@scriptc/compiler 0.4.0 → 0.4.2

package/dist/frontend/lowering/lower-stream.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+import { keyedHelperName } from "./stable-names.js";
 import { nodeThrowExpr, boolLit, numLit, strLit } from "../../ir/build.js";
-import { hashStreamOf, isHashValueType } from "./builtins/hash-stream.js";
+import { isValueStream, valueStreamOf } from "./builtins/hash-stream.js";
 import { InternalCompilerError } from "../../errors.js";
 /* The node:stream lowering (the spoke-module pattern, like
  * lower-event-emitter.ts): construction of the five runtime stream classes
@@ -43,8 +44,11 @@ import { dynUndefinedExpr, varRef } from "../../ir/build.js";
 import { genResultRecord } from "../type-mapper.js";
 import { noteUntypedStreamFlow, requestGeneralStreamSurface } from "./general-streams.js";
 import { dynNativeBranch } from "./dyn-streams.js";
+import { bindingNeverReassigned } from "./binding-analysis.js";
 import { extractIteratorValue, genStep, genValue, stepDrivable } from "./lower-generators.js";
-import { BOOL, DYN, F64, RUNTIME_STREAM_CLASSES, STRING, VOID, arrayOf, BYTES_U8, canBoxFuncIntoDyn, canConvertToDyn, funcOf, typeEquals, typeKey, } from "../../ir/ir.js";
+import { LiftedFrame, driveGenerator } from "./containers/iterator-helpers.js";
+import { lowerArrayIteratorValue, lowerStringIteratorValue } from "./iterator-adapters.js";
+import { BOOL, DYN, F64, RUNTIME_STREAM_CLASSES, STRING, VOID, arrayOf, BYTES_U8, canBoxFuncIntoDyn, canConvertToDyn, funcOf, typeEquals, typeKey, UNDEFINED_T, } from "../../ir/ir.js";
 const BYTES = BYTES_U8;
 /** An expression that only reads bindings and properties (no calls,
  * assignments or construction): reading it a step later observes the
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ export function streamForcedTuple(lowerer, info, name) {
  * (Node calls them stream-bound); arrows keep lexical `this` (the hidden
  * leading param is ABI-only). The declared parameters must be a
  * typeEquals PREFIX of the callback's Node signature. */
-function lowerStreamCallback(lowerer, which, node, thisType, fullTuple) {
+function lowerStreamCallback(lowerer, which, node, thisType, fullTuple, chunkValues = true) {
     const loc = locOf(node);
     const { shapes, funcType } = lowerer.lambdaSignature(node);
     if (node.modifiers?.nodes.some((m) => m.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.AsyncKeyword)) {
@@ -245,11 +249,24 @@ function lowerStreamCallback(lowerer, which, node, thisType, fullTuple) {
         // callable dyn whose glue dispatches to the runtime's *_done).
         if (funcType.params[i].kind === "dyn")
             continue;
+        // A write or transform chunk of another type converts from the
+        // chunk's value when the callback runs (an object-mode side's value),
+        // or throws a TypeError there — on a side known to be byte mode the
+        // chunk is a Buffer, so the declared type must be Node's or a
+        // supertype of it (`Buffer | string`); an encoding of another type
+        // (`string | null | undefined`) converts from the encoding argument's
+        // value.
+        if (((i === 0 && (chunkValues || widensInto(lowerer, fullTuple[0], funcType.params[0], loc))) ||
+            i === 1) &&
+            (which === "write" || which === "transform") &&
+            funcType.params[i].kind !== "func" &&
+            canConvertToDyn(funcType.params[i], (id) => lowerer.shapes.get(id), (id) => lowerer.unions.get(id)))
+            continue;
         if (!typeEquals(funcType.params[i], fullTuple[i])) {
             lowerer.noLowering(`a '${which}' callback whose parameter ${i} is '${lowerer.fmt(funcType.params[i])}' where Node passes '${lowerer.fmt(fullTuple[i])}'`, node, "annotate the parameter with the Node signature's type (chunks are Buffers here)");
         }
     }
-    const fnName = `%fn${lowerer.lambdaCounter++}_${which}cb`;
+    const fnName = lowerer.closureName(loc, `_${which}cb`);
     const fnCtx = newFnCtx(true, null, funcType, funcType.ret);
     lowerer.fnStack.push(fnCtx);
     try {
@@ -311,6 +328,52 @@ function lowerStreamCallback(lowerer, which, node, thisType, fullTuple) {
         lowerer.fnStack.pop();
     }
 }
+/** The objectMode, readableObjectMode and writableObjectMode members of a
+ * stream options literal (boolean literals; the sided keys count only on
+ * a Duplex, Transform or PassThrough, as in Node). */
+function streamObjectModes(lowerer, ctorName, optsLit) {
+    const out = { readable: false, writable: false };
+    const duplexish = ctorName !== "Readable" && ctorName !== "Writable";
+    for (const prop of optsLit?.properties?.nodes ?? []) {
+        if (!ts.isPropertyAssignment(prop))
+            continue;
+        const name = ts.isIdentifier(prop.name) || ts.isStringLiteral(prop.name) ? prop.name.text : null;
+        if (name !== "objectMode" && name !== "readableObjectMode" && name !== "writableObjectMode")
+            continue;
+        const value = prop.initializer;
+        if (value.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.FalseKeyword)
+            continue;
+        if (value.kind !== ts.SyntaxKind.TrueKeyword) {
+            lowerer.noLowering(`${ctorName} with a runtime '${name}' value`, prop, `write '${name}: true' or '${name}: false'`);
+        }
+        if (name === "objectMode") {
+            out.readable = true;
+            out.writable = true;
+        }
+        else if (duplexish) {
+            if (name === "readableObjectMode")
+                out.readable = true;
+            else
+                out.writable = true;
+        }
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+/** Whether an options literal sets the writable side's object mode with a
+ * `true` literal (objectMode, or writableObjectMode on a duplex stream).
+ * Reports nothing: streamObjectModes fences the other value forms. */
+function literalWritesValues(opts, duplexish) {
+    for (const prop of opts.properties?.nodes ?? []) {
+        if (!ts.isPropertyAssignment(prop))
+            continue;
+        const name = ts.isIdentifier(prop.name) || ts.isStringLiteral(prop.name) ? prop.name.text : null;
+        if (name !== "objectMode" && !(duplexish && name === "writableObjectMode"))
+            continue;
+        if (prop.initializer.kind !== ts.SyntaxKind.FalseKeyword)
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
 /** The full Node parameter tuples of the option callbacks, given the
  * concrete stream's `this` type. The trailing completion callbacks keep
  * whatever func type the checker contextually gave the user's parameter
@@ -538,6 +601,8 @@ fallbackCb) {
         badEncoding: null,
         pushEncoding: null,
         signal: null,
+        readableObject: false,
+        writableObject: false,
         flags: 0,
         cbs: [],
     };
@@ -546,6 +611,16 @@ fallbackCb) {
     if (optsLit !== undefined && !ts.isObjectLiteralExpression(optsLit)) {
         lowerer.noLowering(`new ${ctorName} with a non-literal options argument`, optsLit, "the options must be an object literal, inline or through const-initialized bindings (the callbacks lower as compile-time closures)");
     }
+    // Read before the callbacks lower: an object-mode readable side keeps a
+    // completion callback's `data: any` (its values are not only strings and
+    // Buffers). An object-mode side's high-water mark defaults to 16.
