@secondlayer/subgraphs 0.5.6 → 0.6.0

package/dist/src/runtime/context.js

@@ -108,53 +108,83 @@ class SubgraphContext {
     }
     return opsToFlush.length;
   }
+  prepareInsert(op) {
+    const upsertKeys = op.data._upsert_keys;
+    const data = { ...op.data };
+    delete data._upsert_keys;
+    delete data._upsert_fallback_keys;
+    delete data._upsert_fallback_set;
+    data._block_height = this.block.height;
+    data._tx_id = this._tx.txId;
+    data._created_at = "NOW()";
+    const cols = Object.keys(data);
+    cols.forEach(validateColumnName);
+    const vals = cols.map((c) => data[c] === "NOW()" ? "NOW()" : escapeLiteral(data[c]));
+    const batchKey = `${op.table}:${[...cols].sort().join(",")}:${upsertKeys ? [...upsertKeys].sort().join(",") : ""}`;
+    return { data, cols, vals, upsertKeys, batchKey };
+  }
   buildStatements(ops) {
     const statements = [];
+    let currentBatch = null;
+    let currentBatchKey = "";
+    const flushInsertBatch = () => {
+      if (!currentBatch)
+        return;
+      const qualifiedTable = `"${this.pgSchemaName}"."${currentBatch.table}"`;
+      const colList = currentBatch.cols.map((c) => `"${c}"`).join(", ");
+      let rows = currentBatch.rows;
+      if (currentBatch.upsertKeys && currentBatch.upsertKeys.length > 0) {
+        const keyIndices = currentBatch.upsertKeys.map((k) => currentBatch.cols.indexOf(k));
+        const seen = new Map;
+        for (let i = 0;i < rows.length; i++) {
+          const key = keyIndices.map((ki) => rows[i][ki]).join("\x00");
+          seen.set(key, i);
+        }
+        if (seen.size < rows.length) {
+          rows = Array.from(seen.values()).map((i) => rows[i]);
+        }
+      }
+      const valuesList = rows.map((r) => `(${r.join(", ")})`).join(", ");
+      let stmt = `INSERT INTO ${qualifiedTable} (${colList}) VALUES ${valuesList}`;
+      if (currentBatch.upsertKeys && currentBatch.upsertKeys.length > 0) {
+        const updateCols = currentBatch.cols.filter((c) => !currentBatch.upsertKeys.includes(c) && !c.startsWith("_"));
+        if (updateCols.length > 0) {
+          const setClauses = updateCols.map((c) => `"${c}" = EXCLUDED."${c}"`);
+          stmt += ` ON CONFLICT (${currentBatch.upsertKeys.map((k) => `"${k}"`).join(", ")}) DO UPDATE SET ${setClauses.join(", ")}`;
+        } else {
+          stmt += ` ON CONFLICT (${currentBatch.upsertKeys.map((k) => `"${k}"`).join(", ")}) DO NOTHING`;
+        }
+      }
+      statements.push(stmt);
+      currentBatch = null;
+      currentBatchKey = "";
+    };
     for (const op of ops) {
       const qualifiedTable = `"${this.pgSchemaName}"."${op.table}"`;
-      switch (op.kind) {
-        case "insert": {
-          const upsertKeys = op.data._upsert_keys;
-          const fallbackKeys = op.data._upsert_fallback_keys;
-          const fallbackSet = op.data._upsert_fallback_set;
-          const data = { ...op.data };
-          delete data._upsert_keys;
-          delete data._upsert_fallback_keys;
-          delete data._upsert_fallback_set;
-          data._block_height = this.block.height;
-          data._tx_id = this._tx.txId;
-          data._created_at = "NOW()";
-          const cols = Object.keys(data);
-          cols.forEach(validateColumnName);
-          const vals = cols.map((c) => data[c] === "NOW()" ? "NOW()" : escapeLiteral(data[c]));
-          let stmt = `INSERT INTO ${qualifiedTable} (${cols.map((c) => `"${c}"`).join(", ")}) VALUES (${vals.join(", ")})`;
-          if (upsertKeys && upsertKeys.length > 0) {
-            const updateCols = cols.filter((c) => !upsertKeys.includes(c) && !c.startsWith("_"));
-            if (updateCols.length > 0) {
-              const setClauses = updateCols.map((c) => `"${c}" = EXCLUDED."${c}"`);
-              stmt += ` ON CONFLICT (${upsertKeys.map((k) => `"${k}"`).join(", ")}) DO UPDATE SET ${setClauses.join(", ")}`;
-            } else {
-              stmt += ` ON CONFLICT (${upsertKeys.map((k) => `"${k}"`).join(", ")}) DO NOTHING`;
-            }
-          } else if (fallbackKeys && fallbackSet) {}
-          statements.push(stmt);
-          break;
+      if (op.kind === "insert") {
+        const { cols, vals, upsertKeys, batchKey } = this.prepareInsert(op);
+        if (batchKey === currentBatchKey && currentBatch) {
+          currentBatch.rows.push(vals);
+        } else {
+          flushInsertBatch();
+          currentBatch = { table: op.table, cols, rows: [vals], upsertKeys };
+          currentBatchKey = batchKey;
         }
-        case "update": {
+      } else {
+        flushInsertBatch();
+        if (op.kind === "update") {
           const setEntries = Object.entries(op.set);
           setEntries.forEach(([k]) => validateColumnName(k));
