@sectile/core 0.7.0 → 0.8.0

package/dist/structures/metric-index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+import { unwrap } from '../result.js';
+import { DEFAULT_MAX_ID_CODE_UNITS, } from '../shared.js';
+import { fail, ok, validateSafeCeiling, validateStableID } from '../internal/kernel/foundation.js';
+export const DEFAULT_MAX_METRIC_ITEMS = 100_000;
+export const MAX_METRIC_ITEMS = 1_000_000;
+export const DEFAULT_MAX_METRIC_DIMENSIONS = 32;
+export const MAX_METRIC_DIMENSIONS = 32;
+export const DEFAULT_MAX_METRIC_COORDINATE_MAGNITUDE = 1e150;
+const KD_MIN_ITEMS = 129;
+const KD_MAX_DIMENSIONS = 8;
+const KD_QUERY_CROSSOVER = 128;
+export function createMetricIndex(points, options = {}) {
+    return unwrap(tryCreateMetricIndex(points, options));
+}
+export function tryCreateMetricIndex(points, options = {}) {
+    if (!Array.isArray(points))
+        return fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'Metric points must be an array.');
+    const limits = tryMetricLimits(points, options);
+    if (!limits.ok)
+        return limits;
+    if (points.length > limits.value.maxItems) {
+        return fail('resource-rejection', 'item-ceiling-exceeded', 'Metric point count exceeds maxItems.', {
+            size: points.length,
+            maxItems: limits.value.maxItems,
+        });
+    }
+    const ids = [];
+    const indexByID = new Map();
+    const coordinates = new Float64Array(points.length * limits.value.dimensions);
+    for (let pointIndex = 0; pointIndex < points.length; pointIndex += 1) {
+        const point = points[pointIndex];
+        if (point === undefined || point === null || typeof point !== 'object') {
+            return fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'Every metric point must be an object.', { pointIndex });
+        }
+        const idError = validateStableID(point.id, limits.value.maxIDCodeUnits);
+        if (idError !== null)
+            return { ok: false, error: idError };
+        if (indexByID.has(point.id)) {
+            return fail('construction', 'duplicate-id', 'Metric point identities must be unique.', { id: point.id, pointIndex });
+        }
+        if (!Array.isArray(point.coordinates) || point.coordinates.length !== limits.value.dimensions) {
+            return fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'Every metric coordinate must match the fixed dimension.', {
+                id: point.id,
+                expected: limits.value.dimensions,
+                actual: Array.isArray(point.coordinates) ? point.coordinates.length : null,
+            });
+        }
+        indexByID.set(point.id, pointIndex);
+        ids.push(point.id);
+        for (let dimension = 0; dimension < limits.value.dimensions; dimension += 1) {
+            const coordinate = point.coordinates[dimension];
+            if (!validCoordinate(coordinate, limits.value.maxCoordinateMagnitude)) {
+                return fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'Metric coordinates must be finite and within maxCoordinateMagnitude.', {
+                    id: point.id,
+                    dimension,
+                    coordinate,
+                    maxCoordinateMagnitude: limits.value.maxCoordinateMagnitude,
+                });
+            }
+            coordinates[pointIndex * limits.value.dimensions + dimension] = coordinate;
+        }
+    }
+    const kd = points.length >= KD_MIN_ITEMS
+        && limits.value.dimensions <= KD_MAX_DIMENSIONS
+        && limits.value.expectedQueries >= KD_QUERY_CROSSOVER
+        ? buildKDIndex(coordinates, points.length, limits.value.dimensions)
+        : null;
+    return ok(Object.freeze(new PackedMetricIndex(Object.freeze(ids), indexByID, coordinates, limits.value, kd)));
+}
+class PackedMetricIndex {
+    #indexByID;
+    #coordinates;
+    #kd;
+    constructor(ids, indexByID, coordinates, limits, kd) {
+        this.ids = ids;
+        this.#indexByID = indexByID;
+        this.#coordinates = coordinates;
+        this.size = ids.length;
+        this.dimensions = limits.dimensions;
+        this.maxItems = limits.maxItems;
+        this.maxDimensions = limits.maxDimensions;
+        this.maxCoordinateMagnitude = limits.maxCoordinateMagnitude;
+        this.#kd = kd;
+    }
+    ids;
+    size;
+    dimensions;
+    maxItems;
+    maxDimensions;
+    maxCoordinateMagnitude;
+    coordinateOf(id) {
+        const index = this.#indexByID.get(id);
+        if (index === undefined)
