@setu-ts/kernel 0.0.0-stage → 0.9.0

package/src/router/router.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+/**
+ * Router — programmatic route registration with method-based matching,
+ * parameter extraction, group facades, and static-over-param preference.
+ *
+ * Route matching is delegated to Hono as of Milestone 22; the kernel
+ * maintains a `RouteEntry` map so it can return `{ definition, params }`
+ * in the same shape the pipeline terminal expects, and apply its own
+ * deterministic tie-break (§3.6) when Hono returns multiple candidates.
+ *
+ * @module
+ */
+import type {
+  HttpMethod,
+  IRouterApi,
+  RouteDefinition,
+  RouteHandler,
+  RouteInfo,
+} from '@setu-ts/common';
+
+import { parsePattern, staticSegmentCount, wildcardSegmentCount } from './route-matcher.ts';
+
+export interface RouteEntry {
+  pattern: string;
+  method: HttpMethod;
+  definition: RouteDefinition;
+  index: number;
+  /**
+   * Static-segment count — hoisted to registration time (AI_GUIDELINES §14) and
+   * read by the tie-break in {@linkcode Router.match}.
+   *
+   * The parsed `Segment[]` it is derived from is deliberately NOT retained: it
+   * was stored on every entry and read by nothing once Hono took over matching
+   * in M22.
+   */
+  statics: number;
+  /**
+   * Wildcard-segment count — hoisted at registration beside {@linkcode
+   * RouteEntry.statics} and read ASCENDING by the tie-break in {@linkcode
+   * Router.match}.
+   *
+   * Before M70g a `*` was counted as a static segment, so `/*` tied with
+   * `/openapi.json` and outranked `/a/:id`. Counting it separately is what makes
+   * an application catch-all sort last instead of eating every single-segment
+   * route registered after it.
+   */
+  wildcards: number;
+  /** Plugin that registered this route, if it was registered by a plugin. */
+  owner?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A route registration reported to the diagnostics collector at its owning
+ * mutation boundary, carrying only bounded registration primitives.
+ *
+ * @since 0.8.0
+ */
+export interface RouteRegistrationEvent {
+  readonly kind: 'register';
+  /** The entry's insertion index — the identity dispatch uses to name the route. */
+  readonly entryIndex: number;
+  /**
+   * The method as registered — typed as the raw string deliberately, because
+   * projecting onto the supported verb vocabulary is the COLLECTOR's decision
+   * (unsupported input is omitted there, never widened).
+   */
+  readonly method: string;
+  /** The COMPLETE registered pattern, including any group prefix. */
+  readonly pattern: string;
+  /** The plugin that registered the route, when one was registering. */
+  readonly owner: string | undefined;
+  /** How many middleware stages the route's definition declares. */
+  readonly middlewareCount: number;
+}
+
+// Hono imports — use LinearRouter (not the default SmartRouter) because the
+// kernel's tie-break (§3.6) needs Hono to return EVERY overlapping candidate
+// for a path so it can re-rank them by static-segment count + registration
+// order. LinearRouter matches routes linearly and yields all candidates;
+// it also never raises RegExpRouter's UnsupportedPathError on overlapping
+// param patterns. Extracted params are strings either way.
+import { Hono } from 'hono';
+import { LinearRouter } from 'hono/router/linear-router';
+import type { Context as HonoContext, Next as HonoNext } from 'hono';
+
+/**
+ * Programmatic router implementing {@linkcode IRouterApi}. Supports all 7
+ * HTTP verbs, route groups with prefix composition, and static-over-param
+ * matching preference.
+ *
+ * @since 0.3.0
+ */
+/**
+ * Key under which a route's {@linkcode RouteEntry} is carried on the stub
+ * handler Hono holds, so a match resolves the entry with a property read
+ * rather than a string key and a `Map` lookup on every request (M87).
+ */
+const ROUTE_ENTRY = Symbol('setu.router.entry');
+
+/** Shared empty params. Frozen, so a caller cannot mutate it into a shared surprise. */
+const EMPTY_PARAMS: Record<string, string> = Object.freeze({});
+
+/**
+ * Decodes Hono's raw (still percent-encoded) param values.
+ *
+ * Hono's low-level `router.match()` returns raw values — decoding normally
+ * happens in Hono's Context layer, which the kernel bypasses — so this
+ * preserves pre-M22 parity with the from-scratch matcher, which decoded per
+ * segment.
+ *
+ * Two allocations are avoided relative to the straightforward form (M87): a
+ * route with no params returns the shared frozen object rather than a fresh
+ * `{}`, and `decodeURIComponent` is skipped for a value containing no `%`,
+ * where it is an identity function (it does not decode `+`).
