@sanoma-ai/workflows 0.0.0-stage → 0.1.0

package/src/ast.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import { readFileSync } from "node:fs";
+import { parseSync, visitorKeys } from "oxc-parser";
+import { errorMessage } from "./shared.ts";
+
+// What the lints, the outline and the data-file reader share: one way to parse a file, walk it
+// and say where in it a problem is.
+
+/** oxc-parser's ESTree nodes, read by shape. */
+export type Node = any;
+
+/** Parses TypeScript, which covers the JavaScript a built package holds, as a module; a `.tsx` or `.jsx` file with its JSX. */
+export const parse = (filename: string, source: string) =>
+  parseSync(filename, source, {
+    lang: /\.[jt]sx$/.test(filename) ? "tsx" : "ts",
+    sourceType: "module",
+    preserveParens: false,
+  });
+
+// The keys that hold types, not code: nothing the lint or the outline looks for is in them.
+const TYPE_KEYS = new Set([
+  "typeAnnotation",
+  "typeParameters",
+  "returnType",
+  "typeArguments",
+  "superTypeArguments",
+  "implements",
+]);
+
+const CODE_KEYS = new Map(
+  Object.entries(visitorKeys).map(([type, keys]) => [type, keys.filter((key) => !TYPE_KEYS.has(key))]),
+);
+
+/** A node's children in source order, by oxc-parser's `visitorKeys`, without its types. A hole in a list is `null`. */
+export const childrenOf = (node: Node): Node[] => (CODE_KEYS.get(node.type) ?? []).flatMap((key) => node[key] ?? []);
+
+/**
+ * The offset each line of `source` starts at, from line 1, and one past the end of the text as
+ * the start of the line after the last: where each line ends is the next start, less its `\n`.
+ */
+export const lineStartsOf = (source: string): number[] => {
+  const lineStarts = [0];
+  for (let i = 0; i < source.length; i++) if (source[i] === "\n") lineStarts.push(i + 1);
+  lineStarts.push(source.length + 1);
+  return lineStarts;
+};
+
+/** Where an offset into `source` is, as a line and a column, both from 1. */
+export function locator(source: string): (offset: number) => { line: number; column: number } {
+  const lineStarts = lineStartsOf(source);
+  return (offset) => {
+    let line = 0;
+    while (line + 1 < lineStarts.length && lineStarts[line + 1]! <= offset) line++;
+    return { line: line + 1, column: offset - lineStarts[line]! + 1 };
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The offset into a text of a line and column, both from 1, as a stack frame gives them, from
+ * the text's `lineStartsOf`; or undefined when the text has no such line, or the line no such
+ * column (a frame mapped wrong must not land in the next line). The column is taken as a UTF-16
+ * unit index, as V8 counts it.
+ */
+export function offsetOf(lineStarts: readonly number[], line: number, column: number): number | undefined {
+  const start = lineStarts[line - 1];
+  const next = lineStarts[line];
+  if (line < 1 || column < 1 || start === undefined || next === undefined) return undefined;
+  const offset = start + column - 1;
+  return offset < next - 1 ? offset : undefined;
+}
+
+/** Something wrong in a file, at a line and column from 1. */
+export interface LintProblem {
+  line: number;
+  column: number;
+  message: string;
+}
+
+/** A file parsed, its syntax errors as problems, and offsets as lines and columns from 1. */
+export function parsed(source: string, filename: string) {
+  const { program, errors } = parse(filename, source);
+  const at = locator(source);
+  const problems: LintProblem[] = errors.map((e) => ({
+    ...at(e.labels?.[0]?.start ?? 0),
+    message: `syntax: ${e.message}`,
+  }));
+  return { program: program as Node, problems, at };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A file read and parsed once, for the outline and the lint alike: its text with `\n` line
+ * endings (CodeMirror counts a line break as one unit, oxc counts `\r\n` as two, and spans need
+ * `\n` alone), its program, offsets as lines and columns, and its syntax problems.
+ */
+export interface SourceFile {
+  file: string;
+  source: string;
+  program: Node;
+  at: (offset: number) => { line: number; column: number };
+  problems: LintProblem[];
+}
+
+/** Reads and parses `file`; or why it could not be read, as a message naming it. */
+export function readSource(file: string): SourceFile | string {
+  let source: string;
+  try {
+    source = readFileSync(file, "utf8").replaceAll("\r\n", "\n");
+  } catch (err) {
+    return `${file} could not be read: ${errorMessage(err)}`;
+  }
+  return { file, source, ...parsed(source, file) };
+}
+
+/** Problems in the order of their place in the file. */
+export const byPosition = <P extends Omit<LintProblem, "message">>(problems: P[]): P[] =>
+  problems.toSorted((a, b) => a.line - b.line || a.column - b.column);

package/src/call.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+import { DBOS, DBOSWorkflowConflictError, Error as DBOSErrors } from "@dbos-inc/dbos-sdk";
+import { awaitApproval, type CheckedApproval } from "./approvals.ts";
+import { offsetOf } from "./ast.ts";
+import {
+  AllMembers,
+  type ApprovalRequest,
+  ApprovalRequestSchema,
+  SleepFor,
+  type SleepRequest,
+  SleepUntil,
+  scriptPath,
+  type Use,
+  type WorkflowDefinition,
+} from "./define.ts";
+import {
+  causes,
+  errorCode,
+  errorInfo,
+  isFinal,
+  keepCode,
+  parseOrThrow,
+  PolicyDeniedError,
+  SanomaError,
+} from "./errors.ts";
+import { currentGroup, entry, skipped, write, writeFailure } from "./ledger.ts";
+import { shown } from "./log.ts";
+import { type CallContext, isOp, type Op } from "./op.ts";
+import { callAt, callName, type CallNode } from "./outline.ts";
+import { DecisionSchema, type PolicyCall, policyOpOf, type RecordedDecision } from "./policy.ts";
+import type { Run, WorkerState } from "./run.ts";
+import { approverLabel, errorMessage, fitsOp } from "./shared.ts";
+
+/** DBOS took the run from this execution: it cancelled the run, or another process took it over. */
+const takenByDbos = (err: unknown) =>
+  causes(err).some((e) => e instanceof DBOSErrors.DBOSWorkflowCancelledError || e instanceof DBOSWorkflowConflictError);
+
+/**
+ * True for a failure that is not the run's outcome, so the ledger does not record it: DBOS
+ * cancelled the run or another process took it over, or the run's worker is stopping and the
+ * error has none of our codes. `stop()` marks the worker stopped before DBOS shuts down, so from
+ * then on whatever fails without a code (DBOS's "system database has been shut down", pg's
+ * closed pool) is the shutdown, and the run recovered on the next worker records how it ends.
+ * A coded failure then (a driver's final answer, a denial, a rejection) is still the outcome:
+ * DBOS records the run's error and never runs it again, so the ledger records it too. Narrower
+ * than `isRunControlError`: DBOS's other errors (a run that is not deterministic) end the run
+ * for good, and are recorded.
+ */
+export function isInfrastructureError(err: unknown, state: Pick<WorkerState, "stopped">): boolean {
+  return takenByDbos(err) || (state.stopped && errorCode(err) === undefined);
+}
+
+/** The value as the ledger records it: each of the operation's `opaque` fields as `"<name>"`. */
+function recorded(op: Op, value: unknown): unknown {
+  if (!op.opaque?.length || typeof value !== "object" || value === null || Array.isArray(value)) return value;
+  const out: Record<string, unknown> = { ...value };
+  for (const name of op.opaque) if (out[name] !== undefined) out[name] = `<${name}>`;
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** How many times an idempotent operation is tried. */
+const MAX_ATTEMPTS = 3;
+
+// Matched by name too, since a workflow's schemas may come from another copy of zod.
+const isSchemaError = (err: unknown) => err instanceof Error && err.name === "ZodError";
+
+/**
+ * Whether DBOS should try an idempotent step again: not when the reply failed the output
+ * schema (it would fail again), and not when the driver said the vendor's answer is final
+ * (a `DriverError` with `retryable: false`, such as a 4xx). Read by code and property, never
+ * `instanceof`: the error may come from another copy of this package.
+ */
+function shouldRetry(err: unknown): boolean {
+  if (isSchemaError(err)) return false;
+  return !(errorCode(err) === "driver_failed" && isFinal(err));
+}
+
+/*
+ * A run's ctx calls run one at a time, in program order, even when the workflow starts several
+ * at once (Promise.all). Every DBOS call (a step, now, sleep, setEvent, recv) takes the run's
+ * next function id when it starts, and a replay matches each recorded result to a call by that
+ * id. Calls left to run concurrently would take ids in the order their earlier awaits happened
+ * to resolve, which differs between the first execution and a replay that reads results back
+ * from the database, and so would the ledger's `seq` and the approval ids. Queued, each call
+ * starts once the one before it has settled, so the order is the order the workflow made them.
+ */
+function serial<T>(run: Run, call: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
+  // A failure rejects its caller; the calls queued after it still run, since the workflow may
+  // have caught it. Once the workflow body itself has ended, nothing queued may run. The body
+  // awaits only ctx calls, so one macrotask after the call before settles, the body has either
+  // caught the failure and gone on or ended; the rejection alone reaches it in the same
+  // microtask flush that would start this call.
+  const next = run.tail
+    .then(() => new Promise((r) => setImmediate(r)))
+    .then(() => {
+      refuseIfEnded(run);
+      return call();
+    });
+  // Settled either way, and holding nothing: the queue keeps neither the output nor the error.
+  run.tail = next.then(noop, noop);
+  return next;
+}
+
+const noop = () => {};
+
+/** Throws once the workflow body has returned or thrown: a call left queued must not run then. */
+function refuseIfEnded(run: Run) {
+  if (run.ended) {
+    throw new SanomaError("run_ended", `run ${run.id} has ended; a call queued behind its failure was not made`, {
+      runId: run.id,
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Where a call is, as its records say: its outline node's `path`, and the step's name, as the
+ * outline resolved it (`OutlineNode`'s `name`), or for a call the outline could not name, the
+ * operation a computed id called, or an approval's title that is no literal.
+ */
+export interface Placed {
+  node: string;
+  name: string;
+}
+
+/** The step's name the outline gives a call's node: none for a computed op without one, or an approval's title that is no literal. */
+const named = (node: CallNode) => ("name" in node ? node.name : undefined);
+
+/**
+ * The run's `ctx`: the operations and built-ins its workflow `uses`, and nothing else. Every
+ * member that writes a record is placed in the outline where the workflow calls it (`placeCall`)
+ * and goes through the run's queue (`serial`), its records carrying the node and the step's
+ * name; `ctx.now()` only reads the clock, queued, and `ctx.runId` is a value. `ctx.all` alone
+ * skips the queue: it makes no DBOS call or record itself, it only calls its members, whose ctx
+ * calls are queued. Queued, it would hold the queue until its members settled, and their calls,
+ * queued behind it, would never start.
+ */
+export function buildCtx(wf: WorkflowDefinition<any, any>, run: Run): any {
+  const uses = wf.uses as readonly Use[];
+  /** A member placed where it is called, then `call`ed with its node. A refusal rejects, as a member's failure always has. */
+  const placed = (what: string, call: (node: CallNode, ...args: any[]) => Promise<unknown>) =>
+    async function member(...args: unknown[]) {
+      return call(placeCall(run, member, what), ...args);
+    };
+  const members: Record<string, any> = {};
+  for (const op of uses.filter(isOp)) {
+    const vendor = (members[op.vendor] ??= {});
+    const resource = (vendor[op.resource] ??= {});
+    resource[op.name] = placed(op.id, (node, input) =>
+      serial(run, () => callOp(run, op.id, input, { node: node.path, name: named(node) ?? op.id })),
+    );
+  }
+  members.runId = run.id;
+  members.now = () => serial(run, () => DBOS.now());
+  if (uses.includes("approval")) {
+    members.approval = placed("approval", (node, title: string, req: ApprovalRequest) =>
+      serial(run, () =>
+        awaitApproval(run, title, checkApproval(title, req), { node: node.path, name: named(node) ?? title }),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+  if (uses.includes("sleep")) {
+    members.sleep = placed("sleep", (node, req) =>
+      // The outline names every sleep.
+      serial(run, () => sleep(run, req, { node: node.path, name: named(node)! })),
+    );
+  }
+  if (uses.includes("all")) members.all = placed("all", (node, list) => all(run, list, node.path));
+  return guarded(members, "ctx", wf.name);
+}
+
+/** `members`, each object in it included, refusing any member not in it (`strict`). */
+function guarded(members: Record<string, unknown>, path: string, workflow: string): Record<string, unknown> {
+  const out: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(members)) {
+    out[key] =
+      typeof value === "object" && value !== null
+        ? guarded(value as Record<string, unknown>, `${path}.${key}`, workflow)
+        : value;
+  }
+  return strict(out, path, workflow);
+}
+
+/** Where a `ctx` member was called from, as a stack frame says. */
+interface CallSite {
+  file: string;
+  line: number;
+  column: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The frame above `fn`, the `ctx` member running, read from a stack trace rather than
+ * `util.getCallSites`: a test runner that transforms the source maps the trace back to it, and
+ * Node runs TypeScript stripped in place, so the position is the file's either way. One frame is
+ * captured: the rest would only be formatted and dropped.
+ */
+function callSite(fn: Function): CallSite | undefined {
+  const holder: { stack?: string } = {};
+  const limit = Error.stackTraceLimit;
+  Error.stackTraceLimit = 1;
+  try {
+    Error.captureStackTrace(holder, fn);
+  } finally {
+    Error.stackTraceLimit = limit;
+  }
+  // `at run (/dir/file.ts:21:37)`, `at /dir/file.ts:21:37` or `at async run (file:///dir/file.ts:21:37)`.
+  const frame = holder.stack?.split("\n")[1]?.trim();
+  const m = frame === undefined ? null : /^at (?:.*?\()?(.+?):(\d+):(\d+)\)?$/.exec(frame);
+  const file = m && scriptPath(m[1]);
+  return file ? { file, line: Number(m[2]), column: Number(m[3]) } : undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The outline node the workflow calls a `ctx` member at: the call whose code holds the position
+ * the workflow called from (`callSite`). `what` is the member's path on `ctx` (`ghost.post.create`,
+ * `approval`, `all`). The outline refuses most ways around it before a run (`outlineBody`'s
+ * problems); this is the run's own check, for what reaches a `ctx` member from code the outline
+ * has no node for: another file, a function defined inside `run` the outline does not read,
+ * `arguments`, or a node of another kind. The run fails with `call_not_in_outline`, and every
+ * record the call writes names the node, so a run's steps are the outline's calls and nothing else.
+ */
+function placeCall(run: Run, fn: Function, what: string): CallNode {
+  const { outline, workflow } = run;
+  const site = callSite(fn);
+  if (!site) throw notInOutline(run, what, site, "which the outline cannot place");
+  if (site.file !== outline.file)
+    throw notInOutline(run, what, site, `which is not in ${workflow}'s file ${outline.file}`);
+  const offset = offsetOf(outline.lineStarts, site.line, site.column);
+  const node = offset === undefined ? undefined : callAt(outline.calls, offset);
+  if (!node) throw notInOutline(run, what, site, `which is no ctx call in ${workflow}'s outline`);
+  // The member called is the node's call: `ctx.all` at an `all` or `each`, an operation at its op.
+  if (!fitsOp(callName(node), what)) throw notInOutline(run, what, site, `where the outline has ctx.${callName(node)}`);
+  return node;
+}
+
+function notInOutline(run: Run, what: string, site: CallSite | undefined, why: string): SanomaError {
+  const where = site ? `${site.file}:${site.line}:${site.column}` : "a place the stack does not show";
+  return new SanomaError(
+    "call_not_in_outline",
+    `ctx.${what} was called from ${where}, ${why}: call ctx directly in run, not from a helper or a function ` +
+      "defined inside run (inline it), so the run's graph shows the call",
+    { call: `ctx.${what}`, site: where, workflow: run.workflow },
+  );
+}
+
+/** Refuses anything not declared in `uses`, with a message that says so. */
+function strict<T extends object>(obj: T, path: string, workflow: string): T {
+  return new Proxy(obj, {
+    get(target, key, receiver) {
+      if (typeof key === "symbol" || key === "then" || key in target) return Reflect.get(target, key, receiver);
+      throw new Error(`${path}.${key} is not available: add it to \`uses\` in workflow "${workflow}"`);
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+/** Checks a policy's answer, and copies it so nothing else the policy returned is recorded. */
+function checkDecision(decision: unknown, opId: string): RecordedDecision {
+  const parsed = DecisionSchema.safeParse(decision);
+  if (parsed.success) return parsed.data;
+  const why = parsed.error.issues[0]?.message ?? "not a decision";
+  throw new Error(
+    `The policy returned ${shown(decision)} for ${opId}: ${why}; use allow(), deny(reason) or approve(approver)`,
+  );
+}
+
+/** The resource instance the call acts on, from the operation's `target`, when it declares one. */
+function targetOf(op: Op, input: unknown): { target?: string } {
+  if (!op.target) return {};
+  const target: unknown = op.target(input);
+  if (typeof target !== "string") {
+    throw new Error(`${op.id}: \`target\` returned ${typeof target}, not a string`);
+  }
+  return { target };
+}
+
+/** Asks the policy. Runs inside a step, so it must have no side effects of its own. */
+async function decide(run: Run, op: Op, input: unknown): Promise<RecordedDecision> {
+  const call: PolicyCall = {
+    op: policyOpOf(op),
+    effect: op.effect,
+    ...targetOf(op, input),
+    input,
+    actor: run.actor,
+    run: { id: run.id, workflow: run.workflow, approvals: structuredClone(run.approvals) },
+  };
+  let answer: unknown;
+  try {
+    answer = await run.state.policy(call);
+  } catch (err) {
+    // Named here, so the run's error and the ledger say which call the policy failed on, with
+    // the code the policy's error had.
