@skewedaspect/sage-core 0.10.0-beta.1 → 0.10.0-beta.2

package/dist/gameEntity.d.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export type DeepReadonly<Value> = Value extends (infer Item)[] ? readonly DeepRe
 export interface GameEntityState {
     tags: string[];
 }
-export declare function copyStateBag(bag: Readonly<StateBag>): StateBag;
+export declare function copyStateBag(bag: Readonly<StateBag>, id: string): StateBag;
 type UnionToIntersection<Union> = (Union extends unknown ? (value: Union) => void : never) extends (value: infer Intersection) => void ? Intersection : never;
 type StateOf<Class> = Class extends new () => {
     state: infer State;

package/dist/index.d.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ export { Behavior } from "./behavior.d.ts";
 export type { BehaviorClass } from "./behavior.d.ts";
 export { NamedBehavior } from "./namedBehavior.d.ts";
 export type { NamedState } from "./namedBehavior.d.ts";
+export { defineStates, StateMachineBehavior } from "./stateMachineBehavior.d.ts";
+export type { StateDefinition } from "./stateMachineBehavior.d.ts";
 export { dilationLimit, drainPassLimit, operationCallDepthLimit } from "./constants.d.ts";
 export type { EventSubscription, GameEvent, Subscriber, Unsubscribe } from "./events.d.ts";
 export { EventBus } from "./eventBus.d.ts";

package/dist/sage-core.js

@@ -1,16 +1,34 @@
 //#region src/behavior.ts
 var e = class {}, t = class extends e {
 	defaults = { displayName: "" };
-}, n = 32, r = 64, i = 5;
+};
+//#endregion
+//#region src/stateMachineBehavior.ts
+function n(e, t) {
+	return t;
+}
+var r = class extends e {
+	static ops = ["transitionTo"];
+	onUpdate(e) {
+		let t = this.state.currentState;
+		this.states[t].update?.call(this, e);
+	}
+	transitionTo(e) {
+		if (!(e in this.states)) throw Error(`StateMachineBehavior: no state named "${e}" is declared.`);
+		if (e === this.state.currentState) return;
+		let t = this.state.currentState;
+		this.states[t].exit?.call(this, e), this.state.currentState = e, this.states[e].enter?.call(this, t);
+	}
+}, i = 32, a = 64, o = 5;
 //#endregion
 //#region src/events.ts
-function a(e) {
+function s(e) {
 	let t = e.replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&").replace(/\\\*/g, ".*");
 	return RegExp(`^${t}$`);
 }
 //#endregion
 //#region src/eventBus.ts
-var o = class e {
+var c = class e {
 	#e = [];
 	#t = [];
 	#n = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
@@ -23,7 +41,7 @@ var o = class e {
 			let t = i;
 			if (t.endsWith(":*")) {
 				let n = {
-					pattern: a(t),
+					pattern: s(t),
 					subscriber: e
 				};
 				r.push(n), this.#t.push(n);
@@ -91,23 +109,31 @@ var o = class e {
 };
 //#endregion
 //#region src/gameEntity.ts
-function s(e) {
+function l(e, t) {
+	throw TypeError(`Entity "${e}" state holds a value that is not finite JSON-compatible data at "${t}".`);
+}
+function u(e, t, n, r) {
+	if (e === null || typeof e == "string" || typeof e == "boolean") return e;
+	if (typeof e == "number") return Number.isFinite(e) || l(t, n), e;
 	if (Array.isArray(e)) {
-		let t = [];
-		for (let n of e) t.push(s(n));
-		return t;
-	}
-	if (typeof e == "object" && e) {
-		let t = Object.create(null);
-		for (let [n, r] of Object.entries(e)) t[n] = s(r);
-		return t;
-	}
-	return e;
+		r.has(e) && l(t, n), r.add(e);
+		let i = [];
+		for (let [a, o] of e.entries()) i.push(u(o, t, `${n}[${a}]`, r));
+		return r.delete(e), i;
+	}
+	if (typeof e == "object") {
+		let i = Object.getPrototypeOf(e);
+		(i !== Object.prototype && i !== null || r.has(e)) && l(t, n), r.add(e);
+		let a = Object.create(null);
+		for (let [i, o] of Object.entries(e)) a[i] = u(o, t, n === "" ? i : `${n}.${i}`, r);
+		return r.delete(e), a;
+	}
+	return l(t, n);
 }
-function c(e) {
-	return s(e);
+function d(e, t) {
+	return u(e, t, "", /* @__PURE__ */ new Set());
 }
-var l = class e {
+var f = class e {
 	id;
 	name;
 	context;
@@ -172,7 +198,7 @@ var l = class e {
 	}
 	receive(t) {
 		let n = t;
-		for (let r of this.#t) if (e.#g(r, n.type) && r.instance.onEvent?.(t) === !0) return !0;
+		for (let r of this.#t) if (e.#f(r, n.type) && r.instance.onEvent?.(t) === !0) return !0;
 		return !1;
 	}
 	destroy() {
@@ -193,7 +219,7 @@ var l = class e {
 		let r = [], i = [];
 		for (let e of t.events ?? []) {
 			let t = e;
-			t.endsWith(":*") ? i.push(a(t)) : r.push(t), n.includes(e) || n.push(e);
+			t.endsWith(":*") ? i.push(s(t)) : r.push(t), n.includes(e) || n.push(e);
 		}
 		(r.length > 0 || i.length > 0) && this.#t.push({
 			instance: e,
@@ -226,14 +252,10 @@ var l = class e {
 	static #u(t, n, r) {
 		let i = Object.create(null);
 		i.tags = [];
-		for (let n of t) Object.assign(i, e.#d(n.defaults, r));
-		return Object.assign(i, e.#d(n, r)), e.#f(i, r), i;
+		for (let e of t) Object.assign(i, d(e.defaults, r));
+		return Object.assign(i, d(n, r)), e.#d(i, r), i;
 	}
-	static #d(t, n) {
-		if (!e.#h(t, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set())) throw TypeError(`Entity "${n}" state holds a value that is not finite JSON-compatible data.`);
-		return c(t);
-	}
-	static #f(e, t) {
+	static #d(e, t) {
 		let n = e.tags;
 		if (!Array.isArray(n)) throw TypeError(`Entity "${t}" tags must be a list of strings.`);
 		let r = [];
@@ -243,29 +265,13 @@ var l = class e {
 			r.push(e);
 		}
 	}
-	static #p(t, n) {
-		return t === null || typeof t == "string" || typeof t == "boolean" ? !0 : typeof t == "number" ? Number.isFinite(t) : Array.isArray(t) ? e.#m(t, n) : typeof t == "object" && e.#h(t, n);
-	}
-	static #m(t, n) {
-		if (n.has(t)) return !1;
-		n.add(t);
-		for (let r of t) if (!e.#p(r, n)) return n.delete(t), !1;
-		return n.delete(t), !0;
-	}
-	static #h(t, n) {
-		let r = Object.getPrototypeOf(t);
-		if (r !== Object.prototype && r !== null || n.has(t)) return !1;
-		n.add(t);
-		for (let r of Object.values(t)) if (!e.#p(r, n)) return n.delete(t), !1;
-		return n.delete(t), !0;
-	}
-	static #g(e, t) {
+	static #f(e, t) {
 		if (e.exact.includes(t)) return !0;
 		for (let n of e.patterns) if (n.test(t)) return !0;
 		return !1;
 	}
-}, u = class e {
-	#e = new o();
+}, p = class e {
+	#e = new c();
 	#t;
 	#n;
 	#r;
@@ -317,7 +323,7 @@ var l = class e {
 		for (let t of this.#s) e.push({
 			id: t.id,
 			name: t.name,
-			state: c(t.state)
+			state: d(t.state, t.id)
 		});
 		return {
 			tick: this.#i,
@@ -373,6 +379,6 @@ var l = class e {
 	}
 };
 //#endregion
-export { e as Behavior, o as EventBus, l as GameEntity, u as GameSimulationManager, t as NamedBehavior, i as dilationLimit, r as drainPassLimit, n as operationCallDepthLimit };
+export { e as Behavior, c as EventBus, f as GameEntity, p as GameSimulationManager, t as NamedBehavior, r as StateMachineBehavior, n as defineStates, o as dilationLimit, a as drainPassLimit, i as operationCallDepthLimit };
 
 //# sourceMappingURL=sage-core.js.map

package/dist/sage-core.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"sage-core.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/behavior.ts","../src/namedBehavior.ts","../src/constants.ts","../src/events.ts","../src/eventBus.ts","../src/gameEntity.ts","../src/simulation.ts"],"sourcesContent":["//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Behavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport type { EventSubscription, GameEvent } from './events.ts';\nimport type { GameEntity } from './gameEntity.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport abstract class Behavior<State extends object, Requires extends object = object>\n{\n    declare readonly state : State;\n    declare readonly ops : Requires;\n    declare readonly entity : GameEntity;\n\n    abstract readonly defaults : State;\n\n    onCreate?() : void;\n    onUpdate?(dt : number) : void;\n    onEvent?(event : GameEvent) : boolean | undefined;\n}\n\nexport interface BehaviorClass\n{\n    new () : Behavior<object, object>;\n    readonly ops ?: readonly PropertyKey[];\n    readonly events ?: readonly EventSubscription[];\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// NamedBehavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { Behavior } from './behavior.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface NamedState\n{\n    displayName : string;\n}\n\nexport class NamedBehavior extends Behavior<NamedState>\n{\n    readonly defaults : NamedState = { displayName: '' };\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Tuning Constants\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport const operationCallDepthLimit = 32;\n\nexport const drainPassLimit = 64;\n\nexport const dilationLimit = 5;\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Events\n//\n// `EventMap` is declared in the package root because a `declare module` augmentation only merges into the module that\n// declares the interface, and the root is the only module a consumer can address.\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport type { EventMap } from './index.ts';\n\nexport type { EventMap };\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type GameEvent = {\n    [Type in keyof EventMap & string] : {\n        type : Type;\n        senderID : string;\n        targetID ?: string;\n        payload : EventMap[Type];\n    }\n}[keyof EventMap & string];\n\ntype EventPrefix<Type extends string> = Type extends `${ infer Prefix }:${ infer Rest }`\n    ? Prefix | `${ Prefix }:${ EventPrefix<Rest> }`\n    : never;\n\nexport type EventSubscription = (keyof EventMap & string) | `${ EventPrefix<keyof EventMap & string> }:*`;\n\nexport type Unsubscribe = () => void;\n\nexport interface Subscriber\n{\n    readonly id : string;\n    receive(event : GameEvent) : boolean;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// The empty map boundary\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// Until a game augments `EventMap`, it holds nothing, `GameEvent` is `never` everywhere inside this package, and no\n// event value can be built against it. `RawGameEvent` is the shape an event has whatever the map holds, and it is the\n// only place core steps outside the typed vocabulary: it stays internal, and every public signature keeps `GameEvent`.