+ *
+ * @param raw - Hono's raw param record
+ * @returns The decoded params, or `null` when a value carries a malformed escape
+ */
+function decodeParams(raw: Record<string, string>): Record<string, string> | null {
+  let params: Record<string, string> | undefined;
+  // `Object.keys`, not `for...in`: own enumerable properties only. Hono
+  // currently builds its params with a null prototype, so `for...in` happens
+  // to be equivalent — verified, not assumed — but that is an undocumented
+  // internal of a dependency, and if it ever became a `{}` literal a polluted
+  // `Object.prototype` would start injecting route params on every match. The
+  // `Object.entries` form this replaced was immune by construction; keeping
+  // that property costs nothing, since `keys` allocates one array where
+  // `entries` allocated one array plus a pair per key.
+  for (const key of Object.keys(raw)) {
+    const value = raw[key]!;
+    let decoded: string;
+    if (value.includes('%')) {
+      try {
+        decoded = decodeURIComponent(value);
+      } catch {
+        return null;
+      }
+    } else {
+      decoded = value;
+    }
+    (params ??= {})[key] = decoded;
+  }
+  return params ?? EMPTY_PARAMS;
+}
+
+export class Router implements IRouterApi {
+  readonly #routes: RouteEntry[] = [];
+  #index = 0;
+  readonly #hono = new Hono({ strict: false, router: new LinearRouter() });
+  /** Maps `${method} ${path}` → the kernel's RouteEntry. */
+  readonly #entryMap = new Map<string, RouteEntry>();
+  readonly #owner: () => string | undefined;
+  #diagnosticsSink: ((event: RouteRegistrationEvent) => void) | undefined;
+
+  constructor(owner: () => string | undefined = () => undefined) {
+    this.#owner = owner;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Installs the diagnostics sink that receives route registration events at
+   * the owning mutation boundary. Pass `undefined` to detach (teardown).
+   *
+   * @param sink - The collector-facing sink, or `undefined`
+   * @since 0.8.0
+   */
+  setDiagnosticsSink(sink: ((event: RouteRegistrationEvent) => void) | undefined): void {
+    this.#diagnosticsSink = sink;
+  }
+
+  #registerMethod(method: HttpMethod, path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    const key = `${method} ${path}`;
+    const existing = this.#entryMap.get(key);
+    if (existing !== undefined) {
+      // Name the FIRST claimant. The message used to give the pattern and the
+      // second claimant, which is the half the stack trace already carries; the
+      // half a developer needs is who got there first — `StaticPlugin` at the
+      // root collides with the SSR catch-all, and the old message named neither
+      // plugin. `owner` has carried this since M68.
+      throw new Error(`Route '${key}' is already registered by ${describeRouteOwner(existing)}.`);
+    }
+    const definition: RouteDefinition = typeof route === 'function' ? { handler: route } : route;
+    const owner = this.#owner();
+    const segments = parsePattern(path);
+    // Hoist per-request work to registration time (AI_GUIDELINES §14): parse
+    // the pattern once here and keep only the static count the tie-break reads.
+    const entry: RouteEntry = {
+      pattern: path,
+      method,
+      definition,
+      index: this.#index++,
+      statics: staticSegmentCount(segments),
+      wildcards: wildcardSegmentCount(segments),
+      ...(owner === undefined ? {} : { owner }),
+    };
+    this.#routes.push(entry);
+    this.#entryMap.set(key, entry);
+    // Reported at the owning mutation boundary, after the entry exists — a
+    // duplicate-key refusal above never reaches this line.
+    this.#diagnosticsSink?.({
+      kind: 'register',
+      entryIndex: entry.index,
+      method,
+      pattern: path,
+      owner,
+      middlewareCount: definition.middleware?.length ?? 0,
+    });
+
+    // Register on Hono with a stub handler. The stub does NOT execute the
+    // framework handler — it exists only so Hono's matcher records the
+    // route and extracts params. The real handler runs through the custom
+    // pipeline + executeChain (§3.2 of M22 plan).
+    // Use `app.on()` for all methods (covers HEAD, OPTIONS which Hono
+    // doesn't expose as direct methods).
+    const stubHandler = (_c: HonoContext, _next: HonoNext) => {
+      // Stub — never called during matching.
+      return new Response();
+    };
+    // Carry the entry on the stub itself. Hono hands the handler back in the
+    // match tuple, so `match()` reads the entry with one property access
+    // instead of building a `${method} ${path}` key and consulting
+    // `#entryMap` on every request (M87). `#entryMap` remains the duplicate
+    // registration guard; this is a second, per-request-free route to the
+    // same object, not a second source of truth.
