RawGameEvent;\n\n        for(const listener of this.#listeners)\n        {\n            if(GameEntity.#matches(listener, raw.type) && listener.instance.onEvent?.(event) === true)\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    destroy() : void\n    {\n        this.#destroyed = true;\n        this.removeComputedState();\n        this.#unsubscribe();\n    }\n\n    // Overridden by an entity class with a field of its own to compute. The state its caller supplied is what\n    // tells a field the spawn asked for from one composition filled in (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n    protected declareComputedState(suppliedState : object) : void\n    {\n        void suppliedState;\n    }\n\n    // Reading the field asks `get` and writing it tells `set`, from here until the entity is destroyed. The\n    // declaring class names its own state, since an entity's `state` is typed by its behaviors rather than by\n    // the fields the class declares beside them (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n    protected computed<OwnState extends object, Field extends keyof OwnState & string>(\n        field : Field,\n        computation : Computation<OwnState[Field]>\n    ) : void\n    {\n        defineComputed(this.state, field, computation);\n    }\n\n    // Called before a subclass runs any teardown of its own, so every getter is asked while whatever answers it\n    // is still there (design/entities.md#computed-state).\n    protected removeComputedState() : void\n    {\n        removeComputed(this.state);\n    }\n\n    // A copy, so an override reads the attachment order without reaching the list the entity dispatches from.\n    protected attachedBehaviors() : readonly BehaviorInstance[]\n    {\n        return [ ...this.#instances ];\n    }\n\n    #bindOperations(instance : BehaviorInstance, behaviorClass : BehaviorClass, ops : OperationTable) : void\n    {\n        for(const name of behaviorClass.ops ?? [])\n        {\n            if(Object.hasOwn(ops, name))\n            {\n                throw new Error(`Two behaviors on entity \"${ this.id }\" expose the operation \"${ String(name) }\".`);\n            }\n\n            const method = (instance as unknown as OperationTable)[name];\n\n            if(typeof method !== 'function')\n            {\n                throw new Error(\n                    `Behavior \"${ behaviorClass.name }\" declares the operation \"${ String(name) }\" `\n                    + 'with no method behind it.'\n                );\n            }\n\n            ops[name] = this.#guardedOperation(name, method as (...args : unknown[]) => unknown, instance);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #bindEvents(\n        instance : BehaviorInstance,\n        behaviorClass : BehaviorClass,\n        subscriptions : EventSubscription[]\n    ) : void\n    {\n        const exact : string[] = [];\n        const patterns : RegExp[] = [];\n\n        for(const subscription of behaviorClass.events ?? [])\n        {\n            const name : string = subscription;\n\n            if(name.endsWith(':*'))\n            {\n                patterns.push(compileEventPattern(name));\n            }\n            else\n            {\n                exact.push(name);\n            }\n\n            if(!subscriptions.includes(subscription))\n            {\n                subscriptions.push(subscription);\n            }\n        }\n\n        if(exact.length > 0 || patterns.length > 0)\n        {\n            this.#listeners.push({ instance, exact, patterns });\n        }\n    }\n\n    #guardedOperation(\n        name : PropertyKey,\n        method : (...args : unknown[]) => unknown,\n        instance : BehaviorInstance\n    ) : (...args : unknown[]) => unknown\n    {\n        return (...args : unknown[]) : unknown =>\n        {\n            this.#operationDepth += 1;\n\n            try\n            {\n                if(this.#operationDepth > operationCallDepthLimit)\n                {\n                    throw new RangeError(\n                        `Operation \"${ String(name) }\" on entity \"${ this.id }\" ran deeper than the operation `\n                        + `call depth limit of ${ operationCallDepthLimit }.`\n                    );\n                }\n\n                return method.apply(instance, args);\n            }\n            finally\n            {\n                this.#operationDepth -= 1;\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    // The hooks emit into a held list rather than onto the queue, so a hook that throws leaves the bus as it found it.\n    #runCreateHooks() : void\n    {\n        this.#creationEvents = [];\n\n        try\n        {\n            for(const instance of this.#instances)\n            {\n                instance.onCreate?.();\n            }\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            this.#creationEvents = undefined;\n            this.