@ryuenn3123/agentic-senior-core 5.6.0 → 5.7.0

package/.claude-plugin/plugin.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "agentic-senior-core",
-  "version": "5.6.0",
+  "version": "5.7.0",
   "displayName": "Agentic Senior Core",
   "description": "Universal AI coding rules. Write code like a staff engineer.",
   "author": {

package/.codex-plugin/plugin.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "agentic-senior-core",
-  "version": "5.6.0",
+  "version": "5.7.0",
   "description": "Universal AI coding rules. Write code like a staff engineer.",
   "author": {
     "name": "fatidaprilian",

package/.devin-plugin/plugin.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "agentic-senior-core",
-  "version": "5.6.0",
+  "version": "5.7.0",
   "description": "Universal AI coding rules. Write code like a staff engineer.",
   "author": {
     "name": "fatidaprilian",

package/.github/plugin/plugin.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "agentic-senior-core",
   "description": "Universal AI coding rules. Write code like a staff engineer.",
-  "version": "5.6.0",
+  "version": "5.7.0",
   "author": {
     "name": "fatidaprilian",
     "url": "https://github.com/fatidaprilian"

package/README.md

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ This copies one file to `.devin/rules/agentic-senior-core.md`. For legacy Windsu
 asc adapter --windsurf
 ```
 
-Repeat per project.
+Repeat per project — or install once globally with `asc global --windsurf` (writes `~/.codeium/windsurf/memories/global_rules.md`, applies to all workspaces; skipped if you already have your own global rules file).
 
 </details>
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ Repeat per project.
 asc adapter --cline
 ```
 
-Copies one file to `.clinerules/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project.
+Copies one file to `.clinerules/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project — or install once globally with `asc global --cline` (rules land in `~/Documents/Cline/Rules/`, apply to all projects).
 
 </details>
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ Copies one file to `.clinerules/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project.
 asc adapter --copilot
 ```
 
-Copies one file to `.github/copilot-instructions.md`. Repeat per project.
+Copies one file to `.github/copilot-instructions.md`. Repeat per project — or install once globally with `asc global --copilot` (user-level instructions file in your VS Code profile, applies to all workspaces).
 
 </details>
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Copies one file to `.github/copilot-instructions.md`. Repeat per project.
 asc adapter --kiro
 ```
 
-Copies one file to `.kiro/steering/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project.
+Copies one file to `.kiro/steering/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project. A global option exists (`asc global --kiro` → `~/.kiro/steering/`), but some Kiro builds have known bugs loading global steering — prefer the per-project adapter if rules are not picked up.
 
 </details>
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Copies one file to `.zed/rules/agentic-senior-core.md`. Zed also reads `AGENTS.m
 asc adapter --aider
 ```
 
-Copies one file to `CONVENTIONS.md` at project root. Aider reads this automatically. Repeat per project.
+Copies one file to `CONVENTIONS.md` at project root. Aider reads this automatically. Repeat per project — or set it once globally in `~/.aider.conf.yml` with an absolute path into the npm package (`read: <npm root -g>/@ryuenn3123/agentic-senior-core/CONVENTIONS.md`). That pointer auto-updates with `npm update -g`.
 
 </details>
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ Copies one file to `CONVENTIONS.md` at project root. Aider reads this automatica
 asc adapter --kilocode
 ```
 
-Copies one file to `.kilocode/rules/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project.
+Copies one file to `.kilocode/rules/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project — or install once globally with `asc global --kilocode`. On Kilo v7+, the zero-maintenance option is pointing the `instructions:` array in `~/.config/kilo/kilo.jsonc` at the rules file inside the npm package (auto-updates with `npm update -g`).
 
