@scriptc/compiler 0.2.2 → 0.2.4

package/dist/backend/llvm/stack-unions.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+import { expect, test } from "vitest";
+import { BOOL, F64, STRING, VOID, UNDEFINED_T, NULL_T, funcOf } from "../../ir/ir.js";
+import { validateModule } from "../../ir/validate.js";
+import { emitLlvmModule } from "./emitter.js";
+import { canStackUnion } from "./stack-unions.js";
+const loc = { file: "stack-unions.ts", start: 0, end: 0 };
+const record = { kind: "record", shapeId: "cell" };
+const optional = { kind: "union", unionId: "optional" };
+const ref = (localId, type = optional) => ({ kind: "varRef", localId, type, loc });
+const num = (value = 1) => ({ kind: "numLit", value, type: F64, loc });
+const ret = (value) => ({ kind: "return", value, loc });
+const call = (callee, args, type = F64) => ({ kind: "call", callee, args, type, loc });
+const wrap = (value, tag = 0) => ({ kind: "unionWrap", value, tag, unionId: "optional", type: optional, loc });
+const narrow = (value, type) => ({ kind: "unionNarrow", value, unionId: "optional", tag: 0, type, loc });
+const effect = (expr) => ({ kind: "exprStmt", expr, loc });
+const fresh = () => ({ kind: "recordLit", fields: [{ name: "x", value: num(7) }], type: record, loc });
+function fixture(arm = record) {
+    const reader = {
+        name: "read", params: [{ localId: "value", name: "value", type: optional }], returnType: arm, loc,
+        locals: [{ id: "value", name: "value", type: optional, mutable: true }],
+        body: [ret(narrow(ref("value"), arm))],
+    };
+    return {
+        irVersion: 13, sourceFile: loc.file, entry: "main",
+        records: [{ id: "cell", fields: [{ name: "x", type: F64 }] }],
+        unions: [{ id: "optional", arms: [arm, UNDEFINED_T, NULL_T] }],
+        functions: [{ name: "main", params: [], returnType: VOID, locals: [], body: [], loc }, reader],
+    };
+}
+function body(ir, name) {
+    const found = new RegExp(`^define internal [^\\n]*@${name}\\([^]*?^}`, "m").exec(ir);
+    expect(found, name).not.toBeNull();
+    return found[0];
+}
+function emit(mod, pointerBits = 64) {
+    expect(validateModule(mod)).toEqual([]);
+    return emitLlvmModule(mod, { pointerBits });
+}
+function declareLocal(mod, init) {
+    const fn = mod.functions[0];
+    fn.locals.push({ id: "item", name: "item", type: optional, mutable: false });
+    fn.body.push({ kind: "varDecl", localId: "item", init, loc });
+}
+test("reference arguments use a private box and keep an independent payload owner", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    mod.functions[0].body.push(effect(call("read", [wrap(fresh())], record)));
+    for (const width of [32, 64]) {
+        const ir = emit(mod, width), main = body(ir, "sc_f_main");
+        expect(main).toContain("alloca %ScrUnion");
+        expect(main).toContain("@sc_bf_read(");
+        expect(main).not.toContain("@scr_union_new_ref");
+        expect(main).not.toContain("@scr_union_release");
+        expect(main).toContain("@sc_rrelease_");
+        const reader = body(ir, "sc_bf_read");
+        expect(reader).not.toContain("@scr_union_release");
+        expect(reader).toContain("@sc_rretain_");
+    }
+});
+test("owned adapters release borrowed parameters while preserving returned payloads", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    const ir = emit(mod);
+    const adapter = body(ir, "sc_f_read");
+    expect(adapter).toContain("%result = call ptr @sc_bf_read(ptr %p0)");
+    expect(adapter).toContain("call void @scr_union_release(ptr %p0)");
+    expect(adapter).toContain("ret ptr %result");
+    expect(adapter.indexOf("@sc_bf_read")).toBeLessThan(adapter.indexOf("@scr_union_release"));
