@scriptc/compiler 0.0.35 → 0.1.1

package/dist/frontend/lowering/lower-inspect.js

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { InternalCompilerError } from "../../errors.js";
 /* The node:util inspect/format lowering (a spoke module like
  * lower-assert.ts): STATIC util.inspect — one synthesized traversal
  * helper per argument type (the deepStrictEqual precedent, interned per
@@ -35,15 +36,13 @@
  * 36's existing stance). */
 import * as ts from "../ts7/adapter.js";
 import { isJsSourceFile } from "../program.js";
-import { BOOL, DYN, F64, RUNTIME_ERROR_CLASSES, STRING, canConvertToDyn, canDynCheckTo, shapeHasAccessorSlots, typeKey } from "../../ir/nodes.js";
+import { BOOL, DYN, F64, RUNTIME_ERROR_CLASSES, STRING, canConvertToDyn, canDynCheckTo, shapeHasAccessorSlots, typeKey } from "../../ir/ir.js";
 import { pureReemittable } from "./lower-exprs.js";
+import { boolLit, numLit, strLit, varRef } from "../../ir/build.js";
 /* ── IR construction shorthand ───────────────────────────────────────── */
-const str = (value, loc) => ({ kind: "strLit", value, type: STRING, loc });
-const num = (value, loc) => ({ kind: "numLit", value, type: F64, loc });
-const boolLit = (value, loc) => ({ kind: "boolLit", value, type: BOOL, loc });
 function concatAll(parts, loc) {
     if (parts.length === 0)
-        return str("", loc);
+        return strLit("", loc);
     let out = parts[0];
     for (let i = 1; i < parts.length; i++) {
         out = { kind: "strConcat", left: out, right: parts[i], type: STRING, loc };
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ function concatAll(parts, loc) {
 /** strEscape's quote ladder over a COMPILE-TIME string (record field
  * names, format-string chunks never pass through here — only keys).
  * Mirrors scr_inspect.c's insp_quote_into byte-for-byte. */
-export function inspectQuote(s) {
+function inspectQuote(s) {
     const hasSingle = s.includes("'");
     const quote = !hasSingle ? "'" : !s.includes('"') ? '"' : !s.includes("`") && !s.includes("${") ? "`" : "'";
     let body = "";
@@ -111,15 +110,15 @@ function errorRenderable(info) {
         return false;
     return info.subclasses.every((s) => errorRenderable(s));
 }
-function isErrorClass(L, className) {
+function isErrorClass(lowerer, className) {
     if (RUNTIME_ERROR_CLASSES.has(className))
         return true;
-    return L.isSubclassOf(className, "%Error");
+    return lowerer.isSubclassOf(className, "%Error");
 }
 /** inspUnsupportedReason: the deepUnsupportedReason twin. Fences name the
  * FIRST unsupported constituent. `visiting` terminates recursive shapes
  * and records their existence (the depth-null gate). */
-function inspectSupport(L, t, visiting, out) {
+function inspectSupport(lowerer, t, visiting, out) {
     switch (t.kind) {
         case "f64":
         case "string":
@@ -132,7 +131,7 @@ function inspectSupport(L, t, visiting, out) {
         case "jsval":
             return null;
         case "array":
-            return inspectSupport(L, t.elem, visiting, out);
+            return inspectSupport(lowerer, t.elem, visiting, out);
         case "bytes":
             return "typed arrays inside composites have no inspect lowering yet (Buffer's <Buffer ..> form vs Uint8Array's is not recorded in the static type here)";
         case "record": {
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ function inspectSupport(L, t, visiting, out) {
                 return null;
             }
             visiting.add(t.shapeId);
-            const shape = L.shapes.get(t.shapeId);
+            const shape = lowerer.shapes.get(t.shapeId);
             if (!shape)
                 return "this record shape has no inspect lowering";
             // Accessor-carrying shapes: Node prints the accessor names as
@@ -161,14 +160,14 @@ function inspectSupport(L, t, visiting, out) {
                 if (shape.fields.length > 0) {
                     return "index-signature records with declared fields have no inspect lowering yet (JS interleaves integer keys across the declared and dynamic key sets)";
                 }
-                const why = inspectSupport(L, shape.indexValue, visiting, out);
+                const why = inspectSupport(lowerer, shape.indexValue, visiting, out);
                 if (why !== null)
                     return why;
                 visiting.delete(t.shapeId);
                 return null;
             }
             for (const f of shape.fields) {
-                const why = inspectSupport(L, f.type, visiting, out);
+                const why = inspectSupport(lowerer, f.type, visiting, out);
                 if (why !== null)
                     return why;
             }
@@ -176,15 +175,15 @@ function inspectSupport(L, t, visiting, out) {
             return null;
         }
         case "map": {
-            const keyWhy = inspectSupport(L, t.key, visiting, out);
+            const keyWhy = inspectSupport(lowerer, t.key, visiting, out);
             if (keyWhy !== null)
                 return keyWhy;
-            return inspectSupport(L, t.value, visiting, out);
+            return inspectSupport(lowerer, t.value, visiting, out);
         }
         case "set":
-            return inspectSupport(L, t.elem, visiting, out);
+            return inspectSupport(lowerer, t.elem, visiting, out);
         case "union": {
-            const def = L.unions.get(t.unionId);
+            const def = lowerer.unions.get(t.unionId);
             if (!def)
                 return "this union has no inspect lowering";
             if (visiting.has(t.unionId)) {
@@ -193,7 +192,7 @@ function inspectSupport(L, t, visiting, out) {
             }
             visiting.add(t.unionId);
             for (const arm of def.arms) {
-                const why = inspectSupport(L, arm, visiting, out);
+                const why = inspectSupport(lowerer, arm, visiting, out);
                 if (why !== null)
                     return why;
             }
@@ -203,10 +202,10 @@ function inspectSupport(L, t, visiting, out) {
         case "func":
             return "function values have no inspect lowering (no runtime name exists — Node prints '[Function: name]'; pass the function's declared identifier directly to util.inspect for the baked form)";
         case "object": {
-            const info = L.classes.get(t.className);
+            const info = lowerer.classes.get(t.className);
             if (!info)
                 return `class '${t.className}' has no inspect lowering`;
-            if (isErrorClass(L, t.className)) {
+            if (isErrorClass(lowerer, t.className)) {
                 return errorRenderable(info)
                     ? null
                     : "error subclasses with declared fields have no inspect lowering yet (the extra own properties are runtime-dynamic)";
@@ -224,7 +223,7 @@ function inspectSupport(L, t, visiting, out) {
             for (const f of info.def.fields) {
                 if (f.name.startsWith("#"))
                     continue;
-                const why = inspectSupport(L, f.type, visiting, out);
+                const why = inspectSupport(lowerer, f.type, visiting, out);
                 if (why !== null)
                     return why;
             }
@@ -232,17 +231,17 @@ function inspectSupport(L, t, visiting, out) {
             return null;
         }
         default:
-            return `'${L.fmt(t)}' values have no inspect lowering`;
+            return `'${lowerer.fmt(t)}' values have no inspect lowering`;
     }
 }
 /* ── the per-type rendering expression ───────────────────────────────── */
 /** True when a runtime value of `t` at index expr `v` answers
  * `typeof v === 'number'` — the grid-grouping order flag. */
-function isNumberFlag(L, t, v, loc) {
+function isNumberFlag(lowerer, t, v, loc) {
     if (t.kind === "f64")
         return boolLit(true, loc);
     if (t.kind === "union") {
-        const def = L.unions.get(t.unionId);
+        const def = lowerer.unions.get(t.unionId);
         const tag = def ? def.arms.findIndex((a) => a.kind === "f64") : -1;
         if (tag >= 0) {
             return { kind: "unionIsTag", unionId: t.unionId, tag, negated: false, value: v(), type: BOOL, loc };
@@ -253,7 +252,7 @@ function isNumberFlag(L, t, v, loc) {
 /** The rendering of one value of type `t` at runtime depth `recurse`
  * with the depth budget `depth` — a direct scalar libCall or a call of
  * the interned per-type helper. */
-function inspectExpr(L, t, value, recurse, depth, loc) {
+function inspectExpr(lowerer, t, value, recurse, depth, loc) {
     switch (t.kind) {
         case "f64":
             return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.f64", args: [value], type: STRING, loc };
@@ -262,9 +261,9 @@ function inspectExpr(L, t, value, recurse, depth, loc) {
         case "bool":
             return { kind: "toString", operand: value, type: STRING, loc };
         case "undefinedT":
-            return str("undefined", loc);
+            return strLit("undefined", loc);
         case "nullT":
-            return str("null", loc);
+            return strLit("null", loc);
         case "regex":
             return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.regex", args: [value], type: STRING, loc };
         case "symbol":
@@ -278,12 +277,12 @@ function inspectExpr(L, t, value, recurse, depth, loc) {
         case "jsval":
             return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.jsval", args: [value, recurse, depth], type: STRING, loc };
         case "object":
-            if (isErrorClass(L, t.className)) {
+            if (isErrorClass(lowerer, t.className)) {
                 return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.error", args: [value, recurse, depth], type: STRING, loc };
             }
-            return { kind: "call", callee: inspectHelper(L, t, loc), args: [value, recurse, depth], type: STRING, loc };
+            return { kind: "call", callee: inspectHelper(lowerer, t, loc), args: [value, recurse, depth], type: STRING, loc };
         default:
-            return { kind: "call", callee: inspectHelper(L, t, loc), args: [value, recurse, depth], type: STRING, loc };
+            return { kind: "call", callee: inspectHelper(lowerer, t, loc), args: [value, recurse, depth], type: STRING, loc };
     }
 }
 /** True when a VALUE of `t` can contain itself — t's type graph reaches t
@@ -292,14 +291,14 @@ function inspectExpr(L, t, value, recurse, depth, loc) {
  * helpers over such types run Node's circular machinery (seen stack +
  * <ref *N>/[Circular *N]); everything acyclic keeps the zero-cost path
  * (a value of an acyclic type can never repeat on its own path). */
-export function typeReachesItself(L, t) {
+export function typeReachesItself(lowerer, t) {
     const root = typeKey(t);
     const seen = new Set();
     const walk = (u) => {