+    if (isInfrastructureError(err, run.state)) throw err;
+    throw keepCode(new Error(`The policy failed deciding ${op.id}: ${errorMessage(err)}`, { cause: err }), err);
+  }
+  const decision = checkDecision(answer, op.id);
+  const policyVersion = run.state.policy.version;
+  return policyVersion === undefined ? decision : { ...decision, policyVersion };
+}
+
+async function callOp(run: Run, id: string, input: unknown, place: Placed) {
+  // The worker's declaration, never the workflow's: its effect, schemas and retry setting.
+  const op = run.state.ops.get(id);
+  // A sandbox run calls its own fakes, never a vendor.
+  const fn = run.sandbox === undefined ? run.state.drivers.get(id) : run.fakeDrivers?.get(id);
+  if (!op || !fn) {
+    throw new Error(
+      run.sandbox === undefined
+        ? `No connector or driver for ${id} in this worker`
+        : `No connector or fake for ${id} in this worker: no fake its connectors attach implements it`,
+    );
+  }
+  const parsed = parseOrThrow(op.input, input, `The input to ${op.id} does not match its schema`, { op: op.id });
+  // The call's identity (its ledger seq and id, and the driver's idempotency key) is taken
+  // before the first await, so it depends only on the order the workflow made its calls. A
+  // replay skips the step bodies but counts the same way. A call held for an approval is
+  // numbered before the approval's records, so its op.called sorts ahead of them.
+  const seq = run.seq++;
+  // The decision is recorded as a step, so a replay reuses it instead of asking a policy
+  // that may have changed since. The policy must still be deterministic: a run that fails
+  // before the step is recorded asks again.
+  const decision = await DBOS.runStep(() => decide(run, op, parsed), { name: `policy:${op.id}` });
+  const logged = recorded(op, parsed);
+  const call = { type: "op.called", op: op.id, ...place, effect: op.effect, input: logged, decision } as const;
+
+  if (decision.kind === "deny") {
+    const err = new PolicyDeniedError(op.id, decision.reason);
+    await writeFailure(run, entry(run, { ...call, error: errorInfo(err), durationMs: 0 }, { seq }), err);
+    throw err;
+  }
+  if (decision.kind === "approve") {
+    const title = decision.title ?? `${op.id} needs ${approverLabel(decision.approver)}`;
+    // A hold covers the call it held, and any other operations the policy named.
+    const covers = [...new Set([op.id, ...(decision.covers ?? [])])];
+    try {
+      await awaitApproval(run, title, { approver: decision.approver, covers }, place, {
+        op: op.id,
+        seq,
+        input: logged,
+      });
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (errorCode(err) === "approval_rejected") {
+        const approval = (err as SanomaError).data.approvalId as string;
+        const record = entry(run, { ...call, approval, error: errorInfo(err), durationMs: 0 }, { seq });
+        await writeFailure(run, record, err);
+      }
+      throw err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const started = Date.now();
+  // The try DBOS is on, as it passes it to the step. The last try's error is not retried, so
+  // DBOS records and throws it as the vendor gave it, never wrapped with the others.
+  let attempt: number | undefined;
+  let result: { output: unknown; at: number; durationMs: number; attempt: number };
+  try {
+    result = await DBOS.runStep(
+      async () => {
+        const at = Date.now();
+        attempt = DBOS.stepStatus?.currentAttempt ?? 1;
+        const context: CallContext = { idempotencyKey: `${run.id}:${seq}`, runId: run.id, opId: op.id, attempt };
+        // A live driver's `env` is checked here, inside the step, by the guard `indexDrivers` put
+        // on its function: the refusal is the call's failure, recorded and never retried.
+        const output = op.output.parse(await fn(parsed, context));
+        return { output, at, durationMs: Date.now() - at, attempt };
+      },
+      {
+        name: op.id,
+        retriesAllowed: op.idempotent,
+        maxAttempts: MAX_ATTEMPTS,
+        shouldRetry: (e) => shouldRetry(e) && (attempt ?? 1) < MAX_ATTEMPTS,
+      },
+    );
+  } catch (err) {
+    // The step failed for good; on replay DBOS rethrows the recorded error, and this record
+    // gets the same id. A success record would too, so a call has one op.called at most.
+    const record = entry(
+      run,
+      { ...call, error: errorInfo(err), durationMs: Date.now() - started, ...(attempt ? { attempt } : {}) },
+      { seq, at: started },
+    );
+    if (isInfrastructureError(err, run.state)) skipped(record, `the call was interrupted (${errorMessage(err)})`);
+    else await writeFailure(run, record, err);
+    throw err;
+  }
+  const { output, at, durationMs } = result;
+  try {
+    await write(
+      run,
+      entry(run, { ...call, output: recorded(op, output), durationMs, attempt: result.attempt }, { seq, at }),
+    );
+  } catch (err) {
+    // The vendor acted, and nothing records it. A workflow that caught this and called again
+    // would repeat the side effect under a new key, so the run makes no further calls.
+    run.ended = true;
+    throw new Error(`${op.id} succeeded, but the ledger could not record it: ${errorMessage(err)}`, { cause: err });
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks a `ctx.approval` request before any DBOS call, so a bad one fails the run with
+ * `invalid_input`: who may decide it, and the operations it covers, as ids (none unless named).
+ */
+function checkApproval(title: string, req: ApprovalRequest): CheckedApproval {
+  const checked = parseOrThrow(ApprovalRequestSchema, req, `ctx.approval("${title}")`, { title });
+  return { ...checked, covers: checked.covers ?? [] };
+}
+
+/** Checks a sleep request before any DBOS call, so a bad one fails the run with `invalid_input`. */
+function checkSleep(req: unknown): SleepRequest {
+  const timed = typeof req === "object" && req !== null && "until" in req;
+  return parseOrThrow(timed ? SleepUntil : SleepFor, req, `ctx.sleep(${shown(req)})`);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calls the members one after another, each awaited before the next starts, each inside its
+ * group (`currentGroup`), so every record its calls write carries it. The first failure stops
+ * the group and is rethrown as it is. The id is the run's next `seq` when ctx.all begins, which
+ * depends only on the calls made before it, so a replay names the group the same.
+ */
+async function all(run: Run, list: unknown, node: string): Promise<unknown[]> {
+  const outer = currentGroup.getStore();
+  if (outer) {
+    throw new SanomaError("invalid_input", "ctx.all cannot be nested: a member of a ctx.all called ctx.all", {
+      group: outer.id,
+    });
+  }
+  // Two groups' calls would interleave on the run's queue, and neither would read as one fan-out.
+  if (run.inAll) throw new SanomaError("invalid_input", "a ctx.all is already running: await it before the next");
+  const members = parseOrThrow(AllMembers, list, "ctx.all");
+  const id = `all:${run.seq}`;
+  const outputs: unknown[] = [];
+  run.inAll = true;
+  try {
+    for (const [index, member] of members.entries()) {
+      outputs.push(await currentGroup.run({ id, index, size: members.length, node }, member));
+    }
+  } finally {
+    run.inAll = false;
+  }
+  return outputs;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Waits, durably, until the time or for the duration the request names, and records when it
+ * ends. For a duration that is the time the sleep started plus the duration, as the runtime saw
+ * it (`Date.now()`, which adds no DBOS call): a replay may compute another, but the store keeps
+ * the first record with the id, so the record says what the first execution waited for.
+ */
+async function sleep(run: Run, raw: unknown, at: Placed) {
+  const req = checkSleep(raw);
+  const seq = run.seq++;
+  let until: number;
+  let ms: number;
+  if ("until" in req) {
+    until = typeof req.until === "number" ? req.until : Date.parse(req.until);
+    ms = until - (await DBOS.now());
+  } else {
+    ms =
+      (req.ms ?? 0) +
+      (req.seconds ?? 0) * 1_000 +
+      (req.minutes ?? 0) * 60_000 +
+      (req.hours ?? 0) * 3_600_000 +
+      (req.days ?? 0) * 86_400_000;
+    until = Date.now() + ms;
+  }
+  await write(run, entry(run, { type: "sleep.started", ...at, until }, { seq }));
+  // A time already past waits not at all, and adds no step. A sandbox run never waits.
+  if (ms > 0 && run.sandbox === undefined) await DBOS.sleep(ms);
+}