@rotorsoft/act 0.40.0 → 0.41.0

package/dist/@types/internal/backoff.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"backoff.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/internal/backoff.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;GAQG;AAEH,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,sBAAsB,CAAC;AAE3D;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,wBAAgB,mBAAmB,CACjC,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EACb,IAAI,EAAE,cAAc,GAAG,SAAS,GAC/B,MAAM,CAkBR"}

package/dist/@types/internal/correlate-cycle.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"correlate-cycle.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/internal/correlate-cycle.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAcG;AAIH,OAAO,KAAK,EACV,KAAK,EAEL,QAAQ,EACR,cAAc,EACd,OAAO,EACR,MAAM,mBAAmB,CAAC;AAC3B,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AAE3C;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,MAAM,MAAM,YAAY,GAAG;IACzB,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACxB,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACzB,QAAQ,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;CAC5B,CAAC;AAEF;;;;;GAKG;AACH,qBAAa,cAAc,CACzB,UAAU,SAAS,cAAc,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAC3C,OAAO,SAAS,OAAO,EACvB,QAAQ,SAAS,OAAO;IAQtB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,QAAQ;IACzB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,aAAa;IAC9B,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,mBAAmB;IACpC,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE;IAEnB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;IAX1B,OAAO,CAAC,WAAW,CAAM;IACzB,OAAO,CAAC,YAAY,CAAS;IAC7B,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAyD;IACvE,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,WAAW,CAAiB;gBAG1B,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,CAAC,EACjD,aAAa,EAAE,aAAa,CAAC,YAAY,CAAC,EAC1C,mBAAmB,EAAE,OAAO,EAC5B,EAAE,EAAE,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,EACtC,oBAAoB,EAAE,MAAM,EACX,MAAM,CAAC,GAAE,MAAM,IAAI,aAAA;IAKtC,gCAAgC;IAChC,IAAI,UAAU,IAAI,MAAM,CAEvB;IAED;;;;;;OAMG;IACG,IAAI,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;IAY3B;;;;OAIG;IACG,SAAS,CACb,KAAK,GAAE,KAAgC,GACtC,OAAO,CAAC;QAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QAAC,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,CAAA;KAAE,CAAC;IA8EnD;;;;OAIG;IACH,YAAY,CACV,KAAK,GAAE,KAAU,EACjB,SAAS,SAAS,EAClB,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,KAAK,IAAI,GACtC,OAAO;IAgBV,wDAAwD;IACxD,WAAW,IAAI,IAAI;CAMpB"}
+{"version":3,"file":"correlate-cycle.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/internal/correlate-cycle.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAcG;AAGH,OAAO,KAAK,EACV,KAAK,EAEL,QAAQ,EACR,cAAc,EACd,OAAO,EACR,MAAM,mBAAmB,CAAC;AAC3B,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,YAAY,CAAC;AAG3C;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,MAAM,MAAM,YAAY,GAAG;IACzB,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACxB,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACzB,QAAQ,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;CAC5B,CAAC;AAEF;;;;;GAKG;AACH,qBAAa,cAAc,CACzB,UAAU,SAAS,cAAc,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAC3C,OAAO,SAAS,OAAO,EACvB,QAAQ,SAAS,OAAO;IAQtB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,QAAQ;IACzB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,aAAa;IAC9B,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,mBAAmB;IACpC,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE;IAEnB,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;IAX1B,OAAO,CAAC,WAAW,CAAM;IACzB,OAAO,CAAC,YAAY,CAAS;IAC7B,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAyD;IACvE,OAAO,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,WAAW,CAAiB;gBAG1B,QAAQ,EAAE,QAAQ,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,CAAC,EACjD,aAAa,EAAE,aAAa,CAAC,YAAY,CAAC,EAC1C,mBAAmB,EAAE,OAAO,EAC5B,EAAE,EAAE,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,EACtC,oBAAoB,EAAE,MAAM,EACX,MAAM,CAAC,GAAE,MAAM,IAAI,aAAA;IAKtC,gCAAgC;IAChC,IAAI,UAAU,IAAI,MAAM,CAEvB;IAED;;;;;;OAMG;IACG,IAAI,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC;IAY3B;;;;OAIG;IACG,SAAS,CACb,KAAK,GAAE,KAAgC,GACtC,OAAO,CAAC;QAAE,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QAAC,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM,CAAA;KAAE,CAAC;IA8EnD;;;;OAIG;IACH,YAAY,CACV,KAAK,GAAE,KAAU,EACjB,SAAS,SAAS,EAClB,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,MAAM,KAAK,IAAI,GACtC,OAAO;IAgBV,wDAAwD;IACxD,WAAW,IAAI,IAAI;CAMpB"}

package/dist/@types/internal/drain-cycle.d.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ export type HandleResult = Readonly<{
     at: number;
     error?: string;
     block?: boolean;
+    /**
+     * Wall-clock timestamp (ms since epoch) at which the next attempt on
+     * this stream may run. Populated by `_finalize` only on retry paths
+     * where the reaction defined `options.backoff`. Undefined means "no
+     * backoff configured" — drain re-attempts as soon as the lease expires.
+     */
+    nextAttemptAt?: number;
 }>;
 /**
  * Per-event reaction dispatcher signature (matches `Act.handle`).
@@ -60,9 +67,17 @@ export type DrainCycle<TEvents extends Schemas> = {
  * Returns `undefined` when nothing was claimed — caller can short-circuit
  * the rest of the drain pass.
  *
+ * **Deferred streams.** When `isDeferred(stream)` returns `true`, the
+ * cycle skips dispatch for that lease — no handle, no ack, no block. The
+ * lease holds for `leaseMillis` via the existing claim mechanism, which
+ * blocks competing workers from re-attempting during the backoff window
+ * and serves as the per-worker pacing timer. Subsequent claims after
+ * `leased_until` expires will re-acquire the lease and re-skip until the
+ * controller clears the entry.
+ *
  * @internal
  */
-export declare function runDrainCycle<TEvents extends Schemas, TActions extends Schemas, TSchemaReg extends SchemaRegister<TActions>>(ops: DrainOps<TEvents>, registry: Registry<TSchemaReg, TEvents, TActions>, batchHandlers: Map<string, BatchHandler<TEvents>>, handle: Handle<TEvents>, handleBatch: HandleBatch<TEvents>, lagging: number, leading: number, eventLimit: number, leaseMillis: number): Promise<DrainCycle<TEvents> | undefined>;
+export declare function runDrainCycle<TEvents extends Schemas, TActions extends Schemas, TSchemaReg extends SchemaRegister<TActions>>(ops: DrainOps<TEvents>, registry: Registry<TSchemaReg, TEvents, TActions>, batchHandlers: Map<string, BatchHandler<TEvents>>, handle: Handle<TEvents>, handleBatch: HandleBatch<TEvents>, lagging: number, leading: number, eventLimit: number, leaseMillis: number, isDeferred?: (stream: string) => boolean): Promise<DrainCycle<TEvents> | undefined>;
 /**
  * Dependencies the {@link DrainController} needs from the orchestrator.
  * The lifecycle event sinks (`onAcked` / `onBlocked`) are callbacks so
@@ -98,6 +113,15 @@ export declare class DrainController<TEvents extends Schemas, TActions extends S
     private _armed;
     private _locked;
     private _ratio;
+    /**
+     * Per-stream backoff: `stream → nextAttemptAt` (ms since epoch). Set by
+     * `_finalize` via `HandleResult.nextAttemptAt`; cleared on successful
+     * ack or terminal block. Lives in process memory — per-worker pacing
+     * by design (see {@link BackoffOptions} for the multi-worker trade-off).
+     */
+    private _backoff;
+    /** Timer re-arming drain at the earliest pending `nextAttemptAt`. */
+    private _backoffTimer;
     constructor(deps: DrainControllerDeps<TEvents, TActions, TSchemaReg>);
     /**
      * Signal that a commit (or reset / cold-start) may have produced work.
@@ -107,6 +131,15 @@ export declare class DrainController<TEvents extends Schemas, TActions extends S
     arm(): void;
     /** Read-only flag — true while a commit / reset is unprocessed. */
     get armed(): boolean;
+    /** Returns true when `stream` is currently within a backoff window. */
+    private isDeferred;
+    /**
+     * Schedule the next drain re-arm at the earliest pending backoff
+     * expiry. Called only when the backoff map is non-empty (caller guard).
+     * Idempotent — collapses many simultaneously deferred streams into a
+     * single timer.