#unsubscribe();\n            throw error;\n        }\n\n        const held = this.#creationEvents;\n        this.#creationEvents = undefined;\n\n        for(const event of held)\n        {\n            this.context.bus.emit(event as GameEvent);\n        }\n    }\n\n    // No prototype, so nothing here inherits a toString: String(state) and an untemplated interpolation of it throw\n    // instead of reading \"[object Object]\".\n    static #composeState(instances : readonly BehaviorInstance[], providedState : object, id : string) : StateBag\n    {\n        const state = Object.create(null) as StateBag;\n        state['tags'] = [];\n\n        for(const instance of instances)\n        {\n            Object.assign(state, copyStateBag(instance.defaults as StateBag, id));\n        }\n\n        Object.assign(state, copyStateBag(providedState as StateBag, id));\n        GameEntity.#checkTags(state, id);\n\n        return state;\n    }\n\n    static #checkTags(state : StateBag, id : string) : void\n    {\n        const tags = state['tags'];\n\n        if(!Array.isArray(tags))\n        {\n            throw new TypeError(`Entity \"${ id }\" tags must be a list of strings.`);\n        }\n\n        const seen : string[] = [];\n\n        for(const tag of tags)\n        {\n            if(typeof tag !== 'string')\n            {\n                throw new TypeError(`Entity \"${ id }\" tags must be a list of strings.`);\n            }\n\n            if(seen.includes(tag))\n            {\n                throw new Error(`Entity \"${ id }\" carries the tag \"${ tag }\" more than once.`);\n            }\n\n            seen.push(tag);\n        }\n    }\n\n    static #matches(listener : BehaviorListener, type : string) : boolean\n    {\n        if(listener.exact.includes(type))\n        {\n            return true;\n        }\n\n        for(const pattern of listener.patterns)\n        {\n            if(pattern.test(type))\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// GameRandom\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type RandomSeed = number | string;\n\nexport interface RandomState\n{\n    readonly a : number;\n    readonly b : number;\n    readonly c : number;\n    readonly d : number;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// FNV-1a's offset basis and prime, which hash a string seed to one word (design/simulation.md#the-generator).\nconst hashOffsetBasis = 2166136261;\nconst hashPrime = 16777619;\n\n// splitmix32's three constants, which spread one seed word across the four state words.\nconst splitmixStep = 0x9e3779b9;\nconst splitmixFirstPrime = 0x21f0aaad;\nconst splitmixSecondPrime = 0x735a2d97;\n\nconst wordLimit = 2 ** 32;\n\nfunction toWord(value : number) : number\n{\n    return value >>> 0;\n}\n\nfunction isWord(value : unknown) : boolean\n{\n    if(typeof value !== 'number')\n    {\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    if(!Number.isInteger(value))\n    {\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    return value >= 0 && value < wordLimit;\n}\n\n/**\n * Whether a value is a state a generator takes: four words as `a`, `b`, `c`, and `d`, not all zero\n * (design/simulation.md#the-generator).\n */\nexport function isRandomState(value : unknown) : boolean\n{\n    if(typeof value !== 'object' || value === null)\n    {\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    const words = value as Partial<Record<keyof RandomState, unknown>>;\n\n    if(!isWord(words.a) || !isWord(words.b) || !isWord(words.c) || !isWord(words.d))\n    {\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    // Four zeros is the one state xoshiro128** never leaves, and no seed reaches it.\n    if(words.a === 0 && words.b === 0 && words.c === 0 && words.d === 0)\n    {\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    return true;\n}\n\nfunction multiply(left : number, right : number) : number\n{\n    return toWord(Math.imul(left, right));\n}\n\nfunction rotateLeft(word : number, bits : number) : number\n{\n    return toWord((word << bits) | (word >>> (32 - bits)));\n}\n\nfunction hashString(text : string) : number\n{\n    let hash = toWord(hashOffsetBasis);\n\n    for(let index = 0; index < text.length; index++)\n    {\n        hash = toWord(hash ^ text.charCodeAt(index));\n        hash = multiply(hash, hashPrime);\n    }\n\n    return hash;\n}\n\nfunction seedWord(seed : RandomSeed) : number\n{\n    if(typeof seed === 'string')\n    {\n        return hashString(seed);\n    }\n\n    return toWord(seed);\n}\n\nfunction mix(word : number) : number\n{\n    let mixed = word;\n\n    mixed = toWord(mixed ^ (mixed >>> 16));\n    mixed = multiply(mixed, splitmixFirstPrime);\n    mixed = toWord(mixed ^ (mixed >>> 15));\n    mixed = multiply(mixed, splitmixSecondPrime);\n    mixed = toWord(mixed ^ (mixed >>> 15));\n\n    return mixed;\n}\n\nfunction spread(word : number) : RandomState\n{\n    const first = toWord(word + splitmixStep);\n    const second = toWord(first + splitmixStep);\n    const third = toWord(second + splitmixStep);\n    const fourth = toWord(third + splitmixStep);\n\n    return { a: mix(first), b: mix(second), c: mix(third), d: mix(fourth) };\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n/**\n * The seeded generator, running xoshiro128** over four 32-bit words (design/simulation.md#random-numbers).