+});
+test("plain function values retain the owned ABI", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    mod.functions[0].body.push(effect({ kind: "closure", fnName: "read", captures: [], type: funcOf([optional], record), loc }));
+    const ir = emit(mod);
+    const wrapper = body(ir, "sc_w_read");
+    expect(wrapper).toContain("@sc_f_read(");
+    expect(wrapper).not.toContain("@sc_bf_read(");
+});
+test("local construction releases its payload at lexical exit without freeing the stack box", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    declareLocal(mod, wrap(fresh()));
+    mod.functions[0].body.push(effect(call("read", [ref("item")], record)));
+    const main = body(emit(mod), "sc_f_main");
+    expect(main).toContain("alloca %ScrUnion");
+    expect(main).not.toMatch(/@scr_union_(?:new|retain|release)/);
+    expect(main).toContain("@sc_rrelease_");
+});
+test.each(["return", "alias", "capture", "store", "mutable"])("keeps a %s consumer on the ordinary heap path", (reason) => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    const work = { name: "work", params: [], locals: [], body: [], returnType: VOID, loc };
+    mod.functions.unshift(work);
+    declareLocal(mod, wrap(fresh()));
+    if (reason === "return") {
+        work.returnType = optional;
+        work.body.push(ret(ref("item")));
+    }
+    if (reason === "alias") {
+        work.locals.push({ id: "alias", name: "alias", type: optional, mutable: false });
+        work.body.push({ kind: "varDecl", localId: "alias", init: ref("item"), loc });
+    }
+    if (reason === "capture") {
+        work.locals[0].boxed = true;
+        mod.functions.push({ name: "lifted", captures: [{ localId: "item", name: "item", type: optional }], params: [],
+            locals: [{ id: "item", name: "item", type: optional, mutable: false, boxed: true }], body: [ret(ref("item"))], returnType: optional, loc });
+        work.body.push(effect({ kind: "closure", fnName: "lifted", captures: ["item"], type: funcOf([], optional), loc }));
+    }
+    if (reason === "store") {
+        mod.globals = [{ id: "%g.saved", name: "saved", type: optional, mutable: true }];
+        work.body.push({ kind: "assign", localId: "%g.saved", value: ref("item"), loc });
+    }
+    if (reason === "mutable")
+        work.locals[0].mutable = true;
+    expect(body(emit(mod), "sc_f_work")).toContain("@scr_union_new_ref");
+});
+test("forwarded parameters never retain or release a borrowed stack box", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    const outer = {
+        name: "outer", params: [{ localId: "value", name: "value", type: optional }],
+        locals: [{ id: "value", name: "value", type: optional, mutable: true }],
+        body: [ret(call("read", [ref("value")], record))], returnType: record, loc,
+    };
+    mod.functions.push(outer);
+    const ir = emit(mod), forwarded = body(ir, "sc_bf_outer");
+    expect(forwarded).toContain("@sc_bf_read(");
+    expect(forwarded).not.toMatch(/@scr_union_(?:retain|release)/);
+    expect(body(ir, "sc_f_outer")).toContain("@scr_union_release");
+});
+test("mixed signatures transfer owned arguments and retain only borrowed snapshots", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    const fn = mod.functions[1];
+    fn.params.push({ localId: "saved", name: "saved", type: optional });
+    fn.locals.push({ id: "saved", name: "saved", type: optional, mutable: true });
+    fn.returnType = optional;
+    fn.body = [effect(narrow(ref("value"), record)),
+        { kind: "assign", localId: "saved", value: wrap(fresh()), loc }, ret(ref("saved"))];