+            return null;
+        const output = new Array(this.dimensions);
+        const offset = index * this.dimensions;
+        for (let dimension = 0; dimension < this.dimensions; dimension += 1)
+            output[dimension] = this.#coordinates[offset + dimension];
+        return Object.freeze(output);
+    }
+    squaredDistance(left, right) {
+        const leftIndex = this.#indexByID.get(left);
+        const rightIndex = this.#indexByID.get(right);
+        return leftIndex === undefined || rightIndex === undefined ? null : this.#distance(leftIndex, rightIndex);
+    }
+    nearest(target) {
+        const query = this.#validateVector(target, 'target');
+        if (this.size === 0)
+            return null;
+        const kd = this.#queryIndex();
+        const match = kd === null ? this.#packedNearest(query) : this.#kdNearest(kd, query, null);
+        return match === null ? null : this.#publicMatch(match);
+    }
+    withinRadius(target, radius) {
+        const query = this.#validateVector(target, 'target');
+        if (typeof radius !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(radius) || radius < 0 || !Number.isFinite(radius * radius)) {
+            return unwrap(fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'radius must be a non-negative finite number with a finite square.', { radius }));
+        }
+        if (this.size === 0)
+            return Object.freeze([]);
+        const squaredRadius = radius * radius;
+        const kd = this.#queryIndex();
+        const matches = kd === null ? this.#packedRadius(query, squaredRadius) : this.#kdRadius(kd, query, squaredRadius);
+        return Object.freeze(matches.map((match) => this.#publicMatch(match)));
+    }
+    forwardNearest(origin, direction) {
+        const query = this.#validateVector(origin, 'origin');
+        const normalizedDirection = this.#normalizeDirection(direction);
+        if (this.size === 0)
+            return null;
+        const kd = this.#queryIndex();
+        const match = kd === null
+            ? this.#packedNearest(query, normalizedDirection)
+            : this.#kdNearest(kd, query, normalizedDirection);
+        return match === null ? null : this.#publicMatch(match);
+    }
+    #queryIndex() {
+        return this.#kd;
+    }
+    #packedNearest(target, direction = null) {
+        let bestIndex = -1;
+        let bestSquaredDistance = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+        for (let index = 0; index < this.size; index += 1) {
+            if (direction !== null && this.#dotFrom(index, target, direction) <= 0)
+                continue;
+            const squaredDistance = this.#distanceTo(index, target);
+            if (squaredDistance < bestSquaredDistance) {
+                bestIndex = index;
+                bestSquaredDistance = squaredDistance;
+            }
+        }
+        return bestIndex < 0 ? null : { index: bestIndex, squaredDistance: bestSquaredDistance };
+    }
+    #packedRadius(target, squaredRadius) {
+        const matches = [];
+        for (let index = 0; index < this.size; index += 1) {
+            const squaredDistance = this.#distanceTo(index, target);
+            if (squaredDistance <= squaredRadius)
+                matches.push({ index, squaredDistance });
+        }
+        return matches;
+    }
+    #kdNearest(kd, target, direction) {
+        let bestIndex = -1;
+        let bestSquaredDistance = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+        let candidates = 0;
+        let aborted = false;
+        const visit = (node) => {
+            if (node < 0 || aborted)
+                return;
+            candidates += 1;
+            if (candidates > (this.size >>> 1)) {
+                aborted = true;
+                return;
+            }
+            const pointIndex = kd.point[node];
+            const axis = kd.axis[node];
+            const offset = pointIndex * this.dimensions;
+            const delta = target[axis] - this.#coordinates[offset + axis];
+            const near = delta <= 0 ? kd.left[node] : kd.right[node];
+            const far = delta <= 0 ? kd.right[node] : kd.left[node];
+            visit(near);
+            if (direction === null || this.#dotFrom(pointIndex, target, direction) > 0) {
+                const squaredDistance = this.#distanceTo(pointIndex, target);
+                if (squaredDistance < bestSquaredDistance
+                    || (squaredDistance === bestSquaredDistance && pointIndex < bestIndex)) {
