@rocicorp/zero 1.9.0-canary.3 → 1.9.0-canary.5

package/out/zero-cache/src/services/change-streamer/change-streamer-service.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"change-streamer-service.js","names":["#lc","#shard","#changeDB","#replicaVersion","#source","#storer","#forwarder","#replicationStatusPublisher","#autoReset","#state","#initialWatermarks","#serving","#txCounter","#changeCounter","#stream","#purgeLock","#latestStatus","#handleControlMessage","#purgeOldChanges"],"sources":["../../../../../../zero-cache/src/services/change-streamer/change-streamer-service.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import {getDefaultHighWaterMark} from 'node:stream';\nimport type {LogContext} from '@rocicorp/logger';\nimport {resolver} from '@rocicorp/resolver';\nimport {unreachable} from '../../../../shared/src/asserts.ts';\nimport {promiseVoid} from '../../../../shared/src/resolved-promises.ts';\nimport {publishCriticalEvent} from '../../observability/events.ts';\nimport {getOrCreateCounter} from '../../observability/metrics.ts';\nimport {\n  min,\n  type AtLeastOne,\n  type LexiVersion,\n} from '../../types/lexi-version.ts';\nimport type {PostgresDB} from '../../types/pg.ts';\nimport type {ShardID} from '../../types/shards.ts';\nimport type {Source} from '../../types/streams.ts';\nimport {Subscription} from '../../types/subscription.ts';\nimport type {\n  ChangeSource,\n  ChangeStream,\n} from '../change-source/change-source.ts';\nimport {\n  type ChangeStreamControl,\n  type ChangeStreamData,\n  type Rollback,\n} from '../change-source/protocol/current/downstream.ts';\nimport {\n  publishReplicationError,\n  replicationStatusError,\n  type ReplicationStatusPublisher,\n} from '../replicator/replication-status.ts';\nimport type {SubscriptionState} from '../replicator/schema/replication-state.ts';\nimport {\n  DEFAULT_MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS,\n  RunningState,\n  UnrecoverableError,\n} from '../running-state.ts';\nimport {\n  type ChangeStreamerService,\n  type Status,\n  type SubscriberContext,\n} from './change-streamer.ts';\nimport * as ErrorType from './error-type-enum.ts';\nimport {Forwarder} from './forwarder.ts';\nimport {initChangeStreamerSchema} from './schema/init.ts';\nimport {\n  AutoResetSignal,\n  ensureReplicationConfig,\n  markResetRequired,\n} from './schema/tables.ts';\nimport {\n  Storer,\n  type PurgeLock,\n  type TuningOptions as StorerOptions,\n} from './storer.ts';\nimport {Subscriber} from './subscriber.ts';\n\nexport type TuningOptions = StorerOptions & {\n  flowControlConsensusPaddingSeconds: number;\n};\n\n/**\n * Performs initialization and schema migrations to initialize a ChangeStreamerImpl.\n */\nexport async function initializeStreamer(\n  lc: LogContext,\n  shard: ShardID,\n  taskID: string,\n  discoveryAddress: string,\n  discoveryProtocol: string,\n  changeDB: PostgresDB,\n  changeSource: ChangeSource,\n  replicationStatusPublisher: ReplicationStatusPublisher,\n  subscriptionState: SubscriptionState,\n  purgeLock: PurgeLock | null,\n  autoReset: boolean,\n  opts: TuningOptions,\n  setTimeoutFn = setTimeout,\n): Promise<ChangeStreamerService> {\n  // Make sure the ChangeLog DB is set up.\n  await initChangeStreamerSchema(lc, changeDB, shard);\n  await ensureReplicationConfig(\n    lc,\n    changeDB,\n    subscriptionState,\n    shard,\n    autoReset,\n    setTimeoutFn,\n  );\n\n  const {replicaVersion} = subscriptionState;\n  return new ChangeStreamerImpl(\n    lc,\n    shard,\n    taskID,\n    discoveryAddress,\n    discoveryProtocol,\n    changeDB,\n    replicaVersion,\n    changeSource,\n    replicationStatusPublisher,\n    purgeLock,\n    autoReset,\n    opts,\n    setTimeoutFn,\n  );\n}\n\nconst REPLICATION_STATUS_ERROR_DELAY_THRESHOLD_MS = 5000;\n\nexport type ChangeTag = ChangeStreamData[1]['tag'];\n\n/**\n * Internally all Downstream messages (not just commits) are given a watermark.\n * These are used for internal ordering for:\n * 1. Replaying new changes in the Storer\n * 2. Filtering old changes in the Subscriber\n *\n * However, only the watermark for `Commit` messages are exposed to\n * subscribers, as that is the only semantically correct watermark to\n * use for tracking a position in a replication stream.\n *\n * Additionally, the ChangeStreamData is eagerly stringified once, after which\n * the string is passed to the changeLog and all subscribers, eliminating\n * redundant stringification and reducing GC churn.\n */\nexport type WatermarkedChange = [\n  watermark: string,\n  tag: ChangeTag,\n  json: string,\n];\n\n/**\n * Upstream-agnostic dispatch of messages in a {@link ChangeStreamMessage} to a\n * {@link Forwarder} and {@link Storer} to execute the forward-store-ack\n * procedure described in {@link ChangeStreamer}.\n *\n * ### Subscriber Catchup\n *\n * Connecting clients first need to be \"caught up\" to the current watermark\n * (from stored change log entries) before new entries are forwarded to\n * them. This is non-trivial because the replication stream may be in the\n * middle of a pending streamed Transaction for which some entries have\n * already been forwarded but are not yet committed to the store.\n *\n *\n * ```\n * ------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n * | Historic changes in storage |  Pending (streamed) tx  |   Next tx\n * ------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n *                                           Replication stream\n *                                           >  >  >  >  >  >  >  >  >\n *           ^  ---> required catchup --->   ^\n * Subscriber watermark               Subscription begins\n * ```\n *\n * Preemptively buffering the changes of every pending transaction\n * would be wasteful and consume too much memory for large transactions.\n *\n * Instead, the streamer synchronously dispatches changes and subscriptions\n * to the {@link Forwarder} and the {@link Storer} such that the two\n * components are aligned as to where in the stream the subscription started.\n * The two components then coordinate catchup and handoff via the\n * {@link Subscriber} object with the following algorithm:\n *\n * * If the streamer is in the middle of a pending Transaction, the\n *   Subscriber is \"queued\" on both the Forwarder and the Storer. In this\n *   state, new changes are *not* forwarded to the Subscriber, and catchup\n *   is not yet executed.\n * * Once the commit message for the pending Transaction is processed\n *   by the Storer, it begins catchup on the Subscriber (with a READONLY\n *   snapshot so that it does not block subsequent storage operations).\n *   This catchup is thus guaranteed to load the change log entries of\n *   that last Transaction.\n * * When the Forwarder processes that same commit message, it moves the\n *   Subscriber from the \"queued\" to the \"active\" set of clients such that\n *   the Subscriber begins receiving new changes, starting from the next\n *   Transaction.\n * * The Subscriber does not forward those changes, however, if its catchup\n *   is not complete. Until then, it buffers the changes in memory.\n * * Once catchup is complete, the buffered changes are immediately sent\n *   and the Subscriber henceforth forwards changes as they are received.\n *\n * In the (common) case where the streamer is not in the middle of a pending\n * transaction when a subscription begins, the Storer begins catchup\n * immediately and the Forwarder directly adds the Subscriber to its active\n * set. However, the Subscriber still buffers any forwarded messages until\n * its catchup is complete.\n *\n * ### Watermarks and ordering\n *\n * The ChangeStreamerService depends on its {@link ChangeSource} to send\n * changes in contiguous [`begin`, `data` ..., `data`, `commit`] sequences\n * in commit order. This follows Postgres's Logical Replication Protocol\n * Message Flow:\n *\n * https://www.postgresql.org/docs/16/protocol-logical-replication.html#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-MESSAGES-FLOW\n *\n * > The logical replication protocol sends individual transactions one by one.\n * > This means that all messages between a pair of Begin and Commit messages belong to the same transaction.\n *\n * In order to correctly replay (new) and filter (old) messages to subscribers\n * at different points in the replication stream, these changes must be assigned\n * watermarks such that they preserve the order in which they were received\n * from the ChangeSource.\n *\n * A previous implementation incorrectly derived these watermarks from the Postgres\n * Log Sequence Numbers (LSN) of each message. However, LSNs from concurrent,\n * non-conflicting transactions can overlap, which can result in a `begin` message\n * with an earlier LSN arriving after a `commit` message. For example, the\n * changes for these transactions:\n *\n * ```\n * LSN:   1     2     3  4    5   6   7     8   9      10\n * tx1: begin  data     data     data     commit\n * tx2:             begin    data    data      data  commit\n * ```\n *\n * will arrive as:\n *\n * ```\n * begin1, data2, data4, data6, commit8, begin3, data5, data7, data9, commit10\n * ```\n *\n * Thus, LSN of non-commit messages are not suitable for tracking the sorting\n * order of the replication stream.\n *\n * Instead, the ChangeStreamer uses the following algorithm for deterministic\n * catchup and filtering of changes:\n *\n * * A `commit` message is assigned to a watermark corresponding to its LSN.\n *   These are guaranteed to be in commit order by definition.\n *\n * * `begin` and `data` messages are assigned to the watermark of the\n *   preceding `commit` (the previous transaction, or the replication\n *   slot's starting LSN) plus 1. This guarantees that they will be sorted\n *   after the previously commit transaction even if their LSNs came before it.\n *   This is referred to as the `preCommitWatermark`.\n *\n * * In the ChangeLog DB, messages have a secondary sort column `pos`, which is\n *   the position of the message within its transaction, with the `begin` message\n *   starting at `0`. This guarantees that `begin` and `data` messages will be\n *   fetched in the original ChangeSource order during catchup.\n *\n * `begin` and `data` messages share the same watermark, but this is sufficient for\n * Subscriber filtering because subscribers only know about the `commit` watermarks\n * exposed in the `Downstream` `Commit` message. The Subscriber object thus compares\n * the internal watermarks of the incoming messages against the commit watermark of\n * the caller, updating the watermark at every `Commit` message that is forwarded.\n *\n * ### Cleanup\n *\n * As mentioned in the {@link ChangeStreamer} documentation: \"the ChangeStreamer\n * uses a combination of [the \"initial\", i.e. backup-derived watermark and] ACK\n * responses from connected subscribers to determine the watermark up\n * to which it is safe to purge old change log entries.\"\n *\n * More concretely:\n *\n * * The `initial`, backup-derived watermark is the earliest to which cleanup\n *   should ever happen.