+     */
+    private scheduleBackoffWake;
     /** Run one drain pass. Short-circuits when not armed or already running. */
     drain({ streamLimit, eventLimit, leaseMillis, }?: DrainOptions): Promise<Drain<TEvents>>;
 }

package/dist/@types/internal/drain-cycle.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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package/dist/@types/internal/lru-map.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/dist/@types/internal/reactions.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"reactions.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/internal/reactions.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAiBG;AAEH,OAAO,KAAK,EACV,KAAK,EAGL,IAAI,EAEJ,MAAM,EAGN,OAAO,EAER,MAAM,mBAAmB,CAAC;AAC3B,OAAO,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,WAAW,EAAgB,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAE1E;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,MAAM,MAAM,YAAY,CACtB,OAAO,SAAS,OAAO,EACvB,QAAQ,SAAS,OAAO,EACxB,MAAM,SAAS,KAAK,GAAG,KAAK,IAC1B;IACF,QAAQ,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACxB,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAAC;IACxD,QAAQ,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC;IAC5D,QAAQ,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAAC;IAC9D,QAAQ,CAAC,eAAe,EAAE,IAAI,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,aAAa,CAAC,CAAC;CAC1E,CAAC;AA6BF;;;;;;;;;GASG;AACH,wBAAgB,WAAW,CACzB,OAAO,SAAS,OAAO,EACvB,QAAQ,SAAS,OAAO,EACxB,MAAM,SAAS,KAAK,GAAG,KAAK,EAC5B,IAAI,EAAE,YAAY,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,QAAQ,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,GAAG,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CAoDhE;AAED;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,wBAAgB,gBAAgB,CAAC,OAAO,SAAS,OAAO,EACtD,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,GACb,WAAW,CAAC,OAAO,CAAC,CA2BtB"}
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package/dist/@types/types/reaction.d.ts

@@ -114,14 +114,58 @@ export type Resolved = {
     readonly source?: string;
     readonly priority?: number;
 };
+/**
+ * Backoff strategy for delaying the next retry attempt after a reaction
+ * handler throws.
+ *
+ * - `fixed` — wait `baseMs` between attempts
+ * - `linear` — wait `baseMs * (retry + 1)`
+ * - `exponential` — wait `baseMs * 2^retry`, capped at `maxMs` if provided
+ *
+ * `retry` is the lease's retry counter at finalize time, where `0` is the
+ * first attempt that just failed. So the delay applies *before* the next
+ * attempt.
+ */
+export type BackoffStrategy = "fixed" | "linear" | "exponential";
+/**
+ * Per-reaction retry backoff configuration. When set, the drain controller
+ * defers the next attempt at this stream until the computed delay has
+ * elapsed.
+ *
+ * Backoff state lives in process memory on the {@link DrainController}.
+ * With N competing workers (each running its own controller), retries
+ * escalate at most N× faster than configured — the shared `retry` counter
+ * on the stream watermark climbs across workers, reaching the
+ * `blockOnError` threshold sooner. This is intentional: per-worker pacing
+ * speeds up recovery on transient per-worker faults, and poison messages
+ * still get quarantined.
+ *
+ * @property strategy - {@link BackoffStrategy}
+ * @property baseMs - Base delay (must be ≥ 0)
+ * @property maxMs - Optional cap; only used by `exponential`
+ * @property jitter - Multiply final delay by `0.5 + random()` (range
+ *   `[0.5, 1.5)`) to avoid thundering herds when many streams retry in
+ *   lockstep
+ */
+export type BackoffOptions = {
+    readonly strategy: BackoffStrategy;
+    readonly baseMs: number;
+    readonly maxMs?: number;
+    readonly jitter?: boolean;
+};
 /**
  * Options for reaction processing.
  * @property blockOnError - Whether to block on error.
  * @property maxRetries - Maximum number of retries.
+ * @property backoff - Optional retry pacing. When omitted, retries run as
+ *   soon as the lease expires (current behavior — implicit backoff bounded
+ *   by `leaseMillis`). When set, the drain controller waits at least the
+ *   computed delay before re-attempting on this worker.
  */
 export type ReactionOptions = {
     readonly blockOnError: boolean;
     readonly maxRetries: number;
+    readonly backoff?: BackoffOptions;
 };
 /**
  * Distributive mapped type that produces a proper discriminated union of

package/dist/@types/types/reaction.d.ts.map

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package/dist/{chunk-TP2OZWHP.js → chunk-M5YFKVRV.js}

@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ var ConsoleLogger = class _ConsoleLogger {
   }
 };
 
-// src/lru-map.ts
+// src/internal/lru-map.ts
 var LruMap = class {
   constructor(_maxSize) {
     this._maxSize = _maxSize;
@@ -874,4 +874,4 @@ export {
   SNAP_EVENT,
   TOMBSTONE_EVENT
 };
-//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-TP2OZWHP.js.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=chunk-M5YFKVRV.js.map

package/dist/chunk-M5YFKVRV.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"sources":["../src/adapters/console-logger.ts","../src/internal/lru-map.ts","../src/adapters/in-memory-cache.ts","../src/config.ts","../src/ports.ts","../src/utils.ts","../src/adapters/in-memory-store.ts"],"sourcesContent":["/**\n * @module adapters/console-logger\n *\n * High-performance console logger inspired by pino's design:\n * - Numeric level comparison for O(1) gating\n * - stdout.write() in production for raw JSON lines (no console overhead)\n * - Colorized single-line output in development\n * - No-op method replacement when level is above threshold\n * - Child logger support with merged bindings\n */\nimport type { Logger } from \"../types/index.js\";\n\nconst LEVEL_VALUES: Record<string, number> = {\n  fatal: 60,\n  error: 50,\n  warn: 40,\n  info: 30,\n  debug: 20,\n  trace: 10,\n};\n\nconst LEVEL_COLORS: Record<string, string> = {\n  fatal: \"\\x1b[41m\\x1b[37m\", // white on red bg\n  error: \"\\x1b[31m\", // red\n  warn: \"\\x1b[33m\", // yellow\n  info: \"\\x1b[32m\", // green\n  debug: \"\\x1b[36m\", // cyan\n  trace: \"\\x1b[90m\", // gray\n};\n\nconst RESET = \"\\x1b[0m\";\n\nconst noop = () => {};\n\n/**\n * Default console logger for the Act framework.\n *\n * Production mode emits newline-delimited JSON (compatible with GCP, AWS\n * CloudWatch, Datadog, and other structured log ingestion systems).\n *\n * Development mode emits colorized, human-readable output.\n */\nexport class ConsoleLogger implements Logger {\n  level: string;\n  private readonly _pretty: boolean;\n\n  readonly fatal: Logger[\"fatal\"];\n  readonly error: Logger[\"error\"];\n  readonly warn: Logger[\"warn\"];\n  readonly info: Logger[\"info\"];\n  readonly debug: Logger[\"debug\"];\n  readonly trace: Logger[\"trace\"];\n\n  constructor(\n    options: {\n      level?: string;\n      pretty?: boolean;\n      bindings?: Record<string, unknown>;\n    } = {}\n  ) {\n    const {\n      level = \"info\",\n      pretty = process.env.NODE_ENV !== \"production\",\n      bindings,\n    } = options;\n    this._pretty = pretty;\n    this.level = level;\n\n    const threshold = LEVEL_VALUES[level] ?? 30;\n    const write = pretty\n      ? this._prettyWrite.bind(this, bindings)\n      : this._jsonWrite.bind(this, bindings);\n\n    // Assign methods — noop when level is gated (like pino's level-based replacement)\n    this.fatal = write.bind(this, \"fatal\", 60); // fatal is always enabled\n    this.error = threshold <= 50 ? write.bind(this, \"error\", 50) : noop;\n    this.warn = threshold <= 40 ? write.bind(this, \"warn\", 40) : noop;\n    this.info = threshold <= 30 ? write.bind(this, \"info\", 30) : noop;\n    this.debug = threshold <= 20 ? write.bind(this, \"debug\", 20) : noop;\n    this.trace = threshold <= 10 ? write.bind(this, \"trace\", 10) : noop;\n  }\n\n  /** No-op — `console.log` has no resources to release. */\n  async dispose(): Promise<void> {}\n\n  /** @inheritDoc */\n  child(bindings: Record<string, unknown>): Logger {\n    return new ConsoleLogger({\n      level: this.level,\n      pretty: this._pretty,\n      bindings,\n    });\n  }\n\n  private _jsonWrite(\n    bindings: Record<string, unknown> | undefined,\n    level: string,\n    _num: number,\n    objOrMsg: unknown,\n    msg?: string\n  ): void {\n    let obj: Record<string, unknown>;\n    let message: string | undefined;\n\n    if (typeof objOrMsg === \"string\") {\n      message = objOrMsg;\n      obj = {};\n    } else if (objOrMsg !== null && typeof objOrMsg === \"object\") {\n      message = msg;\n      obj = { ...(objOrMsg as Record<string, unknown>) };\n    } else {\n      message = msg;\n      obj = { value: objOrMsg };\n    }\n\n    const entry = Object.assign({ level, time: Date.now() }, bindings, obj);\n    if (message) entry.msg = message;\n\n    let line: string;\n    try {\n      line = JSON.stringify(entry);\n    } catch {\n      // Cyclic or unserializable payload — emit a minimal line rather\n      // than crash the log call site.