 </details>
 
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ Copies one file to `.kilocode/rules/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project.
 asc adapter --roo
 ```
 
-Copies one file to `.roo/rules/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project.
+Copies one file to `.roo/rules/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project — or install once globally with `asc global --roo` (`~/.roo/rules/`). Note: Roo Code was discontinued in May 2026; support is kept for existing installs.
 
 </details>
 
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ Copies one file to `.roo/rules/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project.
 asc adapter --openhands
 ```
 
-Copies one file to `.openhands/microagents/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project.
+Copies one file to `.openhands/microagents/agentic-senior-core.md`. Repeat per project — or install once globally with `asc global --openhands` (`~/.openhands/microagents/`, loaded in all conversations for CLI/headless/dev modes; Docker runs need the directory mounted).
 
 </details>
 
@@ -227,7 +227,13 @@ Antigravity IDE reads it automatically with `trigger: always_on`.
 
 **Option B -- global plugin (all projects):**
 
-Copy the plugin bundle to Antigravity's global plugin directory:
+One command (works on all platforms):
+
+```bash
+asc global --antigravity
+```
+
+Or copy the plugin bundle manually to Antigravity's global plugin directory:
 
 ```powershell
 # Windows (PowerShell)
@@ -246,7 +252,7 @@ cp -r "$(npm root -g)/@ryuenn3123/agentic-senior-core/.agents/plugins/agentic-se
 
 The plugin bundle includes rules, skills (`/asc-review`, `/asc-audit`, `/asc-refactor`, `/asc-reference`, `/asc-debt`), and `plugin.json`.
 
-> Note: `npm update -g` refreshes the npm package only. The global plugin copy does not auto-update -- re-run the copy command above after each update.
+> Note: `npm update -g` refreshes the npm package only. The global plugin copy does not auto-update -- re-run `asc global --antigravity` after each update.
 
 </details>
 
@@ -280,7 +286,35 @@ Generates adapter files for Cursor, Devin Desktop, Windsurf, Cline, Copilot, Kir
 </details>
 
 **Terminal agents** (Claude Code, Codex, Gemini, Copilot CLI) = install once, always-on, zero per-project files.
-**IDE agents** (Cursor, Devin Desktop, Cline, Copilot VS Code, Kiro, Continue, Zed, Aider, Kilo Code, Roo Code, OpenHands, Antigravity) = one file per project via `asc adapter` or copy.
+**IDE agents** = one file per project via `asc adapter`, or install once globally via `asc global` (below).
+
+### Global install (all projects, zero project files)
+
+Most IDE tools also support user-level rules that apply to **every project** — no files in any repo root. One command installs them all:
+
+```bash
+asc global --all
+```
+
+| Tool | Global location | Notes |
+|------|----------------|-------|
+| Google Antigravity IDE | `~/.gemini/config/plugins/agentic-senior-core/` | Full plugin bundle: rules + skills, always-on |
+| Cline | `~/Documents/Cline/Rules/` | Toggleable in the Cline rules panel |
+| Kilo Code | `~/.kilocode/rules/` | Or point `instructions:` in `~/.config/kilo/kilo.jsonc` at the npm package path — that variant auto-updates |
+| Kiro | `~/.kiro/steering/` | Some builds have global-steering loading bugs; fall back to `asc adapter --kiro` |
+| OpenHands | `~/.openhands/microagents/` | CLI/headless/dev modes; Docker runs need the mount |
+| Windsurf / Devin Desktop | `~/.codeium/windsurf/memories/global_rules.md` | 6,000-char global limit (ASC rules fit); skipped if you already have your own file |
+| GitHub Copilot (VS Code) | VS Code profile `prompts/` folder | Installed as a user `*.instructions.md` with `applyTo: '**'` |
+| Roo Code | `~/.roo/rules/` | Roo Code was discontinued May 2026; kept for existing installs |
+
+Tools without a global rules **file** (manual one-time setup instead):
+
+- **Cursor** — Settings → Rules → User Rules: paste the contents of `AGENTS.md` (plain text field; a global rules directory is still a Cursor feature request).
+- **Zed** — Rules Library in the Agent Panel: create a rule from `AGENTS.md` and mark it as default (paper clip icon).
+- **Continue** — add a rules block to the global `config.yaml`.
+- **Aider** — add `read: <absolute path to npm package>/CONVENTIONS.md` in `~/.aider.conf.yml`. This is a live pointer: it auto-updates with `npm update -g`, no re-copy ever.
+
+Global rules load first; per-project adapter files (if present) take precedence on conflicts in every tool that supports both.
 
 ### Updating
 
@@ -290,7 +324,7 @@ Already installed? Just update the global package:
 npm update -g @ryuenn3123/agentic-senior-core
 ```
 
