@scriptc/compiler 0.3.6 → 0.4.0

package/dist/wasm/binary.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1976 @@
+/* The WebAssembly binary decoder and validator.
+ *
+ * Decodes a module completely and validates it against the feature level
+ * scriptc means to translate to native code: the MVP plus the finished
+ * post-MVP proposals that real npm modules use (sign-extension operators,
+ * non-trapping float-to-int conversions, bulk memory, multi-value, mutable
+ * globals, reference types and extended constant expressions). Where the
+ * WebAssembly 3.0 specification and V8 relax a 2.0 rule inside that set (a
+ * global initializer may read any earlier immutable global), the decoder
+ * follows them, because Node is the behavior oracle.
+ *
+ * Modules that use a proposal outside that set (SIMD, threads, exception
+ * handling, tail calls, function references and GC, memory64, multiple
+ * memories) still decode: the instructions that need the proposal are read
+ * for their immediates but not type-checked, and the summary names the
+ * proposal so that the module can be reported as not translatable rather
+ * than as invalid. Only GC type definitions stop the decode, since their
+ * layout would need the full GC type system.
+ *
+ * The decoder never evaluates anything and keeps no module contents beyond
+ * the counts and the feature set it reports. It is plain TypeScript that
+ * the native compiler also compiles. */
+import { readMemargFlags } from "./module.js";
+/** Proposals the summary can name, in report order. The first group is the
+ * translatable set; the rest are reported as unsupported. */
+export const WASM_FEATURES = [
+    "mutable-globals",
+    "sign-extension",
+    "nontrapping-fptoint",
+    "bulk-memory",
+    "multi-value",
+    "reference-types",
+    "extended-const",
+    "simd",
+    "threads",
+    "exceptions",
+    "tail-call",
+    "function-references",
+    "gc",
+    "memory64",
+    "multi-memory",
+];
+const TRANSLATABLE = new Set([
+    "mutable-globals",
+    "sign-extension",
+    "nontrapping-fptoint",
+    "bulk-memory",
+    "multi-value",
+    "reference-types",
+    "extended-const",
+]);
+/** True for proposals inside the translatable feature level. */
+export function isTranslatableFeature(feature) {
+    return TRANSLATABLE.has(feature);
+}
+/** A decode failure: malformed bytes or an invalid module. */
+export class WasmError extends Error {
+    kind;
+    offset;
+    constructor(kind, message, offset) {
+        super(message);
+        this.kind = kind;
+        this.offset = offset;
+    }
+}
+// Value types. Zero is the "unknown" type of unreachable code.
+const UNKNOWN = 0;
+const I32 = 0x7f;
+const I64 = 0x7e;
+const F32 = 0x7d;
+const F64 = 0x7c;
+const V128 = 0x7b;
+const FUNCREF = 0x70;
+const EXTERNREF = 0x6f;
+// V8's implementation limits that are part of validation (wasm-limits.h).
+const MAX_TYPES = 1000000;
+const MAX_FUNCTIONS = 1000000;
+const MAX_IMPORTS = 100000;
+const MAX_EXPORTS = 100000;
+const MAX_GLOBALS = 1000000;
+const MAX_DATA_SEGMENTS = 100000;
+const MAX_LOCALS = 50000;
+const MAX_PARAMS = 1000;
+const MAX_RESULTS = 1000;
+const MAX_FUNCTION_SIZE = 7654321;
+const MAX_MEMORY_PAGES = 65536;
+const MAX_TABLE_INIT = 10000000;
+class Reader {
+    bytes;
+    pos;
+    end;
+    constructor(bytes, pos, end) {
+        this.bytes = bytes;
+        this.pos = pos;
+        this.end = end;
+    }
+    malformed(message) {
+        throw new WasmError("malformed", message, this.pos);
+    }
+    eof() {
+        return this.pos >= this.end;
+    }
+    u8() {
+        if (this.pos >= this.end)
+            this.malformed("unexpected end");
+        const b = this.bytes[this.pos];
+        this.pos++;
+        return b;
+    }
+    peek() {
+        if (this.pos >= this.end)
+            this.malformed("unexpected end");
+        return this.bytes[this.pos];
+    }
+    skip(n) {
+        if (n > this.end - this.pos)
+            this.malformed("unexpected end");
+        this.pos += n;
+    }
+    u32() {
+        let result = 0;
+        let scale = 1;
+        for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            const b = this.u8();
+            if (i === 4 && (b & 0xf0) !== 0) {
+                this.malformed(b & 0x80 ? "integer representation too long" : "integer too large");
+            }
+            result += (b & 0x7f) * scale;
+            if ((b & 0x80) === 0)
+                return result;
+            scale *= 128;
+        }
+        return this.malformed("integer representation too long");
+    }
+    /** A signed LEB128 of `bits` bits (32, 33 or 64); answers the value for
+     * 32 and 33 bits and 0 for 64 (no caller needs it). */
+    sleb(bits) {
+        const maxBytes = Math.ceil(bits / 7);
+        let result = 0;
+        let scale = 1;
+        for (let i = 0; i < maxBytes; i++) {
+            const b = this.u8();
+            if (i === maxBytes - 1) {
+                // The final byte's bits above the value's width must repeat its
+                // sign bit, and it may not continue.
