@sap/cds-dk 10.0.7 → 10.1.1

package/node_modules/@cap-js/db-service/lib/cqn4sql.js

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ const notSupportedOps = [['>'], ['<'], ['>='], ['<='], ['*'], ['+'], ['-'], ['/'
 
 const allOps = eqOps.concat(eqOps).concat(notEqOps).concat(notSupportedOps)
 
+
+const { depthGuarded, guardEntry } = require('./recursion-guard')
+
 const { pseudos } = require('./infer/pseudos')
 /**
  * Transforms a CDL style query into SQL-Like CQN:
@@ -55,7 +58,17 @@ const { pseudos } = require('./infer/pseudos')
  * @returns {object} transformedQuery the transformed query
  */
 function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
+  // guardEntry bounds subquery nesting and resets the depth budget per top-level call
+  return guardEntry(_cqn4sql)(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias)
+}
+
+function _cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
   const getImplicitAlias = str => _getImplicitAlias(str, useTechnicalAlias)
+  // guard xpr and inline/expand-on-struct nesting
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-func-assign
+  getTransformedTokenStream = depthGuarded(getTransformedTokenStream)
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-func-assign
+  nestedProjectionOnStructure = depthGuarded(nestedProjectionOnStructure)
   let inferred = typeof originalQuery === 'string' ? cds.parse.cql(originalQuery) : cds.ql.clone(originalQuery)
   const hasCustomJoins =
     originalQuery.SELECT?.from.args && (!originalQuery.joinTree || originalQuery.joinTree.isInitial)
@@ -69,6 +82,9 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
       const { where, having } = transformSearch(searchTerm)
       if (where) inferred.SELECT.where = where
       else if (having) inferred.SELECT.having = having
+      // Defer the ranking ORDER BY to after infer(), where the outer table alias is known and the
+      // deep-search sub-select can be correlated to the outer row (see buildSearchRankOrderBy).
+      defineProperty(inferred, '$searchRank', searchTerm)
     }
   }
   // query modifiers can also be defined in from ref leaf infix filter
@@ -182,7 +198,7 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
   /**
    * If the target entity is annotated with persistence skip and has an underlying db entity,
    * we treat it as a runtime view and transform it into a CTE.
-   * 
+   *
    * @param {object} transformedQuery - The query object to be transformed.
    * @param {string} model - The data model used for inference and transformation.
    */
@@ -198,10 +214,10 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Recursively call cqn4sql for all nested runtime views to calculate cte and 
+   * Recursively call cqn4sql for all nested runtime views to calculate cte and
    * add it as a with clause to the transformed query.
    * Alias the runtime view with a unique alias and update all references to the runtime view to point to the alias.
-   * 
+   *
    * @param {object} rootDefinition - The root definition of the query. This is used to recursively process nested runtime views.
    * @param {object} transformedQuery - The query object to be transformed.
    * @param {string} model - The data model used for infer and cqn4sql.
@@ -317,9 +333,29 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
 
     // Since all the expressions in the SELECT part of the query have been computed,
     // one can reference aliases of the queries columns in the orderBy clause.
-    if (orderBy) {
-      const transformedOrderBy = getTransformedOrderByGroupBy(orderBy, true)
+    let effectiveOrderBy = orderBy
+    // Rank by $search relevance — only when the score exists (HANA fuzzy, not opted out); else
+    // it would sort by a constant boolean.
+    const ranksSearch =
+      cds.db?.kind === 'hana' && cds.env.hana?.fuzzy !== false && cds.env.hana?.fuzzy?.ranked_search !== false
+    // count queries do not need ranked search
+    const isCountQuery = columns?.length === 1 && columns[0].func === 'count'
+    const searchRank = ranksSearch && !isCountQuery && inferred.$searchRank && buildSearchRankOrderBy(inferred.$searchRank)
+    if (searchRank) {
+      // precedence: user ordering, then rank, then the runtime's implicit key ordering
+      const implicitAt = (orderBy || []).findIndex(o => o.implicit)
+      const at = implicitAt === -1 ? (orderBy?.length ?? 0) : implicitAt
+      effectiveOrderBy = [...(orderBy || [])]
+      effectiveOrderBy.splice(at, 0, searchRank)
+    }
+    if (effectiveOrderBy) {
+      const transformedOrderBy = getTransformedOrderByGroupBy(effectiveOrderBy, true)
       if (transformedOrderBy.length) {
+        // the rank is the only order-by entry that is a correlated sub-select
+        if (searchRank?.$searchRank) {
+          const rank = transformedOrderBy.find(o => o.SELECT)
+          if (rank) correlateSearchRank(rank, transformedFrom.as)
+        }
         transformedQuery.SELECT.orderBy = transformedOrderBy
       }
     }
@@ -383,6 +419,8 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
    */
   function translateAssocsToJoins() {
     let from
+    // guard association-path length
+    const joinForBranch = depthGuarded(_joinForBranch)
     /**
      * remember already seen aliases, do not create a join for them again
      */
@@ -406,7 +444,7 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
     })
     return from.args.length > 1 ? from : from.args[0]
 