\n      line = JSON.stringify({\n        level,\n        time: entry.time,\n        msg: message ?? \"[unserializable]\",\n        unserializable: true,\n      });\n    }\n    process.stdout.write(line + \"\\n\");\n  }\n\n  private _prettyWrite(\n    bindings: Record<string, unknown> | undefined,\n    level: string,\n    _num: number,\n    objOrMsg: unknown,\n    msg?: string\n  ): void {\n    const color = LEVEL_COLORS[level];\n    const tag = `${color}${level.toUpperCase().padEnd(5)}${RESET}`;\n    const ts = new Date().toISOString().slice(11, 23); // HH:mm:ss.SSS\n\n    let message: string;\n    let data: string | undefined;\n\n    if (typeof objOrMsg === \"string\") {\n      message = objOrMsg;\n    } else {\n      message = msg ?? \"\";\n      if (objOrMsg !== undefined && objOrMsg !== null) {\n        try {\n          data = JSON.stringify(objOrMsg);\n        } catch {\n          data = \"[unserializable]\";\n        }\n      }\n    }\n\n    const bindStr =\n      bindings && Object.keys(bindings).length\n        ? ` ${JSON.stringify(bindings)}`\n        : \"\";\n\n    const parts = [ts, tag, message, data, bindStr].filter(Boolean);\n    process.stdout.write(parts.join(\" \") + \"\\n\");\n  }\n}\n","/**\n * @module lru-map\n * @category Internal\n *\n * Tiny bounded LRU map / set built on insertion-ordered `Map`. Used to cap\n * memory in long-running orchestrators that mint large numbers of keys —\n * notably:\n *\n * - {@link InMemoryCache}: stream → state checkpoint\n * - `Act._subscribed_streams`: stream → presence (LruSet)\n *\n * Apps with millions of dynamic streams (one target per aggregate) can't\n * afford an unbounded `Set<string>` — eviction is required.\n *\n * @internal\n */\n\n/**\n * Bounded LRU map. `get()` promotes; `has()` does not. `set()` always\n * promotes and evicts the oldest entry when at capacity.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport class LruMap<K, V> {\n  private readonly _entries = new Map<K, V>();\n\n  constructor(private readonly _maxSize: number) {}\n\n  get(key: K): V | undefined {\n    const v = this._entries.get(key);\n    if (v === undefined) return undefined;\n    // promote: delete + re-insert moves to most-recent position\n    this._entries.delete(key);\n    this._entries.set(key, v);\n    return v;\n  }\n\n  has(key: K): boolean {\n    return this._entries.has(key);\n  }\n\n  set(key: K, value: V): void {\n    this._entries.delete(key);\n    if (this._entries.size >= this._maxSize) {\n      // size >= maxSize ≥ 1 → at least one entry exists → next().value\n      // is the oldest key (asserted with `!`).\n      const oldest = this._entries.keys().next().value!;\n      this._entries.delete(oldest);\n    }\n    this._entries.set(key, value);\n  }\n\n  delete(key: K): boolean {\n    return this._entries.delete(key);\n  }\n\n  clear(): void {\n    this._entries.clear();\n  }\n\n  get size(): number {\n    return this._entries.size;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Bounded LRU set built on top of {@link LruMap}. `has()` does not promote;\n * `add()` does (re-inserting if already present, evicting the oldest at\n * capacity).\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport class LruSet<T> {\n  private readonly _map: LruMap<T, true>;\n\n  constructor(maxSize: number) {\n    this._map = new LruMap(maxSize);\n  }\n\n  has(value: T): boolean {\n    return this._map.has(value);\n  }\n\n  add(value: T): void {\n    this._map.set(value, true);\n  }\n\n  delete(value: T): boolean {\n    return this._map.delete(value);\n  }\n\n  clear(): void {\n    this._map.clear();\n  }\n\n  get size(): number {\n    return this._map.size;\n  }\n}\n","import { LruMap } from \"../internal/lru-map.js\";\nimport type { Cache, CacheEntry, Schema } from \"../types/index.js\";\n\n/**\n * In-memory LRU cache for stream snapshots.\n *\n * Backed by an internal `LruMap` for O(1) get/set with LRU eviction.\n * Configurable `maxSize` bounds memory usage.\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * import { cache } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n * import { InMemoryCache } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n *\n * cache(new InMemoryCache({ maxSize: 500 }));\n * ```\n */\n/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/require-await -- async interface for Redis-compatibility */\nexport class InMemoryCache implements Cache {\n  // CacheEntry<any> lets `get<TState>` and `set<TState>` flow without casts:\n  // any is bidirectionally compatible with the per-call TState binding, while\n  // the public Cache interface still presents a typed surface to callers.\n  private readonly _entries: LruMap<string, CacheEntry<any>>;\n\n  constructor(options?: { maxSize?: number }) {\n    this._entries = new LruMap(options?.maxSize ?? 1000);\n  }\n\n  /** @inheritDoc */\n  async get<TState extends Schema>(\n    stream: string\n  ): Promise<CacheEntry<TState> | undefined> {\n    return this._entries.get(stream);\n  }\n\n  /** @inheritDoc */\n  async set<TState extends Schema>(\n    stream: string,\n    entry: CacheEntry<TState>\n  ): Promise<void> {\n    this._entries.set(stream, entry);\n  }\n\n  /** @inheritDoc */\n  async invalidate(stream: string): Promise<void> {\n    this._entries.delete(stream);\n  }\n\n  /** @inheritDoc */\n  async clear(): Promise<void> {\n    this._entries.clear();\n  }\n\n  /** @inheritDoc */\n  async dispose(): Promise<void> {\n    this._entries.clear();\n  }\n\n  /** Current number of entries held by the LRU. */\n  get size(): number {\n    return this._entries.size;\n  }\n}\n","/**\n * @packageDocumentation\n * Configuration utilities for Act Framework environment, logging, and package metadata.\n *\n * Provides type-safe configuration loading and validation using Zod schemas.\n *\n * @module config\n */\nimport * as fs from \"node:fs\";\nimport { z } from \"zod\";\nimport { log } from \"./ports.js\";\nimport {\n  type Environment,\n  Environments,\n  type LogLevel,\n  LogLevels,\n} from \"./types/index.js\";\nimport { extend } from \"./utils.js\";\n\n/**\n * Zod schema for validating package.json metadata.\n * @internal\n */\nexport const PackageSchema = z.object({\n  name: z.string().min(1),\n  version: z.string().min(1),\n  description: z.string().min(1).optional(),\n  author: z\n    .object({ name: z.string().min(1), email: z.string().optional() })\n    .optional()\n    .or(z.string().min(1))\n    .optional(),\n  license: z.string().min(1).optional(),\n  dependencies: z.record(z.string(), z.string()).optional(),\n});\n\n/**\n * Type representing the validated package.json metadata.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type Package = z.infer<typeof PackageSchema>;\n\n/**\n * Fallback package metadata when `package.json` can't be read at module\n * load — happens when the framework is consumed from a CWD that doesn't\n * have one (bundled CLIs, Lambda layers, embedded scripts) or when the\n * file exists but is malformed.\n *\n * The values are deliberately synthetic so callers spot them immediately:\n * `config().name === \"act-fallback\"` is a runtime signal that the framework\n * couldn't load the host project's package.json.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nconst FALLBACK_PACKAGE: Package = {\n  name: \"act-fallback\",\n  version: \"0.0.0-fallback\",\n  description: \"Synthetic fallback — package.json could not be loaded\",\n};\n\n/**\n * Loads and parses the local package.json file as a Package object. On\n * any read or parse failure, falls back to {@link FALLBACK_PACKAGE} and\n * stashes the error so {@link config} can surface it on first access —\n * we can't call `log()` here because the logger port memoizes on first\n * call and locking it at module load defeats user injection.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nconst getPackage = (): Package => {\n  try {\n    const raw = fs.readFileSync(\"package.json\");\n    return JSON.parse(raw.toString()) as Package;\n  } catch (err) {\n    pkgLoadError = err;\n    return FALLBACK_PACKAGE;\n  }\n};\n\n/** Stashed read/parse error from {@link getPackage}, surfaced by config(). */\nlet pkgLoadError: unknown;\n\n/**\n * Zod schema for the full Act Framework configuration object.\n * Includes package metadata, environment, logging, and timing options.\n * @internal\n */\nconst BaseSchema = PackageSchema.extend({\n  env: z.enum(Environments),\n  logLevel: z.enum(LogLevels),\n  logSingleLine: z.boolean(),\n  sleepMs: z.number().int().min(0).max(5000),\n});\n\n/**\n * Type representing the validated Act Framework configuration object.\n */\nexport type Config = z.infer<typeof BaseSchema>;\n\nconst { NODE_ENV, LOG_LEVEL, LOG_SINGLE_LINE, SLEEP_MS } = process.env;\n\nconst env = (NODE_ENV || \"development\") as Environment;\nconst logLevel = (LOG_LEVEL ||\n  (NODE_ENV === \"test\"\n    ? \"fatal\"\n    : NODE_ENV === \"production\"\n      ? \"info\"\n      : \"trace\")) as LogLevel;\nconst logSingleLine = (LOG_SINGLE_LINE || \"true\") === \"true\";\nconst sleepMs = parseInt(NODE_ENV === \"test\" ? \"0\" : (SLEEP_MS ?? \"100\"), 10);\n\nconst pkg = getPackage();\n\n// Lazily validated on first call. Cannot run extend() at module load\n// because of a utils.ts <-> config.ts cycle (utils imports config for\n// sleep()'s default). Inputs are frozen after import, so the cached\n// result is stable for the life of the process.