+    mod.functions[0].body.push(effect(call("read", [wrap(fresh()), wrap(fresh())], optional)));
+    const ir = emit(mod), main = body(ir, "sc_f_main"), adapter = body(ir, "sc_f_read");
+    expect(main.match(/call ptr @scr_union_new_ref/g)).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(main).toContain("alloca %ScrUnion");
+    expect(adapter).toContain("@scr_union_release(ptr %p0)");
+    expect(adapter).not.toContain("@scr_union_release(ptr %p1)");
+    expect(body(ir, "sc_bf_read")).toContain("@scr_union_release");
+});
+test("a shared argument expression gets a stack box only at a projection-only position", () => {
+    const mod = fixture(), fn = mod.functions[1];
+    fn.params.push({ localId: "saved", name: "saved", type: optional });
+    fn.locals.push({ id: "saved", name: "saved", type: optional, mutable: true });
+    fn.returnType = optional;
+    fn.body = [effect(narrow(ref("value"), record)), ret(ref("saved"))];
+    const argument = wrap(fresh());
+    mod.functions[0].body.push(effect(call("read", [argument, argument], optional)));
+    const ir = emit(mod), main = body(ir, "sc_f_main");
+    expect(main.match(/call ptr @scr_union_new_ref/g)).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(main.match(/alloca %ScrUnion/g)).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(body(ir, "sc_bf_read")).toContain("@scr_union_retain_v");
+    expect(body(ir, "sc_bf_read")).not.toContain("@scr_union_release");
+    expect(body(ir, "sc_f_read")).toContain("@scr_union_release(ptr %p1)");
+});
+test("mutable caller bindings take owned snapshots before later arguments", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    declareLocal(mod, wrap(fresh()));
+    mod.functions[0].locals[0].mutable = true;
+    const fn = mod.functions[1];
+    fn.params.push({ localId: "count", name: "count", type: F64 });
+    fn.locals.push({ id: "count", name: "count", type: F64, mutable: true });
+    const second = { kind: "seqExpr", type: F64, loc,
+        stmts: [{ kind: "assign", localId: "item", value: wrap(fresh()), loc }], result: num() };
+    mod.functions[0].body.push(effect(call("read", [ref("item"), second], record)));
+    const main = body(emit(mod), "sc_f_main");
+    expect(main).toContain("@scr_union_retain_v");
+    expect(main.indexOf("@scr_union_retain_v")).toBeLessThan(main.indexOf("@sc_bf_read"));
+    expect(main.lastIndexOf("@scr_union_release")).toBeGreaterThan(main.indexOf("@sc_bf_read"));
+});
+test("globals borrow across preserving calls and snapshot across mutations", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    mod.globals = [{ id: "%g.item", name: "item", type: optional, mutable: false }];
+    mod.functions[0].body.push(effect(call("read", [ref("%g.item")], record)));
+    expect(body(emit(mod), "sc_f_main")).not.toContain("@scr_union_retain_v");
+    mod.globals[0].mutable = true;
+    mod.functions[1].body.unshift({ kind: "assign", localId: "%g.item", value: wrap(fresh()), loc });
+    const main = body(emit(mod), "sc_f_main");
+    expect(main).toContain("@scr_union_retain_v");
+    expect(main).toContain("@scr_union_release");
+});
+test("scalar payloads initialize their complete ABI slot on both pointer widths", () => {
+    for (const value of [num(-0), { kind: "boolLit", value: true, type: BOOL, loc }]) {
+        const mod = fixture(value.type);
+        mod.functions[0].body.push(effect(call("read", [wrap(value)], value.type)));
+        for (const width of [32, 64]) {
+            const main = body(emit(mod, width), "sc_f_main");
+            expect(main).toContain("alloca %ScrUnion");
+            expect(main).not.toMatch(/@scr_union_new_(?:bool|f64)/);