+                    bestIndex = pointIndex;
+                    bestSquaredDistance = squaredDistance;
+                }
+            }
+            if (bestIndex < 0 || delta * delta <= bestSquaredDistance)
+                visit(far);
+        };
+        visit(kd.root);
+        return aborted
+            ? this.#packedNearest(target, direction)
+            : bestIndex < 0 ? null : { index: bestIndex, squaredDistance: bestSquaredDistance };
+    }
+    #kdRadius(kd, target, squaredRadius) {
+        const matches = [];
+        let candidates = 0;
+        let aborted = false;
+        const visit = (node) => {
+            if (node < 0 || aborted)
+                return;
+            candidates += 1;
+            if (candidates > (this.size >>> 1)) {
+                aborted = true;
+                return;
+            }
+            const pointIndex = kd.point[node];
+            const axis = kd.axis[node];
+            const offset = pointIndex * this.dimensions;
+            const delta = target[axis] - this.#coordinates[offset + axis];
+            const squaredDistance = this.#distanceTo(pointIndex, target);
+            if (squaredDistance <= squaredRadius)
+                matches.push({ index: pointIndex, squaredDistance });
+            visit(delta <= 0 ? kd.left[node] : kd.right[node]);
+            if (delta * delta <= squaredRadius)
+                visit(delta <= 0 ? kd.right[node] : kd.left[node]);
+        };
+        visit(kd.root);
+        return aborted ? this.#packedRadius(target, squaredRadius) : radixDomainOrder(matches);
+    }
+    #distance(leftIndex, rightIndex) {
+        let total = 0;
+        const leftOffset = leftIndex * this.dimensions;
+        const rightOffset = rightIndex * this.dimensions;
+        for (let dimension = 0; dimension < this.dimensions; dimension += 1) {
+            const delta = this.#coordinates[leftOffset + dimension] - this.#coordinates[rightOffset + dimension];
+            total += delta * delta;
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+    #distanceTo(index, target) {
+        let total = 0;
+        const offset = index * this.dimensions;
+        for (let dimension = 0; dimension < this.dimensions; dimension += 1) {
+            const delta = this.#coordinates[offset + dimension] - target[dimension];
+            total += delta * delta;
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+    #dotFrom(index, origin, direction) {
+        let total = 0;
+        const offset = index * this.dimensions;
+        for (let dimension = 0; dimension < this.dimensions; dimension += 1) {
+            total += (this.#coordinates[offset + dimension] - origin[dimension]) * direction[dimension];
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+    #validateVector(vector, label) {
+        if (!Array.isArray(vector) || vector.length !== this.dimensions) {
+            return unwrap(fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', `${label} must match the fixed metric dimension.`, {
+                expected: this.dimensions,
+                actual: Array.isArray(vector) ? vector.length : null,
+            }));
+        }
+        for (let dimension = 0; dimension < this.dimensions; dimension += 1) {
+            if (!validCoordinate(vector[dimension], this.maxCoordinateMagnitude)) {
+                return unwrap(fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', `${label} coordinates must be finite and bounded.`, { dimension }));
+            }
+        }
+        return vector;
+    }
+    #normalizeDirection(direction) {
+        const checked = this.#validateVector(direction, 'direction');
+        let scale = 0;
+        for (const value of checked)
+            scale = Math.max(scale, Math.abs(value));
+        if (scale === 0)
+            return unwrap(fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'direction must be non-zero.'));
+        return checked.map((value) => value / scale);
+    }
+    #publicMatch(match) {
+        return Object.freeze({ id: this.ids[match.index], squaredDistance: match.squaredDistance });
+    }
+}
+function tryMetricLimits(points, options) {
+    const maxItems = options.maxItems ?? DEFAULT_MAX_METRIC_ITEMS;
+    const itemError = validateSafeCeiling(maxItems, 'maxItems');
+    if (itemError !== null)
+        return { ok: false, error: itemError };
+    if (maxItems > MAX_METRIC_ITEMS)