-Terminal agent plugins pick up the new version automatically on next session. For IDE adapters, re-run `asc adapter --all` in each project to refresh the adapter files.
+Terminal agent plugins pick up the new version automatically on next session. Global installs and IDE adapter files are static copies — after updating, re-run `asc global --all` once and `asc adapter --all` in each project that uses per-project files. (Aider's `read:` pointer and Kilo's `kilo.jsonc` path variant auto-update — nothing to re-run.)
 
 ---
 
@@ -327,20 +361,20 @@ Input validation at trust boundaries, parameterized queries, auth checks, error
 | Hermes | Terminal agent | Plugin registration | No |
 | OpenCode | Terminal agent | Auto-detected | No |
 | OpenClaw | Terminal agent | Auto-detected | No |
-| Antigravity IDE | IDE | Copy rules or plugin bundle | No (global) / Yes (rules) |
+| Antigravity IDE | IDE | `asc global --antigravity` | No (global) |
 | Antigravity CLI | Terminal agent | `agy plugin install` | No |
-| Cursor | IDE | `asc adapter --cursor` | Yes (1 file) |
+| Cursor | IDE | `asc adapter --cursor` | Yes (1 file) — or paste User Rules once |
 | Devin Desktop | IDE | `asc adapter --devin` | Yes (1 file) |
-| Windsurf (legacy) | IDE | `asc adapter --windsurf` | Yes (1 file) |
-| Cline | VS Code ext | `asc adapter --cline` | Yes (1 file) |
-| GitHub Copilot | VS Code ext | `asc adapter --copilot` | Yes (1 file) |
-| Kiro | IDE | `asc adapter --kiro` | Yes (1 file) |
-| Continue | VS Code ext | `asc adapter --continue` | Yes (1 file) |
-| Zed | IDE | `asc adapter --zed` | Yes (1 file) |
-| Aider | Terminal agent | `asc adapter --aider` | Yes (1 file) |
-| Kilo Code | VS Code ext | `asc adapter --kilocode` | Yes (1 file) |
-| Roo Code | VS Code ext | `asc adapter --roo` | Yes (1 file) |
-| OpenHands | Agent | `asc adapter --openhands` | Yes (1 file) |
+| Windsurf (legacy) | IDE | `asc global --windsurf` | No (global) — or `asc adapter --windsurf` |
+| Cline | VS Code ext | `asc global --cline` | No (global) — or `asc adapter --cline` |
+| GitHub Copilot | VS Code ext | `asc global --copilot` | No (global) — or `asc adapter --copilot` |
+| Kiro | IDE | `asc adapter --kiro` | Yes (1 file) — global via `asc global --kiro` (buggy in some builds) |
+| Continue | VS Code ext | `asc adapter --continue` | Yes (1 file) — or global config.yaml rules |
+| Zed | IDE | `asc adapter --zed` | Yes (1 file) — or default rule in Rules Library |
+| Aider | Terminal agent | `asc adapter --aider` | Yes (1 file) — or `read:` pointer in `~/.aider.conf.yml` |
+| Kilo Code | VS Code ext | `asc global --kilocode` | No (global) — or `asc adapter --kilocode` |
+| Roo Code | VS Code ext | `asc global --roo` | No (global) — discontinued May 2026 |
+| OpenHands | Agent | `asc global --openhands` | No (global) — or `asc adapter --openhands` |
 