\n */\nexport class GameRandom\n{\n    readonly seed : number;\n\n    #a : number;\n    #b : number;\n    #c : number;\n    #d : number;\n\n    constructor(seed ?: RandomSeed)\n    {\n        let chosen = seed;\n\n        if(chosen === undefined)\n        {\n            // A generator built with no seed is the one sequence SAGE does not repeat, and this is the one clock\n            // SAGE's own code reads (design/simulation.md#the-generator).\n            chosen = Date.now();\n        }\n\n        this.seed = seedWord(chosen);\n\n        const words = spread(this.seed);\n\n        this.#a = words.a;\n        this.#b = words.b;\n        this.#c = words.c;\n        this.#d = words.d;\n    }\n\n    get state() : RandomState\n    {\n        return { a: this.#a, b: this.#b, c: this.#c, d: this.#d };\n    }\n\n    set state(value : RandomState)\n    {\n        if(!isRandomState(value))\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(\n                'A GameRandom state is four whole numbers from 0 to 2^32 - 1 as a, b, c, and d, not all zero.'\n            );\n        }\n\n        this.#a = value.a;\n        this.#b = value.b;\n        this.#c = value.c;\n        this.#d = value.d;\n    }\n\n    nextInt() : number\n    {\n        const result = multiply(rotateLeft(multiply(this.#b, 5), 7), 9);\n        const shifted = toWord(this.#b << 9);\n\n        this.#c = toWord(this.#c ^ this.#a);\n        this.#d = toWord(this.#d ^ this.#b);\n        this.#b = toWord(this.#b ^ this.#c);\n        this.#a = toWord(this.#a ^ this.#d);\n        this.#c = toWord(this.#c ^ shifted);\n        this.#d = rotateLeft(this.#d, 11);\n\n        return result;\n    }\n\n    nextFloat() : number\n    {\n        return this.nextInt() / wordLimit;\n    }\n\n    between(min : number, max : number) : number\n    {\n        if(max < min)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(`A max of ${ max } is below its min of ${ min }.`);\n        }\n\n        return min + (this.nextFloat() * (max - min));\n    }\n\n    wholeBetween(min : number, max : number) : number\n    {\n        if(max < min)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(`A max of ${ max } is below its min of ${ min }.`);\n        }\n\n        return min + Math.floor(this.nextFloat() * (max - min + 1));\n    }\n\n    chance(probability : number) : boolean\n    {\n        if(probability < 0 || probability > 1)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(`A probability of ${ probability } is outside [0, 1].`);\n        }\n\n        return this.nextFloat() < probability;\n    }\n\n    normal(mean = 0, deviation = 1) : number\n    {\n        if(deviation < 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(`A deviation of ${ deviation } is negative.`);\n        }\n\n        // Box-Muller. The first draw is taken as 1 - nextFloat() so the logarithm never meets zero\n        // (design/simulation.md#drawing).\n        const first = 1 - this.nextFloat();\n        const second = this.nextFloat();\n\n        return mean + (deviation * Math.sqrt(-2 * Math.log(first)) * Math.cos(2 * Math.PI * second));\n    }\n\n    pick<Item>(items : readonly Item[]) : Item\n    {\n        if(items.length === 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError('Cannot pick from an empty items array.');\n        }\n\n        return items[this.wholeBetween(0, items.length - 1)];\n    }\n\n    shuffle<Item>(items : readonly Item[]) : Item[]\n    {\n        const shuffled = [ ...items ];\n\n        for(let index = shuffled.length - 1; index > 0; index--)\n        {\n            const swap = this.wholeBetween(0, index);\n            const held = shuffled[index];\n\n            shuffled[index] = shuffled[swap];\n            shuffled[swap] = held;\n        }\n\n        return shuffled;\n    }\n\n    fork() : GameRandom\n    {\n        return new GameRandom(this.nextInt());\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// SimulationBus\n//\n// The bus a simulation's entities see. Detached, it is an ordinary bus of its own; attached, everything it is asked\n// goes to the engine's bus instead, and what it held moves across (design/events.md#one-bus-per-engine).\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { EventBus } from './eventBus.ts';\n\nimport type { EventSubscription, GameEvent, RawGameEvent, Subscriber, Unsubscribe } from './events.