\nlet _validated: Config | undefined;\n\n/**\n * Gets the current Act Framework configuration.\n *\n * Configuration is loaded from package.json and environment variables, providing\n * type-safe access to application metadata and runtime settings.\n *\n * **Environment Variables:**\n * - `NODE_ENV`: \"development\" | \"test\" | \"staging\" | \"production\" (default: \"development\")\n * - `LOG_LEVEL`: \"fatal\" | \"error\" | \"warn\" | \"info\" | \"debug\" | \"trace\"\n * - `LOG_SINGLE_LINE`: \"true\" | \"false\" (default: \"true\")\n * - `SLEEP_MS`: Milliseconds for sleep utility (default: 100, 0 for tests)\n *\n * **Defaults by environment:**\n * - test: logLevel=\"error\", sleepMs=0\n * - production: logLevel=\"info\"\n * - development: logLevel=\"trace\"\n *\n * @returns The validated configuration object\n *\n * @example Basic usage\n * ```typescript\n * import { config } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n *\n * const cfg = config();\n * console.log(`App: ${cfg.name} v${cfg.version}`);\n * console.log(`Environment: ${cfg.env}`);\n * console.log(`Log level: ${cfg.logLevel}`);\n * ```\n *\n * @example Environment-specific behavior\n * ```typescript\n * import { config } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n *\n * const cfg = config();\n *\n * if (cfg.env === \"production\") {\n *   // Use PostgreSQL in production\n *   store(new PostgresStore(prodConfig));\n * } else {\n *   // Use in-memory store for dev/test\n *   store(new InMemoryStore());\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @example Adjusting log levels\n * ```typescript\n * // Set via environment variable:\n * // LOG_LEVEL=debug npm start\n *\n * // Or check in code:\n * const cfg = config();\n * if (cfg.logLevel === \"trace\") {\n *   logger.trace(\"Detailed debugging enabled\");\n * }\n * ```\n *\n * @see {@link Config} for configuration type\n */\nexport const config = (): Config => {\n  if (!_validated) {\n    _validated = extend(\n      { ...pkg, env, logLevel, logSingleLine, sleepMs },\n      BaseSchema\n    );\n    if (pkgLoadError) {\n      // Surface the fallback once, after _validated is set so the\n      // recursive log() → config() call short-circuits. log() resolves\n      // through the port singleton — respects user injection and level.\n      const msg =\n        pkgLoadError instanceof Error\n          ? pkgLoadError.message\n          : typeof pkgLoadError === \"string\"\n            ? pkgLoadError\n            : \"unknown error\";\n      log().warn(\n        `[act] Could not read package.json (${msg}); using synthetic ` +\n          `name=\"${FALLBACK_PACKAGE.name}\" version=\"${FALLBACK_PACKAGE.version}\".`\n      );\n      pkgLoadError = undefined;\n    }\n  }\n  return _validated;\n};\n","import { AsyncLocalStorage } from \"node:async_hooks\";\nimport { ConsoleLogger } from \"./adapters/console-logger.js\";\nimport { InMemoryCache } from \"./adapters/in-memory-cache.js\";\nimport { InMemoryStore } from \"./adapters/in-memory-store.js\";\nimport { config } from \"./config.js\";\nimport type {\n  Cache,\n  Disposable,\n  Disposer,\n  Logger,\n  Store,\n} from \"./types/index.js\";\n\n/** Per-Act ports bag (ACT-501). Both required together — a shared cache across stores would collide on stream keys. */\nexport type Scoped = {\n  readonly store: Store;\n  readonly cache: Cache;\n};\n\n/** AsyncLocalStorage carrying the active Act's ports. Internal — not re-exported. */\nexport const scoped = new AsyncLocalStorage<Scoped>();\n\n/**\n * Port/adapter infrastructure for the Act framework.\n *\n * All infrastructure concerns (logging, storage, caching) are managed as\n * singleton adapters injected via port functions. Each port follows the same\n * pattern: first call wins with a sensible default, optional adapter injection.\n *\n * - `log()` — structured logging (default: ConsoleLogger)\n * - `store()` — event persistence (default: InMemoryStore)\n * - `cache()` — state checkpoints (default: InMemoryCache)\n * - `dispose()` — register cleanup functions for graceful shutdown\n *\n * @module ports\n */\n\n/**\n * List of exit codes for process termination. Consumed by signal handlers\n * and {@link disposeAndExit}; not part of the user-facing surface.\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport const ExitCodes = [\"ERROR\", \"EXIT\"] as const;\n\n/**\n * Type for allowed exit codes.\n *\n * - `\"ERROR\"` — abnormal termination (uncaught exception, unhandled rejection)\n * - `\"EXIT\"` — clean shutdown (SIGINT, SIGTERM, or manual trigger)\n *\n * @internal\n */\nexport type ExitCode = (typeof ExitCodes)[number];\n\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Port factory\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n/**\n * Factory function that creates or returns the injected adapter.\n * @internal\n */\ntype Injector<Port extends Disposable> = (adapter?: Port) => Port;\n\n/** Singleton adapter registry, keyed by injector function name. */\nconst adapters = new Map<string, Disposable>();\n\n/**\n * Creates a singleton port with optional adapter injection.\n *\n * The first call initializes the adapter (using the provided adapter or the\n * injector's default). Subsequent calls return the cached singleton. Adapters\n * are disposed in reverse registration order during {@link disposeAndExit}.\n *\n * @param injector - Named function that creates the default adapter\n * @returns Port function: call with no args to get the singleton, or pass an\n *          adapter on the first call to override the default\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * const store = port(function store(adapter?: Store) {\n *   return adapter || new InMemoryStore();\n * });\n * const s = store(); // InMemoryStore\n * ```\n */\nexport function port<Port extends Disposable>(injector: Injector<Port>) {\n  return (adapter?: Port): Port => {\n    if (!adapters.has(injector.name)) {\n      const injected = injector(adapter);\n      adapters.set(injector.name, injected);\n      // log() is now in adapters (or this IS the log port we just registered),\n      // so the recursive call resolves immediately. Routing through the logger\n      // means level gating (e.g. silenced in tests at fatal) takes effect.\n      log().info(`[act] + ${injector.name}:${injected.constructor.name}`);\n    }\n    return adapters.get(injector.name) as Port;\n  };\n}\n\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Ports: log, store, cache\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n/**\n * Gets or injects the singleton logger.\n *\n * By default, Act uses a built-in {@link ConsoleLogger} that emits JSON lines\n * in production (compatible with GCP, AWS CloudWatch, Datadog) and colorized\n * output in development — zero external dependencies.\n *\n * For pino, inject a `PinoLogger` from `@rotorsoft/act-pino` before building\n * your application.\n *\n * @param adapter - Optional logger implementation to inject\n * @returns The singleton logger instance\n *\n * @example Default console logger\n * ```typescript\n * import { log } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n * const logger = log();\n * logger.info(\"Application started\");\n * ```\n *\n * @example Injecting pino\n * ```typescript\n * import { log } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n * import { PinoLogger } from \"@rotorsoft/act-pino\";\n * log(new PinoLogger({ level: \"debug\", pretty: true }));\n * ```\n *\n * @see {@link Logger} for the interface contract\n * @see {@link ConsoleLogger} for the default implementation\n */\nexport const log = port(function log(adapter?: Logger) {\n  const cfg = config();\n  return (\n    adapter ||\n    new ConsoleLogger({\n      level: cfg.logLevel,\n      pretty: cfg.env !== \"production\",\n    })\n  );\n});\n\n/**\n * Gets or injects the singleton event store.\n *\n * By default, Act uses an {@link InMemoryStore} suitable for development and\n * testing. For production, inject a persistent store like `PostgresStore` from\n * `@rotorsoft/act-pg` before building your application.\n *\n * **Important:** Store injection must happen before creating any Act instances.\n * Once set, the store cannot be changed without restarting the application.\n *\n * @param adapter - Optional store implementation to inject\n * @returns The singleton store instance\n *\n * @example Default in-memory store\n * ```typescript\n * import { store } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n * const s = store();\n * ```\n *\n * @example Injecting PostgreSQL\n * ```typescript\n * import { store } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n * import { PostgresStore } from \"@rotorsoft/act-pg\";\n *\n * store(new PostgresStore({\n *   host: \"localhost\",\n *   port: 5432,\n *   database: \"myapp\",\n *   user: \"postgres\",\n *   password: \"secret\",\n * }));\n * ```\n *\n * @see {@link Store} for the interface contract\n * @see {@link InMemoryStore} for the default implementation\n */\n// ALS check lives outside `port()` — its cache fires only once, so the\n// per-call branch on a scoped Act has to be in the public wrapper.