+        return fail('resource-rejection', 'item-ceiling-exceeded', 'maxItems exceeds the MetricIndex hard ceiling.', { maxItems, hardCeiling: MAX_METRIC_ITEMS });
+    const maxDimensions = options.maxDimensions ?? DEFAULT_MAX_METRIC_DIMENSIONS;
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(maxDimensions) || maxDimensions < 1 || maxDimensions > MAX_METRIC_DIMENSIONS) {
+        return fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'maxDimensions must be a positive safe integer within the hard ceiling.', { maxDimensions, hardCeiling: MAX_METRIC_DIMENSIONS });
+    }
+    const inferredDimensions = points[0]?.coordinates?.length;
+    const dimensionValue = options.dimensions ?? inferredDimensions;
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(dimensionValue) || (dimensionValue ?? 0) < 1 || (dimensionValue ?? 0) > maxDimensions) {
+        return fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'dimensions must be a positive safe integer within maxDimensions.', { dimensions: dimensionValue, maxDimensions });
+    }
+    const dimensions = dimensionValue;
+    const maxCoordinateMagnitude = options.maxCoordinateMagnitude ?? DEFAULT_MAX_METRIC_COORDINATE_MAGNITUDE;
+    if (typeof maxCoordinateMagnitude !== 'number' || !Number.isFinite(maxCoordinateMagnitude)
+        || maxCoordinateMagnitude <= 0 || maxCoordinateMagnitude > DEFAULT_MAX_METRIC_COORDINATE_MAGNITUDE) {
+        return fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'maxCoordinateMagnitude must be finite, positive, and within the hard ceiling.', { maxCoordinateMagnitude });
+    }
+    const maxIDCodeUnits = options.maxIDCodeUnits ?? DEFAULT_MAX_ID_CODE_UNITS;
+    const idError = validateSafeCeiling(maxIDCodeUnits, 'maxIDCodeUnits', 1);
+    if (idError !== null)
+        return { ok: false, error: idError };
+    const expectedQueries = options.expectedQueries ?? 0;
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(expectedQueries) || expectedQueries < 0) {
+        return fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'expectedQueries must be a non-negative safe integer.', { expectedQueries });
+    }
+    return ok(Object.freeze({ dimensions, maxItems, maxDimensions, maxCoordinateMagnitude, maxIDCodeUnits, expectedQueries }));
+}
+function buildKDIndex(coordinates, size, dimensions) {
+    const orders = Array.from({ length: dimensions }, (_, axis) => Array.from({ length: size }, (_unused, index) => index).sort((left, right) => {
+        const compared = coordinates[left * dimensions + axis] - coordinates[right * dimensions + axis];
+        return compared || left - right;
+    }));
+    const point = new Int32Array(size);
+    const left = new Int32Array(size);
+    const right = new Int32Array(size);
+    const axisByNode = new Uint8Array(size);
+    left.fill(-1);
+    right.fill(-1);
+    let nodeCount = 0;
+    const build = (active, depth) => {
+        const length = active[0]?.length ?? 0;
+        if (length === 0)
+            return -1;
+        const axis = depth % dimensions;
+        const axisOrder = active[axis];
+        const middle = length >>> 1;
+        const pointIndex = axisOrder[middle];
+        const leftMembers = new Set(axisOrder.slice(0, middle));
+        const leftOrders = [];
+        const rightOrders = [];
+        for (let orderedAxis = 0; orderedAxis < dimensions; orderedAxis += 1) {
+            const leftOrder = [];
+            const rightOrder = [];
+            for (const candidate of active[orderedAxis]) {
+                if (candidate === pointIndex)
+                    continue;
+                if (leftMembers.has(candidate))
+                    leftOrder.push(candidate);
+                else
+                    rightOrder.push(candidate);
+            }
+            leftOrders.push(leftOrder);
+            rightOrders.push(rightOrder);
+        }
+        const node = nodeCount;
+        nodeCount += 1;
+        point[node] = pointIndex;
+        axisByNode[node] = axis;
+        left[node] = build(leftOrders, depth + 1);
+        right[node] = build(rightOrders, depth + 1);
+        return node;
+    };
+    return Object.freeze({ root: build(orders, 0), point, left, right, axis: axisByNode });
+}
+function radixDomainOrder(matches) {
+    if (matches.length < 2)
+        return matches;
+    let input = matches;
+    let output = new Array(matches.length);
+    const counts = new Uint32Array(256);
+    for (let shift = 0; shift < 24; shift += 8) {
+        counts.fill(0);
+        for (const match of input) {
