@ruby/wasm-wasi 2.4.1 → 2.5.0

package/dist/index.umd.js

@@ -1,1346 +1,1379 @@
 (function (global, factory) {
-  typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) :
-  typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) :
-  (global = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : global || self, factory(global["ruby-wasm-wasi"] = {}));
+    typeof exports === 'object' && typeof module !== 'undefined' ? factory(exports) :
+    typeof define === 'function' && define.amd ? define(['exports'], factory) :
+    (global = typeof globalThis !== 'undefined' ? globalThis : global || self, factory(global["ruby-wasm-wasi"] = {}));
 })(this, (function (exports) { 'use strict';
 
-  let DATA_VIEW = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer());
-
-  function data_view(mem) {
-    if (DATA_VIEW.buffer !== mem.buffer) DATA_VIEW = new DataView(mem.buffer);
-    return DATA_VIEW;
-  }
-
-  function to_uint32(val) {
-    return val >>> 0;
-  }
-  const UTF8_DECODER = new TextDecoder('utf-8');
+    /**
+     * Create a console printer that can be used as an overlay of WASI imports.
+     * See the example below for how to use it.
+     *
+     * ```javascript
+     * const imports = {
+     *  "wasi_snapshot_preview1": wasi.wasiImport,
+     * }
+     * const printer = consolePrinter();
+     * printer.addToImports(imports);
+     *
+     * const instance = await WebAssembly.instantiate(module, imports);
+     * printer.setMemory(instance.exports.memory);
+     * ```
+     *
+     * Note that the `stdout` and `stderr` functions are called with text, not
+     * bytes. This means that bytes written to stdout/stderr will be decoded as
+     * UTF-8 and then passed to the `stdout`/`stderr` functions every time a write
+     * occurs without buffering.
+     *
+     * @param stdout A function that will be called when stdout is written to.
+     *               Defaults to `console.log`.
+     * @param stderr A function that will be called when stderr is written to.
+     *               Defaults to `console.warn`.
+     * @returns An object that can be used as an overlay of WASI imports.
+     */
+    function consolePrinter({ stdout, stderr, } = {
+        stdout: console.log,
+        stderr: console.warn,
+    }) {
+        let memory = undefined;
+        let _view = undefined;
+        function getMemoryView() {
+            if (typeof memory === "undefined") {
+                throw new Error("Memory is not set");
+            }
+            if (_view === undefined || _view.buffer.byteLength === 0) {
+                _view = new DataView(memory.buffer);
+            }
+            return _view;
+        }
+        const decoder = new TextDecoder();
+        return {
+            addToImports(imports) {
+                const wasiImport = imports.wasi_snapshot_preview1;
+                const original_fd_write = wasiImport.fd_write;
+                wasiImport.fd_write = (fd, iovs, iovsLen, nwritten) => {
+                    if (fd !== 1 && fd !== 2) {
+                        return original_fd_write(fd, iovs, iovsLen, nwritten);
+                    }
+                    const view = getMemoryView();
+                    const buffers = Array.from({ length: iovsLen }, (_, i) => {
+                        const ptr = iovs + i * 8;
+                        const buf = view.getUint32(ptr, true);
+                        const bufLen = view.getUint32(ptr + 4, true);
+                        return new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, buf, bufLen);
+                    });
+                    let written = 0;
+                    let str = "";
+                    for (const buffer of buffers) {
+                        str += decoder.decode(buffer);
+                        written += buffer.byteLength;
+                    }
+                    view.setUint32(nwritten, written, true);
+                    const log = fd === 1 ? stdout : stderr;
+                    log(str);
+                    return 0;
+                };
+                const original_fd_filestat_get = wasiImport.fd_filestat_get;
+                wasiImport.fd_filestat_get = (fd, filestat) => {
+                    if (fd !== 1 && fd !== 2) {
+                        return original_fd_filestat_get(fd, filestat);
+                    }
+                    const view = getMemoryView();
+                    const result = original_fd_filestat_get(fd, filestat);
+                    if (result !== 0) {
+                        return result;
+                    }
+                    const filetypePtr = filestat + 0;
+                    view.setUint8(filetypePtr, 2); // FILETYPE_CHARACTER_DEVICE
+                    return 0;
+                };
+                const original_fd_fdstat_get = wasiImport.fd_fdstat_get;
+                wasiImport.fd_fdstat_get = (fd, fdstat) => {
+                    if (fd !== 1 && fd !== 2) {
+                        return original_fd_fdstat_get(fd, fdstat);
+                    }
+                    const view = getMemoryView();
+                    const fs_filetypePtr = fdstat + 0;
+                    view.setUint8(fs_filetypePtr, 2); // FILETYPE_CHARACTER_DEVICE
+                    const fs_rights_basePtr = fdstat + 8;
+                    view.setBigUint64(fs_rights_basePtr, BigInt(1)); // RIGHTS_FD_WRITE
+                    return 0;
+                };
+            },
+            setMemory(m) {
+                memory = m;
+            },
+        };
+    }
 
-  const UTF8_ENCODER = new TextEncoder('utf-8');
+    let DATA_VIEW = new DataView(new ArrayBuffer());
 
-  function utf8_encode(s, realloc, memory) {
-    if (typeof s !== 'string') throw new TypeError('expected a string');
-    
-    if (s.length === 0) {
-      UTF8_ENCODED_LEN = 0;
-      return 1;
+    function data_view(mem) {
+      if (DATA_VIEW.buffer !== mem.buffer) DATA_VIEW = new DataView(mem.buffer);
+      return DATA_VIEW;
     }
-    
-    let alloc_len = 0;
-    let ptr = 0;
-    let writtenTotal = 0;
-    while (s.length > 0) {
-      ptr = realloc(ptr, alloc_len, 1, alloc_len + s.length);
-      alloc_len += s.length;
-      const { read, written } = UTF8_ENCODER.encodeInto(
-      s,
-      new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr + writtenTotal, alloc_len - writtenTotal),
-      );
-      writtenTotal += written;
-      s = s.slice(read);
-    }
-    if (alloc_len > writtenTotal)
-    ptr = realloc(ptr, alloc_len, 1, writtenTotal);
-    UTF8_ENCODED_LEN = writtenTotal;
-    return ptr;
-  }
-  let UTF8_ENCODED_LEN = 0;
 
-  class Slab {
-    constructor() {
-      this.list = [];
-      this.head = 0;
-    }
-    
-    insert(val) {
-      if (this.head >= this.list.length) {
-        this.list.push({
-          next: this.list.length + 1,
-          val: undefined,
-        });
-      }
-      const ret = this.head;
-      const slot = this.list[ret];
-      this.head = slot.next;
-      slot.next = -1;
-      slot.val = val;
-      return ret;
+    function to_uint32(val) {
+      return val >>> 0;
     }
-    
-    get(idx) {
-      if (idx >= this.list.length)
-      throw new RangeError('handle index not valid');
-      const slot = this.list[idx];
-      if (slot.next === -1)
-      return slot.val;
-      throw new RangeError('handle index not valid');
-    }
-    
-    remove(idx) {
-      const ret = this.get(idx); // validate the slot
-      const slot = this.list[idx];
-      slot.val = undefined;
-      slot.next = this.head;
-      this.head = idx;
-      return ret;
-    }
-  }
+    const UTF8_DECODER = new TextDecoder('utf-8');
 
-  function throw_invalid_bool() {
-    throw new RangeError("invalid variant discriminant for bool");
-  }
+    const UTF8_ENCODER = new TextEncoder('utf-8');
 
-  class RbAbiGuest {
-    constructor() {
-      this._resource0_slab = new Slab();
-      this._resource1_slab = new Slab();
-    }
-    addToImports(imports) {
-      if (!("canonical_abi" in imports)) imports["canonical_abi"] = {};
+    function utf8_encode(s, realloc, memory) {
+      if (typeof s !== 'string') throw new TypeError('expected a string');
       
-      imports.canonical_abi['resource_drop_rb-iseq'] = i => {
-        this._resource0_slab.remove(i).drop();
-      };
-      imports.canonical_abi['resource_clone_rb-iseq'] = i => {
-        const obj = this._resource0_slab.get(i);
-        return this._resource0_slab.insert(obj.clone())
-      };
-      imports.canonical_abi['resource_get_rb-iseq'] = i => {
-        return this._resource0_slab.get(i)._wasm_val;
-      };
-      imports.canonical_abi['resource_new_rb-iseq'] = i => {
-        this._registry0;
-        return this._resource0_slab.insert(new RbIseq(i, this));
-      };
-      
-      imports.canonical_abi['resource_drop_rb-abi-value'] = i => {
-        this._resource1_slab.remove(i).drop();
-      };
-      imports.canonical_abi['resource_clone_rb-abi-value'] = i => {
-        const obj = this._resource1_slab.get(i);
-        return this._resource1_slab.insert(obj.clone())
-      };
-      imports.canonical_abi['resource_get_rb-abi-value'] = i => {
-        return this._resource1_slab.get(i)._wasm_val;
-      };
-      imports.canonical_abi['resource_new_rb-abi-value'] = i => {
-        this._registry1;
-        return this._resource1_slab.insert(new RbAbiValue(i, this));
-      };
-    }
-    
-    async instantiate(module, imports) {
-      imports = imports || {};
-      this.addToImports(imports);
+      if (s.length === 0) {
+        UTF8_ENCODED_LEN = 0;
+        return 1;
+      }
       
-      if (module instanceof WebAssembly.Instance) {
-        this.instance = module;
-      } else if (module instanceof WebAssembly.Module) {
-        this.instance = await WebAssembly.instantiate(module, imports);
-      } else if (module instanceof ArrayBuffer || module instanceof Uint8Array) {
-        const { instance } = await WebAssembly.instantiate(module, imports);
-        this.instance = instance;
-      } else {
-        const { instance } = await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(module, imports);
-        this.instance = instance;
+      let alloc_len = 0;
+      let ptr = 0;
+      let writtenTotal = 0;
+      while (s.length > 0) {
+        ptr = realloc(ptr, alloc_len, 1, alloc_len + s.length);
+        alloc_len += s.length;
+        const { read, written } = UTF8_ENCODER.encodeInto(
+        s,
+        new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr + writtenTotal, alloc_len - writtenTotal),
+        );
+        writtenTotal += written;
+        s = s.slice(read);
       }
-      this._exports = this.instance.exports;
-      this._registry0 = new FinalizationRegistry(this._exports['canonical_abi_drop_rb-iseq']);
-      this._registry1 = new FinalizationRegistry(this._exports['canonical_abi_drop_rb-abi-value']);
-    }
-    rubyShowVersion() {
-      this._exports['ruby-show-version: func() -> ()']();
+      if (alloc_len > writtenTotal)
+      ptr = realloc(ptr, alloc_len, 1, writtenTotal);
+      UTF8_ENCODED_LEN = writtenTotal;
+      return ptr;
     }
-    rubyInit() {
-      this._exports['ruby-init: func() -> ()']();
-    }
-    rubySysinit(arg0) {
-      const memory = this._exports.memory;
-      const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
-      const vec1 = arg0;
-      const len1 = vec1.length;
-      const result1 = realloc(0, 0, 4, len1 * 8);
-      for (let i = 0; i < vec1.length; i++) {
-        const e = vec1[i];
-        const base = result1 + i * 8;
-        const ptr0 = utf8_encode(e, realloc, memory);
-        const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
-        data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 4, len0, true);
-        data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 0, ptr0, true);
+    let UTF8_ENCODED_LEN = 0;
+
+    class Slab {
+      constructor() {
+        this.list = [];
+        this.head = 0;
       }
-      this._exports['ruby-sysinit: func(args: list<string>) -> ()'](result1, len1);
-    }
-    rubyOptions(arg0) {
-      const memory = this._exports.memory;
-      const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
-      const vec1 = arg0;
-      const len1 = vec1.length;
-      const result1 = realloc(0, 0, 4, len1 * 8);
-      for (let i = 0; i < vec1.length; i++) {
-        const e = vec1[i];
-        const base = result1 + i * 8;
-        const ptr0 = utf8_encode(e, realloc, memory);
-        const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
-        data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 4, len0, true);
-        data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 0, ptr0, true);
+      
+      insert(val) {
+        if (this.head >= this.list.length) {
+          this.list.push({
+            next: this.list.length + 1,
+            val: undefined,
+          });
+        }
+        const ret = this.head;
+        const slot = this.list[ret];
+        this.head = slot.next;
+        slot.next = -1;
+        slot.val = val;
+        return ret;
       }
-      const ret = this._exports['ruby-options: func(args: list<string>) -> handle<rb-iseq>'](result1, len1);
-      return this._resource0_slab.remove(ret);
-    }
-    rubyScript(arg0) {
-      const memory = this._exports.memory;
-      const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
-      const ptr0 = utf8_encode(arg0, realloc, memory);
-      const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
-      this._exports['ruby-script: func(name: string) -> ()'](ptr0, len0);
-    }
-    rubyInitLoadpath() {
-      this._exports['ruby-init-loadpath: func() -> ()']();
-    }
-    rbEvalStringProtect(arg0) {
-      const memory = this._exports.memory;
-      const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
-      const ptr0 = utf8_encode(arg0, realloc, memory);
-      const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
-      const ret = this._exports['rb-eval-string-protect: func(str: string) -> tuple<handle<rb-abi-value>, s32>'](ptr0, len0);
-      return [this._resource1_slab.remove(data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 0, true)), data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 4, true)];
-    }
-    rbFuncallvProtect(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
-      const memory = this._exports.memory;
-      const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
-      const obj0 = arg0;
-      if (!(obj0 instanceof RbAbiValue)) throw new TypeError('expected instance of RbAbiValue');
-      const vec2 = arg2;
-      const len2 = vec2.length;
-      const result2 = realloc(0, 0, 4, len2 * 4);
-      for (let i = 0; i < vec2.length; i++) {
-        const e = vec2[i];
-        const base = result2 + i * 4;
-        const obj1 = e;
-        if (!(obj1 instanceof RbAbiValue)) throw new TypeError('expected instance of RbAbiValue');
-        data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 0, this._resource1_slab.insert(obj1.clone()), true);
+      
+      get(idx) {
+        if (idx >= this.list.length)
+        throw new RangeError('handle index not valid');
+        const slot = this.list[idx];
+        if (slot.next === -1)
+        return slot.val;
+        throw new RangeError('handle index not valid');
+      }
+      
+      remove(idx) {
+        const ret = this.get(idx); // validate the slot
+        const slot = this.list[idx];
+        slot.val = undefined;
+        slot.next = this.head;
+        this.head = idx;
+        return ret;
       }
-      const ret = this._exports['rb-funcallv-protect: func(recv: handle<rb-abi-value>, mid: u32, args: list<handle<rb-abi-value>>) -> tuple<handle<rb-abi-value>, s32>'](this._resource1_slab.insert(obj0.clone()), to_uint32(arg1), result2, len2);
-      return [this._resource1_slab.remove(data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 0, true)), data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 4, true)];
-    }
-    rbIntern(arg0) {
-      const memory = this._exports.memory;
-      const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
-      const ptr0 = utf8_encode(arg0, realloc, memory);
-      const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
-      const ret = this._exports['rb-intern: func(name: string) -> u32'](ptr0, len0);
-      return ret >>> 0;
-    }
-    rbErrinfo() {
-      const ret = this._exports['rb-errinfo: func() -> handle<rb-abi-value>']();
-      return this._resource1_slab.remove(ret);
-    }
-    rbClearErrinfo() {
-      this._exports['rb-clear-errinfo: func() -> ()']();
-    }
-    rstringPtr(arg0) {
-      const memory = this._exports.memory;
-      const obj0 = arg0;
-      if (!(obj0 instanceof RbAbiValue)) throw new TypeError('expected instance of RbAbiValue');
-      const ret = this._exports['rstring-ptr: func(value: handle<rb-abi-value>) -> string'](this._resource1_slab.insert(obj0.clone()));
-      const ptr1 = data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 0, true);
-      const len1 = data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 4, true);
-      const result1 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr1, len1));
-      this._exports["cabi_post_rstring-ptr"](ret);
-      return result1;
-    }
-    rbVmBugreport() {
-      this._exports['rb-vm-bugreport: func() -> ()']();
-    }
-    rbGcEnable() {
-      const ret = this._exports['rb-gc-enable: func() -> bool']();
-      const bool0 = ret;
-      return bool0 == 0 ? false : (bool0 == 1 ? true : throw_invalid_bool());
-    }
-    rbGcDisable() {
-      const ret = this._exports['rb-gc-disable: func() -> bool']();
-      const bool0 = ret;
-      return bool0 == 0 ? false : (bool0 == 1 ? true : throw_invalid_bool());
-    }
-    rbSetShouldProhibitRewind(arg0) {
-      const ret = this._exports['rb-set-should-prohibit-rewind: func(new-value: bool) -> bool'](arg0 ? 1 : 0);
-      const bool0 = ret;
-      return bool0 == 0 ? false : (bool0 == 1 ? true : throw_invalid_bool());
-    }
-  }
-
-  class RbIseq {
-    constructor(wasm_val, obj) {
-      this._wasm_val = wasm_val;
-      this._obj = obj;
-      this._refcnt = 1;
-      obj._registry0.register(this, wasm_val, this);
-    }
-    
-    clone() {
-      this._refcnt += 1;
-      return this;
-    }
-    
-    drop() {
-      this._refcnt -= 1;
-      if (this._refcnt !== 0)
-      return;
-      this._obj._registry0.unregister(this);
-      const dtor = this._obj._exports['canonical_abi_drop_rb-iseq'];
-      const wasm_val = this._wasm_val;
-      delete this._obj;
-      delete this._refcnt;
-      delete this._wasm_val;
-      dtor(wasm_val);
     }
-  }
 
-  class RbAbiValue {
-    constructor(wasm_val, obj) {
-      this._wasm_val = wasm_val;
-      this._obj = obj;
-      this._refcnt = 1;
-      obj._registry1.register(this, wasm_val, this);
-    }
-    
-    clone() {
-      this._refcnt += 1;
-      return this;
+    function throw_invalid_bool() {
+      throw new RangeError("invalid variant discriminant for bool");
     }
-    
-    drop() {
-      this._refcnt -= 1;
-      if (this._refcnt !== 0)
-      return;
-      this._obj._registry1.unregister(this);
-      const dtor = this._obj._exports['canonical_abi_drop_rb-abi-value'];
-      const wasm_val = this._wasm_val;
-      delete this._obj;
-      delete this._refcnt;
-      delete this._wasm_val;
-      dtor(wasm_val);
-    }
-  }
 
-  function addRbJsAbiHostToImports(imports, obj, get_export) {
-    if (!("rb-js-abi-host" in imports)) imports["rb-js-abi-host"] = {};
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["eval-js: func(code: string) -> variant { success(handle<js-abi-value>), failure(handle<js-abi-value>) }"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const ptr0 = arg0;
-      const len0 = arg1;
-      const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
-      const ret0 = obj.evalJs(result0);
-      const variant1 = ret0;
-      switch (variant1.tag) {
-        case "success": {
-          const e = variant1.val;
-          data_view(memory).setInt8(arg2 + 0, 0, true);
-          data_view(memory).setInt32(arg2 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
-          break;
-        }
-        case "failure": {
-          const e = variant1.val;
-          data_view(memory).setInt8(arg2 + 0, 1, true);
-          data_view(memory).setInt32(arg2 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
-          break;
-        }
-        default:
-        throw new RangeError("invalid variant specified for JsAbiResult");
-      }
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["is-js: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0) {
-      const ret0 = obj.isJs(resources0.get(arg0));
-      return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["instance-of: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>, klass: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
-      const ret0 = obj.instanceOf(resources0.get(arg0), resources0.get(arg1));
-      return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["global-this: func() -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function() {
-      const ret0 = obj.globalThis();
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["int-to-js-number: func(value: s32) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
-      const ret0 = obj.intToJsNumber(arg0);
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["float-to-js-number: func(value: float64) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
-      const ret0 = obj.floatToJsNumber(arg0);
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["string-to-js-string: func(value: string) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const ptr0 = arg0;
-      const len0 = arg1;
-      const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
-      const ret0 = obj.stringToJsString(result0);
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["bool-to-js-bool: func(value: bool) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
-      const bool0 = arg0;
-      const ret0 = obj.boolToJsBool(bool0 == 0 ? false : (bool0 == 1 ? true : throw_invalid_bool()));
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["proc-to-js-function: func(value: u32) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
-      const ret0 = obj.procToJsFunction(arg0 >>> 0);
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["rb-object-to-js-rb-value: func(raw-rb-abi-value: u32) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
-      const ret0 = obj.rbObjectToJsRbValue(arg0 >>> 0);
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["js-value-to-string: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> string"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const realloc = get_export("cabi_realloc");
-      const ret0 = obj.jsValueToString(resources0.get(arg0));
-      const ptr0 = utf8_encode(ret0, realloc, memory);
-      const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
-      data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 4, len0, true);
-      data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 0, ptr0, true);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["js-value-to-integer: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> variant { f64(float64), bignum(string) }"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const realloc = get_export("cabi_realloc");
-      const ret0 = obj.jsValueToInteger(resources0.get(arg0));
-      const variant1 = ret0;
-      switch (variant1.tag) {
-        case "f64": {
-          const e = variant1.val;
-          data_view(memory).setInt8(arg1 + 0, 0, true);
-          data_view(memory).setFloat64(arg1 + 8, +e, true);
-          break;
-        }
-        case "bignum": {
-          const e = variant1.val;
-          data_view(memory).setInt8(arg1 + 0, 1, true);
-          const ptr0 = utf8_encode(e, realloc, memory);
-          const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
-          data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 12, len0, true);
-          data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 8, ptr0, true);
-          break;
-        }
-        default:
-        throw new RangeError("invalid variant specified for RawInteger");
+    class RbAbiGuest {
+      constructor() {
+        this._resource0_slab = new Slab();
+        this._resource1_slab = new Slab();
       }
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["export-js-value-to-host: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> ()"] = function(arg0) {
-      obj.exportJsValueToHost(resources0.get(arg0));
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["import-js-value-from-host: func() -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function() {
-      const ret0 = obj.importJsValueFromHost();
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["js-value-typeof: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> string"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const realloc = get_export("cabi_realloc");
-      const ret0 = obj.jsValueTypeof(resources0.get(arg0));
-      const ptr0 = utf8_encode(ret0, realloc, memory);
-      const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
-      data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 4, len0, true);
-      data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 0, ptr0, true);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["js-value-equal: func(lhs: handle<js-abi-value>, rhs: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
-      const ret0 = obj.jsValueEqual(resources0.get(arg0), resources0.get(arg1));
-      return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["js-value-strictly-equal: func(lhs: handle<js-abi-value>, rhs: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
-      const ret0 = obj.jsValueStrictlyEqual(resources0.get(arg0), resources0.get(arg1));
-      return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-apply: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, this-argument: handle<js-abi-value>, arguments: list<handle<js-abi-value>>) -> variant { success(handle<js-abi-value>), failure(handle<js-abi-value>) }"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const len0 = arg3;
-      const base0 = arg2;
-      const result0 = [];
-      for (let i = 0; i < len0; i++) {
-        const base = base0 + i * 4;
-        result0.push(resources0.get(data_view(memory).getInt32(base + 0, true)));
+      addToImports(imports) {
+        if (!("canonical_abi" in imports)) imports["canonical_abi"] = {};
+        
+        imports.canonical_abi['resource_drop_rb-iseq'] = i => {
+          this._resource0_slab.remove(i).drop();
+        };
+        imports.canonical_abi['resource_clone_rb-iseq'] = i => {
+          const obj = this._resource0_slab.get(i);
+          return this._resource0_slab.insert(obj.clone())
+        };
+        imports.canonical_abi['resource_get_rb-iseq'] = i => {
+          return this._resource0_slab.get(i)._wasm_val;
+        };
+        imports.canonical_abi['resource_new_rb-iseq'] = i => {
+          this._registry0;
+          return this._resource0_slab.insert(new RbIseq(i, this));
+        };
+        
+        imports.canonical_abi['resource_drop_rb-abi-value'] = i => {
+          this._resource1_slab.remove(i).drop();
+        };
+        imports.canonical_abi['resource_clone_rb-abi-value'] = i => {
+          const obj = this._resource1_slab.get(i);
+          return this._resource1_slab.insert(obj.clone())
+        };
+        imports.canonical_abi['resource_get_rb-abi-value'] = i => {
+          return this._resource1_slab.get(i)._wasm_val;
+        };
+        imports.canonical_abi['resource_new_rb-abi-value'] = i => {
+          this._registry1;
+          return this._resource1_slab.insert(new RbAbiValue(i, this));
+        };
       }
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectApply(resources0.get(arg0), resources0.get(arg1), result0);
-      const variant1 = ret0;
-      switch (variant1.tag) {
-        case "success": {
-          const e = variant1.val;
-          data_view(memory).setInt8(arg4 + 0, 0, true);
-          data_view(memory).setInt32(arg4 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
-          break;
-        }
-        case "failure": {
-          const e = variant1.val;
-          data_view(memory).setInt8(arg4 + 0, 1, true);
-          data_view(memory).setInt32(arg4 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
-          break;
+      
+      async instantiate(module, imports) {
+        imports = imports || {};
+        this.addToImports(imports);
+        
+        if (module instanceof WebAssembly.Instance) {
+          this.instance = module;
+        } else if (module instanceof WebAssembly.Module) {
+          this.instance = await WebAssembly.instantiate(module, imports);
+        } else if (module instanceof ArrayBuffer || module instanceof Uint8Array) {
+          const { instance } = await WebAssembly.instantiate(module, imports);
+          this.instance = instance;
+        } else {
+          const { instance } = await WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(module, imports);
+          this.instance = instance;
         }
-        default:
-        throw new RangeError("invalid variant specified for JsAbiResult");
+        this._exports = this.instance.exports;
+        this._registry0 = new FinalizationRegistry(this._exports['canonical_abi_drop_rb-iseq']);
+        this._registry1 = new FinalizationRegistry(this._exports['canonical_abi_drop_rb-abi-value']);
       }
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-construct: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, arguments: list<handle<js-abi-value>>) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const len0 = arg2;
-      const base0 = arg1;
-      const result0 = [];
-      for (let i = 0; i < len0; i++) {
-        const base = base0 + i * 4;
-        result0.push(resources0.get(data_view(memory).getInt32(base + 0, true)));
+      rubyShowVersion() {
+        this._exports['ruby-show-version: func() -> ()']();
       }
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectConstruct(resources0.get(arg0), result0);
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-delete-property: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, property-key: string) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const ptr0 = arg1;
-      const len0 = arg2;
-      const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectDeleteProperty(resources0.get(arg0), result0);
-      return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-get: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, property-key: string) -> variant { success(handle<js-abi-value>), failure(handle<js-abi-value>) }"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const ptr0 = arg1;
-      const len0 = arg2;
-      const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectGet(resources0.get(arg0), result0);
-      const variant1 = ret0;
-      switch (variant1.tag) {
-        case "success": {
-          const e = variant1.val;
-          data_view(memory).setInt8(arg3 + 0, 0, true);
-          data_view(memory).setInt32(arg3 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
-          break;
-        }
-        case "failure": {
-          const e = variant1.val;
-          data_view(memory).setInt8(arg3 + 0, 1, true);
-          data_view(memory).setInt32(arg3 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
-          break;
-        }
-        default:
-        throw new RangeError("invalid variant specified for JsAbiResult");
-      }
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-get-own-property-descriptor: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, property-key: string) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const ptr0 = arg1;
-      const len0 = arg2;
-      const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(resources0.get(arg0), result0);
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-get-prototype-of: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectGetPrototypeOf(resources0.get(arg0));
-      return resources0.insert(ret0);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-has: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, property-key: string) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const ptr0 = arg1;
-      const len0 = arg2;
-      const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectHas(resources0.get(arg0), result0);
-      return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-is-extensible: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0) {
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectIsExtensible(resources0.get(arg0));
-      return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-own-keys: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>) -> list<handle<js-abi-value>>"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const realloc = get_export("cabi_realloc");
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectOwnKeys(resources0.get(arg0));
-      const vec0 = ret0;
-      const len0 = vec0.length;
-      const result0 = realloc(0, 0, 4, len0 * 4);
-      for (let i = 0; i < vec0.length; i++) {
-        const e = vec0[i];
-        const base = result0 + i * 4;
-        data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 0, resources0.insert(e), true);
+      rubyInit() {
+        this._exports['ruby-init: func() -> ()']();
       }
-      data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 4, len0, true);
-      data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 0, result0, true);
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-prevent-extensions: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0) {
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectPreventExtensions(resources0.get(arg0));
-      return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-set: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, property-key: string, value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> variant { success(handle<js-abi-value>), failure(handle<js-abi-value>) }"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4) {
-      const memory = get_export("memory");
-      const ptr0 = arg1;
-      const len0 = arg2;
-      const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectSet(resources0.get(arg0), result0, resources0.get(arg3));
-      const variant1 = ret0;
-      switch (variant1.tag) {
-        case "success": {
-          const e = variant1.val;
-          data_view(memory).setInt8(arg4 + 0, 0, true);
-          data_view(memory).setInt32(arg4 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
-          break;
-        }
-        case "failure": {
-          const e = variant1.val;
-          data_view(memory).setInt8(arg4 + 0, 1, true);
-          data_view(memory).setInt32(arg4 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
-          break;
+      rubySysinit(arg0) {
+        const memory = this._exports.memory;
+        const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
+        const vec1 = arg0;
+        const len1 = vec1.length;
+        const result1 = realloc(0, 0, 4, len1 * 8);
+        for (let i = 0; i < vec1.length; i++) {
+          const e = vec1[i];
+          const base = result1 + i * 8;
+          const ptr0 = utf8_encode(e, realloc, memory);
+          const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
+          data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 4, len0, true);
+          data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 0, ptr0, true);
         }
-        default:
-        throw new RangeError("invalid variant specified for JsAbiResult");
-      }
-    };
-    imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-set-prototype-of: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, prototype: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
-      const ret0 = obj.reflectSetPrototypeOf(resources0.get(arg0), resources0.get(arg1));
-      return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
-    };
-    if (!("canonical_abi" in imports)) imports["canonical_abi"] = {};
-    
-    const resources0 = new Slab();
-    imports.canonical_abi["resource_drop_js-abi-value"] = (i) => {
-      const val = resources0.remove(i);
-      if (obj.dropJsAbiValue)
-      obj.dropJsAbiValue(val);
-    };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Create a console printer that can be used as an overlay of WASI imports.
-   * See the example below for how to use it.
-   *
-   * ```javascript
-   * const imports = {
-   *  "wasi_snapshot_preview1": wasi.wasiImport,
-   * }
-   * const printer = consolePrinter();
-   * printer.addToImports(imports);
-   *
-   * const instance = await WebAssembly.instantiate(module, imports);
-   * printer.setMemory(instance.exports.memory);
-   * ```
-   *
-   * Note that the `stdout` and `stderr` functions are called with text, not
-   * bytes. This means that bytes written to stdout/stderr will be decoded as
-   * UTF-8 and then passed to the `stdout`/`stderr` functions every time a write
-   * occurs without buffering.
-   *
-   * @param stdout A function that will be called when stdout is written to.
-   *               Defaults to `console.log`.
-   * @param stderr A function that will be called when stderr is written to.
-   *               Defaults to `console.warn`.
-   * @returns An object that can be used as an overlay of WASI imports.
-   */
-  function consolePrinter({ stdout, stderr, } = {
-      stdout: console.log,
-      stderr: console.warn,
-  }) {
-      let memory = undefined;
-      let _view = undefined;
-      function getMemoryView() {
-          if (typeof memory === "undefined") {
-              throw new Error("Memory is not set");
-          }
-          if (_view === undefined || _view.buffer.byteLength === 0) {
-              _view = new DataView(memory.buffer);
-          }
-          return _view;
+        this._exports['ruby-sysinit: func(args: list<string>) -> ()'](result1, len1);
       }
-      const decoder = new TextDecoder();
-      return {
-          addToImports(imports) {
-              const wasiImport = imports.wasi_snapshot_preview1;
-              const original_fd_write = wasiImport.fd_write;
-              wasiImport.fd_write = (fd, iovs, iovsLen, nwritten) => {
-                  if (fd !== 1 && fd !== 2) {
-                      return original_fd_write(fd, iovs, iovsLen, nwritten);
-                  }
-                  const view = getMemoryView();
-                  const buffers = Array.from({ length: iovsLen }, (_, i) => {
-                      const ptr = iovs + i * 8;
-                      const buf = view.getUint32(ptr, true);
-                      const bufLen = view.getUint32(ptr + 4, true);
-                      return new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, buf, bufLen);
-                  });
-                  let written = 0;
-                  let str = "";
-                  for (const buffer of buffers) {
-                      str += decoder.decode(buffer);
-                      written += buffer.byteLength;
-                  }
-                  view.setUint32(nwritten, written, true);
-                  const log = fd === 1 ? stdout : stderr;
-                  log(str);
-                  return 0;
-              };
-              const original_fd_filestat_get = wasiImport.fd_filestat_get;
-              wasiImport.fd_filestat_get = (fd, filestat) => {
-                  if (fd !== 1 && fd !== 2) {
-                      return original_fd_filestat_get(fd, filestat);
-                  }
-                  const view = getMemoryView();
-                  const result = original_fd_filestat_get(fd, filestat);
-                  if (result !== 0) {
-                      return result;
-                  }
-                  const filetypePtr = filestat + 0;
-                  view.setUint8(filetypePtr, 2); // FILETYPE_CHARACTER_DEVICE
-                  return 0;
-              };
-              const original_fd_fdstat_get = wasiImport.fd_fdstat_get;
-              wasiImport.fd_fdstat_get = (fd, fdstat) => {
-                  if (fd !== 1 && fd !== 2) {
-                      return original_fd_fdstat_get(fd, fdstat);
-                  }
-                  const view = getMemoryView();
-                  const fs_filetypePtr = fdstat + 0;
-                  view.setUint8(fs_filetypePtr, 2); // FILETYPE_CHARACTER_DEVICE
-                  const fs_rights_basePtr = fdstat + 8;
-                  view.setBigUint64(fs_rights_basePtr, BigInt(1)); // RIGHTS_FD_WRITE
-                  return 0;
-              };
-          },
-          setMemory(m) {
-              memory = m;
-          },
-      };
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A Ruby VM instance
-   *
-   * @example
-   *
-   * const wasi = new WASI();
-   * const vm = new RubyVM();
-   * const imports = {
-   *   wasi_snapshot_preview1: wasi.wasiImport,
-   * };
-   *
-   * vm.addToImports(imports);
-   *
-   * const instance = await WebAssembly.instantiate(rubyModule, imports);
-   * await vm.setInstance(instance);
-   * wasi.initialize(instance);
-   * vm.initialize();
-   *
-   */
-  class RubyVM {
-      constructor() {
-          this.instance = null;
-          this.interfaceState = {
-              hasJSFrameAfterRbFrame: false,
-          };
-          // Wrap exported functions from Ruby VM to prohibit nested VM operation
-          // if the call stack has sandwitched JS frames like JS -> Ruby -> JS -> Ruby.
-          const proxyExports = (exports) => {
-              const excludedMethods = [
-                  "addToImports",
-                  "instantiate",
-                  "rbSetShouldProhibitRewind",
-                  "rbGcDisable",
-                  "rbGcEnable",
-              ];
-              const excluded = ["constructor"].concat(excludedMethods);
-              // wrap all methods in RbAbi.RbAbiGuest class
-              for (const key of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(RbAbiGuest.prototype)) {
-                  if (excluded.includes(key)) {
-                      continue;
-                  }
-                  const value = exports[key];
-                  if (typeof value === "function") {
-                      exports[key] = (...args) => {
-                          const isNestedVMCall = this.interfaceState.hasJSFrameAfterRbFrame;
-                          if (isNestedVMCall) {
-                              const oldShouldProhibitRewind = this.guest.rbSetShouldProhibitRewind(true);
-                              const oldIsDisabledGc = this.guest.rbGcDisable();
-                              const result = Reflect.apply(value, exports, args);
-                              this.guest.rbSetShouldProhibitRewind(oldShouldProhibitRewind);
-                              if (!oldIsDisabledGc) {
-                                  this.guest.rbGcEnable();
-                              }
-                              return result;
-                          }
-                          else {
-                              return Reflect.apply(value, exports, args);
-                          }
-                      };
-                  }
-              }
-              return exports;
-          };
-          this.guest = proxyExports(new RbAbiGuest());
-          this.transport = new JsValueTransport();
-          this.exceptionFormatter = new RbExceptionFormatter();
-      }
-      /**
-       * Initialize the Ruby VM with the given command line arguments
-       * @param args The command line arguments to pass to Ruby. Must be
-       * an array of strings starting with the Ruby program name.
-       */
-      initialize(args = ["ruby.wasm", "--disable-gems", "-EUTF-8", "-e_=0"]) {
-          const c_args = args.map((arg) => arg + "\0");
-          this.guest.rubyInit();
-          this.guest.rubySysinit(c_args);
-          this.guest.rubyOptions(c_args);
-      }
-      /**
-       * Set a given instance to interact JavaScript and Ruby's
-       * WebAssembly instance. This method must be called before calling
-       * Ruby API.
-       *
-       * @param instance The WebAssembly instance to interact with. Must
-       * be instantiated from a Ruby built with JS extension, and built
-       * with Reactor ABI instead of command line.
-       */
-      async setInstance(instance) {
-          this.instance = instance;
-          await this.guest.instantiate(instance);
-      }
-      /**
-       * Add intrinsic import entries, which is necessary to interact JavaScript
-       * and Ruby's WebAssembly instance.
-       * @param imports The import object to add to the WebAssembly instance
-       */
-      addToImports(imports) {
-          this.guest.addToImports(imports);
-          function wrapTry(f) {
-              return (...args) => {
-                  try {
-                      return { tag: "success", val: f(...args) };
-                  }
-                  catch (e) {
-                      if (e instanceof RbFatalError) {
-                          // RbFatalError should not be caught by Ruby because it Ruby VM
-                          // can be already in an inconsistent state.
-                          throw e;
-                      }
-                      return { tag: "failure", val: e };
-                  }
-              };
-          }
-          imports["rb-js-abi-host"] = {
-              rb_wasm_throw_prohibit_rewind_exception: (messagePtr, messageLen) => {
-                  const memory = this.instance.exports.memory;
-                  const str = new TextDecoder().decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, messagePtr, messageLen));
-                  throw new RbFatalError("Ruby APIs that may rewind the VM stack are prohibited under nested VM operation " +
-                      `(${str})\n` +
-                      "Nested VM operation means that the call stack has sandwitched JS frames like JS -> Ruby -> JS -> Ruby " +
-                      "caused by something like `window.rubyVM.eval(\"JS.global[:rubyVM].eval('Fiber.yield')\")`\n" +
-                      "\n" +
-                      "Please check your call stack and make sure that you are **not** doing any of the following inside the nested Ruby frame:\n" +
-                      "  1. Switching fibers (e.g. Fiber#resume, Fiber.yield, and Fiber#transfer)\n" +
-                      "     Note that `evalAsync` JS API switches fibers internally\n" +
-                      "  2. Raising uncaught exceptions\n" +
-                      "     Please catch all exceptions inside the nested operation\n" +
-                      "  3. Calling Continuation APIs\n");
-              },
-          };
-          // NOTE: The GC may collect objects that are still referenced by Wasm
-          // locals because Asyncify cannot scan the Wasm stack above the JS frame.
-          // So we need to keep track whether the JS frame is sandwitched by Ruby
-          // frames or not, and prohibit nested VM operation if it is.
-          const proxyImports = (imports) => {
-              for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(imports)) {
-                  if (typeof value === "function") {
-                      imports[key] = (...args) => {
-                          const oldValue = this.interfaceState.hasJSFrameAfterRbFrame;
-                          this.interfaceState.hasJSFrameAfterRbFrame = true;
-                          const result = Reflect.apply(value, imports, args);
-                          this.interfaceState.hasJSFrameAfterRbFrame = oldValue;
-                          return result;
-                      };
-                  }
-              }
-              return imports;
-          };
-          addRbJsAbiHostToImports(imports, proxyImports({
-              evalJs: wrapTry((code) => {
-                  return Function(code)();
-              }),
-              isJs: (value) => {
-                  // Just for compatibility with the old JS API
-                  return true;
-              },
-              globalThis: () => {
-                  if (typeof globalThis !== "undefined") {
-                      return globalThis;
-                  }
-                  else if (typeof global !== "undefined") {
-                      return global;
-                  }
-                  else if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
-                      return window;
-                  }
-                  throw new Error("unable to locate global object");
-              },
-              intToJsNumber: (value) => {
-                  return value;
-              },
-              floatToJsNumber: (value) => {
-                  return value;
-              },
-              stringToJsString: (value) => {
-                  return value;
-              },
-              boolToJsBool: (value) => {
-                  return value;
-              },
-              procToJsFunction: (rawRbAbiValue) => {
-                  const rbValue = this.rbValueOfPointer(rawRbAbiValue);
-                  return (...args) => {
-                      rbValue.call("call", ...args.map((arg) => this.wrap(arg)));
-                  };
-              },
-              rbObjectToJsRbValue: (rawRbAbiValue) => {
-                  return this.rbValueOfPointer(rawRbAbiValue);
-              },
-              jsValueToString: (value) => {
-                  // According to the [spec](https://tc39.es/ecma262/multipage/text-processing.html#sec-string-constructor-string-value)
-                  // `String(value)` always returns a string.
-                  return String(value);
-              },
-              jsValueToInteger(value) {
-                  if (typeof value === "number") {
-                      return { tag: "f64", val: value };
-                  }
-                  else if (typeof value === "bigint") {
-                      return { tag: "bignum", val: BigInt(value).toString(10) + "\0" };
-                  }
-                  else if (typeof value === "string") {
-                      return { tag: "bignum", val: value + "\0" };
-                  }
-                  else if (typeof value === "undefined") {
-                      return { tag: "f64", val: 0 };
-                  }
-                  else {
-                      return { tag: "f64", val: Number(value) };
-                  }
-              },
-              exportJsValueToHost: (value) => {
-                  // See `JsValueExporter` for the reason why we need to do this
-                  this.transport.takeJsValue(value);
-              },
-              importJsValueFromHost: () => {
-                  return this.transport.consumeJsValue();
-              },
-              instanceOf: (value, klass) => {
-                  if (typeof klass === "function") {
-                      return value instanceof klass;
-                  }
-                  else {
-                      return false;
-                  }
-              },
-              jsValueTypeof(value) {
-                  return typeof value;
-              },
-              jsValueEqual(lhs, rhs) {
-                  return lhs == rhs;
-              },
-              jsValueStrictlyEqual(lhs, rhs) {
-                  return lhs === rhs;
-              },
-              reflectApply: wrapTry((target, thisArgument, args) => {
-                  return Reflect.apply(target, thisArgument, args);
-              }),
-              reflectConstruct: function (target, args) {
-                  throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
-              },
-              reflectDeleteProperty: function (target, propertyKey) {
-                  throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
-              },
-              reflectGet: wrapTry((target, propertyKey) => {
-                  return target[propertyKey];
-              }),
-              reflectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor: function (target, propertyKey) {
-                  throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
-              },
-              reflectGetPrototypeOf: function (target) {
-                  throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
-              },
-              reflectHas: function (target, propertyKey) {
-                  throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
-              },
-              reflectIsExtensible: function (target) {
-                  throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
-              },
-              reflectOwnKeys: function (target) {
-                  throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
-              },
-              reflectPreventExtensions: function (target) {
-                  throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
-              },
-              reflectSet: wrapTry((target, propertyKey, value) => {
-                  return Reflect.set(target, propertyKey, value);
-              }),
-              reflectSetPrototypeOf: function (target, prototype) {
-                  throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
-              },
-          }), (name) => {
-              return this.instance.exports[name];
-          });
+      rubyOptions(arg0) {
+        const memory = this._exports.memory;
+        const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
+        const vec1 = arg0;
+        const len1 = vec1.length;
+        const result1 = realloc(0, 0, 4, len1 * 8);
+        for (let i = 0; i < vec1.length; i++) {
+          const e = vec1[i];
+          const base = result1 + i * 8;
+          const ptr0 = utf8_encode(e, realloc, memory);
+          const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
+          data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 4, len0, true);
+          data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 0, ptr0, true);
+        }
+        const ret = this._exports['ruby-options: func(args: list<string>) -> handle<rb-iseq>'](result1, len1);
+        return this._resource0_slab.remove(ret);
       }
-      /**
-       * Print the Ruby version to stdout
-       */
-      printVersion() {
-          this.guest.rubyShowVersion();
+      rubyScript(arg0) {
+        const memory = this._exports.memory;
+        const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
+        const ptr0 = utf8_encode(arg0, realloc, memory);
+        const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
+        this._exports['ruby-script: func(name: string) -> ()'](ptr0, len0);
       }
-      /**
-       * Runs a string of Ruby code from JavaScript
-       * @param code The Ruby code to run
-       * @returns the result of the last expression
-       *
-       * @example
-       * vm.eval("puts 'hello world'");
-       * const result = vm.eval("1 + 2");
-       * console.log(result.toString()); // 3
-       *
-       */
-      eval(code) {
-          return evalRbCode(this, this.privateObject(), code);
+      rubyInitLoadpath() {
+        this._exports['ruby-init-loadpath: func() -> ()']();
       }
-      /**
-       * Runs a string of Ruby code with top-level `JS::Object#await`
-       * Returns a promise that resolves when execution completes.
-       * @param code The Ruby code to run
-       * @returns a promise that resolves to the result of the last expression
-       *
-       * @example
-       * const text = await vm.evalAsync(`
-       *   require 'js'
-       *   response = JS.global.fetch('https://example.com').await
-       *   response.text.await
-       * `);
-       * console.log(text.toString()); // <html>...</html>
-       */
-      evalAsync(code) {
-          const JS = this.eval("require 'js'; JS");
-          return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-              JS.call("__eval_async_rb", this.wrap(code), this.wrap({
-                  resolve,
-                  reject: (error) => {
-                      reject(new RbError(this.exceptionFormatter.format(error, this, this.privateObject())));
-                  },
-              }));
-          });
+      rbEvalStringProtect(arg0) {
+        const memory = this._exports.memory;
+        const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
+        const ptr0 = utf8_encode(arg0, realloc, memory);
+        const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
+        const ret = this._exports['rb-eval-string-protect: func(str: string) -> tuple<handle<rb-abi-value>, s32>'](ptr0, len0);
+        return [this._resource1_slab.remove(data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 0, true)), data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 4, true)];
       }
-      /**
-       * Wrap a JavaScript value into a Ruby JS::Object
-       * @param value The value to convert to RbValue
-       * @returns the RbValue object representing the given JS value
-       *
-       * @example
-       * const hash = vm.eval(`Hash.new`)
-       * hash.call("store", vm.eval(`"key1"`), vm.wrap(new Object()));
-       */
-      wrap(value) {
-          return this.transport.importJsValue(value, this);
+      rbFuncallvProtect(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
+        const memory = this._exports.memory;
+        const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
+        const obj0 = arg0;
+        if (!(obj0 instanceof RbAbiValue)) throw new TypeError('expected instance of RbAbiValue');
+        const vec2 = arg2;
+        const len2 = vec2.length;
+        const result2 = realloc(0, 0, 4, len2 * 4);
+        for (let i = 0; i < vec2.length; i++) {
+          const e = vec2[i];
+          const base = result2 + i * 4;
+          const obj1 = e;
+          if (!(obj1 instanceof RbAbiValue)) throw new TypeError('expected instance of RbAbiValue');
+          data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 0, this._resource1_slab.insert(obj1.clone()), true);
+        }
+        const ret = this._exports['rb-funcallv-protect: func(recv: handle<rb-abi-value>, mid: u32, args: list<handle<rb-abi-value>>) -> tuple<handle<rb-abi-value>, s32>'](this._resource1_slab.insert(obj0.clone()), to_uint32(arg1), result2, len2);
+        return [this._resource1_slab.remove(data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 0, true)), data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 4, true)];
       }
-      /** @private */
-      privateObject() {
-          return {
-              transport: this.transport,
-              exceptionFormatter: this.exceptionFormatter,
-          };
+      rbIntern(arg0) {
+        const memory = this._exports.memory;
+        const realloc = this._exports["cabi_realloc"];
+        const ptr0 = utf8_encode(arg0, realloc, memory);
+        const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
+        const ret = this._exports['rb-intern: func(name: string) -> u32'](ptr0, len0);
+        return ret >>> 0;
       }
-      /** @private */
-      rbValueOfPointer(pointer) {
-          const abiValue = new RbAbiValue(pointer, this.guest);
-          return new RbValue(abiValue, this, this.privateObject());
+      rbErrinfo() {
+        const ret = this._exports['rb-errinfo: func() -> handle<rb-abi-value>']();
+        return this._resource1_slab.remove(ret);
       }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Export a JS value held by the Ruby VM to the JS environment.
-   * This is implemented in a dirty way since wit cannot reference resources
-   * defined in other interfaces.
-   * In our case, we can't express `function(v: rb-abi-value) -> js-abi-value`
-   * because `rb-js-abi-host.wit`, that defines `js-abi-value`, is implemented
-   * by embedder side (JS) but `rb-abi-guest.wit`, that defines `rb-abi-value`
-   * is implemented by guest side (Wasm).
-   *
-   * This class is a helper to export by:
-   * 1. Call `function __export_to_js(v: rb-abi-value)` defined in guest from embedder side.
-   * 2. Call `function takeJsValue(v: js-abi-value)` defined in embedder from guest side with
-   *    underlying JS value of given `rb-abi-value`.
-   * 3. Then `takeJsValue` implementation escapes the given JS value to the `_takenJsValues`
-   *    stored in embedder side.
-   * 4. Finally, embedder side can take `_takenJsValues`.
-   *
-   * Note that `exportJsValue` is not reentrant.
-   *
-   * @private
-   */
-  class JsValueTransport {
-      constructor() {
-          this._takenJsValue = null;
+      rbClearErrinfo() {
+        this._exports['rb-clear-errinfo: func() -> ()']();
       }
-      takeJsValue(value) {
-          this._takenJsValue = value;
+      rstringPtr(arg0) {
+        const memory = this._exports.memory;
+        const obj0 = arg0;
+        if (!(obj0 instanceof RbAbiValue)) throw new TypeError('expected instance of RbAbiValue');
+        const ret = this._exports['rstring-ptr: func(value: handle<rb-abi-value>) -> string'](this._resource1_slab.insert(obj0.clone()));
+        const ptr1 = data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 0, true);
+        const len1 = data_view(memory).getInt32(ret + 4, true);
+        const result1 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr1, len1));
+        this._exports["cabi_post_rstring-ptr"](ret);
+        return result1;
       }
-      consumeJsValue() {
-          return this._takenJsValue;
+      rbVmBugreport() {
+        this._exports['rb-vm-bugreport: func() -> ()']();
       }
-      exportJsValue(value) {
-          value.call("__export_to_js");
-          return this._takenJsValue;
+      rbGcEnable() {
+        const ret = this._exports['rb-gc-enable: func() -> bool']();
+        const bool0 = ret;
+        return bool0 == 0 ? false : (bool0 == 1 ? true : throw_invalid_bool());
       }
-      importJsValue(value, vm) {
-          this._takenJsValue = value;
-          return vm.eval('require "js"; JS::Object').call("__import_from_js");
+      rbGcDisable() {
+        const ret = this._exports['rb-gc-disable: func() -> bool']();
+        const bool0 = ret;
+        return bool0 == 0 ? false : (bool0 == 1 ? true : throw_invalid_bool());
       }
-  }
-  /**
-   * A RbValue is an object that represents a value in Ruby
-   */
-  class RbValue {
-      /**
-       * @hideconstructor
-       */
-      constructor(inner, vm, privateObject) {
-          this.inner = inner;
-          this.vm = vm;
-          this.privateObject = privateObject;
+      rbSetShouldProhibitRewind(arg0) {
+        const ret = this._exports['rb-set-should-prohibit-rewind: func(new-value: bool) -> bool'](arg0 ? 1 : 0);
+        const bool0 = ret;
+        return bool0 == 0 ? false : (bool0 == 1 ? true : throw_invalid_bool());
       }
-      /**
-       * Call a given method with given arguments
-       *
-       * @param callee name of the Ruby method to call
-       * @param args arguments to pass to the method. Must be an array of RbValue
-       *
-       * @example
-       * const ary = vm.eval("[1, 2, 3]");
-       * ary.call("push", 4);
-       * console.log(ary.call("sample").toString());
-       *
-       */
-      call(callee, ...args) {
-          const innerArgs = args.map((arg) => arg.inner);
-          return new RbValue(callRbMethod(this.vm, this.privateObject, this.inner, callee, innerArgs), this.vm, this.privateObject);
+    }
+
+    class RbIseq {
+      constructor(wasm_val, obj) {
+        this._wasm_val = wasm_val;
+        this._obj = obj;
+        this._refcnt = 1;
+        obj._registry0.register(this, wasm_val, this);
       }
-      /**
-       * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/ja/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Symbol/toPrimitive}
-       * @param hint Preferred type of the result primitive value. `"number"`, `"string"`, or `"default"`.
-       */
-      [Symbol.toPrimitive](hint) {
-          if (hint === "string" || hint === "default") {
-              return this.toString();
-          }
-          else if (hint === "number") {
-              return null;
-          }
-          return null;
+      
+      clone() {
+        this._refcnt += 1;
+        return this;
       }
-      /**
-       * Returns a string representation of the value by calling `to_s`
-       */
-      toString() {
-          const rbString = callRbMethod(this.vm, this.privateObject, this.inner, "to_s", []);
-          return this.vm.guest.rstringPtr(rbString);
+      
+      drop() {
+        this._refcnt -= 1;
+        if (this._refcnt !== 0)
+        return;
+        this._obj._registry0.unregister(this);
+        const dtor = this._obj._exports['canonical_abi_drop_rb-iseq'];
+        const wasm_val = this._wasm_val;
+        delete this._obj;
+        delete this._refcnt;
+        delete this._wasm_val;
+        dtor(wasm_val);
       }
-      /**
-       * Returns a JavaScript object representation of the value
-       * by calling `to_js`.
-       *
-       * Returns null if the value is not convertible to a JavaScript object.
-       */
-      toJS() {
-          const JS = this.vm.eval("JS");
-          const jsValue = JS.call("try_convert", this);
-          if (jsValue.call("nil?").toString() === "true") {
-              return null;
-          }
-          return this.privateObject.transport.exportJsValue(jsValue);
+    }
+
+    class RbAbiValue {
+      constructor(wasm_val, obj) {
+        this._wasm_val = wasm_val;
+        this._obj = obj;
+        this._refcnt = 1;
+        obj._registry1.register(this, wasm_val, this);
       }
-  }
-  var ruby_tag_type;
-  (function (ruby_tag_type) {
-      ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["None"] = 0] = "None";
-      ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Return"] = 1] = "Return";
-      ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Break"] = 2] = "Break";
-      ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Next"] = 3] = "Next";
-      ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Retry"] = 4] = "Retry";
-      ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Redo"] = 5] = "Redo";
-      ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Raise"] = 6] = "Raise";
-      ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Throw"] = 7] = "Throw";
-      ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Fatal"] = 8] = "Fatal";
-      ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Mask"] = 15] = "Mask";
-  })(ruby_tag_type || (ruby_tag_type = {}));
-  class RbExceptionFormatter {
-      constructor() {
-          this.literalsCache = null;
-          this.isFormmatting = false;
+      
+      clone() {
+        this._refcnt += 1;
+        return this;
       }
-      format(error, vm, privateObject) {
-          // All Ruby exceptions raised during formatting exception message should
-          // be caught and return a fallback message.
-          // Therefore, we don't need to worry about infinite recursion here ideally
-          // but checking re-entrancy just in case.
-          class RbExceptionFormatterError extends Error {
-          }
-          if (this.isFormmatting) {
-              throw new RbExceptionFormatterError("Unexpected exception occurred during formatting exception message");
-          }
-          this.isFormmatting = true;
-          try {
-              return this._format(error, vm, privateObject);
-          }
-          finally {
-              this.isFormmatting = false;
-          }
+      
+      drop() {
+        this._refcnt -= 1;
+        if (this._refcnt !== 0)
+        return;
+        this._obj._registry1.unregister(this);
+        const dtor = this._obj._exports['canonical_abi_drop_rb-abi-value'];
+        const wasm_val = this._wasm_val;
+        delete this._obj;
+        delete this._refcnt;
+        delete this._wasm_val;
+        dtor(wasm_val);
       }
-      _format(error, vm, privateObject) {
-          const [zeroLiteral, oneLiteral, newLineLiteral] = (() => {
-              if (this.literalsCache == null) {
-                  const zeroOneNewLine = [
-                      evalRbCode(vm, privateObject, "0"),
-                      evalRbCode(vm, privateObject, "1"),
-                      evalRbCode(vm, privateObject, `"\n"`),
-                  ];
-                  this.literalsCache = zeroOneNewLine;
-                  return zeroOneNewLine;
-              }
-              else {
-                  return this.literalsCache;
-              }
-          })();
-          let className;
-          let backtrace;
-          let message;
-          try {
-              className = error.call("class").toString();
-          }
-          catch (e) {
-              className = "unknown";
-          }
-          try {
-              message = error.toString();
-          }
-          catch (e) {
-              message = "unknown";
+    }
+
+    function addRbJsAbiHostToImports(imports, obj, get_export) {
+      if (!("rb-js-abi-host" in imports)) imports["rb-js-abi-host"] = {};
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["eval-js: func(code: string) -> variant { success(handle<js-abi-value>), failure(handle<js-abi-value>) }"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const ptr0 = arg0;
+        const len0 = arg1;
+        const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
+        const ret0 = obj.evalJs(result0);
+        const variant1 = ret0;
+        switch (variant1.tag) {
+          case "success": {
+            const e = variant1.val;
+            data_view(memory).setInt8(arg2 + 0, 0, true);
+            data_view(memory).setInt32(arg2 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
+            break;
           }
-          try {
-              backtrace = error.call("backtrace");
+          case "failure": {
+            const e = variant1.val;
+            data_view(memory).setInt8(arg2 + 0, 1, true);
+            data_view(memory).setInt32(arg2 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
+            break;
           }
-          catch (e) {
-              return this.formatString(className, message);
+          default:
+          throw new RangeError("invalid variant specified for JsAbiResult");
+        }
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["is-js: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0) {
+        const ret0 = obj.isJs(resources0.get(arg0));
+        return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["instance-of: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>, klass: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
+        const ret0 = obj.instanceOf(resources0.get(arg0), resources0.get(arg1));
+        return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["global-this: func() -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function() {
+        const ret0 = obj.globalThis();
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["int-to-js-number: func(value: s32) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
+        const ret0 = obj.intToJsNumber(arg0);
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["float-to-js-number: func(value: float64) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
+        const ret0 = obj.floatToJsNumber(arg0);
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["string-to-js-string: func(value: string) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const ptr0 = arg0;
+        const len0 = arg1;
+        const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
+        const ret0 = obj.stringToJsString(result0);
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["bool-to-js-bool: func(value: bool) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
+        const bool0 = arg0;
+        const ret0 = obj.boolToJsBool(bool0 == 0 ? false : (bool0 == 1 ? true : throw_invalid_bool()));
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["proc-to-js-function: func(value: u32) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
+        const ret0 = obj.procToJsFunction(arg0 >>> 0);
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["rb-object-to-js-rb-value: func(raw-rb-abi-value: u32) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
+        const ret0 = obj.rbObjectToJsRbValue(arg0 >>> 0);
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["js-value-to-string: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> string"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const realloc = get_export("cabi_realloc");
+        const ret0 = obj.jsValueToString(resources0.get(arg0));
+        const ptr0 = utf8_encode(ret0, realloc, memory);
+        const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
+        data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 4, len0, true);
+        data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 0, ptr0, true);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["js-value-to-integer: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> variant { f64(float64), bignum(string) }"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const realloc = get_export("cabi_realloc");
+        const ret0 = obj.jsValueToInteger(resources0.get(arg0));
+        const variant1 = ret0;
+        switch (variant1.tag) {
+          case "f64": {
+            const e = variant1.val;
+            data_view(memory).setInt8(arg1 + 0, 0, true);
+            data_view(memory).setFloat64(arg1 + 8, +e, true);
+            break;
           }
-          if (backtrace.call("nil?").toString() === "true") {
-              return this.formatString(className, message);
+          case "bignum": {
+            const e = variant1.val;
+            data_view(memory).setInt8(arg1 + 0, 1, true);
+            const ptr0 = utf8_encode(e, realloc, memory);
+            const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
+            data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 12, len0, true);
+            data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 8, ptr0, true);
+            break;
           }
-          try {
-              const firstLine = backtrace.call("at", zeroLiteral);
-              const restLines = backtrace
-                  .call("drop", oneLiteral)
-                  .call("join", newLineLiteral);
-              return this.formatString(className, message, [
-                  firstLine.toString(),
-                  restLines.toString(),
-              ]);
+          default:
+          throw new RangeError("invalid variant specified for RawInteger");
+        }
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["export-js-value-to-host: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> ()"] = function(arg0) {
+        obj.exportJsValueToHost(resources0.get(arg0));
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["import-js-value-from-host: func() -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function() {
+        const ret0 = obj.importJsValueFromHost();
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["js-value-typeof: func(value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> string"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const realloc = get_export("cabi_realloc");
+        const ret0 = obj.jsValueTypeof(resources0.get(arg0));
+        const ptr0 = utf8_encode(ret0, realloc, memory);
+        const len0 = UTF8_ENCODED_LEN;
+        data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 4, len0, true);
+        data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 0, ptr0, true);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["js-value-equal: func(lhs: handle<js-abi-value>, rhs: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
+        const ret0 = obj.jsValueEqual(resources0.get(arg0), resources0.get(arg1));
+        return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["js-value-strictly-equal: func(lhs: handle<js-abi-value>, rhs: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
+        const ret0 = obj.jsValueStrictlyEqual(resources0.get(arg0), resources0.get(arg1));
+        return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-apply: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, this-argument: handle<js-abi-value>, arguments: list<handle<js-abi-value>>) -> variant { success(handle<js-abi-value>), failure(handle<js-abi-value>) }"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const len0 = arg3;
+        const base0 = arg2;
+        const result0 = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < len0; i++) {
+          const base = base0 + i * 4;
+          result0.push(resources0.get(data_view(memory).getInt32(base + 0, true)));
+        }
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectApply(resources0.get(arg0), resources0.get(arg1), result0);
+        const variant1 = ret0;
+        switch (variant1.tag) {
+          case "success": {
+            const e = variant1.val;
+            data_view(memory).setInt8(arg4 + 0, 0, true);
+            data_view(memory).setInt32(arg4 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
+            break;
           }
-          catch (e) {
-              return this.formatString(className, message);
+          case "failure": {
+            const e = variant1.val;
+            data_view(memory).setInt8(arg4 + 0, 1, true);
+            data_view(memory).setInt32(arg4 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
+            break;
           }
-      }
-      formatString(klass, message, backtrace) {
-          if (backtrace) {
-              return `${backtrace[0]}: ${message} (${klass})\n${backtrace[1]}`;
+          default:
+          throw new RangeError("invalid variant specified for JsAbiResult");
+        }
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-construct: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, arguments: list<handle<js-abi-value>>) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const len0 = arg2;
+        const base0 = arg1;
+        const result0 = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < len0; i++) {
+          const base = base0 + i * 4;
+          result0.push(resources0.get(data_view(memory).getInt32(base + 0, true)));
+        }
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectConstruct(resources0.get(arg0), result0);
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-delete-property: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, property-key: string) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const ptr0 = arg1;
+        const len0 = arg2;
+        const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectDeleteProperty(resources0.get(arg0), result0);
+        return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-get: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, property-key: string) -> variant { success(handle<js-abi-value>), failure(handle<js-abi-value>) }"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const ptr0 = arg1;
+        const len0 = arg2;
+        const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectGet(resources0.get(arg0), result0);
+        const variant1 = ret0;
+        switch (variant1.tag) {
+          case "success": {
+            const e = variant1.val;
+            data_view(memory).setInt8(arg3 + 0, 0, true);
+            data_view(memory).setInt32(arg3 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
+            break;
           }
-          else {
-              return `${klass}: ${message}`;
+          case "failure": {
+            const e = variant1.val;
+            data_view(memory).setInt8(arg3 + 0, 1, true);
+            data_view(memory).setInt32(arg3 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
+            break;
           }
-      }
-  }
-  const checkStatusTag = (rawTag, vm, privateObject) => {
-      switch (rawTag & ruby_tag_type.Mask) {
-          case ruby_tag_type.None:
-              break;
-          case ruby_tag_type.Return:
-              throw new RbError("unexpected return");
-          case ruby_tag_type.Next:
-              throw new RbError("unexpected next");
-          case ruby_tag_type.Break:
-              throw new RbError("unexpected break");
-          case ruby_tag_type.Redo:
-              throw new RbError("unexpected redo");
-          case ruby_tag_type.Retry:
-              throw new RbError("retry outside of rescue clause");
-          case ruby_tag_type.Throw:
-              throw new RbError("unexpected throw");
-          case ruby_tag_type.Raise:
-          case ruby_tag_type.Fatal:
-              const error = new RbValue(vm.guest.rbErrinfo(), vm, privateObject);
-              if (error.call("nil?").toString() === "true") {
-                  throw new RbError("no exception object");
-              }
-              // clear errinfo if got exception due to no rb_jump_tag
-              vm.guest.rbClearErrinfo();
-              throw new RbError(privateObject.exceptionFormatter.format(error, vm, privateObject));
           default:
-              throw new RbError(`unknown error tag: ${rawTag}`);
-      }
-  };
-  function wrapRbOperation(vm, body) {
-      try {
-          return body();
-      }
-      catch (e) {
-          if (e instanceof RbError) {
-              throw e;
-          }
-          // All JS exceptions triggered by Ruby code are translated to Ruby exceptions,
-          // so non-RbError exceptions are unexpected.
-          vm.guest.rbVmBugreport();
-          if (e instanceof WebAssembly.RuntimeError && e.message === "unreachable") {
-              const error = new RbError(`Something went wrong in Ruby VM: ${e}`);
-              error.stack = e.stack;
-              throw error;
+          throw new RangeError("invalid variant specified for JsAbiResult");
+        }
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-get-own-property-descriptor: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, property-key: string) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const ptr0 = arg1;
+        const len0 = arg2;
+        const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor(resources0.get(arg0), result0);
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-get-prototype-of: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>) -> handle<js-abi-value>"] = function(arg0) {
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectGetPrototypeOf(resources0.get(arg0));
+        return resources0.insert(ret0);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-has: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, property-key: string) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const ptr0 = arg1;
+        const len0 = arg2;
+        const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectHas(resources0.get(arg0), result0);
+        return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-is-extensible: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0) {
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectIsExtensible(resources0.get(arg0));
+        return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-own-keys: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>) -> list<handle<js-abi-value>>"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const realloc = get_export("cabi_realloc");
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectOwnKeys(resources0.get(arg0));
+        const vec0 = ret0;
+        const len0 = vec0.length;
+        const result0 = realloc(0, 0, 4, len0 * 4);
+        for (let i = 0; i < vec0.length; i++) {
+          const e = vec0[i];
+          const base = result0 + i * 4;
+          data_view(memory).setInt32(base + 0, resources0.insert(e), true);
+        }
+        data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 4, len0, true);
+        data_view(memory).setInt32(arg1 + 0, result0, true);
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-prevent-extensions: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0) {
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectPreventExtensions(resources0.get(arg0));
+        return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-set: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, property-key: string, value: handle<js-abi-value>) -> variant { success(handle<js-abi-value>), failure(handle<js-abi-value>) }"] = function(arg0, arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4) {
+        const memory = get_export("memory");
+        const ptr0 = arg1;
+        const len0 = arg2;
+        const result0 = UTF8_DECODER.decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, ptr0, len0));
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectSet(resources0.get(arg0), result0, resources0.get(arg3));
+        const variant1 = ret0;
+        switch (variant1.tag) {
+          case "success": {
+            const e = variant1.val;
+            data_view(memory).setInt8(arg4 + 0, 0, true);
+            data_view(memory).setInt32(arg4 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
+            break;
           }
-          else {
-              throw e;
+          case "failure": {
+            const e = variant1.val;
+            data_view(memory).setInt8(arg4 + 0, 1, true);
+            data_view(memory).setInt32(arg4 + 4, resources0.insert(e), true);
+            break;
           }
-      }
-  }
-  const callRbMethod = (vm, privateObject, recv, callee, args) => {
-      const mid = vm.guest.rbIntern(callee + "\0");
-      return wrapRbOperation(vm, () => {
-          const [value, status] = vm.guest.rbFuncallvProtect(recv, mid, args);
-          checkStatusTag(status, vm, privateObject);
-          return value;
-      });
-  };
-  const evalRbCode = (vm, privateObject, code) => {
-      return wrapRbOperation(vm, () => {
-          const [value, status] = vm.guest.rbEvalStringProtect(code + "\0");
-          checkStatusTag(status, vm, privateObject);
-          return new RbValue(value, vm, privateObject);
-      });
-  };
-  /**
-   * Error class thrown by Ruby execution
-   */
-  class RbError extends Error {
-      /**
-       * @hideconstructor
-       */
-      constructor(message) {
-          super(message);
-      }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Error class thrown by Ruby execution when it is not possible to recover.
-   * This is usually caused when Ruby VM is in an inconsistent state.