\n *\n * * However, it is possible for the replica backup to be *ahead* of a connected\n *   subscriber; and if a network error causes that subscriber to retry from its\n *   last watermark, the change streamer must support it.\n *\n * Thus, before cleaning up to an `initial` backup-derived watermark, the change\n * streamer first confirms that all connected subscribers have also passed\n * that watermark.\n */\nclass ChangeStreamerImpl implements ChangeStreamerService {\n  readonly id: string;\n  readonly #lc: LogContext;\n  readonly #shard: ShardID;\n  readonly #changeDB: PostgresDB;\n  readonly #replicaVersion: string;\n  readonly #source: ChangeSource;\n  readonly #storer: Storer;\n  readonly #forwarder: Forwarder;\n  readonly #replicationStatusPublisher: ReplicationStatusPublisher;\n\n  readonly #autoReset: boolean;\n  readonly #state: RunningState;\n  readonly #initialWatermarks = new Set<string>();\n\n  // Starting the (Postgres) ChangeStream results in killing the previous\n  // Postgres subscriber, potentially creating a gap in which the old\n  // change-streamer has shut down and the new change-streamer has not yet\n  // been recognized as \"healthy\" (and thus does not get any requests).\n  //\n  // To minimize this gap, delay starting the ChangeStream until the first\n  // request from a `serving` replicator, indicating that higher level\n  // load-balancing / routing logic has begun routing requests to this task.\n  readonly #serving = resolver();\n\n  readonly #txCounter = getOrCreateCounter(\n    'replication',\n    'transactions',\n    'Count of replicated transactions',\n  );\n  readonly #changeCounter = getOrCreateCounter(\n    'replication',\n    'changes',\n    'Count of replicated changes (DML or DDL statements)',\n  );\n\n  #latestStatus: Status;\n  #purgeLock: PurgeLock | null;\n  #stream: ChangeStream | undefined;\n\n  constructor(\n    lc: LogContext,\n    shard: ShardID,\n    taskID: string,\n    discoveryAddress: string,\n    discoveryProtocol: string,\n    changeDB: PostgresDB,\n    replicaVersion: string,\n    source: ChangeSource,\n    replicationStatusPublisher: ReplicationStatusPublisher,\n    initialPurgeLock: PurgeLock | null,\n    autoReset: boolean,\n    opts: TuningOptions,\n    setTimeoutFn = setTimeout,\n  ) {\n    this.id = `change-streamer`;\n    this.#lc = lc.withContext('component', 'change-streamer');\n    this.#shard = shard;\n    this.#changeDB = changeDB;\n    this.#replicaVersion = replicaVersion;\n    this.#source = source;\n    this.#storer = new Storer(\n      lc,\n      shard,\n      taskID,\n      discoveryAddress,\n      discoveryProtocol,\n      changeDB,\n      replicaVersion,\n      consumed => this.#stream?.acks.push(['status', consumed[1], consumed[2]]),\n      err => this.stop(err),\n      opts,\n    );\n    this.#forwarder = new Forwarder(lc, {\n      flowControlConsensusPaddingSeconds:\n        opts.flowControlConsensusPaddingSeconds,\n    });\n    this.#replicationStatusPublisher = replicationStatusPublisher;\n    this.#purgeLock = initialPurgeLock;\n    this.#autoReset = autoReset;\n    this.#state = new RunningState(this.id, undefined, setTimeoutFn);\n    this.#latestStatus = {tag: 'status'};\n  }\n\n  async run() {\n    this.#lc.info?.('starting change stream');\n\n    this.#forwarder.startProgressMonitor();\n\n    const lagReport = await this.#source.startLagReporter();\n    if (lagReport) {\n      this.#latestStatus.lagReport = lagReport;\n    }\n\n    // Once this change-streamer acquires \"ownership\" of the change DB,\n    // it is safe to start the storer.\n    await this.#storer.assumeOwnership(this.#purgeLock);\n    this.#purgeLock = null;\n\n    // The threshold in (estimated number of) bytes to send() on subscriber\n    // websockets before `await`-ing the I/O buffers to be ready for more.\n    const flushBytesThreshold = getDefaultHighWaterMark(false);\n\n    while (this.#state.shouldRun()) {\n      let err: unknown;\n      let watermark: string | null = null;\n      let unflushedBytes = 0;\n      try {\n        const {lastWatermark, backfillRequests} =\n          await this.#storer.getStartStreamInitializationParameters();\n        const stream = await this.#source.startStream(\n          lastWatermark,\n          backfillRequests,\n        );\n        this.#storer.run().catch(e => stream.changes.cancel(e));\n\n        this.#stream = stream;\n        if (\n          this.#state.resetBackoff() >\n          REPLICATION_STATUS_ERROR_DELAY_THRESHOLD_MS\n        ) {\n          // After recovering from a backoff for which a replication status\n          // error was published, publish an OK status\n          this.#replicationStatusPublisher.publish(\n            this.#lc,\n            'Replicating',\n            `Replicating from ${lastWatermark}`,\n          );\n        }\n        watermark = null;\n\n        for await (const change of stream.changes) {\n          const [type, msg] = change;\n          switch (type) {\n            case 'status':\n              if (msg.ack) {\n                this.#storer.status(change); // storer acks once it gets through its queue\n              }\n              if (msg.lagReport) {\n                // Lag reports are not stored in the cdc change log, but rather\n                // only forwarded on \"live\" connections. When a new subscriber\n                // is catching up, it is initialized with the #latestStatus\n                // from which it can measure lag while catching up.\n                this.#latestStatus.lagReport = msg.lagReport;\n                this.#forwarder.sendStatus(this.#latestStatus);\n              }\n              continue;\n            case 'control':\n              await this.#handleControlMessage(msg);\n              continue; // control messages are not stored/forwarded\n            case 'begin':\n              watermark = change[2].commitWatermark;\n              break;\n            case 'commit':\n              if (watermark !== change[2].watermark) {\n                throw new UnrecoverableError(\n                  `commit watermark ${change[2].watermark} does not match 'begin' watermark ${watermark}`,\n                );\n              }\n              this.#txCounter.add(1);\n              break;\n            default:\n              if (type === 'data') {\n                this.#changeCounter.add(1);\n              }\n              if (watermark === null) {\n                throw new UnrecoverableError(\n                  `${type} change (${msg.tag}) received before 'begin' message`,\n                );\n              }\n              break;\n          }\n\n          const json = this.#storer.store(watermark, change);\n          const entry: WatermarkedChange = [watermark, change[1].tag, json];\n          unflushedBytes += json.length;\n          if (unflushedBytes < flushBytesThreshold) {\n            // pipeline changes until flushBytesThreshold\n            this.#forwarder.forward(entry);\n          } else {\n            // Wait for messages to clear socket buffers to ensure that they\n            // make their way to subscribers. Without this `await`, the\n            // messages end up being buffered in this process, which:\n            // (1) results in memory pressure and increased GC activity\n            // (2) prevents subscribers from processing the messages as they\n            //     arrive, instead getting them in a large batch after being\n            //     idle while they were queued (causing further delays).\n            await this.#forwarder.forwardWithFlowControl(entry);\n            unflushedBytes = 0;\n          }\n\n          if (type === 'commit' || type === 'rollback') {\n            watermark = null;\n          }\n\n          // Allow the storer to exert back pressure.\n          const readyForMore = this.#storer.readyForMore();\n          if (readyForMore) {\n            await readyForMore;\n          }\n        }\n      } catch (e) {\n        err = e;\n      } finally {\n        this.#stream?.changes.cancel();\n        this.#stream = undefined;\n      }\n\n      // When the change stream is interrupted, abort any pending transaction.\n      if (watermark) {\n        this.#lc.warn?.(`aborting interrupted transaction ${watermark}`);\n        this.#storer.abort();\n        this.#forwarder.forward([watermark, 'rollback', ROLLBACK_JSON]);\n      }\n\n      // Backoff and drain any pending entries in the storer before reconnecting.\n      await Promise.all([\n        this.#storer.stop(),\n        this.#state.backoff(this.#lc, err),\n        this.#state.retryDelay > REPLICATION_STATUS_ERROR_DELAY_THRESHOLD_MS\n          ? publishCriticalEvent(\n              this.#lc,\n              replicationStatusError(this.#lc, 'Replicating', err),\n            )\n          : promiseVoid,\n      ]);\n    }\n\n    this.#forwarder.stopProgressMonitor();\n    this.#lc.info?.('ChangeStreamer stopped');\n  }\n\n  async #handleControlMessage(msg: ChangeStreamControl[1]) {\n    this.#lc.info?.('received control message', msg);\n    const {tag} = msg;\n\n    switch (tag) {\n      case 'reset-required':\n        await markResetRequired(this.#changeDB, this.#shard);\n        await publishReplicationError(\n          this.#lc,\n          'Replicating',\n          msg.message ?? 'Resync required',\n          msg.errorDetails,\n        );\n        if (this.#autoReset) {\n          this.#lc.warn?.('shutting down for auto-reset');\n          await this.stop(new AutoResetSignal());\n        }\n        break;\n      default:\n        unreachable(tag);\n    }\n  }\n\n  subscribe(ctx: SubscriberContext): Promise<Source<string>> {\n    const {protocolVersion, id, mode, replicaVersion, watermark} = ctx;\n    if (mode === 'serving') {\n      this.#serving.resolve();\n    }\n    const downstream = Subscription.create<string>({\n      cleanup: () => this.#forwarder.remove(subscriber),\n    });\n    const subscriber = new Subscriber(\n      protocolVersion,\n      id,\n      watermark,\n      downstream,\n      () => this.#latestStatus,\n    );\n    if (replicaVersion !== this.#replicaVersion) {\n      this.#lc.warn?.(\n        `rejecting subscriber at replica version ${replicaVersion}`,\n      );\n      subscriber.close(\n        ErrorType.WrongReplicaVersion,\n        `current replica version is ${\n          this.#replicaVersion\n        } (requested ${replicaVersion})`,\n      );\n    } else {\n      this.#lc.debug?.(`adding subscriber ${subscriber.id}`);\n\n      this.#forwarder.add(subscriber);\n      this.#storer.catchup(subscriber, mode);\n    }\n    return Promise.resolve(downstream);\n  }\n\n  scheduleCleanup(watermark: string) {\n    const origSize = this.#initialWatermarks.size;\n    this.#initialWatermarks.add(watermark);\n\n    if (origSize === 0) {\n      this.#state.setTimeout(() => this.#purgeOldChanges(), CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);\n    }\n  }\n\n  async getChangeLogState(): Promise<{\n    replicaVersion: string;\n    minWatermark: string;\n  }> {\n    const minWatermark = await this.#storer.getMinWatermarkForCatchup();\n    if (!minWatermark) {\n      this.#lc.warn?.(\n        `Unexpected empty changeLog. Resync if \"Local replica watermark\" errors arise`,\n      );\n    }\n    return {\n      replicaVersion: this.#replicaVersion,\n      minWatermark: minWatermark ?? this.