@scure/btc-signer 2.0.1 → 2.3.0

package/src/utils.ts

@@ -1,34 +1,234 @@
 import { schnorr, secp256k1 as secp } from '@noble/curves/secp256k1.js';
-import { bytesToNumberBE, numberToBytesBE } from '@noble/curves/utils.js';
+import { abytes, bytesToNumberBE, numberToBytesBE } from '@noble/curves/utils.js';
 import { ripemd160 } from '@noble/hashes/legacy.js';
-import { sha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha2.js';
+import { sha256 as nobleSha256 } from '@noble/hashes/sha2.js';
+import { type TArg, type TRet } from '@noble/hashes/utils.js';
 import { utils as packedUtils, U32LE } from 'micro-packed';
+export { abytes, validateObject as vld } from '@noble/curves/utils.js';
+export { type TArg, type TRet } from '@noble/hashes/utils.js';
 
+/** Hex-like input accepted by helpers in this module. */
 export type Hex = string | Uint8Array;
+/** Byte array alias used across the library. */
 export type Bytes = Uint8Array;
-const Point = secp.Point;
-const Fn = Point.Fn;
-const CURVE_ORDER = Point.Fn.ORDER;
-export const hasEven = (y: bigint) => y % 2n === 0n;
-
-const isBytes: (a: unknown) => a is Uint8Array = packedUtils.isBytes;
-const concatBytes: (...arrays: Uint8Array[]) => Uint8Array = packedUtils.concatBytes;
-const equalBytes: (a: Uint8Array, b: Uint8Array) => boolean = packedUtils.equalBytes;
-export { concatBytes, equalBytes, isBytes, sha256 };
-
-export const hash160 = (msg: Uint8Array): Uint8Array => ripemd160(sha256(msg));
-export const sha256x2 = (...msgs: Uint8Array[]): Uint8Array => sha256(sha256(concatBytes(...msgs)));
-export const randomPrivateKeyBytes: () => Uint8Array = schnorr.utils.randomSecretKey;
-export const pubSchnorr = schnorr.getPublicKey as (priv: string | Uint8Array) => Uint8Array;
-export const pubECDSA: (privateKey: Uint8Array, isCompressed?: boolean) => Uint8Array =
-  secp.getPublicKey;
+
+/**
+ * Validates that a value is a non-negative bigint.
+ * @param n - Value to validate.
+ * @param title - Label included in thrown errors.
+ * @returns The same bigint.
+ * @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
+ * @example
+ * Validate a satoshi amount before transaction encoding.
+ * ```ts
+ * abigint(1n, 'amount');
+ * ```
+ */
+export function abigint(n: unknown, title: string = 'value'): bigint {
+  if (typeof n !== 'bigint')
+    throw new TypeError(`"${title}" expected bigint, got type=${typeof n}`);
+  if (n < _0n) throw new RangeError(`"${title}" expected non-negative bigint, got ${n}`);
+  return n;
+}
+
+import { validateObject as vld } from '@noble/curves/utils.js';
+
+export function aarray<T>(
+  item: unknown,
+  title: string,
+  inner: (elm: T, title: string) => void = () => {}
+): T[] {
+  if (!Array.isArray(item))
+    throw new TypeError(`"${title}" expected array, got type=${typeof item}`);
+  for (let i = 0; i < item.length; i++) inner(item[i], `${title}[${i}]`);
+  return item;
+}
+/**
+ * Asserts something is a string.
+ * @param value - Value to validate.
+ * @param title - Label included in thrown errors.
+ * @returns The validated string.
+ * @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
+ * @example
+ * Validate a label string.
+ *
+ * ```ts
+ * astring('example', 'label');
+ * ```
+ */
+export function astring(value: unknown, title: string = ''): string {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+    const prefix = title && `"${title}" `;
+    throw new TypeError(prefix + 'expected string, got type=' + typeof value);
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+export function validateObject(
+  object: Record<string, any>,
+  fields: Record<string, string> = {},
+  optFields: Record<string, string> = {},
+  _title = 'object'
+) {
+  return vld(object, fields, optFields);
+}
+const Point = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => secp.Point)();
+const Fn = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => Point.Fn)();
+const CURVE_ORDER = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => Point.Fn.ORDER)();
+// Be friendly to bad ECMAScript parsers by not using bigint literals.
+// prettier-ignore
+const _0n = /* @__PURE__ */ BigInt(0), _2n = /* @__PURE__ */ BigInt(2);
+/**
+ * Checks whether a curve y-coordinate is even.
+ * @param y - y-coordinate to inspect
+ * @returns `true` when the coordinate is even.