+                if (b & 0x80)
+                    this.malformed("integer representation too long");
+                const used = bits - 7 * i;
+                const unused = (b >> (used - 1)) & ((1 << (8 - used)) - 1) & 0x7f;
+                const all = (1 << (7 - used + 1)) - 1;
+                if (unused !== 0 && unused !== all)
+                    this.malformed("integer too large");
+            }
+            if (bits < 64)
+                result += (b & 0x7f) * scale;
+            scale *= 128;
+            if ((b & 0x80) === 0) {
+                if (bits < 64 && b & 0x40)
+                    result -= scale;
+                return bits < 64 ? result : 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return this.malformed("integer representation too long");
+    }
+    u64() {
+        this.sleb(64);
+    }
+    name() {
+        const length = this.u32();
+        if (length > this.end - this.pos)
+            this.malformed("length out of bounds");
+        const start = this.pos;
+        this.pos += length;
+        return utf8(this.bytes, start, this.pos, this);
+    }
+}
+function utf8(bytes, start, end, reader) {
+    let out = "";
+    let i = start;
+    while (i < end) {
+        const b = bytes[i];
+        let cp = 0;
+        let need = 0;
+        if (b < 0x80) {
+            cp = b;
+        }
+        else if (b >= 0xc2 && b <= 0xdf) {
+            cp = b & 0x1f;
+            need = 1;
+        }
+        else if (b >= 0xe0 && b <= 0xef) {
+            cp = b & 0x0f;
+            need = 2;
+        }
+        else if (b >= 0xf0 && b <= 0xf4) {
+            cp = b & 0x07;
+            need = 3;
+        }
+        else {
+            reader.malformed("malformed UTF-8 encoding");
+        }
+        if (i + need >= end)
+            reader.malformed("malformed UTF-8 encoding");
+        for (let k = 1; k <= need; k++) {
+            const c = bytes[i + k];
+            if ((c & 0xc0) !== 0x80)
+                reader.malformed("malformed UTF-8 encoding");
+            cp = cp * 64 + (c & 0x3f);
+        }
+        if ((need === 2 && (cp < 0x800 || (cp >= 0xd800 && cp <= 0xdfff))) ||
+            (need === 3 && (cp < 0x10000 || cp > 0x10ffff))) {
+            reader.malformed("malformed UTF-8 encoding");
+        }
+        out += String.fromCodePoint(cp);
+        i += need + 1;
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+/** Load and store natural alignments (log2) by opcode, 0x28..0x3e. */
+const MEMORY_ALIGN = [2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2];
+/** Load result / store operand types by opcode, 0x28..0x3e. */
+const MEMORY_TYPE = [
+    I32,
+    I64,
+    F32,
+    F64,
+    I32,
+    I32,
+    I32,
+    I32,
+    I64,
+    I64,
+    I64,
+    I64,
+    I64,
+    I64,
+    I32,
+    I64,
+    F32,
+    F64,
+    I32,
+    I32,
+    I64,
+    I64,
+    I64,
+];
+/** Numeric instruction signatures, 0x45..0xc4: operand type, operand
+ * count, result type. */
+function numericSignature(op) {
+    if (op === 0x45)
+        return [I32, 1, I32];
+    if (op <= 0x4f)
+        return [I32, 2, I32];
+    if (op === 0x50)
+        return [I64, 1, I32];
+    if (op <= 0x5a)
+        return [I64, 2, I32];
+    if (op <= 0x60)
+        return [F32, 2, I32];
+    if (op <= 0x66)
+        return [F64, 2, I32];
+    if (op <= 0x69)
+        return [I32, 1, I32];
+    if (op <= 0x78)
+        return [I32, 2, I32];
+    if (op <= 0x7b)
+        return [I64, 1, I64];
+    if (op <= 0x8a)
+        return [I64, 2, I64];
+    if (op <= 0x91)
+        return [F32, 1, F32];
+    if (op <= 0x98)
+        return [F32, 2, F32];
+    if (op <= 0x9f)
+        return [F64, 1, F64];
+    if (op <= 0xa6)
+        return [F64, 2, F64];
+    switch (op) {
+        case 0xa7:
+            return [I64, 1, I32];
+        case 0xa8:
+        case 0xa9:
+            return [F32, 1, I32];
+        case 0xaa:
+        case 0xab:
+            return [F64, 1, I32];
+        case 0xac:
+        case 0xad:
+            return [I32, 1, I64];
+        case 0xae:
+        case 0xaf:
+            return [F32, 1, I64];
+        case 0xb0:
+        case 0xb1:
+            return [F64, 1, I64];
+        case 0xb2:
+        case 0xb3:
+            return [I32, 1, F32];
+        case 0xb4:
+        case 0xb5:
+            return [I64, 1, F32];
+        case 0xb6:
+            return [F64, 1, F32];
+        case 0xb7:
+        case 0xb8:
+            return [I32, 1, F64];
+        case 0xb9:
+        case 0xba:
+            return [I64, 1, F64];
+        case 0xbb:
+            return [F32, 1, F64];
+        case 0xbc:
+            return [F32, 1, I32];
+        case 0xbd:
+            return [F64, 1, I64];
+        case 0xbe:
+            return [I32, 1, F32];
+        case 0xbf:
+            return [I64, 1, F64];
+        case 0xc0:
+        case 0xc1:
+            return [I32, 1, I32];
+        default:
+            return [I64, 1, I64];
+    }
+}
+const SECTION_ORDER = {
+    1: 1,
+    2: 2,
+    3: 3,
+    4: 4,
+    5: 5,
+    13: 6,
+    6: 7,
+    7: 8,
+    8: 9,
+    9: 10,
+    12: 11,
+    10: 12,
+    11: 13,
+};
+class ModuleDecoder {
+    bytes;
+    features = new Set();
+    types = [];
+    funcs = [];
+    importedFuncs = 0;
+    tables = [];
+    memories = 0;
+    memory64 = false;
+    globals = [];
+    importedGlobals = 0;
+    tags = 0;
+    elemTypes = [];
+    dataCount = null;
+    dataSegments = 0;
+    declaredRefs = new Set();
+    exportNames = new Set();
+    importModules = [];
+    customSections = [];
+    imports = 0;
+    exports = 0;
+    codeCount = 0;
+    sawCode = false;
+    /** A type definition outside the function-type subset stopped typing. */
+    gcTypes = false;
+    constructor(bytes) {
+        this.bytes = bytes;
+    }
+    invalid(message, offset) {
+        throw new WasmError("invalid", message, offset);
+    }
+    feature(name) {
+        this.features.add(name);
+    }
+    // ── types ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    /** A value type; GC and exception-handling reference types are named as
+     * features and answer UNKNOWN (the code that uses them is not typed). */
+    valType(r) {
+        const b = r.u8();
+        switch (b) {
+            case I32:
+            case I64:
+            case F32:
+            case F64:
+                return b;
+            case V128:
+                this.feature("simd");
+                return V128;
+            case FUNCREF:
+            case EXTERNREF:
+                return b;
+            default:
+                return this.otherRefType(r, b);
+        }
+    }
+    otherRefType(r, b) {
+        if (b === 0x63 || b === 0x64) {
+            // (ref null ht) / (ref ht): a heap type follows.
+            this.feature("function-references");
+            this.heapType(r);
+            return UNKNOWN;
+        }
+        if (b === 0x69 || b === 0x68 || b === 0x74 || b === 0x75) {
+            this.feature("exceptions");
+            return UNKNOWN;
+        }
+        if (b >= 0x6a && b <= 0x73) {
+            // anyref, eqref, i31ref, structref, arrayref, nullref, ...
+            this.feature("gc");
+            return UNKNOWN;
+        }
+        return r.malformed("malformed value type");
+    }
+    heapType(r) {
+        const b = r.peek();
+        if (b >= 0x60 && b <= 0x7f) {
+            r.u8();
+            if (b === 0x69 || b === 0x74)
+                this.feature("exceptions");
+            else if (b !== FUNCREF && b !== EXTERNREF)
+                this.feature("gc");
+            return;
+        }
+        // A concrete heap type: a typed function reference.
+        const offset = r.pos;
+        const index = r.sleb(33);
+        if (index < 0)
+            r.malformed("malformed heap type");
+        this.feature("function-references");
+        if (index >= this.types.length && !this.gcTypes)
+            this.invalid(`unknown type ${index}`, offset);
+    }
+    refType(r) {
+        const b = r.u8();
+        if (b === FUNCREF || b === EXTERNREF)
+            return b;
+        if (b >= 0x63 && b <= 0x75 && b !== 0x67 && b !== 0x66 && b !== 0x65) {
+            this.otherRefType(r, b);
+            return UNKNOWN;
+        }
+        return r.malformed("malformed reference type");
+    }
+    typeSection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        if (count > MAX_TYPES)
+            r.malformed("too many types");
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const form = r.u8();
+            if (form === 0x60) {
+                this.types.push(this.funcType(r));
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (form === 0x4e || form === 0x50 || form === 0x4f || form === 0x5f || form === 0x5e) {
+                // Recursive groups, subtypes, structs and arrays: the GC type
+                // system. Stop decoding types; nothing after them can be typed.