+    (stubHandler as unknown as { [ROUTE_ENTRY]: RouteEntry })[ROUTE_ENTRY] = entry;
+    // Hono's `on()` method is not typed in the public API; cast through unknown
+    // to avoid a direct `as any` while keeping the call site minimal.
+    type HonoOnHandler = (c: HonoContext, next: HonoNext) => Response | Promise<Response> | void;
+    interface HonoOn {
+      on(method: string, path: string, handler: HonoOnHandler): Response | Promise<Response>;
+    }
+    (this.#hono as unknown as HonoOn).on(method.toUpperCase(), path, stubHandler as HonoOnHandler);
+  }
+
+  get(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#registerMethod('GET', path, route);
+  }
+
+  post(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#registerMethod('POST', path, route);
+  }
+
+  put(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#registerMethod('PUT', path, route);
+  }
+
+  patch(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#registerMethod('PATCH', path, route);
+  }
+
+  delete(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#registerMethod('DELETE', path, route);
+  }
+
+  head(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#registerMethod('HEAD', path, route);
+  }
+
+  options(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#registerMethod('OPTIONS', path, route);
+  }
+
+  group(prefix: string, configure: (router: IRouterApi) => void): void {
+    configure(new GroupRouter(this, prefix));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Finds the best matching route for the given method and path.
+   *
+   * Delegates to Hono's router for matching, then applies the kernel's own
+   * deterministic tie-break (§3.6 of M22 plan) when Hono returns multiple
+   * candidates of equal specificity.
+   *
+   * When multiple routes match, the ranking is:
+   *
+   * 1. more literal (static) segments;
+   * 2. then FEWER `*` wildcard segments;
+   * 3. then earliest registration order.
+   *
+   * The wildcard key is what makes an application catch-all lose to a route that
+   * names its path, in either registration order. Before M70g a `*` counted as a
+   * static segment, so `GET /*` tied with `GET /openapi.json` and won merely by
+   * registering first — which is how a full-stack application silently lost its
+   * OpenAPI endpoints.
+   *
+   * The rule compares COUNTS rather than comparing segment by segment, and that
+   * has one documented consequence: `/a/*` (one static, one wildcard) loses to
+   * `/:x/b` (one static, no wildcard) on a request for `/a/b`, where a
+   * per-position rule would prefer the literal `a`. That case is pinned by a test
+   * so a future change to per-segment ranking is a deliberate one.
+   *
+   * @param method - HTTP method
+   * @param path - Request path
+   * @returns The matched route entry and extracted params, or `null`
+   * @since 0.1.0
+   */
+  match(
+    method: HttpMethod,
+    path: string,
+  ): {
+    definition: RouteDefinition;
+    params: Record<string, string>;
+    /** The selected entry — dispatch names the actual route node from its index. */
+    entry: RouteEntry;
+  } | null {
+    // Delegate to Hono's router for matching.
+    // honoMatch shape: [[[handler, routeInfo], params], ...]
+    // honoMatch[0] is the flat array of candidates.
+    // Each candidate: [[handler, routeInfo], params] where routeInfo = {basePath, path, method}.
+    const honoMatch = this.#hono.router.match(method, path);
+
+    // Extract candidates from honoMatch[0].
+    type HonoCandidate = [
+      handlerRouteTuple: [unknown, Record<string, unknown>],
+      params: Record<string, string>,
+    ];
+    const candidatesRaw = honoMatch[0] as unknown as HonoCandidate[];
+
+    // Hono always returns honoMatch[0] as an array; early-return when empty
+    // covers the case where no routes are registered or nothing matches.
+    if (candidatesRaw.length === 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    // Fast path: exactly one candidate, which is every request in an
+    // application without overlapping patterns (M87). The candidates array,
+    // the per-candidate object literal and the sort below cannot change the
+    // outcome when there is nothing to tie-break against, so none of them is
+    // built. This mirrors Hono's own single-match bypass.
+    if (candidatesRaw.length === 1) {
+      const [handlerRouteTuple, rawParams] = candidatesRaw[0]!;
+      const entry = (handlerRouteTuple[0] as unknown as { [ROUTE_ENTRY]: RouteEntry })[ROUTE_ENTRY];
+      const params = decodeParams(rawParams);
+      // A malformed escape means this route does not match, mirroring the
+      // multi-candidate path's `continue` when every candidate is dropped.
+      return params === null ? null : { definition: entry.definition, params, entry };
+    }
+
+    // Build candidates array: map each Hono candidate to the kernel RouteEntry.
+    // Hono always provides well-formed routeInfo/method/path on matched
+    // candidates, and every candidate maps back to #entryMap since we
+    // register both simultaneously with identical paths.