-    function joinForBranch(lhs, node) {
+    function _joinForBranch(lhs, node) {
       const nextAssoc = inferred.joinTree.findNextAssoc(node)
       if (!nextAssoc || alreadySeen.has(nextAssoc.$refLink.alias)) return lhs.args.length > 1 ? lhs : lhs.args[0]
 
@@ -643,7 +681,7 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
         if (col.cast) ret.cast = resolveEnumCastType(col.cast)
         return ret
       }
-      return copy(col)
+      return { ...col }
     }
 
     function handleEmptyColumns(columns) {
@@ -995,11 +1033,11 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
             const keyName = k.as || k.ref.join('_')
             const fkName = `${elemName}_${keyName}`  // e.g., 'head_id'
             const fkFullName = `${columnAlias}_${fkName}`  // e.g., 'department_head_id'
-            
+
             // Check if this FK is excluded
             if (exclude.some(e => (e.ref?.at(-1) || e.as || e) === fkName)) continue
             if (exclude.some(e => (e.ref?.at(-1) || e.as || e) === fkFullName)) continue
-            
+
             const flatColumn = {
               ref: [joinAlias, fkName],
               as: fkFullName,
@@ -1017,7 +1055,7 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
             calcElement.as = fullName
           }
           res.push(calcElement)
-        }        
+        }
         else {
           // Scalar element
           const flatColumn = {
@@ -1322,7 +1360,7 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
         else if (col.xpr) transformedColumn = { xpr: getTransformedTokenStream(col.xpr) }
         else if (col.func) transformedColumn = { args: getTransformedFunctionArgs(col.args), func: col.func }
         // val
-        else transformedColumn = copy(col)
+        else transformedColumn = { ...col }
         if (col.sort) transformedColumn.sort = col.sort
         if (col.nulls) transformedColumn.nulls = col.nulls
         res.push(transformedColumn)
@@ -1397,8 +1435,13 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
       if (!exclude.includes(k)) {
         const { index, tableAlias } = inferred.$combinedElements[k][0]
         const element = tableAlias.elements[k]
-        // ignore FK for odata csn (but not for subquery sources where FK is not a separate element) / ignore blobs from wildcard expansion
-        if ((!tableAlias.SELECT && isManagedAssocInFlatMode(element)) || element.type === 'cds.LargeBinary') continue
+        // ignore FK for odata csn (but not for subquery sources where FK is not a separate element) / ignore blobs and vectors from wildcard expansion
+        if (
+          (!tableAlias.SELECT && isManagedAssocInFlatMode(element)) ||
+          element.type === 'cds.LargeBinary' ||
+          element.type === 'cds.Vector'
+        )
+          continue
         // for wildcard on subquery in from, just reference the elements
         if (tableAlias.SELECT && !element.elements && !element.target) {
           wildcardColumns.push(index ? { ref: [index, k] } : { ref: [k] })
@@ -1461,7 +1504,7 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
    *   - `tableAlias` — table alias prepended to the column ref.
    * @param {string[]} [csnPath=[]] - Accumulated CSN element path (used for `_csnPath` metadata on leaf columns).
    * @param {{ exclude?: Array, replace?: Array }} [excludeAndReplace] - Columns to exclude or replace during wildcard expansion.
-   * @param {boolean} [isWildcard=false] - Whether this expansion originates from a wildcard; filters out LargeBinary.
+   * @param {boolean} [isWildcard=false] - Whether this expansion originates from a wildcard; filters out LargeBinary and Vector.
    * @returns {object[]} Flat column(s) for the given element.
    */
   function getFlatColumnsFor(column, names, csnPath = [], excludeAndReplace, isWildcard = false) {
@@ -1474,7 +1517,7 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
     const { $refLinks, flatName, isJoinRelevant } = column
     let firstNonJoinRelevantAssoc, stepAfterAssoc
     let element = $refLinks ? $refLinks[$refLinks.length - 1].definition : column
-    if (isWildcard && element.type === 'cds.LargeBinary') return []
+    if (isWildcard && (element.type === 'cds.LargeBinary' || element.type === 'cds.Vector')) return []
     if (element.on && !element.keys) return [] // unmanaged doesn't make it into columns
     if (element.virtual === true) return []
 