\nconst _store = port(function store(adapter?: Store): Store {\n  return adapter ?? new InMemoryStore();\n});\n\nexport const store = ((adapter?: Store): Store => {\n  return scoped.getStore()?.store ?? _store(adapter);\n}) as (adapter?: Store) => Store;\n\n/**\n * Gets or injects the singleton cache.\n *\n * By default, Act uses an {@link InMemoryCache} (LRU, maxSize 1000). For\n * distributed deployments, inject a Redis-backed cache before building your\n * application.\n *\n * @param adapter - Optional cache implementation to inject\n * @returns The singleton cache instance\n *\n * @see {@link Cache} for the interface contract\n * @see {@link InMemoryCache} for the default implementation\n */\nconst _cache = port(function cache(adapter?: Cache) {\n  return adapter ?? new InMemoryCache();\n});\n\nexport const cache = ((adapter?: Cache): Cache => {\n  return scoped.getStore()?.cache ?? _cache(adapter);\n}) as (adapter?: Cache) => Cache;\n\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Disposal\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n/** Registered cleanup functions, executed in reverse order during shutdown. */\nconst disposers: Disposer[] = [];\n\n/**\n * Disposes all registered adapters and disposers, then exits the process.\n *\n * Execution order:\n * 1. Custom disposers (registered via {@link dispose}) — in reverse order\n * 2. Port adapters (log, store, cache) — in reverse registration order\n * 3. Adapter registry is cleared\n * 4. Process exits (skipped in test environment)\n *\n * In production, `\"ERROR\"` exits are silently ignored to avoid crashing on\n * transient failures (e.g. an uncaught promise in a non-critical path).\n *\n * @param code - Exit code: `\"EXIT\"` for clean shutdown (exit 0),\n *               `\"ERROR\"` for abnormal termination (exit 1)\n */\nexport async function disposeAndExit(code: ExitCode = \"EXIT\"): Promise<void> {\n  if (code === \"ERROR\" && config().env === \"production\") {\n    // Surface the swallow so incident triage can see it. Without this\n    // log the framework looks unresponsive after an uncaught exception\n    // in prod — exactly when operators most need a breadcrumb.\n    log().warn(\n      \"disposeAndExit('ERROR') ignored in production — process kept alive\"\n    );\n    return;\n  }\n\n  // Run sequentially in reverse registration order so a disposer can rely on\n  // later-registered disposers (and adapters on later-registered adapters)\n  // having already finished — Promise.all would race them.\n  for (const disposer of [...disposers].reverse()) {\n    await disposer();\n  }\n  for (const adapter of [...adapters.values()].reverse()) {\n    await adapter.dispose();\n    log().info(`[act] - ${adapter.constructor.name}`);\n  }\n  adapters.clear();\n  config().env !== \"test\" && process.exit(code === \"ERROR\" ? 1 : 0);\n}\n\n/**\n * Registers a cleanup function for graceful shutdown.\n *\n * Disposers are called automatically on SIGINT, SIGTERM, uncaught exceptions,\n * and unhandled rejections. They execute in reverse registration order before\n * port adapters are disposed.\n *\n * @param disposer - Async function to call during cleanup. Omit to get a\n *                   reference to {@link disposeAndExit} without registering.\n * @returns Function to manually trigger disposal and exit\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * import { dispose } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n *\n * const db = connectDatabase();\n * dispose(async () => await db.close());\n *\n * // In tests\n * afterAll(async () => await dispose()());\n * ```\n *\n * @see {@link disposeAndExit} for the full shutdown sequence\n */\nexport function dispose(\n  disposer?: Disposer\n): (code?: ExitCode) => Promise<void> {\n  disposer && disposers.push(disposer);\n  return disposeAndExit;\n}\n\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n// Constants\n// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n/**\n * Event name used internally for snapshot events in the event store.\n * Snapshot events store a full state checkpoint, enabling efficient cold-start\n * recovery without replaying the entire event stream.\n */\nexport const SNAP_EVENT = \"__snapshot__\";\n\n/**\n * Event name used internally for tombstone events in the event store.\n * A tombstone marks a stream as permanently closed — no further writes\n * are permitted until the stream is explicitly restarted via `close()`.\n *\n * @see {@link Act.close} for the close-the-books API\n */\nexport const TOMBSTONE_EVENT = \"__tombstone__\";\n","import { prettifyError, ZodError, type ZodType } from \"zod\";\nimport { config } from \"./config.js\";\nimport { ValidationError } from \"./types/index.js\";\n\n/**\n * @module utils\n * @category Utilities\n *\n * Small utilities used across the framework:\n * - {@link validate} — parse a payload against a Zod schema, throwing\n *   {@link ValidationError} on failure.\n * - {@link extend} — validate a source object and merge into defaults.\n * - {@link sleep} — async delay (default duration from `config().sleepMs`).\n */\n\n/**\n * Parse `payload` against `schema`, returning the validated value or throwing\n * a {@link ValidationError} with prettified Zod details. When `schema` is\n * omitted, returns `payload` unchanged. The framework calls this for every\n * `app.do()` action, every emitted event, and every state init.\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * const UserSchema = z.object({ email: z.string().email() });\n * const user = validate(\"User\", { email: \"alice@example.com\" }, UserSchema);\n * ```\n *\n * @see {@link ValidationError}\n */\nexport const validate = <S>(\n  target: string,\n  payload: Readonly<S>,\n  schema?: ZodType<S>\n): Readonly<S> => {\n  try {\n    return schema ? schema.parse(payload) : payload;\n  } catch (error) {\n    if (error instanceof ZodError) {\n      throw new ValidationError(target, payload, prettifyError(error));\n    }\n    throw new ValidationError(target, payload, error);\n  }\n};\n\n/**\n * Validate `source` against `schema` and return a new object that merges\n * `source` over the optional `target` defaults. Used by {@link config} for\n * env-var-overrides-defaults patterns; safe to call elsewhere — it never\n * mutates `target`.\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * const schema = z.object({ host: z.string(), port: z.number() });\n * const cfg = extend({ port: 8080 }, schema, { host: \"localhost\", port: 80 });\n * // → { host: \"localhost\", port: 8080 }\n * ```\n *\n * @throws {@link ValidationError} if `source` fails the schema.\n */\nexport const extend = <\n  S extends Record<string, unknown>,\n  T extends Record<string, unknown>,\n>(\n  source: Readonly<S>,\n  schema: ZodType<S>,\n  target?: Readonly<T>\n): Readonly<S & T> => {\n  const value = validate(\"config\", source, schema);\n  return { ...target, ...value } as Readonly<S & T>;\n};\n\n/**\n * Pause for `ms` milliseconds (or `config().sleepMs` when omitted — `100ms`\n * in dev, `0ms` in tests). Used by adapters to simulate async I/O.\n *\n * @example\n * ```typescript\n * await sleep();      // default delay from config\n * await sleep(500);   // explicit 500ms\n * ```\n */\nexport async function sleep(ms?: number) {\n  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms ?? config().sleepMs));\n}\n","/**\n * @packageDocumentation\n * @module act/adapters\n * In-memory event store adapter for the Act Framework.\n *\n * This adapter implements the Store interface and is suitable for development, testing, and demonstration purposes.\n * All data is stored in memory and lost on process exit.\n *\n * @category Adapters\n */\nimport { SNAP_EVENT, TOMBSTONE_EVENT } from \"../ports.js\";\nimport { ConcurrencyError } from \"../types/errors.js\";\nimport type {\n  BlockedLease,\n  Committed,\n  EventMeta,\n  Lease,\n  Message,\n  PrioritizeFilter,\n  Query,\n  QueryStreams,\n  QueryStreamsResult,\n  Schema,\n  Schemas,\n  Store,\n  StreamPosition,\n} from \"../types/index.js\";\nimport { sleep } from \"../utils.js\";\n\n/**\n * @internal\n * Represents an in-memory stream for event processing and leasing.\n */\nclass InMemoryStream {\n  private _at = -1;\n  private _retry = -1;\n  private _blocked = false;\n  private _error = \"\";\n  private _leased_by: string | undefined = undefined;\n  private _leased_until: Date | undefined = undefined;\n  private _priority = 0;\n\n  constructor(\n    readonly stream: string,\n    readonly source: string | undefined,\n    priority = 0\n  ) {\n    this._priority = priority;\n  }\n\n  get priority() {\n    return this._priority;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Bump the priority via {@link subscribe}: keeps the maximum across\n   * reactions so the highest-priority registrant wins.