           const setClauses = setEntries.map(([k, v]) => `"${k}" = ${escapeLiteral(v)}`);
           const { clause } = buildWhereClause(op.data);
           statements.push(`UPDATE ${qualifiedTable} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE ${clause}`);
-          break;
-        }
-        case "delete": {
+        } else if (op.kind === "delete") {
           const { clause } = buildWhereClause(op.data);
           statements.push(`DELETE FROM ${qualifiedTable} WHERE ${clause}`);
-          break;
         }
       }
     }
+    flushInsertBatch();
     return statements;
   }
   validateTable(table) {
@@ -186,5 +216,5 @@ export {
   SubgraphContext
 };
 
-//# debugId=C8D44B56407CE2C164756E2164756E21
+//# debugId=CE4757E3FCD15A2D64756E2164756E21
 //# sourceMappingURL=context.js.map

package/dist/src/runtime/context.js.map

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
   "version": 3,
   "sources": ["../src/runtime/context.ts"],
   "sourcesContent": [
-    "import { sql, type Kysely, type Transaction } from \"kysely\";\nimport type { Database } from \"@secondlayer/shared/db\";\nimport { logger } from \"@secondlayer/shared/logger\";\nimport type { SubgraphSchema } from \"../types.ts\";\n\ntype AnyDb = Kysely<Database> | Transaction<Database>;\n\ninterface WriteOp {\n  kind: \"insert\" | \"update\" | \"delete\";\n  table: string;\n  data: Record<string, unknown>;\n  /** For update: SET clause */\n  set?: Record<string, unknown>;\n}\n\nexport interface BlockMeta {\n  height: number;\n  hash: string;\n  timestamp: number;\n  burnBlockHeight: number;\n}\n\nexport interface TxMeta {\n  txId: string;\n  sender: string;\n  type: string;\n  status: string;\n}\n\n/** Validate that a column name is safe for SQL identifiers */\nfunction validateColumnName(name: string): void {\n  if (!/^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*$/i.test(name)) {\n    throw new Error(`Invalid column name: ${name}`);\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Runtime context passed to subgraph handlers.\n * Batches writes and flushes them atomically at the end of a block.\n * Reads execute immediately against the DB (pre-flush state).\n */\nexport class SubgraphContext {\n  readonly block: BlockMeta;\n  private _tx: TxMeta;\n  private readonly db: AnyDb;\n  private readonly pgSchemaName: string;\n  private readonly subgraphSchema: SubgraphSchema;\n  private readonly ops: WriteOp[] = [];\n\n  constructor(\n    db: AnyDb,\n    pgSchemaName: string,\n    subgraphSchema: SubgraphSchema,\n    block: BlockMeta,\n    tx: TxMeta,\n  ) {\n    this.db = db;\n    this.pgSchemaName = pgSchemaName;\n    this.subgraphSchema = subgraphSchema;\n    this.block = block;\n    this._tx = tx;\n  }\n\n  get tx(): TxMeta {\n    return this._tx;\n  }\n\n  /** Update the current transaction context (used by runner between events) */\n  setTx(tx: TxMeta): void {\n    this._tx = tx;\n  }\n\n  // --- Write operations (batched) ---\n\n  insert(table: string, row: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    this.ops.push({ kind: \"insert\", table, data: row });\n  }\n\n  update(\n    table: string,\n    where: Record<string, unknown>,\n    set: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ): void {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    this.ops.push({ kind: \"update\", table, data: where, set });\n  }\n\n  upsert(\n    table: string,\n    key: Record<string, unknown>,\n    row: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ): void {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    const tableDef = this.subgraphSchema[table]!;\n    const keyColumns = Object.keys(key);\n\n    // Check if there's a matching uniqueKeys constraint\n    const hasUniqueConstraint = tableDef.uniqueKeys?.some(\n      (uk) => uk.length === keyColumns.length && uk.every((c) => keyColumns.includes(c)),\n    );\n\n    if (hasUniqueConstraint) {\n      // Use ON CONFLICT for proper upsert\n      this.ops.push({ kind: \"insert\", table, data: { ...key, ...row, _upsert_keys: keyColumns } });\n    } else {\n      // Fallback: log warning, use findOne + conditional insert/update\n      logger.warn(\"upsert called without matching uniqueKeys constraint, using fallback\", {\n        table,\n        keys: keyColumns,\n      });\n      this.ops.push({ kind: \"insert\", table, data: { ...key, ...row, _upsert_fallback_keys: keyColumns, _upsert_fallback_set: row } });\n    }\n  }\n\n  delete(table: string, where: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    this.ops.push({ kind: \"delete\", table, data: where });\n  }\n\n  // --- Read operations (immediate) ---\n\n  async findOne(\n    table: string,\n    where: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ): Promise<Record<string, unknown> | null> {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    const qualifiedTable = `\"${this.pgSchemaName}\".