+                this.feature("gc");
+                this.gcTypes = true;
+                r.pos = r.end;
+                return;
+            }
+            r.malformed("malformed function type");
+        }
+    }
+    funcType(r) {
+        const params = [];
+        const nParams = r.u32();
+        if (nParams > MAX_PARAMS)
+            r.malformed("too many parameters");
+        for (let i = 0; i < nParams; i++)
+            params.push(this.valType(r));
+        const results = [];
+        const nResults = r.u32();
+        if (nResults > MAX_RESULTS)
+            r.malformed("too many results");
+        for (let i = 0; i < nResults; i++)
+            results.push(this.valType(r));
+        if (results.length > 1)
+            this.feature("multi-value");
+        return { params, results };
+    }
+    funcTypeAt(index, offset) {
+        if (index >= this.types.length) {
+            if (this.gcTypes)
+                return { params: [], results: [] };
+            this.invalid(`unknown type ${index}`, offset);
+        }
+        return this.types[index];
+    }
+    limits(r, kind) {
+        const flags = r.u8();
+        if (kind === "memory") {
+            if (flags > 0x07)
+                r.malformed("malformed limits flags");
+            if (flags & 0x02)
+                this.feature("threads");
+            if (flags & 0x04) {
+                this.feature("memory64");
+                this.memory64 = true;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            // Tables: a maximum flag and the table64 flag; no shared tables.
+            if ((flags & ~0x05) !== 0)
+                r.malformed("malformed limits flags");
+            if (flags & 0x04)
+                this.feature("memory64");
+        }
+        const wide = (flags & 0x04) !== 0;
+        const min = wide ? (r.u64(), 0) : r.u32();
+        let max = null;
+        if (flags & 0x01)
+            max = wide ? (r.u64(), 0) : r.u32();
+        if (kind === "memory" && flags & 0x02 && max === null && !wide) {
+            this.invalid("shared memory must have maximum", r.pos);
+        }
+        return { min, max };
+    }
+    memoryType(r) {
+        const offset = r.pos;
+        const { min, max } = this.limits(r, "memory");
+        if (this.memory64)
+            return;
+        if (min > MAX_MEMORY_PAGES)
+            this.invalid("memory size must be at most 65536 pages (4GiB)", offset);
+        if (max !== null && max > MAX_MEMORY_PAGES) {
+            this.invalid("memory size must be at most 65536 pages (4GiB)", offset);
+        }
+        if (max !== null && min > max)
+            this.invalid("size minimum must not be greater than maximum", offset);
+    }
+    addMemory() {
+        this.memories++;
+        if (this.memories > 1)
+            this.feature("multi-memory");
+    }
+    tableType(r) {
+        const offset = r.pos;
+        if (r.peek() === 0x40) {
+            // A table with an explicit initializer (function references).
+            r.u8();
+            if (r.u8() !== 0x00)
+                r.malformed("malformed table type");
+            this.feature("function-references");
+        }
+        const type = this.refType(r);
+        const { min, max } = this.limits(r, "table");
+        if (min > MAX_TABLE_INIT)
+            this.invalid("table size must be at most 10000000", offset);
+        if (max !== null && min > max)
+            this.invalid("size minimum must not be greater than maximum", offset);
+        return { type };
+    }
+    addTable(table) {
+        this.tables.push(table);
+        if (this.tables.length > 1)
+            this.feature("reference-types");
+        if (table.type === EXTERNREF)
+            this.feature("reference-types");
+    }
+    globalType(r) {
+        const type = this.valType(r);
+        if (type === FUNCREF || type === EXTERNREF)
+            this.feature("reference-types");
+        const mut = r.u8();
+        if (mut > 1)
+            r.malformed("malformed mutability");
+        return { type, mutable: mut === 1, imported: false };
+    }
+    // ── sections ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    importSection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        if (count > MAX_IMPORTS)
+            r.malformed("too many imports");
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const module = r.name();
+            r.name();
+            if (!this.importModules.includes(module))
+                this.importModules.push(module);
+            this.imports++;
+            const offset = r.pos;
+            const kind = r.u8();
+            switch (kind) {
+                case 0x00: {
+                    const index = r.u32();
+                    this.funcTypeAt(index, offset);
+                    this.funcs.push(index);
+                    this.importedFuncs++;
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 0x01:
+                    this.addTable(this.tableType(r));
+                    break;
+                case 0x02:
+                    this.memoryType(r);
+                    this.addMemory();
+                    break;
+                case 0x03: {
+                    const global = this.globalType(r);
+                    if (global.mutable)
+                        this.feature("mutable-globals");
+                    global.imported = true;
+                    this.globals.push(global);
+                    this.importedGlobals++;
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 0x04:
+                    this.tagType(r);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    r.malformed("malformed import kind");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    tagType(r) {
+        const offset = r.pos;
+        this.feature("exceptions");
+        if (r.u8() !== 0x00)
+            r.malformed("malformed tag attribute");
+        const type = this.funcTypeAt(r.u32(), offset);
+        if (type.results.length !== 0 && !this.gcTypes)
+            this.invalid("non-empty tag result type", offset);
+        this.tags++;
+    }
+    functionSection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        if (count > MAX_FUNCTIONS)
+            r.malformed("too many functions");
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const offset = r.pos;
+            const index = r.u32();
+            this.funcTypeAt(index, offset);
+            this.funcs.push(index);
+        }
+    }
+    tableSection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const hasInit = r.peek() === 0x40;
+            const table = this.tableType(r);
+            if (hasInit)
+                this.constExpr(r, table.type);
+            this.addTable(table);
+        }
+    }
+    memorySection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            this.memoryType(r);
+            this.addMemory();
+        }
+    }
+    tagSection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            this.tagType(r);
+    }
+    globalSection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        if (count + this.globals.length > MAX_GLOBALS)
+            r.malformed("too many globals");
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const global = this.globalType(r);
+            this.constExpr(r, global.type);
+            this.globals.push(global);
+        }
+    }
+    exportSection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        if (count > MAX_EXPORTS)
+            r.malformed("too many exports");
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const offset = r.pos;
+            const name = r.name();
+            if (this.exportNames.has(name))
+                this.invalid("duplicate export name", offset);
+            this.exportNames.add(name);
+            this.exports++;
+            const kind = r.u8();
+            const indexOffset = r.pos;
+            const index = r.u32();
+            switch (kind) {
+                case 0x00:
+                    if (index >= this.funcs.length)
+                        this.invalid(`unknown function ${index}`, indexOffset);
+                    this.declaredRefs.add(index);
+                    break;
+                case 0x01:
+                    if (index >= this.tables.length)
+                        this.invalid(`unknown table ${index}`, indexOffset);
+                    break;
+                case 0x02:
+                    if (index >= this.memories)
+                        this.invalid(`unknown memory ${index}`, indexOffset);
+                    break;
+                case 0x03:
+                    if (index >= this.globals.length)
+                        this.invalid(`unknown global ${index}`, indexOffset);
+                    if (this.globals[index].mutable)
+                        this.feature("mutable-globals");
+                    break;
+                case 0x04:
+                    if (index >= this.tags)
+                        this.invalid(`unknown tag ${index}`, indexOffset);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    r.malformed("malformed export kind");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    startSection(r) {
+        const offset = r.pos;
+        const index = r.u32();
+        if (index >= this.funcs.length)
+            this.invalid(`unknown function ${index}`, offset);
+        const type = this.funcTypeAt(this.funcs[index], offset);
+        if (type.params.length !== 0 || type.results.length !== 0) {
+            this.invalid("start function must have type [] -> []", offset);
+        }
+    }
+    elementSection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        if (count > MAX_TABLE_INIT)
+            r.malformed("too many element segments");
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const offset = r.pos;
+            const flags = r.u32();
+            if (flags > 7)
+                r.malformed("malformed elements segment kind");
+            const passiveOrDeclarative = (flags & 0x01) !== 0;
+            const explicitTable = (flags & 0x02) !== 0;
+            const usesExprs = (flags & 0x04) !== 0;
+            if (flags !== 0)
+                this.feature(usesExprs || explicitTable ? "reference-types" : "bulk-memory");
+            let tableIndex = 0;
+            if (!passiveOrDeclarative) {
+                if (explicitTable)
+                    tableIndex = r.u32();
+                if (tableIndex >= this.tables.length)
+                    this.invalid(`unknown table ${tableIndex}`, offset);
+                this.constExpr(r, this.memory64 ? UNKNOWN : I32);
+            }
+            let elemType = FUNCREF;
+            if (passiveOrDeclarative || explicitTable) {
+                if (usesExprs) {
+                    elemType = this.refType(r);
+                }
+                else if (r.u8() !== 0x00) {
+                    r.malformed("malformed element kind");
+                }
+            }
+            if (!passiveOrDeclarative) {
+                const tableType = this.tables[tableIndex].type;
+                if (elemType !== UNKNOWN && tableType !== UNKNOWN && elemType !== tableType) {
+                    this.invalid("type mismatch", offset);
+                }
+            }
+            const n = r.u32();
+            for (let k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+                if (usesExprs) {
+                    this.constExpr(r, elemType);
+                }
+                else {
+                    const at = r.pos;
+                    const index = r.u32();
+                    if (index >= this.funcs.length)
+                        this.invalid(`unknown function ${index}`, at);
+                    this.declaredRefs.add(index);
+                }
+            }
+            this.elemTypes.push(elemType);
+        }
+    }
+    dataCountSection(r) {
+        this.dataCount = r.u32();
+        this.feature("bulk-memory");
+    }
+    dataSection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        if (count > MAX_DATA_SEGMENTS)
+            r.malformed("too many data segments");
+        if (this.dataCount !== null && count !== this.dataCount) {
+            r.malformed("data count and data section have inconsistent lengths");
+        }
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const offset = r.pos;
+            const flags = r.u32();
+            if (flags > 2)
+                r.malformed("malformed data segment kind");
+            if (flags !== 1) {
+                let memory = 0;
+                if (flags === 2)
+                    memory = r.u32();
+                if (memory !== 0)
+                    this.feature("multi-memory");
+                if (memory >= this.memories)
+                    this.invalid(`unknown memory ${memory}`, offset);
+                this.constExpr(r, this.memory64 ? UNKNOWN : I32);
+            }
+            else {
+                this.feature("bulk-memory");
+            }
+            const length = r.u32();
+            r.skip(length);
+        }
+        this.dataSegments = count;
+    }
+    customSection(r) {
+        this.customSections.push(r.name());
+        r.pos = r.end;
+    }
+    // ── constant expressions ────────────────────────────────────────────
+    /** A constant expression producing `expected` (UNKNOWN: not checked).
+     * global.get may read any earlier immutable global, as in 3.0 and V8
+     * (2.0 allowed only imported ones in global initializers). */
+    constExpr(r, expected) {
+        const stack = [];
+        const start = r.pos;
+        for (;;) {
+            const offset = r.pos;
+            const op = r.u8();
+            switch (op) {
+                case 0x0b: {
+                    if (expected !== UNKNOWN) {
+                        if (stack.length !== 1 || !matches(stack[0], expected)) {
+                            this.invalid("type mismatch", start);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return;
+                }
+                case 0x41:
+                    r.sleb(32);
+                    stack.push(I32);
+                    break;
+                case 0x42:
+                    r.sleb(64);
+                    stack.push(I64);
+                    break;
+                case 0x43:
+                    r.skip(4);
+                    stack.push(F32);
+                    break;
+                case 0x44:
+                    r.skip(8);
+                    stack.push(F64);
+                    break;
+                case 0x23: {
+                    // A global initializer sees the globals before it (they are all
+                    // that exist yet); offsets see every global.
+                    const index = r.u32();
+                    if (index >= this.globals.length)
+                        this.invalid(`unknown global ${index}`, offset);
+                    const global = this.globals[index];
+                    if (global.mutable)
+                        this.invalid("constant expression required", offset);
+                    stack.push(global.type);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 0xd0: {
+                    this.feature("reference-types");
+                    const t = this.refHeapNull(r);
+                    stack.push(t);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 0xd2: {
+                    this.feature("reference-types");
+                    const index = r.u32();
+                    if (index >= this.funcs.length)
+                        this.invalid(`unknown function ${index}`, offset);
+                    this.declaredRefs.add(index);
+                    stack.push(FUNCREF);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 0x6a:
+                case 0x6b:
+                case 0x6c:
+                case 0x7c:
+                case 0x7d:
+                case 0x7e: {
+                    this.feature("extended-const");
+                    const t = op <= 0x6c ? I32 : I64;
+                    const b = stack.pop();
+                    const a = stack.pop();
+                    if (a === undefined || b === undefined || !matches(a, t) || !matches(b, t)) {
+                        this.invalid("type mismatch", offset);
+                    }
+                    stack.push(t);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 0xfd: {
+                    this.feature("simd");
+                    const sub = r.u32();
+                    if (sub !== 12)
+                        this.invalid("constant expression required", offset);
+                    r.skip(16);
+                    stack.push(V128);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 0xfb:
+                    // GC's struct.new and friends: not typed here.
+                    this.feature("gc");
+                    return this.skipToEnd(r);
+                default:
+                    this.invalid("constant expression required", offset);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    skipToEnd(r) {
+        // Only reachable for GC constant expressions, whose immediates this
+        // decoder does not model: skip to the next end byte.
+        while (r.u8() !== 0x0b) {
+            /* scan */
+        }
+    }
+    /** ref.null's heap type, as a value type (UNKNOWN for GC heap types). */
+    refHeapNull(r) {
+        const b = r.peek();
+        if (b === FUNCREF || b === EXTERNREF) {
+            r.u8();
+            return b;
+        }
+        this.heapType(r);
+        return UNKNOWN;
+    }
+    // ── code ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    codeSection(r) {
+        const count = r.u32();
+        this.sawCode = true;
+        const defined = this.funcs.length - this.importedFuncs;
+        if (count !== defined)
+            r.malformed("function and code section have inconsistent lengths");
+        this.codeCount = count;
+        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const size = r.u32();
+            if (size > r.end - r.pos)
+                r.malformed("length out of bounds");
+            if (size > MAX_FUNCTION_SIZE)
+                r.malformed("function body too large");
+            const body = new Reader(this.bytes, r.pos, r.pos + size);
+            const type = this.funcTypeAt(this.funcs[this.importedFuncs + i], r.pos);
+            new FunctionValidator(this, body, type).run();
+            r.pos += size;
+        }
+    }
+    decode() {
+        const bytes = this.bytes;
+        const r = new Reader(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+        if (bytes.length < 4 ||
+            bytes[0] !== 0 ||
+            bytes[1] !== 0x61 ||
+            bytes[2] !== 0x73 ||
+            bytes[3] !== 0x6d) {
+            r.malformed("magic header not detected");
+        }
+        r.pos = 4;
+        if (bytes.length < 8)
+            r.malformed("unexpected end");
+        if (bytes[4] !== 1 || bytes[5] !== 0 || bytes[6] !== 0 || bytes[7] !== 0) {
+            r.malformed("unknown binary version");
+        }
+        r.pos = 8;
+        let last = 0;
+        while (!r.eof()) {
+            const id = r.u8();
+            const size = r.u32();
+            if (size > r.end - r.pos)
+                r.malformed("section size out of bounds");
+            const section = new Reader(bytes, r.pos, r.pos + size);
+            if (id !== 0) {
+                const order = SECTION_ORDER[id];
+                if (order === undefined)
+                    return r.malformed("malformed section id");
+                if (order <= last)
+                    r.malformed("unexpected section (out of order or duplicate)");
+                last = order;
+            }
+            if (!(this.gcTypes && id !== 0)) {
+                switch (id) {
+                    case 0:
+                        this.customSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 1:
+                        this.typeSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 2:
+                        this.importSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 3:
+                        this.functionSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 4:
+                        this.tableSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 5:
+                        this.memorySection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 6:
+                        this.globalSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 7:
+                        this.exportSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 8:
+                        this.startSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 9:
+                        this.elementSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 10:
+                        this.codeSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 11:
+                        this.dataSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 12:
+                        this.dataCountSection(section);
+                        break;
+                    case 13:
+                        this.tagSection(section);
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                section.pos = section.end;
+            }
+            if (section.pos !== section.end) {
+                r.pos = section.pos;
+                r.malformed("section size mismatch");
+            }
+            r.pos = section.end;
+        }
+        if (!this.gcTypes) {
+            if (!this.sawCode && this.funcs.length > this.importedFuncs) {
+                r.malformed("function and code section have inconsistent lengths");
+            }
+            if (this.dataCount !== null && this.dataSegments !== this.dataCount && this.dataCount !== 0) {
+                r.malformed("data count and data section have inconsistent lengths");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+function isRef(t) {
+    return t === FUNCREF || t === EXTERNREF;
+}
+function isNum(t) {
+    return t === I32 || t === I64 || t === F32 || t === F64 || t === V128;
+}
+function matches(actual, expected) {
+    return actual === expected || actual === UNKNOWN || expected === UNKNOWN;
+}
+/** Validates one function body (the algorithm of the specification's
+ * validation appendix). Once an instruction needs a proposal outside the
+ * translatable set, the rest of the body is only decoded. */
+class FunctionValidator {
+    m;
+    r;
+    type;
+    locals = [];
+    vals = [];
+    ctrls = [];
+    typed = true;
+    constructor(m, r, type) {
+        this.m = m;
+        this.r = r;
+        this.type = type;
+    }
+    invalid(message) {
+        throw new WasmError("invalid", message, this.r.pos);
+    }
+    /** Stops typing: the rest of the body only decodes. */
+    untyped(feature) {
+        this.m.feature(feature);
+        this.typed = false;
+    }
+    run() {
+        const r = this.r;
+        for (const p of this.type.params)
+            this.locals.push(p);
+        const groups = r.u32();
+        let total = this.locals.length;
+        for (let i = 0; i < groups; i++) {
+            const n = r.u32();
+            total += n;
+            if (total > MAX_LOCALS)
+                r.malformed("too many locals");
+            const t = this.m.valType(r);
+            if (t === V128)
+                this.typed = false;
+            if (isRef(t))
+                this.m.feature("reference-types");
+            for (let k = 0; k < n; k++)
+                this.locals.push(t);
+        }
+        if (this.type.params.includes(V128) || this.type.results.includes(V128))
+            this.typed = false;
+        if (this.m.memory64 || this.m.gcTypes)
+            this.typed = false;
+        this.pushCtrl(-1, [], this.type.results);
+        while (this.ctrls.length > 0) {
+            if (r.eof())
+                r.malformed("unexpected end of section or function");
+            this.instruction();
+        }
+        if (!r.eof())
+            r.malformed("operators remaining after end of function");
+    }
+    // The operand stack.
+    push(t) {
+        this.vals.push(t);
+    }
+    pop() {
+        const frame = this.ctrls[this.ctrls.length - 1];
+        if (this.vals.length === frame.height) {
+            if (frame.unreachable)
+                return UNKNOWN;
+            this.invalid("type mismatch");
+        }
+        return this.vals.pop();
+    }
+    popExpect(expected) {
+        const actual = this.pop();
+        if (!matches(actual, expected))
+            this.invalid("type mismatch");
+        // Unreachable code's unknown operand stays unknown when pushed back
+        // (br_if, br_table), so later labels can still meet it.
+        return actual;
+    }
+    pushAll(types) {
+        for (const t of types)
+            this.push(t);
+    }
+    popAll(types) {
+        const out = [];
+        for (let i = types.length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            out.unshift(this.popExpect(types[i]));
+        return out;
+    }
+    pushCtrl(opcode, start, end) {
+        this.ctrls.push({
+            opcode,
+            start,
+            end,
+            height: this.vals.length,
+            unreachable: false,
+            hasElse: false,
+        });
+        this.pushAll(start);
+    }
+    popCtrl() {
+        if (this.ctrls.length === 0)
+            this.invalid("control stack underflow");
+        const frame = this.ctrls[this.ctrls.length - 1];
+        this.popAll(frame.end);
+        if (this.vals.length !== frame.height)
+            this.invalid("type mismatch");
+        this.ctrls.pop();
+        return frame;
+    }
+    labelTypes(frame) {
+        return frame.opcode === 0x03 ? frame.start : frame.end;
+    }
+    setUnreachable() {
+        const frame = this.ctrls[this.ctrls.length - 1];
+        this.vals.length = frame.height;
+        frame.unreachable = true;
+    }
+    label(depth) {
+        if (depth >= this.ctrls.length)
+            this.invalid(`unknown label ${depth}`);
+        return this.ctrls[this.ctrls.length - 1 - depth];
+    }
+    blockType() {
+        const r = this.r;
+        const b = r.peek();
+        if (b === 0x40) {
+            r.u8();
+            return { params: [], results: [] };
+        }
+        if (b === I32 ||
+            b === I64 ||
+            b === F32 ||
+            b === F64 ||
+            b === V128 ||
+            b === FUNCREF ||
+            b === EXTERNREF) {
+            return { params: [], results: [this.m.valType(r)] };
+        }
+        if (b >= 0x60) {
+            return { params: [], results: [this.m.valType(r)] };
+        }
+        const offset = r.pos;
+        const index = r.sleb(33);
+        if (index < 0)
+            r.malformed("malformed block type");
+        this.m.feature("multi-value");
+        return this.m.funcTypeAt(index, offset);
+    }
+    local(index) {
+        if (index >= this.locals.length)
+            this.invalid(`unknown local ${index}`);
+        return this.locals[index];
+    }
+    global(index) {
+        if (index >= this.m.globals.length)
+            this.invalid(`unknown global ${index}`);
+        return this.m.globals[index];
+    }
+    table(index) {
+        if (index >= this.m.tables.length)
+            this.invalid(`unknown table ${index}`);
+        return this.m.tables[index];
+    }
+    /** A memory other than 0 (multi-memory): it must exist; typing stops. */
+    otherMemory(index) {
+        if (index >= this.m.memories)
+            this.invalid(`unknown memory ${index}`);
+        this.untyped("multi-memory");
+    }
+    memoryZero() {
+        if (this.m.memories === 0)
+            this.invalid("unknown memory 0");
+    }
+    func(index) {
+        if (index >= this.m.funcs.length)
+            this.invalid(`unknown function ${index}`);
+        return this.m.funcTypeAt(this.m.funcs[index], this.r.pos);
+    }
+    /** A memarg. A memory other than 0 stops typing (multi-memory). */
+    memarg(naturalAlign) {
+        const r = this.r;
+        const { align, memory } = readMemargFlags(() => r.u32());
+        if (align < 0)
+            r.malformed("malformed memop flags");
+        if (memory !== 0)
+            this.otherMemory(memory);
+        if (this.m.memory64)
+            r.u64();
+        else
+            r.u32();
+        if (!this.typed)
+            return;
+        if (memory >= this.m.memories)
+            this.invalid(`unknown memory ${memory}`);
+        if (align > naturalAlign)
+            this.invalid("alignment must not be larger than natural");
+    }
+    instruction() {
+        const r = this.r;
+        const op = r.u8();
+        if (!this.typed) {
+            this.scan(op);
+            return;
+        }
+        switch (op) {
+            case 0x00:
+                this.setUnreachable();
+                return;
+            case 0x01:
+                return;
+            case 0x02:
+            case 0x03: {
+                const bt = this.blockType();
+                this.popAll(bt.params);
+                this.pushCtrl(op, bt.params, bt.results);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x04: {
+                const bt = this.blockType();
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popAll(bt.params);
+                this.pushCtrl(op, bt.params, bt.results);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x05: {
+                const frame = this.ctrls[this.ctrls.length - 1];
+                if (frame.opcode !== 0x04 || frame.hasElse)
+                    this.invalid("else without matching if");
+                this.popCtrl();
+                this.pushCtrl(0x04, frame.start, frame.end);
+                this.ctrls[this.ctrls.length - 1].hasElse = true;
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x0b: {
+                const frame = this.popCtrl();
+                // An if without else must leave its params as its results.
+                if (frame.opcode === 0x04 && !frame.hasElse) {
+                    if (frame.start.length !== frame.end.length)
+                        this.invalid("type mismatch");
+                    for (let i = 0; i < frame.start.length; i++) {
+                        if (frame.start[i] !== frame.end[i])
+                            this.invalid("type mismatch");
+                    }
+                }
+                this.pushAll(frame.end);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x0c: {
+                const depth = r.u32();
+                this.popAll(this.labelTypes(this.label(depth)));
+                this.setUnreachable();
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x0d: {
+                const depth = r.u32();
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                // br_if leaves the label's types (even over unknown operands);
+                // br_table below leaves what it popped.
+                const types = this.labelTypes(this.label(depth));
+                this.popAll(types);
+                this.pushAll(types);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x0e: {
+                const n = r.u32();
+                const targets = [];
+                for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                    targets.push(r.u32());
+                const defaultDepth = r.u32();
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                const arity = this.labelTypes(this.label(defaultDepth)).length;
+                for (const depth of targets) {
+                    const types = this.labelTypes(this.label(depth));
+                    if (types.length !== arity)
+                        this.invalid("type mismatch");
+                    this.pushAll(this.popAll(types));
+                }
+                this.popAll(this.labelTypes(this.label(defaultDepth)));
+                this.setUnreachable();
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x0f:
+                this.popAll(this.type.results);
+                this.setUnreachable();
+                return;
+            case 0x10: {
+                const type = this.func(r.u32());
+                this.popAll(type.params);
+                this.pushAll(type.results);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x11: {
+                const typeIndex = r.u32();
+                const tableIndex = r.u32();
+                if (tableIndex !== 0)
+                    this.m.feature("reference-types");
+                const table = this.table(tableIndex);
+                if (table.type !== FUNCREF && table.type !== UNKNOWN)
+                    this.invalid("type mismatch");
+                const type = this.m.funcTypeAt(typeIndex, r.pos);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popAll(type.params);
+                this.pushAll(type.results);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x12:
+            case 0x13:
+            case 0x14:
+            case 0x15:
+                this.untyped(op === 0x14 || op === 0x15 ? "function-references" : "tail-call");
+                this.scan(op);
+                return;
+            case 0x06:
+            case 0x07:
+            case 0x08:
+            case 0x09:
+            case 0x0a:
+            case 0x18:
+            case 0x19:
+            case 0x1f:
+                this.untyped("exceptions");
+                this.scan(op);
+                return;
+            case 0x1a:
+                this.pop();
+                return;
+            case 0x1b: {
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                const t1 = this.pop();
+                const t2 = this.pop();
+                if (!(isNum(t1) || t1 === UNKNOWN) || !(isNum(t2) || t2 === UNKNOWN))
+                    this.invalid("type mismatch");
+                if (t1 !== t2 && t1 !== UNKNOWN && t2 !== UNKNOWN)
+                    this.invalid("type mismatch");
+                this.push(t1 === UNKNOWN ? t2 : t1);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x1c: {
+                const n = r.u32();
+                if (n !== 1)
+                    this.invalid("invalid result arity");
+                const t = this.m.valType(r);
+                if (isRef(t))
+                    this.m.feature("reference-types");
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(t);
+                this.popExpect(t);
+                this.push(t);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x20:
+                this.push(this.local(r.u32()));
+                return;
+            case 0x21:
+                this.popExpect(this.local(r.u32()));
+                return;
+            case 0x22: {
+                const t = this.local(r.u32());
+                this.popExpect(t);
+                this.push(t);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x23:
+                this.push(this.global(r.u32()).type);
+                return;
+            case 0x24: {
+                const global = this.global(r.u32());
+                if (!global.mutable)
+                    this.invalid("global is immutable");
+                this.popExpect(global.type);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x25: {
+                this.m.feature("reference-types");
+                const table = this.table(r.u32());
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.push(table.type);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x26: {
+                this.m.feature("reference-types");
+                const table = this.table(r.u32());
+                this.popExpect(table.type);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x3f:
+            case 0x40: {
+                const memory = r.u8();
+                if (memory !== 0) {
+                    // A memory index (multi-memory) or a malformed reserved byte.
+                    r.pos--;
+                    const index = r.u32();
+                    if (index !== 0)
+                        this.otherMemory(index);
+                    if (!this.typed)
+                        return;
+                }
+                this.memoryZero();
+                if (op === 0x40)
+                    this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.push(I32);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x41:
+                r.sleb(32);
+                this.push(I32);
+                return;
+            case 0x42:
+                r.sleb(64);
+                this.push(I64);
+                return;
+            case 0x43:
+                r.skip(4);
+                this.push(F32);
+                return;
+            case 0x44:
+                r.skip(8);
+                this.push(F64);
+                return;
+            case 0xd0: {
+                this.m.feature("reference-types");
+                const t = this.m.refHeapNull(r);
+                if (t === UNKNOWN) {
+                    this.typed = false;
+                    return;
+                }
+                this.push(t);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0xd1: {
+                this.m.feature("reference-types");
+                const t = this.pop();
+                if (!isRef(t) && t !== UNKNOWN)
+                    this.invalid("type mismatch");
+                this.push(I32);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0xd2: {
+                this.m.feature("reference-types");
+                const index = r.u32();
+                this.func(index);
+                if (!this.m.declaredRefs.has(index))
+                    this.invalid("undeclared function reference");
+                this.push(FUNCREF);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0xd3:
+            case 0xd4:
+            case 0xd5:
+            case 0xd6:
+                this.untyped(op === 0xd3 ? "gc" : "function-references");
+                this.scan(op);
+                return;
+            case 0xfc:
+                this.prefixFC();
+                return;
+            case 0xfd:
+                this.untyped("simd");
+                this.scanSimd();
+                return;
+            case 0xfe:
+                this.untyped("threads");
+                this.scanAtomic();
+                return;
+            case 0xfb:
+                this.untyped("gc");
+                r.pos = r.end;
+                this.ctrls.length = 0;
+                return;
+        }
+        if (op >= 0x28 && op <= 0x3e) {
+            const k = op - 0x28;
+            this.memarg(MEMORY_ALIGN[k]);
+            if (!this.typed)
+                return;
+            this.memoryZero();
+            if (op <= 0x35) {
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.push(MEMORY_TYPE[k]);
+            }
+            else {
+                this.popExpect(MEMORY_TYPE[k]);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        if (op >= 0x45 && op <= 0xc4) {
+            if (op >= 0xc0)
+                this.m.feature("sign-extension");
+            const [operand, count, result] = numericSignature(op);
+            for (let i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                this.popExpect(operand);
+            this.push(result);
+            return;
+        }
+        r.pos--;
+        r.malformed(`illegal opcode 0x${op.toString(16)}`);
+    }
+    prefixFC() {
+        const r = this.r;
+        const sub = r.u32();
+        if (sub <= 7) {
+            this.m.feature("nontrapping-fptoint");
+            const from = sub <= 1 || (sub >= 4 && sub <= 5) ? F32 : F64;
+            const to = sub <= 3 ? I32 : I64;
+            this.popExpect(from);
+            this.push(to);
+            return;
+        }
+        switch (sub) {
+            case 8: {
+                this.m.feature("bulk-memory");
+                const segment = r.u32();
+                const memory = r.u32();
+                if (memory !== 0) {
+                    this.otherMemory(memory);
+                    return;
+                }
+                this.memoryZero();
+                const dataCount = this.m.dataCount;
+                if (dataCount === null)
+                    return r.malformed("data count section required");
+                if (segment >= dataCount)
+                    this.invalid(`unknown data segment ${segment}`);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 9: {
+                this.m.feature("bulk-memory");
+                const segment = r.u32();
+                const dataCount = this.m.dataCount;
+                if (dataCount === null)
+                    return r.malformed("data count section required");
+                if (segment >= dataCount)
+                    this.invalid(`unknown data segment ${segment}`);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 10: {
+                this.m.feature("bulk-memory");
+                const dst = r.u32();
+                const src = r.u32();
+                if (dst !== 0 || src !== 0) {
+                    this.otherMemory(Math.max(dst, src));
+                    return;
+                }
+                this.memoryZero();
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 11: {
+                this.m.feature("bulk-memory");
+                const memory = r.u32();
+                if (memory !== 0) {
+                    this.otherMemory(memory);
+                    return;
+                }
+                this.memoryZero();
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 12: {
+                this.m.feature("bulk-memory");
+                const segment = r.u32();
+                const table = this.table(r.u32());
+                if (segment >= this.m.elemTypes.length)
+                    this.invalid(`unknown elem segment ${segment}`);
+                const elemType = this.m.elemTypes[segment];
+                if (!matches(elemType, table.type))
+                    this.invalid("type mismatch");
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 13: {
+                this.m.feature("bulk-memory");
+                const segment = r.u32();
+                if (segment >= this.m.elemTypes.length)
+                    this.invalid(`unknown elem segment ${segment}`);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 14: {
+                this.m.feature("bulk-memory");
+                const dst = this.table(r.u32());
+                const src = this.table(r.u32());
+                if (!matches(src.type, dst.type))
+                    this.invalid("type mismatch");
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 15: {
+                this.m.feature("reference-types");
+                const table = this.table(r.u32());
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(table.type);
+                this.push(I32);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 16:
+                this.m.feature("reference-types");
+                this.table(r.u32());
+                this.push(I32);
+                return;
+            case 17: {
+                this.m.feature("reference-types");
+                const table = this.table(r.u32());
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                this.popExpect(table.type);
+                this.popExpect(I32);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        r.malformed(`illegal opcode 0xfc ${sub}`);
+    }
+    // ── decode-only scanning (proposals outside the translatable set) ─────
+    /** One instruction, decoded for its immediates only. Tracks block
+     * nesting so that the body's final end is found. */
+    scan(op) {
+        const r = this.r;
+        switch (op) {
+            case 0x02:
+            case 0x03:
+            case 0x04:
+            case 0x06:
+                this.scanBlockType();
+                this.ctrls.push({
+                    opcode: op,
+                    start: [],
+                    end: [],
+                    height: 0,
+                    unreachable: true,
+                    hasElse: false,
+                });
+                return;
+            case 0x1f: {
+                this.m.feature("exceptions");
+                this.scanBlockType();
+                const n = r.u32();
+                for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    const kind = r.u8();
+                    if (kind > 3)
+                        r.malformed("malformed catch kind");
+                    if (kind < 2)
+                        r.u32();
+                    r.u32();
+                }
+                this.ctrls.push({
+                    opcode: op,
+                    start: [],
+                    end: [],
+                    height: 0,
+                    unreachable: true,
+                    hasElse: false,
+                });
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x0b:
+                this.ctrls.pop();
+                return;
+            case 0x18:
+                // delegate ends its try block.
+                this.m.feature("exceptions");
+                r.u32();
+                this.ctrls.pop();
+                return;
+            case 0xfc:
+                this.scanFC();
+                return;
+            case 0xfd:
+                this.m.feature("simd");
+                this.scanSimd();
+                return;
+            case 0xfe:
+                this.m.feature("threads");
+                this.scanAtomic();
+                return;
+            case 0xfb:
+                this.m.feature("gc");
+                r.pos = r.end;
+                this.ctrls.length = 0;
+                return;
+        }
+        this.scanImmediates(op);
+    }
+    scanBlockType() {
+        const r = this.r;
+        const b = r.peek();
+        if (b === 0x40) {
+            r.u8();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (b >= 0x60) {
+            this.m.valType(r);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (r.sleb(33) < 0)
+            r.malformed("malformed block type");
+    }
+    /** The immediates of a single-byte opcode that opens no block. */
+    scanImmediates(op) {
+        const r = this.r;
+        switch (op) {
+            case 0x00:
+            case 0x01:
+            case 0x05:
+            case 0x0f:
+            case 0x1a:
+            case 0x1b:
+            case 0x0a:
+            case 0x19:
+            case 0xd1:
+            case 0xd3:
+            case 0xd4:
+                if (op === 0x0a || op === 0x19)
+                    this.m.feature("exceptions");
+                return;
+            case 0x07:
+            case 0x08:
+            case 0x09:
+            case 0x0c:
+            case 0x0d:
+            case 0x10:
+            case 0x12:
+            case 0x14:
+            case 0x15:
+            case 0x20:
+            case 0x21:
+            case 0x22:
+            case 0x23:
+            case 0x24:
+            case 0x25:
+            case 0x26:
+            case 0xd2:
+            case 0xd5:
+            case 0xd6:
+                if (op === 0x07 || op === 0x08 || op === 0x09)
+                    this.m.feature("exceptions");
+                if (op === 0x12)
+                    this.m.feature("tail-call");
+                if (op === 0x14 || op === 0x15 || op === 0xd5 || op === 0xd6)
+                    this.m.feature("function-references");
+                r.u32();
+                return;
+            case 0x0e: {
+                const n = r.u32();
+                for (let i = 0; i <= n; i++)
+                    r.u32();
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x11:
+            case 0x13:
+                if (op === 0x13)
+                    this.m.feature("tail-call");
+                r.u32();
+                r.u32();
+                return;
+            case 0x1c: {
+                const n = r.u32();
+                for (let i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                    this.m.valType(r);
+                return;
+            }
+            case 0x3f:
+            case 0x40:
+                r.u32();
+                return;
+            case 0x41:
+                r.sleb(32);
+                return;
+            case 0x42:
+                r.sleb(64);
+                return;
+            case 0x43:
+                r.skip(4);
+                return;
+            case 0x44:
+                r.skip(8);
+                return;
+            case 0xd0:
+                this.m.refHeapNull(r);
+                return;
+        }
+        if (op >= 0x28 && op <= 0x3e) {
+            this.scanMemarg();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (op >= 0x45 && op <= 0xc4) {
+            if (op >= 0xc0)
+                this.m.feature("sign-extension");
+            return;
+        }
+        r.pos--;
+        r.malformed(`illegal opcode 0x${op.toString(16)}`);
+    }
+    scanMemarg() {
+        const r = this.r;
+        const { align, memory } = readMemargFlags(() => r.u32());
+        if (align < 0)
+            r.malformed("malformed memop flags");
+        if (memory !== 0)
+            this.m.feature("multi-memory");
+        if (this.m.memory64)
+            r.u64();
+        else
+            r.u32();
+    }
+    scanFC() {
+        const r = this.r;
+        const sub = r.u32();
+        if (sub <= 7) {
+            this.m.feature("nontrapping-fptoint");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (sub > 17)
+            r.malformed(`illegal opcode 0xfc ${sub}`);
+        this.m.feature(sub >= 15 ? "reference-types" : "bulk-memory");
+        switch (sub) {
+            case 8:
+            case 10:
+            case 12:
+            case 14:
+                r.u32();
+                r.u32();
+                return;
+            default:
+                r.u32();
+        }
+    }
+    scanSimd() {
+        const r = this.r;
+        const sub = r.u32();
+        if (sub <= 11 || sub === 92 || sub === 93) {
+            this.scanMemarg();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (sub === 12 || sub === 13) {
+            r.skip(16);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (sub >= 21 && sub <= 34) {
+            r.u8();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (sub >= 84 && sub <= 91) {
+            this.scanMemarg();
+            r.u8();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (sub > 0x113)
+            r.malformed(`illegal opcode 0xfd ${sub}`);
+    }
+    scanAtomic() {
+        const r = this.r;
+        const sub = r.u32();
+        if (sub === 0x03) {
+            if (r.u8() !== 0)
+                r.malformed("zero byte expected");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (sub > 0x4e || (sub > 0x03 && sub < 0x10))
+            r.malformed(`illegal opcode 0xfe ${sub}`);
+        this.scanMemarg();
+    }
+}
+/** Decodes and validates `bytes` (a whole module). Never throws. */
+export function analyzeWasm(bytes) {
+    const m = new ModuleDecoder(bytes);
+    let status = "valid";
+    let error = null;
+    try {
+        m.decode();
+    }
+    catch (e) {
+        if (!(e instanceof WasmError))
+            throw e;
+        status = e.kind;
+        error = `${e.message} (at byte ${e.offset})`;
+    }
+    const features = [];
+    const unsupported = [];
+    for (const feature of WASM_FEATURES) {
+        if (!m.features.has(feature))
+            continue;
+        features.push(feature);
+        if (!TRANSLATABLE.has(feature))
+            unsupported.push(feature);
+    }
+    if (status === "valid" && unsupported.length > 0)
+        status = "unsupported";
+    return {
+        size: bytes.length,
+        status,
+        error,
+        features,
+        unsupported,
+        functions: Math.max(0, m.funcs.length - m.importedFuncs),
+        imports: m.imports,
+        exports: m.exports,
+        importModules: m.importModules,
+        memories: m.memories,
+        tables: m.tables.length,
+        globals: m.globals.length,
+        customSections: m.customSections,
+    };
+}
+/** True when `bytes` starts with the WebAssembly magic and version 1. */
+export function isWasmHeader(bytes) {
+    return (bytes.length >= 8 &&
+        bytes[0] === 0 &&
+        bytes[1] === 0x61 &&
+        bytes[2] === 0x73 &&
+        bytes[3] === 0x6d &&
+        bytes[4] === 1 &&
+        bytes[5] === 0 &&
+        bytes[6] === 0 &&
+        bytes[7] === 0);
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=binary.js.map