+            expect(main).toContain(value.type.kind === "bool" ? "store i64" : "store double");
+        }
+    }
+});
+test("unit arms initialize tags and slots without acquiring payload ownership", () => {
+    for (const [unit, type, tag] of [["undefined", UNDEFINED_T, 1], ["null", NULL_T, 2]]) {
+        const mod = fixture();
+        mod.functions[1].returnType = BOOL;
+        mod.functions[1].body = [ret({ kind: "unionIsTag", value: ref("value"), unionId: "optional", tag, negated: false, type: BOOL, loc })];
+        mod.functions[0].body.push(effect(call("read", [wrap({ kind: "unitLit", unit, type, loc }, tag)], BOOL)));
+        const main = body(emit(mod), "sc_f_main");
+        expect(main).toContain("store i64 0");
+        expect(main).toContain(`store i32 ${tag}`);
+        expect(main).not.toMatch(/@scr_union_(?:new|retain|release)/);
+    }
+});
+test("checked payload errors retain caller cleanup and owned adapter cleanup", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    const reader = mod.functions[1];
+    reader.body.unshift(effect({ kind: "libCall", fn: "error.nodeThrow", type: record, loc, args: [num(),
+            { kind: "strLit", value: "", type: STRING, loc }, { kind: "strLit", value: "failure", type: STRING, loc }] }));
+    mod.functions[0].body.push(effect(call("read", [wrap(fresh())], record)));
+    const ir = emit(mod), main = body(ir, "sc_f_main");
+    expect(main).toContain("@scr_exc_pending");
+    expect(main).toMatch(/exc\.u\d+:\n\s+call void @sc_rrelease_/);
+    expect(main).toContain("@sc_rrelease_");
+    expect(body(ir, "sc_bf_read")).not.toContain("@scr_union_release");
+    expect(body(ir, "sc_f_read")).toContain("@scr_union_release");
+});
+test("representation matching rejects absent, mismatched and effectful unit arms", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    const unions = new Map(mod.unions.map((union) => [union.id, union]));
+    expect(canStackUnion(wrap(fresh()), unions)).toBe(true);
+    expect(canStackUnion(wrap(num()), unions)).toBe(false);
+    expect(canStackUnion(wrap(fresh(), 9), unions)).toBe(false);
+    expect(canStackUnion(ref("value"), unions)).toBe(false);
+    expect(canStackUnion(wrap(fresh()), new Map())).toBe(false);
+    const effectful = { kind: "seqExpr", stmts: [effect(num())],
+        result: { kind: "unitLit", unit: "undefined", type: UNDEFINED_T, loc }, type: UNDEFINED_T, loc };
+    expect(canStackUnion(wrap(effectful, 1), unions)).toBe(false);
+});
+test("adjacent throwing calls release argument snapshots before the next call", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    const reader = mod.functions[1];
+    reader.returnType = F64;
+    reader.body = [ret({ kind: "recordGet", obj: narrow(ref("value"), record), shapeId: "cell", field: "x", type: F64, loc })];
+    reader.body.unshift(effect({ kind: "libCall", fn: "error.nodeThrow", type: record, loc, args: [num(),
+            { kind: "strLit", value: "", type: STRING, loc }, { kind: "strLit", value: "failure", type: STRING, loc }] }));
+    mod.globals = [{ id: "%g.item", name: "item", type: optional, mutable: true }];
+    reader.body.unshift({ kind: "assign", localId: "%g.item", value: wrap(fresh()), loc });
+    const calls = Array.from({ length: 80 }, () => call("read", [ref("%g.item")], F64));
+    mod.functions[0].body = [effect({ kind: "arrayLit", elems: calls, type: { kind: "array", elem: F64 }, loc })];
+    const main = body(emit(mod), "sc_f_main");
+    expect(main.match(/call ptr @scr_union_retain_v/g)).toHaveLength(calls.length);
+    // Each snapshot has one normal release and one exceptional release.
+    // Earlier calls must not add owners to every later exception edge.