+    const objectModes = streamObjectModes(lowerer, ctorName, optsLit !== undefined && ts.isObjectLiteralExpression(optsLit) ? optsLit : undefined);
+    out.readableObject = objectModes.readable;
+    out.writableObject = objectModes.writable;
+    if (out.readableObject)
+        out.hwmR = numLit(16, loc);
+    if (out.writableObject)
+        out.hwmW = numLit(16, loc);
     const tuples = cbTuples(lowerer);
     const present = new Map();
     for (const prop of optsLit?.properties?.nodes ?? []) {
@@ -583,7 +658,7 @@ fallbackCb) {
                 continue;
             }
             const full = tuples[name].map((t) => (t === "fn" ? null : t));
-            const pinned = pinAnyDataCompletion(lowerer, name, fnNode);
+            const pinned = out.readableObject ? null : pinAnyDataCompletion(lowerer, name, fnNode);
             try {
                 // The completion-callback tail: typed by the checker contextually;
                 // accept the user's declared func type as the tuple's entry so the
@@ -598,7 +673,7 @@ fallbackCb) {
                     }
                     return declared ?? funcOf([], VOID);
                 });
-                present.set(name, lowerStreamCallback(lowerer, name, fnNode, thisType, tuple));
+                present.set(name, lowerStreamCallback(lowerer, name, fnNode, thisType, tuple, out.writableObject));
             }
             finally {
                 if (pinned)
@@ -641,13 +716,9 @@ fallbackCb) {
                 break;
             case "objectMode":
             case "readableObjectMode":
-            case "writableObjectMode": {
-                // `objectMode: false` is the byte default — admit the literal.
-                if (value.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.FalseKeyword)
-                    break;
-                lowerer.noLowering(`${ctorName} in objectMode`, prop, "object-mode streams have no static chunk type yet — chunks are Buffers (utf8 strings convert at push/write)");
+            case "writableObjectMode":
+                // read up front (streamObjectModes)
                 break;
-            }
             case "decodeStrings": {
                 if (value.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.TrueKeyword)
                     break; // Node's default
@@ -788,6 +859,8 @@ function streamCtorArgs(lowerer, cls, arg, thisType, loc, fallbackCb) {
         badEncoding: o.badEncoding,
         pushEncoding: o.pushEncoding,
         signal: o.signal,
+        readableObject: o.readableObject,
+        writableObject: o.writableObject,
     };
 }
 /** `new Readable(opts?)` and friends — called from lowerNew once the
@@ -822,6 +895,17 @@ export function lowerStreamNew(lowerer, expr, info) {
         return nodeThrowExpr(1, "ERR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING", `Unknown encoding: ${parsed.badEncoding}`, thisType, loc);
     }
     let built = { kind: "libCall", fn, args: parsed.args, type: thisType, loc };
+    if (parsed.readableObject || parsed.writableObject) {
+        // { objectMode }: applied before any other follow-up (answers the
+        // receiver +1).
+        built = {
+            kind: "libCall",
+            fn: "stream.objectMode",
+            args: [built, boolLit(parsed.readableObject, loc), boolLit(parsed.writableObject, loc)],
+            type: thisType,
+            loc,
+        };
+    }
     if (parsed.pushEncoding !== null) {
         // { defaultEncoding }: chain the push-side decode default (the
         // setEncoding chaining shape — answers the receiver +1).
@@ -871,7 +955,7 @@ function widensInto(lowerer, passed, declared, loc) {
  * overrides it (the ordinary devirtualization rule), so an inherited
  * constructor still binds the DYNAMIC class's override. The method may
  * declare any PREFIX of its Node signature (the option-callback rule). */
-function streamMethodWrapper(lowerer, info, which, methodName, thisType, loc, blame) {
+function streamMethodWrapper(lowerer, info, which, methodName, thisType, loc, blame, chunkValues = true) {
     const found = lowerer.findMethodOn(info, methodName);
     if (!found) {
         // A DESCENDANT-only declaration (the base chain never declares it):
@@ -914,6 +998,16 @@ function streamMethodWrapper(lowerer, info, which, methodName, thisType, loc, bl
             }
         }
         else if (!typeEquals(got.type, want)) {
+            // A write or transform encoding of another type (`string | null |
+            // undefined`) converts from the encoding argument's value: an
+            // object-mode write passes undefined, null or the name.
+            if (i === 1 &&
+                (which === "write" || which === "transform") &&
+                got.type.kind !== "func" &&
+                canConvertToDyn(got.type, (id) => lowerer.shapes.get(id), (id) => lowerer.unions.get(id))) {
+                paramTypes.push(got.type);
+                continue;
+            }
             // A declared supertype of what Node passes (`chunk: Buffer | string`)
             // is sound: the wrapper takes Node's value and widens it into the
             // declared parameter.
@@ -921,12 +1015,23 @@ function streamMethodWrapper(lowerer, info, which, methodName, thisType, loc, bl
                 paramTypes.push(want);
                 continue;
             }
+            // A write or transform chunk of another type converts from the
+            // chunk's value when the method runs (an object-mode side's value),
+            // or throws a TypeError there; a byte-mode side's chunk is a Buffer.
+            if (i === 0 &&
+                chunkValues &&
+                (which === "write" || which === "transform") &&
+                got.type.kind !== "func" &&
+                canConvertToDyn(got.type, (id) => lowerer.shapes.get(id), (id) => lowerer.unions.get(id))) {
+                paramTypes.push(got.type);
+                continue;
+            }
             lowerer.noLowering(`a '${methodName}' method whose parameter ${i} is '${lowerer.fmt(got.type)}' where Node passes '${lowerer.fmt(want)}'`, blame, "annotate the parameter with the Node signature's type or a supertype of it (chunks are Buffers here)");
         }
         paramTypes.push(got.type);
     }
     const ret = found.sig.ret;
-    const fnName = `%fn${lowerer.lambdaCounter++}_${which}vt`;
+    const fnName = lowerer.closureName(loc, `_${which}vt`);
     const funcType = funcOf([thisType, ...paramTypes], ret);
     lowerer.fnStack.push(newFnCtx(true, null, funcType, ret));
     try {
@@ -996,10 +1101,21 @@ export function lowerStreamSuperCall(lowerer, info, base, argNodes, thisLocal, l
         lowerer.noLowering(`super(...) with ${argNodes.length} arguments in a ${cls.slice(1)} subclass`, blame, "the supported form takes one inline options object (or none)");
     }
     const shape = streamCtorShape(cls);
+    // Whether the writable side holds values: options read at run time may
+    // set objectMode, and a literal says so with objectMode (or a Duplex's
+    // writableObjectMode) true; otherwise _write and _transform receive
+    // Buffers.
+    // super(undefined) and super(null) pass no options (followOptionsArg
+    // answers null), so their sides are byte mode too.