\n   */\n  bumpPriority(priority: number) {\n    if (priority > this._priority) this._priority = priority;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Set the priority outright via {@link prioritize}: operator\n   * runtime override that ignores the build-time `max()` invariant.\n   */\n  setPriority(priority: number) {\n    this._priority = priority;\n  }\n\n  get is_available() {\n    return (\n      !this._blocked &&\n      (!this._leased_until || this._leased_until <= new Date())\n    );\n  }\n\n  get at() {\n    return this._at;\n  }\n\n  get retry() {\n    return this._retry;\n  }\n\n  get blocked() {\n    return this._blocked;\n  }\n\n  get error() {\n    return this._error;\n  }\n\n  get leased_by() {\n    return this._leased_by;\n  }\n\n  get leased_until() {\n    return this._leased_until;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Attempt to lease this stream for processing.\n   * @param lease - The lease request.\n   * @param millis - Lease duration in milliseconds.\n   * @returns The granted lease or undefined if blocked.\n   */\n  lease(lease: Lease, millis: number): Lease {\n    if (millis > 0) {\n      this._leased_by = lease.by;\n      this._leased_until = new Date(Date.now() + millis);\n    }\n    this._retry = this._retry + 1;\n    return {\n      stream: this.stream,\n      source: this.source,\n      at: lease.at,\n      by: lease.by,\n      retry: this._retry,\n      lagging: lease.lagging,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Acknowledge completion of processing for this stream.\n   * @param lease - The lease request.\n   */\n  ack(lease: Lease) {\n    if (this._leased_by === lease.by) {\n      this._leased_by = undefined;\n      this._leased_until = undefined;\n      this._at = lease.at;\n      this._retry = -1;\n      return {\n        stream: this.stream,\n        source: this.source,\n        at: this._at,\n        by: lease.by,\n        retry: this._retry,\n        lagging: lease.lagging,\n      };\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Block a stream for processing after failing to process and reaching max retries with blocking enabled.\n   * @param lease - The lease request.\n   * @param error Blocked error message.\n   */\n  block(lease: Lease, error: string) {\n    if (this._leased_by === lease.by) {\n      this._blocked = true;\n      this._error = error;\n      return {\n        stream: this.stream,\n        source: this.source,\n        at: this._at,\n        by: this._leased_by,\n        retry: this._retry,\n        error: this._error,\n        lagging: lease.lagging,\n      };\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Reset this stream's watermark and state for replay. The retry counter\n   * resets to -1 to match the constructor + ack() invariant (\"released\n   * stream\"); the next claim() bumps it to 0 (first attempt).\n   */\n  reset() {\n    this._at = -1;\n    this._retry = -1;\n    this._blocked = false;\n    this._error = \"\";\n    this._leased_by = undefined;\n    this._leased_until = undefined;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * In-memory event store implementation.\n *\n * This is the default store used by Act when no other store is injected.\n * It stores all events in memory and is suitable for:\n * - Development and prototyping\n * - Unit and integration testing\n * - Demonstrations and examples\n *\n * **Not suitable for production** - all data is lost when the process exits.\n * Use {@link PostgresStore} for production deployments.\n *\n * The in-memory store provides:\n * - Full {@link Store} interface implementation\n * - Optimistic concurrency control\n * - Stream leasing for distributed processing simulation\n * - Snapshot support\n * - Fast performance (no I/O overhead)\n *\n * **`Store.notify` is intentionally not implemented.** The notify hook is a\n * cross-process wake-up signal — local commits already arm the drain via\n * `do()`. An in-memory store is single-process by definition, so there is\n * no remote writer to be notified of. The {@link Act} orchestrator\n * detects the absence and falls back to the existing debounce/poll path.\n *\n * @example Using in tests\n * ```typescript\n * import { store } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n *\n * describe(\"Counter\", () => {\n *   beforeEach(async () => {\n *     // Reset store between tests\n *     await store().seed();\n *   });\n *\n *   it(\"increments\", async () => {\n *     await app.do(\"increment\", target, { by: 5 });\n *     const snapshot = await app.load(Counter, \"counter-1\");\n *     expect(snapshot.state.count).toBe(5);\n *   });\n * });\n * ```\n *\n * @example Explicit instantiation\n * ```typescript\n * import { InMemoryStore } from \"@rotorsoft/act\";\n *\n * const testStore = new InMemoryStore();\n * await testStore.seed();\n *\n * // Use for specific test scenarios\n * await testStore.commit(\"test-stream\", events, meta);\n * ```\n *\n * @example Querying events\n * ```typescript\n * const events: any[] = [];\n * await store().query(\n *   (event) => events.push(event),\n *   { stream: \"test-stream\" }\n * );\n * console.log(`Found ${events.length} events`);\n * ```\n *\n * @see {@link Store} for the interface definition\n * @see {@link PostgresStore} for production use\n * @see {@link store} for injecting stores\n *\n * @category Adapters\n */\nexport class InMemoryStore implements Store {\n  // stored events\n  private _events: Committed<Schemas, keyof Schemas>[] = [];\n  // stored stream positions and other metadata\n  private _streams: Map<string, InMemoryStream> = new Map();\n  // last committed version per stream — O(1) replacement for filter-on-commit\n  private _streamVersions: Map<string, number> = new Map();\n  // max non-snapshot event id per stream — drives the source-pattern probe in claim()\n  // without scanning the full event log.\n  private _maxEventIdByStream: Map<string, number> = new Map();\n  // global max non-snapshot event id — fast pre-check for source-less streams in claim()\n  private _maxNonSnapEventId = -1;\n\n  private _resetIndexes() {\n    this._events.length = 0;\n    this._streamVersions.clear();\n    this._maxEventIdByStream.clear();\n    this._maxNonSnapEventId = -1;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Dispose of the store and clear all events.\n   * @returns Promise that resolves when disposal is complete.\n   */\n  async dispose() {\n    await sleep();\n    this._resetIndexes();\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Seed the store with initial data (no-op for in-memory).\n   * @returns Promise that resolves when seeding is complete.\n   */\n  async seed() {\n    await sleep();\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Drop all data from the store.\n   * @returns Promise that resolves when the store is cleared.\n   */\n  async drop() {\n    await sleep();\n    this._resetIndexes();\n    this._streams = new Map();\n  }\n\n  private in_query<E extends Schemas>(query: Query, e: Committed<E, keyof E>) {\n    if (query.stream) {\n      if (query.stream_exact) {\n        if (e.stream !== query.stream) return false;\n      } else if (!RegExp(query.stream).test(e.stream)) return false;\n    }\n    if (query.names && !query.names.includes(e.name as string)) return false;\n    if (query.correlation && e.meta?.correlation !== query.correlation)\n      return false;\n    if (e.name === SNAP_EVENT && !query.with_snaps) return false;\n    return true;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Query events in the store, optionally filtered by query options.\n   * @param callback - Function to call for each event.\n   * @param query - Optional query options.\n   * @returns The number of events processed.\n   */\n  async query<E extends Schemas>(\n    callback: (event: Committed<E, keyof E>) => void,\n    query?: Query\n  ) {\n    await sleep();\n    let count = 0;\n    if (query?.backward) {\n      let i = (query?.before || this._events.length) - 1;\n      while (i >= 0) {\n        const e = this._events[i--];\n        if (query && !this.in_query(query, e)) continue;\n        if (query?.created_before && e.created >= query.created_before)\n          continue;\n        if (query.after && e.id <= query.after) break;\n        if (query.created_after && e.created <= query.created_after) break;\n        callback(e as Committed<E, keyof E>);\n        count++;\n        if (query?.limit && count >= query.limit) break;\n      }\n    } else {\n      let i = (query?.after ?? -1) + 1;\n      while (i < this._events.length) {\n        const e = this._events[i++];\n        if (query && !this.in_query(query, e)) continue;\n        if (query?.created_after && e.created <= query.created_after) continue;\n        if (query?.before && e.id >= query.before) break;\n        if (query?.created_before && e.created >= query.created_before) break;\n        callback(e as Committed<E, keyof E>);\n        count++;\n        if (query?.limit && count >= query.limit) break;\n      }\n    }\n    return count;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Commit one or more events to a stream.\n   * @param stream - The stream name.\n   * @param msgs - The events/messages to commit.\n   * @param meta - Event metadata.\n   * @param expectedVersion - Optional optimistic concurrency check.\n   * @returns The committed events with metadata.\n   * @throws ConcurrencyError if expectedVersion does not match.\n   */\n  async commit<E extends Schemas>(\n    stream: string,\n    msgs: Message<E, keyof E>[],\n    meta: EventMeta,\n    expectedVersion?: number\n  ) {\n    await sleep();\n    const currentVersion = this._streamVersions.get(stream) ?? -1;\n    if (\n      typeof expectedVersion === \"number\" &&\n      currentVersion !== expectedVersion\n    ) {\n      throw new ConcurrencyError(\n        stream,\n        currentVersion,\n        msgs as Message<Schemas, keyof Schemas>[],\n        expectedVersion\n      );\n    }\n\n    let version = currentVersion + 1;\n    let lastNonSnapId = -1;\n    const committed = msgs.map(({ name, data }) => {\n      const c: Committed<E, keyof E> = {\n        id: this._events.length,\n        stream,\n        version,\n        created: new Date(),\n        name,\n        data,\n        meta,\n      };\n      this._events.push(c as Committed<Schemas, keyof Schemas>);\n      if (name !== SNAP_EVENT) lastNonSnapId = c.id;\n      version++;\n      return c;\n    });\n    this._streamVersions.set(stream, version - 1);\n    if (lastNonSnapId >= 0) {\n      this._maxEventIdByStream.set(stream, lastNonSnapId);\n      // commit always assigns a fresh id from this._events.length, so any\n      // non-snap commit strictly raises the global max.\n      this._maxNonSnapEventId = lastNonSnapId;\n    }\n    return committed;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Atomically discovers and leases streams for processing.\n   * Fuses poll + lease into a single operation.\n   * @param lagging - Max streams from lagging frontier.\n   * @param leading - Max streams from leading frontier.\n   * @param by - Lease holder identifier.\n   * @param millis - Lease duration in milliseconds.\n   * @returns Granted leases.\n   */\n  async claim(lagging: number, leading: number, by: string, millis: number) {\n    await sleep();\n    // Cache compiled regexes — multiple subscribed streams typically share the\n    // same source pattern, and the inner loop can run thousands of times per claim.\n    const sourceRegex = new Map<string, RegExp>();\n    const getRegex = (source: string) => {\n      let re = sourceRegex.get(source);\n      if (!re) {\n        re = new RegExp(source);\n        sourceRegex.set(source, re);\n      }\n      return re;\n    };\n    const hasWork = (s: InMemoryStream): boolean => {\n      if (s.at < 0) return true;\n      if (!s.source) return s.at < this._maxNonSnapEventId;\n      const re = getRegex(s.source);\n      for (const [streamName, maxId] of this._maxEventIdByStream) {\n        if (maxId > s.at && re.test(streamName)) return true;\n      }\n      return false;\n    };\n    const available = [...this._streams.values()].filter(\n      (s) => s.is_available && hasWork(s)\n    );\n    // Lagging frontier orders by priority DESC (higher first), then by\n    // watermark ASC (most-behind first). Mirrors the PG `claim()` SQL\n    // — see `libs/act-pg/PERFORMANCE.md` for the benchmark that\n    // motivated the priority dimension.\n    const lag = available\n      .sort((a, b) => b.priority - a.priority || a.at - b.at)\n      .slice(0, lagging)\n      .map((s) => ({\n        stream: s.stream,\n        source: s.source,\n        at: s.at,\n        lagging: true,\n      }));\n    const lead = available\n      .sort((a, b) => b.at - a.at)\n      .slice(0, leading)\n      .map((s) => ({\n        stream: s.stream,\n        source: s.source,\n        at: s.at,\n        lagging: false,\n      }));\n    // deduplicate (a stream can appear in both frontiers)\n    const seen = new Set<string>();\n    const combined = [...lag, ...lead].filter((p) => {\n      if (seen.has(p.stream)) return false;\n      seen.add(p.stream);\n      return true;\n    });\n    // lease each atomically\n    return combined\n      .map((p) =>\n        this._streams.get(p.stream)?.lease({ ...p, by, retry: 0 }, millis)\n      )\n      .filter((l) => !!l);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Registers streams for event processing. When the same stream is\n   * resubscribed with a different priority, the **maximum** wins — so\n   * the highest-priority registered reaction sets the scheduling lane.\n   * Use {@link prioritize} for operator runtime overrides.\n   *\n   * @param streams - Streams to register with optional source + priority.\n   * @returns subscribed count and current max watermark.\n   */\n  async subscribe(\n    streams: Array<{ stream: string; source?: string; priority?: number }>\n  ) {\n    await sleep();\n    let subscribed = 0;\n    for (const { stream, source, priority = 0 } of streams) {\n      const existing = this._streams.get(stream);\n      if (existing) {\n        existing.bumpPriority(priority);\n      } else {\n        this._streams.set(stream, new InMemoryStream(stream, source, priority));\n        subscribed++;\n      }\n    }\n    let watermark = -1;\n    for (const s of this._streams.values()) {\n      if (s.at > watermark) watermark = s.at;\n    }\n    return { subscribed, watermark };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Acknowledge completion of processing for leased streams.\n   * @param leases - Leases to acknowledge, including last processed watermark and lease holder.\n   */\n  async ack(leases: Lease[]) {\n    await sleep();\n    return leases\n      .map((l) => this._streams.get(l.stream)?.ack(l))\n      .filter((l) => !!l);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Block a stream for processing after failing to process and reaching max retries with blocking enabled.\n   * @param leases - Leases to block, including lease holder and last error message.\n   * @returns Blocked leases.\n   */\n  async block(leases: BlockedLease[]) {\n    await sleep();\n    return leases\n      .map((l) => this._streams.get(l.stream)?.block(l, l.error))\n      .filter((l) => !!l);\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Reset watermarks for the given streams to -1, clearing retry, blocked,\n   * error, and lease state so they can be replayed from the beginning.\n   * @param streams - Stream names to reset.\n   * @returns Count of streams that were actually reset.\n   */\n  async reset(streams: string[]) {\n    await sleep();\n    let count = 0;\n    for (const name of streams) {\n      const s = this._streams.get(name);\n      if (s) {\n        s.reset();\n        count++;\n      }\n    }\n    return count;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Bulk-update priority of streams matching `filter`. Mirrors\n   * {@link query_streams}'s filter semantics — see {@link Store.prioritize}.\n   * Unlike {@link subscribe} (which keeps `max()` of registered\n   * priorities), this sets the priority outright — operator override\n   * for the build-time scheduling policy.\n   *\n   * @returns Count of streams whose priority changed.\n   */\n  async prioritize(filter: PrioritizeFilter, priority: number) {\n    await sleep();\n    const streamRe =\n      filter.stream && !filter.stream_exact\n        ? new RegExp(filter.stream)\n        : undefined;\n    const sourceRe =\n      filter.source && !filter.source_exact\n        ? new RegExp(filter.source)\n        : undefined;\n    let count = 0;\n    for (const s of this._streams.values()) {\n      if (filter.stream !== undefined) {\n        if (\n          filter.stream_exact\n            ? s.stream !== filter.stream\n            : !streamRe!.test(s.stream)\n        )\n          continue;\n      }\n      if (filter.source !== undefined) {\n        if (s.source === undefined) continue;\n        if (\n          filter.source_exact\n            ? s.source !== filter.source\n            : !sourceRe!.test(s.source)\n        )\n          continue;\n      }\n      if (filter.blocked !== undefined && s.blocked !== filter.blocked)\n        continue;\n      if (s.priority !== priority) {\n        s.setPriority(priority);\n        count++;\n      }\n    }\n    return count;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Streams registered subscription positions to the callback, ordered by\n   * stream name. Returns the highest event id in the store and the count\n   * of positions emitted.\n   */\n  async query_streams(\n    callback: (position: StreamPosition) => void,\n    query?: QueryStreams\n  ): Promise<QueryStreamsResult> {\n    await sleep();\n    const limit = query?.limit ?? 100;\n    const after = query?.after;\n    const blocked = query?.blocked;\n    const streamRe =\n      query?.stream && !query.stream_exact\n        ? new RegExp(query.stream)\n        : undefined;\n    const sourceRe =\n      query?.source && !query.source_exact\n        ? new RegExp(query.source)\n        : undefined;\n\n    const sorted = [...this._streams.values()].sort((a, b) =>\n      a.stream.localeCompare(b.stream)\n    );\n\n    let count = 0;\n    for (const s of sorted) {\n      if (after !== undefined && s.stream <= after) continue;\n      if (query?.stream !== undefined) {\n        if (\n          query.stream_exact\n            ? s.stream !