\nexport interface RawGameEvent\n{\n    type : string;\n    senderID : string;\n    targetID ?: string;\n    payload : unknown;\n}\n\n// A pattern spans every remaining segment, so `door:*` matches `door:opened` and `door:lock:opened` alike.\nexport function compileEventPattern(subscription : string) : RegExp\n{\n    const escaped = subscription\n        .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\$&')\n        .replace(/\\\\\\*/g, '.*');\n\n    return new RegExp(`^${ escaped }$`);\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Event Bus\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { drainPassLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport {\n    type EventSubscription, type GameEvent, type RawGameEvent, type Subscriber, type Unsubscribe,\n    compileEventPattern,\n} from './events.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ninterface PatternSubscription\n{\n    pattern : RegExp;\n    subscriber : Subscriber;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport class EventBus\n{\n    #queue : RawGameEvent[] = [];\n    #patterns : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n    readonly #subscribers = new Map<string, Subscriber>();\n    readonly #exact = new Map<string, Subscriber[]>();\n\n    register(subscriber : Subscriber, subscriptions : readonly EventSubscription[]) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        if(this.#subscribers.has(subscriber.id))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`A subscriber is already registered under the ID \"${ subscriber.id }\".`);\n        }\n\n        this.#subscribers.set(subscriber.id, subscriber);\n\n        const exactNames : string[] = [];\n        const patternEntries : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n        for(const subscription of subscriptions)\n        {\n            const name : string = subscription;\n\n            if(name.endsWith(':*'))\n            {\n                const entry = { pattern: compileEventPattern(name), subscriber };\n                patternEntries.push(entry);\n                this.#patterns.push(entry);\n            }\n            else if(!exactNames.includes(name))\n            {\n                exactNames.push(name);\n                this.#addExact(name, subscriber);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return this.#teardown(subscriber, exactNames, patternEntries);\n    }\n\n    emit(event : GameEvent) : void\n    {\n        this.#queue.push(event as RawGameEvent);\n    }\n\n    drain() : void\n    {\n        const errors : unknown[] = [];\n        let passes = 0;\n\n        while(this.#queue.length > 0)\n        {\n            passes += 1;\n\n            if(passes > drainPassLimit)\n            {\n                this.#queue = [];\n                errors.push(new Error(`The drain exceeded ${ drainPassLimit } passes.`));\n                break;\n            }\n\n            const pass = this.#queue;\n            this.#queue = [];\n\n            for(const event of pass)\n            {\n                this.#deliver(event, errors);\n            }\n        }\n\n        if(errors.length > 0)\n        {\n            throw new AggregateError(errors, 'The drain raised.');\n        }\n    }\n\n    #addExact(name : string, subscriber : Subscriber) : void\n    {\n        const subscribers = this.#exact.get(name) ?? [];\n        subscribers.push(subscriber);\n        this.#exact.set(name, subscribers);\n    }\n\n    #removeExact(name : string, subscriber : Subscriber) : void\n    {\n        const subscribers = this.#exact.get(name);\n\n        if(subscribers === undefined)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const index = subscribers.indexOf(subscriber);\n\n        if(index >= 0)\n        {\n            subscribers.splice(index, 1);\n        }\n\n        if(subscribers.length === 0)\n        {\n            this.#exact.delete(name);\n        }\n    }\n\n    // A teardown is idempotent, and it evicts the subscriber under its ID only while that is still the registration it\n    // was handed out for; a later registration that took the same ID survives a stale teardown.\n    #teardown(\n        subscriber : Subscriber,\n        exactNames : readonly string[],\n        patternEntries : readonly PatternSubscription[]\n    ) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        let active = true;\n\n        return () : void =>\n        {\n            if(!active)\n            {\n                return;\n            }\n\n            active = false;\n\n            if(this.#subscribers.get(subscriber.id) === subscriber)\n            {\n                this.#subscribers.delete(subscriber.id);\n            }\n\n            for(const name of exactNames)\n            {\n                this.#removeExact(name, subscriber);\n            }\n\n            const remaining : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n            for(const entry of this.#patterns)\n            {\n                if(!patternEntries.includes(entry))\n                {\n                    remaining.push(entry);\n                }\n            }\n\n            this.#patterns = remaining;\n        };\n    }\n\n    #deliver(event : RawGameEvent, errors : unknown[]) : void\n    {\n        if(event.targetID !== undefined)\n        {\n            const addressed = this.#subscribers.get(event.targetID);\n\n            if(addressed !== undefined)\n            {\n                EventBus.#handOff(addressed, event, errors);\n            }\n\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const delivered = new Set<Subscriber>();\n\n        for(const subscriber of [ ...this.#exact.get(event.type) ?? [] ])\n        {\n            EventBus.#handOffOnce(subscriber, event, delivered, errors);\n        }\n\n        for(const entry of [ ...this.#patterns ])\n        {\n            if(entry.pattern.test(event.type))\n            {\n                EventBus.#handOffOnce(entry.subscriber, event, delivered, errors);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    static #handOffOnce(\n        subscriber : Subscriber,\n        event : RawGameEvent,\n        delivered : Set<Subscriber>,\n        errors : unknown[]\n    ) : void\n    {\n        if(delivered.has(subscriber))\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        delivered.add(subscriber);\n        EventBus.#handOff(subscriber, event, errors);\n    }\n\n    static #handOff(subscriber : Subscriber, event : RawGameEvent, errors : unknown[]) : void\n    {\n        try\n        {\n            subscriber.receive(event as GameEvent);\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            errors.push(error);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// GameEntity\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { operationCallDepthLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport {\n    type EventMap, type EventSubscription, type GameEvent, type RawGameEvent, type Subscriber, type Unsubscribe,\n    compileEventPattern,\n} from './events.ts';\n\nimport type { Behavior, BehaviorClass } from './behavior.ts';\nimport type { GameSimulationContext } from './simulationContext.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// State\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type StateValue = null | boolean | number | string | StateValue[] | { [key : string] : StateValue };\n\nexport type StateBag = Record<string, StateValue>;\n\nexport type DeepReadonly<Value> = Value extends (infer Item)[]\n    ? readonly DeepReadonly<Item>[]\n    : Value extends object\n        ? { readonly [Key in keyof Value] : DeepReadonly<Value[Key]> }\n        : Value;\n\nexport interface GameEntityState\n{\n    tags : string[];\n}\n\n// Records are copied with no prototype, so a state field named `__proto__` stays an ordinary field of the copy.\nfunction copyStateValue(value : StateValue) : StateValue\n{\n    if(Array.isArray(value))\n    {\n        const items : StateValue[] = [];\n\n        for(const item of value)\n        {\n            items.push(copyStateValue(item));\n        }\n\n        return items;\n    }\n\n    if(value !== null && typeof value === 'object')\n    {\n        const copy = Object.create(null) as StateBag;\n\n        for(const [ key, field ] of Object.entries(value))\n        {\n            copy[key] = copyStateValue(field);\n        }\n\n        return copy;\n    }\n\n    return value;\n}\n\nexport function copyStateBag(bag : Readonly<StateBag>) : StateBag\n{\n    return copyStateValue(bag) as StateBag;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Composition\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ntype UnionToIntersection<Union>\n    = (Union extends unknown ? (value : Union) => void : never) extends (value : infer Intersection) => void\n        ? Intersection\n        : never;\n\ntype StateOf<Class> = Class extends new () => { state : infer State } ? State : never;\n\ntype OperationNames<Class> = Class extends { ops : readonly (infer Name)[] } ? Name & PropertyKey : never;\n\ntype OpsFrom<Class> = Class extends BehaviorClass\n    ? Pick<InstanceType<Class>, OperationNames<Class> & keyof InstanceType<Class>>\n    : never;\n\ntype RequiresOf<Class> = Class extends new () => { ops : infer Requires } ? Requires : never;\n\nexport type StateFor<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]>\n    = GameEntityState & UnionToIntersection<StateOf<Behaviors[number]>> & object;\n\nexport type OpsFor<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]>\n    = UnionToIntersection<OpsFrom<Behaviors[number]>> & object;\n\nexport type OpsOf<Class extends BehaviorClass> = OpsFrom<Class>;\n\nexport type StateSliceOf<Class extends BehaviorClass> = StateOf<Class>;\n\ninterface Unsatisfied<Missing> { 'ERROR: a behavior requires operations the entity does not provide' : Missing }\ninterface DuplicateOperation<Name> { 'ERROR: two behaviors expose the same operation name' : Name }\ninterface IncompatibleState<Name> { 'ERROR: two behaviors declare one state field with incompatible types' : Name }\n\ntype ValidateRequires<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]> = {\n    [Index in keyof Behaviors] : OpsFor<Behaviors> extends RequiresOf<Behaviors[Index]>\n        ? Behaviors[Index]\n        : Unsatisfied<Exclude<keyof RequiresOf<Behaviors[Index]>, keyof OpsFor<Behaviors>>>\n};\n\ntype DuplicateNames<Behaviors extends readonly unknown[], Seen extends PropertyKey = never>\n    = Behaviors extends readonly [ infer Head, ...infer Tail ]\n        ? [Extract<OperationNames<Head>, Seen>] extends [never]\n            ? DuplicateNames<Tail, Seen | OperationNames<Head>>\n            : Extract<OperationNames<Head>, Seen> | DuplicateNames<Tail, Seen | OperationNames<Head>>\n        : never;\n\ntype IncompatibleKeys<First, Second> = {\n    [Key in keyof First & keyof Second] : [First[Key]] extends [Second[Key]]\n        ? [Second[Key]] extends [First[Key]]\n            ? never\n            : Key\n        : Key;\n}[keyof First & keyof Second];\n\ntype IncompatibleStateKeys<\n    Behaviors extends readonly unknown[],\n    SeenState extends object = object,\n> = Behaviors extends readonly [ infer Head, ...infer Tail ]\n    ? IncompatibleKeys<SeenState, StateOf<Head>> | IncompatibleStateKeys<Tail, SeenState & StateOf<Head>>\n    : never;\n\nexport type ValidTuple<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]>\n    = [DuplicateNames<Behaviors>] extends [never]\n        ? [IncompatibleStateKeys<Behaviors>] extends [never]\n            ? Behaviors extends ValidateRequires<Behaviors>\n                ? Behaviors\n                : ValidateRequires<Behaviors>\n            : readonly IncompatibleState<IncompatibleStateKeys<Behaviors>>[]\n        : readonly DuplicateOperation<DuplicateNames<Behaviors>>[];\n\nexport interface GameEntityType\n{\n    readonly behaviors : readonly BehaviorClass[];\n    readonly prototype : GameEntity;\n}\n\nexport type ComposedOf<Type extends GameEntityType> = Type['prototype'] & {\n    readonly state : StateFor<Type['behaviors']>;\n    readonly ops : OpsFor<Type['behaviors']>;\n};\n\nexport type NarrowedTo<Class extends BehaviorClass> = GameEntity & {\n    readonly state : DeepReadonly<StateSliceOf<Class>>;\n    readonly ops : OpsOf<Class>;\n};\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ntype BehaviorInstance = Behavior<object, object>;\n\ntype OperationTable = Record<PropertyKey, unknown>;\n\ntype EntityConstructor = new (\n    id : string,\n    context : GameSimulationContext,\n    providedState : object,\n    runCreateHooks : boolean,\n    name ?: string\n) => GameEntity;\n\ninterface BehaviorListener\n{\n    instance : BehaviorInstance;\n    exact : string[];\n    patterns : RegExp[];\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// The entity\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport abstract class GameEntity implements Subscriber\n{\n    readonly id : string;\n    readonly name : string;\n    protected readonly context : GameSimulationContext;\n    readonly state : object;\n    readonly ops : object;\n    readonly eventSubscriptions : readonly EventSubscription[];\n\n    static readonly behaviors : readonly BehaviorClass[] = [];\n\n    readonly #instances : BehaviorInstance[] = [];\n    readonly #listeners : BehaviorListener[] = [];\n    readonly #unsubscribe : Unsubscribe;\n\n    #operationDepth = 0;\n    #creationEvents : RawGameEvent[] | undefined;\n\n    static create<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        this : Type & { behaviors : ValidTuple<Type['behaviors']> },\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationContext,\n        state ?: Partial<StateFor<Type['behaviors']>>,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        return GameEntity.#construct(this, id, context, state ?? {}, true, name);\n    }\n\n    static restore<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        this : Type & { behaviors : ValidTuple<Type['behaviors']> },\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationContext,\n        state : StateFor<Type['behaviors']>,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        return GameEntity.#construct(this, id, context, state, false, name);\n    }\n\n    static #construct<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        type : Type,\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationContext,\n        state : object,\n        runCreateHooks : boolean,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        const constructable = type as unknown as EntityConstructor;\n\n        return new constructable(id, context, state, runCreateHooks, name) as ComposedOf<Type>;\n    }\n\n    protected constructor(\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationContext,\n        providedState : object,\n        runCreateHooks : boolean,\n        name ?: string\n    )\n    {\n        this.id = id;\n        this.name = name ?? (new.target as typeof GameEntity).name;\n        this.context = context;\n\n        const behaviorClasses = (new.target as typeof GameEntity).behaviors;\n\n        for(const behaviorClass of behaviorClasses)\n        {\n            this.#instances.push(new behaviorClass());\n        }\n\n        this.state = GameEntity.#composeState(this.#instances, providedState, id);\n\n        const ops = Object.create(null) as OperationTable;\n        this.ops = ops;\n\n        const subscriptions : EventSubscription[] = [];\n\n        for(const [ index, behaviorClass ] of behaviorClasses.entries())\n        {\n            const instance = this.#instances[index];\n\n            if(instance !== undefined)\n            {\n                Object.assign(instance, { state: this.state, ops, entity: this });\n                this.#bindOperations(instance, behaviorClass, ops);\n                this.#bindEvents(instance, behaviorClass, subscriptions);\n            }\n        }\n\n        this.eventSubscriptions = subscriptions;\n        this.#unsubscribe = context.bus.register(this, subscriptions);\n\n        if(runCreateHooks)\n        {\n            this.#runCreateHooks();\n        }\n    }\n\n    hasBehavior<Class extends BehaviorClass>(behaviorClass : Class) : this is NarrowedTo<Class>\n    {\n        for(const instance of this.#instances)\n        {\n            if(instance instanceof behaviorClass)\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    getEntity(id : string) : GameEntity | undefined\n    {\n        return this.context.getEntity(id);\n    }\n\n    emit<Type extends keyof EventMap & string>(type : Type, payload : EventMap[Type], targetID ?: string) : void\n    {\n        const event : RawGameEvent = { type, senderID: this.id, targetID, payload };\n\n        if(this.#creationEvents !== undefined)\n        {\n            this.#creationEvents.push(event);\n            return;\n        }\n\n        this.context.bus.emit(event as GameEvent);\n    }\n\n    update(dt : number) : void\n    {\n        for(const instance of this.#instances)\n        {\n            instance.onUpdate?.(dt);\n        }\n    }\n\n    receive(event : GameEvent) : boolean\n    {\n        const raw = event as RawGameEvent;\n\n        for(const listener of this.#listeners)\n        {\n            if(GameEntity.#matches(listener, raw.type) && listener.instance.onEvent?.(event) === true)\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    destroy() : void\n    {\n        this.#unsubscribe();\n    }\n\n    // A copy, so an override reads the attachment order without reaching the list the entity dispatches from.\n    protected attachedBehaviors() : readonly BehaviorInstance[]\n    {\n        return [ ...this.#instances ];\n    }\n\n    #bindOperations(instance : BehaviorInstance, behaviorClass : BehaviorClass, ops : OperationTable) : void\n    {\n        for(const name of behaviorClass.ops ?? [])\n        {\n            if(Object.hasOwn(ops, name))\n            {\n                throw new Error(`Two behaviors on entity \"${ this.id }\" expose the operation \"${ String(name) }\".`);\n            }\n\n            const method = (instance as unknown as OperationTable)[name];\n\n            if(typeof method !== 'function')\n            {\n                throw new Error(\n                    `Behavior \"${ behaviorClass.name }\" declares the operation \"${ String(name) }\" `\n                    + 'with no method behind it.'\n                );\n            }\n\n            ops[name] = this.#guardedOperation(name, method as (...args : unknown[]) => unknown, instance);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #bindEvents(\n        instance : BehaviorInstance,\n        behaviorClass : BehaviorClass,\n        subscriptions : EventSubscription[]\n    ) : void\n    {\n        const exact : string[] = [];\n        const patterns : RegExp[] = [];\n\n        for(const subscription of behaviorClass.events ?? [])\n        {\n            const name : string = subscription;\n\n            if(name.endsWith(':*'))\n            {\n                patterns.push(compileEventPattern(name));\n            }\n            else\n            {\n                exact.push(name);\n            }\n\n            if(!subscriptions.includes(subscription))\n            {\n                subscriptions.push(subscription);\n            }\n        }\n\n        if(exact.length > 0 || patterns.length > 0)\n        {\n            this.#listeners.push({ instance, exact, patterns });\n        }\n    }\n\n    #guardedOperation(\n        name : PropertyKey,\n        method : (...args : unknown[]) => unknown,\n        instance : BehaviorInstance\n    ) : (...args : unknown[]) => unknown\n    {\n        return (...args : unknown[]) : unknown =>\n        {\n            this.#operationDepth += 1;\n\n            try\n            {\n                if(this.#operationDepth > operationCallDepthLimit)\n                {\n                    throw new RangeError(\n                        `Operation \"${ String(name) }\" on entity \"${ this.id }\" ran deeper than the operation `\n                        + `call depth limit of ${ operationCallDepthLimit }.`\n                    );\n                }\n\n                return method.apply(instance, args);\n            }\n            finally\n            {\n                this.#operationDepth -= 1;\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    // The hooks emit into a held list rather than onto the queue, so a hook that throws leaves the bus as it found it.\n    #runCreateHooks() : void\n    {\n        this.#creationEvents = [];\n\n        try\n        {\n            for(const instance of this.#instances)\n            {\n                instance.onCreate?.();\n            }\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            this.#creationEvents = undefined;\n            this.#unsubscribe();\n            throw error;\n        }\n\n        const held = this.#creationEvents;\n        this.#creationEvents = undefined;\n\n        for(const event of held)\n        {\n            this.context.bus.emit(event as GameEvent);\n        }\n    }\n\n    static #composeState(instances : readonly BehaviorInstance[], providedState : object, id : string) : StateBag\n    {\n        const state = Object.create(null) as StateBag;\n        state['tags'] = [];\n\n        for(const instance of instances)\n        {\n            Object.assign(state, GameEntity.#copyValidState(instance.defaults, id));\n        }\n\n        Object.assign(state, GameEntity.#copyValidState(providedState, id));\n        GameEntity.#checkTags(state, id);\n\n        return state;\n    }\n\n    static #copyValidState(value : object, id : string) : StateBag\n    {\n        if(!GameEntity.#isStateBag(value, new Set<object>()))\n        {\n            throw new TypeError(`Entity \"${ id }\" state holds a value that is not finite JSON-compatible data.`);\n        }\n\n        return copyStateBag(value);\n    }\n\n    static #checkTags(state : StateBag, id : string) : void\n    {\n        const tags = state['tags'];\n\n        if(!Array.isArray(tags))\n        {\n            throw new TypeError(`Entity \"${ id }\" tags must be a list of strings.`);\n        }\n\n        const seen : string[] = [];\n\n        for(const tag of tags)\n        {\n            if(typeof tag !== 'string')\n            {\n                throw new TypeError(`Entity \"${ id }\" tags must be a list of strings.`);\n            }\n\n            if(seen.includes(tag))\n            {\n                throw new Error(`Entity \"${ id }\" carries the tag \"${ tag }\" more than once.`);\n            }\n\n            seen.push(tag);\n        }\n    }\n\n    static #isStateValue(value : unknown, seen : Set<object>) : value is StateValue\n    {\n        if(value === null || typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'boolean')\n        {\n            return true;\n        }\n\n        if(typeof value === 'number')\n        {\n            return Number.isFinite(value);\n        }\n\n        if(Array.isArray(value))\n        {\n            return GameEntity.#everyItemIsState(value, seen);\n        }\n\n        if(typeof value === 'object')\n        {\n            return GameEntity.#isStateBag(value, seen);\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    static #everyItemIsState(items : readonly unknown[], seen : Set<object>) : boolean\n    {\n        if(seen.has(items))\n        {\n            return false;\n        }\n\n        seen.add(items);\n\n        for(const item of items)\n        {\n            if(!GameEntity.#isStateValue(item, seen))\n            {\n                seen.delete(items);\n                return false;\n            }\n        }\n\n        seen.delete(items);\n        return true;\n    }\n\n    static #isStateBag(value : object, seen : Set<object>) : value is StateBag\n    {\n        const prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(value) as unknown;\n\n        if(prototype !== Object.prototype && prototype !== null)\n        {\n            return false;\n        }\n\n        if(seen.has(value))\n        {\n            return false;\n        }\n\n        seen.add(value);\n\n        for(const item of Object.values(value))\n        {\n            if(!GameEntity.#isStateValue(item, seen))\n            {\n                seen.delete(value);\n                return false;\n            }\n        }\n\n        seen.delete(value);\n        return true;\n    }\n\n    static #matches(listener : BehaviorListener, type : string) : boolean\n    {\n        if(listener.exact.includes(type))\n        {\n            return true;\n        }\n\n        for(const pattern of listener.patterns)\n        {\n            if(pattern.test(type))\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Simulation Manager\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { dilationLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport { EventBus } from './eventBus.ts';\nimport {\n    type GameEntity, type GameEntityState, type GameEntityType, type StateBag, copyStateBag,\n} from './gameEntity.ts';\n\nimport type { GameSimulationContext } from './simulationContext.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface GameEntitySnapshot\n{\n    id : string;\n    name : string;\n    state : StateBag;\n}\n\nexport interface GameSimulationSnapshot\n{\n    tick : number;\n    idCounter : number;\n    entities : GameEntitySnapshot[];\n}\n\nexport type IDAllocator = () => string;\n\nexport interface GameSimulationOptions\n{\n    fixedStepDuration : number;\n    entityClasses : Readonly<Record<string, GameEntityType>>;\n    allocator ?: IDAllocator;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ninterface ConstructableEntityClass extends GameEntityType\n{\n    create(id : string, context : GameSimulationContext, state ?: StateBag, name ?: string) : GameEntity;\n    restore(id : string, context : GameSimulationContext, state : StateBag, name ?: string) : GameEntity;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport class GameSimulationManager implements GameSimulationContext\n{\n    readonly #bus = new EventBus();\n    readonly #fixedStepDuration : number;\n    readonly #entityClasses : Readonly<Record<string, GameEntityType>>;\n    readonly #allocator : IDAllocator | undefined;\n\n    #tick = 0;\n    #idCounter = 0;\n    #accumulator = 0;\n    #entries : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n    constructor(options : GameSimulationOptions)\n    {\n        this.#fixedStepDuration = options.fixedStepDuration;\n        this.#entityClasses = options.entityClasses;\n        this.#allocator = options.allocator;\n\n        if(!Number.isFinite(this.#fixedStepDuration) || this.#fixedStepDuration <= 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError('A fixed step duration must be a finite number greater than zero.');\n        }\n    }\n\n    get bus() : EventBus\n    {\n        return this.#bus;\n    }\n\n    get tick() : number\n    {\n        return this.#tick;\n    }\n\n    get entities() : readonly GameEntity[]\n    {\n        return [ ...this.#entries ];\n    }\n\n    spawn(name : string, id ?: string, state ?: StateBag) : GameEntity\n    {\n        const entityClass = this.#entityClass(name);\n\n        let entityID = id;\n\n        if(entityID === undefined)\n        {\n            entityID = this.#mintID();\n        }\n\n        if(this.getEntity(entityID) !== undefined)\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The simulation already holds an entity under the ID \"${ entityID }\".`);\n        }\n\n        const entity = entityClass.create(entityID, this, state ?? {}, name);\n        this.#entries.push(entity);\n\n        return entity;\n    }\n\n    despawn(id : string) : void\n    {\n        const index = this.#entries.findIndex((entity) => entity.id === id);\n\n        if(index < 0)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const entity = this.#entries[index];\n\n        if(entity !== undefined)\n        {\n            entity.destroy();\n            this.#entries.splice(index, 1);\n        }\n    }\n\n    getEntity(id : string) : GameEntity | undefined\n    {\n        return this.#entries.find((entity) => entity.id === id);\n    }\n\n    getEntitiesByTag(tag : string) : readonly GameEntity[]\n    {\n        const found : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            if(GameSimulationManager.#entityState(entity).tags.includes(tag))\n            {\n                found.push(entity);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return found;\n    }\n\n    runStepsForElapsedTime(elapsed : number) : void\n    {\n        if(!Number.isFinite(elapsed) || elapsed < 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError('Elapsed time must be a finite number of zero or more.');\n        }\n\n        this.#accumulator += elapsed;\n\n        let steps = 0;\n\n        while(this.#owesAFixedStep() && steps < dilationLimit)\n        {\n            this.#runFixedStep();\n            steps += 1;\n        }\n\n        // Chronic overrun degrades into simulation time running slower than wall clock: the whole intervals still owed\n        // are dropped and only the fraction is carried.\n        if(steps === dilationLimit && this.#owesAFixedStep())\n        {\n            this.#accumulator %= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n        }\n    }\n\n    snapshot() : GameSimulationSnapshot\n    {\n        const entities : GameEntitySnapshot[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            entities.push({\n                id: entity.id,\n                name: entity.name,\n                state: copyStateBag(entity.state as StateBag),\n            });\n        }\n\n        return { tick: this.#tick, idCounter: this.#idCounter, entities };\n    }\n\n    fromSnapshot(snapshot : GameSimulationSnapshot) : GameSimulationManager\n    {\n        const restored = this.buildReplacementSimulation({\n            fixedStepDuration: this.#fixedStepDuration,\n            entityClasses: this.#entityClasses,\n            allocator: this.#allocator,\n        });\n\n        restored.#load(snapshot);\n\n        return restored;\n    }\n\n    protected buildReplacementSimulation(options : GameSimulationOptions) : GameSimulationManager\n    {\n        return new GameSimulationManager(options);\n    }\n\n    #load(snapshot : GameSimulationSnapshot) : void\n    {\n        const entries : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n        try\n        {\n            for(const row of snapshot.entities)\n            {\n                const entityClass = this.#entityClass(row.name);\n                const entity = entityClass.restore(row.id, this, row.state, row.name);\n                entries.push(entity);\n            }\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            for(const entity of entries)\n            {\n                entity.destroy();\n            }\n\n            throw error;\n        }\n\n        this.#entries = entries;\n        this.#tick = snapshot.tick;\n        this.#idCounter = snapshot.idCounter;\n    }\n\n    // The accumulator holds a sum of binary floating point values, which lands a few units in the last place short of\n    // the interval the caller meant; without the epsilon three calls of a third of a step run no step at all.\n    #owesAFixedStep() : boolean\n    {\n        return this.#accumulator + Number.EPSILON >= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n    }\n\n    #runFixedStep() : void\n    {\n        for(const entity of [ ...this.#entries ])\n        {\n            entity.update(this.#fixedStepDuration);\n        }\n\n        // The step ran, so the tick and the accumulator settle whether or not the drain raised.\n        try\n        {\n            this.#bus.drain();\n        }\n        finally\n        {\n            this.#accumulator -= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n\n            if(Math.abs(this.#accumulator) <= Number.EPSILON)\n            {\n                this.#accumulator = 0;\n            }\n\n            this.#tick += 1;\n        }\n    }\n\n    #mintID() : string\n    {\n        if(this.#allocator !== undefined)\n        {\n            return this.#allocator();\n        }\n\n        this.#idCounter += 1;\n\n        return `entity-${ this.#idCounter }`;\n    }\n\n    #entityClass(name : string) : ConstructableEntityClass\n    {\n        const entityClass = this.#entityClasses[name];\n\n        if(entityClass === undefined)\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The entity class table holds no class named \"${ name }\".`);\n        }\n\n        return entityClass as ConstructableEntityClass;\n    }\n\n    // Every entity carries the tags field whatever its behaviors declare, so the query reads it straight.\n    static #entityState(entity : GameEntity) : GameEntityState\n    {\n        return entity.state as GameEntityState;\n    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+{"version":3,"file":"sage-core.js","names":[],"sources":["../src/behavior.ts","../src/namedBehavior.ts","../src/stateMachineBehavior.ts","../src/constants.ts","../src/events.ts","../src/eventBus.ts","../src/gameEntity.ts","../src/simulation.ts"],"sourcesContent":["//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Behavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport type { EventSubscription, GameEvent } from './events.ts';\nimport type { GameEntity } from './gameEntity.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport abstract class Behavior<State extends object, Requires extends object = object>\n{\n    declare readonly state : State;\n    declare readonly ops : Requires;\n    declare readonly entity : GameEntity;\n\n    abstract readonly defaults : State;\n\n    onCreate?() : void;\n    onUpdate?(dt : number) : void;\n    onEvent?(event : GameEvent) : boolean | undefined;\n}\n\nexport interface BehaviorClass\n{\n    new () : Behavior<object, object>;\n    readonly ops ?: readonly PropertyKey[];\n    readonly events ?: readonly EventSubscription[];\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// NamedBehavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { Behavior } from './behavior.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface NamedState\n{\n    displayName : string;\n}\n\nexport class NamedBehavior extends Behavior<NamedState>\n{\n    readonly defaults : NamedState = { displayName: '' };\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// StateMachineBehavior\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { Behavior } from './behavior.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface StateDefinition<Machine, States extends string>\n{\n    enter ?(this : Machine, from : States) : void;\n    exit ?(this : Machine, to : States) : void;\n    update ?(this : Machine, dt : number) : void;\n}\n\n// A subclass assigns `states` from this call, passing its own `this` as `machine`, rather than writing the\n// Record<...> type out by hand: a class field with no type annotation infers its type from a function's return type\n// without pushing the function's parameter type back down into the argument, so a bare object literal would leave\n// every enter/exit/update untyped. Calling through this instead gives the object literal a contextual type, which is\n// what makes `this.state` and each hook's own parameter resolve inside the literal at all.\nexport function defineStates<Machine, States extends string>(\n    _machine : Machine,\n    states : Record<States, StateDefinition<Machine, States>>\n) : Record<States, StateDefinition<Machine, States>>\n{\n    return states;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport abstract class StateMachineBehavior<\n    OwnState extends { currentState : string },\n    Requires extends object = object,\n> extends Behavior<OwnState, Requires>\n{\n    static readonly ops = [ 'transitionTo' ] as const;\n\n    abstract readonly states : Record<OwnState['currentState'], StateDefinition<this, OwnState['currentState']>>;\n\n    onUpdate(dt : number) : void\n    {\n        // `this.state.currentState` widens to `string` as an index expression on its own -- naming its type here\n        // is what keeps it narrowed to `OwnState['currentState']`, which `states` is actually keyed by.\n        const current : OwnState['currentState'] = this.state.currentState;\n\n        this.states[current].update?.call(this, dt);\n    }\n\n    transitionTo(to : OwnState['currentState']) : void\n    {\n        if(!(to in this.states))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`StateMachineBehavior: no state named \"${ to }\" is declared.`);\n        }\n\n        if(to === this.state.currentState)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const from : OwnState['currentState'] = this.state.currentState;\n\n        this.states[from].exit?.call(this, to);\n        this.state.currentState = to;\n        this.states[to].enter?.call(this, from);\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Tuning Constants\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport const operationCallDepthLimit = 32;\n\nexport const drainPassLimit = 64;\n\nexport const dilationLimit = 5;\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Events\n//\n// `EventMap` is declared in the package root because a `declare module` augmentation only merges into the module that\n// declares the interface, and the root is the only module a consumer can address.\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport type { EventMap } from './index.ts';\n\nexport type { EventMap };\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type GameEvent = {\n    [Type in keyof EventMap & string] : {\n        type : Type;\n        senderID : string;\n        targetID ?: string;\n        payload : EventMap[Type];\n    }\n}[keyof EventMap & string];\n\ntype EventPrefix<Type extends string> = Type extends `${ infer Prefix }:${ infer Rest }`\n    ? Prefix | `${ Prefix }:${ EventPrefix<Rest> }`\n    : never;\n\nexport type EventSubscription = (keyof EventMap & string) | `${ EventPrefix<keyof EventMap & string> }:*`;\n\nexport type Unsubscribe = () => void;\n\nexport interface Subscriber\n{\n    readonly id : string;\n    receive(event : GameEvent) : boolean;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// The empty map boundary\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n// Until a game augments `EventMap`, it holds nothing, `GameEvent` is `never` everywhere inside this package, and no\n// event value can be built against it. `RawGameEvent` is the shape an event has whatever the map holds, and it is the\n// only place core steps outside the typed vocabulary: it stays internal, and every public signature keeps `GameEvent`.\nexport interface RawGameEvent\n{\n    type : string;\n    senderID : string;\n    targetID ?: string;\n    payload : unknown;\n}\n\n// A pattern spans every remaining segment, so `door:*` matches `door:opened` and `door:lock:opened` alike.\nexport function compileEventPattern(subscription : string) : RegExp\n{\n    const escaped = subscription\n        .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\\]\\\\]/g, '\\\\$&')\n        .replace(/\\\\\\*/g, '.*');\n\n    return new RegExp(`^${ escaped }$`);\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Event Bus\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { drainPassLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport {\n    type EventSubscription, type GameEvent, type RawGameEvent, type Subscriber, type Unsubscribe,\n    compileEventPattern,\n} from './events.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ninterface PatternSubscription\n{\n    pattern : RegExp;\n    subscriber : Subscriber;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport class EventBus\n{\n    #queue : RawGameEvent[] = [];\n    #patterns : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n    readonly #subscribers = new Map<string, Subscriber>();\n    readonly #exact = new Map<string, Subscriber[]>();\n\n    register(subscriber : Subscriber, subscriptions : readonly EventSubscription[]) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        if(this.#subscribers.has(subscriber.id))\n        {\n            throw new Error(`A subscriber is already registered under the ID \"${ subscriber.id }\".`);\n        }\n\n        this.#subscribers.set(subscriber.id, subscriber);\n\n        const exactNames : string[] = [];\n        const patternEntries : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n        for(const subscription of subscriptions)\n        {\n            const name : string = subscription;\n\n            if(name.endsWith(':*'))\n            {\n                const entry = { pattern: compileEventPattern(name), subscriber };\n                patternEntries.push(entry);\n                this.#patterns.push(entry);\n            }\n            else if(!exactNames.includes(name))\n            {\n                exactNames.push(name);\n                this.#addExact(name, subscriber);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return this.#teardown(subscriber, exactNames, patternEntries);\n    }\n\n    emit(event : GameEvent) : void\n    {\n        this.#queue.push(event as RawGameEvent);\n    }\n\n    drain() : void\n    {\n        const errors : unknown[] = [];\n        let passes = 0;\n\n        while(this.#queue.length > 0)\n        {\n            passes += 1;\n\n            if(passes > drainPassLimit)\n            {\n                this.#queue = [];\n                errors.push(new Error(`The drain exceeded ${ drainPassLimit } passes.`));\n                break;\n            }\n\n            const pass = this.#queue;\n            this.#queue = [];\n\n            for(const event of pass)\n            {\n                this.#deliver(event, errors);\n            }\n        }\n\n        if(errors.length > 0)\n        {\n            throw new AggregateError(errors, 'The drain raised.');\n        }\n    }\n\n    #addExact(name : string, subscriber : Subscriber) : void\n    {\n        const subscribers = this.#exact.get(name) ?? [];\n        subscribers.push(subscriber);\n        this.#exact.set(name, subscribers);\n    }\n\n    #removeExact(name : string, subscriber : Subscriber) : void\n    {\n        const subscribers = this.#exact.get(name);\n\n        if(subscribers === undefined)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const index = subscribers.indexOf(subscriber);\n\n        if(index >= 0)\n        {\n            subscribers.splice(index, 1);\n        }\n\n        if(subscribers.length === 0)\n        {\n            this.#exact.delete(name);\n        }\n    }\n\n    // A teardown is idempotent, and it evicts the subscriber under its ID only while that is still the registration it\n    // was handed out for; a later registration that took the same ID survives a stale teardown.\n    #teardown(\n        subscriber : Subscriber,\n        exactNames : readonly string[],\n        patternEntries : readonly PatternSubscription[]\n    ) : Unsubscribe\n    {\n        let active = true;\n\n        return () : void =>\n        {\n            if(!active)\n            {\n                return;\n            }\n\n            active = false;\n\n            if(this.#subscribers.get(subscriber.id) === subscriber)\n            {\n                this.#subscribers.delete(subscriber.id);\n            }\n\n            for(const name of exactNames)\n            {\n                this.#removeExact(name, subscriber);\n            }\n\n            const remaining : PatternSubscription[] = [];\n\n            for(const entry of this.#patterns)\n            {\n                if(!patternEntries.includes(entry))\n                {\n                    remaining.push(entry);\n                }\n            }\n\n            this.#patterns = remaining;\n        };\n    }\n\n    #deliver(event : RawGameEvent, errors : unknown[]) : void\n    {\n        if(event.targetID !== undefined)\n        {\n            const addressed = this.#subscribers.get(event.targetID);\n\n            if(addressed !== undefined)\n            {\n                EventBus.#handOff(addressed, event, errors);\n            }\n\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const delivered = new Set<Subscriber>();\n\n        for(const subscriber of [ ...this.#exact.get(event.type) ?? [] ])\n        {\n            EventBus.#handOffOnce(subscriber, event, delivered, errors);\n        }\n\n        for(const entry of [ ...this.#patterns ])\n        {\n            if(entry.pattern.test(event.type))\n            {\n                EventBus.#handOffOnce(entry.subscriber, event, delivered, errors);\n            }\n        }\n    }\n\n    static #handOffOnce(\n        subscriber : Subscriber,\n        event : RawGameEvent,\n        delivered : Set<Subscriber>,\n        errors : unknown[]\n    ) : void\n    {\n        if(delivered.has(subscriber))\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        delivered.add(subscriber);\n        EventBus.#handOff(subscriber, event, errors);\n    }\n\n    static #handOff(subscriber : Subscriber, event : RawGameEvent, errors : unknown[]) : void\n    {\n        try\n        {\n            subscriber.receive(event as GameEvent);\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            errors.push(error);\n        }\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// GameEntity\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { operationCallDepthLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport {\n    type EventMap, type EventSubscription, type GameEvent, type RawGameEvent, type Subscriber, type Unsubscribe,\n    compileEventPattern,\n} from './events.ts';\n\nimport type { Behavior, BehaviorClass } from './behavior.ts';\nimport type { GameSimulationContext } from './simulationContext.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// State\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport type StateValue = null | boolean | number | string | StateValue[] | { [key : string] : StateValue };\n\nexport type StateBag = Record<string, StateValue>;\n\nexport type DeepReadonly<Value> = Value extends (infer Item)[]\n    ? readonly DeepReadonly<Item>[]\n    : Value extends object\n        ? { readonly [Key in keyof Value] : DeepReadonly<Value[Key]> }\n        : Value;\n\nexport interface GameEntityState\n{\n    tags : string[];\n}\n\nfunction rejectStateValue(id : string, path : string) : never\n{\n    throw new TypeError(\n        `Entity \"${ id }\" state holds a value that is not finite JSON-compatible data at \"${ path }\".`\n    );\n}\n\n// Copies and checks in one walk, so every path that hands state around -- creation, restoration, snapshot --\n// rejects the same values (design/entities.md#state). Records are copied with no prototype, so a state field\n// named `__proto__` stays an ordinary field of the copy.\nfunction copyStateValue(value : unknown, id : string, path : string, seen : Set<object>) : StateValue\n{\n    if(value === null || typeof value === 'string' || typeof value === 'boolean')\n    {\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    if(typeof value === 'number')\n    {\n        if(!Number.isFinite(value))\n        {\n            rejectStateValue(id, path);\n        }\n\n        return value;\n    }\n\n    if(Array.isArray(value))\n    {\n        if(seen.has(value))\n        {\n            rejectStateValue(id, path);\n        }\n\n        seen.add(value);\n\n        const items : StateValue[] = [];\n\n        for(const [ index, item ] of value.entries())\n        {\n            items.push(copyStateValue(item, id, `${ path }[${ index }]`, seen));\n        }\n\n        seen.delete(value);\n\n        return items;\n    }\n\n    if(typeof value === 'object')\n    {\n        const prototype = Object.getPrototypeOf(value) as unknown;\n\n        if((prototype !== Object.prototype && prototype !== null) || seen.has(value))\n        {\n            rejectStateValue(id, path);\n        }\n\n        seen.add(value);\n\n        const copy = Object.create(null) as StateBag;\n\n        for(const [ key, field ] of Object.entries(value))\n        {\n            copy[key] = copyStateValue(field, id, path === '' ? key : `${ path }.${ key }`, seen);\n        }\n\n        seen.delete(value);\n\n        return copy;\n    }\n\n    return rejectStateValue(id, path);\n}\n\nexport function copyStateBag(bag : Readonly<StateBag>, id : string) : StateBag\n{\n    return copyStateValue(bag, id, '', new Set<object>()) as StateBag;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Composition\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ntype UnionToIntersection<Union>\n    = (Union extends unknown ? (value : Union) => void : never) extends (value : infer Intersection) => void\n        ? Intersection\n        : never;\n\ntype StateOf<Class> = Class extends new () => { state : infer State } ? State : never;\n\ntype OperationNames<Class> = Class extends { ops : readonly (infer Name)[] } ? Name & PropertyKey : never;\n\ntype OpsFrom<Class> = Class extends BehaviorClass\n    ? Pick<InstanceType<Class>, OperationNames<Class> & keyof InstanceType<Class>>\n    : never;\n\ntype RequiresOf<Class> = Class extends new () => { ops : infer Requires } ? Requires : never;\n\nexport type StateFor<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]>\n    = GameEntityState & UnionToIntersection<StateOf<Behaviors[number]>> & object;\n\nexport type OpsFor<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]>\n    = UnionToIntersection<OpsFrom<Behaviors[number]>> & object;\n\nexport type OpsOf<Class extends BehaviorClass> = OpsFrom<Class>;\n\nexport type StateSliceOf<Class extends BehaviorClass> = StateOf<Class>;\n\ninterface Unsatisfied<Missing> { 'ERROR: a behavior requires operations the entity does not provide' : Missing }\ninterface DuplicateOperation<Name> { 'ERROR: two behaviors expose the same operation name' : Name }\ninterface IncompatibleState<Name> { 'ERROR: two behaviors declare one state field with incompatible types' : Name }\n\ntype ValidateRequires<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]> = {\n    [Index in keyof Behaviors] : OpsFor<Behaviors> extends RequiresOf<Behaviors[Index]>\n        ? Behaviors[Index]\n        : Unsatisfied<Exclude<keyof RequiresOf<Behaviors[Index]>, keyof OpsFor<Behaviors>>>\n};\n\ntype DuplicateNames<Behaviors extends readonly unknown[], Seen extends PropertyKey = never>\n    = Behaviors extends readonly [ infer Head, ...infer Tail ]\n        ? [Extract<OperationNames<Head>, Seen>] extends [never]\n            ? DuplicateNames<Tail, Seen | OperationNames<Head>>\n            : Extract<OperationNames<Head>, Seen> | DuplicateNames<Tail, Seen | OperationNames<Head>>\n        : never;\n\ntype IncompatibleKeys<First, Second> = {\n    [Key in keyof First & keyof Second] : [First[Key]] extends [Second[Key]]\n        ? [Second[Key]] extends [First[Key]]\n            ? never\n            : Key\n        : Key;\n}[keyof First & keyof Second];\n\ntype IncompatibleStateKeys<\n    Behaviors extends readonly unknown[],\n    SeenState extends object = object,\n> = Behaviors extends readonly [ infer Head, ...infer Tail ]\n    ? IncompatibleKeys<SeenState, StateOf<Head>> | IncompatibleStateKeys<Tail, SeenState & StateOf<Head>>\n    : never;\n\nexport type ValidTuple<Behaviors extends readonly BehaviorClass[]>\n    = [DuplicateNames<Behaviors>] extends [never]\n        ? [IncompatibleStateKeys<Behaviors>] extends [never]\n            ? Behaviors extends ValidateRequires<Behaviors>\n                ? Behaviors\n                : ValidateRequires<Behaviors>\n            : readonly IncompatibleState<IncompatibleStateKeys<Behaviors>>[]\n        : readonly DuplicateOperation<DuplicateNames<Behaviors>>[];\n\nexport interface GameEntityType\n{\n    readonly behaviors : readonly BehaviorClass[];\n    readonly prototype : GameEntity;\n}\n\nexport type ComposedOf<Type extends GameEntityType> = Type['prototype'] & {\n    readonly state : StateFor<Type['behaviors']>;\n    readonly ops : OpsFor<Type['behaviors']>;\n};\n\nexport type NarrowedTo<Class extends BehaviorClass> = GameEntity & {\n    readonly state : DeepReadonly<StateSliceOf<Class>>;\n    readonly ops : OpsOf<Class>;\n};\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ntype BehaviorInstance = Behavior<object, object>;\n\ntype OperationTable = Record<PropertyKey, unknown>;\n\ntype EntityConstructor = new (\n    id : string,\n    context : GameSimulationContext,\n    providedState : object,\n    runCreateHooks : boolean,\n    name ?: string\n) => GameEntity;\n\ninterface BehaviorListener\n{\n    instance : BehaviorInstance;\n    exact : string[];\n    patterns : RegExp[];\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// The entity\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport abstract class GameEntity implements Subscriber\n{\n    readonly id : string;\n    readonly name : string;\n    protected readonly context : GameSimulationContext;\n    readonly state : object;\n    readonly ops : object;\n    readonly eventSubscriptions : readonly EventSubscription[];\n\n    static readonly behaviors : readonly BehaviorClass[] = [];\n\n    readonly #instances : BehaviorInstance[] = [];\n    readonly #listeners : BehaviorListener[] = [];\n    readonly #unsubscribe : Unsubscribe;\n\n    #operationDepth = 0;\n    #creationEvents : RawGameEvent[] | undefined;\n\n    static create<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        this : Type & { behaviors : ValidTuple<Type['behaviors']> },\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationContext,\n        state ?: Partial<StateFor<Type['behaviors']>>,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        return GameEntity.#construct(this, id, context, state ?? {}, true, name);\n    }\n\n    static restore<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        this : Type & { behaviors : ValidTuple<Type['behaviors']> },\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationContext,\n        state : StateFor<Type['behaviors']>,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        return GameEntity.#construct(this, id, context, state, false, name);\n    }\n\n    static #construct<Type extends GameEntityType>(\n        type : Type,\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationContext,\n        state : object,\n        runCreateHooks : boolean,\n        name ?: string\n    ) : ComposedOf<Type>\n    {\n        const constructable = type as unknown as EntityConstructor;\n\n        return new constructable(id, context, state, runCreateHooks, name) as ComposedOf<Type>;\n    }\n\n    protected constructor(\n        id : string,\n        context : GameSimulationContext,\n        providedState : object,\n        runCreateHooks : boolean,\n        name ?: string\n    )\n    {\n        this.id = id;\n        this.name = name ?? (new.target as typeof GameEntity).name;\n        this.context = context;\n\n        const behaviorClasses = (new.target as typeof GameEntity).behaviors;\n\n        for(const behaviorClass of behaviorClasses)\n        {\n            this.#instances.push(new behaviorClass());\n        }\n\n        this.state = GameEntity.#composeState(this.#instances, providedState, id);\n\n        const ops = Object.create(null) as OperationTable;\n        this.ops = ops;\n\n        const subscriptions : EventSubscription[] = [];\n\n        for(const [ index, behaviorClass ] of behaviorClasses.entries())\n        {\n            const instance = this.#instances[index];\n\n            if(instance !== undefined)\n            {\n                Object.assign(instance, { state: this.state, ops, entity: this });\n                this.#bindOperations(instance, behaviorClass, ops);\n                this.#bindEvents(instance, behaviorClass, subscriptions);\n            }\n        }\n\n        this.eventSubscriptions = subscriptions;\n        this.#unsubscribe = context.bus.register(this, subscriptions);\n\n        if(runCreateHooks)\n        {\n            this.#runCreateHooks();\n        }\n    }\n\n    hasBehavior<Class extends BehaviorClass>(behaviorClass : Class) : this is NarrowedTo<Class>\n    {\n        for(const instance of this.#instances)\n        {\n            if(instance instanceof behaviorClass)\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    getEntity(id : string) : GameEntity | undefined\n    {\n        return this.context.getEntity(id);\n    }\n\n    emit<Type extends keyof EventMap & string>(type : Type, payload : EventMap[Type], targetID ?: string) : void\n    {\n        const event : RawGameEvent = { type, senderID: this.id, targetID, payload };\n\n        if(this.#creationEvents !== undefined)\n        {\n            this.#creationEvents.push(event);\n            return;\n        }\n\n        this.context.bus.emit(event as GameEvent);\n    }\n\n    update(dt : number) : void\n    {\n        for(const instance of this.#instances)\n        {\n            instance.onUpdate?.(dt);\n        }\n    }\n\n    receive(event : GameEvent) : boolean\n    {\n        const raw = event as RawGameEvent;\n\n        for(const listener of this.#listeners)\n        {\n            if(GameEntity.#matches(listener, raw.type) && listener.instance.onEvent?.(event) === true)\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    destroy() : void\n    {\n        this.#unsubscribe();\n    }\n\n    // A copy, so an override reads the attachment order without reaching the list the entity dispatches from.\n    protected attachedBehaviors() : readonly BehaviorInstance[]\n    {\n        return [ ...this.#instances ];\n    }\n\n    #bindOperations(instance : BehaviorInstance, behaviorClass : BehaviorClass, ops : OperationTable) : void\n    {\n        for(const name of behaviorClass.ops ?? [])\n        {\n            if(Object.hasOwn(ops, name))\n            {\n                throw new Error(`Two behaviors on entity \"${ this.id }\" expose the operation \"${ String(name) }\".`);\n            }\n\n            const method = (instance as unknown as OperationTable)[name];\n\n            if(typeof method !== 'function')\n            {\n                throw new Error(\n                    `Behavior \"${ behaviorClass.name }\" declares the operation \"${ String(name) }\" `\n                    + 'with no method behind it.'\n                );\n            }\n\n            ops[name] = this.#guardedOperation(name, method as (...args : unknown[]) => unknown, instance);\n        }\n    }\n\n    #bindEvents(\n        instance : BehaviorInstance,\n        behaviorClass : BehaviorClass,\n        subscriptions : EventSubscription[]\n    ) : void\n    {\n        const exact : string[] = [];\n        const patterns : RegExp[] = [];\n\n        for(const subscription of behaviorClass.events ?? [])\n        {\n            const name : string = subscription;\n\n            if(name.endsWith(':*'))\n            {\n                patterns.push(compileEventPattern(name));\n            }\n            else\n            {\n                exact.push(name);\n            }\n\n            if(!subscriptions.includes(subscription))\n            {\n                subscriptions.push(subscription);\n            }\n        }\n\n        if(exact.length > 0 || patterns.length > 0)\n        {\n            this.#listeners.push({ instance, exact, patterns });\n        }\n    }\n\n    #guardedOperation(\n        name : PropertyKey,\n        method : (...args : unknown[]) => unknown,\n        instance : BehaviorInstance\n    ) : (...args : unknown[]) => unknown\n    {\n        return (...args : unknown[]) : unknown =>\n        {\n            this.#operationDepth += 1;\n\n            try\n            {\n                if(this.#operationDepth > operationCallDepthLimit)\n                {\n                    throw new RangeError(\n                        `Operation \"${ String(name) }\" on entity \"${ this.id }\" ran deeper than the operation `\n                        + `call depth limit of ${ operationCallDepthLimit }.`\n                    );\n                }\n\n                return method.apply(instance, args);\n            }\n            finally\n            {\n                this.#operationDepth -= 1;\n            }\n        };\n    }\n\n    // The hooks emit into a held list rather than onto the queue, so a hook that throws leaves the bus as it found it.\n    #runCreateHooks() : void\n    {\n        this.#creationEvents = [];\n\n        try\n        {\n            for(const instance of this.#instances)\n            {\n                instance.onCreate?.();\n            }\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            this.#creationEvents = undefined;\n            this.#unsubscribe();\n            throw error;\n        }\n\n        const held = this.#creationEvents;\n        this.#creationEvents = undefined;\n\n        for(const event of held)\n        {\n            this.context.bus.emit(event as GameEvent);\n        }\n    }\n\n    static #composeState(instances : readonly BehaviorInstance[], providedState : object, id : string) : StateBag\n    {\n        const state = Object.create(null) as StateBag;\n        state['tags'] = [];\n\n        for(const instance of instances)\n        {\n            Object.assign(state, copyStateBag(instance.defaults as StateBag, id));\n        }\n\n        Object.assign(state, copyStateBag(providedState as StateBag, id));\n        GameEntity.#checkTags(state, id);\n\n        return state;\n    }\n\n    static #checkTags(state : StateBag, id : string) : void\n    {\n        const tags = state['tags'];\n\n        if(!Array.isArray(tags))\n        {\n            throw new TypeError(`Entity \"${ id }\" tags must be a list of strings.`);\n        }\n\n        const seen : string[] = [];\n\n        for(const tag of tags)\n        {\n            if(typeof tag !== 'string')\n            {\n                throw new TypeError(`Entity \"${ id }\" tags must be a list of strings.`);\n            }\n\n            if(seen.includes(tag))\n            {\n                throw new Error(`Entity \"${ id }\" carries the tag \"${ tag }\" more than once.`);\n            }\n\n            seen.push(tag);\n        }\n    }\n\n    static #matches(listener : BehaviorListener, type : string) : boolean\n    {\n        if(listener.exact.includes(type))\n        {\n            return true;\n        }\n\n        for(const pattern of listener.patterns)\n        {\n            if(pattern.test(type))\n            {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n","//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Simulation Manager\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nimport { dilationLimit } from './constants.ts';\nimport { EventBus } from './eventBus.ts';\nimport {\n    type GameEntity, type GameEntityState, type GameEntityType, type StateBag, copyStateBag,\n} from './gameEntity.ts';\n\nimport type { GameSimulationContext } from './simulationContext.ts';\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport interface GameEntitySnapshot\n{\n    id : string;\n    name : string;\n    state : StateBag;\n}\n\nexport interface GameSimulationSnapshot\n{\n    tick : number;\n    idCounter : number;\n    entities : GameEntitySnapshot[];\n}\n\nexport type IDAllocator = () => string;\n\nexport interface GameSimulationOptions\n{\n    fixedStepDuration : number;\n    entityClasses : Readonly<Record<string, GameEntityType>>;\n    allocator ?: IDAllocator;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\ninterface ConstructableEntityClass extends GameEntityType\n{\n    create(id : string, context : GameSimulationContext, state ?: StateBag, name ?: string) : GameEntity;\n    restore(id : string, context : GameSimulationContext, state : StateBag, name ?: string) : GameEntity;\n}\n\n//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nexport class GameSimulationManager implements GameSimulationContext\n{\n    readonly #bus = new EventBus();\n    readonly #fixedStepDuration : number;\n    readonly #entityClasses : Readonly<Record<string, GameEntityType>>;\n    readonly #allocator : IDAllocator | undefined;\n\n    #tick = 0;\n    #idCounter = 0;\n    #accumulator = 0;\n    #entries : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n    constructor(options : GameSimulationOptions)\n    {\n        this.#fixedStepDuration = options.fixedStepDuration;\n        this.#entityClasses = options.entityClasses;\n        this.#allocator = options.allocator;\n\n        if(!Number.isFinite(this.#fixedStepDuration) || this.#fixedStepDuration <= 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError('A fixed step duration must be a finite number greater than zero.');\n        }\n    }\n\n    get bus() : EventBus\n    {\n        return this.#bus;\n    }\n\n    get tick() : number\n    {\n        return this.#tick;\n    }\n\n    get entities() : readonly GameEntity[]\n    {\n        return [ ...this.#entries ];\n    }\n\n    spawn(name : string, id ?: string, state ?: StateBag) : GameEntity\n    {\n        const entityClass = this.#entityClass(name);\n\n        let entityID = id;\n\n        if(entityID === undefined)\n        {\n            entityID = this.#mintID();\n        }\n\n        if(this.getEntity(entityID) !== undefined)\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The simulation already holds an entity under the ID \"${ entityID }\".`);\n        }\n\n        const entity = entityClass.create(entityID, this, state ?? {}, name);\n        this.#entries.push(entity);\n\n        return entity;\n    }\n\n    despawn(id : string) : void\n    {\n        const index = this.#entries.findIndex((entity) => entity.id === id);\n\n        if(index < 0)\n        {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        const entity = this.#entries[index];\n\n        if(entity !== undefined)\n        {\n            entity.destroy();\n            this.#entries.splice(index, 1);\n        }\n    }\n\n    getEntity(id : string) : GameEntity | undefined\n    {\n        return this.#entries.find((entity) => entity.id === id);\n    }\n\n    getEntitiesByTag(tag : string) : readonly GameEntity[]\n    {\n        const found : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            if(GameSimulationManager.#entityState(entity).tags.includes(tag))\n            {\n                found.push(entity);\n            }\n        }\n\n        return found;\n    }\n\n    runStepsForElapsedTime(elapsed : number) : void\n    {\n        if(!Number.isFinite(elapsed) || elapsed < 0)\n        {\n            throw new RangeError('Elapsed time must be a finite number of zero or more.');\n        }\n\n        this.#accumulator += elapsed;\n\n        let steps = 0;\n\n        while(this.#owesAFixedStep() && steps < dilationLimit)\n        {\n            this.#runFixedStep();\n            steps += 1;\n        }\n\n        // Chronic overrun degrades into simulation time running slower than wall clock: the whole intervals still owed\n        // are dropped and only the fraction is carried.\n        if(steps === dilationLimit && this.#owesAFixedStep())\n        {\n            this.#accumulator %= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n        }\n    }\n\n    snapshot() : GameSimulationSnapshot\n    {\n        const entities : GameEntitySnapshot[] = [];\n\n        for(const entity of this.#entries)\n        {\n            entities.push({\n                id: entity.id,\n                name: entity.name,\n                state: copyStateBag(entity.state as StateBag, entity.id),\n            });\n        }\n\n        return { tick: this.#tick, idCounter: this.#idCounter, entities };\n    }\n\n    fromSnapshot(snapshot : GameSimulationSnapshot) : GameSimulationManager\n    {\n        const restored = this.buildReplacementSimulation({\n            fixedStepDuration: this.#fixedStepDuration,\n            entityClasses: this.#entityClasses,\n            allocator: this.#allocator,\n        });\n\n        restored.#load(snapshot);\n\n        return restored;\n    }\n\n    protected buildReplacementSimulation(options : GameSimulationOptions) : GameSimulationManager\n    {\n        return new GameSimulationManager(options);\n    }\n\n    #load(snapshot : GameSimulationSnapshot) : void\n    {\n        const entries : GameEntity[] = [];\n\n        try\n        {\n            for(const row of snapshot.entities)\n            {\n                const entityClass = this.#entityClass(row.name);\n                const entity = entityClass.restore(row.id, this, row.state, row.name);\n                entries.push(entity);\n            }\n        }\n        catch(error)\n        {\n            for(const entity of entries)\n            {\n                entity.destroy();\n            }\n\n            throw error;\n        }\n\n        this.#entries = entries;\n        this.#tick = snapshot.tick;\n        this.#idCounter = snapshot.idCounter;\n    }\n\n    // The accumulator holds a sum of binary floating point values, which lands a few units in the last place short of\n    // the interval the caller meant; without the epsilon three calls of a third of a step run no step at all.\n    #owesAFixedStep() : boolean\n    {\n        return this.#accumulator + Number.EPSILON >= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n    }\n\n    #runFixedStep() : void\n    {\n        for(const entity of [ ...this.#entries ])\n        {\n            entity.update(this.#fixedStepDuration);\n        }\n\n        // The step ran, so the tick and the accumulator settle whether or not the drain raised.\n        try\n        {\n            this.#bus.drain();\n        }\n        finally\n        {\n            this.#accumulator -= this.#fixedStepDuration;\n\n            if(Math.abs(this.#accumulator) <= Number.EPSILON)\n            {\n                this.#accumulator = 0;\n            }\n\n            this.#tick += 1;\n        }\n    }\n\n    #mintID() : string\n    {\n        if(this.#allocator !== undefined)\n        {\n            return this.#allocator();\n        }\n\n        this.#idCounter += 1;\n\n        return `entity-${ this.#idCounter }`;\n    }\n\n    #entityClass(name : string) : ConstructableEntityClass\n    {\n        const entityClass = this.#entityClasses[name];\n\n        if(entityClass === undefined)\n        {\n            throw new Error(`The entity class table holds no class named \"${ name }\".`);\n        }\n\n        return entityClass as ConstructableEntityClass;\n    }\n\n    // Every entity carries the tags field whatever its behaviors declare, so the query reads it straight.\n    static #entityState(entity : GameEntity) : GameEntityState\n    {\n        return entity.state as GameEntityState;\n    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package/dist/stateMachineBehavior.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import { Behavior } from "./behavior.d.ts";
+export interface StateDefinition<Machine, States extends string> {
+    enter?(this: Machine, from: States): void;
+    exit?(this: Machine, to: States): void;
+    update?(this: Machine, dt: number): void;
+}
+export declare function defineStates<Machine, States extends string>(_machine: Machine, states: Record<States, StateDefinition<Machine, States>>): Record<States, StateDefinition<Machine, States>>;
+export declare abstract class StateMachineBehavior<OwnState extends {
+    currentState: string;
+}, Requires extends object = object> extends Behavior<OwnState, Requires> {
+    static readonly ops: readonly ["transitionTo"];
+    abstract readonly states: Record<OwnState['currentState'], StateDefinition<this, OwnState['currentState']>>;
+    onUpdate(dt: number): void;
+    transitionTo(to: OwnState['currentState']): void;
+}

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@skewedaspect/sage-core",
-  "version": "0.10.0-beta.1",
+  "version": "0.10.0-beta.2",
   "type": "module",
   "main": "dist/sage-core.js",
   "module": "dist/sage-core.js",