+    const candidates: Array<{
+      routePath: string;
+      params: Record<string, string>;
+      entry: RouteEntry;
+    }> = [];
+
+    for (const [handlerRouteTuple, rawParams] of candidatesRaw) {
+      const routeInfo = handlerRouteTuple![1] as Record<string, unknown>;
+      const routePath = routeInfo.path as string;
+      const routeMethod = routeInfo.method as string;
+      const entry = this.#entryMap.get(`${routeMethod} ${routePath}`)!;
+      // Same decoder as the single-candidate path above (M87 review). Keeping
+      // a second inline copy here let the two disagree on identity as well as
+      // duplicating the rule: this one built a fresh `{}` for a param-less
+      // route while the fast path returns the shared frozen object, so
+      // whether `params` was mutable depended on how many routes happened to
+      // match. A malformed escape means this candidate does not match,
+      // mirroring the old matcher's `null` return.
+      const params = decodeParams(rawParams as Record<string, string>);
+      if (params === null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      candidates.push({ routePath, params, entry });
+    }
+
+    // Every candidate may have been dropped for a malformed param escape.
+    if (candidates.length === 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    // If only one candidate, return it directly.
+    if (candidates.length === 1) {
+      const { entry, params } = candidates[0];
+      return { definition: entry.definition, params, entry };
+    }
+
+    // Tie-break: more static segments, then fewer wildcards, then earliest
+    // registration order (§3.6 of the M22 plan, extended by M70g).
+    candidates.sort((a, b) => {
+      if (a.entry.statics !== b.entry.statics) {
+        return b.entry.statics - a.entry.statics;
+      }
+      if (a.entry.wildcards !== b.entry.wildcards) {
+        return a.entry.wildcards - b.entry.wildcards;
+      }
+      return a.entry.index - b.entry.index;
+    });
+
+    const best = candidates[0];
+    return { definition: best.entry.definition, params: best.params, entry: best.entry };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns all registered route entries, including the registration
+   * bookkeeping (`index`, `statics`, `wildcards`) that drives the tie-break.
+   *
+   * @returns The route entries in registration order
+   * @internal Test/diagnostics seam — `Router` is not exported from the package
+   * barrel, and plugins read routes through the contract's `listRoutes()`.
+   */
+  getAll(): readonly RouteEntry[] {
+    return this.#routes;
+  }
+
+  listRoutes(): readonly RouteInfo[] {
+    return this.#routes.map((entry) => ({
+      method: entry.method,
+      path: entry.pattern,
+      ...(entry.owner === undefined ? {} : { owner: entry.owner }),
+      definition: entry.definition,
+    }));
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Names the party that registered a route, for the duplicate-route refusal.
+ *
+ * Module-private with one caller by design: the two arms exist so the message
+ * never says "registered by undefined", and a second call site would be a second
+ * place for that wording to drift.
+ *
+ * @param entry - The entry already holding the `METHOD path` key
+ * @returns `plugin 'name'` for a plugin-registered route, `the application` otherwise
+ */
+function describeRouteOwner(entry: RouteEntry): string {
+  return entry.owner === undefined ? 'the application' : `plugin '${entry.owner}'`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Route group facade — prefixes every path registered inside the group
+ * callback. Nested groups compose prefixes transitively.
+ *
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ */
+class GroupRouter implements IRouterApi {
+  readonly #parent: Router;
+  readonly #prefix: string;
+
+  constructor(parent: Router, prefix: string) {
+    this.#parent = parent;
+    this.#prefix = prefix;
+  }
+
+  #resolvePath(path: string): string {
+    // Normalize: ensure single slash between prefix and path
+    const p = path === '/' ? '' : path;
+    return this.#prefix + p;
+  }
+
+  get(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#parent.get(this.#resolvePath(path), route);
+  }
+
+  post(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#parent.post(this.#resolvePath(path), route);
+  }
+
+  put(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#parent.put(this.#resolvePath(path), route);
+  }
+
+  patch(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#parent.patch(this.#resolvePath(path), route);
+  }
+
+  delete(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#parent.delete(this.#resolvePath(path), route);
+  }
+
+  head(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#parent.head(this.#resolvePath(path), route);
+  }
+
+  options(path: string, route: RouteHandler | RouteDefinition): void {
+    this.#parent.options(this.#resolvePath(path), route);
+  }
+
+  group(prefix: string, configure: (router: IRouterApi) => void): void {
+    this.#parent.group(this.#prefix + prefix, configure);
+  }
+
+  listRoutes(): readonly RouteInfo[] {
+    return this.#parent.listRoutes();
+  }
+}