-   */
-  class RbFatalError extends RbError {
-      /**
-       * @hideconstructor
-       */
-      constructor(message) {
-          super("Ruby Fatal Error: " + message);
-      }
-  }
+          default:
+          throw new RangeError("invalid variant specified for JsAbiResult");
+        }
+      };
+      imports["rb-js-abi-host"]["reflect-set-prototype-of: func(target: handle<js-abi-value>, prototype: handle<js-abi-value>) -> bool"] = function(arg0, arg1) {
+        const ret0 = obj.reflectSetPrototypeOf(resources0.get(arg0), resources0.get(arg1));
+        return ret0 ? 1 : 0;
+      };
+      if (!("canonical_abi" in imports)) imports["canonical_abi"] = {};
+      
+      const resources0 = new Slab();
+      imports.canonical_abi["resource_drop_js-abi-value"] = (i) => {
+        const val = resources0.remove(i);
+        if (obj.dropJsAbiValue)
+        obj.dropJsAbiValue(val);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A Ruby VM instance
+     *
+     * @example
+     *
+     * const wasi = new WASI();
+     * const vm = new RubyVM();
+     * const imports = {
+     *   wasi_snapshot_preview1: wasi.wasiImport,
+     * };
+     *
+     * vm.addToImports(imports);
+     *
+     * const instance = await WebAssembly.instantiate(rubyModule, imports);
+     * await vm.setInstance(instance);
+     * wasi.initialize(instance);
+     * vm.initialize();
+     *
+     */
+    class RubyVM {
+        constructor() {
+            this.instance = null;
+            this.interfaceState = {
+                hasJSFrameAfterRbFrame: false,
+            };
+            // Wrap exported functions from Ruby VM to prohibit nested VM operation
+            // if the call stack has sandwitched JS frames like JS -> Ruby -> JS -> Ruby.
+            const proxyExports = (exports) => {
+                const excludedMethods = [
+                    "addToImports",
+                    "instantiate",
+                    "rbSetShouldProhibitRewind",
+                    "rbGcDisable",
+                    "rbGcEnable",
+                ];
+                const excluded = ["constructor"].concat(excludedMethods);
+                // wrap all methods in RbAbi.RbAbiGuest class
+                for (const key of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(RbAbiGuest.prototype)) {
+                    if (excluded.includes(key)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    const value = exports[key];
+                    if (typeof value === "function") {
+                        exports[key] = (...args) => {
+                            const isNestedVMCall = this.interfaceState.hasJSFrameAfterRbFrame;
+                            if (isNestedVMCall) {
+                                const oldShouldProhibitRewind = this.guest.rbSetShouldProhibitRewind(true);
+                                const oldIsDisabledGc = this.guest.rbGcDisable();
+                                const result = Reflect.apply(value, exports, args);
+                                this.guest.rbSetShouldProhibitRewind(oldShouldProhibitRewind);
+                                if (!oldIsDisabledGc) {
+                                    this.guest.rbGcEnable();
+                                }
+                                return result;
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                return Reflect.apply(value, exports, args);
+                            }
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+                return exports;
+            };
+            this.guest = proxyExports(new RbAbiGuest());
+            this.transport = new JsValueTransport();
+            this.exceptionFormatter = new RbExceptionFormatter();
+        }
+        /**
+         * Initialize the Ruby VM with the given command line arguments
+         * @param args The command line arguments to pass to Ruby. Must be
+         * an array of strings starting with the Ruby program name.
+         */
+        initialize(args = ["ruby.wasm", "-EUTF-8", "-e_=0"]) {
+            const c_args = args.map((arg) => arg + "\0");
+            this.guest.rubyInit();
+            this.guest.rubySysinit(c_args);
+            this.guest.rubyOptions(c_args);
+            this.eval(`require "/bundle/setup"`);
+        }
+        /**
+         * Set a given instance to interact JavaScript and Ruby's
+         * WebAssembly instance. This method must be called before calling
+         * Ruby API.
+         *
+         * @param instance The WebAssembly instance to interact with. Must
+         * be instantiated from a Ruby built with JS extension, and built
+         * with Reactor ABI instead of command line.
+         */
+        async setInstance(instance) {
+            this.instance = instance;
+            await this.guest.instantiate(instance);
+        }
+        /**
+         * Add intrinsic import entries, which is necessary to interact JavaScript
+         * and Ruby's WebAssembly instance.
+         * @param imports The import object to add to the WebAssembly instance
+         */
+        addToImports(imports) {
+            this.guest.addToImports(imports);
+            function wrapTry(f) {
+                return (...args) => {
+                    try {
+                        return { tag: "success", val: f(...args) };
+                    }
+                    catch (e) {
+                        if (e instanceof RbFatalError) {
+                            // RbFatalError should not be caught by Ruby because it Ruby VM
+                            // can be already in an inconsistent state.
+                            throw e;
+                        }
+                        return { tag: "failure", val: e };
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+            imports["rb-js-abi-host"] = {
+                rb_wasm_throw_prohibit_rewind_exception: (messagePtr, messageLen) => {
+                    const memory = this.instance.exports.memory;
+                    const str = new TextDecoder().decode(new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, messagePtr, messageLen));
+                    throw new RbFatalError("Ruby APIs that may rewind the VM stack are prohibited under nested VM operation " +
+                        `(${str})\n` +
+                        "Nested VM operation means that the call stack has sandwitched JS frames like JS -> Ruby -> JS -> Ruby " +
+                        "caused by something like `window.rubyVM.eval(\"JS.global[:rubyVM].eval('Fiber.yield')\")`\n" +
+                        "\n" +
+                        "Please check your call stack and make sure that you are **not** doing any of the following inside the nested Ruby frame:\n" +
+                        "  1. Switching fibers (e.g. Fiber#resume, Fiber.yield, and Fiber#transfer)\n" +
+                        "     Note that `evalAsync` JS API switches fibers internally\n" +
+                        "  2. Raising uncaught exceptions\n" +
+                        "     Please catch all exceptions inside the nested operation\n" +
+                        "  3. Calling Continuation APIs\n");
+                },
+            };
+            // NOTE: The GC may collect objects that are still referenced by Wasm
+            // locals because Asyncify cannot scan the Wasm stack above the JS frame.
+            // So we need to keep track whether the JS frame is sandwitched by Ruby
+            // frames or not, and prohibit nested VM operation if it is.
+            const proxyImports = (imports) => {
+                for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(imports)) {
+                    if (typeof value === "function") {
+                        imports[key] = (...args) => {
+                            const oldValue = this.interfaceState.hasJSFrameAfterRbFrame;
+                            this.interfaceState.hasJSFrameAfterRbFrame = true;
+                            const result = Reflect.apply(value, imports, args);
+                            this.interfaceState.hasJSFrameAfterRbFrame = oldValue;
+                            return result;
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+                return imports;
+            };
+            addRbJsAbiHostToImports(imports, proxyImports({
+                evalJs: wrapTry((code) => {
+                    return Function(code)();
+                }),
+                isJs: (value) => {
+                    // Just for compatibility with the old JS API
+                    return true;
+                },
+                globalThis: () => {
+                    if (typeof globalThis !== "undefined") {
+                        return globalThis;
+                    }
+                    else if (typeof global !== "undefined") {
+                        return global;
+                    }
+                    else if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
+                        return window;
+                    }
+                    throw new Error("unable to locate global object");
+                },
+                intToJsNumber: (value) => {
+                    return value;
+                },
+                floatToJsNumber: (value) => {
+                    return value;
+                },
+                stringToJsString: (value) => {
+                    return value;
+                },
+                boolToJsBool: (value) => {
+                    return value;
+                },
+                procToJsFunction: (rawRbAbiValue) => {
+                    const rbValue = this.rbValueOfPointer(rawRbAbiValue);
+                    return (...args) => {
+                        rbValue.call("call", ...args.map((arg) => this.wrap(arg)));
+                    };
+                },
+                rbObjectToJsRbValue: (rawRbAbiValue) => {
+                    return this.rbValueOfPointer(rawRbAbiValue);
+                },
+                jsValueToString: (value) => {
+                    // According to the [spec](https://tc39.es/ecma262/multipage/text-processing.html#sec-string-constructor-string-value)
+                    // `String(value)` always returns a string.
+                    return String(value);
+                },
+                jsValueToInteger(value) {
+                    if (typeof value === "number") {
+                        return { tag: "f64", val: value };
+                    }
+                    else if (typeof value === "bigint") {
+                        return { tag: "bignum", val: BigInt(value).toString(10) + "\0" };
+                    }
+                    else if (typeof value === "string") {
+                        return { tag: "bignum", val: value + "\0" };
+                    }
+                    else if (typeof value === "undefined") {
+                        return { tag: "f64", val: 0 };
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        return { tag: "f64", val: Number(value) };
+                    }
+                },
+                exportJsValueToHost: (value) => {
+                    // See `JsValueExporter` for the reason why we need to do this
+                    this.transport.takeJsValue(value);
+                },
+                importJsValueFromHost: () => {
+                    return this.transport.consumeJsValue();
+                },
+                instanceOf: (value, klass) => {
+                    if (typeof klass === "function") {
+                        return value instanceof klass;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                },
+                jsValueTypeof(value) {
+                    return typeof value;
+                },
+                jsValueEqual(lhs, rhs) {
+                    return lhs == rhs;
+                },
+                jsValueStrictlyEqual(lhs, rhs) {
+                    return lhs === rhs;
+                },
+                reflectApply: wrapTry((target, thisArgument, args) => {
+                    return Reflect.apply(target, thisArgument, args);
+                }),
+                reflectConstruct: function (target, args) {
+                    throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
+                },
+                reflectDeleteProperty: function (target, propertyKey) {
+                    throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
+                },
+                reflectGet: wrapTry((target, propertyKey) => {
+                    return target[propertyKey];
+                }),
+                reflectGetOwnPropertyDescriptor: function (target, propertyKey) {
+                    throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
+                },
+                reflectGetPrototypeOf: function (target) {
+                    throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
+                },
+                reflectHas: function (target, propertyKey) {
+                    throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
+                },
+                reflectIsExtensible: function (target) {
+                    throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
+                },
+                reflectOwnKeys: function (target) {
+                    throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
+                },
+                reflectPreventExtensions: function (target) {
+                    throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
+                },
+                reflectSet: wrapTry((target, propertyKey, value) => {
+                    return Reflect.set(target, propertyKey, value);
+                }),
+                reflectSetPrototypeOf: function (target, prototype) {
+                    throw new Error("Function not implemented.");
+                },
+            }), (name) => {
+                return this.instance.exports[name];
+            });
+        }
+        /**
+         * Print the Ruby version to stdout
+         */
+        printVersion() {
+            this.guest.rubyShowVersion();
+        }
+        /**
+         * Runs a string of Ruby code from JavaScript
+         * @param code The Ruby code to run
+         * @returns the result of the last expression
+         *
+         * @example
+         * vm.eval("puts 'hello world'");
+         * const result = vm.eval("1 + 2");
+         * console.log(result.toString()); // 3
+         *
+         */
+        eval(code) {
+            return evalRbCode(this, this.privateObject(), code);
+        }
+        /**
+         * Runs a string of Ruby code with top-level `JS::Object#await`
+         * Returns a promise that resolves when execution completes.
+         * @param code The Ruby code to run
+         * @returns a promise that resolves to the result of the last expression
+         *
+         * @example
+         * const text = await vm.evalAsync(`
+         *   require 'js'
+         *   response = JS.global.fetch('https://example.com').await
+         *   response.text.await
+         * `);
+         * console.log(text.toString()); // <html>...</html>
+         */
+        evalAsync(code) {
+            const JS = this.eval("require 'js'; JS");
+            return newRbPromise(this, this.privateObject(), (future) => {
+                JS.call("__eval_async_rb", this.wrap(code), future);
+            });
+        }
+        /**
+         * Wrap a JavaScript value into a Ruby JS::Object
+         * @param value The value to convert to RbValue
+         * @returns the RbValue object representing the given JS value
+         *
+         * @example
+         * const hash = vm.eval(`Hash.new`)
+         * hash.call("store", vm.eval(`"key1"`), vm.wrap(new Object()));
+         */
+        wrap(value) {
+            return this.transport.importJsValue(value, this);
+        }
+        /** @private */
+        privateObject() {
+            return {
+                transport: this.transport,
+                exceptionFormatter: this.exceptionFormatter,
+            };
+        }
+        /** @private */
+        rbValueOfPointer(pointer) {
+            const abiValue = new RbAbiValue(pointer, this.guest);
+            return new RbValue(abiValue, this, this.privateObject());
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Export a JS value held by the Ruby VM to the JS environment.