 ---
 
@@ -363,6 +397,7 @@ Available on plugin hosts (Claude Code, Codex, Gemini CLI):
 
 ```bash
 asc adapter [--cursor|--devin|--windsurf|--cline|--copilot|--kiro|--continue|--zed|--aider|--kilocode|--roo|--openhands|--all]
+asc global [--antigravity|--cline|--kilocode|--kiro|--openhands|--windsurf|--copilot|--roo|--all]
 asc uninstall [--dry-run]
 asc clean [--dry-run]
 asc status

package/bin/agentic-senior-core.js

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  *
  * Commands:
  *   adapter     Generate instruction-tier adapter files for IDEs without plugin support
+ *   global      Install rules to user-level (global) locations, applies to all projects
  *   uninstall   Remove ASC adapter files from the current project
  *   clean       Remove v4 per-project artifacts (.agent-context/, bridge files)
  *   status      Show detected IDEs and install hints
@@ -25,10 +26,13 @@ function printUsage() {
   console.log('Plugin install (always-on, no per-project files):');
   console.log('  Claude Code:  /plugin marketplace add fatidaprilian/Agentic-Senior-Core');
   console.log('  Codex CLI:    codex plugins install agentic-senior-core\n');
+  console.log('Global install (all projects, zero project files):');
+  console.log('  asc global --antigravity --cline --kilocode --kiro --openhands --windsurf --copilot --all\n');
   console.log('Adapter install (one file per project):');
   console.log('  asc adapter --cursor --devin --cline --copilot --kiro --continue --zed --aider --kilocode --roo --openhands --windsurf --all\n');
   console.log('Commands:');
   console.log('  adapter       Generate instruction-tier adapter files');
+  console.log('  global        Install rules to user-level (global) locations');
   console.log('  uninstall     Remove ASC adapter files from this project');
   console.log('  clean         Remove v4 per-project artifacts');
   console.log('  status        Show detected IDEs and install hints');
@@ -57,6 +61,12 @@ async function main() {
     return;
   }
 
+  if (commandArgument === 'global') {
+    const { runGlobalCommand } = await import('../lib/cli/commands/global.mjs');
+    await runGlobalCommand(commandArguments);
+    return;
+  }
+
   if (commandArgument === 'uninstall') {
     const { runUninstallCommand } = await import('../lib/cli/commands/uninstall.mjs');
     await runUninstallCommand(commandArguments);

package/gemini-extension.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "agentic-senior-core",
-  "version": "5.6.0",
+  "version": "5.7.0",
   "description": "Universal AI coding rules. Write code like a staff engineer.",
   "author": "fatidaprilian",
   "license": "MIT",

package/lib/cli/commands/global.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import os from 'node:os';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
+const currentFilePath = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const currentDirectoryPath = path.dirname(currentFilePath);
+const REPOSITORY_ROOT = path.resolve(currentDirectoryPath, '..', '..', '..');
+const HOME = os.homedir();
+
+const ASC_MARKER = '# Agentic Senior Core';
+
+function vscodeUserPromptsDirectory() {
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    return path.join(process.env.APPDATA ?? path.join(HOME, 'AppData', 'Roaming'), 'Code', 'User', 'prompts');
+  }
+  if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
+    return path.join(HOME, 'Library', 'Application Support', 'Code', 'User', 'prompts');
+  }
+  return path.join(HOME, '.config', 'Code', 'User', 'prompts');
+}
+
+const GLOBAL_TARGETS = {
+  antigravity: {
+    label: 'Google Antigravity IDE',
+    kind: 'directory',
+    sourcePath: '.agents/plugins/agentic-senior-core',
+    targetPath: () => path.join(HOME, '.gemini', 'config', 'plugins', 'agentic-senior-core'),
+    note: 'Full plugin bundle (rules + skills), always-on in every project.',
+  },
+  cline: {