+            const bucket = (match.index >>> shift) & 255;
+            counts[bucket] = counts[bucket] + 1;
+        }
+        let offset = 0;
+        for (let bucket = 0; bucket < counts.length; bucket += 1) {
+            const count = counts[bucket];
+            counts[bucket] = offset;
+            offset += count;
+        }
+        for (const match of input) {
+            const bucket = (match.index >>> shift) & 255;
+            output[counts[bucket]] = match;
+            counts[bucket] = counts[bucket] + 1;
+        }
+        const swap = input;
+        input = output;
+        output = swap;
+    }
+    return input;
+}
+function validCoordinate(value, maxMagnitude) {
+    return typeof value === 'number' && Number.isFinite(value) && Math.abs(value) <= maxMagnitude;
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=metric-index.js.map

package/dist/structures/metric-index.js.map

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package/dist/structures/range.d.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { type Result, type TiePolicy } from '../shared.js';
+import type { ExactRatio } from '../internal/kernel/exact-ratio.js';
 export interface RangeOptions {
     readonly maxCount?: number;
     readonly maxDecimalCodeUnits?: number;
@@ -15,10 +16,27 @@ export interface BoundedRangeInput extends RangeOptions {
     readonly max: string;
     readonly step: string;
 }
-export interface ExactRatio {
-    readonly numerator: bigint;
-    readonly denominator: bigint;
+export type { ExactRatio } from '../internal/kernel/exact-ratio.js';
+export interface ExactRatioOptions {
+    /** Maximum absolute numerator width accepted and retained. */
+    readonly maxNumeratorBits?: number;
+    /** Maximum denominator width accepted and retained. */
+    readonly maxDenominatorBits?: number;
 }
+export declare const DEFAULT_MAX_RATIO_NUMERATOR_BITS = 4096;
+export declare const DEFAULT_MAX_RATIO_DENOMINATOR_BITS = 4096;
+export declare function formatExactRatioPercentage(ratio: ExactRatio): string;
+export declare function createExactRatio(numerator: bigint, denominator: bigint, options?: ExactRatioOptions): ExactRatio;
+export declare function tryCreateExactRatio(numerator: bigint, denominator: bigint, options?: ExactRatioOptions): Result<ExactRatio>;
+export declare function compareExactRatios(left: ExactRatio, right: ExactRatio, options?: ExactRatioOptions): -1 | 0 | 1;
+export declare function clampExactRatio(value: ExactRatio, minimum: ExactRatio, maximum: ExactRatio, options?: ExactRatioOptions): ExactRatio;
+export declare function addExactRatios(left: ExactRatio, right: ExactRatio, options?: ExactRatioOptions): ExactRatio;
+export declare function subtractExactRatios(left: ExactRatio, right: ExactRatio, options?: ExactRatioOptions): ExactRatio;
+export declare function multiplyExactRatios(left: ExactRatio, right: ExactRatio, options?: ExactRatioOptions): ExactRatio;
+export declare function divideExactRatios(dividend: ExactRatio, divisor: ExactRatio, options?: ExactRatioOptions): ExactRatio;
+export declare function invertExactRatio(ratio: ExactRatio, options?: ExactRatioOptions): ExactRatio;
+export declare function interpolateExactRatios(start: ExactRatio, end: ExactRatio, position: ExactRatio, options?: ExactRatioOptions): ExactRatio;
+export declare function mapExactRatio(value: ExactRatio, sourceStart: ExactRatio, sourceEnd: ExactRatio, targetStart: ExactRatio, targetEnd: ExactRatio, options?: ExactRatioOptions): ExactRatio;
 export interface QuantizedRange {
     readonly origin: string;
     readonly step: string;
@@ -38,4 +56,3 @@ export declare function tryCreateRange(input: RangeInput): Result<QuantizedRange
 export declare function createBoundedRange(input: BoundedRangeInput): QuantizedRange;
 export declare function tryCreateBoundedRange(input: BoundedRangeInput): Result<QuantizedRange>;
 export type { Result, TiePolicy } from '../shared.js';
-//# sourceMappingURL=range.d.ts.map

package/dist/structures/range.js

@@ -1,7 +1,155 @@
 import { unwrap } from '../result.js';
 import {} from '../shared.js';
-import { addDecimal, compareDecimal, decimalQuotient, decimalToString, floorFraction, multiplyDecimalByInteger, parseDecimal, reduceFraction, subtractDecimal, } from '../internal/kernel/decimal.js';
+import { addDecimal, compareDecimal, decimalQuotient, decimalToString, floorFraction, multiplyDecimalByInteger, parseDecimal, subtractDecimal, } from '../internal/kernel/decimal.js';