+    expect(main.match(/call void @scr_union_release/g)).toHaveLength(calls.length * 2);
+    const first = main.indexOf("@sc_bf_read"), second = main.indexOf("@sc_bf_read", first + 1);
+    expect(main.slice(first, second)).toContain("@scr_union_release");
+});
+test("a borrowed call returns a new owner before releasing argument snapshots", () => {
+    const mod = fixture();
+    mod.functions[1].body.unshift({ kind: "assign", localId: "%g.item", value: wrap(fresh()), loc });
+    mod.globals = [{ id: "%g.item", name: "item", type: optional, mutable: true }];
+    mod.functions[0].body.push(effect(call("read", [ref("%g.item")], record)));
+    const main = body(emit(mod), "sc_f_main");
+    const callAt = main.indexOf("@sc_bf_read"), unionReleaseAt = main.indexOf("@scr_union_release");
+    const payloadReleaseAt = main.indexOf("@sc_rrelease_");
+    expect(callAt).toBeLessThan(unionReleaseAt);
+    expect(unionReleaseAt).toBeLessThan(payloadReleaseAt);
+    expect(main.match(/call void @sc_rrelease_/g)).toHaveLength(1);
+});
+//# sourceMappingURL=stack-unions.test.js.map

package/dist/backend/llvm/stack-unions.test.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/backend/llvm/string-construction.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import type { IrExpr } from "../../ir/ir.js";
+import type { LlValue, LlvmEmitterContext } from "./expr-context.js";
+/** Flatten only string concatenation, preserving conversion and operand
+ * order. Larger trees remain operands of bounded groups, so each call uses
+ * at most sixteen stack slots and does not need a heap argument array. */
+export declare function stringParts(value: IrExpr): IrExpr[];
+/** The runtime borrows every part without mutating it. Earlier operands
+ * therefore borrow only when their owners survive all later evaluations;
+ * other operands retain ordinary snapshots and exception cleanup. */
+export declare function emitStringParts(host: LlvmEmitterContext, parts: readonly IrExpr[]): LlValue;

package/dist/backend/llvm/string-construction.js

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+import { emitStringInputs } from "./string-lifetimes.js";
+const MAX_PARTS = 16;
+/** Flatten only string concatenation, preserving conversion and operand
+ * order. Larger trees remain operands of bounded groups, so each call uses
+ * at most sixteen stack slots and does not need a heap argument array. */
+export function stringParts(value) {
+    const pending = [value];
+    const parts = [];
+    while (pending.length > 0) {
+        const part = pending.pop();
+        if (part.kind === "strConcat" && parts.length + pending.length < MAX_PARTS - 1) {
+            pending.push(part.right, part.left);
+        }
+        else {
+            parts.push(part);
+        }
+    }
+    return parts;
+}
+/** The runtime borrows every part without mutating it. Earlier operands
+ * therefore borrow only when their owners survive all later evaluations;
+ * other operands retain ordinary snapshots and exception cleanup. */
+export function emitStringParts(host, parts) {
+    const values = emitStringInputs(host, parts);
+    const B = host.B;
+    const storage = B.slot();
+    B.entryAllocas.push(`${storage} = alloca [${parts.length} x ptr]`);
+    for (let i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+        const slot = B.tmp();
+        B.line(`${slot} = getelementptr [${parts.length} x ptr], ptr ${storage}, i32 0, i32 ${i}`);
+        B.line(`store ptr ${values[i].name}, ptr ${slot}`);
+    }
+    host.declare(`declare ptr @scr_str_concat_parts(ptr, ${host.sizeType})`);
+    const result = B.tmp();
+    B.line(`${result} = call ptr @scr_str_concat_parts(ptr ${storage}, ${host.sizeType} ${parts.length})`);
+    return host.own({ name: result, type: parts[0].type });
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=string-construction.js.map

package/dist/backend/llvm/string-construction.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"string-construction.js","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/backend/llvm/string-construction.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAEA,OAAO,EAAE,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,uBAAuB,CAAC;AAEzD,MAAM,SAAS,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC;AAErB;;0EAE0E;AAC1E,MAAM,UAAU,WAAW,CAAC,KAAa;IACvC,MAAM,OAAO,GAAG,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC;IACxB,MAAM,KAAK,GAAa,EAAE,CAAC;IAC3B,OAAO,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;QAC1B,MAAM,IAAI,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,GAAG,EAAG,CAAC;QAC5B,IAAI,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,KAAK,WAAW,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,SAAS,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC;YAC/E,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,KAAK,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;QACtC,CAAC;aAAM,CAAC;YACN,KAAK,