\"${table}\"`;\n    const { clause } = buildWhereClause(where);\n    const query = `SELECT * FROM ${qualifiedTable} WHERE ${clause} LIMIT 1`;\n    const { rows } = await sql.raw(query).execute(this.db);\n    const row = (rows as Record<string, unknown>[])[0] ?? null;\n    return row ? this.coerceRow(table, row) : null;\n  }\n\n  async findMany(\n    table: string,\n    where: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ): Promise<Record<string, unknown>[]> {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    const qualifiedTable = `\"${this.pgSchemaName}\".\"${table}\"`;\n    const { clause } = buildWhereClause(where);\n    const query = `SELECT * FROM ${qualifiedTable} WHERE ${clause}`;\n    const { rows } = await sql.raw(query).execute(this.db);\n    return (rows as Record<string, unknown>[]).map((r) => this.coerceRow(table, r));\n  }\n\n  /** Coerce string values from Postgres back to BigInt for uint/int columns */\n  private coerceRow(table: string, row: Record<string, unknown>): Record<string, unknown> {\n    const tableDef = this.subgraphSchema[table];\n    if (!tableDef) return row;\n    const result = { ...row };\n    for (const [col, def] of Object.entries(tableDef.columns)) {\n      if ((def.type === \"uint\" || def.type === \"int\") && typeof result[col] === \"string\") {\n        result[col] = BigInt(result[col] as string);\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n\n  // --- Flush ---\n\n  /** Number of pending write operations */\n  get pendingOps(): number {\n    return this.ops.length;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute all batched writes in a single transaction.\n   * Auto-populates _block_height, _tx_id, _created_at on inserts.\n   */\n  async flush(): Promise<number> {\n    if (this.ops.length === 0) return 0;\n\n    const opsToFlush = [...this.ops];\n    this.ops.length = 0;\n\n    const statements = this.buildStatements(opsToFlush);\n\n    // If db is already a transaction, execute directly\n    if (\"isTransaction\" in this.db) {\n      for (const stmt of statements) {\n        await sql.raw(stmt).execute(this.db);\n      }\n    } else {\n      await (this.db as Kysely<Database>).transaction().execute(async (tx) => {\n        for (const stmt of statements) {\n          await sql.raw(stmt).execute(tx);\n        }\n      });\n    }\n\n    return opsToFlush.length;\n  }\n\n  /** Build SQL statements from write ops */\n  private buildStatements(ops: WriteOp[]): string[] {\n    const statements: string[] = [];\n\n    for (const op of ops) {\n      const qualifiedTable = `\"${this.pgSchemaName}\".\"${op.table}\"`;\n\n      switch (op.kind) {\n        case \"insert\": {\n          const upsertKeys = op.data._upsert_keys as string[] | undefined;\n          const fallbackKeys = op.data._upsert_fallback_keys as string[] | undefined;\n          const fallbackSet = op.data._upsert_fallback_set as Record<string, unknown> | undefined;\n          const data = { ...op.data };\n          delete data._upsert_keys;\n          delete data._upsert_fallback_keys;\n          delete data._upsert_fallback_set;\n\n          // Auto-populate meta columns\n          data._block_height = this.block.height;\n          data._tx_id = this._tx.txId;\n          data._created_at = \"NOW()\";\n\n          const cols = Object.keys(data);\n          cols.forEach(validateColumnName);\n          const vals = cols.map((c) =>\n            data[c] === \"NOW()\" ? \"NOW()\" : escapeLiteral(data[c]),\n          );\n          let stmt = `INSERT INTO ${qualifiedTable} (${cols.map((c) => `\"${c}\"`).join(\", \")}) VALUES (${vals.join(\", \")})`;\n\n          if (upsertKeys && upsertKeys.length > 0) {\n            const updateCols = cols.filter((c) => !upsertKeys.includes(c) && !c.startsWith(\"_\"));\n            if (updateCols.length > 0) {\n              const setClauses = updateCols.map((c) => `\"${c}\" = EXCLUDED.\"${c}\"`);\n              stmt += ` ON CONFLICT (${upsertKeys.map((k) => `\"${k}\"`).join(\", \")}) DO UPDATE SET ${setClauses.join(\", \")}`;\n            } else {\n              stmt += ` ON CONFLICT (${upsertKeys.map((k) => `\"${k}\"`).join(\", \")}) DO NOTHING`;\n            }\n          } else if (fallbackKeys && fallbackSet) {\n            // Fallback upsert: use ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE but without a declared constraint\n            // This will just be a plain INSERT — if it conflicts, PG will raise an error.\n            // The caller was already warned. This is the best we can do without a unique constraint.