 import { fail, ok, validateSafeCeiling } from '../internal/kernel/foundation.js';
+import { formatRatioPercentage } from '../internal/kernel/bounded-scalar.js';
+export const DEFAULT_MAX_RATIO_NUMERATOR_BITS = 4_096;
+export const DEFAULT_MAX_RATIO_DENOMINATOR_BITS = 4_096;
+export function formatExactRatioPercentage(ratio) {
+    return formatRatioPercentage(createExactRatio(ratio.numerator, ratio.denominator));
+}
+export function createExactRatio(numerator, denominator, options = {}) {
+    return unwrap(tryCreateExactRatio(numerator, denominator, options));
+}
+export function tryCreateExactRatio(numerator, denominator, options = {}) {
+    const limits = tryRatioLimits(options);
+    if (!limits.ok)
+        return limits;
+    return canonicalRatio(numerator, denominator, limits.value);
+}
+export function compareExactRatios(left, right, options = {}) {
+    const [a, b] = checkedRatioPair(left, right, options);
+    const leftProduct = a.numerator * b.denominator;
+    const rightProduct = b.numerator * a.denominator;
+    return leftProduct < rightProduct ? -1 : leftProduct > rightProduct ? 1 : 0;
+}
+export function clampExactRatio(value, minimum, maximum, options = {}) {
+    const limits = unwrap(tryRatioLimits(options));
+    const canonicalValue = unwrap(canonicalRatio(value.numerator, value.denominator, limits));
+    const canonicalMinimum = unwrap(canonicalRatio(minimum.numerator, minimum.denominator, limits));
+    const canonicalMaximum = unwrap(canonicalRatio(maximum.numerator, maximum.denominator, limits));
+    if (compareCanonicalRatios(canonicalMinimum, canonicalMaximum) > 0) {
+        return unwrap(fail('construction', 'inverted-bounds', 'minimum must not exceed maximum.'));
+    }
+    if (compareCanonicalRatios(canonicalValue, canonicalMinimum) < 0)
+        return canonicalMinimum;
+    if (compareCanonicalRatios(canonicalValue, canonicalMaximum) > 0)
+        return canonicalMaximum;
+    return canonicalValue;
+}
+export function addExactRatios(left, right, options = {}) {
+    const limits = unwrap(tryRatioLimits(options));
+    const a = unwrap(canonicalRatio(left.numerator, left.denominator, limits));
+    const b = unwrap(canonicalRatio(right.numerator, right.denominator, limits));
+    const divisor = gcd(a.denominator, b.denominator);
+    const leftScale = b.denominator / divisor;
+    const rightScale = a.denominator / divisor;
+    return unwrap(canonicalRatio(a.numerator * leftScale + b.numerator * rightScale, a.denominator * leftScale, limits));
+}
+export function subtractExactRatios(left, right, options = {}) {
+    return addExactRatios(left, { numerator: -right.numerator, denominator: right.denominator }, options);
+}
+export function multiplyExactRatios(left, right, options = {}) {
+    const limits = unwrap(tryRatioLimits(options));
+    const a = unwrap(canonicalRatio(left.numerator, left.denominator, limits));
+    const b = unwrap(canonicalRatio(right.numerator, right.denominator, limits));
+    const crossA = gcd(abs(a.numerator), b.denominator);
+    const crossB = gcd(abs(b.numerator), a.denominator);
+    return unwrap(canonicalRatio((a.numerator / crossA) * (b.numerator / crossB), (a.denominator / crossB) * (b.denominator / crossA), limits));
+}
+export function divideExactRatios(dividend, divisor, options = {}) {
+    if (divisor.numerator === 0n) {
+        return unwrap(fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'divisor must not be zero.'));
+    }
+    return multiplyExactRatios(dividend, { numerator: divisor.denominator, denominator: divisor.numerator }, options);
+}
+export function invertExactRatio(ratio, options = {}) {
+    if (ratio.numerator === 0n) {
+        return unwrap(fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'zero has no multiplicative inverse.'));
+    }
+    return createExactRatio(ratio.denominator, ratio.numerator, options);
+}
+export function interpolateExactRatios(start, end, position, options = {}) {
+    return addExactRatios(start, multiplyExactRatios(subtractExactRatios(end, start, options), position, options), options);
+}
+export function mapExactRatio(value, sourceStart, sourceEnd, targetStart, targetEnd, options = {}) {
+    const sourceSpan = subtractExactRatios(sourceEnd, sourceStart, options);
+    if (sourceSpan.numerator === 0n) {
+        return unwrap(fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'source range must have non-zero width.'));
+    }