+    label: 'Cline',
+    kind: 'file',
+    sourcePath: '.clinerules/agentic-senior-core.md',
+    targetPath: () => path.join(HOME, 'Documents', 'Cline', 'Rules', 'agentic-senior-core.md'),
+    note: 'Toggleable in the Cline rules panel.',
+  },
+  roo: {
+    label: 'Roo Code',
+    kind: 'file',
+    sourcePath: '.roo/rules/agentic-senior-core.md',
+    targetPath: () => path.join(HOME, '.roo', 'rules', 'agentic-senior-core.md'),
+    note: 'Roo Code was discontinued in May 2026; kept for existing installs.',
+  },
+  kilocode: {
+    label: 'Kilo Code',
+    kind: 'file',
+    sourcePath: '.kilocode/rules/agentic-senior-core.md',
+    targetPath: () => path.join(HOME, '.kilocode', 'rules', 'agentic-senior-core.md'),
+    note: 'Kilo v7+: prefer adding the file path to the instructions array in ~/.config/kilo/kilo.jsonc (auto-updates with npm).',
+  },
+  kiro: {
+    label: 'Kiro',
+    kind: 'file',
+    sourcePath: '.kiro/steering/agentic-senior-core.md',
+    targetPath: () => path.join(HOME, '.kiro', 'steering', 'agentic-senior-core.md'),
+    note: 'Global steering has known loading bugs in some Kiro builds; fall back to asc adapter --kiro if rules are not picked up.',
+  },
+  openhands: {
+    label: 'OpenHands',
+    kind: 'file',
+    sourcePath: '.openhands/microagents/agentic-senior-core.md',
+    targetPath: () => path.join(HOME, '.openhands', 'microagents', 'agentic-senior-core.md'),
+    note: 'Works in CLI/headless/dev modes. Docker runs need the directory mounted.',
+  },
+  windsurf: {
+    label: 'Windsurf / Devin Desktop',
+    kind: 'guarded-file',
+    sourcePath: '.windsurf/rules/agentic-senior-core.md',
+    targetPath: () => path.join(HOME, '.codeium', 'windsurf', 'memories', 'global_rules.md'),
+    note: 'Single global file (6,000 char limit). Skipped if you already have your own global_rules.md.',
+  },
+  copilot: {
+    label: 'GitHub Copilot (VS Code)',
+    kind: 'copilot-user-instructions',
+    sourcePath: '.github/copilot-instructions.md',
+    targetPath: () => path.join(vscodeUserPromptsDirectory(), 'agentic-senior-core.instructions.md'),
+    note: 'Installs into the VS Code default profile. Other profiles need their own copy.',
+  },
+};
+
+const MANUAL_TARGETS = [
+  { label: 'Cursor', hint: 'Settings > Rules > User Rules: paste the contents of AGENTS.md (plain text only, no global rules file support).' },
+  { label: 'Zed', hint: 'Rules Library (Agent Panel): create a rule from AGENTS.md and mark it as default (paper clip icon).' },
+  { label: 'Continue', hint: 'Global config.yaml: add a rules block referencing AGENTS.md content.' },
+  { label: 'Aider', hint: `~/.aider.conf.yml: add "read: ${path.join(REPOSITORY_ROOT, 'CONVENTIONS.md')}" (absolute path auto-updates with npm).` },
+];
+
+async function pathExists(filePath) {
+  try {
+    await fs.access(filePath);
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+async function installGlobalTarget(targetKey) {
+  const target = GLOBAL_TARGETS[targetKey];
+  const sourcePath = path.join(REPOSITORY_ROOT, target.sourcePath);
+  const targetPath = target.targetPath();
+
+  if (!(await pathExists(sourcePath))) {
+    console.error(`  ${target.label}: source not found (${sourcePath}) ... FAIL`);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (target.kind === 'directory') {
+    await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(targetPath), { recursive: true });
+    await fs.cp(sourcePath, targetPath, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    console.log(`  ${target.label}: ${targetPath} ... OK`);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (target.kind === 'guarded-file') {
+    if (await pathExists(targetPath)) {
+      const existingContent = await fs.readFile(targetPath, 'utf8');
+      if (!existingContent.startsWith(ASC_MARKER)) {
+        console.log(`  ${target.label}: existing ${path.basename(targetPath)} found (not ASC) ... SKIPPED`);