+    const optsNode = argNodes[0] !== undefined ? followOptionsArg(lowerer, argNodes[0]) : null;
+    const chunkValues = optsNode !== null &&
+        optsNode !== undefined &&
+        (!ts.isObjectLiteralExpression(optsNode) ||
+            literalWritesValues(optsNode, cls !== "%Readable" && cls !== "%Writable"));
     const fallback = (name) => {
         const methodName = UNDERSCORE_METHODS.get(name);
         return methodName
-            ? streamMethodWrapper(lowerer, info, name, methodName, thisType, loc, blame)
+            ? streamMethodWrapper(lowerer, info, name, methodName, thisType, loc, blame, chunkValues)
             : null;
     };
     const thisRef = () => ({ kind: "varRef", localId: thisLocal.id, type: thisType, loc });
@@ -1058,6 +1174,19 @@ export function lowerStreamSuperCall(lowerer, info, base, argNodes, thisLocal, l
             loc,
         },
     ];
+    if (parsed.readableObject || parsed.writableObject) {
+        out.push({
+            kind: "exprStmt",
+            expr: {
+                kind: "libCall",
+                fn: "stream.objectMode",
+                args: [thisRef(), boolLit(parsed.readableObject, loc), boolLit(parsed.writableObject, loc)],
+                type: thisType,
+                loc,
+            },
+            loc,
+        });
+    }
     if (parsed.pushEncoding !== null) {
         out.push({
             kind: "exprStmt",
@@ -1330,7 +1459,13 @@ export function lowerStreamStaticCall(lowerer, call, access) {
         };
     }
     const anySrc = srcT?.kind === "dyn" ||
-        (srcT?.kind === "set" && typedElem(srcT.elem) !== null) ||
+        // a Set or Map (entry arrays) of other values: the checked-dynamic
+        // view iterates the collection itself
+        ((srcT?.kind === "set" || srcT?.kind === "map") &&
+            canConvertToDyn(srcT, (id) => lowerer.shapes.get(id), (id) => lowerer.unions.get(id))) ||
+        // an array of other values: the object-mode entries come from its
+        // checked-dynamic copy
+        (srcT?.kind === "array" && fromGenChunk(lowerer, srcT.elem) && typedElem(srcT.elem) === null) ||
         (srcNode !== undefined &&
             srcT === null &&
             (lowerer.typeOf(srcNode).flags & ts.TypeFlags.Any) !== 0);
@@ -1344,19 +1479,17 @@ export function lowerStreamStaticCall(lowerer, call, access) {
     if (srcNode && (single || elem)) {
         lowerer.noLowering("Readable.from with these options", optsNode, "an object literal with 'objectMode' (true or false) and a number 'highWaterMark' is supported");
     }
-    lowerer.noLowering(`Readable.from over a '${srcT ? lowerer.fmt(srcT) : "?"}' source`, srcNode ?? call, "the supported sources are a string or Buffer, and arrays, Sets, generators and class iterables of strings or Buffers");
+    lowerer.noLowering(`Readable.from over a '${srcT ? lowerer.fmt(srcT) : "?"}' source`, srcNode ?? call, "the supported sources are a string or Buffer, and arrays, Sets, Maps, generators and class iterables of values that convert to checked-dynamic values");
 }
-/** Whether a generator's yields are stream chunks: strings, Buffers, a
- * union of them (null included: the runtime destroys the stream with
- * ERR_STREAM_NULL_VALUES), or checked-dynamic values (checked when
- * pushed). */
+/** Whether a generator's yields can be stream chunks: values that box
+ * into checked-dynamic values (null included: the runtime destroys the
+ * stream with ERR_STREAM_NULL_VALUES). An object-mode stream takes any of
+ * them; a byte-mode one checks them when they are pushed or written. */
 function fromGenChunk(lowerer, t) {
-    const chunk = (a) => a.kind === "string" || (a.kind === "bytes" && a.elem === "u8") || a.kind === "nullT";
-    if (t.kind === "dyn" || (chunk(t) && t.kind !== "nullT"))
-        return true;
-    if (t.kind !== "union")
+    if (t.kind === "nullT" || t.kind === "void" || t.kind === "func")
         return false;
-    return lowerer.unions.get(t.unionId)?.arms.every(chunk) ?? false;
+    return (t.kind === "dyn" ||
+        canConvertToDyn(t, (id) => lowerer.shapes.get(id), (id) => lowerer.unions.get(id)));
 }
 /** The helpers Readable.from pulls a compiled generator through, as
  * closures in libcall order: a sync generator's next/return/throw answer
@@ -1399,7 +1532,7 @@ function fromGenHelpers(lowerer, gen, loc) {
         const key = `streamFromGen:${role}:${typeKey(gen)}`;
         let name = lowerer.valueHelpers.get(key);
         if (!name) {
-            name = `%stream.fromGen.${role}.${lowerer.valueHelpers.size}`;
+            name = keyedHelperName(lowerer, `%stream.fromGen.${role}`, key);
             lowerer.valueHelpers.set(key, name);
             lowerer.liftedFns.push({
                 name,
@@ -1480,7 +1613,7 @@ function classIteratorObject(lowerer, cit, iter, loc) {
     const key = `streamFromIter:${cit.iterT.className}`;
     let name = lowerer.valueHelpers.get(key);
     if (!name) {
-        name = `%stream.fromIter.${lowerer.valueHelpers.size}`;
+        name = keyedHelperName(lowerer, "%stream.fromIter", key);
         lowerer.valueHelpers.set(key, name);
         const nextName = `${name}.next`;
         const nextT = funcOf([], DYN);
@@ -1624,7 +1757,7 @@ function classAsyncIteratorObject(lowerer, cit, recv, loc) {
     const key = `streamFromAsyncIter:${cit.className}`;
     let name = lowerer.valueHelpers.get(key);
     if (!name) {
-        name = `%stream.fromAsyncIter.${lowerer.valueHelpers.size}`;
+        name = keyedHelperName(lowerer, "%stream.fromAsyncIter", key);
         lowerer.valueHelpers.set(key, name);
         const it = { id: "it.0", name: "it", type: cit.iterT, mutable: false, boxed: true };
         const src = {
@@ -1743,10 +1876,10 @@ const PIPELINE_STAGE_EXPECTED = "of type function or an instance of Blob, Readab
  * a ladder Node never throws. */
 function lowerStreamArg(lowerer, node, what) {
     const lowered = lowerer.lowerExpr(node);
-    // A Hash or Hmac stage is its Transform; pipeline and compose stages
-    // keep the value alive until the stream settles.
-    const v = isHashValueType(lowered.type)
-        ? hashStreamOf(lowered, what === "pipeline" || what === "compose")
+    // A Hash, Hmac, Cipheriv or Decipheriv stage is its Transform; pipeline
+    // and compose stages keep the value alive until the stream settles.
+    const v = isValueStream(lowerer, node)
+        ? valueStreamOf(lowered, what === "pipeline" || what === "compose")
         : lowered;
     // A checked-dynamic pipeline stage (an untyped source or destination):
     // a boxed native stream unwraps at run time; other values (iterables,
@@ -2025,9 +2158,9 @@ export function lowerStreamModuleCall(lowerer, call, bi, loc) {
                 ? pipelineOptions(lowerer, lastArg)
                 : null;
             const stageArgs = opts ? args.slice(0, -1) : args;
-            if (stageArgs.some(isPipelineFunctionStage)) {
+            if (hasPipelineFunctionStage(lowerer, stageArgs)) {
                 if (opts) {
-                    lowerer.noLowering("pipeline with function stages and options", lastArg, "pipeline(source, async function* (source) { ... }, destination) without options is supported");
+                    lowerer.noLowering("pipeline with function stages or iterable sources and options", lastArg, "pipeline(source, async function* (source) { ... }, destination) without options is supported");
                 }
                 const staged = lowerPipelineStages(lowerer, stageArgs, loc);
                 // A promise destination's value settles the result (same type).
@@ -2091,7 +2224,10 @@ export function lowerStreamModuleCall(lowerer, call, bi, loc) {
             // (finished/pipeline throw synchronously; consumers do not). A
             // sync throw here would be observably wrong timing, so the
             // provable case takes the named fence instead.
-            const argV = lowerer.lowerExpr(args[0]);
+            // A Hash, Hmac, Cipheriv or Decipheriv is read through its Transform.
+            const argV = isValueStream(lowerer, args[0])
+                ? valueStreamOf(lowerer.lowerExpr(args[0]))
+                : lowerer.lowerExpr(args[0]);
             const argInfo = argV.type.kind === "object" ? lowerer.classes.get(argV.type.className) : undefined;
             if (argV.type.kind !== "dyn" && !streamSidesOf(lowerer, argInfo)) {
                 lowerer.noLowering(`stream/consumers.${bi.member} over a value that is not a stream`, call, "Node rejects the promise with 'stream is not async iterable' — pass a readable stream");
@@ -2190,7 +2326,7 @@ export function lowerStreamModuleCall(lowerer, call, bi, loc) {
         if (args.length < 3) {
             lowerer.noLowering(`pipeline with ${args.length} arguments`, call, "the supported form is pipeline(source, ...streams, callback)");
         }
-        if (args.slice(0, -1).some(isPipelineFunctionStage)) {
+        if (hasPipelineFunctionStage(lowerer, args.slice(0, -1))) {
             const staged = lowerPipelineStages(lowerer, args.slice(0, -1), loc);
             if (staged.dest !== 0) {
                 // callback(err, value): the destination's value reaches the
@@ -2240,61 +2376,274 @@ export function lowerStreamModuleCall(lowerer, call, bi, loc) {
         return lowerStreamCompose(lowerer, call, loc);
     return null;
 }
-/** A pipeline() argument written as a function: an async generator
- * function stage. */
-function isPipelineFunctionStage(node) {
-    return ts.isFunctionExpression(node) || ts.isArrowFunction(node);
+/** The function a pipeline() argument writes or names, or null when the
+ * argument is not a function stage. */
+function pipelineStageFunction(lowerer, node) {
+    if (ts.isFunctionExpression(node) || ts.isArrowFunction(node))
+        return node;
+    if (!ts.isIdentifier(node))
+        return null;
+    // The stage lowers the declaration's body again with its source typed
+    // by the pipeline, so resolving it here must not report what collecting
+    // the declaration's own signature deferred (resolveValueSymbol would).
+    const resolve = (ident) => {
+        const found = lowerer.checker.getSymbolAtLocation(ident);
+        return found && found.flags & ts.SymbolFlags.Alias
+            ? lowerer.checker.getAliasedSymbol(found)
+            : found;
+    };
+    const symbol = resolve(node);
+    const declarations = symbol?.declarations ?? [];
+    const bodies = declarations.filter((d) => !ts.isFunctionDeclaration(d) || d.body !== undefined);
+    if (!symbol || bodies.length !== 1)
+        return null;
+    const decl = bodies[0];
+    if (lowerer.isStdlibFile(ts.getSourceFileOfNode(decl)))
+        return null;
+    if (ts.isFunctionDeclaration(decl)) {
+        return bindingNeverReassigned(lowerer, symbol, decl, resolve) ? decl : null;
+    }
+    if (ts.isVariableDeclaration(decl) &&
+        decl.initializer &&
+        ts.isVariableDeclarationList(decl.parent) &&
+        (decl.parent.flags & ts.NodeFlags.Const) !== 0) {
+        let init = decl.initializer;
+        while (ts.isParenthesizedExpression(init))
+            init = init.expression;
+        if (ts.isFunctionExpression(init) || ts.isArrowFunction(init))
+            return init;
+    }
+    return null;
 }
-/** pipeline(...) with one run of function stages (pipeline.js). The run
- * may start the pipeline (a source function, called with `{ signal }`)
- * and may end it (a destination function: an async generator pumped into
- * a PassThrough, or an async function whose promise's value reaches the
- * callback or the promise). Each stage's `source` parameter is typed as
- * what the pipeline passes it: makeAsyncIterable answers the previous
- * stream itself (a Readable is async iterable) or the previous stage's
- * generator. */
-function lowerPipelineStages(lowerer, stageArgs, loc) {
-    const first = stageArgs.findIndex(isPipelineFunctionStage);
-    let end = first;
-    while (end < stageArgs.length && isPipelineFunctionStage(stageArgs[end]))
-        end++;
-    if (stageArgs.slice(end).some(isPipelineFunctionStage)) {
-        lowerer.noLowering("pipeline with function stages separated by streams", stageArgs[end], "one run of function stages is supported");
-    }
-    const source = first === 0;
-    const destFn = end === stageArgs.length;
-    const before = [];
-    const after = [];
+function hasPipelineFunctionStage(lowerer, args) {
+    return (args.some((a) => pipelineStageFunction(lowerer, a) !== null) ||
+        (args.length > 0 && iterableSourceType(lowerer, args[0]) !== null));
+}
+/** The element type of a pipeline source that is an iterable value (an
+ * array, a string or a synchronous generator object), or null. */
+function iterableSourceType(lowerer, node) {
+    if (pipelineStageFunction(lowerer, node) !== null)
+        return null;
+    let t;
     try {
-        for (const a of stageArgs.slice(0, first))
-            before.push(lowerStreamArg(lowerer, a, "pipeline"));
+        t = lowerer.mapTypeOf(lowerer.typeOf(node));
     }
-    catch (e) {
-        if (e instanceof StreamArgTypeThrow)
-            lowerer.noLowering("pipeline over this value", stageArgs[0]);
-        throw e;
+    catch {
+        return null;
+    }
+    if (t?.kind === "array")
+        return t.elem;
+    if (t?.kind === "string")
+        return STRING;
+    if (t?.kind === "generator" && t.async !== true && stepDrivable(t))
+        return t.yieldT;
+    return null;
+}
+/** A pipeline source that is an iterable value or a synchronous generator
+ * function without parameters, as an async generator closure that steps
+ * the value's iterator (or the generator the function returns) and yields
+ * each element. Node's pipeline iterates such a source with `for await`,
+ * through an async-from-sync iterator, and an async generator that
+ * yields the same elements resumes its consumer on the same ticks. Null
+ * when the source has no such lowering. */
+function lowerIterableSource(lowerer, node, fn, loc) {
+    let value;
+    if (fn !== null) {
+        if (fn.parameters.nodes.length > 0) {
+            lowerer.noLowering("a synchronous generator function pipeline source with parameters", fn.parameters.nodes[0], "declare the source without parameters, or make it an async generator function");
+        }
+        value = lowerer.lowerLambda(fn);
+        if (value.type.kind !== "func" || value.type.ret.kind !== "generator")
+            return null;
+    }
+    else {
+        value = lowerer.lowerExpr(node);
+    }
+    const srcT = value.type;
+    const elemT = srcT.kind === "func" && srcT.ret.kind === "generator"
+        ? srcT.ret.yieldT
+        : srcT.kind === "array"
+            ? srcT.elem
+            : srcT.kind === "string"
+                ? STRING
+                : srcT.kind === "generator" && srcT.async !== true
+                    ? srcT.yieldT
+                    : null;
+    if (elemT === null)
+        return null;
+    const out = {
+        kind: "generator",
+        async: true,
+        yieldT: elemT,
+        retT: VOID,
+        nextT: UNDEFINED_T,
+    };
+    const resultType = genResultRecord(elemT, VOID, lowerer.shapes, lowerer.unions);
+    if (!resultType)
+        return null;
+    const key = `pipelineSource:${typeKey(srcT)}`;
+    let maker = lowerer.valueHelpers.get(key);
+    if (!maker) {
+        maker = `%stream.pipelineSource.${lowerer.valueHelpers.size}`;
+        const genName = `${maker}.gen`;
+        // The generator: g = the source's iterator; for (v of g) yield v.
+        const frame = new LiftedFrame(loc);
+        const srcId = frame.local("src", srcT, false);
+        const src = varRef(srcId, srcT, loc);
+        const syncT = {
+            kind: "generator",
+            yieldT: elemT,
+            retT: VOID,
+            nextT: UNDEFINED_T,
+        };
+        let iterator;
+        if (srcT.kind === "func") {
+            iterator = { kind: "callValue", callee: src, args: [], type: srcT.ret, loc };
+        }
+        else if (srcT.kind === "array") {
+            iterator = lowerArrayIteratorValue(lowerer, src, "values", syncT, loc);
+        }
+        else if (srcT.kind === "string") {
+            iterator = lowerStringIteratorValue(lowerer, src, syncT, loc);
+        }
+        else {
+            iterator = src;
+        }
+        if (iterator === null || iterator.type.kind !== "generator" || !stepDrivable(iterator.type))
+            return null;
+        const iterT = iterator.type;
+        const gId = frame.local("g", iterT, false);
+        const body = [
+            { kind: "varDecl", localId: gId, init: iterator, loc },
+            ...driveGenerator(lowerer, frame, gId, iterT, elemT, [], (v) => [{ kind: "exprStmt", expr: { kind: "yieldExpr", value: v, type: VOID, loc }, loc }], loc),
+            { kind: "return", value: null, loc },
+        ];
+        const srcLocal = frame.locals.find((l) => l.id === srcId);
+        srcLocal.boxed = true;
+        lowerer.valueHelpers.set(key, maker);
+        lowerer.liftedFns.push({
+            name: genName,
+            params: [],
+            returnType: VOID,
+            async: true,
+            captures: [{ localId: srcId, name: "src", type: srcT }],
+            locals: frame.locals,
+            body,
+            generator: { yieldT: elemT, nextT: UNDEFINED_T, resultType },
+            loc,
+        });
+        // The maker: (src) => the generator function closed over src.
+        const makerSrc = { id: "src.0", name: "src", type: srcT, mutable: false, boxed: true };
+        lowerer.liftedFns.push({
+            name: maker,
+            params: [{ localId: makerSrc.id, name: makerSrc.name, type: srcT }],
+            returnType: funcOf([], out),
+            locals: [makerSrc],
+            body: [
+                {
+                    kind: "return",
+                    value: {
+                        kind: "closure",
+                        fnName: genName,
+                        captures: [makerSrc.id],
+                        type: funcOf([], out),
+                        loc,
+                    },
+                    loc,
+                },
+            ],
+            loc,
+        });
     }
-    let srcT = source ? null : before[before.length - 1].type;
+    return {
+        closure: { kind: "call", callee: maker, args: [value], type: funcOf([], out), loc },
+        out,
+    };
+}
+/** pipeline(...) with function stages (pipeline.js). A function may
+ * start the pipeline (a source function, called with `{ signal }`), may
+ * end it (an async function whose promise's value reaches the callback or
+ * the promise), and runs of async generator functions may sit between
+ * streams; the last generator of a run that a stream follows is pumped
+ * into that stream. Each stage's `source` parameter is typed as what the
+ * pipeline passes it: makeAsyncIterable answers the previous stream
+ * itself (a Readable is async iterable) or the previous stage's
+ * generator. */
+function lowerPipelineStages(lowerer, stageArgs, loc) {
+    if (stageArgs.length > 52) {
+        lowerer.noLowering("pipeline with function stages and more than 52 stages", stageArgs[52], "split the pipeline");
+    }
+    const streams = [];
     const stages = [];
+    const helperArgs = [];
+    let positions = 0;
     let mask = 0;
     let dest = 0;
     let destPromise = null;
-    for (let i = first; i < end; i++) {
-        const fn = stageArgs[i];
-        const isLast = destFn && i === end - 1;
+    // What the next function stage receives: null before the first stage,
+    // else the previous stream's type or the previous stage's generator.
+    let srcT = null;
+    // The streams and stages in argument order: the head lists all streams
+    // before all stages, so when a stage precedes a stream the arguments
+    // are bound to locals first, keeping JavaScript's evaluation order.
+    const argOrder = [];
+    for (let j = 0; j < stageArgs.length; j++) {
+        const arg = stageArgs[j];
+        const fn = pipelineStageFunction(lowerer, arg);
+        const syncSourceFn = j === 0 &&
+            fn !== null &&
+            !ts.isArrowFunction(fn) &&
+            fn.asteriskToken !== undefined &&
+            !(fn.modifiers?.nodes ?? []).some((m) => m.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.AsyncKeyword);
+        if (j === 0 && (syncSourceFn || (fn === null && iterableSourceType(lowerer, arg) !== null))) {
+            const source = lowerIterableSource(lowerer, arg, syncSourceFn ? fn : null, loc);
+            if (source === null)
+                lowerer.noLowering("pipeline over this source", arg);
+            positions += 1;
+            argOrder.push({ list: stages, index: stages.length });
+            stages.push(source.closure);
+            srcT = source.out;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (fn === null) {
+            if (srcT?.kind === "generator") {
+                // the generator before this stream, pumped into it
+                if (!fromGenChunk(lowerer, srcT.yieldT)) {
+                    lowerer.noLowering(`a pipeline stage yielding '${lowerer.fmt(srcT.yieldT)}'`, stageArgs[j - 1], "stage values written to a stream are strings or Buffers");
+                }
+                const helpers = fromGenHelpers(lowerer, srcT, loc);
+                if (!helpers)
+                    lowerer.noLowering("a pipeline stage with this generator type", stageArgs[j - 1]);
+                helperArgs.push(helpers[0], helpers[1], helpers[2]);
+            }
+            let stream;
+            try {
+                stream = lowerStreamArg(lowerer, arg, "pipeline");
+            }
+            catch (e) {
+                if (e instanceof StreamArgTypeThrow)
+                    lowerer.noLowering("pipeline over this value", arg);
+                throw e;
+            }
+            argOrder.push({ list: streams, index: streams.length });
+            streams.push(stream);
+            srcT = stream.type;
+            continue;
+        }
+        const isLast = j === stageArgs.length - 1;
         const isAsync = (fn.modifiers?.nodes ?? []).some((m) => m.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.AsyncKeyword);
-        const isGen = ts.isFunctionExpression(fn) && fn.asteriskToken !== undefined;
+        const isGen = !ts.isArrowFunction(fn) && fn.asteriskToken !== undefined;
         if (isLast && isGen) {
             // pipeline() pumps it into an object-mode PassThrough, whose
             // buffering decides when the pipeline finishes
-            lowerer.noLowering("a pipeline destination that is an async generator function", fn, "end the pipeline with a stream or an async function (source) { for await (const chunk of source) ... }");
+            lowerer.noLowering("a pipeline destination that is an async generator function", arg, "end the pipeline with a stream or an async function (source) { for await (const chunk of source) ... }");
         }
         if (!isAsync || (!isGen && !isLast)) {
             lowerer.noLowering(isLast
                 ? "a pipeline destination that is not an async function"
                 : srcT === null
                     ? "a pipeline source function that is not an async generator function"
-                    : "pipeline stages that are not async generator functions", fn, "write the stage as async function* (source) { for await (const chunk of source) ... }");
+                    : "pipeline stages that are not async generator functions", arg, "write the stage as async function* (source) { for await (const chunk of source) ... }");
         }
         const optionsAt = srcT === null ? 0 : 1;
         if (fn.parameters.nodes.length > optionsAt + 1) {
@@ -2306,8 +2655,10 @@ function lowerPipelineStages(lowerer, stageArgs, loc) {
             if (params[optionsAt].kind !== "dyn") {
                 lowerer.noLowering("a pipeline stage's options argument with this type", fn.parameters.nodes[optionsAt], "type it as { signal: AbortSignal }");
             }
-            mask |= 1 << (i - first);
+            mask |= 1 << stages.length;
         }
+        positions += 2 ** j;
+        argOrder.push({ list: stages, index: stages.length });
         stages.push(lowered.closure);
         if (lowered.out.kind === "promise") {
             dest = 2;
@@ -2318,54 +2669,42 @@ function lowerPipelineStages(lowerer, stageArgs, loc) {
             srcT = lowered.out;
         }
     }
-    try {
-        for (const a of stageArgs.slice(end))
-            after.push(lowerStreamArg(lowerer, a, "pipeline"));
-    }
-    catch (e) {
-        if (e instanceof StreamArgTypeThrow)
-            lowerer.noLowering("pipeline over this value", stageArgs[end]);
-        throw e;
-    }
-    const helperArgs = [];
-    if (dest !== 2) {
-        // the generator pumped into the next stream or the PassThrough
-        const lastGen = srcT;
-        if (!fromGenChunk(lowerer, lastGen.yieldT)) {
-            lowerer.noLowering(`a pipeline stage yielding '${lowerer.fmt(lastGen.yieldT)}'`, stageArgs[end - 1], "stage values written to a stream are strings or Buffers");
-        }
-        const helpers = fromGenHelpers(lowerer, lastGen, loc);
-        if (!helpers)
-            lowerer.noLowering("a pipeline stage with this generator type", stageArgs[end - 1]);
-        helperArgs.push(helpers[0], helpers[1], helpers[2]);
-    }
-    else {
+    if (dest === 2) {
         const valueT = destPromise.inner;
         if (valueT.kind !== "void" &&
             !canConvertToDyn(valueT, (id) => lowerer.shapes.get(id), (id) => lowerer.unions.get(id))) {
-            lowerer.noLowering(`a pipeline destination resolving to '${lowerer.fmt(valueT)}'`, stageArgs[end - 1]);
+            lowerer.noLowering(`a pipeline destination resolving to '${lowerer.fmt(valueT)}'`, stageArgs[stageArgs.length - 1]);
         }
         helperArgs.push(pipelineBoxHelper(lowerer, destPromise, loc));
     }
-    const streams = [...before, ...after];
-    // SCR_PIPE_* flags: bit 0 a source function, bits 1-2 the destination,
-    // bit 3 the helpers, bit 4 the box, bit 5 the signal and abort.
-    const flags = (source ? 1 : 0) | (dest << 1) | (dest !== 2 ? 8 : 16) | (mask !== 0 ? 32 : 0);
+    const argDecls = [];
+    const firstStage = argOrder.findIndex((a) => a.list === stages);
+    if (firstStage >= 0 && argOrder.slice(firstStage).some((a) => a.list === streams)) {
+        for (const a of argOrder) {
+            const init = a.list[a.index];
+            const local = lowerer.declareHiddenLocal("%pipelineArg", init.type);
+            argDecls.push({ kind: "varDecl", localId: local.id, init, loc: init.loc });
+            a.list[a.index] = varRef(local.id, init.type, init.loc);
+        }
+    }
+    const bindArgs = (call) => argDecls.length === 0
+        ? call
+        : { kind: "seqExpr", stmts: argDecls, result: call, type: call.type, loc };
+    // SCR_PIPE_* flags: bits 1-2 the destination, bit 5 the signal and abort.
+    const flags = (dest << 1) | (mask !== 0 ? 32 : 0);
     const head = [
         numLit(streams.length, loc),
-        numLit(before.length, loc),
         numLit(stages.length, loc),
+        numLit(positions, loc),
         numLit(flags, loc),
         numLit(mask, loc),
         ...streams,
         ...stages,
         ...helperArgs,
     ];
-    const last = destFn
-        ? { kind: "object", className: "%PassThrough" }
-        : streams[streams.length - 1].type;
+    const last = dest === 2 ? { kind: "object", className: "%PassThrough" } : streams[streams.length - 1].type;
     if (mask === 0)
-        return { args: head, last, dest, destPromise, wrap: (call) => call };
+        return { args: head, last, dest, destPromise, wrap: bindArgs };
     // const ac = new AbortController(): its signal goes to the stages, and
     // finishImpl's ac.abort() runs through the abort closure.
     const ac = lowerer.declareHiddenLocal("%pipelineAbort", DYN);
@@ -2382,7 +2721,7 @@ function lowerPipelineStages(lowerer, stageArgs, loc) {
         last,
         dest,
         destPromise,
-        wrap: (call) => ({
+        wrap: (call) => bindArgs({
             kind: "seqExpr",
             stmts: [
                 {
@@ -2405,7 +2744,7 @@ function pipelineBoxHelper(lowerer, promiseT, loc) {
     const key = `pipelineBox:${typeKey(promiseT)}`;
     let name = lowerer.valueHelpers.get(key);
     if (!name) {
-        name = `%stream.pipelineBox.${lowerer.valueHelpers.size}`;
+        name = keyedHelperName(lowerer, "%stream.pipelineBox", key);
         lowerer.valueHelpers.set(key, name);
         lowerer.liftedFns.push({
             name,
@@ -2431,7 +2770,7 @@ function pipelineAbortHelper(lowerer, ac, loc) {
     let name = lowerer.valueHelpers.get(key);
     const abortT = funcOf([], VOID);
     if (!name) {
-        name = `%stream.pipelineAbort.${lowerer.valueHelpers.size}`;
+        name = keyedHelperName(lowerer, "%stream.pipelineAbort", key);
         lowerer.valueHelpers.set(key, name);
         const acLocal = { id: "ac.0", name: "ac", type: DYN, mutable: false, boxed: true };
         const acRef = varRef(acLocal.id, DYN, loc);
@@ -2494,6 +2833,8 @@ function lowerStageFunction(lowerer, fn, srcT) {
     if (param && !symbol) {
         lowerer.noLowering("pipeline stage parameters that are patterns", param, "name the source parameter");
     }
+    // The loop variables of the `for await` loops over the source.
+    const chunkSymbols = [];
     if (symbol && fn.body) {
         const visit = (node) => {
             if (ts.isIdentifier(node) &&
@@ -2506,6 +2847,14 @@ function lowerStageFunction(lowerer, fn, srcT) {
                     parent.expression === node)) {
                     lowerer.noLowering("a pipeline stage's source used outside a for await loop head", node, "iterate the source with for await (const chunk of source)");
                 }
+                const binding = ts.isVariableDeclarationList(parent.initializer)
+                    ? parent.initializer.declarations.nodes[0]?.name
+                    : undefined;
+                const chunk = binding && ts.isIdentifier(binding)
+                    ? lowerer.checker.getSymbolAtLocation(binding)
+                    : undefined;
+                if (chunk)
+                    chunkSymbols.push(chunk);
             }
             ts.forEachChild(node, visit);
         };
@@ -2513,8 +2862,22 @@ function lowerStageFunction(lowerer, fn, srcT) {
     }
     if (symbol)
         lowerer.stageSourceTypes.set(symbol, srcT);
+    // In JavaScript the checker types the chunks of a source that is the
+    // previous stage's generator `any`; they read as the strings or Buffers
+    // the generator yields, so their members take the string and Buffer
+    // lowerings.
+    const previousImplicit = lowerer.implicitParamTypes;
+    const chunkType = srcT?.kind === "generator" && isJsSourceFile(ts.getSourceFileOfNode(fn))
+        ? stageChunkCheckerType(lowerer, srcT.yieldT, fn)
+        : null;
+    if (chunkType && chunkSymbols.length > 0) {
+        const implicit = new Map(previousImplicit ?? []);
+        for (const chunk of chunkSymbols)
+            implicit.set(chunk, chunkType);
+        lowerer.implicitParamTypes = implicit;
+    }
     try {
-        const closure = lowerer.lowerExpr(fn);
+        const closure = lowerer.lowerLambda(fn);
         const out = closure.type.kind === "func" ? closure.type.ret : null;
         if (!(out?.kind === "generator" && out.async) && out?.kind !== "promise") {
             lowerer.noLowering("a pipeline stage that does not return an async generator", fn);
@@ -2524,8 +2887,19 @@ function lowerStageFunction(lowerer, fn, srcT) {
     finally {
         if (symbol)
             lowerer.stageSourceTypes.delete(symbol);
+        lowerer.implicitParamTypes = previousImplicit;
     }
 }
+/** The checker type of a stage's string or Buffer chunks, or null for
+ * other chunk types. */
+function stageChunkCheckerType(lowerer, chunk, at) {
+    if (chunk.kind === "string")
+        return lowerer.checker.getStringType();
+    if (chunk.kind !== "bytes")
+        return null;
+    const buffer = lowerer.checker.resolveName("Buffer", ts.SymbolFlags.Type, at, false);
+    return buffer ? lowerer.checker.getDeclaredTypeOfSymbol(buffer) : null;
+}
 /** `stream.compose(...streams)` over stream instances: a Duplex writing
  * to the first stream and reading from the last (scr_stream_compose). The
  * classes fix which positions can be readable and writable; a stream in
@@ -2736,14 +3110,6 @@ function lowerStreamOperator(lowerer, call, access, member) {
     }
     throw new InternalCompilerError(`unknown stream operator ${member}`);
 }
-/** The literal 'buffer' encoding on write()/end(): Node 24 takes it for a
- * Buffer chunk and throws ERR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING for a string chunk. */
-function isBufferEncoding(lowerer, arg) {
-    if (arg === undefined)
-        return false;
-    const t = lowerer.typeOf(arg);
-    return t.isStringLiteralType() && t.value === "buffer";
-}
 /** The one supported encoding argument: utf8 (Node's default), as a
  * compile-time literal or absent. */
 function checkUtf8Encoding(lowerer, member, arg) {
@@ -3037,7 +3403,16 @@ export function lowerStreamMethodCall(lowerer, call, access, info) {
             if (probed?.type.kind === "nullT")
                 return "null";
         }
-        lowerer.noLowering(`${member} with a '${t ? lowerer.fmt(t) : "?"}' chunk`, node, "chunks are Buffers or utf8 strings — or unions of those with null (objectMode is not lowered)");
+        // Any other value is a checked-dynamic chunk: one entry on an
+        // object-mode side, Node's chunk type error on a byte-mode one
+        // (undefined, which a byte-mode push ignores, included).
+        if (t?.kind === "void" || t?.kind === "undefinedT")
+            return "dyn";
+        if (t !== null &&
+            t.kind !== "func" &&
+            canConvertToDyn(t, (id) => lowerer.shapes.get(id), (id) => lowerer.unions.get(id)))
+            return "dyn";
+        lowerer.noLowering(`${member} with a '${t ? lowerer.fmt(t) : "?"}' chunk`, node, "chunks are values that convert to checked-dynamic values: Buffers, strings, numbers, records, arrays and class instances");
     };
     if (member === "push" || member === "unshift") {
         requireSide(readableSide, member);
@@ -3070,7 +3445,17 @@ export function lowerStreamMethodCall(lowerer, call, access, info) {
         checkUtf8Encoding(lowerer, member, args[1]);
         const kind = chunkKind(args[0]);
         if ((kind === "null" || kind === "union" || kind === "dyn") && member === "unshift") {
-            lowerer.noLowering(kind === "null" ? "unshift(null)" : "unshift with a nullable or dynamic chunk", call, "EOF signals through push(null)");
+            // unshift(value): an object-mode stream's value at the front, null
+            // the end of the stream, as Node's readableAddChunk takes them
+            const receiver = lowerer.lowerExpr(access.expression);
+            const chunk = lowerer.lowerExprExpecting(args[0], DYN);
+            return {
+                kind: "libCall",
+                fn: "readable.unshiftDyn",
+                args: [receiver, chunk],
+                type: VOID,
+                loc,
+            };
         }
         const receiver = lowerer.lowerExpr(access.expression);
         if (kind === "null") {
@@ -3160,9 +3545,10 @@ export function lowerStreamMethodCall(lowerer, call, access, info) {
         if (args.length === 0 || args.length > 2) {
             lowerer.noLowering(`pipe with ${args.length} arguments`, call, "the supported forms are (destination) and (destination, { end })");
         }
-        // A Hash or Hmac destination pipes into its Transform, and pipe()
-        // answers the Hash itself (the receiver evaluates first, as in JS).
-        if (isHashValueType(lowerer.mapTypeOf(lowerer.typeOf(args[0])))) {
+        // A Hash, Hmac, Cipheriv or Decipheriv destination pipes into its
+        // Transform, and pipe() answers the value itself (the receiver
+        // evaluates first, as in JS).
+        if (isValueStream(lowerer, args[0])) {
             const receiverValue = lowerer.lowerExpr(access.expression);
             const source = lowerer.declareHiddenLocal("%pipeSource", receiverValue.type);
             const hashValue = lowerer.lowerExpr(args[0]);
@@ -3180,7 +3566,7 @@ export function lowerStreamMethodCall(lowerer, call, access, info) {
                             fn: "readable.pipe",
                             args: [
                                 { kind: "varRef", localId: source.id, type: receiverValue.type, loc },
-                                hashStreamOf({ kind: "varRef", localId: hash.id, type: hashValue.type, loc }, true),
+                                valueStreamOf({ kind: "varRef", localId: hash.id, type: hashValue.type, loc }, true),
                                 end,
                             ],
                             type: { kind: "object", className: "%Transform" },
@@ -3314,9 +3700,50 @@ export function lowerStreamMethodCall(lowerer, call, access, info) {
         const kind = chunkKind(args[0]);
         if (kind === "null")
             lowerer.noLowering("write(null)", call, "end() finishes a writable");
+        const lowerWriteCb = (cbArg) => {
+            const cb = callbackDeclaresParameters(cbArg)
+                ? null
+                : lowerer.lowerExprExpecting(cbArg, funcOf([], VOID));
+            if (cb === null || cb.type.kind !== "func" || cb.type.params.length > 0) {
+                lowerer.noLowering("write completion callbacks taking the error argument", cbArg, "() => void callbacks are supported (listen for 'error' to observe failures)");
+            }
+            return cb;
+        };
+        // write(chunk, encoding[, cb]), and write(value, cb): the encoding
+        // argument reaches an object-mode side's _write as passed, null when
+        // the callback took its place (a byte-mode side encodes a string
+        // chunk with it).