+ * @example
+ * Check whether a point coordinate has even parity.
+ * ```ts
+ * hasEven(2n);
+ * ```
+ */
+export const hasEven = (y: bigint) => y % _2n === _0n;
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether a value is a Uint8Array.
+ * @param a - value to inspect
+ * @returns `true` when the value is a Uint8Array.
+ * @example
+ * Check whether an unknown value is already bytes.
+ * ```ts
+ * isBytes(new Uint8Array([1]));
+ * ```
+ */
+export const isBytes: (a: unknown) => a is Uint8Array = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  packedUtils.isBytes)();
+/**
+ * Concatenates byte arrays into a single Uint8Array.
+ * @param arrays - byte arrays to concatenate
+ * @returns Concatenated byte array.
+ * @example
+ * Join several byte chunks before hashing or signing them.
+ * ```ts
+ * concatBytes(new Uint8Array([1]), new Uint8Array([2]));
+ * ```
+ */
+export const concatBytes: (...arrays: TArg<Uint8Array[]>) => TRet<Uint8Array> =
+  /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+    packedUtils.concatBytes as (...arrays: TArg<Uint8Array[]>) => TRet<Uint8Array>)();
+/**
+ * Compares two byte arrays for equality.
+ * @param a - first byte array
+ * @param b - second byte array
+ * @returns `true` when both arrays contain the same bytes.
+ * @example
+ * Compare two serialized values without converting them first.
+ * ```ts
+ * equalBytes(new Uint8Array([1]), new Uint8Array([1]));
+ * ```
+ */
+export const equalBytes: (a: TArg<Uint8Array>, b: TArg<Uint8Array>) => boolean =
+  /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+    packedUtils.equalBytes as (a: TArg<Uint8Array>, b: TArg<Uint8Array>) => boolean)();
+/**
+ * SHA-256 hash function.
+ * @param msg - bytes to hash
+ * @returns SHA-256 digest.
+ * @example
+ * Hash a byte array with SHA-256.
+ * ```ts
+ * sha256(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
+ * ```
+ */
+export const sha256: typeof nobleSha256 = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => nobleSha256)();
+
+/**
+ * HASH160 helper used by classic Bitcoin addresses.
+ * @param msg - bytes to hash
+ * @returns RIPEMD160(SHA256(msg)).
+ * @example
+ * Derive the HASH160 used by legacy address formats.
+ * ```ts
+ * hash160(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
+ * ```
+ */
+export const hash160 = (msg: TArg<Uint8Array>): TRet<Uint8Array> =>
+  ripemd160(sha256(msg)) as TRet<Uint8Array>;
+/**
+ * Double-SHA256 helper used by Bitcoin transaction ids.
+ * @param msgs - message parts to concatenate and hash
+ * @returns SHA256(SHA256(concat(msgs))).
+ * @example
+ * Compute the double-SHA256 used by txids and sighashes.
+ * ```ts
+ * sha256x2(new Uint8Array([1]), new Uint8Array([2]));
+ * ```
+ */
+export const sha256x2 = (...msgs: TArg<Uint8Array[]>): TRet<Uint8Array> =>
+  sha256(sha256(concatBytes(...msgs))) as TRet<Uint8Array>;
+/**
+ * Generates a random secp256k1 private key.
+ * @returns Random 32-byte private key.
+ * @example
+ * Generate a fresh secp256k1 private key for signing.
+ * ```ts
+ * const privKey = randomPrivateKeyBytes();
+ * ```
+ */
+export const randomPrivateKeyBytes = (): TRet<Uint8Array> =>
+  schnorr.utils.randomSecretKey() as TRet<Uint8Array>;
+/**
+ * Derives a BIP340 Schnorr public key from a private key.
+ * @param priv - private key bytes
+ * @returns X-only public key bytes.
+ * @example
+ * Derive the x-only public key used by Schnorr and Taproot.
+ * ```ts
+ * import { pubSchnorr, randomPrivateKeyBytes } from '@scure/btc-signer/utils.js';
+ * pubSchnorr(randomPrivateKeyBytes());
+ * ```
+ */
+export const pubSchnorr = (priv: TArg<Uint8Array>): TRet<Uint8Array> =>
+  schnorr.getPublicKey(priv) as TRet<Uint8Array>;
+/**
+ * Derives a secp256k1 ECDSA public key from a private key.
+ * @param privateKey - private key bytes
+ * @param isCompressed - whether to return the compressed form
+ * @returns Serialized public key bytes.
+ * @example
+ * Derive the normal secp256k1 public key for legacy or SegWit scripts.
+ * ```ts
+ * import { pubECDSA, randomPrivateKeyBytes } from '@scure/btc-signer/utils.js';
+ * pubECDSA(randomPrivateKeyBytes());
+ * ```
+ */
+export const pubECDSA = (privateKey: TArg<Uint8Array>, isCompressed?: boolean): TRet<Uint8Array> =>
+  secp.getPublicKey(privateKey, isCompressed) as TRet<Uint8Array>;
 