+    const position = divideExactRatios(subtractExactRatios(value, sourceStart, options), sourceSpan, options);
+    return interpolateExactRatios(targetStart, targetEnd, position, options);
+}
+function checkedRatioPair(left, right, options) {
+    const limits = unwrap(tryRatioLimits(options));
+    return [
+        unwrap(canonicalRatio(left.numerator, left.denominator, limits)),
+        unwrap(canonicalRatio(right.numerator, right.denominator, limits)),
+    ];
+}
+function compareCanonicalRatios(left, right) {
+    const a = left.numerator * right.denominator;
+    const b = right.numerator * left.denominator;
+    return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
+}
+function tryRatioLimits(options) {
+    const maxNumeratorBits = options.maxNumeratorBits ?? DEFAULT_MAX_RATIO_NUMERATOR_BITS;
+    const maxDenominatorBits = options.maxDenominatorBits ?? DEFAULT_MAX_RATIO_DENOMINATOR_BITS;
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(maxNumeratorBits) || maxNumeratorBits < 1) {
+        return fail('construction', 'invalid-max-count', 'maxNumeratorBits must be a positive safe integer.', { maxNumeratorBits });
+    }
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(maxDenominatorBits) || maxDenominatorBits < 1) {
+        return fail('construction', 'invalid-max-count', 'maxDenominatorBits must be a positive safe integer.', { maxDenominatorBits });
+    }
+    return ok(Object.freeze({ maxNumeratorBits, maxDenominatorBits }));
+}
+function canonicalRatio(numerator, denominator, limits) {
+    if (typeof numerator !== 'bigint' || typeof denominator !== 'bigint') {
+        return fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'numerator and denominator must be bigint values.');
+    }
+    if (denominator === 0n) {
+        return fail('construction', 'invalid-boundary', 'denominator must not be zero.');
+    }
+    const numeratorBits = bitLength(numerator);
+    const denominatorBits = bitLength(denominator);
+    if (numeratorBits > limits.maxNumeratorBits) {
+        return fail('resource-rejection', 'count-ceiling-exceeded', 'numerator exceeds maxNumeratorBits.', {
+            numeratorBits,
+            maxNumeratorBits: limits.maxNumeratorBits,
+        });
+    }
+    if (denominatorBits > limits.maxDenominatorBits) {
+        return fail('resource-rejection', 'count-ceiling-exceeded', 'denominator exceeds maxDenominatorBits.', {
+            denominatorBits,
+            maxDenominatorBits: limits.maxDenominatorBits,
+        });
+    }
+    if (numerator === 0n)
+        return ok(Object.freeze({ numerator: 0n, denominator: 1n }));
+    const sign = denominator < 0n ? -1n : 1n;
+    const divisor = gcd(abs(numerator), abs(denominator));
+    return ok(Object.freeze({
+        numerator: (numerator / divisor) * sign,
+        denominator: abs(denominator) / divisor,
+    }));
+}
+function bitLength(value) {
+    const magnitude = abs(value);
+    return magnitude === 0n ? 0 : magnitude.toString(2).length;
+}
+function abs(value) {
+    return value < 0n ? -value : value;
+}
+function gcd(left, right) {
+    let a = abs(left);
+    let b = abs(right);
+    while (b !== 0n) {
+        const remainder = a % b;
+        a = b;
+        b = remainder;
+    }
+    return a === 0n ? 1n : a;
+}
 class ExactQuantizedRange {
     origin;
     step;
@@ -82,19 +230,16 @@ class ExactQuantizedRange {
         if (!validTick(tick, this.count))
             return null;
         if (this.count === 0)
-            return Object.freeze({ numerator: 0n, denominator: 1n });
-        const [numerator, denominator] = reduceFraction(BigInt(tick), BigInt(this.count));
-        return Object.freeze({ numerator, denominator });
+            return createExactRatio(0n, 1n);
+        return createExactRatio(BigInt(tick), BigInt(this.count));
     }
     tickFromRatio(ratio, tie = 'lower') {
-        if (ratio.denominator === 0n || !isTiePolicy(tie))
+        if (!isTiePolicy(tie))
             return null;
-        let numerator = ratio.numerator;
-        let denominator = ratio.denominator;
-        if (denominator < 0n) {
-            numerator = -numerator;
-            denominator = -denominator;
-        }
+        const canonical = tryCreateExactRatio(ratio.numerator, ratio.denominator);
+        if (!canonical.ok)
+            return null;
+        let { numerator, denominator } = canonical.value;
         numerator = clampBigInt(numerator, 0n, denominator);
         if (this.count === 0)
             return 0;