+        const writeEnc = (encArg, cbArg) => {
+            const receiver = lowerer.lowerExpr(access.expression);
+            const chunk = lowerer.lowerExprExpecting(args[0], DYN);
+            const tail = [];
+            if (encArg !== undefined)
+                tail.push(lowerer.lowerExprExpecting(encArg, DYN));
+            if (cbArg !== undefined)
+                tail.push(lowerWriteCb(cbArg));
+            const flags = (encArg !== undefined ? 1 : 0) | (cbArg !== undefined ? 2 : 0);
+            return {
+                kind: "libCall",
+                fn: "writable.writeEnc",
+                args: [receiver, numLit(flags, loc), chunk, ...tail],
+                type: BOOL,
+                loc,
+            };
+        };
         if (kind === "dyn") {
-            if (args.length > 1)
-                lowerer.noLowering("write with a dynamic chunk and more arguments", call);
+            if (args.length === 3)
+                return writeEnc(args[1], args[2]);
+            if (args.length === 2) {
+                // Node's write takes a function there as the callback, anything
+                // else as the encoding
+                const t = lowerer.mapTypeOf(lowerer.typeOf(args[1]));
+                if (t?.kind === "func")
+                    return writeEnc(undefined, args[1]);
+                if (t === null || t === undefined || t.kind === "dyn") {
+                    lowerer.noLowering("write with a dynamic second argument", args[1], "pass an encoding string or a completion callback");
+                }
+                return writeEnc(args[1], undefined);
+            }
             const receiver = lowerer.lowerExpr(access.expression);
             const chunk = lowerer.lowerExprExpecting(args[0], DYN);
             return { kind: "libCall", fn: "writable.writeDyn", args: [receiver, chunk], type: BOOL, loc };
@@ -3340,23 +3767,16 @@ export function lowerStreamMethodCall(lowerer, call, access, info) {
             return { kind: "libCall", fn, args: [receiver, chunk], type: BOOL, loc };
         }
         // Disambiguate (chunk, cb?) vs (chunk, encoding, cb?) by the second
-        // argument's static type.
+        // argument's static type. A write with an encoding runs through
+        // writeEnc, whose runtime checks and applies it as Node's _write does.
         let cbArg;
-        if (args.length >= 2 && isBufferEncoding(lowerer, args[1])) {
-            if (kind !== "bytes")
-                return nodeThrowExpr(1, "ERR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING", "Unknown encoding: buffer", BOOL, loc);
-            cbArg = args[2];
-        }
-        else if (args.length === 2) {
+        if (args.length === 3)
+            return writeEnc(args[1], args[2]);
+        if (args.length === 2) {
             const t = lowerer.mapTypeOf(lowerer.typeOf(args[1]));
-            if (t?.kind === "string")
-                checkUtf8Encoding(lowerer, "write", args[1]);
-            else
-                cbArg = args[1];
-        }
-        else if (args.length === 3) {
-            checkUtf8Encoding(lowerer, "write", args[1]);
-            cbArg = args[2];
+            if (t?.kind === "string" || t?.kind === "nullT" || t?.kind === "undefinedT")
+                return writeEnc(args[1], undefined);
+            cbArg = args[1];
         }
         const receiver = lowerer.lowerExpr(access.expression);
         const chunk = kind === "bytes"
@@ -3364,12 +3784,7 @@ export function lowerStreamMethodCall(lowerer, call, access, info) {
             : lowerer.lowerExprExpecting(args[0], STRING);
         const fn = kind === "bytes" ? "writable.write" : "writable.writeStr";
         if (cbArg !== undefined) {
-            const cb = callbackDeclaresParameters(cbArg)
-                ? null
-                : lowerer.lowerExprExpecting(cbArg, funcOf([], VOID));
-            if (cb === null || cb.type.kind !== "func" || cb.type.params.length > 0) {
-                lowerer.noLowering("write completion callbacks taking the error argument", cbArg, "() => void callbacks are supported (listen for 'error' to observe failures)");
-            }
+            const cb = lowerWriteCb(cbArg);
             return { kind: "libCall", fn, args: [receiver, chunk, cb], type: BOOL, loc };
         }
         return { kind: "libCall", fn, args: [receiver, chunk], type: BOOL, loc };
@@ -3381,6 +3796,7 @@ export function lowerStreamMethodCall(lowerer, call, access, info) {
         // Forms: (), (cb), (chunk), (chunk, cb), (chunk, encoding, cb).
         let chunkNode;
         let cbArg;
+        let encNode;
         if (args.length === 1) {
             const t = lowerer.mapTypeOf(lowerer.typeOf(args[0]));
             if (t?.kind === "func")
@@ -3388,35 +3804,26 @@ export function lowerStreamMethodCall(lowerer, call, access, info) {
             else
                 chunkNode = args[0];
         }
-        else if (args.length >= 2 && isBufferEncoding(lowerer, args[1])) {
-            chunkNode = args[0];
-            const endKind = chunkKind(args[0]);
-            if (endKind === "string") {
-                const endT = lowerer.mapTypeOf(lowerer.typeOf(call)) ?? DYN;
-                return nodeThrowExpr(1, "ERR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING", "Unknown encoding: buffer", endT, loc);
-            }
-            if (endKind !== "bytes")
-                checkUtf8Encoding(lowerer, "end", args[1]);
-            cbArg = args[2];
-        }
         else if (args.length === 2) {
             chunkNode = args[0];
             const t = lowerer.mapTypeOf(lowerer.typeOf(args[1]));
-            if (t?.kind === "string")
-                checkUtf8Encoding(lowerer, "end", args[1]);
+            if (t?.kind === "string" || t?.kind === "nullT" || t?.kind === "undefinedT")
+                encNode = args[1];
             else
                 cbArg = args[1];
         }
         else if (args.length === 3) {
             chunkNode = args[0];
-            checkUtf8Encoding(lowerer, "end", args[1]);
+            encNode = args[1];
             cbArg = args[2];
         }
         const receiver = lowerer.lowerExpr(access.expression);
         let flags = 0;
         const tail = [];
         if (chunkNode !== undefined) {
-            const kind = chunkKind(chunkNode);
+            // end(chunk, encoding[, cb]) writes the chunk with the encoding
+            // argument as passed (flags 16), through the dyn write
+            const kind = encNode !== undefined ? "dyn" : chunkKind(chunkNode);
             if (kind === "null" || kind === "union")
                 lowerer.noLowering("end(null)", call);
             flags |= kind === "bytes" ? 1 : kind === "dyn" ? 8 : 2;
@@ -3425,6 +3832,10 @@ export function lowerStreamMethodCall(lowerer, call, access, info) {
                 : kind === "dyn"
                     ? lowerer.lowerExprExpecting(chunkNode, DYN)
                     : lowerer.lowerExprExpecting(chunkNode, STRING));
+            if (encNode !== undefined) {
+                flags |= 16;
+                tail.push(lowerer.lowerExprExpecting(encNode, DYN));
+            }
         }
         if (cbArg !== undefined) {
             const cb = callbackDeclaresParameters(cbArg)
@@ -3656,8 +4067,7 @@ export function lowerStreamProperty(lowerer, expr, info) {
         return propCall(BOOL);
     }
     if (name === "writableObjectMode" && writableSide) {
-        // objectMode construction fences, so the answer is compile-time false.
-        return boolLit(false, loc);
+        return propCall(BOOL);
     }
     if (name === "allowHalfOpen" && sides === "rw") {
         return propCall(BOOL);