@@ -1812,8 +1855,7 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
           // reject virtual elements in expressions as they will lead to a sql error down the line
           if (lhsDef?.virtual) throw new Error(`Virtual elements are not allowed in expressions`)
 
-          let result = is_regexp(token?.val) ? token : copy(token) // REVISIT: too expensive!
-          // REVISIT: required because we copy the token above and lose the not enumerable "param: false"
+          let result = typeof token !== 'object' || is_regexp(token?.val) ? token : { ...token }
           if (typeof token === 'object' && 'val' in token && 'param' in token) Object.defineProperty(result, 'param', { value: token.param })
           if (token.ref) {
             const { definition } = token.$refLinks.at(-1)
@@ -1830,7 +1872,6 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
                 const stepToFind = token.ref[1]?.id || token.ref[1]
                 const outerAlias = outerQuery.$combinedElements?.[stepToFind]?.[0].index
                 if (outerAlias) {
-                  let result = copy(token)
                   result.ref = [outerAlias, token.flatName]
                   transformedTokenStream.push(result)
                   continue
@@ -2016,7 +2057,7 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
    */
   function getTransformedFrom(from, existingWhere = []) {
     const transformedWhere = []
-    let transformedFrom = copy(from) // REVISIT: too expensive!
+    let transformedFrom = { ...from }
     if (from.$refLinks) defineProperty(transformedFrom, '$refLinks', [...from.$refLinks])
     if (from.args) {
       transformedFrom.args = []
@@ -2579,6 +2620,65 @@ function cqn4sql(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
     return { xpr: [matchColumns.length === 1 ? matchColumns[0] : { list: matchColumns }, 'in', subquery] }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Builds the ORDER BY entry ranking rows by $search relevance, sorted desc.
+   *
+   * Flat search: the score is on the outer row.
+   * Deep search: the score lives in a semi-join, so emit a correlated scalar sub-select
+   *   (SELECT search(…, true) FROM <same source> WHERE innerKey = <outerAlias>.key) DESC.
+   * Key comparisons are seeded unqualified (infer() binds them to the sub-select's own source);
+   * correlateSearchRank redirects the rhs to the outer alias afterwards.
+   *
+   * @param {object} searchTerm the search term as returned by getSearch (func or xpr shape)
+   * @returns {object|null} an orderBy entry, or null if there is nothing to rank by
+   */
+  function buildSearchRankOrderBy(searchTerm) {
+    if (searchTerm.func) return { func: searchTerm.func, args: [...searchTerm.args, { val: true }], sort: 'desc' }
+    if (!searchTerm.xpr) return null
+
+    const searchSelect = searchTerm.xpr[2]
+    const searchFunc = searchSelect.SELECT.where[0]
+    const innerKeys = searchSelect.SELECT.columns // unqualified pk refs, e.g. [{ ref: ['ID'] }]
+
+    const where = []
+    for (let i = 0; i < innerKeys.length; i++) {
+      if (i) where.push('and')
+      // seeded unqualified on both sides; correlateSearchRank redirects the rhs to the outer row
+      where.push({ ref: [...innerKeys[i].ref] }, '=', { ref: [...innerKeys[i].ref] })
+    }
+
+    const entry = {
+      __proto__: SELECT.from(searchSelect.SELECT.from)
+        // the correlated outer row fans out to many child rows -> MAX makes it a single score
+        .columns({ func: 'max', args: [{ func: searchFunc.func, args: [...searchFunc.args, { val: true }] }] })
+        .where(where),
+      sort: 'desc',
+    }
+    defineProperty(entry, '$searchRank', true)
+    return entry
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Correlates the (transformed) deep-search ranking sub-select to the outer row.
+   *
+   * buildSearchRankOrderBy seeds its WHERE as `ref = ref` comparisons on the sub-select's own
+   * alias; this rewrites each rhs to `<outerAlias>.<key>`. Driven off the `=` operator (not a
+   * fixed stride) so it holds for any key count.
+   *
+   * @param {object} entry the transformed orderBy entry produced from a `$searchRank` sub-select
+   * @param {string} outerAlias the final table alias of the outer query source
+   */
+  function correlateSearchRank(entry, outerAlias) {
+    const where = entry.SELECT.where
+    for (let i = 1; i < where.length; i++) {
+      // seeded comparisons are exactly `<ref> = <ref>`; rewrite the rhs ref to the outer row
+      if (where[i] === '=' && where[i - 1]?.ref && where[i + 1]?.ref) {
+        const rhs = where[i + 1]
+        rhs.ref = [outerAlias, ...rhs.ref.slice(1)]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Calculates the name of the source which can be used to address the given node.
    *