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;QACnB,CAAC;IACH,CAAC;IACD,OAAO,KAAK,CAAC;AACf,CAAC;AAED;;qEAEqE;AACrE,MAAM,UAAU,eAAe,CAAC,IAAwB,EAAE,KAAwB;IAChF,MAAM,MAAM,GAAG,gBAAgB,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC;IAC7C,MAAM,CAAC,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC,CAAC;IACjB,MAAM,OAAO,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC;IACzB,CAAC,CAAC,YAAY,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG,OAAO,cAAc,KAAK,CAAC,MAAM,SAAS,CAAC,CAAC;IACnE,KAAK,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,GAAG,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,CAAC,EAAE,EAAE,CAAC;QACvC,MAAM,IAAI,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC;QACrB,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG,IAAI,qBAAqB,KAAK,CAAC,MAAM,gBAAgB,OAAO,gBAAgB,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;QAC3F,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,aAAa,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,CAAE,CAAC,IAAI,SAAS,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;IACtD,CAAC;IACD,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,0CAA0C,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;IACzE,MAAM,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC,GAAG,EAAE,CAAC;IACvB,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG,MAAM,yCAAyC,OAAO,KAAK,IAAI,CAAC,QAAQ,IAAI,KAAK,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,CAAC,CAAC;IACvG,OAAO,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG,CAAC,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,KAAK,CAAC,CAAC,CAAE,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC;AAC1D,CAAC"}

package/dist/backend/llvm/string-construction.test.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {};

package/dist/backend/llvm/string-construction.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import { expect, test } from "vitest";
+import { STRING, VOID } from "../../ir/ir.js";
+import { validateModule } from "../../ir/validate.js";
+import { emitLlvmModule } from "./emitter.js";
+import { stringParts } from "./string-construction.js";
+const loc = { file: "construction.ts", start: 0, end: 1 };
+const text = (value) => ({ kind: "strLit", value, type: STRING, loc });
+const ref = (localId) => ({ kind: "varRef", localId, type: STRING, loc });
+const concat = (left, right) => ({ kind: "strConcat", left, right, type: STRING, loc });
+function module(value) {
+    return { irVersion: 13, sourceFile: loc.file, entry: "main", functions: [
+            { name: "main", loc, params: [], locals: [], returnType: VOID, body: [] },
+            { name: "assemble", loc, params: [{ name: "value", localId: "value", type: STRING }],
+                locals: [{ id: "value", name: "value", type: STRING, mutable: true }],
+                returnType: STRING, body: [{ kind: "return", value, loc }] },
+        ] };
+}
+test("concat grouping bounds each stack vector and preserves leaf order", () => {
+    const leaves = Array.from({ length: 100 }, (_, i) => text(String(i)));
+    for (const tree of [leaves.reduce(concat), leaves.reduceRight((right, left) => concat(left, right))]) {
+        const seen = [];
+        const walk = (value) => {
+            if (value.kind !== "strConcat") {
+                seen.push(value);
+                return;
+            }
+            const parts = stringParts(value);
+            expect(parts.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
+            expect(parts.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(16);
+            for (const part of parts)
+                walk(part);
+        };
+        walk(tree);
+        expect(seen).toEqual(leaves);
+    }
+});
+test.each([32, 64])("concat uses a borrowed stack vector with %i-bit size_t", (bits) => {
+    const mod = module(concat(concat(text("<"), ref("value")), text(">")));
+    expect(validateModule(mod)).toEqual([]);
+    const ir = emitLlvmModule(mod, { pointerBits: bits });
+    const body = /^define internal [^\n]*@sc_bf_assemble\([^]*?^}/m.exec(ir)[0];
+    expect(body).toContain("alloca [3 x ptr]");
+    expect(body).toMatch(new RegExp(`call ptr @scr_str_concat_parts\\(ptr %[^,]+, i${bits} 3\\)`));
+    expect(body).not.toContain("@scr_str_retain_v");
+    expect(body).not.toContain("@scr_str_release");
+});
+test("later writes preserve an owned snapshot of earlier string parts", () => {
+    const changed = { kind: "assignExpr", localId: "value", value: text("new"), type: STRING, loc };
+    const mod = module(concat(concat(ref("value"), changed), ref("value")));
+    expect(validateModule(mod)).toEqual([]);
+    const body = /^define internal [^\n]*@sc_f_assemble\([^]*?^}/m.exec(emitLlvmModule(mod))[0];
+    const retain = body.indexOf("@scr_str_retain_v");
+    const release = body.indexOf("@scr_str_release");
+    const assemble = body.indexOf("@scr_str_concat_parts");
+    expect(retain).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    expect(retain).toBeLessThan(release);