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ninterface Registration\n{\n    subscriber : Subscriber;\n    subscriptions : readonly EventSubscription[];\n    teardown : Unsubscribe;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport class SimulationBus extends EventBus\n{\n    readonly #name : string;\n    readonly #engineBus : EventBus | undefined;\n    readonly #registrations : Registration[] = [];\n\n    #attachedAs : Unsubscribe | undefined;\n    #forwarded : RawGameEvent[] = [];\n\n    constructor(name : string, engineBus : EventBus | undefined)\n    {\n        super();\n\n        this.#name = name;\n        this.#engineBus = engineBus;\n    }\n\n    get attached() : boolean\n    {\n        return this.#attachedAs !== undefined;\n    }\n\n    // A subscriber made here reaches the engine bus beside the engine's own, so its ID carries the simulation's\n    // name the way the simulation's entities' IDs do (design/events.md#registration).\n    protected override mintSubscriberID(ordinal : number) : string\n    {\n        return `${ this.#name }-subscriber-${ ordinal }`;\n    }\n\n    override register(subscriber : Subscriber, subscriptions : readonly EventSubscription[]) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        const attachedTo = this.#attachedTo();\n\n        let teardown : Unsubscribe;\n\n        if(attachedTo !== undefined)\n        {\n            teardown = attachedTo.register(subscriber, subscriptions);\n        }\n        else\n        {\n            teardown = super.register(subscriber, subscriptions);\n        }\n\n        const registration : Registration = { subscriber, subscriptions, teardown };\n        this.#registrations.push(registration);\n\n        return () : void =>\n        {\n            const index = this.#registrations.indexOf(registration);\n\n            if(index < 0)\n            {\n                return;\n            }\n\n            this.#registrations.splice(index, 1);\n            registration.teardown();\n        };\n    }\n\n    override emit(event : GameEvent) : void\n    {\n        const attachedTo = this.#attachedTo();\n\n        if(attachedTo !== undefined)\n        {\n            // Kept so detach can reclaim it if the engine bus has not drained it yet\n            // (design/events.md#one-bus-per-engine).\n            this.#forwarded.push(event as RawGameEvent);\n            attachedTo.emit(event);\n        }\n        else\n        {\n            super.emit(event);\n        }\n    }\n\n    override drain() : void\n    {\n        const attachedTo = this.#attachedTo();\n\n        if(attachedTo !== undefined)\n        {\n            try\n            {\n                attachedTo.drain();\n            }\n            finally\n            {\n                this.#forwarded = [];\n            }\n        }\n        else\n        {\n            super.drain();\n        }\n    }\n\n    attach() : void\n    {\n        // With no engine bus this already holds every registration and every emission attaching would move, which\n        // is the state attaching produces, so it changes nothing the way attaching an attached simulation does\n        // (design/events.md#one-bus-per-engine).\n        if(this.#engineBus === undefined || this.#attachedAs !== undefined)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        // The simulation registers under its own name first, which is what refuses a second attached simulation\n        // of the same name (design/simulation.md#the-simulations-name).\n        this.#attachedAs = this.#engineBus.register({ id: this.#name, receive: () => false }, []);\n\n        for(const registration of this.#registrations)\n        {\n            registration.teardown();\n            registration.teardown = this.#engineBus.register(registration.subscriber, registration.subscriptions);\n        }\n\n        for(const event of this.takeQueuedEvents())\n        {\n            this.#engineBus.emit(event);\n        }\n    }\n\n    detach() : void\n    {\n        if(this.#attachedAs === undefined)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        for(const registration of this.#registrations)\n        {\n            registration.teardown();\n            registration.teardown = super.register(registration.subscriber, registration.subscriptions);\n        }\n\n        // Detaching reverses attaching in both directions: subscribers move back here, and so does whichever of\n        // this simulation's own emissions the engine bus has not yet drained (design/events.md#one-bus-per-engine).\n        const engineBus = this.#engineBus;\n\n        if(engineBus !== undefined)\n        {\n            for(const event of EventBus.reclaimQueuedEvents(engineBus, this.#forwarded))\n            {\n                super.emit(event);\n            }\n        }\n\n        this.#forwarded = [];\n\n        this.#attachedAs();\n        this.#attachedAs = undefined;\n    }\n\n    #attachedTo() : EventBus | undefined\n    {\n        if(this.#attachedAs === undefined)\n        {\n            return undefined;\n        }\n\n        return this.