 // low-r signature grinding. Used to reduce tx size by 1 byte.
 // noble/secp256k1 does not support the feature: it is not used outside of BTC.
 // We implement it manually, because in BTC it's common.
 // Not best way, but closest to bitcoin implementation (easier to check)
-const hasLowR = (sig: { r: bigint; s: bigint }) => sig.r < CURVE_ORDER / 2n;
-export function signECDSA(hash: Bytes, privateKey: Bytes, lowR = false): Bytes {
+// Hoisted: the bound is constant; no need to redo the bigint division on every
+// grinding-loop iteration. n/2 < 2^255, so r < n/2 guarantees the 32-byte DER r.
+const LOW_R_BOUND = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => CURVE_ORDER / _2n)();
+const hasLowR = (sig: { r: bigint; s: bigint }) => sig.r < LOW_R_BOUND;
+/**
+ * Signs a 32-byte hash with ECDSA and returns DER encoding.
+ * @param hash - message hash to sign
+ * @param privateKey - signer private key
+ * @param lowR - whether to grind for low-R signatures
+ * @returns DER-encoded signature bytes.
+ * @throws If low-R grinding overflows or ECDSA signing fails validation. {@link Error}
+ * @example
+ * Hash a message first, then create the DER-encoded ECDSA signature.
+ * ```ts
+ * import { randomPrivateKeyBytes, sha256, signECDSA } from '@scure/btc-signer/utils.js';
+ * signECDSA(sha256(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3])), randomPrivateKeyBytes());
+ * ```
+ */
+export function signECDSA(hash: TArg<Bytes>, privateKey: TArg<Bytes>, lowR = false): TRet<Bytes> {
+  // signECDSA is the 32-byte sighash wrapper for BTC callers, so reject arbitrary-length
+  // messages here instead of silently signing them with prehash disabled.
+  abytes(hash, 32, 'hash');
   let sig = secp.Signature.fromBytes(secp.sign(hash, privateKey, { prehash: false }));
   if (lowR && !hasLowR(sig)) {
     const extraEntropy = new Uint8Array(32);
@@ -39,34 +239,100 @@ export function signECDSA(hash: Bytes, privateKey: Bytes, lowR = false): Bytes {
       if (counter > 4294967295) throw new Error('lowR counter overflow: report the error');
     }
   }
-  return sig.toBytes('der');
+  return sig.toBytes('der') as TRet<Bytes>;
 }
 
-export const signSchnorr: typeof schnorr.sign = schnorr.sign;
-export const tagSchnorr: typeof schnorr.utils.taggedHash = schnorr.utils.taggedHash;
+/**
+ * BIP340 Schnorr signing function.
+ * @param message - 32-byte message digest
+ * @param secretKey - signer private key
+ * @param auxRand - optional auxiliary randomness
+ * @returns Schnorr signature bytes.
+ * @example
+ * Sign a 32-byte digest with the built-in BIP340 helper.
+ * ```ts
+ * import { randomPrivateKeyBytes, sha256, signSchnorr } from '@scure/btc-signer/utils.js';
+ * const msg = sha256(new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3]));
+ * signSchnorr(msg, randomPrivateKeyBytes());
+ * ```
+ */
+export const signSchnorr = (
+  message: TArg<Uint8Array>,
+  secretKey: TArg<Uint8Array>,
+  auxRand?: TArg<Uint8Array>
+): TRet<Uint8Array> => schnorr.sign(message, secretKey, auxRand) as TRet<Uint8Array>;
+/**
+ * Tagged-hash helper used by Schnorr and taproot constructions.
+ * @param tag - tagged-hash domain separator
+ * @param messages - message parts hashed under the tag
+ * @returns Tagged SHA-256 digest.
+ * @example
+ * Build the tagged hash used by Taproot leaves or tweaks.
+ * ```ts
+ * import { tagSchnorr } from '@scure/btc-signer/utils.js';
+ * tagSchnorr('TapLeaf', Uint8Array.of(0xc0), Uint8Array.of(0x51));
+ * ```
+ */
+export const tagSchnorr = (tag: string, ...messages: TArg<Uint8Array[]>): TRet<Uint8Array> =>
+  schnorr.utils.taggedHash(tag, ...messages) as TRet<Uint8Array>;
 
-export const PubT = {
-  ecdsa: 0,
-  schnorr: 1,
-};
+/** Public key format tags used by validation helpers. */
+export const PubT = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  Object.freeze({
+    ecdsa: 0,
+    schnorr: 1,
+  }))();
+/** Numeric public key format tag from {@link PubT}. */
 export type PubT = ValueOf<typeof PubT>;
 
-export function validatePubkey(pub: Bytes, type: PubT): Bytes {
+/**
+ * Validates a public key against the expected Bitcoin key encoding.
+ * @param pub - public key bytes to validate
+ * @param type - expected public key format
+ * @returns The validated public key bytes.
+ * @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
+ * @throws On wrong argument ranges or values. {@link RangeError}
+ * @example
+ * Reject keys that do not match the encoding required by the current script path.
+ * ```ts
+ * import {
+ *   PubT,
+ *   pubECDSA,
+ *   randomPrivateKeyBytes,
+ *   validatePubkey,
+ * } from '@scure/btc-signer/utils.js';
+ * validatePubkey(pubECDSA(randomPrivateKeyBytes()), PubT.ecdsa);
+ * ```
+ */
+export function validatePubkey(pub: TArg<Bytes>, type: PubT): TRet<Bytes> {
   const len = pub.length;
   if (type === PubT.ecdsa) {
-    if (len === 32) throw new Error('Expected non-Schnorr key');
+    if (len === 32) throw new RangeError('Expected non-Schnorr key');
     Point.fromBytes(pub); // does assertValidity
-    return pub;
+    return pub as TRet<Bytes>;
   } else if (type === PubT.schnorr) {
-    if (len !== 32) throw new Error('Expected 32-byte Schnorr key');
+    if (len !== 32) throw new RangeError('Expected 32-byte Schnorr key');
     schnorr.utils.lift_x(bytesToNumberBE(pub));
-    return pub;
+    return pub as TRet<Bytes>;
   } else {
-    throw new Error('Unknown key type');
+    throw new TypeError('Unknown key type');
   }
 }
 
-export function tapTweak(a: Bytes, b: Bytes): bigint {
+/**
+ * Computes the Taproot tweak scalar from an internal key and merkle root.
+ * @param a - internal key bytes
+ * @param b - optional merkle root bytes
+ * @returns Taproot tweak scalar.
+ * @throws If the tweak scalar is outside the curve order. {@link Error}
+ * @example
+ * Combine the internal key and Merkle root into the Taproot tweak scalar.
+ * ```ts
+ * import { pubSchnorr, randomPrivateKeyBytes, tapTweak } from '@scure/btc-signer/utils.js';
+ * tapTweak(pubSchnorr(randomPrivateKeyBytes()), new Uint8Array());
+ * ```
+ */
+export function tapTweak(a: TArg<Bytes>, b: TArg<Bytes>): bigint {
   const u = schnorr.utils;
   const t = u.taggedHash('TapTweak', a, b);
   const tn = bytesToNumberBE(t);
@@ -74,8 +340,27 @@ export function tapTweak(a: Bytes, b: Bytes): bigint {
   return tn;
 }
 
-export function taprootTweakPrivKey(privKey: Bytes, merkleRoot: Bytes = Uint8Array.of()): Bytes {
+/**
+ * Tweaks a private key for Taproot key-path spending.
+ * @param privKey - internal private key bytes
+ * @param merkleRoot - optional taproot merkle root
+ * @returns Tweaked private key bytes.
+ * @throws If the Taproot tweak scalar is outside the curve order. {@link Error}
+ * @example
+ * Derive the tweaked Taproot key-path secret from the internal private key.
+ * ```ts
+ * import { randomPrivateKeyBytes, taprootTweakPrivKey } from '@scure/btc-signer/utils.js';
+ * taprootTweakPrivKey(randomPrivateKeyBytes());
+ * ```
+ */
+export function taprootTweakPrivKey(
+  privKey: TArg<Bytes>,
+  merkleRoot: TArg<Bytes> = Uint8Array.of()
+): TRet<Bytes> {
   const u = schnorr.utils;
+  // BIP341 taproot_tweak_seckey starts with `seckey0 = int_from_bytes(seckey0)`, and
+  // BIP340 defines `int(x)` only for `x` as a 32-byte array, so reject other widths here.
+  abytes(privKey, 32, 'privKey');
   const seckey0 = bytesToNumberBE(privKey); // seckey0 = int_from_bytes(seckey0)
   const P = Point.BASE.multiply(seckey0); // P = point_mul(G, seckey0)
   // seckey = seckey0 if has_even_y(P) else SECP256K1_ORDER - seckey0
@@ -84,49 +369,95 @@ export function taprootTweakPrivKey(privKey: Bytes, merkleRoot: Bytes = Uint8Arr
   // t = int_from_bytes(tagged_hash("TapTweak", bytes_from_int(x(P)) + h)); >= SECP256K1_ORDER check
   const t = tapTweak(xP, merkleRoot);
   // bytes_from_int((seckey + t) % SECP256K1_ORDER)
-  return numberToBytesBE(Fn.add(seckey, t), 32);
+  return numberToBytesBE(Fn.add(seckey, t), 32) as TRet<Bytes>;
 }
 
-export function taprootTweakPubkey(pubKey: Bytes, h: Bytes): [Bytes, number] {
+/**
+ * Tweaks a Schnorr public key for Taproot key-path spending.
+ * @param pubKey - x-only internal public key
+ * @param h - taproot merkle root
+ * @returns Tweaked public key and output-key parity.
+ * @throws If the Taproot tweak scalar is outside the curve order. {@link Error}
+ * @example
+ * Derive the final Taproot output key from the internal key and Merkle root.
+ * ```ts
+ * import {
+ *   pubSchnorr,
+ *   randomPrivateKeyBytes,
+ *   taprootTweakPubkey,
+ * } from '@scure/btc-signer/utils.js';
+ * taprootTweakPubkey(pubSchnorr(randomPrivateKeyBytes()), new Uint8Array());
+ * ```
+ */
+export function taprootTweakPubkey(pubKey: TArg<Bytes>, h: TArg<Bytes>): TRet<[Bytes, number]> {
   const u = schnorr.utils;
+  // BIP341 taproot_tweak_pubkey feeds `pubkey` into `int_from_bytes(pubkey)`, and
+  // BIP340 defines `int(x)` only for `x` as a 32-byte array, so reject other widths here.
+  abytes(pubKey, 32, 'pubKey');
   const t = tapTweak(pubKey, h); // t = int_from_bytes(tagged_hash("TapTweak", pubkey + h))
   const P = u.lift_x(bytesToNumberBE(pubKey)); // P = lift_x(int_from_bytes(pubkey))
   const Q = P.add(Point.BASE.multiply(t)); // Q = point_add(P, point_mul(G, t))
   const parity = hasEven(Q.y) ? 0 : 1; // 0 if has_even_y(Q) else 1
-  return [u.pointToBytes(Q), parity]; // bytes_from_int(x(Q))
+  return [u.pointToBytes(Q), parity] as TRet<[Bytes, number]>; // bytes_from_int(x(Q))
 }
 
 // Another stupid decision, where lack of standard affects security.
 // Multisig needs to be generated with some key.
-// We are using approach from BIP 341/bitcoinjs-lib: SHA256(uncompressedDER(SECP256K1_GENERATOR_POINT))
+// We are using the BIP 341/bitcoinjs-lib approach:
+// SHA256(uncompressedDER(SECP256K1_GENERATOR_POINT))
 // It is possible to switch SECP256K1_GENERATOR_POINT with some random point;
 // but it's too complex to prove.
 // Also used by bitcoin-core and bitcoinjs-lib
-export const TAPROOT_UNSPENDABLE_KEY: Bytes = sha256(Point.BASE.toBytes(false));
+// This is the fixed BIP 341 H example, not the privacy-preserving H + rG variant.
+// Downstream helpers use exact-byte equality with it to recognize
+// library-generated script-only outputs.
+/** Standard unspendable internal key used for script-only Taproot outputs. */
+export const TAPROOT_UNSPENDABLE_KEY: TRet<Bytes> = /* @__PURE__ */ (() =>
+  sha256(Point.BASE.toBytes(false)) as TRet<Bytes>)();
 
+/** Bitcoin network parameters. */
 export type BTC_NETWORK = {
+  /** Human-readable prefix used by Bech32 and Bech32m addresses. */
   bech32: string;
+  /** Base58 version byte for pay-to-public-key-hash addresses. */
   pubKeyHash: number;
+  /** Base58 version byte for pay-to-script-hash addresses. */
   scriptHash: number;
+  /** Base58 version byte for wallet-import-format private keys. */
   wif: number;
 };
-export const NETWORK: BTC_NETWORK = {
+/** Bitcoin mainnet network parameters. */
+export const NETWORK: BTC_NETWORK = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({
   bech32: 'bc',
   pubKeyHash: 0x00,
   scriptHash: 0x05,
   wif: 0x80,
-};
+});
 
-export const TEST_NETWORK: BTC_NETWORK = {
+/** Bitcoin testnet network parameters. */
+export const TEST_NETWORK: BTC_NETWORK = /* @__PURE__ */ Object.freeze({
   bech32: 'tb',
   pubKeyHash: 0x6f,
   scriptHash: 0xc4,
   wif: 0xef,
-};
+});
 
 // Exported for tests, internal method
-export function compareBytes(a: Bytes, b: Bytes): number {
-  if (!isBytes(a) || !isBytes(b)) throw new Error(`cmp: wrong type a=${typeof a} b=${typeof b}`);
+/**
+ * Lexicographically compares two byte arrays.
+ * @param a - first byte array
+ * @param b - second byte array
+ * @returns `-1`, `0`, or `1` depending on the ordering.
+ * @throws On wrong argument types. {@link TypeError}
+ * @example
+ * Compare two serialized keys using Bitcoin's byte ordering.
+ * ```ts
+ * compareBytes(new Uint8Array([1]), new Uint8Array([2]));
+ * ```
+ */
+export function compareBytes(a: TArg<Bytes>, b: TArg<Bytes>): number {
+  if (!isBytes(a) || !isBytes(b))
+    throw new TypeError(`cmp: wrong type a=${typeof a} b=${typeof b}`);
   // -1 -> a<b, 0 -> a==b, 1 -> a>b
   const len = Math.min(a.length, b.length);
   for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) if (a[i] != b[i]) return Math.sign(a[i] - b[i]);
@@ -134,10 +465,23 @@ export function compareBytes(a: Bytes, b: Bytes): number {
 }
 
 // Reverses key<->values
+/**
+ * Reverses an object's keys and values.
+ * @param obj - object to reverse
+ * @returns Object with original values mapped back to keys.
+ * @throws If duplicate values would collide while reversing the object. {@link Error}
+ * @example
+ * Flip a lookup table so the values become keys.
+ * ```ts
+ * reverseObject({ a: 1, b: 2 });
+ * ```
+ */
 export function reverseObject<T extends Record<string, string | number>>(
   obj: T
 ): { [K in T[keyof T]]: Extract<keyof T, string> } {
-  const res = {} as any;
+  // Keep a raw dictionary shape so enum-like tables can reverse values like
+  // `toString` without colliding with inherited Object prototype properties.
+  const res = Object.create(null) as any;
   for (const k in obj) {
     if (res[obj[k]] !== undefined) throw new Error('duplicate key');
     res[obj[k]] = k;
@@ -145,4 +489,5 @@ export function reverseObject<T extends Record<string, string | number>>(
   return res;
 }
 
+/** Union of all value types in an object type. */
 export type ValueOf<T> = T[keyof T];