@sap/cds-compiler 6.4.2 → 6.5.0

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -4,9 +4,67 @@
 <!-- markdownlint-disable MD004 -->
 <!-- (no-duplicate-heading)-->
 
-Note: `beta` fixes, changes and features are usually not listed in this ChangeLog
-but in [doc/CHANGELOG_BETA.md](doc/CHANGELOG_BETA.md).
-The compiler behavior concerning `beta` features can change at any time without notice.
+If you upgrade from a previous version, you might want to read in more detail about
+incompatible [changes between v5 and v6](./doc/IncompatibleChanges_v6.md)
+and [changes between v4 and v5](./doc/IncompatibleChanges_v5.md).
+
+Note: while we list new `beta` flags and their removal in this ChangeLog,
+we might not list every change in its behavior here.
+Productive code should never require a `beta` flag to be set, and
+might use a deprecated flag only for a limited period of time.
+
+## Version 6.5.0 - 2025-11-21
+
+### Added
+
+- compiler:
+  + remove all special restrictions for references after an `exists` predicate
+    (backends might introduce restrictions relevant for them)
+  + support runtimes to improve draft handling (calc elements, column expressions)
+- for.odata/to.edm(x):
+  + `is (not) null` operator is now supported in annotation expressions
+  + in OData version 2, all elements of the `DraftAdministrativeData` EntityType get
+    the annotation `UI.HiddenFilter` with value `true`
+  + artifacts annotated with `@cds.external: 2` are now processed by the OData backend
+- to.sql:
+  + the `exists` predicate can now be defined as a filter condition on the leaf of the `from` path
+    i.e. `select from Books[exists author]` is equivalent to `select from Books where exists author`
+
+### Changed
+
+- compiler: report an error for an `annotate` on non-existent definitions
+  with security-relevant annotations (`@restrict`, `@requires`, `@ams.…`)
+- Update OData vocabularies: Capabilities, Common, Hierarchy
+
+### Fixed
+
+- compiler: make an annotation `@cds.autoexpose: false` on an aspect used as
+  `Composition` target have the desired effect (similar on `cds.common.TextsAspect`)
+
+## Version 6.4.6 - 2025-10-23
+
+### Fixed
+
+- compiler: a references to an element of the target in a filter for associations
+  inside an annotation expression does not lead to a compiler message requesting
+  users to provide the annotation themselves (regression with v6.4.4)
+
+## Version 6.4.4 - 2025-10-15
+
+### Fixed
+
+- compiler:
+  + properly rewrite references in arguments of associations in annotation expressions
+  + a references to a variable (`$user.id`, …) in a filter of an annotation expression
+    does not lead to a compiler message requesting users to provide the annotation themselves
+  + improve code completion in annotation expressions: the editor can display valid names
+    for references even if the expression does not properly end by `)`
+- to.sql:
+  + reject `$self` in infix filter following exists predicate instead of just ignoring the filter expression
+  + properly add comparison for the `tenant` discriminator to the `join` condition of `localized` views
+    if the non-published option for tenant support is set (regression with v6.4.0)
+
+### Removed
 
 ## Version 6.4.2 - 2025-10-07
 
@@ -17,8 +75,8 @@ The compiler behavior concerning `beta` features can change at any time without
   + avoid clutter in message text for syntax errors: use `‹Value›` instead of listing value tokens
 - compiler: fix suppression of warnings when annotating backend-generated things
   like draft entities or localized convenience views
-- to.sql|hdi|hdbcds: Fix handling of structured columns when calculated elements are used
-  don't add explicit casts too eagerly
+- to.sql|hdi|hdbcds: don’t report unjustified errors when projecting structured elements and
+  calculated elements had been used (regression with v6.4.0)
 
 ## Version 6.4.0 - 2025-09-26
 
@@ -239,14 +297,29 @@ The compiler behavior concerning `beta` features can change at any time without
 
 - for.odata/to.edm(x):
   + Annotating the generated `DraftAdministrativeData` artifacts and their elements is now supported.
+- beta flag `v7preview`: if set, the compiler reports those issues as errors
+  which we consider severe enough to report as error with the v7 release.
+- new `deprecated` flags (which can't be used together with beta flag):
+  + If the deprecated flag `noQuasiVirtualAssocs` is set, managed to-many associations
+    will get foreign keys as they got in compiler v5.  If not set, managed to-many associations
+    without explicit foreign keys don't get `keys` anymore in  cds-compiler v6.
+  + If the deprecated flag `noCompositionIncludes` is set, generated entities for compositions
+    of named aspect will not get an `includes` property.
+  + If the deprecated flag `noPersistenceJournalForGeneratedEntities` is set,
+    `@cds.persistence.journal` will _not_ be propagated to generated entities,
+    including generated `.texts` entities for localized entities, nor generated entities
+    for managed compositions of aspects. If not set, this annotation is copied to those entities
+    in compiler v6.
 
 ### Removed
 
 - compiler:
   + The Antlr-based parser is removed.
-  + v5 deprecated flags are removed, see [CHANGELOG_DEPRECATED.md](doc/CHANGELOG_DEPRECATED.md).
   + Option `compositionIncludes` is removed, as its default is `true`; instead, a deprecated flag was added.
 - to.hdbcds: The HDBCDS backend is deprecated and can no longer be invoked.
+- beta feature `v6preview`
+- deprecated flags `includesNonShadowedFirst`, `eagerPersistenceForGeneratedEntities` and
+  `noKeyPropagationWithExpansions`
 
 ### Fixed
 
@@ -358,6 +431,8 @@ The compiler behavior concerning `beta` features can change at any time without
   in parentheses such as `[ (1), (2) ]`, as well as "infinite" by using `[ _, _ ]`.
 - for.odata/to.edm(x)/for.seal: Propagate annotation expressions from managed associations
   to the foreign keys
+- beta feature `v6preview`: if set, the compiler reports those issues as errors
+  which we consider severe enough to report as error with the v6 release.
 
 ### Changed
 
@@ -530,6 +605,11 @@ The compiler behavior concerning `beta` features can change at any time without
 - CDL parser: Issue warning for arrayed parameter with default value.
 - to.cdl: Arrayed parameters with default values were not rendered correctly.
 
+### Removed
+
+- beta flag `optionalActionFunctionParameters`: in v5, action and function parameters
+  can be specified as optional without setting this beta flag.
+
 ## Version 5.2.0 - 2024-08-27
 
 ### Added
@@ -645,1156 +725,4 @@ This is a preview version for the major release and contains breaking changes. I
 
 - API: Deprecated functions `preparedCsnToEdmx` and `preparedCsnToEdm` were removed.
   Use `to.edm(x)` instead.
-
-## Version 4.9.10 - 2025-04-29
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Added option `allowMixinInProjectionExtension` which allows referring to mixins in `extend projection`.
-  This was forbidden in cds-compiler v4, but re-introduced in v5.5.  Users wanting to migrate from cds-compiler
-  v3 to v4 can use this option for easier migration.
-
-## Version 4.9.8 - 2024-07-29
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler: Fix extensions with bound actions using an explicit binding parameter in `parseCdl` CSN.
-- to.edm(x): No `Nullable` attribute for `$ReturnType` of `Collection(<entity type>)` [OData V4 CSDL, section 12.8 Return Type](https://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/odata-csdl-xml/v4.01/odata-csdl-xml-v4.01.html#sec_ReturnType)
-
-## Version 4.9.6 - 2024-07-15
-
-### Fixed
-
-- for.seal: Don't generate DRAFT artifacts.
-- for.odata: Propagate all `@odata { Type, MaxLength, Precision, Scale, SRID }` to generated foreign keys.
-- to.edm(x): Respect `AppliesTo` specification in term definitions for actions and functions.
-- to.sql: Conditions inside filters in combination with foreign key aliases were not properly translated in rare cases.
-
-## Version 4.9.4 - 2024-05-21
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.sql:
-  + always include `tenant` column in foreign key references.
-  + reject `tenantDiscriminator` option only if sql dialect is `hana` and if  `withHanaAssociations` option is set.
-
-## Version 4.9.2 - 2024-05-13
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler: Rewriting annotation expression paths in structures of projections has been improved.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Operator `/` represents `DivBy` operator, explicit `DivBy` is replaced with `Div` as integer division.
-- to.sql: consider all associations in tenant dependent entity for referential constraint generation
-
-## Version 4.9.0 - 2024-04-25
-
-### Added
-
-- compiler: Annotations with expressions are now rewritten when propagated.
-- for.seal: Added API function that produces a CSN for SEAL.
-- for.odata/to.edm(x): Support annotation path expressions including path flattening.
-
-### Changed
-
-- parser: A space between `.` and `*`/`{` (nested projections) is now a warning.  
-  Use `bin/cds_remove_invalid_whitespace.js` to automatically fix this warning.
-- compiler:
-  + Published compositions with filters are changed to associations.
-  + Expressions as annotation values are rejected for few known annotations that don't expect them.
-- Update OData vocabularies: 'Aggregation', 'Capabilities', 'Common', 'Hierarchy', 'PersonalData', 'Session', 'UI'.
-- to.edm(x): Exposed anonymous parameter types are now prefixed with `ap`, `bap` and `ep` for actions, bound actions and entities.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler:
-  + Deprecated `$parameters` is no longer proposed in code completion.
-  + Duplicate mixin definitions lead to failing name resolution.
-- to.cdl: Types were always rendered for associations with filters, even if it would lead to a compilation failure.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Fix a recursion bug in entity parameter handling.
-  + Fix event exclusion in service preprocessing.
-
-## Version 4.8.0 - 2024-03-21
-
-### Added
-
-- compiler: Type `cds.Vector` was added.  It is mapped to `REAL_VECTOR` on SAP HANA.
-- Support associations to/from entities with parameters for SAP HANA SQL (hdi/direct).
-- to.sql/to.hdi:
-  + SAP HANA keywords `ABSOLUTE`, `REAL_VECTOR`, and `ST_ASESRIJSON` are now included for smart quoting.
-  + PostgreSQL keyword `SYSTEM_USER` is now included for smart quoting.
-- API: Added `to.sql.postgres.keywords` and `to.sql.h2.keywords`.
-  They contain keywords for the respective SQL dialect.
-
-### Changed
-
-- compiler: Overriding an included element must not change the type to an association
-  if it wasn't an association before and vice versa.
-- Update OData vocabularies: 'Authorization', 'Common', 'UI'.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler: `cast()`s to structured types and associations are now rejected. They could lead to crashes before.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Reject action/function return types that are declared `many of many`.
-  + Render user defined annotation type `cds.Integer` as `Edm.Int`.
-- to.sql|hdi|hdbcds:
-  + Correctly handle `.list` during flattening.
-  + Improve handling of `.items`.
-- to.sql|hdi.migration:
-  + Turn types and aspects into dummies to reduce CSN size.
-  + Correctly detect a removed `.default` and forcefully set the default to `null`.
-
-## Version 4.7.6 - 2024-02-29
-
-### Fixed
-
-- OData: Restored compatibility with the Java runtime.
-  Drafts generation was applied twice.
-
-
-## Version 4.7.4 - 2024-02-27
-
-### Fixed
-
-- OData: Fixed infinite recursion in draft handling for nested recursive compositions.
-
-
-## Version 4.7.2 - 2024-02-26
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Restored compatibility with `@sap/cds-dk` for Java runtime.
-
-
-
-## Version 4.7.0 - 2024-02-23
-
-### Added
-
-- compiler: Virtual elements can now be referenced in expressions in annotation.
-
-### Changed
-
-- Update OData vocabularies: 'Authorization', 'Common', 'Hierarchy', 'UI'.
-- to.edm(x): `@cds.odata.valuelist` renders all non-key elements of the value help list as `ValueListProperty`.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- CDL parser: a `select` after two or more `(`s in an expression or condition
-  could cause some constructs in that query, such as `virtual`, to be not properly parsed.
-- compiler: published associations with filters sometimes had the filter applied twice
-  if used in inline aspect compositions
-- to.sql|hdi|hdbcds[.migration]:
-  + With `withHanaAssociations`: `false`, remove the association elements from the final CSN in order
-    to correctly detect them during migration scenarios and
-  with generated `hdbcds`.
-  + Skip expensive processing (for calculated elements and nested projections) if the model doesn't use it.
-  + Don't greedily set alias on subqueries if not required.
-  + Remove bound actions and turn all non-database relevant artifacts into dummies to simplify and shrink CSN.
-
-## Version 4.6.2 - 2024-02-02
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler: Fix incorrect error about type properties if deprecated flag `ignoreSpecifiedQueryElements` is set.
-- Update OData vocabularies: 'Authorization', 'Common'.
-
-
-## Version 4.6.0 - 2024-01-26
-
-### Added
-
-- compiler: Events can now be projections on other structured events and types.
-- to.cdl: `parseCdl` and `gensrc` style CSN (a.k.a. `inferred` and `xtended`) is now supported as input.
-
-### Changed
-
-- Update OData vocabularies: 'Aggregation', 'Validation'
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds: Removed warnings for number and type of keys in draft-enabled entities.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler:
-  + ON-conditions of associations with filters in calculated elements were incorrectly rewritten when included
-    in other entities, and the filter was applied twice in some scenarios.
-  + redirecting an association with filter did not rewrite paths relative to the redirection target.
-  + Unknown type references with an explicit named type argument such as `Unknown(length: 10)` crashed.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + `@Core.IsURL` is not rendered in combination with `@Core.MediaType` (V4 only).
-  + No 'odata-navigation' warning for association targets annotated with `@cds.autoexpose: false`.
-  + No empty annotation in API, when a non-existent base annotation is annotated  
-    (eg. `@Common.Label.@Core.Description` without `@Common.Label`).
-  + Don't crash if value for `$Type` is not a string.
-  + Generated foreign keys of type `cds.UUID` that are also primary key are not annotated with
-    `@Core.ComputedDefaultValue`. This is a follow up correction to [4.5.0](#version-450---2023-12-08)
-
-
-## Version 4.5.0 - 2023-12-08
-
-### Added
-
-- compiler/parser
-  + Annotations can have any expressions as value, like `@Anno: ( ref + 1 )`.
-    References are checked to be valid element references,
-    inherited values might become invalid due to element renaming.
-    This feature is still experimental, and
-    might not be supported by all backends or runtimes at the moment.
-  + A single `annotate` statement can now be used to annotate parameters, elements and
-    bound actions in one statement.
-- to.edm(x): Key elements of type `cds.UUID` are annotated with `@Core.ComputedDefaultValue` if they are
-  defined directly in the entity. Elements of type `cds.UUID` that are defined in a named structured type
-  and used to define a key element are not annotated, instead a warning is raised if such elements are
-  not annotated with `@Core.ComputedDefaultValue`.
-- to.sql|hdi: Add option `withHanaAssociations` which, for sqlDialect `hana`, allows suppressing
-  the generation of the `WITH ASSOCIATIONS`.
-
-### Changed
-
-- Update OData Vocabulary: 'Common'.
-- api: Reject CSN as input in backends, if it is a CSN in flavor `parsed` with a non-empty `requires` array.
-  Reason being that the model is not considered a "full" CSN, as dependencies were not resolved.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler:
-  + Fix false positives of cyclic dependencies for calculated elements.
-  + Fix cardinality on source associations when publishing them with a filter (+ different cardinality)
-    in a projection.  The cardinality was incorrectly changed on the source as well.
-- CDL parser:
-  + More numbers that would lose relevant digits due to precision loss are
-    stored as strings in CSN (i.e. `{ "literal":"number", "val": "1.0000000000000001" }`).
-  + Nested table expressions and queries in the FROM clause (with surrounding parentheses)
-    could cause some constructs such as `virtual` to be not properly parsed.
-- to.hdi.migration: Don't drop-create the primary key when only a doc-comment has changed.
-- to.cdl: Fix edge case where `@A.![B#]` was not rendered correctly.
-
-### Removed
-
-- to.edm(x): Remove option `--odata-open-type` introduced with [4.4.0](#version-440---2023-11-09).
-
-## Version 4.4.4 - 2023-11-24
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.hdi.migration: Changes in only `doc`-comments should not result in a drop-create of the primary key.
-
-## Version 4.4.2 - 2023-11-17
-
-### Fixed
-
-- for.odata: Fix crash when using a projection with associations as action parameter type.
-- to.edm(x): `Edm.AnyPropertyPath` is hard to `Edm.PropertyPath`. As there is no dynamic path evaluation,
-  `Edm.NavigationPropertyPath` must be enforced via `$edmJson`.
-  `Edm.AnyPropertyPath` has been used in `@Aggregation.ApplySupported.GroupableProperties` for the first
-  time after vocabulary update with [4.4.0](#version-440---2023-11-09).
-
-## Version 4.4.0 - 2023-11-09
-
-### Added
-
-- compiler: International letters such as `ä` can now be used in CDS identifiers without quoting.
-  Unicode letters similar to JavaScript are allowed.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Allow to render all complex types within a requested service as `OpenType=true` with option `--odata-open-type`.
-    Explicit `@open: false` annotations are not overwritten.
-  + Allow to annotate the generated draft artifacts but not generated foreign keys (as with any other managed association).
-- to.sql|hdi|hdbcds: Allow annotating the generated `.drafts` tables.
-
-### Changed
-
-- CDL parser: improve error recovery inside structured annotation values
-- Update OData vocabularies: 'Aggregation', 'Common', 'Core', 'Hierarchy', 'ODM', 'UI'.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- parser:
-  + `/**/` was incorrectly parsed as an unterminated doc-comment, leading to parse errors.
-  + Doc-comments consisting only of `*` were not correctly parsed.
-- compiler: do not propagate `default`s in a CSN of flavor `xtended`/`gensrc`.
-- to.hana: Fix various bugs in association to join translation. Support `$self` references
-  in filter expressions.
-- to.edm(x): Omit `EntitySet` attribute on `Edm.FunctionImport` and `Edm.ActionImport` that return
-  a singleton.
-- to.sql|hdi.migration: Improve handling of primary key changes - detect them and render corresponding drop-create.
-
-## Version 4.3.2 - 2023-10-25
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler: Fix auto-exposure of composition target entities inside anonymous composition target aspects.
-- to.hana: Fix a bug in association to join translation, expect ON condition operand to be a function without arguments.
-
-## Version 4.3.0 - 2023-09-29
-
-### Added
-
-- compiler: it is possible to publish associations with filters in views.
-  Managed associations become unmanaged ones.  For example:  
-  ```cds
-  entity Proj as projection on Base {
-    assoc[id = 1],
-  };
-  ```
-
-### Changed
-
-- Update OData vocabularies: 'Aggregation', 'Capabilities', 'Common', 'PDF', 'PersonalData', 'UI'.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- parser: Chained methods without arguments such as `b` in `a().b.c()` were lost.
-- compiler:
-  + Type arguments in `cast()` functions, whose column also has an explicit type set, were not
-    properly checked.  Now the `cast()`s type and type arguments are checked.
-  + SQL function `STDDEV(*)` was not parsable.
-  + In views, published association's ON-conditions containing `$projection` are now rewritten
-    to `$self` in the CSN `elements` property.  This ensures recompilability of the CSN.
-
-## Version 4.2.4 - 2023-09-14
-
-### Fixed
-
-- OData: For compatibility with the Java runtime, don't prepend table aliases to column aliases unless necessary.
-
-## Version 4.2.2 - 2023-08-31
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.sql|hdi.migration: Fix bug that caused a migration to be rendered for the HANA CDS types that were removed from the CSN
-
-## Version 4.2.0 - 2023-08-29
-
-### Added
-
-- Compiler:
-  + Option `moduleLookupDirectories: [ 'strings' ]` can be used to specify additional module lookup
-    directories, similar to `node_modules/`.
-  + LIMIT and OFFSET clauses can now contain expressions, including parameter references.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Detect spec violation `scale` > `precision`.
-- to.sql/for.odata:
-  + With the new option `fewerLocalizedViews: true|false`, an entity/view will not get a localized convenience
-    view, if it only has associations to localized entities/views.  Only if there is actually a localized
-    element (e.g. new localized element or reference to one), will it get a convenience view.
-- to.sql
-  + In a localized scenario, create foreign key constraints for the generated `.texts` entities.
-  + Casting `null` to a structure such as `null as field : StructT` is now supported.  For each leaf element,
-    an additional `null as field_name` column is added.
-
-### Changed
-
-- Compiler:
-  + Selecting fields of structures or associations (without filters) are now candidates for ON-condition
-    rewrites: It is no longer necessary to select the struct/association directly.
-  + Consistently handle the case when type elements are defined to be a `key`:
-    the `key` property is not only preserved with `includes`, but also in other cases.
-    Use option `deprecated.noKeyPropagationWithExpansions` to switch to the v3 behavior.
-  + When including aspects or entities into structured type definitions,
-    do not add actions to the type.
-  + An `annotate` statement in the `extensions` section of a CSN now consistently uses the
-    `elements` property even if the `annotate` is intended to be used for an enum symbol.
-    Before v4.2, the compiler has used the `enum` property in a CSN of flavor `xtended`
-    (`gensrc`) if it was certain that it was to be applied to an enum symbol.
-- to.cdl: If a definition has an `actions` property, an `actions {…}` block is now always rendered,
-  and is not ignored if empty.
-- to.sql:
-  + For SQL dialect "sqlite", `cds.DateTime` is now rendered as `DATETIME_TEXT` instead of `TIMESTAMP_TEXT`.
-  + Casting a literal (except `null`) to a structure now yields a proper error.
-  + `.texts` entities annotated with `@cds.persistence.skip` (without their original entity having that annotation)
-    lead to deployment issues later.  It is now an error.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Compiler:
-  + Reject invalid reference in the `on` of `join`s already while compiling,
-    not just when calling the (SQL) backend.
-  + Correct the calculation of annotation assignments on the return structure of actions
-    when both `annotate … with {…}` and `annotate … with returns {…}` had been used
-    on the same structure element.  Ensure that it works when non-applied, too.
-  + Do not remove or invent `actions` properties with zero actions or functions in it.
-  + Correct auto-redirection of direct cycle associations: if the source and target of a
-    model association are the same entity, and the main artifact of the service association
-    based on the model association is a suitable auto-redirection target, then use it
-    as new target, independently from the value of `@cds.redirection.target`.
-- to.cdl: Indirectly structured types (`type T: Struct;`) with `includes` (`extend T with T2;`), are now properly rendered.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds:
-  + Views on views with parameters did not have localized convenience views based on
-  other localized views (missing `localized.` prefix in FROM clause)
-  + Run less checks on entities marked with `@cds.persistence.exists`
-  + Correctly render SELECT items where the column name conflicts with a table alias
-- to.sql: Casting expressions to a structured type yields a proper error instead of strange compiler error.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Don't expand `@mandatory` if element has an annotation with prefix `@Common.FieldControl.`.
-  + Fix a bug when referencing nested many structures, especially referring to a managed association via
-  `$self` comparison.
-  + Improve handling of non-collection annotation values for collection-like vocabulary types.
-  + Don't render `Scale: variable` for `cds.Decimal(scale:0)`.
-- to.sql|hdi.migration:
-  + Fixed a bug that caused rendering of `ALTER` statements to abort early and not render some statements.
-  + CSN output now only contains real `cds` builtins, no early remapping to HANA CDS types or similar.
-- to.sql.migration: Don't drop-create views marked with `@cds.persistence.exists`
-
-### Removed
-
-## Version 4.1.2 - 2023-07-31
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.hdi.migration: Changes in constraints are not rendered as part of the .hdbmigrationtable file,
-  as they belong in other HDI artifacts
-
-## Version 4.1.0 - 2023-07-28
-
-### Added
-
-- Calculated elements "on-read" can now reference localized elements.
-- Aliases for columns inside sub-queries are now optional, also for expressions.
-- for.odata/to.hdi/to.sql: Specified default value on a managed association is forwarded to a foreign key
-  if association has exactly one foreign key.
-- CDL: Annotation-only aspects having no `elements` and `actions` can now be defined with
-  the CDL syntax `@Anno… aspect Name;`.  They cannot be extended with elements or actions
-  in order to ensure that they can always be used to extend non-structures.
-  To allow the former but not the latter, use `@Anno… aspect Name {…};`.
-- to.sql: Support session variables for h2
-
-### Changed
-
-- api: Function `isInReservedNamespace(name)` handles name `cds` as being in a reserved namespace as well.
-- `CompilationError.messages` are now sorted severity aware. Errors are listed first.
-- Compiler:
-  + Improve the calculation of semantic code completion candidates.
-  + Some checks, like those for valid `on` conditions of associations,
-    are now already done with `compile` and not just the backends.
-  + SQL `cast()`s must always have a `type` property
-  + Type properties such as `precision` or `length` must be accompanied by a type (possibly inferred).
-- for.odata/to.hdi/to.sql: No longer reject unmanaged associations as foreign keys of a managed association.
-  Instead, ignore such references during ON-condition rewriting and foreign key generation. Referring to
-  unmanaged associations is incompatible with SAP HANA CDS naming mode 'hdbcds'.
-- to.sql: Rework session variables for postgres.
-- Update OData vocabularies: 'Common', 'HTML5', 'PersonalData', 'UI'.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Compiler:
-  + ensure that annotations of elements in anonymous aspects of managed compositions
-    are not lost.
-  + issue error for definitions like `entity Self as projection on Base { $self.* };`
-    instead of simply concluding that the projection has zero elements.
-  + do not report a invalid cyclic dependency if associations between two entities
-    are valid cycles.
-  + Element type references can again follow associations (removed v4.0 incompatibility).
-- to.sql:
-  + `$self` references inside a nested projection using `$self` was incorrectly resolved.
-  + associations to entities marked with `@cds.persistence.skip` were not properly
-    checked inside nested projections.
-  + Select items casting `null` to an arrayed type work again, e.g. `null as ManyType`.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds: Raise a nice error message for `@sql.append` on managed associations/compositions,
-  as we do for structured error messages.
-- to.cdl: Annotations with multiple qualifiers (`#`) are now rendered correctly.
-- to.edm(x): Revert change introduced with [3.9.0](#version-390---2023-04-20)
-    "Correct referential constraint calculation for `[0..1]` backlink associations".
-- for.odata: Process shortcut annotations sequence independent.
-- to.sql.migration:
-  + Respect unique and referential constraints for delta calculation.
-  + Added a configurable error for primary key additions, as those will lead to errors if the table
-    contains data. This could lead to inconsistent states if
-    some deployments succeed and others fail, so by default it is an error.
-
-### Removed
-
-- Compiler:
-  + forbid wildcards in projection extensions: `extend … with columns { * )`.
-  + forbid column references such as `$user.*`, `$user.{id}` and `$user {id}`.
-
-## Version 4.0.2 - 2023-06-22
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.sql.migration: When drop-creating views, also drop-create (transitively) dependent views.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Forward `@odata.singleton { nullable }` annotation to parameter entity.
-  + Annotations assigned to a parameterized entity are propagated to the parameter entity if the annotation is
-    applicable to either an `edm.EntitySet` or `edm.Singleton`. This especially covers all `@Capabilities` and their
-    shortcut forms like `@readonly` and `@insertonly`. The original annotation is not removed from the original entity.
-    Annotations that should be rendered at the parameter `edm.EntityType` can be qualified with `$parameters`.
-    Explicitly qualified annotations are removed from the original entity allowing individual assignments.
-
-
-## Version 4.0.0 - 2023-06-06
-
-### Added
-
-- Calculated elements "on-write" are now supported, e.g. `elem = field + 1 stored;` will be rendered in SQL
-  as `GENERATED ALWAYS AS`.
-- compiler:
-  + `returns` of actions and functions can now be annotated, e.g.
-
-    ```cds
-    action A() returns @direct { … };
-    annotate A with returns {
-      @anno val;
-    }
-    ```
-  + It is now possible to use `*/` inside doc comments by escaping it `*\/`.  Only this exact string can be escaped.
-  + Functions `parse.expr` and `parse.cql` now support `group by`, `having`, `order by`, `limit`, and `offset` in infix filters.
-  + In expressions, you can now use function names after the `new` keyword which do
-    not start with `st_`, if the name is followed by an open parenthesis.
-
-### Changed
-
-- API:
-  + `messageContext()` is now deprecated; use `messageStringMultiline()` instead with `config.sourceMap`.
-  + `messageString(err, config)` has a new signature; the old one is still supported for backward compatibility.
-  + Option `docComment: false` now removes doc comments during compilation even for CSN.
-    If this option is not defined, doc comments are checked, but not put into CSN.
-- compiler:
-  + CSN: Specified elements of queries are now resolved and checked (previously ignored except for annotations).
-    Type properties (`length`, …) and some element properties are now taken from the specified elements
-    instead of relying only on the elements inferred by the compiler.
-  + CSN: Compiler accepts CSN input with CSN version `0.1.0` (produced by cds-compiler version 1.10.0 and older)
-    only if the version attribute is properly set, i.e. `"version": {"csn": "0.1.0"}`.
-  + CSN: Type properties (`length`, `precision`, `scale`, and `srid`) next to `elements` or `items` in CSN input
-    is now an error.  Previously ignored.
-  + An extension of the form `extend Def with { name = 42 };` is now represented in parsed CSN as
-    adding a calculated element.
-  + `having` as the first word in an infix filter is now interpreted as keyword. Write `![having]`
-    to have it parsed as identifier.
-  + If a definition overrides elements of an included definition, it is sorted according
-    to the included definition's element order.  This is similar to how `*` works in projections.
-    It is no longer possible to overwrite a scalar element with a structure and vice versa.
-  + Two included definitions cannot have the same element. The including entity must override the element.
-  + If a type with properties precision and scale is extended, the `extend` statement must extend both properties.
-  + `annotate E:elem with actions {};` is now a parser error and no longer a compiler error.
-    Only relevant if you use `parseCdl`-style CSN.
-  + Annotations (and other properties) are now propagated to `returns` as well, if the returned artifact
-    is a non-entity, e.g. a type.
-  + `annotate E with returns {…}` is now only applied to actions/functions. Previous compiler versions
-    autocorrected the `annotate` statements to apply them to an entity's elements.
-  + Calculated elements can't refer to localized elements.
-  + Table aliases can't be used in `extend Query with columns {…}` any longer. Use direct element references instead.
-  + Table alias and mixin names can no longer start with `$`. Choose a different name. With this change
-    we avoid unexpected name resolution effects in combination with built-in `$`-variables.
-  + A semicolon is now required after a type definition like `type T : many {} null`.
-  + Message ID `duplicate-autoexposed` was changed to `def-duplicate-autoexposed`.
-  + Bare `$projection` are rejected. Use `$self` instead.
-- Update OData vocabularies 'Common', 'UI'.
-- to.sql:
-  + Change default `length` for `cds.String` for all SQL dialects except `hana` to 255.
-  + for the sql dialect `postgres`, the `ON DELETE RESTRICT` / `ON UPDATE RESTRICT` rules
-    are omitted from the referential constraint definitions.
-- to.cdl:
-  + If associations are used inside `items`, an error is emitted instead of rendering invalid CDL.
-  + `items` inside `items`, where the outer one does not have a `type`, is now always an error,
-    because it can't be rendered in CDL
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler:
-  + `parseCdl` CSN did not include correct `...` entries for annotations containing `... up to`
-  + Type references inside calculated elements were not always correctly resolved.
-  + `USING` empty files were incorrectly marked as "not found".
-  + Correct the handling of `$self` references in nested projections and filters in queries.
-  + If an association was inside `items`, e.g. via type chains, the compiler crashes instead of emitting proper errors.
-  + References in the user-provided `on` conditions of associations with a to be
-    auto-redirected model entity as target were not always resolved correctly.
-    Complain in error situations.
-  + Make extend code robust against prototype-polluted JS classes.
-- Localized convenience views for projections (not views) did not have references rewritten.
-  This only affects CSN, the SQL result was correct.
-- Calculated elements in composition-of-aspect lost their `value` when generating composition targets.
-- to.sql/to.hdi/for.odata: Foreign keys in ON-conditions were not always properly checked and flattened if explicit
-  `keys` were provided that reference structures.
-- Extending bound actions with elements is not possible, but was not reported by the compiler and elements were silently lost.
-- for.odata:
-  + Don't propagate `@odata { Type, MaxLength, Precision, Scale }` from structured to flattened leaf elements.
-  + Remove `type: null` attribute from element definitions referencing an undefined type via `type of`.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Don't reject untyped properties that are API typed with a valid `@odata.Type` annotation.
-  + Render correct `EntitySetPath` and annotation target path for actions/functions with explicit binding parameter.
-- to.cdl: ParseCdl-style CSN containing annotations with `...` were not properly rendered.
-
-### Removed
-
-- NodeJs 14 is no longer supported.
-- `CompileMessage` no longer has property `location`, which was deprecated in v2.1.0, but `$location`,
-  which is supported since v2.1.0
-- compiler:
-  + It is no longer possible to write `type of $self.‹elem›` to refer to the element `‹Def›.‹elem›`
-    where `‹Def›` is the main artifact where the type expression is embedded in. Replace by `type of <Def>:‹elem›`.
-  + Element type references can no longer follow associations, i.e. `E:assoc.id` is not allowed
-    (v4.0 only, re-introduced with v4.1).
-  + "Smart type references" such as `Entity.myElement` instead of `Entity:myElement`
-    are removed, because since - `Entity.myElement` could also be a definition,
-    creating ambiguities. This did not work always, anyway.
-
-## Version 3.9.12 - 2023-12-06
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler:
-  + SQL function `STDDEV(*)` was not parsable.
-  + Numbers in scientific notation `-1e1` were sometimes not recognized via CSN input.
-- for.odata: Fix crash when using a projection with associations as action parameter type.
-- for.hana: Fix a bug in association to join translation, expect ON condition operand to be a function without arguments.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Omit `EntitySet` attribute on `Edm.FunctionImport` and `Edm.ActionImport` that return a singleton.
-  + Don't render `Scale: variable` for `cds.Decimal(scale:0)`.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds: consider `having` predicate for `exists` expansion
-
-## Version 3.9.10 - 2023-08-25
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.edm(x): Error reporting for incorrect handling of "Collection()" has been improved.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds: Views on views with parameters did not have localized convenience views based on
-  other localized views (missing `localized.` prefix in FROM clause)
-- to.sql: Casting expressions to a structured type yields a proper error instead of strange compiler error.
-- to.sql.migration: Don't drop-create views marked with `@cds.persistence.exists` or `@cds.persistence.skip`
-
-## Version 3.9.8 - 2023-08-03
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Don't expand `@mandatory` if element has an annotation with prefix `@Common.FieldControl.`.
-  + Fix a bug when referencing nested many structures, especially referring to a managed association via
-  `$self` comparison.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds: Detect navigation into arrayed structures and raise helpful errors instead of running into internal errors.
-
-## Version 3.9.6 - 2023-07-27
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.edm(x): Revert change introduced with [3.9.0](#version-390---2023-04-20)
-    "Correct referential constraint calculation for `[0..1]` backlink associations".
-- for.odata: Process shortcut annotations sequence independent.
-
-## Version 3.9.4 - 2023-06-07
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler: `USING` empty files were incorrectly marked as "not found".
-- Localized convenience views for projections (not views) did not have references rewritten.
-  This only affects CSN, the SQL result was correct.
-- to.edm(x): Render correct EntitySetPath and annotation target path for actions/functions
-  with explicit binding parameter.
-
-## Version 3.9.2 - 2023-04-27
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Fix crash in core compiler which occurred when CAP was used in a node environments
-  where an enumerable property was added to `Array.prototype`.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Publicly release `@open`.
-  + No `DefaultValue` for `Edm.NavigationProperty`.
-
-## Version 3.9.0 - 2023-04-20
-
-### Added
-
-- Variables `$valid.from` and `$valid.to` have been added to the compiler.
-  They behave the same as `$at.from` and `$at.to`.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Add `--odata-vocabularies` to pass a dictionary `{ <prefix>: { Alias, Namespace, Uri } }`
-    into the EDM generation. `<prefix>` must match the value of `Alias`. Entries are ignored
-    if they are incomplete, malformed, redefine an official OASIS/SAP vocabulary or match the name
-    of the current service. Annotations of the form `@<prefix>.<annotation>` are added to the API
-    without evaluation including an `edm:Reference`. It is in the users responsibility to provide
-    a URI that a client can resolve against a valid vocabulary document.
-  + Support annotation `@open` on entity and structured type level to declare the corresponding
-    entity/complex type to be `OpenType=true`. If an open structured type is declared closed
-    (with a falsy annotation value), the corresponding EDM type is closed as well and suffixed
-    with `_closed` (or `_open` vice versa).
-    No further checks are performed on possibly open foreign or primary key types nor on eventually
-    bucket elements to store the additional data.
-
-### Changed
-
-- compiler: Parameter references in filters such as `assoc[field < :Param]` are now allowed.
-- In the compiled CSN, sort the non-enumerable `$sources` property
-  according to the reversed layered extension order.
-- Update OData vocabulary 'Common', 'ODM', 'UI'.
-- to.cdl: If an identifier contains illegal characters (e.g. newline), we no longer produces
-  invalid CDL, but emit an error instead.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Fix spec requirement: "Navigation properties of complex types MUST NOT specify a partner".
-  + Set default target cardinality for unspecified `composition of {}` to `[0..1]`.
-  + Correct referential constraint calculation for `[0..1]` backlink associations.
-- for.hana/for.odata: Reject final unmanaged assoc path step in ON Condition if preceded with `$self`.
-- to.cdl: Parentheses around expressions containing conditions were sometimes missing.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds:
-  + Detect and process calculated elements in functions like `upper`.
-  + Better detection of calculated elements in `.expand`/`.inline`.
-  + Entities with calculated elements sometimes had incorrect types. This happened, for example,
-    if they were marked with `@odata.draft.enabled`
-
-## Version 3.8.2 - 2023-03-30
-
-### Fixed
-
-- parser: Identifiers that are keywords were not allowed in annotation values inside arrays
-- compiler: Compatibility against cds-lsp was restored.
-- to.sql/hdbcds/hdi/edm(x): Fix a crash for sub-queries inside nested expressions of on-conditions of JOINs.
-
-## Version 3.8.0 - 2023-03-27
-
-### Added
-
-- compiler:
-  + Table aliases for sub-queries are no longer required.
-  + A time zone designator can now be used in time literals, e.g. `time'16:41:01+01:30'`or `time'16:41:01Z'`.
-- Calculated elements ("on-read") are now enabled per default.  
-  When used in views, they are replaced by their value, for example:
-  ```cds
-  entity E { one: Integer; two = one + 1; };
-  entity P as projection on E { two };
-  // P is the same as:
-  entity P as projection on E { one + 1 as two };
-  ```
-  This allows to define calculations centrally at the entity, which can be used by
-  other views.
-- In CDL, a ternary operator was added as a shortcut for `CASE` expressions:  
-  `a ? b : c` is a shortcut for `CASE WHEN a THEN b ELSE c END`.  There is no CSN
-  representation. The ternary operator is rendered as a `CASE` expression in CSN.
-- In CDL and CSN, `not null` can now also be used in type definitions.
-- In CDL (and CSN as before), elements can be defined without specifying a type.
-
-### Changed
-
-- API: We now report an error for most backends, if the input CSN has
-  `meta.flavor == 'xtended'`, because only client/inferred CSN is supported.
-- Update OData vocabularies 'PersonalData', 'UI'
-- for.odata: Shortcut annotations `@label`, `@title`, `@description`, `@readonly` are no longer
-  removed from the OData processed CSN.
-- to.cdl:
-  + Annotation arrays are split into multiple lines, if a single line would be too long.
-  + Nested `SELECT`s are put into separate lines to make them more readable.
-  + (Annotation) paths are quoted less often.
-- to.sql: The list of reserved SAP HANA identifiers was updated (for smart quoting).
-
-### Fixed
-
-- The CSN parser now accepts bare `list`s in `columns[]`, similar to the CDL parser.
-- to.cdl:
-  + Delimited identifiers in filters are now surrounded by spaces if necessary, to avoid `]]`
-    being interpreted as an escaped bracket.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Remove empty `Edm.EntityContainer` again. Removal of an empty entity container has been
-    revoked with [3.5.0](#fixed-7) which was wrong. An empty container must not be rendered
-    as it is not spec compliant.
-  + Correctly resolve chained enum symbols.
-  + Fix a program abort during structured rendering in combination with `--odata-foreign-keys`
-    and foreign keys in structured types.
-  + Correctly render paths to nested foreign keys as primary key in structured mode with
-    `--odata-foreign-keys`.
-- to.hdi/to.sql/to.edm(x):
-  + Reject unmanaged associations as ON-condition path end points.
-  + Fix bug in message rendering for tuple expansion.
-  + Correctly detect invalid @sql.append/prepend in projections.
-- to.hdi/to.sql: The list of SAP HANA keywords was updated to the latest version.
-
-### Removed
-
-- for.odata: Undocumented shortcut annotation `@important` has been removed.
-
-
-## Version 3.7.2 - 2023-02-24
-
-### Fixed
-
-- CSN parser: Structured annotations containing `=` were accidentally interpreted as expressions,
-  even though the corresponding beta flag was not set.
-
-
-## Version 3.7.0 - 2023-02-22
-
-### Added
-
-- Several `annotate` statement can append/prepend values
-  to the same array-valued annotation without an `anno-duplicate` error,
-  even if there is no `using from` dependency between the involved sources
-- SQL methods such as `point.ST_X()` can be used in views.
-- The SQL `new` keyword can be used for `ST_*` types such as `new ST_POINT('Point(0.5 0.5)') )`
-
-### Changed
-
-- Update OData vocabularies 'Common', 'Core', 'Measures', 'PDF', 'UI'.
-- to.edm(x): Empty complex types are no longer warned about as they are allowed.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- `parse.cql` and `parse.expr` no longer ignore type arguments such as `cast(field as String(12))`.
-  One argument is interpreted as `length` and two are interpreted as `precision` and `scale`, similar to
-  how custom types and their arguments are interpreted.
-- Previously, the compiler could not always find a unique redirection target if there were
-  one direct projection on the model target and two or more projections on that projection.
-- The performance of compiler-checks for deeply nested expressions/queries has been improved
-- Fix various bugs in Association to Join translation:
-  + Recursive `$self` dereferencing
-  + Correct resolution of table alias in non-bijective `$self` backlink associations in combination with
-    explicit redirection.
-- to.edm(x): Process value help list convenience annotations on unbound action parameters.
-
-
-## Version 3.6.2 - 2023-02-06
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.hdi(.migration): Don't render `-- generated by cds-compiler version` comment at the top of the HDI-based
-  artifacts, as this caused HDI to detect the file as `changed`
-  and redeploy, causing way longer deployment times. Old behavior can be enabled with option `generatedByComment: true`.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds: Correctly handle variables like `$user` in `exists` filters.
-
-## Version 3.6.0 - 2023-01-25
-
-### Added
-
-- API: There are new API functions for `to.cdl`: `smartId`, `smartFunctionId` and `delimitedId`.
-- CDL parser: when defining a parameter for entities, actions or functions,
-  you can use a regular identifier for its name even if that is a reserved name like `in`.
-- The first parameter of a bound action or function can be typed with `$self` or `many $self`
-  even if no type named `$self` exists.
-- If an aspect `sap.common.TextsAspect` exists in the `sap.common` context, it will be included
-  in all `.texts` entities. This allows to extend `.texts` entities via extending the aspect.  
-  Example:
-  ```cds
-  entity E {
-    key id : Integer;
-    content: localized String;
-  }
-  extend sap.common.TextsAspect with {
-    elem: String;
-  };
-  // from @sap/cds common.cds
-  aspect sap.common.TextsAspect {
-    key locale: String;
-  }
-  ```
-- to.edm(x): Support explicit binding parameter `<id>: [many] $self` for OData V4 only.
-  The explicit binding parameter is rendered as any other parameter and `$self` is replaced with
-  the binding type but only if no `$self` definition exists in the model. This gives full control
-  over the binding parameter including name, nullability, default value and annotations.
-  The explicit binding parameter is ignored for OData V2 and has precedence over `@cds.odata.bindingparameter`.
-
-### Changed
-
-- Many messages concerning the CDL and CSN syntax are improved:
-  affects message ids (`syntax-…`), message texts and the error locations.
-- Duplicate doc-comments are now errors, similar to duplicate annotations.
-- Update OData vocabularies 'Aggregation', 'Analytics', 'Capabilities','Common', 'ODM', 'Offline',
-  'PDF', 'Session', 'UI'.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- If an entity with parameters is auto-exposed, the generated projection now has
-  the same formal parameters and its query forwards these parameters to the origin entity.
-- to.hdbcds: Aliases for foreign `keys` were not quoted if necessary.
-- to.cdl:
-  + Aliases for `expand` and foreign `keys` were not quoted if necessary.
-  + Query functions that are CDL keywords were not properly quoted.
-  + CSN `doc` properties containing `*/` resulted in invalid CDL.
-    To avoid compilation issues, `*/` is escaped as `*\/`.
-- to.edm(x): Respect record type hint `$Type` in EDM JSON as  full qualified `@type` URI property.
-
-## Version 3.5.4 - 2023-01-10
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Allow window functions also with a deprecated flag being set.
-- to.edm(x): Fix program abort due to malformed error location in EDM annotation preprocessing.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds: The option `pre2134ReferentialConstraintNames` can be used to omit the referential
-  constraint identifier prefix `c__`.
-
-## Version 3.5.2 - 2022-12-20
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds: Don't process references in actions, as they have no impact on the database - avoids internal errors.
-
-## Version 3.5.0 - 2022-12-07
-
-### Added
-
-- grammar: `localized` is now allowed in select items as well, to force the creation of convenience views.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Validate annotation values of OASIS/SAP vocabulary term definitions against `@Validation.AllowedValues`.
-  + Reveal dangling type references in produced EDM.
-  + `@Capabilities` 'pull up' introduced with [3.3.0](#version-330---2022-09-29) must now be switched
-    on with option `odataCapabilitiesPullup`.
-- If option `addTextsLanguageAssoc` is set but ignored by the compiler, an info message is emitted.
-  This can happen if, e.g., the `sap.common.Languages` entity is missing.
-- Add OData vocabularies 'Offline' and 'PDF'.
-
-### Changed
-
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Vocabulary references to `Common` and `Core` are added to the generated EDM by default to allow
-    usage of these vocabularies in http messages even if the terms are not being used in the EDM itself.
-  + API representation of enum types as `@Validation.AllowedValues` has been shifted from `for.odata` to
-    `to.edm(x)`. This allows to reuse imported enum types in new APIs.
-  + Messages raised from the EDM annotation renderer have been reworked with message id and enhanced message
-    position including the annotation under investigation.
-  + `@Validation.AllowedValues` annotation as introduced for enum elements with v1.44.2
-    are now always rendered into the API regardless of `@assert.range`.
-- to.cdl: The input CSN is no longer cloned for client-CSN and parseCdl-CSN,
-  as the renderer does not modify it.
-- A new warning is emitted if compositions of anonymous aspects are used with the `Association`
-  keyword instead of `Composition`. Replace the former with the latter to fix the warning.
-- The previous info messages about annotating undefined artifacts (e.g. `anno-undefined-art`)
-  are now warnings.
-
-### Removed
-
-- to.edm(x): 'Empty Schema' warning has been removed.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Enums with a structured base type were accidentally not warned about if used in annotation definitions.
-- for.odata/for.hana: Instead of parenthesising tuple expansion with `()`, put
-  newly created expression in a `xpr` expression, if the term has more than one expansion.
-- Annotation on indirect or inferred enum values were sometimes lost
-- to.cdl:
-  + Certain keywords of special functions no longer add superfluous parentheses.
-  + Extension rendering now supports type extensions as well as `key` for elements.
-  + Builtins that clashed names with implicit contexts were not rendered with `cds.` prefix.
-  + Unknown artifacts (as can happen in parseCdl-style CSN) are now rendered as `USING` statements.
-  + Type extensions in `csn.extensions` (e.g. for `length`) are now rendered.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Fix a bug in type exposure when using `@cds.external` complex types.
-  + Don't remove empty `Edm.EntityContainer`.
-  + Aspects with actions outside of services are no longer warned about.
-- for.hana: Fix a foreign key replacement bug during association to join translation.
-
-## Version 3.4.4 - 2022-11-25
-
-### Fixed
-
-- compiler: CSN flavor `gensrc` (known as `xtended` in `@sap/cds`) lost annotations
-  on enum values and projection columns.
-
-## Version 3.4.2 - 2022-11-11
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Don't propagate `@cds.external` (The CDS Importer adds `@cds.external` for all
-  imported definitions beginning with cds-dk@6.3.0, see CAP release log).
-- for.odata: Ignore all `@cds.external` definitions.
-- to.sql: For sql dialect `h2`, don't turn a Decimal with length 0 into a Decfloat.
-- Extending a projection with an aspect could result in incorrect auto-redirection.
-- Annotations of aspects were not properly propagated to projections under some order-specific circumstances.
-
-## Version 3.4.0 - 2022-10-26
-
-### Added
-
-- to.sql: Add support for sql dialect `h2`, which renders SQL for H2 2.x.
-- Projections can now be extended by annotation-only aspects, e.g. `extend P with MyAspect;`.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Properly report an error for bare `$self` references,
-  except in the `on` condition of unmanaged associations.
-- Do not dump with references to CDS variables like `$now` in `expand`/`inline`.
-- Properly report an error when trying to `cast` a column to an association.
-- to.cdl: Identifiers that are always keywords in special functions are now escaped.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Nested annotation was not applied if outer annotation has value zero.
-  + Fix `AppliesTo=ComplexType, TypeDefinition` term definition directive.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds:
-  + Properly report an error for `exists` with `$self.managed-association`
-  + For sql dialect `hana`, add an implicit alias when using `:param` in the select list
-  + Handle `$self` and magic variables during expansion of nested projections
-
-## Version 3.3.2 - 2022-09-30
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.edm(x): Set `Scale` (V4) or `@sap:variable-scale` (V2) attributes correctly when overwriting `cds.Decimal`
-  with `@odata.Scale`.
-- to.sql: For dialect `postgres`, add braces around `$now`, `$at.from` and `$at.to`.
-
-## Version 3.3.0 - 2022-09-29
-
-### Added
-
-- Nested projections can be used without `beta` option:
-  + Support `expand`: columns can look like `assoc_or_struct_or_tabalias { col_expression1, … }`,
-    `longer.ref as name { *, … } excluding { … }`, `{ col_expression1 as sub1, … } as name`, etc.
-  + Support `inline`: columns can look like `assoc_or_struct_or_tabalias.{ col_expression1, … }`,
-    `longer.ref[filter = condition].{ *, … } excluding { … }`, `assoc_or_struct_or_tabalias.*`, etc.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds/edm(x)/for.odata: Allow to structure comparison against `is [not] null`.
-- to.sql: Support dialect `postgres` - generates SQL intended for PostgreSQL. Not supported are `cds.hana` data types and views with parameters.
-
-### Changed
-
-- A valid redirection target does not depend on parameters anymore.  This
-  change could induce a redirection error, which could easily solved by assigning
-  `@cds.redirection.target: false` to the entity with “non-matching” parameters.
-- Properly issue an error when projecting associations with parameter
-  references in the `on` condition.  Before this change, the compiler dumped
-  when projecting such an association in a view on top.
-- Update OData vocabularies 'Capabilities', 'Common', 'UI'.
-- to.cdl:
-  + Extensions are now always put into property `model` of `to.cdl()`s result.
-  + Actions on views and projections are now rendered as part of the definition, instead of an extension.
-- to.edm(x): `@Capabilities` 'pull up' supports all counterpart properties of `@Capabilities.NavigationPropertyRestriction`
-  except for properties `NavigationProperty` and `Navigability`.
-- to.hdi: Updated list of `keywords` which must be quoted in naming mode `plain`.
-- to.sql/hdi/hdbcds/edm(x)/for.odata: Reject structure comparison with operators `<,>,<=,>=`. Message id `expr-unexpected-operator`
-  is downgradable to a warning.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Do not issue a warning anymore when adding elements via multiple `extend` statements in the same file.
-- An info message for annotating builtins through `extend` statements is now reported, similar to `annotate`.
-- Fix auto-redirection for target of new assoc in query entity
-- for.odata: `@readonly/insertonly/mandatory: false` are not expanded.
-
-## Version 3.2.0 - 2022-08-30
-
-### Added
-
-- New Integer types with these mappings:
-
-  | CDS       | OData     | SQL      | HANA CDS      |
-  | --------- | --------- | -------- | ------------- |
-  | cds.UInt8 | Edm.Byte  | TINYINT  | hana.TINYINT  |
-  | cds.Int16 | Edm.Int16 | SMALLINT | hana.SMALLINT |
-  | cds.Int32 | Edm.Int32 | INTEGER  | cds.Integer   |
-  | cds.Int64 | Edm.Int64 | BIGINT   | cds.Integer64 |
-
-- Properties of type definitions and types of direct elements can now be extended,
-  e.g. `extend T with (length: 10);`
-
-- CDL parser: support SQL function `substr_regexpr` with its special argument syntax.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- An internal dump could have occurred in certain situations
-  for models with cyclic type definitions.
-- Annotations on inferred enum elements of views were lost during recompilation.
-- to.cdl: Annotations on enum value in query elements were lost.
-- for.odata: Allow dynamic shortcut annotation values (`$edmJson`).
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Don't overwrite annotations of input model.
-  + Ignore `null` values in `$edmJson` strings.
-- to.hdi.migration: Don't interpret bound action changes as element changes.
-
-## Version 3.1.2 - 2022-08-19
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.edm(x):
-  + `@Capabilities` 'pull up' for containment trees should not prefix the
-    dynamic annotation paths of the root container.
-  + Remove service namespace prefix of a parameter type for function/action annotation targets
-    in multi schema mode if the parameter type is defined in an alternative schema.
-
-## Version 3.1.0 - 2022-08-04
-
-### Added
-
-- Extending an artifact with multiple includes in one extend statement is now possible:
-  `extend SomeEntity with FirstInclude, SecondInclude;`
-- Aspects can now have actions and functions, similar to entities.  Aspects can be extended by actions as well.
-- `cdsc`:
-  + `toCsn` now supports `--with-locations` which adds a `$location` property to artifacts
-  + `toHana`/`toSql` now supports `--disable-hana-comments`, which disables rendering of doc-comments for HANA.
-- to.hdi/sql/hdbcds: Support FK-access in `ORDER BY` and `GROUP BY`
-- to.hdi.migration: Detect an implicit change from `not null` to `null` and render corresponding `ALTER`
-
-### Changed
-
-- compiler: If an unknown file extension is used but the file starts with
-  an opening curly brace (`{`), it will be parsed as CSN.
-- to.edm(x): In V4 containment mode, pull up `@Capabilities` annotations from the containees to the root container (set)
-  and translate them into corresponding `@Capabilities.NavigationRestrictions`. If a `NavigationRestriction` is already available
-  for that containment path, capabilities are merged into this path. Capability annotation value paths are prefixed with
-  the navigation restriction path.
-  The capability 'pull up' has an effect on entity annotations only. `@Capabilities` assignments on compositions are not pulled
-  up but rendered to the association type which is important to enable dynamic capabilities on 'to-many' relations and to avoid
-  ambiguities in entity set capabilities.
-- Update OData vocabularies 'Analytics', 'Capabilities', 'Common', 'Core', 'DataIntegration', 'Graph', 'PersonalData', 'UI', 'Validation'.
-
-### Fixed
-
-- Syntax of date/time literals are now checked against ISO 8601. If the format is invalid, a warning is emitted.
-- The code completion directly after the `(` for functions with special syntax
-  now suggests all valid keywords, like for `extract` or `locate_regexpr`.
-- compiler:
-  + `cast(elem as EnumType)` crashed the compiler.
-  + Annotations on sub-elements in query entities were lost during re-compilation.
-  + An association's cardinality was lost for new associations published in projections.
-  + Annotations on indirect action parameters were lost in CSN flavor `gensrc`.
-  + Re-allow `annotate` statements referring to the same element twice,
-    even if there are annotation assignments for sub elements.
-  + If a file's content starts with `{` and if neither file extension is known nor
-    `fallbackParser` is set, assume the source is CSN.
-- all backends: references in `order by` _expressions_ are correctly resolved.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Allow cross service references for unmanaged associations and improve warning message for muted associations.
-  + Nested `@UI.TextArrangement` has precedence over `@TextArrangement` shortcut annotation for `@Common.Text`.
-- to.hdi.migration:
-  + Doc comments rendered the _full doc comment_ instead of only the first paragraph, as `to.hdi` does.
-  + Respect option `disableHanaComments` when rendering the `ALTER` statements
-- to.hdi/sql/hdbcds:
-  + Check for invalid usages of `$self` and give helpful errors
-  + Correctly resolve association-steps in the from-clause in conjunction with `exists`
-
-## Version 3.0.2 - 2022-07-05
-
-### Fixed
-
-- to.sql: For `sqlDialect` `plain`, `$now` is replaced by `CURRENT_TIMESTAMP` again.
-- compiler:
-  + Don't crash if a USING filename is invalid on the operating system, e.g. if `\0` is used.
-  + Info messages for annotations on localized convenience views are only emitted for unknown ones.
-  + Improve error message for an `extend` statement which had added a new element
-    and tried to extend that element further.  Similarly for a new action.
-    (If you consider this really of any use, use two `extend` statements.)
-- for.odata: expand `@readonly`/`@insertonly` on aspects as for entities into `@Capabilities`.
-- to.edm(x):
-  + Exclude managed association as primary key on value list annotation preprocessing.
-  + Don't render annotations for aspects defined in a service.
-
-## Version 3.0.0 - 2022-06-23
-
-### Added
-
-- Instead of requiring all files on startup, they are required on an as-needed basis to reduce startup times.
-- CDL parser: support SQL functions `locate_regexpr`, `occurrences_regexpr`,
-  `replace_regexpr` and `substring_regexpr` with their special argument syntax.
-- CDL parser: the names `trim` and `extract` are not reserved anymore.
-
-### Changed
-
-- cds-compiler now requires Node 14.
-- `compile()` and its derivates now use `fs.realpath.native()` instead of `fs.realpath()`.
-- CDL parser:
-  + Multi-line doc comments without leading `*` were inconsistently trimmed.
-  + As before, a structure value for an annotation assignment in a CDL source is flattened,
-    i.e. `@Anno: { foo: 1, @bar: 2 }` becomes `@Anno.foo: 1 @Anno.@bar: 2`.
-    Now, the structure property name `$value` is basically ignored:
-    `@Anno: { $value: 1, @bar: 2 }` becomes `@Anno: 1 @Anno.@bar: 2`.
-    The advantage is that overwriting or appending the annotation value works as expected.
-  + Keywords `not null` is only valid after `many String enum {...}` and no longer after `String`.
-- `@cds.persistence.skip` and `@cds.persistence.exists` are both copied to generated child artifacts
-  such as localized convenience views, texts entities and managed compositions.
-- Update OData vocabularies 'Common', 'UI'.
-- (Sub-)Elements of localized convenience views can now be annotated, e.g. `annotate localized.E:elem`.
-- `getArtifactCdsPersistenceName` now enforces the `csn` argument and can optionally have the `sqlDialect` passed in.
-- `getElementCdsPersistenceName` can optionally have the `sqlDialect` passed in.
-
-### Removed
-
-- All v2 deprecated flags.
-- Keyword `masked`.
-- CDL parser: `*` is not parsed anymore as argument to all SQL functions;
-  it is now only allowed for `count`, `min`, `max`, `sum`, `avg`, `stddev`, `var`.
-- All non-SNAPI options.
+- beta feature `v5preview`