+     * This is implemented in a dirty way since wit cannot reference resources
+     * defined in other interfaces.
+     * In our case, we can't express `function(v: rb-abi-value) -> js-abi-value`
+     * because `rb-js-abi-host.wit`, that defines `js-abi-value`, is implemented
+     * by embedder side (JS) but `rb-abi-guest.wit`, that defines `rb-abi-value`
+     * is implemented by guest side (Wasm).
+     *
+     * This class is a helper to export by:
+     * 1. Call `function __export_to_js(v: rb-abi-value)` defined in guest from embedder side.
+     * 2. Call `function takeJsValue(v: js-abi-value)` defined in embedder from guest side with
+     *    underlying JS value of given `rb-abi-value`.
+     * 3. Then `takeJsValue` implementation escapes the given JS value to the `_takenJsValues`
+     *    stored in embedder side.
+     * 4. Finally, embedder side can take `_takenJsValues`.
+     *
+     * Note that `exportJsValue` is not reentrant.
+     *
+     * @private
+     */
+    class JsValueTransport {
+        constructor() {
+            this._takenJsValue = null;
+        }
+        takeJsValue(value) {
+            this._takenJsValue = value;
+        }
+        consumeJsValue() {
+            return this._takenJsValue;
+        }
+        exportJsValue(value) {
+            value.call("__export_to_js");
+            return this._takenJsValue;
+        }
+        importJsValue(value, vm) {
+            this._takenJsValue = value;
+            return vm.eval('require "js"; JS::Object').call("__import_from_js");
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * A RbValue is an object that represents a value in Ruby
+     */
+    class RbValue {
+        /**
+         * @hideconstructor
+         */
+        constructor(inner, vm, privateObject) {
+            this.inner = inner;
+            this.vm = vm;
+            this.privateObject = privateObject;
+        }
+        /**
+         * Call a given method with given arguments
+         *
+         * @param callee name of the Ruby method to call
+         * @param args arguments to pass to the method. Must be an array of RbValue
+         * @returns The result of the method call as a new RbValue.
+         *
+         * @example
+         * const ary = vm.eval("[1, 2, 3]");
+         * ary.call("push", 4);
+         * console.log(ary.call("sample").toString());
+         */
+        call(callee, ...args) {
+            const innerArgs = args.map((arg) => arg.inner);
+            return new RbValue(callRbMethod(this.vm, this.privateObject, this.inner, callee, innerArgs), this.vm, this.privateObject);
+        }
+        /**
+         * Call a given method that may call `JS::Object#await` with given arguments
+         *
+         * @param callee name of the Ruby method to call
+         * @param args arguments to pass to the method. Must be an array of RbValue
+         * @returns A Promise that resolves to the result of the method call as a new RbValue.
+         *
+         * @example
+         * const client = vm.eval(`
+         *   require 'js'
+         *   class HttpClient
+         *     def get(url)
+         *       JS.global.fetch(url).await
+         *     end
+         *   end
+         *   HttpClient.new
+         * `);
+         * const response = await client.callAsync("get", vm.eval(`"https://example.com"`));
+         */
+        callAsync(callee, ...args) {
+            const JS = this.vm.eval("require 'js'; JS");
+            return newRbPromise(this.vm, this.privateObject, (future) => {
+                JS.call("__call_async_method", this, this.vm.wrap(callee), future, ...args);
+            });
+        }
+        /**
+         * @see {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/ja/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Symbol/toPrimitive}
+         * @param hint Preferred type of the result primitive value. `"number"`, `"string"`, or `"default"`.
+         */
+        [Symbol.toPrimitive](hint) {
+            if (hint === "string" || hint === "default") {
+                return this.toString();
+            }
+            else if (hint === "number") {
+                return null;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        /**
+         * Returns a string representation of the value by calling `to_s`
+         */
+        toString() {
+            const rbString = callRbMethod(this.vm, this.privateObject, this.inner, "to_s", []);
+            return this.vm.guest.rstringPtr(rbString);
+        }
+        /**
+         * Returns a JavaScript object representation of the value
+         * by calling `to_js`.
+         *
+         * Returns null if the value is not convertible to a JavaScript object.
+         */
+        toJS() {
+            const JS = this.vm.eval("JS");
+            const jsValue = JS.call("try_convert", this);
+            if (jsValue.call("nil?").toString() === "true") {
+                return null;
+            }
+            return this.privateObject.transport.exportJsValue(jsValue);
+        }
+    }
+    var ruby_tag_type;
+    (function (ruby_tag_type) {
+        ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["None"] = 0] = "None";
+        ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Return"] = 1] = "Return";
+        ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Break"] = 2] = "Break";
+        ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Next"] = 3] = "Next";
+        ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Retry"] = 4] = "Retry";
+        ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Redo"] = 5] = "Redo";
+        ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Raise"] = 6] = "Raise";
+        ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Throw"] = 7] = "Throw";
+        ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Fatal"] = 8] = "Fatal";
+        ruby_tag_type[ruby_tag_type["Mask"] = 15] = "Mask";
+    })(ruby_tag_type || (ruby_tag_type = {}));
+    class RbExceptionFormatter {
+        constructor() {
+            this.literalsCache = null;
+            this.isFormmatting = false;
+        }
+        format(error, vm, privateObject) {
+            // All Ruby exceptions raised during formatting exception message should
+            // be caught and return a fallback message.
+            // Therefore, we don't need to worry about infinite recursion here ideally
+            // but checking re-entrancy just in case.
+            class RbExceptionFormatterError extends Error {
+            }
+            if (this.isFormmatting) {
+                throw new RbExceptionFormatterError("Unexpected exception occurred during formatting exception message");
+            }
+            this.isFormmatting = true;
+            try {
+                return this._format(error, vm, privateObject);
+            }
+            finally {
+                this.isFormmatting = false;
+            }
+        }
+        _format(error, vm, privateObject) {
+            const [zeroLiteral, oneLiteral, newLineLiteral] = (() => {
+                if (this.literalsCache == null) {
+                    const zeroOneNewLine = [
+                        evalRbCode(vm, privateObject, "0"),
+                        evalRbCode(vm, privateObject, "1"),
+                        evalRbCode(vm, privateObject, `"\n"`),
+                    ];
+                    this.literalsCache = zeroOneNewLine;
+                    return zeroOneNewLine;
+                }
+                else {
+                    return this.literalsCache;
+                }
+            })();
+            let className;
+            let backtrace;
+            let message;
+            try {
+                className = error.call("class").toString();
+            }
+            catch (e) {
+                className = "unknown";
+            }
+            try {
+                message = error.toString();
+            }
+            catch (e) {
+                message = "unknown";
+            }
+            try {
+                backtrace = error.call("backtrace");
+            }
+            catch (e) {
+                return this.formatString(className, message);
+            }
+            if (backtrace.call("nil?").toString() === "true") {
+                return this.formatString(className, message);
+            }
+            try {
+                const firstLine = backtrace.call("at", zeroLiteral);
+                const restLines = backtrace
+                    .call("drop", oneLiteral)
+                    .call("join", newLineLiteral);
+                return this.formatString(className, message, [
+                    firstLine.toString(),
+                    restLines.toString(),
+                ]);
+            }
+            catch (e) {
+                return this.formatString(className, message);
+            }
+        }
+        formatString(klass, message, backtrace) {
+            if (backtrace) {
+                return `${backtrace[0]}: ${message} (${klass})\n${backtrace[1]}`;
+            }
+            else {
+                return `${klass}: ${message}`;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    const checkStatusTag = (rawTag, vm, privateObject) => {
+        switch (rawTag & ruby_tag_type.Mask) {
+            case ruby_tag_type.None:
+                break;
+            case ruby_tag_type.Return:
+                throw new RbError("unexpected return");
+            case ruby_tag_type.Next:
+                throw new RbError("unexpected next");
+            case ruby_tag_type.Break:
+                throw new RbError("unexpected break");
+            case ruby_tag_type.Redo:
+                throw new RbError("unexpected redo");
+            case ruby_tag_type.Retry:
+                throw new RbError("retry outside of rescue clause");
+            case ruby_tag_type.Throw:
+                throw new RbError("unexpected throw");
+            case ruby_tag_type.Raise:
+            case ruby_tag_type.Fatal:
+                const error = new RbValue(vm.guest.rbErrinfo(), vm, privateObject);
+                if (error.call("nil?").toString() === "true") {
+                    throw new RbError("no exception object");
+                }
+                // clear errinfo if got exception due to no rb_jump_tag
+                vm.guest.rbClearErrinfo();
+                throw new RbError(privateObject.exceptionFormatter.format(error, vm, privateObject));
+            default:
+                throw new RbError(`unknown error tag: ${rawTag}`);
+        }
+    };
+    function wrapRbOperation(vm, body) {
+        try {
+            return body();
+        }
+        catch (e) {
+            if (e instanceof RbError) {
+                throw e;
+            }
+            // All JS exceptions triggered by Ruby code are translated to Ruby exceptions,
+            // so non-RbError exceptions are unexpected.
+            vm.guest.rbVmBugreport();
+            if (e instanceof WebAssembly.RuntimeError && e.message === "unreachable") {
+                const error = new RbError(`Something went wrong in Ruby VM: ${e}`);
+                error.stack = e.stack;
+                throw error;
+            }
+            else {
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    const callRbMethod = (vm, privateObject, recv, callee, args) => {
+        const mid = vm.guest.rbIntern(callee + "\0");
+        return wrapRbOperation(vm, () => {
+            const [value, status] = vm.guest.rbFuncallvProtect(recv, mid, args);
+            checkStatusTag(status, vm, privateObject);
+            return value;
+        });
+    };
+    const evalRbCode = (vm, privateObject, code) => {
+        return wrapRbOperation(vm, () => {
+            const [value, status] = vm.guest.rbEvalStringProtect(code + "\0");
+            checkStatusTag(status, vm, privateObject);
+            return new RbValue(value, vm, privateObject);
+        });
+    };
+    function newRbPromise(vm, privateObject, body) {
+        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+            const future = vm.wrap({
+                resolve,
+                reject: (error) => {
+                    const rbError = new RbError(privateObject.exceptionFormatter.format(error, vm, privateObject));
+                    reject(rbError);
+                },
+            });
+            body(future);
+        });
+    }
+    /**
+     * Error class thrown by Ruby execution
+     */
+    class RbError extends Error {
+        /**
+         * @hideconstructor
+         */
+        constructor(message) {
+            super(message);
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Error class thrown by Ruby execution when it is not possible to recover.
+     * This is usually caused when Ruby VM is in an inconsistent state.
+     */
+    class RbFatalError extends RbError {
+        /**
+         * @hideconstructor
+         */
+        constructor(message) {
+            super("Ruby Fatal Error: " + message);
+        }
+    }
 
-  exports.RbError = RbError;
-  exports.RbFatalError = RbFatalError;
-  exports.RbValue = RbValue;
-  exports.RubyVM = RubyVM;
-  exports.consolePrinter = consolePrinter;
+    exports.RbError = RbError;
+    exports.RbFatalError = RbFatalError;
+    exports.RbValue = RbValue;
+    exports.RubyVM = RubyVM;
+    exports.consolePrinter = consolePrinter;
 
 }));