== query.stream\n            : !streamRe!.test(s.stream)\n        )\n          continue;\n      }\n      if (query?.source !== undefined) {\n        if (s.source === undefined) continue;\n        if (\n          query.source_exact\n            ? s.source !== query.source\n            : !sourceRe!.test(s.source)\n        )\n          continue;\n      }\n      if (blocked !== undefined && s.blocked !== blocked) continue;\n      callback({\n        stream: s.stream,\n        source: s.source,\n        at: s.at,\n        retry: s.retry,\n        blocked: s.blocked,\n        error: s.error,\n        priority: s.priority,\n        leased_by: s.leased_by,\n        leased_until: s.leased_until,\n      });\n      count++;\n      if (count >= limit) break;\n    }\n    return { maxEventId: this._events.length - 1, count };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Atomically truncates streams and seeds each with a snapshot or tombstone.\n   * @param targets - Streams to truncate with optional snapshot state and meta.\n   * @returns Map keyed by stream name, each entry with `deleted` count and `committed` event.\n   */\n  async truncate(\n    targets: Array<{\n      stream: string;\n      snapshot?: Schema;\n      meta?: EventMeta;\n    }>\n  ) {\n    await sleep();\n    // Count per-stream deletions\n    const deletedCounts = new Map<string, number>();\n    const streamSet = new Set(targets.map((t) => t.stream));\n    for (const e of this._events) {\n      if (streamSet.has(e.stream)) {\n        deletedCounts.set(e.stream, (deletedCounts.get(e.stream) ?? 0) + 1);\n      }\n    }\n    this._events = this._events.filter((e) => !streamSet.has(e.stream));\n    for (const stream of streamSet) {\n      this._streams.delete(stream);\n      this._streamVersions.delete(stream);\n      this._maxEventIdByStream.delete(stream);\n    }\n    const result = new Map<\n      string,\n      { deleted: number; committed: Committed<Schemas, keyof Schemas> }\n    >();\n    for (const { stream, snapshot, meta } of targets) {\n      const event: Committed<Schemas, keyof Schemas> = {\n        id: this._events.length,\n        stream,\n        version: 0,\n        created: new Date(),\n        name: snapshot !== undefined ? 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package/dist/index.cjs

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ var ConsoleLogger = class _ConsoleLogger {
   }
 };
 
-// src/lru-map.ts
+// src/internal/lru-map.ts
 var LruMap = class {
   constructor(_maxSize) {
     this._maxSize = _maxSize;
@@ -1387,10 +1387,20 @@ function computeLagLeadRatio(handled, lagging, leading) {
 }
 
 // src/internal/drain-cycle.ts
-async function runDrainCycle(ops, registry, batchHandlers, handle, handleBatch, lagging, leading, eventLimit, leaseMillis) {
+async function runDrainCycle(ops, registry, batchHandlers, handle, handleBatch, lagging, leading, eventLimit, leaseMillis, isDeferred) {
   const leased = await ops.claim(lagging, leading, (0, import_node_crypto2.randomUUID)(), leaseMillis);
   if (!leased.length) return void 0;
-  const fetched = await ops.fetch(leased, eventLimit);
+  const active = isDeferred ? leased.filter((l) => !isDeferred(l.stream)) : leased;
+  if (!active.length) {
+    return {
+      leased,
+      fetched: [],
+      handled: [],
+      acked: [],
+      blocked: []
+    };
+  }
+  const fetched = await ops.fetch(active, eventLimit);
   const fetchMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
   const fetch_window_at = fetched.reduce(
     (max, { at, events }) => Math.max(max, events.at(-1)?.id || at),
@@ -1409,7 +1419,7 @@ async function runDrainCycle(ops, registry, batchHandlers, handle, handleBatch,
     fetchMap.set(stream, { fetch: f, payloads });
   }
   const handled = await Promise.all(
-    leased.map((lease) => {
+    active.map((lease) => {
       const entry = fetchMap.get(lease.stream);
       const at = entry.fetch.events.at(-1)?.id || fetch_window_at;
       const { payloads } = entry;
@@ -1441,6 +1451,15 @@ var DrainController = class {
   _armed = false;
   _locked = false;
   _ratio = 0.5;
+  /**
+   * Per-stream backoff: `stream → nextAttemptAt` (ms since epoch). Set by
+   * `_finalize` via `HandleResult.nextAttemptAt`; cleared on successful
+   * ack or terminal block. Lives in process memory — per-worker pacing
+   * by design (see {@link BackoffOptions} for the multi-worker trade-off).
+   */
+  _backoff = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+  /** Timer re-arming drain at the earliest pending `nextAttemptAt`. */
+  _backoffTimer;
   /**
    * Signal that a commit (or reset / cold-start) may have produced work.
    * Subsequent `drain()` calls will run the pipeline; once the pipeline
@@ -1453,6 +1472,32 @@ var DrainController = class {
   get armed() {
     return this._armed;
   }
+  /** Returns true when `stream` is currently within a backoff window. */
+  isDeferred = (stream) => {
+    const next = this._backoff.get(stream);
+    return next !== void 0 && next > Date.now();
+  };
+  /**
+   * Schedule the next drain re-arm at the earliest pending backoff
+   * expiry. Called only when the backoff map is non-empty (caller guard).
+   * Idempotent — collapses many simultaneously deferred streams into a
+   * single timer.
+   */
+  scheduleBackoffWake() {
+    if (this._backoffTimer) clearTimeout(this._backoffTimer);
+    let earliest = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+    for (const t of this._backoff.values()) if (t < earliest) earliest = t;
+    const delay = Math.max(0, earliest - Date.now());
+    this._backoffTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      this._backoffTimer = void 0;
+      const now = Date.now();
+      for (const [stream, at] of this._backoff) {
+        if (at <= now) this._backoff.delete(stream);
+      }
+      this._armed = true;
+    }, delay);
+    this._backoffTimer.unref();
+  }
   /** Run one drain pass. Short-circuits when not armed or already running. */
   async drain({
     streamLimit = 10,
@@ -1474,7 +1519,8 @@ var DrainController = class {
         lagging,
         leading,
         eventLimit,
-        leaseMillis
+        leaseMillis,
+        this._backoff.size > 0 ? this.isDeferred : void 0
       );
       if (!cycle) {
         this._armed = false;
@@ -1482,6 +1528,14 @@ var DrainController = class {
       }
       const { leased, fetched, handled, acked, blocked } = cycle;
       this._ratio = computeLagLeadRatio(handled, lagging, leading);
+      for (const lease of acked) this._backoff.delete(lease.stream);
+      for (const lease of blocked) this._backoff.delete(lease.stream);
+      for (const h of handled) {
+        if (h.nextAttemptAt !== void 0 && !h.block) {
+          this._backoff.set(h.lease.stream, h.nextAttemptAt);
+        }
+      }
+      if (this._backoff.size > 0) this.scheduleBackoffWake();
       if (acked.length) this.deps.onAcked(acked);
       if (blocked.length) this.deps.onBlocked(blocked);
       const hasErrors = handled.some(({ error }) => error);
@@ -1676,6 +1730,27 @@ var _this_ = ({ stream }) => ({
   target: stream
 });
 
+// src/internal/backoff.ts
+function computeBackoffDelay(retry, opts) {
+  if (!opts || opts.baseMs <= 0) return 0;
+  const r = Math.max(0, retry);
+  let delay;
+  switch (opts.strategy) {
+    case "fixed":
+      delay = opts.baseMs;
+      break;
+    case "linear":
+      delay = opts.baseMs * (r + 1);
+      break;
+    case "exponential":
+      delay = opts.baseMs * 2 ** r;
+      if (opts.maxMs !== void 0) delay = Math.min(delay, opts.maxMs);
+      break;
+  }
+  if (opts.jitter) delay = delay * (0.5 + Math.random());
+  return Math.max(0, Math.floor(delay));
+}
+
 // src/internal/reactions.ts
 function finalize(lease, handled, at, error, options, logger) {
   if (!error) return { lease, handled, at };
@@ -1683,12 +1758,14 @@ function finalize(lease, handled, at, error, options, logger) {
   const block2 = lease.retry >= options.maxRetries && options.blockOnError;
   if (block2)
     logger.error(`Blocking ${lease.stream} after ${lease.retry} retries.`);
+  const nextAttemptAt = !block2 && options.backoff ? Date.now() + computeBackoffDelay(lease.retry, options.backoff) : void 0;
   return {
     lease,
     handled,
     at,
     error: handled === 0 ? error.message : void 0,
-    block: block2
+    block: block2,
+    nextAttemptAt
   };
 }
 function buildHandle(deps) {
@@ -3008,7 +3085,8 @@ function act() {
           resolver: _this_,
           options: {
             blockOnError: options?.blockOnError ?? true,
-            maxRetries: options?.maxRetries ?? 3
+            maxRetries: options?.maxRetries ?? 3,
+            backoff: options?.backoff
           }
         };
         if (!handler.name)
@@ -3134,7 +3212,8 @@ function slice() {
           resolver: _this_,
           options: {
             blockOnError: options?.blockOnError ?? true,
-            maxRetries: options?.maxRetries ?? 3
+            maxRetries: options?.maxRetries ?? 3,
+            backoff: options?.backoff
           }
         };
         if (!handler.name)