package/node_modules/@cap-js/db-service/lib/infer/index.js

@@ -5,15 +5,19 @@ const cds = require('@sap/cds')
 const JoinTree = require('./join-tree')
 const { pseudos } = require('./pseudos')
 const { isCalculatedOnRead, getImplicitAlias, getModelUtils, defineProperty, hasOwnSkip, isRuntimeView } = require('../utils')
+const { depthGuarded, guardEntry } = require('../recursion-guard')
 const cdsTypes = cds.builtin.types
 /**
  * @param {import('@sap/cds/apis/cqn').Query|string} originalQuery
  * @param {import('@sap/cds/apis/csn').CSN} [model]
  * @returns {import('./cqn').Query} = q with .target and .elements
  */
-function infer(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
+function _infer(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
   if (!model) throw new Error('Please specify a model')
   const inferred = originalQuery
+  // guard func args / lists / xpr / exists nesting
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-func-assign
+  inferArg = depthGuarded(inferArg)
 
   const { getDefinition } = getModelUtils(model, originalQuery)
 
@@ -291,19 +295,23 @@ function infer(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
      */
     function walkTokenStream(tokenStream, inXpr = false) {
       let skipJoins
-      const processToken = t => {
-        if (t === 'exists') {
-          // no joins for infix filters along `exists <path>`
-          skipJoins = true
-        } else if (t.xpr) {
-          // don't miss an exists within an expression
-          t.xpr.forEach(processToken)
-        } else {
-          inferArg(t, queryElements, null, { inExists: skipJoins, inXpr, inQueryModifier: true })
-          skipJoins = false
+      const processToken = depthGuarded(walker())
+      tokenStream.forEach(processToken)
+
+      function walker() {
+        return t => {
+          if (t === 'exists') {
+            // no joins for infix filters along `exists <path>`
+            skipJoins = true
+          } else if (t.xpr) {
+            // don't miss an exists within an expression
+            t.xpr.forEach(processToken)
+          } else {
+            inferArg(t, queryElements, null, { inExists: skipJoins, inXpr, inQueryModifier: true })
+            skipJoins = false
+          }
         }
       }
-      tokenStream.forEach(processToken)
     }
     /**
      * Processes references starting with `$self`, which are intended to target other query elements.
@@ -631,7 +639,7 @@ function infer(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
         } else if (arg.inline && queryElements) {
           const elements = resolveInline(arg)
           for (const elName in elements) {
-            if (queryElements[elName] !== undefined) rejectDuplicatedElement(elName)  
+            if (queryElements[elName] !== undefined) rejectDuplicatedElement(elName)
           }
           Object.assign(queryElements, elements)
         } else {
@@ -667,7 +675,7 @@ function infer(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
     // ignore whole expand if target of assoc along path has ”@cds.persistence.skip”
     if (arg.expand) {
       const { $refLinks } = arg
-      
+
       const skip = $refLinks.some(link => {
         const def = getDefinition(link.definition.target)
         return hasOwnSkip(def) && !isRuntimeView(def)
@@ -1095,7 +1103,7 @@ function infer(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
       for (const k in elements) {
         if (!exclude(k)) {
           const element = elements[k]
-          if (element.type !== 'cds.LargeBinary') {
+          if (element.type !== 'cds.LargeBinary' && element.type !== 'cds.Vector') {
             queryElements[k] = element
           }
           // only relevant if we actually select the calculated element
@@ -1115,7 +1123,7 @@ function infer(originalQuery, model, useTechnicalAlias = true) {
       }
       if (exclude(name) || name in queryElements) return true
       const element = tableAliases[0].tableAlias.elements[name]
-      if (element.type !== 'cds.LargeBinary') queryElements[name] = element
+      if (element.type !== 'cds.LargeBinary' && element.type !== 'cds.Vector') queryElements[name] = element
       if (isCalculatedOnRead(element)) {
         linkCalculatedElement(element)
       }
@@ -1287,4 +1295,7 @@ function getMainAlias (query) {
   return mainAlias
 }
 