#replicaVersion,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Makes a best effort to purge the change log. In the event of a database\n   * error, exceptions will be logged and swallowed, so this method is safe\n   * to run in a timeout.\n   */\n  async #purgeOldChanges(): Promise<void> {\n    const initial = [...this.#initialWatermarks];\n    if (initial.length === 0) {\n      this.#lc.warn?.('No initial watermarks to check for cleanup'); // Not expected.\n      return;\n    }\n    const current = [...this.#forwarder.getAcks()];\n    if (current.length === 0) {\n      // Also not expected, but possible (e.g. subscriber connects, then disconnects).\n      // Bail to be safe.\n      this.#lc.warn?.('No subscribers to confirm cleanup');\n      return;\n    }\n    try {\n      const earliestInitial = min(...(initial as AtLeastOne<LexiVersion>));\n      const earliestCurrent = min(...(current as AtLeastOne<LexiVersion>));\n      if (earliestCurrent < earliestInitial) {\n        this.#lc.info?.(\n          `At least one client is behind backup (${earliestCurrent} < ${earliestInitial})`,\n        );\n      } else {\n        this.#lc.info?.(`Purging changes before ${earliestInitial} ...`);\n        const start = performance.now();\n        const deleted = await this.#storer.purgeRecordsBefore(earliestInitial);\n        const elapsed = (performance.now() - start).toFixed(2);\n        this.#lc.info?.(\n          `Purged ${deleted} changes before ${earliestInitial} (${elapsed} ms)`,\n        );\n        this.#initialWatermarks.delete(earliestInitial);\n      }\n    } catch (e) {\n      this.#lc.warn?.(`error purging change log`, e);\n    } finally {\n      if (this.#initialWatermarks.size) {\n        // If there are unpurged watermarks to check, schedule the next purge.\n        this.#state.setTimeout(() => this.#purgeOldChanges(), CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  async stop(err?: unknown) {\n    this.#state.stop(this.#lc, err);\n    this.#stream?.changes.cancel();\n    await this.#storer.stop();\n    await this.#source.stop();\n  }\n}\n\n// The delay between receiving an initial, backup-based watermark\n// and performing a check of whether to purge records before it.\n// This delay should be long enough to handle situations like the following:\n//\n// 1. `litestream restore` downloads a backup for the `replication-manager`\n// 2. `replication-manager` starts up and runs this `change-streamer`\n// 3. `zero-cache`s that are running on a different replica connect to this\n//    `change-streamer` after exponential backoff retries.\n//\n// It is possible for a `zero-cache`[3] to be behind the backup restored [1].\n// This cleanup delay (30 seconds) is thus set to be a value comfortably\n// longer than the max delay for exponential backoff (10 seconds) in\n// `services/running-state.ts`. This allows the `zero-cache` [3] to reconnect\n// so that the `change-streamer` can track its progress and know when it has\n// surpassed the initial watermark of the backup [1].\nconst CLEANUP_DELAY_MS = DEFAULT_MAX_RETRY_DELAY_MS * 3;\n\nconst ROLLBACK_JSON = JSON.stringify([\n  'rollback',\n  {tag: 'rollback'},\n] satisfies 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Replaying new changes in the Storer\n * 2. Filtering old changes in the Subscriber\n *\n * However, only the watermark for `Commit` messages are exposed to\n * subscribers, as that is the only semantically correct watermark to\n * use for tracking a position in a replication stream.\n *\n * Additionally, the ChangeStreamData is eagerly stringified once, after which\n * the string is passed to the changeLog and all subscribers, eliminating\n * redundant stringification and reducing GC churn.\n */\nexport type WatermarkedChange = [\n  watermark: string,\n  tag: ChangeTag,\n  json: string,\n];\n\n/**\n * Upstream-agnostic dispatch of messages in a {@link ChangeStreamMessage} to a\n * {@link Forwarder} and {@link Storer} to execute the forward-store-ack\n * procedure described in {@link ChangeStreamer}.\n *\n * ### Subscriber Catchup\n *\n * Connecting clients first need to be \"caught up\" to the current watermark\n * (from stored change log entries) before new entries are forwarded to\n * them. This is non-trivial because the replication stream may be in the\n * middle of a pending streamed Transaction for which some entries have\n * already been forwarded but are not yet committed to the store.\n *\n *\n * ```\n * ------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n * | Historic changes in storage |  Pending (streamed) tx  |   Next tx\n * ------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -\n *                                           Replication stream\n *                                           >  >  >  >  >  >  >  >  >\n *           ^  ---> required catchup --->   ^\n * Subscriber watermark               Subscription begins\n * ```\n *\n * Preemptively buffering the changes of every pending transaction\n * would be wasteful and consume too much memory for large transactions.\n *\n * Instead, the streamer synchronously dispatches changes and subscriptions\n * to the {@link Forwarder} and the {@link Storer} such that the two\n * components are aligned as to where in the stream the subscription started.\n * The two components then coordinate catchup and handoff via the\n * {@link Subscriber} object with the following algorithm:\n *\n * * If the streamer is in the middle of a pending Transaction, the\n *   Subscriber is \"queued\" on both the Forwarder and the Storer. In this\n *   state, new changes are *not* forwarded to the Subscriber, and catchup\n *   is not yet executed.\n * * Once the commit message for the pending Transaction is processed\n *   by the Storer, it begins catchup on the Subscriber (with a READONLY\n *   snapshot so that it does not block subsequent storage operations).\n *   This catchup is thus guaranteed to load the change log entries of\n *   that last Transaction.\n * * When the Forwarder processes that same commit message, it moves the\n *   Subscriber from the \"queued\" to the \"active\" set of clients such that\n *   the Subscriber begins receiving new changes, starting from the next\n *   Transaction.\n * * The Subscriber does not forward those changes, however, if its catchup\n *   is not complete. Until then, it buffers the changes in memory.\n * * Once catchup is complete, the buffered changes are immediately sent\n *   and the Subscriber henceforth forwards changes as they are received.\n *\n * In the (common) case where the streamer is not in the middle of a pending\n * transaction when a subscription begins, the Storer begins catchup\n * immediately and the Forwarder directly adds the Subscriber to its active\n * set. However, the Subscriber still buffers any forwarded messages until\n * its catchup is complete.\n *\n * ### Watermarks and ordering\n *\n * The ChangeStreamerService depends on its {@link ChangeSource} to send\n * changes in contiguous [`begin`, `data` ..., `data`, `commit`] sequences\n * in commit order. This follows Postgres's Logical Replication Protocol\n * Message Flow:\n *\n * https://www.postgresql.org/docs/16/protocol-logical-replication.html#PROTOCOL-LOGICAL-MESSAGES-FLOW\n *\n * > The logical replication protocol sends individual transactions one by one.\n * > This means that all messages between a pair of Begin and Commit messages belong to the same transaction.\n *\n * In order to correctly replay (new) and filter (old) messages to subscribers\n * at different points in the replication stream, these changes must be assigned\n * watermarks such that they preserve the order in which they were received\n * from the ChangeSource.\n *\n * A previous implementation incorrectly derived these watermarks from the Postgres\n * Log Sequence Numbers (LSN) of each message. However, LSNs from concurrent,\n * non-conflicting transactions can overlap, which can result in a `begin` message\n * with an earlier LSN arriving after a `commit` message. For example, the\n * changes for these transactions:\n *\n * ```\n * LSN:   1     2     3  4    5   6   7     8   9      10\n * tx1: begin  data     data     data     commit\n * tx2:             begin    data    data      data  commit\n * ```\n *\n * will arrive as:\n *\n * ```\n * begin1, data2, data4, data6, commit8, begin3, data5, data7, data9, commit10\n * ```\n *\n * Thus, LSN of non-commit messages are not suitable for tracking the sorting\n * order of the replication stream.\n *\n * Instead, the ChangeStreamer uses the following algorithm for deterministic\n * catchup and filtering of changes:\n *\n * * A `commit` message is assigned to a watermark corresponding to its LSN.\n *   These are guaranteed to be in commit order by definition.\n *\n * * `begin` and `data` messages are assigned to the watermark of the\n *   preceding `commit` (the previous transaction, or the replication\n *   slot's starting LSN) plus 1. This guarantees that they will be sorted\n *   after the previously commit transaction even if their LSNs came before it.\n *   This is referred to as the `preCommitWatermark`.\n *\n * * In the ChangeLog DB, messages have a secondary sort column `pos`, which is\n *   the position of the message within its transaction, with the `begin` message\n *   starting at `0`. This guarantees that `begin` and `data` messages will be\n *   fetched in the original ChangeSource order during catchup.\n *\n * `begin` and `data` messages share the same watermark, but this is sufficient for\n * Subscriber filtering because subscribers only know about the `commit` watermarks\n * exposed in the `Downstream` `Commit` message. The Subscriber object thus compares\n * the internal watermarks of the incoming messages against the commit watermark of\n * the caller, updating the watermark at every `Commit` message that is forwarded.\n *\n * ### Cleanup\n *\n * As mentioned in the {@link ChangeStreamer} documentation: \"the ChangeStreamer\n * uses a combination of [the \"initial\", i.e. backup-derived watermark and] ACK\n * responses from connected subscribers to determine the watermark up\n * to which it is safe to purge old change log entries.\"\n *\n * More concretely:\n *\n * * The `initial`, backup-derived watermark is the earliest to which cleanup\n *   should ever happen.\n *\n * * However, it is possible for the replica backup to be *ahead* of a connected\n *   subscriber; and if a network error causes that subscriber to retry from its\n *   last watermark, the change streamer must support it.\n *\n * Thus, before cleaning up to an `initial` backup-derived watermark, the change\n * streamer first confirms that all connected subscribers have also passed\n * that watermark.\n */\nclass ChangeStreamerImpl implements ChangeStreamerService {\n  readonly id: string;\n  readonly #lc: LogContext;\n  readonly #shard: ShardID;\n  readonly #changeDB: PostgresDB;\n  readonly #replicaVersion: string;\n  readonly #source: ChangeSource;\n  readonly #storer: Storer;\n  readonly #forwarder: Forwarder;\n  readonly #replicationStatusPublisher: ReplicationStatusPublisher;\n\n  readonly #autoReset: boolean;\n  readonly #state: RunningState;\n  readonly #initialWatermarks = new Set<string>();\n\n  // Starting the (Postgres) ChangeStream results in killing the previous\n  // Postgres subscriber, potentially creating a gap in which the old\n  // change-streamer has shut down and the new change-streamer has not yet\n  // been recognized as \"healthy\" (and thus does not get any requests).\n  //\n  // To minimize this gap, delay starting the ChangeStream until the first\n  // request from a `serving` replicator, indicating that higher level\n  // load-balancing / routing logic has begun routing requests to this task.\n  readonly #serving = resolver();\n\n  readonly #txCounter = getOrCreateCounter(\n    'replication',\n    'transactions',\n    'Count of replicated transactions',\n  );\n  readonly #changeCounter = getOrCreateCounter(\n    'replication',\n    'changes',\n    'Count of replicated changes (DML or DDL statements)',\n  );\n\n  #latestStatus: Status;\n  #purgeLock: PurgeLock | null;\n  #stream: ChangeStream | undefined;\n\n  constructor(\n    lc: LogContext,\n    shard: ShardID,\n    taskID: string,\n    discoveryAddress: string,\n    discoveryProtocol: string,\n    changeDB: PostgresDB,\n    replicaVersion: string,\n    source: ChangeSource,\n    replicationStatusPublisher: ReplicationStatusPublisher,\n    initialPurgeLock: PurgeLock | null,\n    autoReset: boolean,\n    opts: TuningOptions,\n    setTimeoutFn = setTimeout,\n  ) {\n    this.id = `change-streamer`;\n    this.#lc = lc.withContext('component', 'change-streamer');\n    this.#shard = shard;\n    this.#changeDB = changeDB;\n    this.#replicaVersion = replicaVersion;\n    this.#source = source;\n    this.#storer = new Storer(\n      lc,\n      shard,\n      taskID,\n      discoveryAddress,\n      discoveryProtocol,\n      changeDB,\n      replicaVersion,\n      consumed => this.#stream?.acks.push(['status', consumed[1], consumed[2]]),\n      err => this.stop(err),\n      opts,\n    );\n    this.#forwarder = new Forwarder(lc, {\n      flowControlConsensusPaddingSeconds:\n        opts.flowControlConsensusPaddingSeconds,\n    });\n    this.#replicationStatusPublisher = replicationStatusPublisher;\n    this.#purgeLock = initialPurgeLock;\n    this.#autoReset = autoReset;\n    this.#state = new RunningState(this.id, undefined, setTimeoutFn);\n    this.#latestStatus = {tag: 'status'};\n  }\n\n  async run() {\n    this.#lc.info?.('starting change stream');\n\n    this.#forwarder.startProgressMonitor();\n\n    const lagReport = await this.#source.startLagReporter();\n    if (lagReport) {\n      this.#latestStatus.lagReport = lagReport;\n    }\n\n    // Once this change-streamer acquires \"ownership\" of the change DB,\n    // it is safe to start the storer.\n    await this.#storer.assumeOwnership(this.#purgeLock);\n    this.#purgeLock = null;\n\n    // The threshold in (estimated number of) bytes to send() on subscriber\n    // websockets before `await`-ing the I/O buffers to be ready for more.\n    const flushBytesThreshold = getDefaultHighWaterMark(false);\n\n    while (this.#state.shouldRun()) {\n      let err: unknown;\n      let watermark: string | null = null;\n      let unflushedBytes = 0;\n      try {\n        const {lastWatermark, backfillRequests} =\n          await this.#storer.getStartStreamInitializationParameters();\n        const stream = await this.#source.startStream(\n          lastWatermark,\n          backfillRequests,\n        );\n        this.#storer.run().catch(e => stream.changes.cancel(e));\n\n        this.#stream = stream;\n        if (\n          this.#state.resetBackoff() >\n          REPLICATION_STATUS_ERROR_DELAY_THRESHOLD_MS\n        ) {\n          // After recovering from a backoff for which a replication status\n          // error was published, publish an OK status\n          this.#replicationStatusPublisher.publish(\n            this.#lc,\n            'Replicating',\n            `Replicating from ${lastWatermark}`,\n          );\n        }\n        watermark = null;\n\n        for await (const change of stream.changes) {\n          const [type, msg] = change;\n          switch (type) {\n            case 'status':\n              if (msg.ack) {\n                this.#storer.status(change); // storer acks once it gets through its queue\n              }\n              if (msg.lagReport) {\n                // Lag reports are not stored in the cdc change log, but rather\n                // only forwarded on \"live\" connections. When a new subscriber\n                // is catching up, it is initialized with the #latestStatus\n                // from which it can measure lag while catching up.\n                this.#latestStatus.lagReport = msg.lagReport;\n                this.#forwarder.sendStatus(this.#latestStatus);\n              }\n              continue;\n            case 'control':\n              await this.#handleControlMessage(msg);\n              continue; // control messages are not stored/forwarded\n            case 'begin':\n              watermark = change[2].commitWatermark;\n              break;\n            case 'commit':\n              if (watermark !== change[2].watermark) {\n                throw new UnrecoverableError(\n                  `commit watermark ${change[2].watermark} does not match 'begin' watermark ${watermark}`,\n                );\n              }\n              this.#txCounter.add(1);\n              break;\n            default:\n              if (type === 'data') {\n                this.#changeCounter.add(1);\n              }\n              if (watermark === null) {\n                throw new UnrecoverableError(\n                  `${type} change (${msg.tag}) received before 'begin' message`,\n                );\n              }\n              break;\n          }\n\n          const json = this.#storer.store(watermark, change);\n          const entry: WatermarkedChange = [watermark, change[1].tag, json];\n          unflushedBytes += json.length;\n          if (unflushedBytes < flushBytesThreshold) {\n            // pipeline changes until flushBytesThreshold\n            this.#forwarder.forward(entry);\n          } else {\n            // Wait for messages to clear socket buffers to ensure that they\n            // make their way to subscribers. Without this `await`, the\n            // messages end up being buffered in this process, which:\n            // (1) results in memory pressure and increased GC activity\n            // (2) prevents subscribers from processing the messages as they\n            //     arrive, instead getting them in a large batch after being\n            //     idle while they were queued (causing further delays).\n            const forwarded = this.#forwarder.forwardWithFlowControl(entry);\n            await stream.changes.doneOr(forwarded);\n            unflushedBytes = 0;\n          }\n\n          if (type === 'commit' || type === 'rollback') {\n            watermark = null;\n          }\n\n          // Allow the storer to exert back pressure.\n          const readyForMore = this.#storer.readyForMore();\n          if (readyForMore) {\n            await stream.changes.doneOr(readyForMore);\n          }\n        }\n      } catch (e) {\n        err = e;\n      } finally {\n        this.#stream?.changes.cancel();\n        this.#stream = undefined;\n      }\n\n      // When the change stream is interrupted, abort any pending transaction.\n      if (watermark) {\n        this.#lc.warn?.(`aborting interrupted transaction ${watermark}`);\n        this.#storer.abort();\n        this.#forwarder.forward([watermark, 'rollback', ROLLBACK_JSON]);\n      }\n\n      // Backoff and drain any pending entries in the storer before reconnecting.\n      await Promise.all([\n        this.#storer.stop(),\n        this.#state.backoff(this.#lc, err),\n        this.#state.retryDelay > REPLICATION_STATUS_ERROR_DELAY_THRESHOLD_MS\n          ? publishCriticalEvent(\n              this.#lc,\n              replicationStatusError(this.#lc, 'Replicating', err),\n            )\n          : promiseVoid,\n      ]);\n    }\n\n    this.#forwarder.stopProgressMonitor();\n    this.#lc.info?.('ChangeStreamer stopped');\n  }\n\n  async #handleControlMessage(msg: ChangeStreamControl[1]) {\n    this.#lc.info?.('received control message', msg);\n    const {tag} = msg;\n\n    switch (tag) {\n      case 'reset-required':\n        await markResetRequired(this.#changeDB, this.#shard);\n        await publishReplicationError(\n          this.#lc,\n          'Replicating',\n          msg.message ?? 'Resync required',\n          msg.errorDetails,\n        );\n        if (this.#autoReset) {\n          this.#lc.warn?.('shutting down for auto-reset');\n          await this.stop(new AutoResetSignal());\n        }\n        break;\n      default:\n        unreachable(tag);\n    }\n  }\n\n  subscribe(ctx: SubscriberContext): Promise<Source<string>> {\n    const {protocolVersion, id, mode, replicaVersion, watermark} = ctx;\n    if (mode === 'serving') {\n      this.#serving.resolve();\n    }\n    const downstream = Subscription.create<string>({\n      cleanup: () => this.#forwarder.remove(subscriber),\n    });\n    const subscriber = new Subscriber(\n      protocolVersion,\n      id,\n      watermark,\n      downstream,\n      () => this.#latestStatus,\n    );\n    if (replicaVersion !== this.#replicaVersion) {\n      this.#lc.warn?.(\n        `rejecting subscriber at replica version ${replicaVersion}`,\n      );\n      subscriber.close(\n        ErrorType.WrongReplicaVersion,\n        `current replica version is ${\n          this.#replicaVersion\n        } (requested ${replicaVersion})`,\n      );\n    } else {\n      this.#lc.debug?.(`adding subscriber ${subscriber.id}`);\n\n      this.#forwarder.add(subscriber);\n      this.#storer.catchup(subscriber, mode);\n    }\n    return Promise.resolve(downstream);\n  }\n\n  scheduleCleanup(watermark: string) {\n    const origSize = this.#initialWatermarks.size;\n    this.#initialWatermarks.add(watermark);\n\n    if (origSize === 0) {\n      this.#state.setTimeout(() => this.#purgeOldChanges(), CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);\n    }\n  }\n\n  async getChangeLogState(): Promise<{\n    replicaVersion: string;\n    minWatermark: string;\n  }> {\n    const minWatermark = await this.#storer.getMinWatermarkForCatchup();\n    if (!minWatermark) {\n      this.#lc.warn?.(\n        `Unexpected empty changeLog. Resync if \"Local replica watermark\" errors arise`,\n      );\n    }\n    return {\n      replicaVersion: this.#replicaVersion,\n      minWatermark: minWatermark ?? this.#replicaVersion,\n    };\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Makes a best effort to purge the change log. In the event of a database\n   * error, exceptions will be logged and swallowed, so this method is safe\n   * to run in a timeout.\n   */\n  async #purgeOldChanges(): Promise<void> {\n    const initial = [...this.#initialWatermarks];\n    if (initial.length === 0) {\n      this.#lc.warn?.('No initial watermarks to check for cleanup'); // Not expected.\n      return;\n    }\n    const current = [...this.#forwarder.getAcks()];\n    if (current.length === 0) {\n      // Also not expected, but possible (e.g. subscriber connects, then disconnects).\n      // Bail to be safe.\n      this.#lc.warn?.('No subscribers to confirm cleanup');\n      return;\n    }\n    try {\n      const earliestInitial = min(...(initial as AtLeastOne<LexiVersion>));\n      const earliestCurrent = min(...(current as AtLeastOne<LexiVersion>));\n      if (earliestCurrent < earliestInitial) {\n        this.#lc.info?.(\n          `At least one client is behind backup (${earliestCurrent} < ${earliestInitial})`,\n        );\n      } else {\n        this.#lc.info?.(`Purging changes before ${earliestInitial} ...`);\n        const start = performance.now();\n        const deleted = await this.#storer.purgeRecordsBefore(earliestInitial);\n        const elapsed = (performance.now() - start).toFixed(2);\n        this.#lc.info?.(\n          `Purged ${deleted} changes before ${earliestInitial} (${elapsed} ms)`,\n        );\n        this.#initialWatermarks.delete(earliestInitial);\n      }\n    } catch (e) {\n      this.#lc.warn?.(`error purging change log`, e);\n    } finally {\n      if (this.#initialWatermarks.size) {\n        // If there are unpurged watermarks to check, schedule the next purge.\n        this.#state.setTimeout(() => this.#purgeOldChanges(), CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  async stop(err?: unknown) {\n    this.#state.stop(this.#lc, err);\n    this.#stream?.changes.cancel();\n    await Promise.allSettled([this.#storer.stop(), this.#source.stop()]);\n  }\n}\n\n// The delay between receiving an initial, backup-based watermark\n// and performing a check of whether to purge records before it.\n// This delay should be long enough to handle situations like the following:\n//\n// 1. `litestream restore` downloads a backup for the `replication-manager`\n// 2. `replication-manager` starts up and runs this `change-streamer`\n// 3. `zero-cache`s that are running on a different replica connect to this\n//    `change-streamer` after exponential backoff retries.\n//\n// It is possible for a `zero-cache`[3] to be behind the backup restored [1].\n// This cleanup delay (30 seconds) is thus set to be a value comfortably\n// longer than the max delay for exponential backoff (10 seconds) in\n// `services/running-state.ts`. 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package/out/zero-cache/src/services/change-streamer/storer.d.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ export type TuningOptions = {
     backPressureLimitHeapProportion: number;
     statementTimeoutMs: number;
     changeLogBatchSize: number;
+    drainTimeoutMs?: number | undefined;
 };
 /**
  * Handles the storage of changes and the catchup of subscribers
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ export type TuningOptions = {
 export declare class Storer implements Service {
     #private;
     readonly id = "storer";
-    constructor(lc: LogContext, shard: ShardID, taskID: string, discoveryAddress: string, discoveryProtocol: string, db: PostgresDB, replicaVersion: string, onConsumed: (c: Commit | UpstreamStatusMessage) => void, onFatal: (err: Error) => void, { backPressureLimitHeapProportion, statementTimeoutMs, changeLogBatchSize, }: TuningOptions);
+    constructor(lc: LogContext, shard: ShardID, taskID: string, discoveryAddress: string, discoveryProtocol: string, db: PostgresDB, replicaVersion: string, onConsumed: (c: Commit | UpstreamStatusMessage) => void, onFatal: (err: Error) => void, { backPressureLimitHeapProportion, statementTimeoutMs, changeLogBatchSize, drainTimeoutMs, }: TuningOptions);
     assumeOwnership(purgeLock?: PurgeLock | null): Promise<void>;
     getStartStreamInitializationParameters(): Promise<{
         lastWatermark: string;
@@ -72,6 +73,11 @@ export declare class Storer implements Service {
      * This is only used in tests.
      */
     allProcessed(): Promise<void>;
+    /**
+     * Stops the storer and waits up to a drain timeout for entries to drain,
+     * throwing an exception if it doesn't drain in time, in order to abort
+     * the server when PG (or the connection to it) appears to be wedged.
+     */
     stop(): Promise<void>;
 }
 /**

package/out/zero-cache/src/services/change-streamer/storer.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"storer.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../zero-cache/src/services/change-streamer/storer.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AACA,OAAO,KAAK,EAAC,UAAU,EAAC,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAWjD,OAAO,EAAC,eAAe,EAAC,MAAM,8BAA8B,CAAC;AAC7D,OAAO,EAAC,KAAK,UAAU,EAA2B,MAAM,mBAAmB,CAAC;AAC5E,OAAO,EAAY,KAAK,OAAO,EAAC,MAAM,uBAAuB,CAAC;AAE9D,OAAO,EAKL,KAAK,eAAe,EACpB,KAAK,MAAM,EAKZ,MAAM,sCAAsC,CAAC;AAC9C,OAAO,EACL,KAAK,gBAAgB,EACrB,KAAK,MAAM,EACZ,MAAM,iDAAiD,CAAC;AACzD,OAAO,KAAK,EACV,uBAAuB,EACvB,qBAAqB,EACtB,MAAM,6CAA6C,CAAC;AACrD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAC,cAAc,EAAC,MAAM,6BAA6B,CAAC;AAChE,OAAO,KAAK,EAAC,OAAO,EAAC,MAAM,eAAe,CAAC;AAS3C,OAAO,KAAK,EAAC,UAAU,EAAC,MAAM,iBAAiB,CAAC;AAuChD,MAAM,MAAM,aAAa,GAAG;IAC1B,+BAA+B,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACxC,kBAAkB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAC3B,kBAAkB,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAC3B,cAAc,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,SAAS,CAAC;CACrC,CAAC;AAaF;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;GA6BG;AACH,qBAAa,MAAO,YAAW,OAAO;;IACpC,QAAQ,CAAC,EAAE,YAAY;gBAoBrB,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,KAAK,EAAE,OAAO,EACd,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,EACd,gBAAgB,EAAE,MAAM,EACxB,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,EACzB,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,EACtB,UAAU,EAAE,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,qBAAqB,KAAK,IAAI,EACvD,OAAO,EAAE,CAAC,GAAG,EAAE,KAAK,KAAK,IAAI,EAC7B,EACE,+BAA+B,EAC/B,kBAAkB,EAClB,kBAAkB,EAClB,cAAuB,GACxB,EAAE,aAAa;IAiCZ,eAAe,CAAC,SAAS,CAAC,EAAE,SAAS,GAAG,IAAI;IA2B5C,sCAAsC,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC;QACtD,aAAa,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;QACtB,gBAAgB,EAAE,eAAe,EAAE,CAAC;KACrC,CAAC;IAkCI,yBAAyB,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,GAAG,IAAI,CAAC;IAOzD,kBAAkB,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC;IAyCtD;;OAEG;IACH,KAAK,CAAC,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,gBAAgB;IAkB/C,KAAK;IAIL,MAAM,CAAC,CAAC,EAAE,uBAAuB;IAIjC,OAAO,CAAC,UAAU,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,IAAI,EAAE,cAAc;IAOpD,YAAY,IAAI,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,GAAG,SAAS;IA6FzC;;;OAGG;IACG,GAAG;IA2eT;;;OAGG;IACG,YAAY;IAQlB;;;;OAIG;IACG,IAAI;CAaX;AAED;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,wBAAgB,sBAAsB,CACpC,iBAAiB,EAAE,MAAM,EACzB,GAAG,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC,KAAK,CAAC,GAAG,SAAS,UAmB/B;AA+BD,qBAAa,SAAS;;IAGpB,QAAQ,CAAC,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IAChC,QAAQ,CAAC,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;gBAG5B,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,EAAE,EAAE,eAAe,EACnB,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,EACtB,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM;IAUb,OAAO;CAWd;AAED,qBAAa,WAAW;;gBAKV,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EAAE,KAAK,EAAE,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU;IAWpD,OAAO;CA4Bd"}

package/out/zero-cache/src/services/change-streamer/storer.js

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { runTx } from "../../db/run-transaction.js";
 import { AutoResetSignal, markResetRequired } from "./schema/tables.js";
 import { Queue } from "../../../../shared/src/queue.js";
 import { TransactionPool } from "../../db/transaction-pool.js";
+import { orTimeout } from "../../types/timeout.js";
 import { resolver } from "@rocicorp/resolver";
 import "postgres";
 import { getHeapStatistics } from "node:v8";
@@ -64,9 +65,10 @@ var Storer = class {
 	#backPressureThresholdBytes;
 	#statementTimeoutMs;
 	#changeLogBatchSize;
+	#drainTimeoutMs;
 	#approximateQueuedBytes = 0;
 	#running = false;
-	constructor(lc, shard, taskID, discoveryAddress, discoveryProtocol, db, replicaVersion, onConsumed, onFatal, { backPressureLimitHeapProportion, statementTimeoutMs, changeLogBatchSize }) {
+	constructor(lc, shard, taskID, discoveryAddress, discoveryProtocol, db, replicaVersion, onConsumed, onFatal, { backPressureLimitHeapProportion, statementTimeoutMs, changeLogBatchSize, drainTimeoutMs = 3e4 }) {
 		this.#lc = lc.withContext("component", "change-log");
 		this.#shard = shard;
 		this.#taskID = taskID;
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ var Storer = class {
 		this.#onFatal = onFatal;
 		this.#statementTimeoutMs = statementTimeoutMs;
 		this.#changeLogBatchSize = Math.max(1, changeLogBatchSize);
+		this.#drainTimeoutMs = drainTimeoutMs;
 		const heapStats = getHeapStatistics();
 		this.#backPressureThresholdBytes = (heapStats.heap_size_limit - heapStats.used_heap_size) * backPressureLimitHeapProportion;
 		this.#lc.info?.(`Using up to ${(this.#backPressureThresholdBytes / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB of --max-old-space-size (~${(heapStats.heap_size_limit / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB) to absorb upstream spikes`, { heapStats });
@@ -183,20 +186,30 @@ var Storer = class {
 		}]);
 	}
 	#readyForMore = null;
+	#backpressureTimeout;
 	readyForMore() {
 		if (!this.#running) return;
 		if (this.#readyForMore === null && this.#approximateQueuedBytes > this.#backPressureThresholdBytes) {
 			this.#lc.warn?.(`applying back pressure with ${this.#queue.size()} queued changes (~${(this.#approximateQueuedBytes / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB)\n\nTo inspect changeLog backlog in your change DB:\n  SELECT\n    (change->'relation'->>'schema') || '.' || (change->'relation'->>'name') AS table_name,\n    change->>'tag' AS operation,\n    COUNT(*) AS count\n  FROM "<app_id>/cdc"."changeLog"\n  GROUP BY 1, 2\n  ORDER BY 3 DESC\n  LIMIT 20;`);
 			this.#readyForMore = resolver();
+			this.#resetBackpressureTimeout(true);
 		}
 		return this.#readyForMore?.promise;
 	}
+	#resetBackpressureTimeout(reschedule) {
+		clearTimeout(this.#backpressureTimeout);
+		this.#backpressureTimeout = reschedule ? setTimeout(() => {
+			this.#readyForMore?.reject(new AbortError(`No statement processed within the last ${this.#statementTimeoutMs}ms. Considering the change-log to be wedged.`));
+			this.#readyForMore = null;
+		}, this.#statementTimeoutMs) : void 0;
+	}
 	#maybeReleaseBackPressure() {
-		if (this.#readyForMore !== null && this.#approximateQueuedBytes < this.#backPressureThresholdBytes * .8) {
+		if (this.#readyForMore !== null) if (this.#approximateQueuedBytes < this.#backPressureThresholdBytes * .8) {
 			this.#lc.info?.(`releasing back pressure with ${this.#queue.size()} queued changes (~${(this.#approximateQueuedBytes / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB)`);
 			this.#readyForMore.resolve();
 			this.#readyForMore = null;
-		}
+			this.#resetBackpressureTimeout(false);
+		} else this.#resetBackpressureTimeout(true);
 	}
 	/**
 	* Flushes any buffered {@link PendingTransaction.batch} rows to the changeLog.
@@ -246,6 +259,7 @@ var Storer = class {
 				this.#readyForMore.resolve();
 				this.#readyForMore = null;
 			}
+			this.#resetBackpressureTimeout(false);
 			this.#cancelQueueEntries(this.#queue.drain().filter((entry) => entry !== void 0), err);
 			this.#running = false;
 			signalStopped();
@@ -533,12 +547,17 @@ var Storer = class {
 			await promise;
 		}
 	}
-	stop() {
+	/**
+	* Stops the storer and waits up to a drain timeout for entries to drain,
+	* throwing an exception if it doesn't drain in time, in order to abort
+	* the server when PG (or the connection to it) appears to be wedged.
+	*/
+	async stop() {
 		if (this.#running) {
 			this.#lc.info?.(`draining ${this.#queue.size()} changeLog entries`);
 			this.#queue.enqueue("stop");
 		}
-		return this.#stopped;
+		if (await orTimeout(this.#stopped, this.#drainTimeoutMs) === "timed-out") throw new AbortError(`changeLog did not drain within ${this.#drainTimeoutMs}ms`);
 	}
 };
 /**

package/out/zero-cache/src/services/change-streamer/storer.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"storer.js","names":["#lc","#shard","#taskID","#discoveryAddress","#discoveryProtocol","#db","#replicaVersion","#onConsumed","#onFatal","#queue","#backPressureThresholdBytes","#statementTimeoutMs","#changeLogBatchSize","#cdc","#approximateQueuedBytes","#running","#readyForMore","#stopped","#processQueue","#cancelQueueEntries","#startCatchup","#flushChangeLog","#trackBackfillMetadata","#maybeReleaseBackPressure","#catchup","#upsertTableMetadataStmt","#upsertColumnBackfillStmt","#tx","#released"],"sources":["../../../../../../zero-cache/src/services/change-streamer/storer.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import {getHeapStatistics} from 'node:v8';\nimport type {LogContext} from '@rocicorp/logger';\nimport {resolver, type Resolver} from '@rocicorp/resolver';\nimport {type PendingQuery, type Row} from 'postgres';\nimport {AbortError} from '../../../../shared/src/abort-error.ts';\nimport {assert} from '../../../../shared/src/asserts.ts';\nimport {BigIntJSON} from '../../../../shared/src/bigint-json.ts';\nimport {Queue} from '../../../../shared/src/queue.ts';\nimport {promiseVoid} from '../../../../shared/src/resolved-promises.ts';\nimport * as v from '../../../../shared/src/valita.ts';\nimport * as Mode from '../../db/mode-enum.ts';\nimport {runTx} from '../../db/run-transaction.ts';\nimport {TransactionPool} from '../../db/transaction-pool.ts';\nimport {type PostgresDB, type PostgresTransaction} from '../../types/pg.ts';\nimport {cdcSchema, type ShardID} from '../../types/shards.ts';\nimport {\n  backfillRequestSchema,\n  isDataChange,\n  isSchemaChange,\n  type BackfillID,\n  type BackfillRequest,\n  type Change,\n  type DataChange,\n  type Identifier,\n  type SchemaChange,\n  type TableMetadata,\n} from '../change-source/protocol/current.ts';\nimport {\n  type ChangeStreamData,\n  type Commit,\n} from '../change-source/protocol/current/downstream.ts';\nimport type {\n  DownstreamStatusMessage,\n  UpstreamStatusMessage,\n} from '../change-source/protocol/current/status.ts';\nimport type {ReplicatorMode} from '../replicator/replicator.ts';\nimport type {Service} from '../service.ts';\nimport type {ChangeTag, WatermarkedChange} from './change-streamer-service.ts';\nimport * as ErrorType from './error-type-enum.ts';\nimport {\n  AutoResetSignal,\n  markResetRequired,\n  type BackfillingColumn,\n  type TableMetadataRow,\n} from './schema/tables.ts';\nimport type {Subscriber} from './subscriber.ts';\n\ntype SubscriberAndMode = {\n  subscriber: Subscriber;\n  mode: ReplicatorMode;\n};\n\ntype QueueEntry =\n  | [\n      'change',\n      watermark: string,\n      json: string,\n      orig: Exclude<Change, DataChange> | null, // null for DataChanges\n    ]\n  | ['ready', callback: () => void]\n  | ['subscriber', SubscriberAndMode]\n  | DownstreamStatusMessage\n  | ['abort']\n  | 'stop';\n\ntype PendingTransaction = {\n  pool: TransactionPool;\n  preCommitWatermark: string;\n  pos: number;\n  startingReplicationState: Promise<ReplicationOwner>;\n  ack: boolean;\n  // changeLog rows buffered for the next multi-row INSERT flush.\n  batch: ChangeLogRow[];\n  // The most recently issued flush (or metadata) process, awaited to bound\n  // pipeline depth and to order the commit-time replicationState update.\n  lastFlush: Promise<unknown> | undefined;\n};\n\ntype ReplicationOwner = {\n  owner: string | null;\n};\n\nconst backfillRequestsSchema = v.array(backfillRequestSchema);\n\nexport type TuningOptions = {\n  backPressureLimitHeapProportion: number;\n  statementTimeoutMs: number;\n  changeLogBatchSize: number;\n};\n\n/**\n * A single `changeLog` row, accumulated in {@link PendingTransaction.batch}\n * and written via `json_to_recordset()` (see `#flushChangeLog()`).\n */\ntype ChangeLogRow = {\n  watermark: string;\n  precommit: string | null;\n  pos: number;\n  change: string;\n};\n\n/**\n * Handles the storage of changes and the catchup of subscribers\n * that are behind.\n *\n * In the context of catchup and cleanup, it is the responsibility of the\n * Storer to decide whether a client can be caught up, or whether the\n * changes needed to catch a client up have been purged.\n *\n * **Maintained invariant**: The Change DB is only empty for a\n * completely new replica (i.e. initial-sync with no changes from the\n * replication stream).\n * * In this case, all new subscribers are expected start from the\n *   `replicaVersion`, which is the version at which initial sync\n *   was performed, and any attempts to catchup from a different\n *   point fail.\n *\n * Conversely, if non-initial changes have flowed through the system\n * (i.e. via the replication stream), the ChangeDB must *not* be empty,\n * and the earliest change in the `changeLog` represents the earliest\n * \"commit\" from (after) which a subscriber can be caught up.\n * * Any attempts to catchup from an earlier point must fail with\n *   a `WatermarkTooOld` error.\n * * Failure to do so could result in streaming changes to the\n *   subscriber such that there is a gap in its replication history.\n *\n * Note: Subscribers (i.e. `incremental-syncer`) consider an \"error\" signal\n * an unrecoverable error and shut down in response. This allows the\n * production system to replace it with a new task and fresh copy of the\n * replica backup.\n */\nexport class Storer implements Service {\n  readonly id = 'storer';\n  readonly #lc: LogContext;\n  readonly #shard: ShardID;\n  readonly #taskID: string;\n  readonly #discoveryAddress: string;\n  readonly #discoveryProtocol: string;\n  readonly #db: PostgresDB;\n  readonly #replicaVersion: string;\n  readonly #onConsumed: (c: Commit | UpstreamStatusMessage) => void;\n  readonly #onFatal: (err: Error) => void;\n  readonly #queue = new Queue<QueueEntry>();\n  readonly #backPressureThresholdBytes: number;\n  readonly #statementTimeoutMs: number;\n  readonly #changeLogBatchSize: number;\n\n  #approximateQueuedBytes = 0;\n  #running = false;\n\n  constructor(\n    lc: LogContext,\n    shard: ShardID,\n    taskID: string,\n    discoveryAddress: string,\n    discoveryProtocol: string,\n    db: PostgresDB,\n    replicaVersion: string,\n    onConsumed: (c: Commit | UpstreamStatusMessage) => void,\n    onFatal: (err: Error) => void,\n    {\n      backPressureLimitHeapProportion,\n      statementTimeoutMs,\n      changeLogBatchSize,\n    }: TuningOptions,\n  ) {\n    this.#lc = lc.withContext('component', 'change-log');\n    this.#shard = shard;\n    this.#taskID = taskID;\n    this.#discoveryAddress = discoveryAddress;\n    this.#discoveryProtocol = discoveryProtocol;\n    this.#db = db;\n    this.#replicaVersion = replicaVersion;\n    this.#onConsumed = onConsumed;\n    this.#onFatal = onFatal;\n    this.#statementTimeoutMs = statementTimeoutMs;\n    this.#changeLogBatchSize = Math.max(1, changeLogBatchSize);\n\n    const heapStats = getHeapStatistics();\n    this.#backPressureThresholdBytes =\n      (heapStats.heap_size_limit - heapStats.used_heap_size) *\n      backPressureLimitHeapProportion;\n\n    this.#lc.info?.(\n      `Using up to ${(this.#backPressureThresholdBytes / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB of ` +\n        `--max-old-space-size (~${(heapStats.heap_size_limit / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB) ` +\n        `to absorb upstream spikes`,\n      {heapStats},\n    );\n  }\n\n  // For readability in SQL statements.\n  #cdc(table: string) {\n    return this.#db(`${cdcSchema(this.#shard)}.${table}`);\n  }\n\n  async assumeOwnership(purgeLock?: PurgeLock | null) {\n    const db = this.#db;\n    const owner = this.#taskID;\n    const ownerAddress = this.#discoveryAddress;\n    const ownerProtocol = this.#discoveryProtocol;\n    // we omit `ws://` so that old view syncer versions that are not expecting the protocol continue to not get it\n    const addressWithProtocol =\n      ownerProtocol === 'ws'\n        ? ownerAddress\n        : `${ownerProtocol}://${ownerAddress}`;\n    this.#lc.info?.(`assuming ownership at ${addressWithProtocol}`);\n    const start = performance.now();\n    await db`UPDATE ${this.#cdc('replicationState')} SET ${db({owner, ownerAddress: addressWithProtocol})}`;\n    const elapsed = (performance.now() - start).toFixed(2);\n    this.#lc.info?.(\n      `assumed ownership at ${addressWithProtocol} (${elapsed} ms)`,\n    );\n\n    if (purgeLock) {\n      // Once ownership has been assumed, any initial purge-lock preventing the\n      // purging of change-log records can be released, as a change-streamer\n      // that was attempting to purge records will correspondingly abort on the\n      // ownership check.\n      void purgeLock.release();\n    }\n  }\n\n  async getStartStreamInitializationParameters(): Promise<{\n    lastWatermark: string;\n    backfillRequests: BackfillRequest[];\n  }> {\n    const [[{lastWatermark}], result] = await runTx(\n      this.#db,\n      sql => [\n        sql<{lastWatermark: string}[]>`\n        SELECT \"lastWatermark\" FROM ${this.#cdc('replicationState')}`,\n\n        // Formats a BackfillRequest using json_object_agg() to construct the\n        // `columns` object. It is LEFT JOIN'ed with the `tableMetadata` table\n        // to make it optional and possibly `null`.\n        sql`\n        SELECT \n            json_build_object(\n              'schema', b.\"schema\",\n              'name', b.\"table\",\n              'metadata', t.\"metadata\"\n            ) as \"table\",\n            json_object_agg(b.\"column\", b.\"backfill\") \n              as \"columns\"\n          FROM ${this.#cdc('backfilling')} as b\n          LEFT JOIN ${this.#cdc('tableMetadata')} as t\n          ON (b.\"schema\" = t.\"schema\" AND b.\"table\" = t.\"table\")\n          GROUP BY b.\"schema\", b.\"table\", t.\"metadata\"\n        `,\n      ],\n      {mode: Mode.READONLY},\n    );\n\n    return {\n      lastWatermark,\n      backfillRequests: v.parse(result, backfillRequestsSchema),\n    };\n  }\n\n  async getMinWatermarkForCatchup(): Promise<string | null> {\n    const [{minWatermark}] = await this.#db<{minWatermark: string | null}[]>\n    /*sql*/ `\n      SELECT min(watermark) as \"minWatermark\" FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')}`;\n    return minWatermark;\n  }\n\n  purgeRecordsBefore(watermark: string): Promise<number> {\n    return runTx(this.#db, async sql => {\n      // This NOWAIT pre-check is an optimization to abort the transaction\n      // (and release associated resources) early.\n      await sql<{watermark: string}[]>`\n          SELECT watermark FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')}\n            ORDER BY watermark, pos LIMIT 1\n            FOR UPDATE NOWAIT\n        `;\n      // If the row is purge-locked by an incoming replication-manager, it\n      // will assume ownership of the change-log before releasing the lock.\n      // This DELETE blocks until the lock is released, allowing the change\n      // in ownership to be reliably detected (and the transaction aborted)\n      // in the subsequent check.\n      const [{deleted}] = await sql<{deleted: bigint}[]>`\n        -- The backup watermark can be ahead of the durable changeLog if the\n        -- storer is behind but the backup replica has consumed forwarded\n        -- changes. Preserve the latest durable changeLog transaction as the\n        -- catchup boundary instead of assuming the backup watermark exists.\n        -- The storer inserts each changeLog transaction atomically, so any\n        -- durable row for a watermark implies the full transaction is durable.\n        WITH keep AS (\n          SELECT max(watermark) AS watermark\n          FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')}\n        ), purged AS (\n          DELETE FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')} WHERE watermark < ${watermark} \n            AND watermark < (SELECT watermark FROM keep)\n            RETURNING watermark, pos\n        ) SELECT COUNT(*) as deleted FROM purged;`;\n\n      const [{owner}] = await sql<ReplicationOwner[]>`\n        SELECT \"owner\" FROM ${this.#cdc('replicationState')} FOR SHARE`;\n      if (owner !== this.#taskID) {\n        throw new AbortError(\n          `aborting changeLog purge to ${watermark} because ownership has been taken by ${owner}`,\n        );\n      }\n      return Number(deleted);\n    });\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * @returns The JSON stringified stream message to be sent downstream.\n   */\n  store(watermark: string, data: ChangeStreamData) {\n    // Eagerly stringify the JSON payload to:\n    // - avoid redundant stringification when fanning out to subscribers\n    // - efficiently estimate the amount of memory the payload consumes\n    const json = BigIntJSON.stringify(data);\n    this.#approximateQueuedBytes += json.length;\n\n    const change = data[1];\n    this.#queue.enqueue([\n      'change',\n      watermark,\n      json,\n      isDataChange(change) ? null : change, // drop DataChanges to save memory\n    ]);\n\n    return json;\n  }\n\n  abort() {\n    this.#queue.enqueue(['abort']);\n  }\n\n  status(s: DownstreamStatusMessage) {\n    this.#queue.enqueue(s);\n  }\n\n  catchup(subscriber: Subscriber, mode: ReplicatorMode) {\n    this.#queue.enqueue(['subscriber', {subscriber, mode}]);\n  }\n\n  #readyForMore: Resolver<void> | null = null;\n\n  readyForMore(): Promise<void> | undefined {\n    if (!this.#running) {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    if (\n      this.#readyForMore === null &&\n      this.#approximateQueuedBytes > this.#backPressureThresholdBytes\n    ) {\n      this.#lc.warn?.(\n        `applying back pressure with ${this.#queue.size()} queued changes (~${(this.#approximateQueuedBytes / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB)\\n` +\n          `\\n` +\n          `To inspect changeLog backlog in your change DB:\\n` +\n          `  SELECT\\n` +\n          `    (change->'relation'->>'schema') || '.' || (change->'relation'->>'name') AS table_name,\\n` +\n          `    change->>'tag' AS operation,\\n` +\n          `    COUNT(*) AS count\\n` +\n          `  FROM \"<app_id>/cdc\".\"changeLog\"\\n` +\n          `  GROUP BY 1, 2\\n` +\n          `  ORDER BY 3 DESC\\n` +\n          `  LIMIT 20;`,\n      );\n      this.#readyForMore = resolver();\n    }\n    return this.#readyForMore?.promise;\n  }\n\n  #maybeReleaseBackPressure() {\n    if (\n      this.#readyForMore !== null &&\n      // Wait for at least 20% of the threshold to free up.\n      this.#approximateQueuedBytes < this.#backPressureThresholdBytes * 0.8\n    ) {\n      this.#lc.info?.(\n        `releasing back pressure with ${this.#queue.size()} queued changes (~${(this.#approximateQueuedBytes / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB)`,\n      );\n      this.#readyForMore.resolve();\n      this.#readyForMore = null;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Flushes any buffered {@link PendingTransaction.batch} rows to the changeLog.\n   *\n   * Uses `json_to_recordset()` so the batch is a single JSON parameter: the\n   * statement text stays constant regardless of batch size, avoiding the\n   * unbounded prepared-statement variants (and Postgres memory growth) that a\n   * multi-row INSERT would produce. See rocicorp/mono#3511.\n   *\n   * Returns (and updates) {@link PendingTransaction.lastFlush}; a no-op when the\n   * batch is empty.\n   */\n  #flushChangeLog(tx: PendingTransaction): Promise<unknown> | undefined {\n    const {batch} = tx;\n    if (batch.length === 0) {\n      return tx.lastFlush;\n    }\n    tx.batch = [];\n    tx.lastFlush = tx.pool.process(sql => [\n      sql`\n        INSERT INTO ${this.#cdc('changeLog')} (\"watermark\", \"pos\", \"change\", \"precommit\")\n        SELECT \"watermark\", \"pos\", \"change\"::json, \"precommit\"\n          FROM json_to_recordset(${batch}) AS x(\n            \"watermark\" TEXT,\n            \"pos\" INT8,\n            \"change\" TEXT,\n            \"precommit\" TEXT\n          )`,\n    ]);\n    return tx.lastFlush;\n  }\n\n  #stopped = promiseVoid;\n\n  /**\n   * Runs the storer loop until {@link stop()} is called, or an error is thrown.\n   * Once {@link run()} completes, it can be called again.\n   */\n  async run() {\n    assert(!this.#running, `storer is already running`);\n\n    const {promise: stopped, resolve: signalStopped} = resolver();\n    this.#running = true;\n    this.#stopped = stopped;\n\n    this.#lc.info?.('starting storer');\n    let err: unknown;\n    try {\n      await this.#processQueue();\n    } catch (e) {\n      err = e; // used in finally\n      throw e;\n    } finally {\n      // Release any pending backpressure so the upstream can proceed\n      if (this.#readyForMore !== null) {\n        this.#readyForMore.resolve();\n        this.#readyForMore = null;\n      }\n      this.#cancelQueueEntries(\n        this.#queue.drain().filter(entry => entry !== undefined),\n        err,\n      );\n      this.#running = false;\n      signalStopped();\n      this.#lc.info?.('storer stopped');\n    }\n  }\n\n  #cancelQueueEntries(queue: QueueEntry[], e: unknown) {\n    if (queue.length === 0) {\n      return;\n    }\n    this.#lc.info?.(\n      `canceling ${queue.length} entries from the changeLog queue`,\n    );\n    const err = e instanceof Error ? e : new AbortError('server shutting down');\n    for (const entry of queue) {\n      if (entry === 'stop') {\n        continue;\n      }\n      const type = entry[0];\n      switch (type) {\n        case 'subscriber': {\n          // Disconnect subscribers waiting to be caught up so that they can\n          // reconnect and try again.\n          const {subscriber} = entry[1];\n          this.#lc.info?.(`disconnecting ${subscriber.id}`);\n          subscriber.fail(err);\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  async #processQueue() {\n    let tx: PendingTransaction | null = null;\n    let msg: QueueEntry | false;\n\n    const catchupQueue: SubscriberAndMode[] = [];\n    try {\n      while ((msg = await this.#queue.dequeue()) !== 'stop') {\n        const [msgType] = msg;\n        switch (msgType) {\n          case 'ready': {\n            const signalReady = msg[1];\n            signalReady();\n            continue;\n          }\n          case 'subscriber': {\n            const subscriber = msg[1];\n            if (tx) {\n              catchupQueue.push(subscriber); // Wait for the current tx to complete.\n            } else {\n              await this.#startCatchup([subscriber]); // Catch up immediately.\n            }\n            continue;\n          }\n          case 'status':\n            this.#onConsumed(msg);\n            continue;\n          case 'abort': {\n            if (tx) {\n              tx.pool.abort();\n              await tx.pool.done();\n              tx = null;\n            }\n            continue;\n          }\n        }\n        // msgType === 'change'\n        const [_, watermark, json, change] = msg;\n        const tag = change?.tag;\n        this.#approximateQueuedBytes -= json.length;\n\n        if (tag === 'begin') {\n          assert(!tx, 'received BEGIN in the middle of a transaction');\n          const {promise, resolve, reject} = resolver<ReplicationOwner>();\n          void promise.catch(() => {}); // handle rejections before the await\n          tx = {\n            pool: new TransactionPool(\n              this.#lc.withContext('watermark', watermark),\n              {\n                mode: Mode.READ_COMMITTED,\n                statementResponseTimeout: this.#statementTimeoutMs,\n              },\n            ),\n            preCommitWatermark: watermark,\n            pos: 0,\n            startingReplicationState: promise,\n            ack: !change.skipAck,\n            batch: [],\n            lastFlush: undefined,\n          };\n          tx.pool.run(this.#db);\n          // Acquire a lock on the replicationState row to detect and/or prevent\n          // a concurrent ownership change.\n          void tx.pool.process(tx => {\n            tx<ReplicationOwner[]> /*sql*/ `\n          SELECT \"owner\" FROM ${this.