#engineBus;\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// GameSimulation\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { dilationLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport { GameRandom, type RandomSeed, type RandomState, isRandomState } from './gameRandom.ts';\nimport { SimulationBus } from './simulationBus.ts';\nimport {\n    type ComposedOf, type GameEntity, type GameEntityClass, type GameEntityState, type GameEntityType, type StateBag,\n    type StateFor, type ValidTuple, copyStateBag,\n} from './gameEntity.ts';\n\nimport type { BehaviorClass } from './behavior.ts';\n\nimport type { EventBus } from './eventBus.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface GameEntitySnapshot\n{\n    id : string;\n    name : string;\n    state : StateBag;\n}\n\nexport interface GameSimulationSnapshot\n{\n    id : string;\n    tick : number;\n    idCounter : number;\n    randomState : RandomState;\n    entities : GameEntitySnapshot[];\n}\n\nexport type IDAllocator = () => string;\n\n// The classes a simulation spawns from, each constructable with the context the simulation provides.\nexport type GameEntityRegistry<Context extends GameSimulationView = GameSimulationView>\n    = Readonly<Record<string, GameEntityClass<Context>>>;\n\n// Every class in the registry carries the composition check its own `create` carries, so a composition the\n// compiler refuses is refused at the registry (design/entities.md#the-entity-registry).\nexport type ValidEntityRegistry<Registry extends GameEntityRegistry<never>> = {\n    readonly [Name in keyof Registry] : Registry[Name] & {\n        readonly behaviors : ValidTuple<Registry[Name]['behaviors'], Registry[Name]['prototype']>;\n    };\n};\n\nexport interface GameSimulationOptions<Registry extends GameEntityRegistry<never> = GameEntityRegistry>\n{\n    id : string;\n    fixedStepDuration : number;\n    entityClasses : Registry;\n    allocator ?: IDAllocator;\n    seed ?: RandomSeed;\n    bus ?: EventBus;\n}\n\n// A table typed as any class at all types nothing about a spawn, so its state is the plain bag.\ntype SpawnState<Type extends GameEntityType> = readonly BehaviorClass[] extends Type['behaviors']\n    ? StateBag\n    : Partial<StateFor<Type['behaviors']>>;\n\n// The persistent simulation, built after 0.10.0, takes this name (design/simulation.md#the-simulations-name).\nconst reservedName = 'global';\n\n// How close to a whole interval the accumulator has to be to owe a fixed step, as a fraction of the fixed-step\n// duration. A unit in the last place is proportional to the value it sits in, so an absolute constant is a wide\n// tolerance for a duration in seconds and no tolerance at all for the same rate written in milliseconds\n// (design/simulation.md#the-fixed-step).\nconst fixedStepTolerance = 128 * Number.EPSILON;\n/**\n * A simulation with its entity registry unknown: every member of `GameSimulation` whose type does not name the\n * registry. `GameSimulation` is invariant in its registry, so this is what code takes when it holds a simulation\n * without knowing what it spawns; `spawn` and `buildFromSnapshot` are the two members it lacks. It is also what an\n * entity is created with, and what a behavior reaches as `this.simulation`\n * (design/simulation.md#the-simulation, design/entities.md#cross-entity-access).\n */\nexport interface GameSimulationView\n{\n    readonly id : string;\n    readonly bus : EventBus;\n    readonly attached : boolean;\n    readonly tick : number;\n    readonly entities : readonly GameEntity[];\n    attach() : void;\n    detach() : void;\n    spawnByName(name : string, state ?: StateBag, id ?: string) : GameEntity;\n    despawn(id : string) : boolean;\n    getEntity(id : string) : GameEntity | undefined;\n    getEntitiesByTag(tag : string) : readonly GameEntity[];\n    getEntitiesOfClass<Type extends GameEntityType>(entityClass : Type) : readonly ComposedOf<Type>[];\n    runStepsForElapsedTime(elapsed : number) : void;\n    runFixedSteps(count : number) : void;\n    readonly random : GameRandom;\n    snapshot() : GameSimulationSnapshot;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// The entity registry is typed by the context this simulation provides to `create`: a subclass providing a narrower one\n// names it as `Context` and implements it, which is what lets a class needing that context into its registry\n// (design/entities.md#the-entity-registry).\nexport class GameSimulation<\n    Registry extends GameEntityRegistry<Context> = GameEntityRegistry,\n    Context extends GameSimulationView = GameSimulationView,\n> implements GameSimulationView, GameSimulationView\n{\n    readonly #id : string;\n    readonly #bus : SimulationBus;\n    readonly #engineBus : EventBus | undefined;\n    readonly #fixedStepDuration : number;\n    readonly #entityClasses : Registry;\n    readonly #allocator : IDAllocator | undefined;\n    readonly #seed : RandomSeed;\n    readonly #random : GameRandom;\n\n    #tick = 0;\n    #idCounter = 0;\n    #accumulator = 0;\n    #entries : GameEntity[] = [];\n    #byID = new Map<string, GameEntity>();\n    #retiredIDs = new Set<string>();\n\n    constructor(options : GameSimulationOptions<Registry> & { entityClasses : ValidEntityRegistry<Registry> })\n    {\n        this.