@siteed/expo-audio-stream 1.0.3 → 1.0.5

package/src/utils/BlobFix.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+/*
+ * There is a bug where `navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia` + `MediaRecorder`
+ * creates WEBM files without duration metadata. See:
+ * - https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=642012
+ * - https://stackoverflow.com/a/39971175/13989043
+ *
+ * This file contains a function that fixes the duration metadata of a WEBM file.
+ *  - Answer found: https://stackoverflow.com/a/75218309/13989043
+ *  - Code adapted from: https://github.com/mat-sz/webm-fix-duration
+ *    (forked from https://github.com/yusitnikov/fix-webm-duration)
+ */
+
+/*
+ * This is the list of possible WEBM file sections by their IDs.
+ * Possible types: Container, Binary, Uint, Int, String, Float, Date
+ */
+interface Section {
+    name: string;
+    type: string;
+}
+
+const sections: Record<number, Section> = {
+    0xa45dfa3: { name: "EBML", type: "Container" },
+    0x286: { name: "EBMLVersion", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2f7: { name: "EBMLReadVersion", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2f2: { name: "EBMLMaxIDLength", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2f3: { name: "EBMLMaxSizeLength", type: "Uint" },
+    0x282: { name: "DocType", type: "String" },
+    0x287: { name: "DocTypeVersion", type: "Uint" },
+    0x285: { name: "DocTypeReadVersion", type: "Uint" },
+    0x6c: { name: "Void", type: "Binary" },
+    0x3f: { name: "CRC-32", type: "Binary" },
+    0xb538667: { name: "SignatureSlot", type: "Container" },
+    0x3e8a: { name: "SignatureAlgo", type: "Uint" },
+    0x3e9a: { name: "SignatureHash", type: "Uint" },
+    0x3ea5: { name: "SignaturePublicKey", type: "Binary" },
+    0x3eb5: { name: "Signature", type: "Binary" },
+    0x3e5b: { name: "SignatureElements", type: "Container" },
+    0x3e7b: { name: "SignatureElementList", type: "Container" },
+    0x2532: { name: "SignedElement", type: "Binary" },
+    0x8538067: { name: "Segment", type: "Container" },
+    0x14d9b74: { name: "SeekHead", type: "Container" },
+    0xdbb: { name: "Seek", type: "Container" },
+    0x13ab: { name: "SeekID", type: "Binary" },
+    0x13ac: { name: "SeekPosition", type: "Uint" },
+    0x549a966: { name: "Info", type: "Container" },
+    0x33a4: { name: "SegmentUID", type: "Binary" },
+    0x3384: { name: "SegmentFilename", type: "String" },
+    0x1cb923: { name: "PrevUID", type: "Binary" },
+    0x1c83ab: { name: "PrevFilename", type: "String" },
+    0x1eb923: { name: "NextUID", type: "Binary" },
+    0x1e83bb: { name: "NextFilename", type: "String" },
+    0x444: { name: "SegmentFamily", type: "Binary" },
+    0x2924: { name: "ChapterTranslate", type: "Container" },
+    0x29fc: { name: "ChapterTranslateEditionUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x29bf: { name: "ChapterTranslateCodec", type: "Uint" },
+    0x29a5: { name: "ChapterTranslateID", type: "Binary" },
+    0xad7b1: { name: "TimecodeScale", type: "Uint" },
+    0x489: { name: "Duration", type: "Float" },
+    0x461: { name: "DateUTC", type: "Date" },
+    0x3ba9: { name: "Title", type: "String" },
+    0xd80: { name: "MuxingApp", type: "String" },
+    0x1741: { name: "WritingApp", type: "String" },
+    // 0xf43b675: { name: 'Cluster', type: 'Container' },
+    0x67: { name: "Timecode", type: "Uint" },
+    0x1854: { name: "SilentTracks", type: "Container" },
+    0x18d7: { name: "SilentTrackNumber", type: "Uint" },
+    0x27: { name: "Position", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2b: { name: "PrevSize", type: "Uint" },
+    0x23: { name: "SimpleBlock", type: "Binary" },
+    0x20: { name: "BlockGroup", type: "Container" },
+    0x21: { name: "Block", type: "Binary" },
+    0x22: { name: "BlockVirtual", type: "Binary" },
+    0x35a1: { name: "BlockAdditions", type: "Container" },
+    0x26: { name: "BlockMore", type: "Container" },
+    0x6e: { name: "BlockAddID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x25: { name: "BlockAdditional", type: "Binary" },
+    0x1b: { name: "BlockDuration", type: "Uint" },
+    0x7a: { name: "ReferencePriority", type: "Uint" },
+    0x7b: { name: "ReferenceBlock", type: "Int" },
+    0x7d: { name: "ReferenceVirtual", type: "Int" },
+    0x24: { name: "CodecState", type: "Binary" },
+    0x35a2: { name: "DiscardPadding", type: "Int" },
+    0xe: { name: "Slices", type: "Container" },
+    0x68: { name: "TimeSlice", type: "Container" },
+    0x4c: { name: "LaceNumber", type: "Uint" },
+    0x4d: { name: "FrameNumber", type: "Uint" },
+    0x4b: { name: "BlockAdditionID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x4e: { name: "Delay", type: "Uint" },
+    0x4f: { name: "SliceDuration", type: "Uint" },
+    0x48: { name: "ReferenceFrame", type: "Container" },
+    0x49: { name: "ReferenceOffset", type: "Uint" },
+    0x4a: { name: "ReferenceTimeCode", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2f: { name: "EncryptedBlock", type: "Binary" },
+    0x654ae6b: { name: "Tracks", type: "Container" },
+    0x2e: { name: "TrackEntry", type: "Container" },
+    0x57: { name: "TrackNumber", type: "Uint" },
+    0x33c5: { name: "TrackUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x3: { name: "TrackType", type: "Uint" },
+    0x39: { name: "FlagEnabled", type: "Uint" },
+    0x8: { name: "FlagDefault", type: "Uint" },
+    0x15aa: { name: "FlagForced", type: "Uint" },
+    0x1c: { name: "FlagLacing", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2de7: { name: "MinCache", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2df8: { name: "MaxCache", type: "Uint" },
+    0x3e383: { name: "DefaultDuration", type: "Uint" },
+    0x34e7a: { name: "DefaultDecodedFieldDuration", type: "Uint" },
+    0x3314f: { name: "TrackTimecodeScale", type: "Float" },
+    0x137f: { name: "TrackOffset", type: "Int" },
+    0x15ee: { name: "MaxBlockAdditionID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x136e: { name: "Name", type: "String" },
+    0x2b59c: { name: "Language", type: "String" },
+    0x6: { name: "CodecID", type: "String" },
+    0x23a2: { name: "CodecPrivate", type: "Binary" },
+    0x58688: { name: "CodecName", type: "String" },
+    0x3446: { name: "AttachmentLink", type: "Uint" },
+    0x1a9697: { name: "CodecSettings", type: "String" },
+    0x1b4040: { name: "CodecInfoURL", type: "String" },
+    0x6b240: { name: "CodecDownloadURL", type: "String" },
+    0x2a: { name: "CodecDecodeAll", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2fab: { name: "TrackOverlay", type: "Uint" },
+    0x16aa: { name: "CodecDelay", type: "Uint" },
+    0x16bb: { name: "SeekPreRoll", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2624: { name: "TrackTranslate", type: "Container" },
+    0x26fc: { name: "TrackTranslateEditionUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x26bf: { name: "TrackTranslateCodec", type: "Uint" },
+    0x26a5: { name: "TrackTranslateTrackID", type: "Binary" },
+    0x60: { name: "Video", type: "Container" },
+    0x1a: { name: "FlagInterlaced", type: "Uint" },
+    0x13b8: { name: "StereoMode", type: "Uint" },
+    0x13c0: { name: "AlphaMode", type: "Uint" },
+    0x13b9: { name: "OldStereoMode", type: "Uint" },
+    0x30: { name: "PixelWidth", type: "Uint" },
+    0x3a: { name: "PixelHeight", type: "Uint" },
+    0x14aa: { name: "PixelCropBottom", type: "Uint" },
+    0x14bb: { name: "PixelCropTop", type: "Uint" },
+    0x14cc: { name: "PixelCropLeft", type: "Uint" },
+    0x14dd: { name: "PixelCropRight", type: "Uint" },
+    0x14b0: { name: "DisplayWidth", type: "Uint" },
+    0x14ba: { name: "DisplayHeight", type: "Uint" },
+    0x14b2: { name: "DisplayUnit", type: "Uint" },
+    0x14b3: { name: "AspectRatioType", type: "Uint" },
+    0xeb524: { name: "ColourSpace", type: "Binary" },
+    0xfb523: { name: "GammaValue", type: "Float" },
+    0x383e3: { name: "FrameRate", type: "Float" },
+    0x61: { name: "Audio", type: "Container" },
+    0x35: { name: "SamplingFrequency", type: "Float" },
+    0x38b5: { name: "OutputSamplingFrequency", type: "Float" },
+    0x1f: { name: "Channels", type: "Uint" },
+    0x3d7b: { name: "ChannelPositions", type: "Binary" },
+    0x2264: { name: "BitDepth", type: "Uint" },
+    0x62: { name: "TrackOperation", type: "Container" },
+    0x63: { name: "TrackCombinePlanes", type: "Container" },
+    0x64: { name: "TrackPlane", type: "Container" },
+    0x65: { name: "TrackPlaneUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x66: { name: "TrackPlaneType", type: "Uint" },
+    0x69: { name: "TrackJoinBlocks", type: "Container" },
+    0x6d: { name: "TrackJoinUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x40: { name: "TrickTrackUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x41: { name: "TrickTrackSegmentUID", type: "Binary" },
+    0x46: { name: "TrickTrackFlag", type: "Uint" },
+    0x47: { name: "TrickMasterTrackUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x44: { name: "TrickMasterTrackSegmentUID", type: "Binary" },
+    0x2d80: { name: "ContentEncodings", type: "Container" },
+    0x2240: { name: "ContentEncoding", type: "Container" },
+    0x1031: { name: "ContentEncodingOrder", type: "Uint" },
+    0x1032: { name: "ContentEncodingScope", type: "Uint" },
+    0x1033: { name: "ContentEncodingType", type: "Uint" },
+    0x1034: { name: "ContentCompression", type: "Container" },
+    0x254: { name: "ContentCompAlgo", type: "Uint" },
+    0x255: { name: "ContentCompSettings", type: "Binary" },
+    0x1035: { name: "ContentEncryption", type: "Container" },
+    0x7e1: { name: "ContentEncAlgo", type: "Uint" },
+    0x7e2: { name: "ContentEncKeyID", type: "Binary" },
+    0x7e3: { name: "ContentSignature", type: "Binary" },
+    0x7e4: { name: "ContentSigKeyID", type: "Binary" },
+    0x7e5: { name: "ContentSigAlgo", type: "Uint" },
+    0x7e6: { name: "ContentSigHashAlgo", type: "Uint" },
+    0xc53bb6b: { name: "Cues", type: "Container" },
+    0x3b: { name: "CuePoint", type: "Container" },
+    0x33: { name: "CueTime", type: "Uint" },
+    0x37: { name: "CueTrackPositions", type: "Container" },
+    0x77: { name: "CueTrack", type: "Uint" },
+    0x71: { name: "CueClusterPosition", type: "Uint" },
+    0x70: { name: "CueRelativePosition", type: "Uint" },
+    0x32: { name: "CueDuration", type: "Uint" },
+    0x1378: { name: "CueBlockNumber", type: "Uint" },
+    0x6a: { name: "CueCodecState", type: "Uint" },
+    0x5b: { name: "CueReference", type: "Container" },
+    0x16: { name: "CueRefTime", type: "Uint" },
+    0x17: { name: "CueRefCluster", type: "Uint" },
+    0x135f: { name: "CueRefNumber", type: "Uint" },
+    0x6b: { name: "CueRefCodecState", type: "Uint" },
+    0x941a469: { name: "Attachments", type: "Container" },
+    0x21a7: { name: "AttachedFile", type: "Container" },
+    0x67e: { name: "FileDescription", type: "String" },
+    0x66e: { name: "FileName", type: "String" },
+    0x660: { name: "FileMimeType", type: "String" },
+    0x65c: { name: "FileData", type: "Binary" },
+    0x6ae: { name: "FileUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x675: { name: "FileReferral", type: "Binary" },
+    0x661: { name: "FileUsedStartTime", type: "Uint" },
+    0x662: { name: "FileUsedEndTime", type: "Uint" },
+    0x43a770: { name: "Chapters", type: "Container" },
+    0x5b9: { name: "EditionEntry", type: "Container" },
+    0x5bc: { name: "EditionUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x5bd: { name: "EditionFlagHidden", type: "Uint" },
+    0x5db: { name: "EditionFlagDefault", type: "Uint" },
+    0x5dd: { name: "EditionFlagOrdered", type: "Uint" },
+    0x36: { name: "ChapterAtom", type: "Container" },
+    0x33c4: { name: "ChapterUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x1654: { name: "ChapterStringUID", type: "String" },
+    0x11: { name: "ChapterTimeStart", type: "Uint" },
+    0x12: { name: "ChapterTimeEnd", type: "Uint" },
+    0x18: { name: "ChapterFlagHidden", type: "Uint" },
+    0x598: { name: "ChapterFlagEnabled", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2e67: { name: "ChapterSegmentUID", type: "Binary" },
+    0x2ebc: { name: "ChapterSegmentEditionUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x23c3: { name: "ChapterPhysicalEquiv", type: "Uint" },
+    0xf: { name: "ChapterTrack", type: "Container" },
+    0x9: { name: "ChapterTrackNumber", type: "Uint" },
+    0x0: { name: "ChapterDisplay", type: "Container" },
+    0x5: { name: "ChapString", type: "String" },
+    0x37c: { name: "ChapLanguage", type: "String" },
+    0x37e: { name: "ChapCountry", type: "String" },
+    0x2944: { name: "ChapProcess", type: "Container" },
+    0x2955: { name: "ChapProcessCodecID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x50d: { name: "ChapProcessPrivate", type: "Binary" },
+    0x2911: { name: "ChapProcessCommand", type: "Container" },
+    0x2922: { name: "ChapProcessTime", type: "Uint" },
+    0x2933: { name: "ChapProcessData", type: "Binary" },
+    0x254c367: { name: "Tags", type: "Container" },
+    0x3373: { name: "Tag", type: "Container" },
+    0x23c0: { name: "Targets", type: "Container" },
+    0x28ca: { name: "TargetTypeValue", type: "Uint" },
+    0x23ca: { name: "TargetType", type: "String" },
+    0x23c5: { name: "TagTrackUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x23c9: { name: "TagEditionUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x23c4: { name: "TagChapterUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x23c6: { name: "TagAttachmentUID", type: "Uint" },
+    0x27c8: { name: "SimpleTag", type: "Container" },
+    0x5a3: { name: "TagName", type: "String" },
+    0x47a: { name: "TagLanguage", type: "String" },
+    0x484: { name: "TagDefault", type: "Uint" },
+    0x487: { name: "TagString", type: "String" },
+    0x485: { name: "TagBinary", type: "Binary" },
+};
+
+class WebmBase<T> {
+    source?: Uint8Array;
+    data?: T;
+
+    constructor(private name = "Unknown", private type = "Unknown") {}
+
+    updateBySource() {}
+
+    setSource(source: Uint8Array) {
+        this.source = source;
+        this.updateBySource();
+    }
+
+    updateByData() {}
+
+    setData(data: T) {
+        this.data = data;
+        this.updateByData();
+    }
+}
+
+class WebmUint extends WebmBase<string> {
+    constructor(name: string, type: string) {
+        super(name, type || "Uint");
+    }
+
+    updateBySource() {
+        // use hex representation of a number instead of number value
+        this.data = "";
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.source!.length; i++) {
+            const hex = this.source![i].toString(16);
+            this.data += padHex(hex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    updateByData() {
+        const length = this.data!.length / 2;
+        this.source = new Uint8Array(length);
+        for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            const hex = this.data!.substr(i * 2, 2);
+            this.source[i] = parseInt(hex, 16);
+        }
+    }
+
+    getValue() {
+        return parseInt(this.data!, 16);
+    }
+
+    setValue(value: number) {
+        this.setData(padHex(value.toString(16)));
+    }
+}
+
+function padHex(hex: string) {
+    return hex.length % 2 === 1 ? "0" + hex : hex;
+}
+
+class WebmFloat extends WebmBase<number> {
+    constructor(name: string, type: string) {
+        super(name, type || "Float");
+    }
+
+    getFloatArrayType() {
+        return this.source && this.source.length === 4
+            ? Float32Array
+            : Float64Array;
+    }
+    updateBySource() {
+        const byteArray = this.source!.reverse();
+        const floatArrayType = this.getFloatArrayType();
+        const floatArray = new floatArrayType(byteArray.buffer);
+        this.data! = floatArray[0];
+    }
+    updateByData() {
+        const floatArrayType = this.getFloatArrayType();
+        const floatArray = new floatArrayType([this.data!]);
+        const byteArray = new Uint8Array(floatArray.buffer);
+        this.source = byteArray.reverse();
+    }
+    getValue() {
+        return this.data;
+    }
+    setValue(value: number) {
+        this.setData(value);
+    }
+}
+
+interface ContainerData {
+    id: number;
+    idHex?: string;
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    data: WebmBase<any>;
+}
+
+class WebmContainer extends WebmBase<ContainerData[]> {
+    offset: number = 0;
+    data: ContainerData[] = [];
+
+    constructor(name: string, type: string) {
+        super(name, type || "Container");
+    }
+
+    readByte() {
+        return this.source![this.offset++];
+    }
+    readUint() {
+        const firstByte = this.readByte();
+        const bytes = 8 - firstByte.toString(2).length;
+        let value = firstByte - (1 << (7 - bytes));
+        for (let i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
+            // don't use bit operators to support x86
+            value *= 256;
+            value += this.readByte();
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+    updateBySource() {
+        let end: number | undefined = undefined;
+        this.data = [];
+        for (
+            this.offset = 0;
+            this.offset < this.source!.length;
+            this.offset = end
+        ) {
+            const id = this.readUint();
+            const len = this.readUint();
+            end = Math.min(this.offset + len, this.source!.length);
+            const data = this.source!.slice(this.offset, end);
+
+            const info = sections[id] || { name: "Unknown", type: "Unknown" };
+            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+            let ctr: any = WebmBase;
+            switch (info.type) {
+                case "Container":
+                    ctr = WebmContainer;
+                    break;
+                case "Uint":
+                    ctr = WebmUint;
+                    break;
+                case "Float":
+                    ctr = WebmFloat;
+                    break;
+            }
+            const section = new ctr(info.name, info.type);
+            section.setSource(data);
+            this.data.push({
+                id: id,
+                idHex: id.toString(16),
+                data: section,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    writeUint(x: number, draft = false) {
+        let flag = 0x80;
+        let bytes = 1;
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-empty
+        for (; x >= flag && bytes < 8; bytes++, flag *= 0x80) {}
+
+        if (!draft) {
+            let value = flag + x;
+            for (let i = bytes - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                // don't use bit operators to support x86
+                const c = value % 256;
+                this.source![this.offset! + i] = c;
+                value = (value - c) / 256;
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.offset += bytes;
+    }
+
+    writeSections(draft = false) {
+        this.offset = 0;
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.data.length; i++) {
+            const section = this.data[i],
+                content = section.data.source,
+                contentLength = content!.length;
+            this.writeUint(section.id, draft);
+            this.writeUint(contentLength, draft);
+            if (!draft) {
+                this.source!.set(content!, this.offset);
+            }
+            this.offset += contentLength;
+        }
+        return this.offset;
+    }
+
+    updateByData() {
+        // run without accessing this.source to determine total length - need to know it to create Uint8Array
+        const length = this.writeSections(true);
+        this.source = new Uint8Array(length);
+        // now really write data
+        this.writeSections();
+    }
+
+    getSectionById(id: number) {
+        for (let i = 0; i < this.data.length; i++) {
+            const section = this.data[i];
+            if (section.id === id) {
+                return section.data;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return undefined;
+    }
+}
+
+class WebmFile extends WebmContainer {
+    constructor(source: Uint8Array) {
+        super("File", "File");
+        this.setSource(source);
+    }
+
+    fixDuration(duration: number) {
+        const segmentSection = this.getSectionById(0x8538067) as WebmContainer;
+        if (!segmentSection) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const infoSection = segmentSection.getSectionById(
+            0x549a966,
+        ) as WebmContainer;
+        if (!infoSection) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const timeScaleSection = infoSection.getSectionById(
+            0xad7b1,
+        ) as WebmFloat;
+        if (!timeScaleSection) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        let durationSection = infoSection.getSectionById(0x489) as WebmFloat;
+        if (durationSection) {
+            if (durationSection.getValue()! <= 0) {
+                durationSection.setValue(duration);
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // append Duration section
+            durationSection = new WebmFloat("Duration", "Float");
+            durationSection.setValue(duration);
+            infoSection.data.push({
+                id: 0x489,
+                data: durationSection,
+            });
+        }
+
+        // set default time scale to 1 millisecond (1000000 nanoseconds)
+        timeScaleSection.setValue(1000000);
+        infoSection.updateByData();
+        segmentSection.updateByData();
+        this.updateByData();
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    toBlob(type = "video/webm") {
+        return new Blob([this.source!.buffer], { type });
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fixes duration on MediaRecorder output.
+ * @param blob Input Blob with incorrect duration.
+ * @param duration Correct duration (in milliseconds).
+ * @param type Output blob mimetype (default: video/webm).
+ * @returns
+ */
+export const webmFixDuration = (
+    blob: Blob,
+    duration: number,
+    type = "video/webm",
+): Promise<Blob> => {
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        try {
+            const reader = new FileReader();
+
+            reader.addEventListener("loadend", () => {
+                try {
+                    const result = reader.result as ArrayBuffer;
+                    const file = new WebmFile(new Uint8Array(result));
+                    if (file.fixDuration(duration)) {
+                        resolve(file.toBlob(type));
+                    } else {
+                        resolve(blob);
+                    }
+                } catch (ex) {
+                    reject(ex);
+                }
+            });
+
+            reader.addEventListener("error", () => reject());
+
+            reader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);
+        } catch (ex) {
+            reject(ex);
+        }
+    });
+};

package/src/utils/concatenateBuffers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Concatenates an array of ArrayBuffers into a single ArrayBuffer.
+ *
+ * @param buffers - An array of ArrayBuffers to be concatenated.
+ * @returns A single ArrayBuffer containing the concatenated data.
+ */
+export const concatenateBuffers = (buffers: ArrayBuffer[]): ArrayBuffer => {
+    // Filter out any undefined or null buffers
+    const validBuffers = buffers.filter((buffer) => buffer)
+    const totalLength = validBuffers.reduce(
+        (sum, buffer) => sum + buffer.byteLength,
+        0
+    )
+    // Create a new Uint8Array to hold the concatenated result
+    const result = new Uint8Array(totalLength)
+    // Offset to keep track of the current position in the result array
+    let offset = 0
+
+    for (const buffer of validBuffers) {
+        result.set(new Uint8Array(buffer), offset)
+        offset += buffer.byteLength
+    }
+    return result.buffer
+}