+    expect(release).toBeLessThan(assemble);
+    expect(body.slice(assemble)).toContain("@scr_str_release");
+});
+test("two-part concatenation keeps the existing append path", () => {
+    const ir = emitLlvmModule(module(concat(ref("value"), text("suffix"))));
+    expect(ir).toContain("call ptr @scr_str_concat(");
+    expect(ir).not.toContain("@scr_str_concat_parts");
+});
+//# sourceMappingURL=string-construction.test.js.map

package/dist/backend/llvm/string-construction.test.js.map

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package/dist/backend/llvm/string-lifetimes.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import type { IrExpr, IrStrIntrinsicMethod } from "../../ir/ir.js";
+import type { LlValue, LlvmEmitterContext } from "./expr-context.js";
+/** These methods consume string pointers only for the duration of their
+ * runtime call. Reference results carry their own owner, even when the
+ * runtime returns an unchanged input. Keep new methods conservative until
+ * their ownership contract has been checked. */
+export declare function borrowsStringInputs(method: IrStrIntrinsicMethod): boolean;
+/** Evaluate left to right. An immutable local or immortal literal owns its
+ * value across later operands. A writable binding needs a snapshot unless
+ * the remaining expressions preserve it. Projections also require those
+ * expressions to preserve every reference edge; other values keep ownership. */
+export declare function emitStringInputs(host: LlvmEmitterContext, inputs: readonly IrExpr[]): LlValue[];

package/dist/backend/llvm/string-lifetimes.js

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import { isStableReceiverOperand } from "../../ir/analysis.js";
+import { borrowableInputs } from "./borrowed-inputs.js";
+/** These methods consume string pointers only for the duration of their
+ * runtime call. Reference results carry their own owner, even when the
+ * runtime returns an unchanged input. Keep new methods conservative until
+ * their ownership contract has been checked. */
+export function borrowsStringInputs(method) {
+    switch (method) {
+        case "length":
+        case "charCodeAt":
+        case "charAt":
+        case "indexOf":
+        case "includes":
+        case "startsWith":
+        case "endsWith":
+        case "slice":
+        case "substring":
+        case "repeat":
+        case "trim":
+        case "trimStart":
+        case "trimEnd":
+        case "split":
+        case "padStart":
+        case "padEnd":
+        case "toLowerCase":
+        case "toUpperCase":
+        case "normalize":
+        case "isWellFormed":
+        case "toWellFormed":
+        case "cpAt": return true;
+        default: return false;
+    }
+}
+/** No callback, suspension or reference write can invalidate an earlier
+ * borrowed string during these expressions. Numeric assignment is handled
+ * by the receiver proof; string assignment deliberately stays on the owned
+ * path. A future expression kind does not inherit this guarantee. */
+function preservesStringInputs(value, localId) {
+    if (isStableReceiverOperand(value, localId))
+        return true;
+    switch (value.kind) {
+        case "strLit": return true;
+        case "strEq":
+        case "strCmp":
+        case "strConcat":
+            return preservesStringInputs(value.left, localId) && preservesStringInputs(value.right, localId);
+        case "strIntrinsic":
+            return borrowsStringInputs(value.method) && preservesStringInputs(value.receiver, localId) &&
+                value.args.every((arg) => preservesStringInputs(arg, localId));
+        default: return false;
+    }
+}
+/** Evaluate left to right. An immutable local or immortal literal owns its
+ * value across later operands. A writable binding needs a snapshot unless
+ * the remaining expressions preserve it. Projections also require those
+ * expressions to preserve every reference edge; other values keep ownership. */
+export function emitStringInputs(host, inputs) {
+    const borrowed = borrowableInputs(host, inputs);
+    return inputs.map((value, index) => {
+        if (value.type.kind !== "string")
+            return host.emitExpr(value);
+        if (value.kind === "strLit")
+            return { name: host.internLiteral(value.value), type: value.type };
+        if (borrowed[index])
+            return host.emitReadReceiver(value);
+        if (value.kind === "varRef" && inputs.slice(index + 1).every((next) => preservesStringInputs(next, value.localId))) {
+            return host.emitReadReceiver(value);
+        }
+        return host.emitExpr(value);
+    });
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=string-lifetimes.js.map

package/dist/backend/llvm/string-lifetimes.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/backend/llvm/string-lifetimes.test.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export {};