#id = options.id;\n        this.#fixedStepDuration = options.fixedStepDuration;\n        this.#entityClasses = options.entityClasses;\n        this.#allocator = options.allocator;\n\n        // A simulation constructed with no seed seeds from its own name, so it rolls the same sequence every run\n        // (design/simulation.md#the-simulations-generator).\n        this.#seed = options.seed ?? options.id;\n        this.#random = new GameRandom(this.#seed);\n\n        this.#engineBus = options.bus;\n        this.#bus = new SimulationBus(options.id, options.bus);\n\n        if(this.#id === reservedName)\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The simulation name \"${ reservedName }\" is reserved for the persistent simulation.`);\n        }\n\n        if(!Number.isFinite(this.#fixedStepDuration) || this.#fixedStepDuration <= 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError('A fixed step duration must be a finite number greater than zero.');\n        }\n    }\n\n    get id() : string\n    {\n        return this.#id;\n    }\n\n    get bus() : EventBus\n    {\n        return this.#bus;\n    }\n\n    get attached() : boolean\n    {\n        return this.#bus.attached;\n    }\n\n    get tick() : number\n    {\n        return this.#tick;\n    }\n\n    get stepFraction() : number\n    {\n        return this.#accumulator / this.#fixedStepDuration;\n    }\n\n    get entities() : readonly GameEntity[]\n    {\n        return [ ...this.#entries ];\n    }\n\n    attach() : void\n    {\n        this.#bus.attach();\n    }\n\n    detach() : void\n    {\n        this.#bus.detach();\n    }\n\n    spawn<Name extends keyof Registry & string>(\n        name : Name,\n        state ?: SpawnState<Registry[Name]>,\n        id ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Registry[Name]>\n    {\n        return this.spawnByName(name, state as StateBag | undefined, id) as ComposedOf<Registry[Name]>;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * The same spawn for a name known only at run time, a marker's or a console's: the registry checks the name here\n     * rather than the compiler at the call (design/simulation.md#spawn-and-despawn).\n     */\n    spawnByName(name : string, state ?: StateBag, id ?: string) : GameEntity\n    {\n        const entityClass = this.#entityClass(name);\n\n        let entityID = id;\n\n        if(entityID === undefined)\n        {\n            entityID = this.#mintID();\n        }\n\n        if(this.#byID.has(entityID))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The simulation already holds an entity under the ID \"${ entityID }\".`);\n        }\n\n        // An ID is unique for the simulation's whole life, so one already despawned never spawns again\n        // (design/entities.md#ids).\n        if(this.#retiredIDs.has(entityID))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The simulation already retired the ID \"${ entityID }\"; an ID is never reused.`);\n        }\n\n        const entity = entityClass.create(entityID, this.#context(), state ?? {}, name);\n\n        this.#entries.push(entity);\n        this.#byID.set(entityID, entity);\n\n        return entity;\n    }\n\n    despawn(id : string) : boolean\n    {\n        return this.#despawn(id, new Set<string>());\n    }\n\n    #despawn(id : string, inFlight : Set<string>) : boolean\n    {\n        const entity = this.#byID.get(id);\n\n        if(entity === undefined)\n        {\n            return false;\n        }\n\n        inFlight.add(id);\n\n        // Children first, each found by the parent ID in its state (design/simulation.md#spawn-and-despawn). A\n        // parent ID is a state field, and writing state notifies nobody, so the children are found by looking rather\n        // than kept in an index that a write would leave stale. A parent ID cycle would otherwise recurse without\n        // end; an ID already in flight is skipped instead, so a cycle despawns each entity once.\n        for(const child of this.#childrenOf(id))\n        {\n            if(!inFlight.has(child.id))\n            {\n                this.#despawn(child.id, inFlight);\n            }\n        }\n\n        entity.destroy();\n\n        this.#entries.splice(this.#entries.indexOf(entity), 1);\n        this.#byID.delete(id);\n        this.#retiredIDs.add(id);\n\n        return true;\n    }\n\n    getEntity(id : string) : GameEntity | undefined\n    {\n        return this.#byID.get(id);\n    }\n\n    getEntitiesByTag(tag : string) : readonly GameEntity[]\n    {\n        const found : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            if(GameSimulation.