+        console.log('    Append the contents of AGENTS.md manually to keep your own rules.');
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(targetPath), { recursive: true });
+    await fs.copyFile(sourcePath, targetPath);
+    console.log(`  ${target.label}: ${targetPath} ... OK`);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (target.kind === 'copilot-user-instructions') {
+    const rulesContent = await fs.readFile(sourcePath, 'utf8');
+    const instructionsContent = `---\napplyTo: '**'\n---\n\n${rulesContent}`;
+    await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(targetPath), { recursive: true });
+    await fs.writeFile(targetPath, instructionsContent);
+    console.log(`  ${target.label}: ${targetPath} ... OK`);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  await fs.mkdir(path.dirname(targetPath), { recursive: true });
+  await fs.copyFile(sourcePath, targetPath);
+  console.log(`  ${target.label}: ${targetPath} ... OK`);
+  return true;
+}
+
+function printGlobalUsage() {
+  console.log('Agentic Senior Core -- Global Install\n');
+  console.log('Installs rules to user-level locations. Applies to ALL projects, zero project files.\n');
+  console.log('Usage: asc global [--antigravity] [--cline] [--kilocode] [--kiro] [--openhands] [--windsurf] [--copilot] [--roo] [--all]\n');
+  console.log('Available targets:');
+  for (const [key, target] of Object.entries(GLOBAL_TARGETS)) {
+    console.log(`  --${key.padEnd(12)} ${target.label.padEnd(28)} -> ${target.targetPath()}`);
+  }
+  console.log('\nManual setup (no global rules file support):');
+  for (const manual of MANUAL_TARGETS) {
+    console.log(`  ${manual.label.padEnd(10)} ${manual.hint}`);
+  }
+  console.log('\nNote: these are static copies. After npm update -g, re-run asc global to refresh.');
+}
+
+export async function runGlobalCommand(commandArguments) {
+  const requestedTargets = [];
+
+  for (const argument of commandArguments) {
+    if (argument === '--all') {
+      requestedTargets.push(...Object.keys(GLOBAL_TARGETS));
+      break;
+    }
+
+    const targetKey = argument.replace(/^--/, '');
+    if (GLOBAL_TARGETS[targetKey]) {
+      requestedTargets.push(targetKey);
+    } else if (argument.startsWith('--')) {
+      console.error(`Unknown option: ${argument}`);
+      console.log(`Available targets: ${Object.keys(GLOBAL_TARGETS).map(k => `--${k}`).join(', ')}, --all`);
+      process.exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (requestedTargets.length === 0) {
+    printGlobalUsage();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  console.log('Agentic Senior Core -- Installing global rules\n');
+
+  let successCount = 0;
+  for (const targetKey of requestedTargets) {
+    const success = await installGlobalTarget(targetKey);
+    if (success) successCount++;
+    const note = GLOBAL_TARGETS[targetKey].note;
+    if (note) console.log(`    ${note}`);
+  }
+
+  console.log(`\n${successCount}/${requestedTargets.length} global target(s) installed.`);
+  console.log('Static copies do not auto-update: re-run asc global after npm update -g.');
+}

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@ryuenn3123/agentic-senior-core",
-  "version": "5.6.0",
+  "version": "5.7.0",
   "type": "module",
   "description": "Universal AI coding rules. Write code like a staff engineer, not a junior.",
   "bin": {
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
   "files": [
     "bin/",
     "lib/cli/commands/adapter.mjs",
+    "lib/cli/commands/global.mjs",
     "lib/cli/commands/clean.mjs",
     "lib/cli/commands/uninstall.mjs",
     "lib/cli/commands/status.mjs",

package/plugin.yaml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: agentic-senior-core
-version: 5.6.0
+version: 5.7.0
 description: Universal AI coding rules. Write code like a staff engineer.
 author: fatidaprilian
 provides_hooks: