@shitiandmw/node-pty 1.1.0-agent.0

package/deps/winpty/src/shared/GenRandom.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016 Ryan Prichard
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+// IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "GenRandom.h"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "DebugClient.h"
+#include "StringBuilder.h"
+
+static volatile LONG g_pipeCounter;
+
+GenRandom::GenRandom() : m_advapi32(L"advapi32.dll") {
+    // First try to use the pseudo-documented RtlGenRandom function from
+    // advapi32.dll.  Creating a CryptoAPI context is slow, and RtlGenRandom
+    // avoids the overhead.  It's documented in this blog post[1] and on
+    // MSDN[2] with a disclaimer about future breakage.  This technique is
+    // apparently built-in into the MSVC CRT, though, for the rand_s function,
+    // so perhaps it is stable enough.
+    //
+    // [1] http://blogs.msdn.com/b/michael_howard/archive/2005/01/14/353379.aspx
+    // [2] https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa387694(v=vs.85).aspx
+    //
+    // Both RtlGenRandom and the Crypto API functions exist in XP and up.
+    m_rtlGenRandom = reinterpret_cast<RtlGenRandom_t*>(
+        m_advapi32.proc("SystemFunction036"));
+    // The OsModule class logs an error message if the proc is nullptr.
+    if (m_rtlGenRandom != nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Fall back to the crypto API.
+    m_cryptProvIsValid =
+        CryptAcquireContext(&m_cryptProv, nullptr, nullptr,
+                            PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT) != 0;
+    if (!m_cryptProvIsValid) {
+        trace("GenRandom: CryptAcquireContext failed: %u",
+            static_cast<unsigned>(GetLastError()));
+    }
+}
+
+GenRandom::~GenRandom() {
+    if (m_cryptProvIsValid) {
+        CryptReleaseContext(m_cryptProv, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+// Returns false if the context is invalid or the generation fails.
+bool GenRandom::fillBuffer(void *buffer, size_t size) {
+    memset(buffer, 0, size);
+    bool success = false;
+    if (m_rtlGenRandom != nullptr) {
+        success = m_rtlGenRandom(buffer, size) != 0;
+        if (!success) {
+            trace("GenRandom: RtlGenRandom/SystemFunction036 failed: %u",
+                static_cast<unsigned>(GetLastError()));
+        }
+    } else if (m_cryptProvIsValid) {
+        success =
+            CryptGenRandom(m_cryptProv, size,
+                           reinterpret_cast<BYTE*>(buffer)) != 0;
+        if (!success) {
+            trace("GenRandom: CryptGenRandom failed, size=%d, lasterror=%u",
+                static_cast<int>(size),
+                static_cast<unsigned>(GetLastError()));
+        }
+    }
+    return success;
+}
+
+// Returns an empty string if either of CryptAcquireContext or CryptGenRandom
+// fail.
+std::string GenRandom::randomBytes(size_t numBytes) {
+    std::string ret(numBytes, '\0');
+    if (!fillBuffer(&ret[0], numBytes)) {
+        return std::string();
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+std::wstring GenRandom::randomHexString(size_t numBytes) {
+    const std::string bytes = randomBytes(numBytes);
+    std::wstring ret(bytes.size() * 2, L'\0');
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes.size(); ++i) {
+        static const wchar_t hex[] = L"0123456789abcdef";
+        ret[i * 2]     = hex[static_cast<uint8_t>(bytes[i]) >> 4];
+        ret[i * 2 + 1] = hex[static_cast<uint8_t>(bytes[i]) & 0xF];
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+// Returns a 64-bit value representing the number of 100-nanosecond intervals
+// since January 1, 1601.
+static uint64_t systemTimeAsUInt64() {
+    FILETIME monotonicTime = {};
+    GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&monotonicTime);
+    return (static_cast<uint64_t>(monotonicTime.dwHighDateTime) << 32) |
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(monotonicTime.dwLowDateTime);
+}
+
+// Generates a unique and hard-to-guess case-insensitive string suitable for
+// use in a pipe filename or a Windows object name.
+std::wstring GenRandom::uniqueName() {
+    // First include enough information to avoid collisions assuming
+    // cooperative software.  This code assumes that a process won't die and
+    // be replaced with a recycled PID within a single GetSystemTimeAsFileTime
+    // interval.
+    WStringBuilder sb(64);
+    sb << GetCurrentProcessId()
+       << L'-' << InterlockedIncrement(&g_pipeCounter)
+       << L'-' << whexOfInt(systemTimeAsUInt64());
+    // It isn't clear to me how the crypto APIs would fail.  It *probably*
+    // doesn't matter that much anyway?  In principle, a predictable pipe name
+    // is subject to a local denial-of-service attack.
+    auto random = randomHexString(16);
+    if (!random.empty()) {
+        sb << L'-' << random;
+    }
+    return sb.str_moved();
+}