#entityState(entity).tags.includes(tag))\n            {\n                found.push(entity);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return found;\n    }\n\n    getEntitiesOfClass<Type extends GameEntityType>(entityClass : Type) : readonly ComposedOf<Type>[]\n    {\n        const found : ComposedOf<Type>[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            if(entity instanceof (entityClass as unknown as abstract new () => GameEntity))\n            {\n                found.push(entity as ComposedOf<Type>);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return found;\n    }\n\n    runStepsForElapsedTime(elapsed : number) : void\n    {\n        if(!Number.isFinite(elapsed) || elapsed < 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError('Elapsed time must be a finite number of zero or more.');\n        }\n\n        this.#accumulator += elapsed;\n\n        let steps = 0;\n\n        while(this.#owesAFixedStep() && steps < dilationLimit)\n        {\n            this.#runFixedStep({ fromAccumulator: true });\n            steps += 1;\n        }\n\n        // Chronic overrun degrades into simulation time running slower than wall clock: the whole intervals still owed\n        // are dropped and only the fraction is carried.\n        if(steps === dilationLimit && this.#owesAFixedStep())\n        {\n            this.#accumulator %= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n        }\n    }\n\n    runFixedSteps(count : number) : void\n    {\n        if(!Number.isInteger(count) || count < 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError(`runFixedSteps requires a whole number of steps, 0 or more, got ${ count }.`);\n        }\n\n        for(let step = 0; step < count; step += 1)\n        {\n            this.#runFixedStep({ fromAccumulator: false });\n        }\n    }\n\n    get random() : GameRandom\n    {\n        return this.#random;\n    }\n\n    snapshot() : GameSimulationSnapshot\n    {\n        const entities : GameEntitySnapshot[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            entities.push({\n                id: entity.id,\n                name: entity.name,\n                state: copyStateBag(entity.state as StateBag, entity.id),\n            });\n        }\n\n        return {\n            id: this.#id,\n            tick: this.#tick,\n            idCounter: this.#idCounter,\n            randomState: this.#random.state,\n            entities,\n        };\n    }\n\n    buildFromSnapshot(snapshot : GameSimulationSnapshot) : GameSimulation<Registry, Context>\n    {\n        // A snapshot read back from JSON is typed only by trust: one written before snapshots carried the generator\n        // has none to restore, and a damaged one may carry a state no generator takes.\n        if(!isRandomState(snapshot.randomState))\n        {\n            throw new Error(\n                `The snapshot of \"${ snapshot.id }\" carries no randomState a generator takes, so it cannot be restored.`\n            );\n        }\n\n        const restored = this.buildReplacementSimulation({\n            id: snapshot.id,\n            fixedStepDuration: this.#fixedStepDuration,\n            entityClasses: this.#entityClasses,\n            allocator: this.#allocator,\n            seed: this.#seed,\n            bus: this.#engineBus,\n        });\n\n        // Built on this simulation's seed, the replacement still rolls what the simulation that took the snapshot\n        // would have rolled next (design/simulation.md#the-simulations-generator).\n        restored.#random.state = snapshot.randomState;\n\n        restored.#load(snapshot);\n\n        return restored;\n    }\n\n    protected buildReplacementSimulation(\n        options : GameSimulationOptions<Registry>\n    ) : GameSimulation<Registry, Context>\n    {\n        return new GameSimulation<Registry, Context>(options as GameSimulationOptions<Registry> & {\n            entityClasses : ValidEntityRegistry<Registry>;\n        });\n    }\n\n    #load(snapshot : GameSimulationSnapshot) : void\n    {\n        const entries : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n        try\n        {\n            for(const row of snapshot.entities)\n            {\n                const entityClass = this.#entityClass(row.name);\n                const entity = entityClass.restore(\n                    row.id,\n                    this.#context(),\n                    row.state as GameEntityState & StateBag,\n                    row.name\n                );\n                entries.push(entity);\n            }\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            for(const entity of entries)\n            {\n                entity.destroy();\n            }\n\n            throw error;\n        }\n\n        this.#entries = entries;\n        this.#byID = new Map();\n\n        for(const entity of entries)\n        {\n            this.#byID.set(entity.id, entity);\n        }\n\n        this.#tick = snapshot.tick;\n        this.#idCounter = snapshot.idCounter;\n    }\n\n    // The accumulator holds a sum of binary floating point values, which lands a few units in the last place short of\n    // the interval the caller meant; without the tolerance three calls of a third of a step run no step at all.\n    #owesAFixedStep() : boolean\n    {\n        const tolerance = fixedStepTolerance * this.#fixedStepDuration;\n\n        return this.#accumulator + tolerance >= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Advances whatever else this simulation carries, once per fixed step, after every entity has updated\n     * and before the bus drains.\n     *\n     * `sage-core` carries nothing and does nothing here. A simulation holding a physics engine steps it\n     * from this, so what a behavior told a body during an update takes effect in the step it was told and\n     * what physics reports drains in the step it happened (design/simulation.md#the-fixed-step). It is\n     * synchronous because a fixed step is, and a throw from it leaves the simulation dead exactly as a\n     * throw from an entity's update does (design/simulation.md#failure).\n     *\n     * @param duration - The fixed step's own duration, never a frame's elapsed time.\n     */\n    protected advanceFixedStep(duration : number) : void\n    {\n        void duration;\n    }\n\n    // A step `runStepsForElapsedTime` runs comes out of the accumulator; one `runFixedSteps` runs leaves the\n    // accumulator as it was (design/simulation.md#the-fixed-step).\n    #runFixedStep(options : { fromAccumulator : boolean }) : void\n    {\n        // An entity already despawned by an earlier one's update this step never starts its own; an entity that\n        // despawns itself partway through its own update stops there too, in GameEntity.update\n        // (design/entities.md#destruction).\n        for(const entity of [ ...this.#entries ])\n        {\n            if(this.#byID.get(entity.id) === entity)\n            {\n                entity.update(this.#fixedStepDuration);\n            }\n        }\n\n        this.advanceFixedStep(this.#fixedStepDuration);\n\n        // The step ran, so the tick and the accumulator settle whether or not the drain raised.\n        try\n        {\n            this.#bus.drain();\n        }\n        finally\n        {\n            if(options.fromAccumulator)\n            {\n                this.#accumulator -= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n\n                if(Math.abs(this.#accumulator) <= fixedStepTolerance * this.#fixedStepDuration)\n                {\n                    this.#accumulator = 0;\n                }\n            }\n\n            this.#tick += 1;\n        }\n    }\n\n    #childrenOf(parentID : string) : GameEntity[]\n    {\n        const children : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            if((entity.state as StateBag)['parentID'] === parentID)\n            {\n                children.push(entity);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return children;\n    }\n\n    #mintID() : string\n    {\n        if(this.#allocator !== undefined)\n        {\n            return this.#allocator();\n        }\n\n        this.#idCounter += 1;\n\n        while(this.#idIsSpent(`${ this.#id }-${ this.#idCounter }`))\n        {\n            this.#idCounter += 1;\n        }\n\n        return `${ this.#id }-${ this.#idCounter }`;\n    }\n\n    // A despawned ID is spent and never minted again (design/entities.md#ids).\n    #idIsSpent(candidate : string) : boolean\n    {\n        return this.#byID.has(candidate) || this.#retiredIDs.has(candidate);\n    }\n\n    // This simulation is the context its entities are created with. The cast is unchecked: TypeScript accepts a\n    // subclass naming a narrower Context whether or not the subclass provides it; only a subclass that also writes\n    // its own `implements Context` is checked against the shape it named.\n    #context() : Context\n    {\n        return this as unknown as Context;\n    }\n\n    #entityClass(name : string) : GameEntityClass<Context>\n    {\n        const entityClass = this.#entityClasses[name];\n\n        if(entityClass === undefined)\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The entity registry holds no class named \"${ name }\".`);\n        }\n\n        return entityClass;\n    }\n\n    // Every entity carries the tags field whatever its behaviors declare, so the query reads it straight.\n    static #entityState(entity : GameEntity) : GameEntityState\n    {\n        return entity.state as GameEntityState;\n    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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@skewedaspect/sage-core",
-  "version": "0.11.0",
+  "version": "0.13.0",
   "type": "module",
   "main": "dist/sage-core.js",
   "module": "dist/sage-core.js",