+// guardEntry bounds nested-subquery re-entry (expand, from, set)
+const infer = guardEntry(_infer)
+
 module.exports = infer

package/node_modules/@cap-js/db-service/lib/recursion-guard.js

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+'use strict'
+
+const cds = require('@sap/cds')
+
+// shared across cqn4sql and infer to guard against stack overflow from user-controlled nesting depth
+const MAX_RECURSION_DEPTH = 100
+
+let recursionDepth = 0
+
+function enterRecursion() {
+  if (++recursionDepth > MAX_RECURSION_DEPTH) throw cds.error(400, `Query exceeds the maximum nesting depth of ${MAX_RECURSION_DEPTH}`)
+}
+
+function depthGuarded(fn) {
+  return function (...args) {
+    enterRecursion()
+    try {
+      return fn.apply(this, args)
+    } finally {
+      recursionDepth--
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// entry points (infer / cqn4sql): outermost call resets the counter, so a thrown
+// depth error can't leave it polluted for the next request
+function guardEntry(fn) {
+  return function (...args) {
+    const outermost = recursionDepth === 0
+    enterRecursion()
+    try {
+      return fn.apply(this, args)
+    } finally {
+      if (outermost) recursionDepth = 0
+      else recursionDepth--
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = { depthGuarded, guardEntry }

package/node_modules/@cap-js/db-service/lib/search.js

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ const computeColumnsToBeSearched = (cqn, entity = { __searchableColumns: [] }) =
         if (
           cqn.SELECT.columns.length === 1 &&
           column.func === 'count' &&
-          (column.as === '_counted_' || column.as === '$count')
+          column.as === '$count'
         ) {
           return
         }

package/node_modules/@cap-js/db-service/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@cap-js/db-service",
-  "version": "3.0.1",
+  "version": "3.1.0",
   "description": "CDS base database service",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/tree/main/db-service#cds-base-database-service",
   "repository": {

package/node_modules/@cap-js/sqlite/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,6 +4,25 @@
 - The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](http://keepachangelog.com/).
 - This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org/).
 
+## [3.1.0](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/compare/sqlite-v3.0.2...sqlite-v3.1.0) (2026-09-07)
+
+
+### Added
+
+* Add support for `cds.Vector` on SQLite and Postgres ([#1676](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/issues/1676)) ([f0d2203](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/commit/f0d220324e8a1c7489966545000476bfd33f6b17))
+
+
+### Fixed
+
+* INSERT.from(SELECT) used non-existent `value`  ([#1565](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/issues/1565)) ([fd98844](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/commit/fd98844c83a78d6cf2b0b71344d3ee1d88528106))
+
+
+### Dependencies
+
+* The following workspace dependencies were updated
+  * dependencies
+    * @cap-js/db-service bumped from ^3.0.1 to ^3.1.0
+
 ## [3.0.2](https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/compare/sqlite-v3.0.1...sqlite-v3.0.2) (2026-07-01)
 
 

package/node_modules/@cap-js/sqlite/lib/SQLiteService.js

@@ -14,16 +14,6 @@ const sqliteKeywords = keywords.reduce((prev, curr) => {
   return prev
 }, {})
 
-// define date and time functions in js to allow for throwing errors
-const isTime = /^\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}$/
-const hasTimezone = /([+-]\d{1,2}:?\d{0,2}|Z)$/
-const toDate = (d, allowTime = false) => {
-  const date = new Date(allowTime && isTime.test(d) ? `1970-01-01T${d}Z` : hasTimezone.test(d) ? d : d + 'Z')
-  if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) throw new Error(`Value does not contain a valid ${allowTime ? 'time' : 'date'} "${d}"`)
-  return date
-}
-
-
 class SQLiteService extends SQLService {
 
   get factory() {
@@ -46,6 +36,10 @@ class SQLiteService extends SQLService {
           dbc.function('hour', deterministic, d => d === null ? null : toDate(d, true).getUTCHours())
           dbc.function('minute', deterministic, d => d === null ? null : toDate(d, true).getUTCMinutes())
           dbc.function('second', deterministic, d => d === null ? null : toDate(d, true).getUTCSeconds())
+          dbc.function('COSINE_SIMILARITY', deterministic, (a, b) => cosineSimilarity(toFloatArray(a), toFloatArray(b)))
+          dbc.function('L2DISTANCE', deterministic, (a, b) => l2Distance(toFloatArray(a), toFloatArray(b)))
+          dbc.function('L2NORMALIZE', deterministic, v => v == null ? null : fromFloatArray(l2Normalize(toFloatArray(v)), v))
+          dbc.function('VECTOR_EMBEDDING', deterministic, (input, text_type, model_and_version) => input == null ? null : JSON.stringify(hashEmbedding(String(input))))
           if (database !== ':memory:') dbc.pragma?.('journal_mode = WAL') || dbc.exec('PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL')
           return dbc
         } catch (err) {
@@ -184,7 +178,7 @@ class SQLiteService extends SQLService {
     let ps = await this.prepare(sql)
     const vals = await this._prepareStreams(values)
     const { changes } = await ps.run(vals)
-    return this._return_affected (changes)
+    return this._return_affected(changes)
   }
 
   onPlainSQL({ query, data }, next) {
@@ -273,9 +267,9 @@ class SQLiteService extends SQLService {
       // Reading decimal as string to not loose precision
       Decimal: cds.env.features.ieee754compatible
         ? (expr, elem) =>
-            elem?.scale
-              ? `CASE WHEN ${expr} IS NULL THEN NULL ELSE format('%.${elem.scale}f', ${expr}) END`
-              : `CASE WHEN ${expr} IS NULL THEN NULL ELSE rtrim(rtrim(format('%.999f', ${expr}), '0'), '.') END`
+          elem?.scale
+            ? `CASE WHEN ${expr} IS NULL THEN NULL ELSE format('%.${elem.scale}f', ${expr}) END`
+            : `CASE WHEN ${expr} IS NULL THEN NULL ELSE rtrim(rtrim(format('%.999f', ${expr}), '0'), '.') END`
         : undefined,
       // Binary is not allowed in json objects
       Binary: expr => `${expr} || ''`,
@@ -321,4 +315,106 @@ function loadSQLite(driver) {
   }
 }
 
+// define date and time functions in js to allow for throwing errors
+const isTime = d => /^\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}:\d{1,2}$/.test(d)
+const hasTimezone = d => /([+-]\d{1,2}:?\d{0,2}|Z)$/.test(d)
+const toDate = (d, allowTime = false) => {
+  const date = new Date(allowTime && isTime(d) ? `1970-01-01T${d}Z` : hasTimezone(d) ? d : d + 'Z')
+  if (Number.isNaN(date.getTime())) throw new Error(`Value does not contain a valid ${allowTime ? 'time' : 'date'} "${d}"`)
+  return date
+}
+
+// Vector functions implemented in JavaScript for SQLite (registered as custom SQL functions)
+function cosineSimilarity(a, b) {
+  if (a == null || b == null) return null
+  let dot = 0, normA = 0, normB = 0
+  for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+    dot += a[i] * b[i]
+    normA += a[i] * a[i]
+    normB += b[i] * b[i]
+  }
+  const denom = Math.sqrt(normA) * Math.sqrt(normB)
+  return denom === 0 ? 0 : dot / denom
+}
+
+function l2Distance(a, b) {
+  if (a == null || b == null) return null
+  let sum = 0
+  for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+    const diff = a[i] - b[i]
+    sum += diff * diff
+  }
+  return Math.sqrt(sum)
+}
+
+function l2Normalize(v) {
+  if (v == null) return null
+  let norm = 0
+  for (let i = 0; i < v.length; i++) norm += v[i] * v[i]
+  if (norm === 0) return v
+  norm = Math.sqrt(norm)
+  for (let i = 0; i < v.length; i++) v[i] /= norm
+  return v
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deterministic synchronous hash-based embedding function for SQLite.
+ * NOTE: If a synchronous embedding library becomes available for Node.js,
+ * it can be integrated here to replace the hash-based implementation.
+ */
+function hashEmbedding(text, dimensions = 384) {
+  if (text == null) return null
+  const vector = new Float32Array(dimensions)
+  const normalized = text.toLowerCase()
+  const ngramSize = 3
+
+  if (normalized.length >= ngramSize) {
+    for (let i = 0; i <= normalized.length - ngramSize; i++)
+      project(ngramHash(normalized, i, ngramSize), vector, dimensions)
+  } else {
+    for (let i = 0; i < normalized.length; i++)
+      project(normalized.charCodeAt(i), vector, dimensions)
+  }
+  return Array.from(l2Normalize(vector))
+}
+
+function ngramHash(text, start, len) {
+  let hash = 0x811c9dc5
+  for (let i = start; i < start + len; i++) {
+    hash ^= text.charCodeAt(i)
+    hash = Math.imul(hash, 0x01000193)
+  }
+  return hash
+}
+
+function project(hash, vector, dimensions) {
+  for (let band = 0; band < 4; band++) {
+    const h = rehash(hash, band)
+    vector[Math.abs(h % dimensions)] += ((h >>> 16) & 1) === 0 ? 1.0 : -1.0
+  }
+}
+
+function rehash(hash, band) {
+  let h = hash ^ Math.imul(band, 0x9e3779b9)
+  h ^= h >>> 16
+  h = Math.imul(h, 0x45d9f3b)
+  h ^= h >>> 16
+  return h
+}
+
+// Vector type conversion helpers for SQLite - handle various input formats (Buffer, string, array, typed arrays)
+function toFloatArray(vector) {
+  if (vector == null) return null
+  if (vector instanceof Float32Array) return Array.from(vector)
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(vector)) return JSON.parse(vector.toString('utf8'))
+  if (vector instanceof Uint8Array) return JSON.parse(Buffer.from(vector).toString('utf8'))
+  if (typeof vector === 'string') return JSON.parse(vector)
+  if (Array.isArray(vector)) return vector
+  throw new Error(`Unsupported vector type: ${typeof vector}`)
+}
+
+function fromFloatArray(arr, original) {
+  return original instanceof Float32Array ? new Float32Array(arr) : JSON.stringify(arr)
+}
+
 module.exports = SQLiteService

package/node_modules/@cap-js/sqlite/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@cap-js/sqlite",
-  "version": "3.0.2",
+  "version": "3.1.0",
   "description": "CDS database service for SQLite",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/cap-js/cds-dbs/tree/main/sqlite#cds-database-service-for-sqlite",
   "repository": {
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@
     "test": "cds-test"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@cap-js/db-service": "^3.0.1"
+    "@cap-js/db-service": "^3.1.0"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@sap/cds": "^10",
     "sql.js": "^1.13.0",
-    "better-sqlite3": "^12.0.0"
+    "better-sqlite3": "^12.0.0 || ^13.0.0"
   },
   "peerDependenciesMeta": {
     "sql.js": {