package/deps/winpty/src/shared/GenRandom.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016 Ryan Prichard
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+// IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#ifndef WINPTY_GEN_RANDOM_H
+#define WINPTY_GEN_RANDOM_H
+
+// The original MinGW requires that we include wincrypt.h.  With MinGW-w64 and
+// MSVC, including windows.h is sufficient.
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <wincrypt.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "OsModule.h"
+
+class GenRandom {
+    typedef BOOLEAN WINAPI RtlGenRandom_t(PVOID, ULONG);
+
+    OsModule m_advapi32;
+    RtlGenRandom_t *m_rtlGenRandom = nullptr;
+    bool m_cryptProvIsValid = false;
+    HCRYPTPROV m_cryptProv = 0;
+
+public:
+    GenRandom();
+    ~GenRandom();
+    bool fillBuffer(void *buffer, size_t size);
+    std::string randomBytes(size_t numBytes);
+    std::wstring randomHexString(size_t numBytes);
+    std::wstring uniqueName();
+
+    // Return true if the crypto context was successfully initialized.
+    bool valid() const {
+        return m_rtlGenRandom != nullptr || m_cryptProvIsValid;
+    }
+};
+
+#endif // WINPTY_GEN_RANDOM_H

package/deps/winpty/src/shared/GetCommitHash.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+@echo off
+
+REM -- Echo the git commit hash.  If git isn't available for some reason,
+REM -- output nothing instead.
+
+git rev-parse HEAD >NUL 2>NUL && (
+    git rev-parse HEAD
+) || (
+    echo none
+)
+
+REM -- Set ERRORLEVEL to 0 using this cryptic syntax.
+(call )

package/deps/winpty/src/shared/Mutex.h

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Ryan Prichard
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+// IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// Recent 4.x MinGW and MinGW-w64 gcc compilers lack std::mutex and
+// std::lock_guard.  I have a 5.2.0 MinGW-w64 compiler packaged through MSYS2
+// that *is* new enough, but that's one compiler against several deficient
+// ones.  Wrap CRITICAL_SECTION instead.
+
+#ifndef WINPTY_SHARED_MUTEX_H
+#define WINPTY_SHARED_MUTEX_H
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+class Mutex {
+    CRITICAL_SECTION m_mutex;
+public:
+    Mutex()         { InitializeCriticalSection(&m_mutex);  }
+    ~Mutex()        { DeleteCriticalSection(&m_mutex);      }
+    void lock()     { EnterCriticalSection(&m_mutex);       }
+    void unlock()   { LeaveCriticalSection(&m_mutex);       }
+
+    Mutex(const Mutex &other) = delete;
+    Mutex &operator=(const Mutex &other) = delete;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+class LockGuard {
+    T &m_lock;
+public:
+    LockGuard(T &lock) : m_lock(lock)  { m_lock.lock();    }
+    ~LockGuard()                       { m_lock.unlock();  }
+
+    LockGuard(const LockGuard &other) = delete;
+    LockGuard &operator=(const LockGuard &other) = delete;
+};
+
+#endif // WINPTY_SHARED_MUTEX_H

package/deps/winpty/src/shared/OsModule.h

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Ryan Prichard
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+// IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#ifndef WINPTY_SHARED_OS_MODULE_H
+#define WINPTY_SHARED_OS_MODULE_H
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "DebugClient.h"
+#include "WinptyAssert.h"
+#include "WinptyException.h"
+
+class OsModule {
+    HMODULE m_module;
+public:
+    enum class LoadErrorBehavior { Abort, Throw };
+    OsModule(const wchar_t *fileName,
+            LoadErrorBehavior behavior=LoadErrorBehavior::Abort) {
+        m_module = LoadLibraryW(fileName);
+        if (behavior == LoadErrorBehavior::Abort) {
+            ASSERT(m_module != NULL);
+        } else {
+            if (m_module == nullptr) {
+                const auto err = GetLastError();
+                throwWindowsError(
+                    (L"LoadLibraryW error: " + std::wstring(fileName)).c_str(),
+                    err);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    ~OsModule() {
+        FreeLibrary(m_module);
+    }
+    HMODULE handle() const { return m_module; }
+    FARPROC proc(const char *funcName) {
+        FARPROC ret = GetProcAddress(m_module, funcName);
+        if (ret == NULL) {
+            trace("GetProcAddress: %s is missing", funcName);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+};
+
+#endif // WINPTY_SHARED_OS_MODULE_H

package/deps/winpty/src/shared/OwnedHandle.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016 Ryan Prichard
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+// IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "OwnedHandle.h"
+
+#include "DebugClient.h"
+#include "WinptyException.h"
+
+void OwnedHandle::dispose(bool nothrow) {
+    if (m_h != nullptr && m_h != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        if (!CloseHandle(m_h)) {
+            trace("CloseHandle(%p) failed", m_h);
+            if (!nothrow) {
+                throwWindowsError(L"CloseHandle failed");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    m_h = nullptr;
+}

package/deps/winpty/src/shared/OwnedHandle.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016 Ryan Prichard
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+// IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#ifndef WINPTY_SHARED_OWNED_HANDLE_H
+#define WINPTY_SHARED_OWNED_HANDLE_H
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+class OwnedHandle {
+    HANDLE m_h;
+public:
+    OwnedHandle() : m_h(nullptr) {}
+    explicit OwnedHandle(HANDLE h) : m_h(h) {}
+    ~OwnedHandle() { dispose(true); }
+    void dispose(bool nothrow=false);
+    HANDLE get() const { return m_h; }
+    HANDLE release() { HANDLE ret = m_h; m_h = nullptr; return ret; }
+    OwnedHandle(const OwnedHandle &other) = delete;
+    OwnedHandle(OwnedHandle &&other) : m_h(other.release()) {}
+    OwnedHandle &operator=(const OwnedHandle &other) = delete;
+    OwnedHandle &operator=(OwnedHandle &&other) {
+        dispose();
+        m_h = other.release();
+        return *this;
+    }
+};
+
+#endif // WINPTY_SHARED_OWNED_HANDLE_H

package/deps/winpty/src/shared/PrecompiledHeader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016 Ryan Prichard
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+// IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#ifndef WINPTY_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_H
+#define WINPTY_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_H
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+#include <new>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#endif // WINPTY_PRECOMPILED_HEADER_H

package/deps/winpty/src/shared/StringBuilder.h

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016 Ryan Prichard
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+// IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+// Efficient integer->string conversion and string concatenation.  The
+// hexadecimal conversion may optionally have leading zeros.  Other ways to
+// convert integers to strings in C++ suffer these drawbacks:
+//
+//  * std::stringstream: Inefficient, even more so than stdio.
+//
+//  * std::to_string: No hexadecimal output, tends to use heap allocation, not
+//    supported on Cygwin.
+//
+//  * stdio routines: Requires parsing a format string (inefficient).  The
+//    caller *must* know how large the content is for correctness.  The
+//    string-printf functions are extremely inconsistent on Windows.  In
+//    particular, 64-bit integers, wide strings, and return values are
+//    problem areas.
+//
+// StringBuilderTest.cc is a standalone program that tests this header.
+
+#ifndef WINPTY_STRING_BUILDER_H
+#define WINPTY_STRING_BUILDER_H
+
+#include <array>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#ifdef STRING_BUILDER_TESTING
+#include <assert.h>
+#define STRING_BUILDER_CHECK(cond) assert(cond)
+#else
+#define STRING_BUILDER_CHECK(cond)
+#endif // STRING_BUILDER_TESTING
+
+#include "WinptyAssert.h"
+
+template <typename C, size_t sz>
+struct ValueString {
+    std::array<C, sz> m_array;
+    size_t m_offset;
+    size_t m_size;
+
+    const C *c_str() const { return m_array.data() + m_offset; }
+    const C *data() const { return m_array.data() + m_offset; }
+    size_t size() const { return m_size; }
+    std::basic_string<C> str() const {
+        return std::basic_string<C>(data(), m_size);
+    }
+};
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// Disable an MSVC /SDL error that forbids unsigned negation.  Signed negation
+// invokes undefined behavior for INTxx_MIN, so unsigned negation is simpler to
+// reason about.  (We assume twos-complement in any case.)
+#define STRING_BUILDER_ALLOW_UNSIGNED_NEGATE(x) \
+    (                                           \
+        __pragma(warning(push))                 \
+        __pragma(warning(disable:4146))         \
+        (x)                                     \
+        __pragma(warning(pop))                  \
+    )
+#else
+#define STRING_BUILDER_ALLOW_UNSIGNED_NEGATE(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+// Formats an integer as decimal without leading zeros.
+template <typename C, typename I>
+ValueString<C, sizeof(I) * 3 + 1 + 1> gdecOfInt(const I value) {
+    typedef typename std::make_unsigned<I>::type U;
+    auto unsValue = static_cast<U>(value);
+    const bool isNegative = (value < 0);
+    if (isNegative) {
+        unsValue = STRING_BUILDER_ALLOW_UNSIGNED_NEGATE(-unsValue);
+    }
+    decltype(gdecOfInt<C, I>(value)) out;
+    auto &arr = out.m_array;
+    C *const endp = arr.data() + arr.size();
+    C *outp = endp;
+    *(--outp) = '\0';
+    STRING_BUILDER_CHECK(outp >= arr.data());
+    do {
+        const int digit = unsValue % 10;
+        unsValue /= 10;
+        *(--outp) = '0' + digit;
+        STRING_BUILDER_CHECK(outp >= arr.data());
+    } while (unsValue != 0);
+    if (isNegative) {
+        *(--outp) = '-';
+        STRING_BUILDER_CHECK(outp >= arr.data());
+    }
+    out.m_offset = outp - arr.data();
+    out.m_size = endp - outp - 1;
+    return out;
+}
+
+template <typename I> decltype(gdecOfInt<char, I>(0)) decOfInt(I i) {
+    return gdecOfInt<char>(i);
+}
+
+template <typename I> decltype(gdecOfInt<wchar_t, I>(0)) wdecOfInt(I i) {
+    return gdecOfInt<wchar_t>(i);
+}
+
+// Formats an integer as hexadecimal, with or without leading zeros.
+template <typename C, bool leadingZeros=false, typename I>
+ValueString<C, sizeof(I) * 2 + 1> ghexOfInt(const I value) {
+    typedef typename std::make_unsigned<I>::type U;
+    const auto unsValue = static_cast<U>(value);
+    static const C hex[16] = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7',
+                              '8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f'};
+    decltype(ghexOfInt<C, leadingZeros, I>(value)) out;
+    auto &arr = out.m_array;
+    C *outp = arr.data();
+    int inIndex = 0;
+    int shift = sizeof(I) * 8 - 4;
+    const int len = sizeof(I) * 2;
+    if (!leadingZeros) {
+        for (; inIndex < len - 1; ++inIndex, shift -= 4) {
+            STRING_BUILDER_CHECK(shift >= 0 && shift < sizeof(unsValue) * 8);
+            const int digit = (unsValue >> shift) & 0xF;
+            if (digit != 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    for (; inIndex < len; ++inIndex, shift -= 4) {
+        const int digit = (unsValue >> shift) & 0xF;
+        *(outp++) = hex[digit];
+        STRING_BUILDER_CHECK(outp <= arr.data() + arr.size());
+    }
+    *(outp++) = '\0';
+    STRING_BUILDER_CHECK(outp <= arr.data() + arr.size());
+    out.m_offset = 0;
+    out.m_size = outp - arr.data() - 1;
+    return out;
+}
+
+template <bool leadingZeros=false, typename I>
+decltype(ghexOfInt<char, leadingZeros, I>(0)) hexOfInt(I i) {
+    return ghexOfInt<char, leadingZeros, I>(i);
+}
+
+template <bool leadingZeros=false, typename I>
+decltype(ghexOfInt<wchar_t, leadingZeros, I>(0)) whexOfInt(I i) {
+    return ghexOfInt<wchar_t, leadingZeros, I>(i);
+}
+
+template <typename C>
+class GStringBuilder {
+public:
+    typedef std::basic_string<C> StringType;
+
+    GStringBuilder() {}
+    GStringBuilder(size_t capacity) {
+        m_out.reserve(capacity);
+    }
+
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(C ch) { m_out.push_back(ch); return *this; }
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(const C *str) { m_out.append(str); return *this; }
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(const StringType &str) { m_out.append(str); return *this; }
+
+    template <size_t sz>
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(const ValueString<C, sz> &str) {
+        m_out.append(str.data(), str.size());
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+private:
+    // Forbid output of char/wchar_t for GStringBuilder if the type doesn't
+    // exactly match the builder element type.  The code still allows
+    // signed char and unsigned char, but I'm a little worried about what
+    // happens if a user tries to output int8_t or uint8_t.
+    template <typename P>
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        (std::is_same<P, char>::value || std::is_same<P, wchar_t>::value) &&
+        !std::is_same<C, P>::value, GStringBuilder&>::type
+    operator<<(P ch) {
+        ASSERT(false && "Method was not supposed to be reachable.");
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+public:
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(short i)              { return *this << gdecOfInt<C>(i); }
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(unsigned short i)     { return *this << gdecOfInt<C>(i); }
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(int i)                { return *this << gdecOfInt<C>(i); }
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(unsigned int i)       { return *this << gdecOfInt<C>(i); }
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(long i)               { return *this << gdecOfInt<C>(i); }
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(unsigned long i)      { return *this << gdecOfInt<C>(i); }
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(long long i)          { return *this << gdecOfInt<C>(i); }
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(unsigned long long i) { return *this << gdecOfInt<C>(i); }
+
+    GStringBuilder &operator<<(const void *p) {
+        m_out.push_back(static_cast<C>('0'));
+        m_out.push_back(static_cast<C>('x'));
+        *this << ghexOfInt<C>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    StringType str() { return m_out; }
+    StringType str_moved() { return std::move(m_out); }
+    const C *c_str() const { return m_out.c_str(); }
+
+private:
+    StringType m_out;
+};
+
+typedef GStringBuilder<char> StringBuilder;
+typedef GStringBuilder<wchar_t> WStringBuilder;
+
+#endif // WINPTY_STRING_BUILDER_H