         const constituents = [];
         switch (u.kind) {
             case "record": {
-                const shape = L.shapes.get(u.shapeId);
+                const shape = lowerer.shapes.get(u.shapeId);
                 if (!shape)
                     return false;
                 constituents.push(...shape.fields.map((f) => f.type));
@@ -315,13 +314,13 @@ export function typeReachesItself(L, t) {
                 constituents.push(u.key, u.value);
                 break;
             case "union": {
-                const def = L.unions.get(u.unionId);
+                const def = lowerer.unions.get(u.unionId);
                 if (def)
                     constituents.push(...def.arms);
                 break;
             }
             case "object": {
-                const info = L.classes.get(u.className);
+                const info = lowerer.classes.get(u.className);
                 if (info)
                     constituents.push(...info.def.fields.map((f) => f.type));
                 break;
@@ -350,18 +349,17 @@ export function typeReachesItself(L, t) {
  * `[Set]`/`[ClassName]`, and non-empty composites drive the runtime
  * frame engine (begin / entry / end). Registered in the cache BEFORE the
  * body builds, so recursive shapes call themselves by name. */
-function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
+function inspectHelper(lowerer, t, loc) {
     const key = `insp:${typeKey(t)}`;
-    const existing = L.inspectHelpers.get(key);
+    const existing = lowerer.inspectHelpers.get(key);
     if (existing)
         return existing;
-    const name = `%util.insp.${L.inspectHelpers.size}`;
-    L.inspectHelpers.set(key, name);
-    const ref = (localId, type) => ({ kind: "varRef", localId, type, loc });
-    const v = () => ref("v.0", t);
-    const r = () => ref("r.0", F64);
-    const d = () => ref("d.0", F64);
-    const rPlus1 = () => ({ kind: "bin", op: "+", left: r(), right: num(1, loc), type: F64, loc });
+    const name = `%util.insp.${lowerer.inspectHelpers.size}`;
+    lowerer.inspectHelpers.set(key, name);
+    const v = () => varRef("v.0", t, loc);
+    const r = () => varRef("r.0", F64, loc);
+    const d = () => varRef("d.0", F64, loc);
+    const rPlus1 = () => ({ kind: "bin", op: "+", left: r(), right: numLit(1, loc), type: F64, loc });
     const ret = (value) => ({ kind: "return", value, loc });
     const exprStmt = (expr) => ({ kind: "exprStmt", expr, loc });
     // CYCLE-CAPABLE composites (typeReachesItself) run Node's circular
@@ -371,7 +369,7 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
     // <ref *N> prefix on values the walk found circular). Acyclic types
     // keep the zero-cost path.
     const onCycle = (t.kind === "record" || t.kind === "array" || t.kind === "map" || t.kind === "object") &&
-        typeReachesItself(L, t);
+        typeReachesItself(lowerer, t);
     const begin = () => [
         exprStmt({ kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.begin", args: [rPlus1()], type: { kind: "void" }, loc }),
         ...(onCycle
@@ -395,11 +393,11 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
     const depthGate = (placeholder) => ({
         kind: "if",
         cond: { kind: "bin", op: ">", left: r(), right: d(), type: BOOL, loc },
-        then: [ret(str(placeholder, loc))],
+        then: [ret(strLit(placeholder, loc))],
         else_: null,
         loc,
     });
-    const child = (elemT, value) => inspectExpr(L, elemT, value, rPlus1(), d(), loc);
+    const child = (elemT, value) => inspectExpr(lowerer, elemT, value, rPlus1(), d(), loc);
     const locals = [
         { id: "v.0", name: "v", type: t, mutable: false },
         { id: "r.0", name: "r", type: F64, mutable: false },
@@ -409,68 +407,82 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
     let rebuildShapeOrderBody = null;
     switch (t.kind) {
         case "array": {
-            const len = () => ({ kind: "arrIntrinsic", method: "length", receiver: v(), args: [], type: F64, loc });
-            const at = (i) => ({ kind: "arrayGet", arr: v(), index: i, type: t.elem, loc });
-            locals.push({ id: "n.0", name: "n", type: F64, mutable: false }, { id: "s.0", name: "s", type: F64, mutable: false }, { id: "i.0", name: "i", type: F64, mutable: true });
-            const n = () => ref("n.0", F64);
-            const shown = () => ref("s.0", F64);
-            const i = () => ref("i.0", F64);
-            const hasMore = () => ({ kind: "bin", op: ">", left: n(), right: num(100, loc), type: BOOL, loc });
+            const at = (index) => ({ kind: "arrayGet", arr: v(), index, type: t.elem, loc });
+            const state = (index) => ({ kind: "arrayState", arr: v(), index, type: F64, loc });
+            const eq = (left, right) => ({ kind: "bin", op: "===", left, right, type: BOOL, loc });
+            const lt = (left, right) => ({ kind: "bin", op: "<", left, right, type: BOOL, loc });
+            const add = (left, right) => ({ kind: "bin", op: "+", left, right, type: F64, loc });
+            const sub = (left, right) => ({ kind: "bin", op: "-", left, right, type: F64, loc });
+            locals.push({ id: "n.0", name: "n", type: F64, mutable: false }, { id: "s.0", name: "s", type: F64, mutable: true }, { id: "i.0", name: "i", type: F64, mutable: true }, { id: "next.0", name: "next", type: F64, mutable: false });
+            const n = () => varRef("n.0", F64, loc);
+            const shown = () => varRef("s.0", F64, loc);
+            const i = () => varRef("i.0", F64, loc);
+            const next = () => varRef("next.0", F64, loc);
+            const hasMore = () => lt(i(), n());
+            const isNumber = () => ({
+                kind: "ternary", cond: eq(state(i()), numLit(1, loc)),
+                then: isNumberFlag(lowerer, t.elem, () => at(i()), loc),
+                else_: boolLit(false, loc), type: BOOL, loc,
+            });
+            const holes = () => ({
+                kind: "strConcat", left: strLit("<", loc),
+                right: {
+                    kind: "strConcat", left: { kind: "toString", operand: sub(next(), i()), type: STRING, loc },
+                    right: { kind: "ternary", cond: eq(sub(next(), i()), numLit(1, loc)), then: strLit(" empty item>", loc), else_: strLit(" empty items>", loc), type: STRING, loc },
+                    type: STRING, loc,
+                }, type: STRING, loc,
+            });
             body = [
-                { kind: "varDecl", localId: "n.0", init: len(), loc },
-                {
-                    kind: "if",
-                    cond: { kind: "bin", op: "===", left: n(), right: num(0, loc), type: BOOL, loc },
-                    then: [ret(str("[]", loc))],
-                    else_: null,
-                    loc,
-                },
+                { kind: "varDecl", localId: "n.0", init: { kind: "arrIntrinsic", method: "length", receiver: v(), args: [], type: F64, loc }, loc },
+                { kind: "if", cond: eq(n(), numLit(0, loc)), then: [ret(strLit("[]", loc))], else_: null, loc },
                 depthGate("[Array]"),
-                { kind: "varDecl", localId: "s.0", init: { kind: "ternary", cond: hasMore(), then: num(100, loc), else_: n(), type: F64, loc }, loc },
+                { kind: "varDecl", localId: "s.0", init: numLit(0, loc), loc },
+                { kind: "varDecl", localId: "i.0", init: numLit(0, loc), loc },
                 ...begin(),
                 {
-                    kind: "for",
-                    init: { kind: "varDecl", localId: "i.0", init: num(0, loc), loc },
-                    cond: { kind: "bin", op: "<", left: i(), right: shown(), type: BOOL, loc },
-                    update: { kind: "assign", localId: "i.0", value: { kind: "bin", op: "+", left: i(), right: num(1, loc), type: F64, loc }, loc },
-                    body: [entry(child(t.elem, at(i())), isNumberFlag(L, t.elem, () => at(i()), loc))],
-                    loc,
+                    kind: "while",
+                    cond: { kind: "logical", op: "&&", left: hasMore(), right: lt(shown(), numLit(100, loc)), type: BOOL, loc },
+                    body: [
+                        {
+                            kind: "if", cond: eq(state(i()), numLit(0, loc)),
+                            then: [
+                                { kind: "varDecl", localId: "next.0", init: { kind: "arrIntrinsic", method: "nextPresent", receiver: v(), args: [i()], type: F64, loc }, loc },
+                                entry(holes(), boolLit(false, loc)),
+                                { kind: "assign", localId: "i.0", value: next(), loc },
+                            ],
+                            else_: [
+                                entry({ kind: "ternary", cond: eq(state(i()), numLit(1, loc)), then: child(t.elem, at(i())), else_: strLit("undefined", loc), type: STRING, loc }, isNumber()),
+                                { kind: "assign", localId: "i.0", value: add(i(), numLit(1, loc)), loc },
+                            ], loc,
+                        },
+                        { kind: "assign", localId: "s.0", value: add(shown(), numLit(1, loc)), loc },
+                    ], loc,
                 },
                 {
-                    kind: "if",
-                    cond: hasMore(),
-                    then: [
-                        entry({
-                            kind: "libCall",
-                            fn: "insp.moreItems",
-                            args: [{ kind: "bin", op: "-", left: n(), right: num(100, loc), type: F64, loc }],
-                            type: STRING,
-                            loc,
-                        }, isNumberFlag(L, t.elem, () => at(num(100, loc)), loc)),
-                    ],
-                    else_: null,
-                    loc,
+                    kind: "if", cond: hasMore(),
+                    then: [entry({ kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.moreItems", args: [sub(n(), i())], type: STRING, loc }, isNumber())],
+                    else_: null, loc,
                 },
-                ret(end(str("", loc), str("[", loc), str("]", loc), true, hasMore())),
+                ret(end(strLit("", loc), strLit("[", loc), strLit("]", loc), true, hasMore())),
             ];
             break;
         }
         case "record": {
-            const shape = L.shapes.get(t.shapeId);
+            const shape = lowerer.shapes.get(t.shapeId);
             if (!shape)
-                throw new Error(`inspect of unknown shape ${t.shapeId}`);
+                throw new InternalCompilerError(`inspect of unknown shape ${t.shapeId}`);
             const get = (field, type) => ({ kind: "recordGet", obj: v(), shapeId: t.shapeId, field, type, loc });
             if (shape.tuple) {
                 // Tuples ARE arrays to Node: bracket form, array-extras grouping.
                 if (shape.fields.length === 0) {
-                    body = [ret(str("[]", loc))];
+                    body = [ret(strLit("[]", loc))];
                     break;
                 }
                 body = [depthGate("[Array]"), ...begin()];
                 for (const f of shape.fields) {
-                    body.push(entry(child(f.type, get(f.name, f.type)), isNumberFlag(L, f.type, () => get(f.name, f.type), loc)));
+                    body.push(entry(child(f.type, get(f.name, f.type)), isNumberFlag(lowerer, f.type, () => get(f.name, f.type), loc)));
                 }
-                body.push(ret(end(str("", loc), str("[", loc), str("]", loc), true, boolLit(false, loc))));
+                body.push(ret(end(strLit("", loc), strLit("[", loc), strLit("]", loc), true, boolLit(false, loc))));
                 break;
             }
             if (shape.indexValue && shape.fields.length === 0) {
@@ -483,18 +495,18 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
                 const iv = shape.indexValue;
                 const ksT = { kind: "array", elem: STRING };
                 locals.push({ id: "ks.0", name: "ks", type: ksT, mutable: false }, { id: "n.0", name: "n", type: F64, mutable: false }, { id: "i.0", name: "i", type: F64, mutable: true }, { id: "k.0", name: "k", type: STRING, mutable: false });
-                const ks = () => ref("ks.0", ksT);
-                const n = () => ref("n.0", F64);
-                const i = () => ref("i.0", F64);
-                const k = () => ref("k.0", STRING);
+                const ks = () => varRef("ks.0", ksT, loc);
+                const n = () => varRef("n.0", F64, loc);
+                const i = () => varRef("i.0", F64, loc);
+                const k = () => varRef("k.0", STRING, loc);
                 const keyedRead = () => ({ kind: "recordKeyGet", obj: v(), shapeId: t.shapeId, key: k(), overflowOnly: true, type: iv, loc });
                 body = [
                     { kind: "varDecl", localId: "ks.0", init: { kind: "recordOvfKeys", obj: v(), shapeId: t.shapeId, type: ksT, loc }, loc },
                     { kind: "varDecl", localId: "n.0", init: { kind: "arrIntrinsic", method: "length", receiver: ks(), args: [], type: F64, loc }, loc },
                     {
                         kind: "if",
-                        cond: { kind: "bin", op: "===", left: n(), right: num(0, loc), type: BOOL, loc },
-                        then: [ret(str("{}", loc))],
+                        cond: { kind: "bin", op: "===", left: n(), right: numLit(0, loc), type: BOOL, loc },
+                        then: [ret(strLit("{}", loc))],
                         else_: null,
                         loc,
                     },
@@ -502,32 +514,32 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
                     ...begin(),
                     {
                         kind: "for",
-                        init: { kind: "varDecl", localId: "i.0", init: num(0, loc), loc },
+                        init: { kind: "varDecl", localId: "i.0", init: numLit(0, loc), loc },
                         cond: { kind: "bin", op: "<", left: i(), right: n(), type: BOOL, loc },
-                        update: { kind: "assign", localId: "i.0", value: { kind: "bin", op: "+", left: i(), right: num(1, loc), type: F64, loc }, loc },
+                        update: { kind: "assign", localId: "i.0", value: { kind: "bin", op: "+", left: i(), right: numLit(1, loc), type: F64, loc }, loc },
                         body: [
                             { kind: "varDecl", localId: "k.0", init: { kind: "arrayGet", arr: ks(), index: i(), type: STRING, loc }, loc },
                             entry(concatAll([
                                 { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.key", args: [k()], type: STRING, loc },
-                                str(": ", loc),
+                                strLit(": ", loc),
                                 child(iv, keyedRead()),
                             ], loc), boolLit(false, loc)),
                         ],
                         loc,
                     },
-                    ret(end(str("", loc), str("{", loc), str("}", loc), false, boolLit(false, loc))),
+                    ret(end(strLit("", loc), strLit("{", loc), strLit("}", loc), false, boolLit(false, loc))),
                 ];
                 break;
             }
             if (shape.fields.length === 0) {
-                body = [ret(str("{}", loc))];
+                body = [ret(strLit("{}", loc))];
                 break;
             }
             // Object.keys' declared order (SEMANTICS.md 36's stance). Retained
             // reachability can settle this shape after the helper is first
             // interned, so rebuild the field walk once metadata is final.
             rebuildShapeOrderBody = () => {
-                const current = L.shapes.get(t.shapeId) ?? shape;
+                const current = lowerer.shapes.get(t.shapeId) ?? shape;
                 const order = current.declaredOrder ?? current.fields.map((f) => f.name);
                 const byName = new Map(current.fields.map((f) => [f.name, f.type]));
                 body = [depthGate("[Object]"), ...begin()];
@@ -535,9 +547,9 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
                     const ft = byName.get(fname);
                     if (!ft)
                         continue;
-                    body.push(entry(concatAll([str(`${inspectKey(fname)}: `, loc), child(ft, get(fname, ft))], loc), boolLit(false, loc)));
+                    body.push(entry(concatAll([strLit(`${inspectKey(fname)}: `, loc), child(ft, get(fname, ft))], loc), boolLit(false, loc)));
                 }
-                body.push(ret(end(str("", loc), str("{", loc), str("}", loc), false, boolLit(false, loc))));
+                body.push(ret(end(strLit("", loc), strLit("{", loc), strLit("}", loc), false, boolLit(false, loc))));
             };
             rebuildShapeOrderBody();
             break;
@@ -549,36 +561,36 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
                 ? { kind: "mapIntrinsic", method: method, receiver: v(), args, type, loc }
                 : { kind: "setIntrinsic", method: method, receiver: v(), args, type, loc };
             locals.push({ id: "n.0", name: "n", type: F64, mutable: false }, { id: "i.0", name: "i", type: F64, mutable: true }, { id: "c.0", name: "c", type: F64, mutable: true });
-            const n = () => ref("n.0", F64);
-            const i = () => ref("i.0", F64);
-            const c = () => ref("c.0", F64);
+            const n = () => varRef("n.0", F64, loc);
+            const i = () => varRef("i.0", F64, loc);
+            const c = () => varRef("c.0", F64, loc);
             const label = isMap ? "Map" : "Set";
             const keyT = isMap ? t.key : t.elem;
-            const hasMore = () => ({ kind: "bin", op: ">", left: n(), right: num(100, loc), type: BOOL, loc });
+            const hasMore = () => ({ kind: "bin", op: ">", left: n(), right: numLit(100, loc), type: BOOL, loc });
             const entryValue = () => {
                 const k = child(keyT, mi("iterKey", [i()], keyT));
                 if (!isMap)
                     return k;
                 const valueT = t.value;
-                return concatAll([k, str(" => ", loc), child(valueT, mi("iterValue", [i()], valueT))], loc);
+                return concatAll([k, strLit(" => ", loc), child(valueT, mi("iterValue", [i()], valueT))], loc);
             };
             body = [
                 { kind: "varDecl", localId: "n.0", init: mi("size", [], F64), loc },
                 {
                     kind: "if",
-                    cond: { kind: "bin", op: "===", left: n(), right: num(0, loc), type: BOOL, loc },
-                    then: [ret(str(`${label}(0) {}`, loc))],
+                    cond: { kind: "bin", op: "===", left: n(), right: numLit(0, loc), type: BOOL, loc },
+                    then: [ret(strLit(`${label}(0) {}`, loc))],
                     else_: null,
                     loc,
                 },
                 depthGate(`[${label}]`),
                 ...begin(),
-                { kind: "varDecl", localId: "c.0", init: num(0, loc), loc },
+                { kind: "varDecl", localId: "c.0", init: numLit(0, loc), loc },
                 {
                     kind: "for",
-                    init: { kind: "varDecl", localId: "i.0", init: num(0, loc), loc },
+                    init: { kind: "varDecl", localId: "i.0", init: numLit(0, loc), loc },
                     cond: { kind: "bin", op: "<", left: i(), right: mi("iterCount", [], F64), type: BOOL, loc },
-                    update: { kind: "assign", localId: "i.0", value: { kind: "bin", op: "+", left: i(), right: num(1, loc), type: F64, loc }, loc },
+                    update: { kind: "assign", localId: "i.0", value: { kind: "bin", op: "+", left: i(), right: numLit(1, loc), type: F64, loc }, loc },
                     body: [
                         {
                             kind: "if",
@@ -589,13 +601,13 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
                         },
                         {
                             kind: "if",
-                            cond: { kind: "bin", op: "===", left: c(), right: num(100, loc), type: BOOL, loc },
+                            cond: { kind: "bin", op: "===", left: c(), right: numLit(100, loc), type: BOOL, loc },
                             then: [{ kind: "break", loc }],
                             else_: null,
                             loc,
                         },
                         entry(entryValue(), boolLit(false, loc)),
-                        { kind: "assign", localId: "c.0", value: { kind: "bin", op: "+", left: c(), right: num(1, loc), type: F64, loc }, loc },
+                        { kind: "assign", localId: "c.0", value: { kind: "bin", op: "+", left: c(), right: numLit(1, loc), type: F64, loc }, loc },
                     ],
                     loc,
                 },
@@ -606,7 +618,7 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
                         entry({
                             kind: "libCall",
                             fn: "insp.moreItems",
-                            args: [{ kind: "bin", op: "-", left: n(), right: num(100, loc), type: F64, loc }],
+                            args: [{ kind: "bin", op: "-", left: n(), right: numLit(100, loc), type: F64, loc }],
                             type: STRING,
                             loc,
                         }, boolLit(false, loc)),
@@ -614,14 +626,14 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
                     else_: null,
                     loc,
                 },
-                ret(end(str("", loc), concatAll([str(`${label}(`, loc), { kind: "toString", operand: n(), type: STRING, loc }, str(") {", loc)], loc), str("}", loc), false, hasMore())),
+                ret(end(strLit("", loc), concatAll([strLit(`${label}(`, loc), { kind: "toString", operand: n(), type: STRING, loc }, strLit(") {", loc)], loc), strLit("}", loc), false, hasMore())),
             ];
             break;
         }
         case "union": {
-            const def = L.unions.get(t.unionId);
+            const def = lowerer.unions.get(t.unionId);
             if (!def)
-                throw new Error(`inspect of unknown union ${t.unionId}`);
+                throw new InternalCompilerError(`inspect of unknown union ${t.unionId}`);
             body = [];
             def.arms.forEach((arm, tag) => {
                 // The union wrapper is not a nesting level: arms render at the
@@ -630,18 +642,18 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
                 body.push({
                     kind: "if",
                     cond: { kind: "unionIsTag", unionId: t.unionId, tag, negated: false, value: v(), type: BOOL, loc },
-                    then: [ret(inspectExpr(L, arm, narrowed, r(), d(), loc))],
+                    then: [ret(inspectExpr(lowerer, arm, narrowed, r(), d(), loc))],
                     else_: null,
                     loc,
                 });
             });
-            body.push(ret(str("", loc))); // unreachable: some arm always matches
+            body.push(ret(strLit("", loc))); // unreachable: some arm always matches
             break;
         }
         case "object": {
-            const info = L.classes.get(t.className);
+            const info = lowerer.classes.get(t.className);
             if (!info)
-                throw new Error(`inspect of unknown class ${t.className}`);
+                throw new InternalCompilerError(`inspect of unknown class ${t.className}`);
             // Node prints the class's OWN name — the declaration's, never the
             // IR name's module qualifier (`m0.Timer` is the frontend's spelling
             // for a class declared in a non-entry module).
@@ -651,7 +663,7 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
             // so a class whose only fields are private prints as `C {}`.
             const visible = info.def.fields.filter((f) => !f.name.startsWith("#"));
             if (visible.length === 0) {
-                body = [ret(str(`${display} {}`, loc))];
+                body = [ret(strLit(`${display} {}`, loc))];
                 break;
             }
             const get = (field, type) => ({ kind: "fieldGet", obj: v(), className: t.className, field, type, loc });
@@ -670,13 +682,13 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
             ];
             for (const f of ordered) {
                 const key = symNames.has(f.name) ? f.name : inspectKey(f.name);
-                body.push(entry(concatAll([str(`${key}: `, loc), child(f.type, get(f.name, f.type))], loc), boolLit(false, loc)));
+                body.push(entry(concatAll([strLit(`${key}: `, loc), child(f.type, get(f.name, f.type))], loc), boolLit(false, loc)));
             }
-            body.push(ret(end(str("", loc), str(`${display} {`, loc), str("}", loc), false, boolLit(false, loc))));
+            body.push(ret(end(strLit("", loc), strLit(`${display} {`, loc), strLit("}", loc), false, boolLit(false, loc))));
             break;
         }
         default:
-            throw new Error(`inspect helper over unexpected type ${typeKey(t)}`);
+            throw new InternalCompilerError(`inspect helper over unexpected type ${typeKey(t)}`);
     }
     let prependCycleGuard = null;
     if (onCycle) {
@@ -685,7 +697,7 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
         // [Circular *N] and descends no further — Node's formatValue order
         // (a circular target beyond the depth budget still says Circular).
         locals.push({ id: "cc.0", name: "cc", type: F64, mutable: false });
-        const cc = () => ref("cc.0", F64);
+        const cc = () => varRef("cc.0", F64, loc);
         prependCycleGuard = () => {
             body.unshift({
                 kind: "varDecl",
@@ -694,7 +706,7 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
                 loc,
             }, {
                 kind: "if",
-                cond: { kind: "bin", op: ">", left: cc(), right: num(0, loc), type: BOOL, loc },
+                cond: { kind: "bin", op: ">", left: cc(), right: numLit(0, loc), type: BOOL, loc },
                 then: [ret({ kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.circular", args: [cc()], type: STRING, loc })],
                 else_: null,
                 loc,
@@ -715,13 +727,13 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
         loc,
     };
     if (rebuildShapeOrderBody !== null) {
-        L.shapeOrderHelperFinalizers.push(() => {
+        lowerer.shapeOrderHelperFinalizers.push(() => {
             rebuildShapeOrderBody();
             prependCycleGuard?.();
             fn.body = body;
         });
     }
-    L.liftedFns.push(fn);
+    lowerer.liftedFns.push(fn);
     return name;
 }
 /* ── the console/format top-level value rendering ────────────────────── */
@@ -732,7 +744,7 @@ function inspectHelper(L, t, loc) {
  * exactly as inspect at the given depth. Unions dispatch per arm AT
  * RUNTIME through an interned helper, so a string arm stays verbatim
  * while its sibling arms inspect. Callers check inspectSupport first. */
-export function formatValueExpr(L, t, value, depth, loc) {
+function formatValueExpr(lowerer, t, value, depth, loc) {
     switch (t.kind) {
         case "string":
             return value;
@@ -741,33 +753,33 @@ export function formatValueExpr(L, t, value, depth, loc) {
         case "bool":
             return { kind: "toString", operand: value, type: STRING, loc };
         case "undefinedT":
-            return str("undefined", loc);
+            return strLit("undefined", loc);
         case "nullT":
-            return str("null", loc);
+            return strLit("null", loc);
         case "symbol":
             return { kind: "libCall", fn: "sym.toString", args: [value], type: STRING, loc };
         case "dyn":
-            return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.dynS", args: [value, num(depth, loc)], type: STRING, loc };
+            return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.dynS", args: [value, numLit(depth, loc)], type: STRING, loc };
         case "union":
-            return { kind: "call", callee: formatUnionHelper(L, t, depth, loc), args: [value], type: STRING, loc };
+            return { kind: "call", callee: formatUnionHelper(lowerer, t, depth, loc), args: [value], type: STRING, loc };
         default:
-            return inspectExpr(L, t, value, num(0, loc), num(depth, loc), loc);
+            return inspectExpr(lowerer, t, value, numLit(0, loc), numLit(depth, loc), loc);
     }
 }
 /** `%util.fmtv.<n>(v): string` — formatValueExpr's runtime dispatch over a
  * union's arms (interned per union + depth, the inspectHelper pattern).
  * The TOP-LEVEL union rule only: nested unions inside composites keep
  * inspect's own rendering, where string arms quote — exactly Node. */
-function formatUnionHelper(L, t, depth, loc) {
+function formatUnionHelper(lowerer, t, depth, loc) {
     const key = `fmtv:${typeKey(t)}:${depth}`;
-    const existing = L.inspectHelpers.get(key);
+    const existing = lowerer.inspectHelpers.get(key);
     if (existing)
         return existing;
-    const name = `%util.fmtv.${L.inspectHelpers.size}`;
-    L.inspectHelpers.set(key, name);
-    const def = L.unions.get(t.unionId);
+    const name = `%util.fmtv.${lowerer.inspectHelpers.size}`;
+    lowerer.inspectHelpers.set(key, name);
+    const def = lowerer.unions.get(t.unionId);
     if (!def)
-        throw new Error(`format value over unknown union ${t.unionId}`);
+        throw new InternalCompilerError(`format value over unknown union ${t.unionId}`);
     const v = () => ({ kind: "varRef", localId: "v.0", type: t, loc });
     const body = [];
     def.arms.forEach((arm, tag) => {
@@ -775,13 +787,13 @@ function formatUnionHelper(L, t, depth, loc) {
         body.push({
             kind: "if",
             cond: { kind: "unionIsTag", unionId: t.unionId, tag, negated: false, value: v(), type: BOOL, loc },
-            then: [{ kind: "return", value: formatValueExpr(L, arm, narrowed, depth, loc), loc }],
+            then: [{ kind: "return", value: formatValueExpr(lowerer, arm, narrowed, depth, loc), loc }],
             else_: null,
             loc,
         });
     });
-    body.push({ kind: "return", value: str("", loc), loc }); // unreachable: some arm always matches
-    L.liftedFns.push({
+    body.push({ kind: "return", value: strLit("", loc), loc }); // unreachable: some arm always matches
+    lowerer.liftedFns.push({
         name,
         params: [{ localId: "v.0", name: "v", type: t }],
         returnType: STRING,
@@ -797,53 +809,53 @@ function formatUnionHelper(L, t, depth, loc) {
  * site): the rendered STRING under Node's console semantics — inspect at
  * the rest-args depth 2 — or the honest fence naming the first
  * unsupported constituent. */
-export function lowerConsoleInspectArg(L, node, value, surface, loc) {
+export function lowerConsoleInspectArg(lowerer, node, value, surface, loc) {
     const t = value.type;
     if (t.kind === "undefinedT" || t.kind === "nullT") {
         // The baked text ("undefined"/"null"): the operand is a literal or a
         // pure read, so dropping its evaluation loses nothing. Effectful
         // unit-typed operands keep a fence — a silent skip is banned.
         if (value.kind !== "unitLit" && !pureReemittable(value)) {
-            L.unsupported("SC1090", node, `${surface} of an effectful '${L.fmt(t)}'-typed expression (evaluate it first: const v = ...; ${surface}(v))`);
+            lowerer.unsupported("SC1090", node, `${surface} of an effectful '${lowerer.fmt(t)}'-typed expression (evaluate it first: const v = ...; ${surface}(v))`);
         }
-        return str(t.kind === "undefinedT" ? "undefined" : "null", loc);
+        return strLit(t.kind === "undefinedT" ? "undefined" : "null", loc);
     }
     if (t.kind === "bytes") {
         // One runtime representation serves Buffer AND Uint8Array; their
         // renderings differ, so the argument's checker type picks — and only
         // Buffer lowers (lowerInspectCall's stance).
-        const tname = L.checker.typeToString(L.checker.getBaseTypeOfLiteralType(L.typeOf(node)));
+        const tname = lowerer.checker.typeToString(lowerer.checker.getBaseTypeOfLiteralType(lowerer.typeOf(node)));
         const isBuffer = tname === "Buffer" || tname === "NonSharedBuffer" || tname.startsWith("Buffer<") || tname.startsWith("NonSharedBuffer<");
         if (t.elem !== "u8" || !isBuffer) {
-            L.unsupported("SC1090", node, `${surface} of '${tname}' values (Buffer's <Buffer ..> form is the lowered typed-array rendering; other typed arrays fence)`);
+            lowerer.unsupported("SC1090", node, `${surface} of '${tname}' values (Buffer's <Buffer ..> form is the lowered typed-array rendering; other typed arrays fence)`);
         }
-        return inspectExpr(L, t, value, num(0, loc), num(2, loc), loc);
+        return inspectExpr(lowerer, t, value, numLit(0, loc), numLit(2, loc), loc);
     }
     if (t.kind === "void") {
         // Node prints "undefined" for a void call's result; a void expression
         // is not a value here, so the composition fences with the rewrite.
-        L.unsupported("SC1090", node, `${surface} of a void call result (call it as its own statement, then ${surface}(undefined))`);
+        lowerer.unsupported("SC1090", node, `${surface} of a void call result (call it as its own statement, then ${surface}(undefined))`);
     }
     const walk = { recursive: false };
-    const reason = inspectSupport(L, t, new Set(), walk);
+    const reason = inspectSupport(lowerer, t, new Set(), walk);
     if (reason !== null) {
-        L.unsupported("SC1090", node, `${surface} of '${L.fmt(t)}' values (${reason})`);
+        lowerer.unsupported("SC1090", node, `${surface} of '${lowerer.fmt(t)}' values (${reason})`);
     }
-    return formatValueExpr(L, t, value, 2, loc);
+    return formatValueExpr(lowerer, t, value, 2, loc);
 }
 /* ── the callsite: options, direct function/class names ──────────────── */
 /** The parsed options literal: the resolved depth (numeric; Infinity for
  * `null`), with every non-default knob fenced by name. */
-function parseInspectOptions(L, node, recursive) {
+function parseInspectOptions(lowerer, node, recursive) {
     if (!node || (ts.isIdentifier(node) && node.text === "undefined"))
         return 2;
     if (!ts.isObjectLiteralExpression(node)) {
-        L.noLowering("util.inspect with a non-literal options argument", node, "the options must be an object literal ({ depth, colors: false, ... }) so the knobs resolve at compile time");
+        lowerer.noLowering("util.inspect with a non-literal options argument", node, "the options must be an object literal ({ depth, colors: false, ... }) so the knobs resolve at compile time");
     }
     let depth = 2;
     for (const prop of node.properties) {
         if (!ts.isPropertyAssignment(prop) || !ts.isIdentifier(prop.name)) {
-            L.noLowering("util.inspect options in this form", prop, "plain `key: literal` entries are the lowered options");
+            lowerer.noLowering("util.inspect options in this form", prop, "plain `key: literal` entries are the lowered options");
         }
         const key = prop.name.text;
         const value = prop.initializer;
@@ -866,28 +878,28 @@ function parseInspectOptions(L, node, recursive) {
             else if (!(ts.isIdentifier(value) && value.text === "undefined")) {
                 const n = numeric();
                 if (n === null) {
-                    L.noLowering("util.inspect with a non-literal depth option", value, "depth must be a numeric literal (or null)");
+                    lowerer.noLowering("util.inspect with a non-literal depth option", value, "depth must be a numeric literal (or null)");
                 }
                 depth = n;
             }
         }
         else if (key === "colors") {
             if (value.kind !== ts.SyntaxKind.FalseKeyword) {
-                L.noLowering("util.inspect with colors: true", value, "ANSI styling has no lowering — only colors: false");
+                lowerer.noLowering("util.inspect with colors: true", value, "ANSI styling has no lowering — only colors: false");
             }
         }
         else if (key === "compact") {
             if (numeric() !== 3) {
-                L.noLowering("util.inspect with a non-default compact option", value, "only the default compact: 3 is lowered");
+                lowerer.noLowering("util.inspect with a non-default compact option", value, "only the default compact: 3 is lowered");
             }
         }
         else if (key === "breakLength") {
             if (numeric() !== 80) {
-                L.noLowering("util.inspect with a non-default breakLength option", value, "only the default breakLength: 80 is lowered");
+                lowerer.noLowering("util.inspect with a non-default breakLength option", value, "only the default breakLength: 80 is lowered");
             }
         }
         else {
-            L.noLowering(`util.inspect with the '${key}' option`, prop, "the lowered options are depth (numeric literal or null), colors: false, compact: 3, and breakLength: 80");
+            lowerer.noLowering(`util.inspect with the '${key}' option`, prop, "the lowered options are depth (numeric literal or null), colors: false, compact: 3, and breakLength: 80");
         }
     }
     return depth;
@@ -896,13 +908,13 @@ function parseInspectOptions(L, node, recursive) {
  * naming a declared function or class: the name is compile-time truth,
  * so `[Function: name]` / `[class X extends Y]` bake as literals. Null
  * when the identifier is not such a declaration. */
-function directCallableInspect(L, node, loc) {
+function directCallableInspect(lowerer, node, loc) {
     if (!ts.isIdentifier(node))
         return null;
-    const sym = L.resolveValueSymbol(node);
+    const sym = lowerer.resolveValueSymbol(node);
     if (!sym)
         return null;
-    const cls = L.classBySymbol.get(sym) ?? L.builtinErrorInfoOf(sym);
+    const cls = lowerer.classBySymbol.get(sym) ?? lowerer.builtinErrorInfoOf(sym);
     // A rebindable decorated name is not compile-time truth — the binding
     // holds the decoration result; no literal folds.
     if (cls?.classDecorators?.valueGlobalId !== undefined)
@@ -910,16 +922,16 @@ function directCallableInspect(L, node, loc) {
     if (cls) {
         if (cls.builtinError) {
             // Node's Error constructors are native functions, not classes.
-            return str(`[Function: ${cls.def.name.replace(/^%/, "")}]`, loc);
+            return strLit(`[Function: ${cls.def.name.replace(/^%/, "")}]`, loc);
         }
         const base = cls.base ? ` extends ${cls.base.def.name.replace(/^%/, "")}` : "";
-        return str(`[class ${cls.def.name}${base}]`, loc);
+        return strLit(`[class ${cls.def.name}${base}]`, loc);
     }
-    const decl = L.checker.declarationsOf(sym)[0];
+    const decl = lowerer.checker.declarationsOf(sym)[0];
     if (!decl)
         return null;
     if (ts.isFunctionDeclaration(decl) && decl.name) {
-        return str(`[Function: ${decl.name.text}]`, loc);
+        return strLit(`[Function: ${decl.name.text}]`, loc);
     }
     if (ts.isVariableDeclaration(decl) &&
         ts.isIdentifier(decl.name) &&
@@ -928,57 +940,57 @@ function directCallableInspect(L, node, loc) {
         // JS name inference: the binding names the function value — unless
         // the function expression carries its OWN name, which wins.
         const own = ts.isFunctionExpression(decl.initializer) ? decl.initializer.name?.text : undefined;
-        return str(`[Function: ${own ?? decl.name.text}]`, loc);
+        return strLit(`[Function: ${own ?? decl.name.text}]`, loc);
     }
     return null;
 }
 /** util.inspect(value[, options]) — the spoke's inspect entry. */
-function lowerInspectCall(L, expr, loc) {
+function lowerInspectCall(lowerer, expr, loc) {
     if (expr.arguments.length < 1 || expr.arguments.length > 2) {
-        L.noLowering(`util.inspect with ${expr.arguments.length} arguments`, expr, "the supported forms are inspect(value) and inspect(value, options)");
+        lowerer.noLowering(`util.inspect with ${expr.arguments.length} arguments`, expr, "the supported forms are inspect(value) and inspect(value, options)");
     }
     const valueNode = expr.arguments[0];
     // Inline function/class literals and direct declared names render as
     // their baked forms; other function-typed values fence below.
-    const direct = directCallableInspect(L, valueNode, loc);
+    const direct = directCallableInspect(lowerer, valueNode, loc);
     if (direct) {
-        parseInspectOptions(L, expr.arguments[1], false);
+        parseInspectOptions(lowerer, expr.arguments[1], false);
         return direct;
     }
     if (ts.isArrowFunction(valueNode) || ts.isFunctionExpression(valueNode)) {
-        parseInspectOptions(L, expr.arguments[1], false);
-        return str(valueNode.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression && valueNode.name ? `[Function: ${valueNode.name.text}]` : "[Function (anonymous)]", loc);
+        parseInspectOptions(lowerer, expr.arguments[1], false);
+        return strLit(valueNode.kind === ts.SyntaxKind.FunctionExpression && valueNode.name ? `[Function: ${valueNode.name.text}]` : "[Function (anonymous)]", loc);
     }
-    const value = L.lowerExpr(valueNode);
+    const value = lowerer.lowerExpr(valueNode);
     if (value.type.kind === "bytes") {
         // One runtime representation serves Buffer AND Uint8Array; their
         // renderings differ (<Buffer aa> vs Uint8Array(1) [ 170 ]), so the
         // TOP-LEVEL argument's checker type picks — and only Buffer lowers.
         // Nested bytes fence in inspectSupport (no checker type survives
         // into shapes).
-        const tname = L.checker.typeToString(L.checker.getBaseTypeOfLiteralType(L.typeOf(valueNode)));
+        const tname = lowerer.checker.typeToString(lowerer.checker.getBaseTypeOfLiteralType(lowerer.typeOf(valueNode)));
         const isBuffer = tname === "Buffer" || tname === "NonSharedBuffer" || tname.startsWith("Buffer<") || tname.startsWith("NonSharedBuffer<");
         if (value.type.elem !== "u8" || !isBuffer) {
-            L.noLowering(`util.inspect of '${tname}' values`, valueNode, "Buffer's <Buffer ..> form is the lowered typed-array rendering; other typed arrays fence");
+            lowerer.noLowering(`util.inspect of '${tname}' values`, valueNode, "Buffer's <Buffer ..> form is the lowered typed-array rendering; other typed arrays fence");
         }
-        const bufDepth = parseInspectOptions(L, expr.arguments[1], false);
+        const bufDepth = parseInspectOptions(lowerer, expr.arguments[1], false);
         void bufDepth; // Buffers render fully at any depth (custom inspect)
-        return inspectExpr(L, value.type, value, num(0, loc), num(2, loc), loc);
+        return inspectExpr(lowerer, value.type, value, numLit(0, loc), numLit(2, loc), loc);
     }
     const walk = { recursive: false };
-    const reason = inspectSupport(L, value.type, new Set(), walk);
+    const reason = inspectSupport(lowerer, value.type, new Set(), walk);
     if (reason !== null) {
-        L.noLowering(`util.inspect of '${L.fmt(value.type)}' values`, valueNode, reason);
+        lowerer.noLowering(`util.inspect of '${lowerer.fmt(value.type)}' values`, valueNode, reason);
     }
-    const depth = parseInspectOptions(L, expr.arguments[1], walk.recursive);
-    return inspectExpr(L, value.type, value, num(0, loc), num(depth, loc), loc);
+    const depth = parseInspectOptions(lowerer, expr.arguments[1], walk.recursive);
+    return inspectExpr(lowerer, value.type, value, numLit(0, loc), numLit(depth, loc), loc);
 }
 /* ── util.format / util.formatWithOptions ────────────────────────────── */
 /** One argument as format's %s conversion (Node: numbers via
  * formatNumber, strings verbatim, objects through inspect at the given
  * depth). Null = fence with the given reason. */
-function formatSArg(L, node, depth, loc) {
-    const value = L.lowerExpr(node);
+function formatSArg(lowerer, node, depth, loc) {
+    const value = lowerer.lowerExpr(node);
     const t = value.type;
     if (t.kind === "string")
         return value;
@@ -987,91 +999,91 @@ function formatSArg(L, node, depth, loc) {
     if (t.kind === "bool")
         return { kind: "toString", operand: value, type: STRING, loc };
     if (t.kind === "undefinedT")
-        return str("undefined", loc);
+        return strLit("undefined", loc);
     if (t.kind === "nullT")
-        return str("null", loc);
+        return strLit("null", loc);
     // %s of a symbol prints inspect's text ("Symbol(foo)") — String(sym)'s
     // answer too, one runtime call either way.
     if (t.kind === "symbol")
         return { kind: "libCall", fn: "sym.toString", args: [value], type: STRING, loc };
     if (t.kind === "dyn") {
-        return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.dynS", args: [value, num(depth, loc)], type: STRING, loc };
+        return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.dynS", args: [value, numLit(depth, loc)], type: STRING, loc };
     }
     // A UNION argument dispatches per arm at runtime: a string arm prints
     // VERBATIM (typeof arg === 'string' in Node's formatter — inspect's
     // quoting never applies at the top level), every other arm inspects.
     if (t.kind === "union") {
         const walk = { recursive: false };
-        const reason = inspectSupport(L, t, new Set(), walk);
+        const reason = inspectSupport(lowerer, t, new Set(), walk);
         if (reason !== null)
-            L.noLowering(`util.format %s of '${L.fmt(t)}' values`, node, reason);
-        return formatValueExpr(L, t, value, depth, loc);
+            lowerer.noLowering(`util.format %s of '${lowerer.fmt(t)}' values`, node, reason);
+        return formatValueExpr(lowerer, t, value, depth, loc);
     }
-    if (t.kind === "object" && !isErrorClass(L, t.className)) {
+    if (t.kind === "object" && !isErrorClass(lowerer, t.className)) {
         // hasBuiltInToString: a class with its OWN toString goes through
         // String(arg) in Node, not inspect — call it explicitly instead.
-        for (let info = L.classes.get(t.className) ?? null; info; info = info.base) {
+        for (let info = lowerer.classes.get(t.className) ?? null; info; info = info.base) {
             if (info.methods.has("toString")) {
-                L.noLowering("util.format %s over a class with its own toString", node, "Node calls the override (String(arg)) — call it explicitly");
+                lowerer.noLowering("util.format %s over a class with its own toString", node, "Node calls the override (String(arg)) — call it explicitly");
             }
         }
     }
     if (t.kind === "bytes") {
-        L.noLowering(`util.format %s of typed-array values`, node, "pass util.inspect(buf) explicitly");
+        lowerer.noLowering(`util.format %s of typed-array values`, node, "pass util.inspect(buf) explicitly");
     }
     const walk = { recursive: false };
-    const reason = inspectSupport(L, t, new Set(), walk);
+    const reason = inspectSupport(lowerer, t, new Set(), walk);
     if (reason !== null)
-        L.noLowering(`util.format %s of '${L.fmt(t)}' values`, node, reason);
-    return inspectExpr(L, t, value, num(0, loc), num(depth, loc), loc);
+        lowerer.noLowering(`util.format %s of '${lowerer.fmt(t)}' values`, node, reason);
+    return inspectExpr(lowerer, t, value, numLit(0, loc), numLit(depth, loc), loc);
 }
 /** %O (depth 2) / %o (showHidden, depth 4) — inspect with the spec's
  * option deltas; %o fences over arrays (showHidden adds their hidden
  * [length] entry, which has no lowering). */
-function formatOArg(L, node, depth, loc) {
-    const value = L.lowerExpr(node);
+function formatOArg(lowerer, node, depth, loc) {
+    const value = lowerer.lowerExpr(node);
     if (value.type.kind === "bytes") {
-        L.noLowering(`util.format %${depth === 4 ? "o" : "O"} of typed-array values`, node, "pass util.inspect(buf) explicitly");
+        lowerer.noLowering(`util.format %${depth === 4 ? "o" : "O"} of typed-array values`, node, "pass util.inspect(buf) explicitly");
     }
     const walk = { recursive: false };
-    const reason = inspectSupport(L, value.type, new Set(), walk);
+    const reason = inspectSupport(lowerer, value.type, new Set(), walk);
     if (reason !== null)
-        L.noLowering(`util.format %${depth === 4 ? "o" : "O"} of '${L.fmt(value.type)}' values`, node, reason);
-    if (depth === 4 && typeTreeHasArray(L, value.type, new Set())) {
-        L.noLowering("util.format %o over arrays", node, "%o renders with showHidden (arrays gain a hidden [length] entry) — use %O for the default rendering");
+        lowerer.noLowering(`util.format %${depth === 4 ? "o" : "O"} of '${lowerer.fmt(value.type)}' values`, node, reason);
+    if (depth === 4 && typeTreeHasArray(lowerer, value.type, new Set())) {
+        lowerer.noLowering("util.format %o over arrays", node, "%o renders with showHidden (arrays gain a hidden [length] entry) — use %O for the default rendering");
     }
-    return inspectExpr(L, value.type, value, num(0, loc), num(depth, loc), loc);
+    return inspectExpr(lowerer, value.type, value, numLit(0, loc), numLit(depth, loc), loc);
 }
 /** util.format(...) / util.formatWithOptions({}, ...): the compile-time
  * %-substitution over a literal format string (formatWithOptionsInternal
  * ported exactly — the arg cursor, the args-exhausted guard, %c's
  * consume-and-drop), with per-static-type conversions. Non-literal
  * format strings lower only in the substitution-free shapes. */
-export function lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, withOptions) {
+export function lowerFormatCall(lowerer, expr, loc, withOptions) {
     const argNodes = [...expr.arguments];
     if (withOptions) {
         const opts = argNodes.shift();
         if (!opts || !ts.isObjectLiteralExpression(opts) || opts.properties.length > 0) {
-            L.noLowering("util.formatWithOptions with a non-empty options literal", opts ?? expr, "only the empty literal {} (the defaults — exactly util.format) is lowered");
+            lowerer.noLowering("util.formatWithOptions with a non-empty options literal", opts ?? expr, "only the empty literal {} (the defaults — exactly util.format) is lowered");
         }
     }
     if (argNodes.length === 0)
-        return str("", loc);
+        return strLit("", loc);
     const first = argNodes[0];
     const firstIsLiteral = ts.isStringLiteral(first) || ts.isNoSubstitutionTemplateLiteral(first);
     /** The rest-args tail: ` ` + (strings verbatim, everything else
      * inspected at the default depth). */
-    const restArg = (node) => formatSArg(L, node, 2, loc);
+    const restArg = (node) => formatSArg(lowerer, node, 2, loc);
     if (!firstIsLiteral) {
-        const firstT = L.mapTypeOf(L.typeOf(first));
+        const firstT = lowerer.mapTypeOf(lowerer.typeOf(first));
         if (firstT?.kind === "string" && argNodes.length > 1) {
-            L.noLowering("util.format with a runtime format string and further arguments", first, "the %-substitution positions are runtime-dependent — use a string literal");
+            lowerer.noLowering("util.format with a runtime format string and further arguments", first, "the %-substitution positions are runtime-dependent — use a string literal");
         }
         // No substitutions possible: every argument joins with spaces.
         const parts = [];
         for (let i = 0; i < argNodes.length; i++) {
             if (i > 0)
-                parts.push(str(" ", loc));
+                parts.push(strLit(" ", loc));
             parts.push(restArg(argNodes[i]));
         }
         return concatAll(parts, loc);
@@ -1080,7 +1092,7 @@ export function lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, withOptions) {
     // Node's early return: a lone string first argument passes VERBATIM —
     // no substitution runs, "%%" stays "%%".
     if (argNodes.length === 1)
-        return str(fmt, loc);
+        return strLit(fmt, loc);
     const parts = [];
     let a = 0; // the arg cursor over argNodes (0 = the format string)
     let lastPos = 0;
@@ -1088,12 +1100,12 @@ export function lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, withOptions) {
     const convert = (spec, node) => {
         switch (spec) {
             case 115: // %s
-                return formatSArg(L, node, 0, loc);
+                return formatSArg(lowerer, node, 0, loc);
             case 100: {
                 // %d — Number(arg) formatted: numbers as-is, booleans 1/0,
                 // strings through the runtime's ECMA-exact StringToNumber
                 // (num.fromString — the same lowering Number(aString) takes).
-                const value = L.lowerExpr(node);
+                const value = lowerer.lowerExpr(node);
                 if (value.type.kind === "f64")
                     return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.f64", args: [value], type: STRING, loc };
                 if (value.type.kind === "string") {
@@ -1104,7 +1116,7 @@ export function lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, withOptions) {
                     return {
                         kind: "libCall",
                         fn: "insp.f64",
-                        args: [{ kind: "ternary", cond: value, then: num(1, loc), else_: num(0, loc), type: F64, loc }],
+                        args: [{ kind: "ternary", cond: value, then: numLit(1, loc), else_: numLit(0, loc), type: F64, loc }],
                         type: STRING,
                         loc,
                     };
@@ -1123,34 +1135,34 @@ export function lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, withOptions) {
                         loc,
                     };
                 }
-                L.noLowering(`util.format %d of '${L.fmt(value.type)}' values`, node, "numbers, booleans, and strings lower; ToNumber over other types has no static lowering");
+                lowerer.noLowering(`util.format %d of '${lowerer.fmt(value.type)}' values`, node, "numbers, booleans, and strings lower; ToNumber over other types has no static lowering");
                 break;
             }
             case 105: {
                 // %i — parseInt(ToString(arg)): the spec-exact composition.
-                const value = L.lowerExpr(node);
+                const value = lowerer.lowerExpr(node);
                 if (value.type.kind === "f64" || value.type.kind === "bool" || value.type.kind === "string") {
                     const text = value.type.kind === "string" ? value : { kind: "toString", operand: value, type: STRING, loc };
-                    const parsed = { kind: "libCall", fn: "num.parseInt", args: [text, num(0, loc)], type: F64, loc };
+                    const parsed = { kind: "libCall", fn: "num.parseInt", args: [text, numLit(0, loc)], type: F64, loc };
                     return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.f64", args: [parsed], type: STRING, loc };
                 }
-                L.noLowering(`util.format %i of '${L.fmt(value.type)}' values`, node);
+                lowerer.noLowering(`util.format %i of '${lowerer.fmt(value.type)}' values`, node);
                 break;
             }
             case 106: {
                 // %j — JSON.stringify; undefined-valued args print "undefined"
                 // (Node appends the non-string result of tryStringify).
-                const value = L.lowerExpr(node);
+                const value = lowerer.lowerExpr(node);
                 if (value.type.kind === "undefinedT")
-                    return str("undefined", loc);
+                    return strLit("undefined", loc);
                 // JSON.stringify(sym) is undefined in Node — %j prints the
                 // "undefined" text. Folding drops the operand, so only
                 // side-effect-free reads compose (the typeof-fold stance).
                 if (value.type.kind === "symbol") {
                     if (!pureReemittable(value)) {
-                        L.noLowering(`util.format %j of computed symbol values`, node, "bind the symbol to a const first (the %j text is always \"undefined\")");
+                        lowerer.noLowering(`util.format %j of computed symbol values`, node, "bind the symbol to a const first (the %j text is always \"undefined\")");
                     }
-                    return str("undefined", loc);
+                    return strLit("undefined", loc);
                 }
                 // A checked-dynamic argument (`console.error('headers: %j',
                 // headers)` — the suite's http logging idiom): the runtime dyn
@@ -1159,17 +1171,17 @@ export function lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, withOptions) {
                 if (value.type.kind === "dyn") {
                     return { kind: "libCall", fn: "insp.jsonDyn", args: [value], type: STRING, loc };
                 }
-                if (!L.jsonSafe(value.type)) {
-                    L.noLowering(`util.format %j of '${L.fmt(value.type)}' values`, node, "only JSON-safe static types lower");
+                if (!lowerer.jsonStringifySafe(value.type)) {
+                    lowerer.noLowering(`util.format %j of '${lowerer.fmt(value.type)}' values`, node, "only JSON-safe static types lower");
                 }
                 return { kind: "jsonStringify", value, type: STRING, loc };
             }
             case 79: // %O — inspect at the defaults
-                return formatOArg(L, node, 2, loc);
+                return formatOArg(lowerer, node, 2, loc);
             case 111: // %o — showHidden semantics; depth 4
-                return formatOArg(L, node, 4, loc);
+                return formatOArg(lowerer, node, 4, loc);
         }
-        throw new Error("unreachable format spec");
+        throw new InternalCompilerError("unreachable format spec");
     };
     for (let i = 0; i < fmt.length - 1; i++) {
         if (fmt.charCodeAt(i) === 37 /* % */) {
@@ -1184,22 +1196,22 @@ export function lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, withOptions) {
                     case 105: { // i
                         const node = args[++a];
                         if (lastPos !== i - 1)
-                            parts.push(str(fmt.slice(lastPos, i - 1), loc));
+                            parts.push(strLit(fmt.slice(lastPos, i - 1), loc));
                         parts.push(convert(nextChar, node));
                         lastPos = i + 1;
                         continue;
                     }
                     case 102: // f — parseFloat's full grammar has no static lowering
-                        L.noLowering("util.format %f", expr, "parseFloat has no static lowering (it runs with --dynamic)");
+                        lowerer.noLowering("util.format %f", expr, "parseFloat has no static lowering (it runs with --dynamic)");
                         break;
                     case 99: // c — consumes its argument, contributes nothing
                         a += 1;
                         if (lastPos !== i - 1)
-                            parts.push(str(fmt.slice(lastPos, i - 1), loc));
+                            parts.push(strLit(fmt.slice(lastPos, i - 1), loc));
                         lastPos = i + 1;
                         continue;
                     case 37: // %%
-                        parts.push(str(fmt.slice(lastPos, i), loc));
+                        parts.push(strLit(fmt.slice(lastPos, i), loc));
                         lastPos = i + 1;
                         continue;
                     default:
@@ -1207,7 +1219,7 @@ export function lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, withOptions) {
                 }
             }
             else if (nextChar === 37) {
-                parts.push(str(fmt.slice(lastPos, i), loc));
+                parts.push(strLit(fmt.slice(lastPos, i), loc));
                 lastPos = i + 1;
             }
         }
@@ -1215,22 +1227,22 @@ export function lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, withOptions) {
     if (lastPos !== 0) {
         a++;
         if (lastPos < fmt.length)
-            parts.push(str(fmt.slice(lastPos), loc));
+            parts.push(strLit(fmt.slice(lastPos), loc));
     }
     else {
         // No substitution touched the format string: it joins verbatim, and
         // the cursor advances past it.
-        parts.push(str(fmt, loc));
+        parts.push(strLit(fmt, loc));
         a++;
     }
     for (; a < args.length; a++) {
-        parts.push(str(" ", loc));
+        parts.push(strLit(" ", loc));
         parts.push(restArg(args[a]));
     }
     return concatAll(parts, loc);
 }
 /** Arrays anywhere in the tree — the %o (showHidden) gate. */
-function typeTreeHasArray(L, t, visiting) {
+function typeTreeHasArray(lowerer, t, visiting) {
     switch (t.kind) {
         case "array":
             return true;
@@ -1238,26 +1250,26 @@ function typeTreeHasArray(L, t, visiting) {
             if (visiting.has(t.shapeId))
                 return false;
             visiting.add(t.shapeId);
-            const shape = L.shapes.get(t.shapeId);
+            const shape = lowerer.shapes.get(t.shapeId);
             if (shape?.tuple)
                 return true;
-            return (shape?.fields ?? []).some((f) => typeTreeHasArray(L, f.type, visiting));
+            return (shape?.fields ?? []).some((f) => typeTreeHasArray(lowerer, f.type, visiting));
         }
         case "map":
-            return typeTreeHasArray(L, t.key, visiting) || typeTreeHasArray(L, t.value, visiting);
+            return typeTreeHasArray(lowerer, t.key, visiting) || typeTreeHasArray(lowerer, t.value, visiting);
         case "set":
-            return typeTreeHasArray(L, t.elem, visiting);
+            return typeTreeHasArray(lowerer, t.elem, visiting);
         case "union": {
             if (visiting.has(t.unionId))
                 return false;
             visiting.add(t.unionId);
-            return (L.unions.get(t.unionId)?.arms ?? []).some((a) => typeTreeHasArray(L, a, visiting));
+            return (lowerer.unions.get(t.unionId)?.arms ?? []).some((a) => typeTreeHasArray(lowerer, a, visiting));
         }
         case "object": {
             if (visiting.has(t.className))
                 return false;
             visiting.add(t.className);
-            return (L.classes.get(t.className)?.def.fields ?? []).some((f) => typeTreeHasArray(L, f.type, visiting));
+            return (lowerer.classes.get(t.className)?.def.fields ?? []).some((f) => typeTreeHasArray(lowerer, f.type, visiting));
         }
         case "bytes":
             return true;
@@ -1269,20 +1281,20 @@ function typeTreeHasArray(L, t, visiting) {
 /** The spoke's entry, called from both the named-import and namespace/
  * default-import call paths. Null for other modules and members (the
  * module tables' fence takes over). */
-export function lowerUtilModuleCall(L, expr, bi, loc) {
+export function lowerUtilModuleCall(lowerer, expr, bi, loc) {
     if (bi.module !== "util")
         return null;
     switch (bi.member) {
         case "inspect":
-            return lowerInspectCall(L, expr, loc);
+            return lowerInspectCall(lowerer, expr, loc);
         case "format":
-            return lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, false);
+            return lowerFormatCall(lowerer, expr, loc, false);
         case "formatWithOptions":
-            return lowerFormatCall(L, expr, loc, true);
+            return lowerFormatCall(lowerer, expr, loc, true);
         case "parseArgs":
-            return lowerParseArgsCall(L, expr, loc);
+            return lowerParseArgsCall(lowerer, expr, loc);
         case "getCallSites":
-            return lowerGetCallSitesCall(L, expr, loc);
+            return lowerGetCallSitesCall(lowerer, expr, loc);
         default:
             return null;
     }
@@ -1292,9 +1304,9 @@ export function lowerUtilModuleCall(L, expr, bi, loc) {
  * parser returns the same tree-shaped result Node does (including token
  * variants and a null-prototype values object); statically typed member
  * reads leave that tree through the ordinary dyn checks. */
-function lowerParseArgsCall(L, expr, loc) {
+function lowerParseArgsCall(lowerer, expr, loc) {
     if (expr.arguments.length > 1 || expr.arguments.some(ts.isSpreadElement)) {
-        L.noLowering(`util.parseArgs with ${expr.arguments.length} arguments`, expr, "the lowered form is parseArgs() or parseArgs(config)");
+        lowerer.noLowering(`util.parseArgs with ${expr.arguments.length} arguments`, expr, "the lowered form is parseArgs() or parseArgs(config)");
     }
     let config;
     const configNode = expr.arguments[0];
@@ -1302,14 +1314,14 @@ function lowerParseArgsCall(L, expr, loc) {
         config = { kind: "dynObjLit", fields: [], type: DYN, loc };
     }
     else {
-        const raw = L.lowerExpr(configNode);
+        const raw = lowerer.lowerExpr(configNode);
         if (raw.type.kind === "dyn") {
             config = raw;
         }
         else if (raw.type.kind === "jsval") {
             config = { kind: "dynFromJsval", value: raw, type: DYN, loc };
         }
-        else if (canConvertToDyn(raw.type, (id) => L.shapes.get(id), (id) => L.unions.get(id))) {
+        else if (canConvertToDyn(raw.type, (id) => lowerer.shapes.get(id), (id) => lowerer.unions.get(id))) {
             // parseArgs assigns descriptor default arrays directly into the
             // returned values object. Keep mutable config composites in typed-ref
             // capsules so that default arrays can leave the dyn result as the
@@ -1326,7 +1338,7 @@ function lowerParseArgsCall(L, expr, loc) {
             };
         }
         else {
-            L.noLowering(`util.parseArgs with a '${L.fmt(raw.type)}' configuration`, configNode, "pass the documented JSON-safe config object (args/options and boolean flags)");
+            lowerer.noLowering(`util.parseArgs with a '${lowerer.fmt(raw.type)}' configuration`, configNode, "pass the documented JSON-safe config object (args/options and boolean flags)");
         }
     }
     const parsed = {
@@ -1336,9 +1348,9 @@ function lowerParseArgsCall(L, expr, loc) {
         type: DYN,
         loc,
     };
-    const result = L.mapTypeOf(L.typeOf(expr));
+    const result = lowerer.mapTypeOf(lowerer.typeOf(expr));
     if (result !== null && result.kind !== "dyn" && result.kind !== "jsval" && result.kind !== "void" &&
-        canDynCheckTo(result, (id) => L.shapes.get(id), (id) => L.unions.get(id))) {
+        canDynCheckTo(result, (id) => lowerer.shapes.get(id), (id) => lowerer.unions.get(id))) {
         return { kind: "dynCheck", value: parsed, type: result, loc };
     }
     return parsed;
@@ -1352,7 +1364,7 @@ function lowerParseArgsCall(L, expr, loc) {
  * failure text — read a printable value instead of throwing). Argument
  * forms and TypeScript keep the SC2020 fence: a typed consumer asserting
  * real frames must fail loudly at compile time, not read placeholders. */
-function lowerGetCallSitesCall(L, expr, loc) {
+function lowerGetCallSitesCall(lowerer, expr, loc) {
     if (expr.arguments.length !== 0)
         return null;
     if (!isJsSourceFile(expr.getSourceFile()))