\n          }\n\n          statements.push(stmt);\n          break;\n        }\n        case \"update\": {\n          const setEntries = Object.entries(op.set!);\n          setEntries.forEach(([k]) => validateColumnName(k));\n          const setClauses = setEntries.map(\n            ([k, v]) => `\"${k}\" = ${escapeLiteral(v)}`,\n          );\n          const { clause } = buildWhereClause(op.data);\n          statements.push(\n            `UPDATE ${qualifiedTable} SET ${setClauses.join(\", \")} WHERE ${clause}`,\n          );\n          break;\n        }\n        case \"delete\": {\n          const { clause } = buildWhereClause(op.data);\n          statements.push(`DELETE FROM ${qualifiedTable} WHERE ${clause}`);\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    return statements;\n  }\n\n  private validateTable(table: string): void {\n    if (!this.subgraphSchema[table]) {\n      throw new Error(\n        `Table \"${table}\" not found in subgraph schema. Available: [${Object.keys(this.subgraphSchema).join(\", \")}]`,\n      );\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n// --- Helpers ---\n\nfunction escapeLiteral(value: unknown): string {\n  if (value === null || value === undefined) return \"NULL\";\n  if (typeof value === \"number\" || typeof value === \"bigint\") return String(value);\n  if (typeof value === \"boolean\") return value ? \"TRUE\" : \"FALSE\";\n  if (typeof value === \"object\") return `'${JSON.stringify(value).replace(/'/g, \"''\")}'::jsonb`;\n  // String — escape single quotes\n  return `'${String(value).replace(/'/g, \"''\")}'`;\n}\n\nfunction buildWhereClause(where: Record<string, unknown>): {\n  clause: string;\n  values: unknown[];\n} {\n  const entries = Object.entries(where);\n  if (entries.length === 0) return { clause: \"TRUE\", values: [] };\n\n  entries.forEach(([k]) => validateColumnName(k));\n  const parts = entries.map(([k, v]) => `\"${k}\" = ${escapeLiteral(v)}`);\n  return { clause: parts.join(\" AND \"), values: [] };\n}\n"
+    "import { sql, type Kysely, type Transaction } from \"kysely\";\nimport type { Database } from \"@secondlayer/shared/db\";\nimport { logger } from \"@secondlayer/shared/logger\";\nimport type { SubgraphSchema } from \"../types.ts\";\n\ntype AnyDb = Kysely<Database> | Transaction<Database>;\n\ninterface WriteOp {\n  kind: \"insert\" | \"update\" | \"delete\";\n  table: string;\n  data: Record<string, unknown>;\n  /** For update: SET clause */\n  set?: Record<string, unknown>;\n}\n\nexport interface BlockMeta {\n  height: number;\n  hash: string;\n  timestamp: number;\n  burnBlockHeight: number;\n}\n\nexport interface TxMeta {\n  txId: string;\n  sender: string;\n  type: string;\n  status: string;\n}\n\n/** Validate that a column name is safe for SQL identifiers */\nfunction validateColumnName(name: string): void {\n  if (!/^[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*$/i.test(name)) {\n    throw new Error(`Invalid column name: ${name}`);\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Runtime context passed to subgraph handlers.\n * Batches writes and flushes them atomically at the end of a block.\n * Reads execute immediately against the DB (pre-flush state).\n */\nexport class SubgraphContext {\n  readonly block: BlockMeta;\n  private _tx: TxMeta;\n  private readonly db: AnyDb;\n  private readonly pgSchemaName: string;\n  private readonly subgraphSchema: SubgraphSchema;\n  private readonly ops: WriteOp[] = [];\n\n  constructor(\n    db: AnyDb,\n    pgSchemaName: string,\n    subgraphSchema: SubgraphSchema,\n    block: BlockMeta,\n    tx: TxMeta,\n  ) {\n    this.db = db;\n    this.pgSchemaName = pgSchemaName;\n    this.subgraphSchema = subgraphSchema;\n    this.block = block;\n    this._tx = tx;\n  }\n\n  get tx(): TxMeta {\n    return this._tx;\n  }\n\n  /** Update the current transaction context (used by runner between events) */\n  setTx(tx: TxMeta): void {\n    this._tx = tx;\n  }\n\n  // --- Write operations (batched) ---\n\n  insert(table: string, row: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    this.ops.push({ kind: \"insert\", table, data: row });\n  }\n\n  update(\n    table: string,\n    where: Record<string, unknown>,\n    set: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ): void {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    this.ops.push({ kind: \"update\", table, data: where, set });\n  }\n\n  upsert(\n    table: string,\n    key: Record<string, unknown>,\n    row: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ): void {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    const tableDef = this.subgraphSchema[table]!;\n    const keyColumns = Object.keys(key);\n\n    // Check if there's a matching uniqueKeys constraint\n    const hasUniqueConstraint = tableDef.uniqueKeys?.some(\n      (uk) => uk.length === keyColumns.length && uk.every((c) => keyColumns.includes(c)),\n    );\n\n    if (hasUniqueConstraint) {\n      // Use ON CONFLICT for proper upsert\n      this.ops.push({ kind: \"insert\", table, data: { ...key, ...row, _upsert_keys: keyColumns } });\n    } else {\n      // Fallback: log warning, use findOne + conditional insert/update\n      logger.warn(\"upsert called without matching uniqueKeys constraint, using fallback\", {\n        table,\n        keys: keyColumns,\n      });\n      this.ops.push({ kind: \"insert\", table, data: { ...key, ...row, _upsert_fallback_keys: keyColumns, _upsert_fallback_set: row } });\n    }\n  }\n\n  delete(table: string, where: Record<string, unknown>): void {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    this.ops.push({ kind: \"delete\", table, data: where });\n  }\n\n  // --- Read operations (immediate) ---\n\n  async findOne(\n    table: string,\n    where: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ): Promise<Record<string, unknown> | null> {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    const qualifiedTable = `\"${this.pgSchemaName}\".\"${table}\"`;\n    const { clause } = buildWhereClause(where);\n    const query = `SELECT * FROM ${qualifiedTable} WHERE ${clause} LIMIT 1`;\n    const { rows } = await sql.raw(query).execute(this.db);\n    const row = (rows as Record<string, unknown>[])[0] ?? null;\n    return row ? this.coerceRow(table, row) : null;\n  }\n\n  async findMany(\n    table: string,\n    where: Record<string, unknown>,\n  ): Promise<Record<string, unknown>[]> {\n    this.validateTable(table);\n    const qualifiedTable = `\"${this.pgSchemaName}\".\"${table}\"`;\n    const { clause } = buildWhereClause(where);\n    const query = `SELECT * FROM ${qualifiedTable} WHERE ${clause}`;\n    const { rows } = await sql.raw(query).execute(this.db);\n    return (rows as Record<string, unknown>[]).map((r) => this.coerceRow(table, r));\n  }\n\n  /** Coerce string values from Postgres back to BigInt for uint/int columns */\n  private coerceRow(table: string, row: Record<string, unknown>): Record<string, unknown> {\n    const tableDef = this.subgraphSchema[table];\n    if (!tableDef) return row;\n    const result = { ...row };\n    for (const [col, def] of Object.entries(tableDef.columns)) {\n      if ((def.type === \"uint\" || def.type === \"int\") && typeof result[col] === \"string\") {\n        result[col] = BigInt(result[col] as string);\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  }\n\n  // --- Flush ---\n\n  /** Number of pending write operations */\n  get pendingOps(): number {\n    return this.ops.length;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Execute all batched writes in a single transaction.\n   * Auto-populates _block_height, _tx_id, _created_at on inserts.\n   */\n  async flush(): Promise<number> {\n    if (this.ops.length === 0) return 0;\n\n    const opsToFlush = [...this.ops];\n    this.ops.length = 0;\n\n    const statements = this.buildStatements(opsToFlush);\n\n    // If db is already a transaction, execute directly\n    if (\"isTransaction\" in this.db) {\n      for (const stmt of statements) {\n        await sql.raw(stmt).execute(this.db);\n      }\n    } else {\n      await (this.db as Kysely<Database>).transaction().execute(async (tx) => {\n        for (const stmt of statements) {\n          await sql.raw(stmt).execute(tx);\n        }\n      });\n    }\n\n    return opsToFlush.length;\n  }\n\n  /** Prepare a single insert row, returning its data, columns, upsert key for batching. */\n  private prepareInsert(op: WriteOp): {\n    data: Record<string, unknown>;\n    cols: string[];\n    vals: string[];\n    upsertKeys: string[] | undefined;\n    batchKey: string;\n  } {\n    const upsertKeys = op.data._upsert_keys as string[] | undefined;\n    const data = { ...op.data };\n    delete data._upsert_keys;\n    delete data._upsert_fallback_keys;\n    delete data._upsert_fallback_set;\n\n    data._block_height = this.block.height;\n    data._tx_id = this._tx.txId;\n    data._created_at = \"NOW()\";\n\n    const cols = Object.keys(data);\n    cols.forEach(validateColumnName);\n    const vals = cols.map((c) =>\n      data[c] === \"NOW()\" ? \"NOW()\" : escapeLiteral(data[c]),\n    );\n\n    // Batch key: table + sorted columns + upsert key signature (spread to avoid mutating cols)\n    const batchKey = `${op.table}:${[...cols].sort().join(\",\")}:${upsertKeys ? 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+  "debugId": "CE4757E3FCD15A2D64756E2164756E21",
   "names": []
 }

package/dist/src/runtime/processor.js

@@ -122,53 +122,83 @@ class SubgraphContext {
     }
     return opsToFlush.length;
   }
+  prepareInsert(op) {
+    const upsertKeys = op.data._upsert_keys;
+    const data = { ...op.data };
+    delete data._upsert_keys;
+    delete data._upsert_fallback_keys;
+    delete data._upsert_fallback_set;
+    data._block_height = this.block.height;
+    data._tx_id = this._tx.txId;
+    data._created_at = "NOW()";
+    const cols = Object.keys(data);
+    cols.forEach(validateColumnName);
+    const vals = cols.map((c) => data[c] === "NOW()" ? "NOW()" : escapeLiteral(data[c]));
+    const batchKey = `${op.table}:${[...cols].sort().join(",")}:${upsertKeys ? [...upsertKeys].sort().join(",") : ""}`;
+    return { data, cols, vals, upsertKeys, batchKey };
+  }
   buildStatements(ops) {
     const statements = [];
+    let currentBatch = null;
+    let currentBatchKey = "";
+    const flushInsertBatch = () => {
+      if (!currentBatch)
+        return;
+      const qualifiedTable = `"${this.pgSchemaName}"."${currentBatch.table}"`;
+      const colList = currentBatch.cols.map((c) => `"${c}"`).join(", ");
+      let rows = currentBatch.rows;
+      if (currentBatch.upsertKeys && currentBatch.upsertKeys.length > 0) {
+        const keyIndices = currentBatch.upsertKeys.map((k) => currentBatch.cols.indexOf(k));
+        const seen = new Map;
+        for (let i = 0;i < rows.length; i++) {
+          const key = keyIndices.map((ki) => rows[i][ki]).join("\x00");
+          seen.set(key, i);
+        }
+        if (seen.size < rows.length) {
+          rows = Array.from(seen.values()).map((i) => rows[i]);
+        }
+      }
+      const valuesList = rows.map((r) => `(${r.join(", ")})`).join(", ");
+      let stmt = `INSERT INTO ${qualifiedTable} (${colList}) VALUES ${valuesList}`;
+      if (currentBatch.upsertKeys && currentBatch.upsertKeys.length > 0) {
+        const updateCols = currentBatch.cols.filter((c) => !currentBatch.upsertKeys.includes(c) && !c.startsWith("_"));
+        if (updateCols.length > 0) {
+          const setClauses = updateCols.map((c) => `"${c}" = EXCLUDED."${c}"`);
+          stmt += ` ON CONFLICT (${currentBatch.upsertKeys.map((k) => `"${k}"`).join(", ")}) DO UPDATE SET ${setClauses.join(", ")}`;
+        } else {
+          stmt += ` ON CONFLICT (${currentBatch.upsertKeys.map((k) => `"${k}"`).join(", ")}) DO NOTHING`;
+        }
+      }
+      statements.push(stmt);
+      currentBatch = null;
+      currentBatchKey = "";
+    };
     for (const op of ops) {
       const qualifiedTable = `"${this.pgSchemaName}"."${op.table}"`;
-      switch (op.kind) {
-        case "insert": {
-          const upsertKeys = op.data._upsert_keys;
-          const fallbackKeys = op.data._upsert_fallback_keys;
-          const fallbackSet = op.data._upsert_fallback_set;
-          const data = { ...op.data };
-          delete data._upsert_keys;
-          delete data._upsert_fallback_keys;
-          delete data._upsert_fallback_set;
-          data._block_height = this.block.height;
-          data._tx_id = this._tx.txId;
-          data._created_at = "NOW()";
-          const cols = Object.keys(data);
-          cols.forEach(validateColumnName);
-          const vals = cols.map((c) => data[c] === "NOW()" ? "NOW()" : escapeLiteral(data[c]));
-          let stmt = `INSERT INTO ${qualifiedTable} (${cols.map((c) => `"${c}"`).join(", ")}) VALUES (${vals.join(", ")})`;
-          if (upsertKeys && upsertKeys.length > 0) {
-            const updateCols = cols.filter((c) => !upsertKeys.includes(c) && !c.startsWith("_"));
-            if (updateCols.length > 0) {
-              const setClauses = updateCols.map((c) => `"${c}" = EXCLUDED."${c}"`);
-              stmt += ` ON CONFLICT (${upsertKeys.map((k) => `"${k}"`).join(", ")}) DO UPDATE SET ${setClauses.join(", ")}`;
-            } else {
-              stmt += ` ON CONFLICT (${upsertKeys.map((k) => `"${k}"`).join(", ")}) DO NOTHING`;
-            }
-          } else if (fallbackKeys && fallbackSet) {}
-          statements.push(stmt);
-          break;
+      if (op.kind === "insert") {
+        const { cols, vals, upsertKeys, batchKey } = this.prepareInsert(op);
+        if (batchKey === currentBatchKey && currentBatch) {
+          currentBatch.rows.push(vals);
+        } else {
+          flushInsertBatch();
+          currentBatch = { table: op.table, cols, rows: [vals], upsertKeys };
+          currentBatchKey = batchKey;
         }
-        case "update": {
+      } else {
+        flushInsertBatch();
+        if (op.kind === "update") {
           const setEntries = Object.entries(op.set);
           setEntries.forEach(([k]) => validateColumnName(k));
           const setClauses = setEntries.map(([k, v]) => `"${k}" = ${escapeLiteral(v)}`);
           const { clause } = buildWhereClause(op.data);
           statements.push(`UPDATE ${qualifiedTable} SET ${setClauses.join(", ")} WHERE ${clause}`);
-          break;
-        }
-        case "delete": {
+        } else if (op.kind === "delete") {
           const { clause } = buildWhereClause(op.data);
           statements.push(`DELETE FROM ${qualifiedTable} WHERE ${clause}`);
-          break;
         }
       }
     }
+    flushInsertBatch();
     return statements;
   }
   validateTable(table) {
@@ -418,6 +448,7 @@ import { updateSubgraphStatus, recordSubgraphProcessed } from "@secondlayer/shar
 import { pgSchemaName } from "@secondlayer/shared/db/queries/subgraphs";
 
 // src/runtime/block-processor.ts
+var schemaNameCache = new Map;
 async function processBlock(subgraph, subgraphName, blockHeight, opts) {
   const db = getDb();
   const blockStart = performance.now();
@@ -428,19 +459,26 @@ async function processBlock(subgraph, subgraphName, blockHeight, opts) {
     errors: 0,
     skipped: false
   };
-  const block = await db.selectFrom("blocks").selectAll().where("height", "=", blockHeight).executeTakeFirst();
-  if (!block) {
-    logger3.warn("Block not found for subgraph processing", { subgraph: subgraphName, blockHeight });
-    result.skipped = true;
-    return result;
-  }
-  if (!block.canonical) {
-    logger3.debug("Skipping non-canonical block", { subgraph: subgraphName, blockHeight });
-    result.skipped = true;
-    return result;
+  let block, txs, evts;
+  if (opts?.preloaded) {
+    block = opts.preloaded.block;
+    txs = opts.preloaded.txs;
+    evts = opts.preloaded.events;
+  } else {
+    block = await db.selectFrom("blocks").selectAll().where("height", "=", blockHeight).executeTakeFirst();
+    if (!block) {
+      logger3.warn("Block not found for subgraph processing", { subgraph: subgraphName, blockHeight });
+      result.skipped = true;
+      return result;
+    }
+    if (!block.canonical) {
+      logger3.debug("Skipping non-canonical block", { subgraph: subgraphName, blockHeight });
+      result.skipped = true;
+      return result;
+    }
+    txs = await db.selectFrom("transactions").selectAll().where("block_height", "=", blockHeight).execute();
+    evts = await db.selectFrom("events").selectAll().where("block_height", "=", blockHeight).execute();
   }
-  const txs = await db.selectFrom("transactions").selectAll().where("block_height", "=", blockHeight).execute();
-  const evts = await db.selectFrom("events").selectAll().where("block_height", "=", blockHeight).execute();
   const matched = matchSources(subgraph.sources, txs, evts);
   result.matched = matched.length;
   if (matched.length === 0) {
@@ -449,8 +487,12 @@ async function processBlock(subgraph, subgraphName, blockHeight, opts) {
     }
     return result;
   }
-  const subgraphRecord = await db.selectFrom("subgraphs").select("schema_name").where("name", "=", subgraphName).executeTakeFirst();
-  const schemaName = subgraphRecord?.schema_name ?? pgSchemaName(subgraphName);
+  let schemaName = schemaNameCache.get(subgraphName);
+  if (!schemaName) {
+    const subgraphRecord = await db.selectFrom("subgraphs").select("schema_name").where("name", "=", subgraphName).executeTakeFirst();
+    schemaName = subgraphRecord?.schema_name ?? pgSchemaName(subgraphName);
+    schemaNameCache.set(subgraphName, schemaName);
+  }
   const blockMeta = {
     height: block.height,
     hash: block.hash,
@@ -578,8 +620,62 @@ class StatsAccumulator {
 import { getDb as getDb2 } from "@secondlayer/shared/db";
 import { logger as logger4 } from "@secondlayer/shared/logger";
 import { getSubgraph } from "@secondlayer/shared/db/queries/subgraphs";
+
+// src/runtime/batch-loader.ts
+async function loadBlockRange(db, fromHeight, toHeight) {
+  const [blocks, txs, events] = await Promise.all([
+    db.selectFrom("blocks").selectAll().where("height", ">=", fromHeight).where("height", "<=", toHeight).where("canonical", "=", true).execute(),
+    db.selectFrom("transactions").selectAll().where("block_height", ">=", fromHeight).where("block_height", "<=", toHeight).execute(),
+    db.selectFrom("events").selectAll().where("block_height", ">=", fromHeight).where("block_height", "<=", toHeight).execute()
+  ]);
+  const txsByHeight = new Map;
+  for (const tx of txs) {
+    const h = Number(tx.block_height);
+    const list = txsByHeight.get(h) ?? [];
+    list.push(tx);
+    txsByHeight.set(h, list);
+  }
+  const eventsByHeight = new Map;
+  for (const evt of events) {
+    const h = Number(evt.block_height);
+    const list = eventsByHeight.get(h) ?? [];
+    list.push(evt);
+    eventsByHeight.set(h, list);
+  }
+  const result = new Map;
+  for (const block of blocks) {
+    const h = Number(block.height);
+    result.set(h, {
+      block,
+      txs: txsByHeight.get(h) ?? [],
+      events: eventsByHeight.get(h) ?? []
+    });
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+function avgEventsPerBlock(batch) {
+  if (batch.size === 0)
+    return 0;
+  let totalEvents = 0;
+  for (const data of batch.values()) {
+    totalEvents += data.events.length;
+  }
+  return totalEvents / batch.size;
+}
+
+// src/runtime/catchup.ts
 var LOG_INTERVAL = 1000;
+var DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE = 500;
+var MIN_BATCH_SIZE = 100;
+var MAX_BATCH_SIZE = 1000;
 var catchingUp = new Set;
+function adjustBatchSize(current, avgEvents) {
+  if (avgEvents > 50)
+    return Math.max(Math.round(current * 0.5), MIN_BATCH_SIZE);
+  if (avgEvents < 10)
+    return Math.min(Math.round(current * 1.5), MAX_BATCH_SIZE);
+  return current;
+}
 async function catchUpSubgraph(subgraph, subgraphName) {
   if (catchingUp.has(subgraphName))
     return 0;
@@ -606,24 +702,59 @@ async function catchUpSubgraph(subgraph, subgraphName) {
     });
     const stats = new StatsAccumulator(subgraphName, subgraphRow.api_key_id, true);
     let processed = 0;
-    for (let height = startBlock;height <= chainTip; height++) {
-      const result = await processBlock(subgraph, subgraphName, height);
-      processed++;
-      if (result.timing) {
-        stats.record(result.timing, result.processed);
-        if (stats.shouldFlush()) {
-          await stats.flush(db);
-        }
+    let batchSize = DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE;
+    let currentHeight = startBlock;
+    let nextBatchPromise = loadBlockRange(db, currentHeight, Math.min(currentHeight + batchSize - 1, chainTip));
+    while (currentHeight <= chainTip) {
+      const batch = await nextBatchPromise;
+      const batchEnd = Math.min(currentHeight + batchSize - 1, chainTip);
+      const nextStart = batchEnd + 1;
+      if (nextStart <= chainTip) {
+        const nextEnd = Math.min(nextStart + batchSize - 1, chainTip);
+        nextBatchPromise = loadBlockRange(db, nextStart, nextEnd);
       }
-      if (processed % LOG_INTERVAL === 0) {
-        logger4.info("Subgraph catch-up progress", {
-          subgraph: subgraphName,
-          processed,
-          total: totalBlocks,
-          currentBlock: height,
-          pct: Math.round(processed / totalBlocks * 100)
-        });
+      for (let height = currentHeight;height <= batchEnd; height++) {
+        const blockData = batch.get(height);
+        if (!blockData) {
+          processed++;
+          continue;
+        }
+        let result;
+        try {
+          result = await processBlock(subgraph, subgraphName, height, {
+            preloaded: blockData
+          });
+        } catch (err) {
+          logger4.error("Block processing error during catch-up", {
+            subgraph: subgraphName,
+            blockHeight: height,
+            error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err)
+          });
+          const { updateSubgraphStatus: updateSubgraphStatus2 } = await import("@secondlayer/shared/db/queries/subgraphs");
+          await updateSubgraphStatus2(db, subgraphName, "active", height).catch(() => {});
+          processed++;
+          continue;
+        }
+        processed++;
+        if (result.timing) {
+          stats.record(result.timing, result.processed);
+          if (stats.shouldFlush()) {
+            await stats.flush(db);
+          }
+        }
+        if (processed % LOG_INTERVAL === 0) {
+          logger4.info("Subgraph catch-up progress", {
+            subgraph: subgraphName,
+            processed,
+            total: totalBlocks,
+            currentBlock: height,
+            pct: Math.round(processed / totalBlocks * 100)
+          });
+        }
       }
+      const avg = avgEventsPerBlock(batch);
+      batchSize = adjustBatchSize(batchSize, avg);
+      currentHeight = batchEnd + 1;
     }
     await stats.flush(db);
     logger4.info("Subgraph catch-up complete", {
@@ -650,7 +781,7 @@ async function handleSubgraphReorg(blockHeight, loadSubgraphDef) {
   logger5.info("Propagating reorg to subgraphs", { blockHeight, subgraphCount: activeSubgraphs.length });
   for (const sg of activeSubgraphs) {
     try {
-      const schema = sg.definition?.schema;
+      const schema = sg.definition.schema;
       if (!schema)
         continue;
       const schemaName = sg.schema_name ?? pgSchemaName(sg.name);
@@ -779,5 +910,5 @@ export {
   startSubgraphProcessor
 };
 
-//# debugId=18F6E44E5A06FD9264756E2164756E21
+//# debugId=584F9781CF28817C64756E2164756E21
 //# sourceMappingURL=processor.js.map