#cdc('replicationState')} FOR UPDATE`.then(\n              ([result]) => resolve(result),\n              reject,\n            );\n            return [];\n          });\n        } else {\n          assert(tx, () => `received change outside of transaction: ${json}`);\n          tx.pos++;\n        }\n\n        const entry: ChangeLogRow = {\n          watermark: tag === 'commit' ? watermark : tx.preCommitWatermark,\n          precommit: tag === 'commit' ? tx.preCommitWatermark : null,\n          pos: tx.pos,\n          // For backwards compatibility, only the change message is stored\n          // in the cdc changeLog.\n          change: extractChangeSubstring(json, tag),\n        };\n\n        if (change !== null && isSchemaChange(change)) {\n          // Schema changes carry backfill / table-metadata statements that\n          // must be applied in stream order relative to the changeLog rows.\n          // Flush any buffered rows first, then write this row together with\n          // its metadata statements as a single unit (preserving the previous\n          // per-change ordering for schema changes).\n          await this.#flushChangeLog(tx);\n          tx.lastFlush = tx.pool.process(sql => [\n            sql`INSERT INTO ${this.#cdc('changeLog')} ${sql(entry)}`,\n            ...this.#trackBackfillMetadata(sql, change),\n          ]);\n        } else {\n          // Accumulate plain changeLog rows (begin, data changes, commit) and\n          // write them as a single multi-row INSERT. Collapsing the per-change\n          // single-row INSERTs into batches is the dominant cost reduction for\n          // large transactions, where the previous one-statement-per-change\n          // path dominated the upstream replication lag.\n          tx.batch.push(entry);\n          if (tx.batch.length >= this.#changeLogBatchSize) {\n            // Bound pipeline depth (and thus memory) by awaiting the previous\n            // flush before issuing the next. This is the batched analog of the\n            // previous per-100-statement backpressure await, and likewise\n            // guards against memory blowup on very large transactions.\n            const prevFlush = tx.lastFlush;\n            void this.#flushChangeLog(tx);\n            await prevFlush;\n          }\n        }\n        this.#maybeReleaseBackPressure();\n\n        if (tag === 'commit') {\n          // Flush any remaining buffered changeLog rows (including this commit\n          // row) before updating the replication state, so the state update is\n          // ordered after all changeLog inserts for this transaction.\n          void this.#flushChangeLog(tx);\n\n          const {owner} = await tx.startingReplicationState;\n          if (owner !== this.#taskID) {\n            // Ownership change reflected in the replicationState read in 'begin'.\n            tx.pool.fail(\n              new AbortError(\n                `changeLog ownership has been assumed by ${owner}`,\n              ),\n            );\n          } else {\n            // Update the replication state.\n            const lastWatermark = watermark;\n            void tx.pool.process(tx => [\n              tx`\n            UPDATE ${this.#cdc('replicationState')} SET ${tx({lastWatermark})}`,\n            ]);\n            tx.pool.setDone();\n          }\n\n          await tx.pool.done();\n\n          // ACK the LSN to the upstream Postgres.\n          if (tx.ack) {\n            this.#onConsumed(['commit', change, {watermark}]);\n          }\n          tx = null;\n\n          // Before beginning the next transaction, open a READONLY snapshot to\n          // concurrently catchup any queued subscribers.\n          await this.#startCatchup(catchupQueue.splice(0));\n        } else if (tag === 'rollback') {\n          // Aborted transactions are not stored in the changeLog. Abort the current tx\n          // and process catchup of subscribers that were waiting for it to end.\n          tx.pool.abort();\n          await tx.pool.done();\n          tx = null;\n\n          await this.#startCatchup(catchupQueue.splice(0));\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (e) {\n      catchupQueue.forEach(({subscriber}) => subscriber.fail(e));\n      throw e;\n    }\n  }\n\n  async #startCatchup(subs: SubscriberAndMode[]) {\n    if (subs.length === 0) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    const reader = new TransactionPool(\n      this.#lc.withContext('pool', 'catchup'),\n      {mode: Mode.READONLY},\n    );\n    reader.run(this.#db);\n\n    let lastWatermark: string | undefined;\n    try {\n      // Ensure that the transaction has started (and is thus holding a snapshot\n      // of the database) before continuing on to commit more changes. This is\n      // done by performing a single read on the db, which determines the\n      // snapshot for the REPEATABLE_READ transaction.\n      [{lastWatermark}] = await reader.processReadTask(\n        sql => sql<{lastWatermark: string}[]>`\n        SELECT \"lastWatermark\" FROM ${this.#cdc('replicationState')}\n      `,\n      );\n    } catch (e) {\n      subs.map(({subscriber}) => subscriber.fail(e));\n      throw e;\n    }\n\n    // Run the actual catchup queries in the background. Errors are handled in\n    // #catchup() by disconnecting the associated subscriber.\n    void Promise.all(\n      subs.map(sub => this.#catchup(sub, lastWatermark, reader)),\n    ).finally(() => reader.setDone());\n  }\n\n  async #catchup(\n    {subscriber: sub, mode}: SubscriberAndMode,\n    lastWatermark: string,\n    reader: TransactionPool,\n  ) {\n    try {\n      await reader.processReadTask(async tx => {\n        const start = Date.now();\n\n        // When starting from initial-sync, there won't be a change with a watermark\n        // equal to the replica version. This is the empty changeLog scenario.\n        let watermarkFound = sub.watermark === this.#replicaVersion;\n        let count = 0;\n        let lastBatchConsumed: Promise<unknown> | undefined;\n\n        for await (const entries of tx<ChangeLogEntry[]> /*sql*/ `\n          SELECT watermark, change->'tag' as tag, change::text FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')}\n           WHERE watermark >= ${sub.watermark}\n             AND watermark <= ${lastWatermark}\n           ORDER BY watermark, pos`.cursor(2000)) {\n          // Wait for the last batch of entries to be consumed by the\n          // subscriber before sending down the current batch. This pipelining\n          // allows one batch of changes to be received from the change-db\n          // while the previous batch of changes are sent to the subscriber,\n          // resulting in flow control that caps the number of changes\n          // referenced in memory to 2 * batch-size.\n          const start = performance.now();\n          await lastBatchConsumed;\n          const elapsed = performance.now() - start;\n          if (lastBatchConsumed) {\n            this.#lc[elapsed > 100 ? 'info' : 'debug']?.(\n              `waited ${elapsed.toFixed(3)} ms for ${sub.id} to consume last batch of catchup entries`,\n            );\n          }\n\n          for (const entry of entries) {\n            if (entry.watermark === sub.watermark) {\n              // This should be the first entry.\n              // Catchup starts from *after* the watermark.\n              watermarkFound = true;\n            } else if (watermarkFound) {\n              lastBatchConsumed = sub.catchup(toDownstream(entry));\n              count++;\n            } else if (mode === 'backup') {\n              throw new AutoResetSignal(\n                `backup replica at watermark ${sub.watermark} is behind change db: ${entry.watermark})`,\n              );\n            } else {\n              this.#lc.warn?.(\n                `rejecting subscriber at watermark ${sub.watermark} (earliest watermark: ${entry.watermark})`,\n              );\n              sub.close(\n                ErrorType.WatermarkTooOld,\n                `earliest supported watermark is ${entry.watermark} (requested ${sub.watermark})`,\n              );\n              return;\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        if (watermarkFound) {\n          await lastBatchConsumed;\n          this.#lc.info?.(\n            `caught up ${sub.id} with ${count} changes (${\n              Date.now() - start\n            } ms)`,\n          );\n        } else {\n          // The subscriber is ahead of the latest durable changeLog entry\n          // (lastWatermark). This can legitimately happen: changes are\n          // forwarded to subscribers (the backup replica and view-syncers)\n          // concurrently with — and can outrun — the durable store, so a\n          // replica may briefly lead the change DB after the storer falls\n          // behind or the change-streamer restarts. No catchup is possible or\n          // needed; once the change DB catches back up, forwarding resumes and\n          // the subscriber dedups any watermarks it already has. Unlike the\n          // AutoResetSignal / WatermarkTooOld cases above, this is not a gap in\n          // replication history, so the subscriber is simply marked caught up.\n          this.#lc.warn?.(\n            `subscriber ${sub.id} at watermark ${sub.watermark} is ahead of ` +\n              `the latest durable watermark ${lastWatermark}; waiting for the ` +\n              `change DB to catch up`,\n          );\n        }\n        // Start draining messages buffered during catchup. The returned promise\n        // is intentionally not awaited here: while the drain is in progress,\n        // new sends keep appending to the subscriber backlog and inherit its\n        // byte-based backpressure.\n        void sub.setCaughtUp();\n      });\n    } catch (err) {\n      this.#lc.error?.(`error while catching up subscriber ${sub.id}`, err);\n      if (err instanceof AutoResetSignal) {\n        await markResetRequired(this.#db, this.#shard);\n        this.#onFatal(err);\n      }\n      sub.fail(err);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Returns the db statements necessary to track backfill and table metadata\n   * presented in the `change`, if any.\n   */\n  #trackBackfillMetadata(sql: PostgresTransaction, change: SchemaChange) {\n    const stmts: PendingQuery<Row[]>[] = [];\n\n    switch (change.tag) {\n      case 'update-table-metadata': {\n        const {table, new: metadata} = change;\n        stmts.push(this.#upsertTableMetadataStmt(sql, table, metadata));\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'create-table': {\n        const {spec, metadata, backfill} = change;\n        if (metadata) {\n          stmts.push(this.#upsertTableMetadataStmt(sql, spec, metadata));\n        }\n        if (backfill) {\n          Object.entries(backfill).forEach(([col, backfill]) => {\n            stmts.push(\n              this.#upsertColumnBackfillStmt(sql, spec, col, backfill),\n            );\n          });\n        }\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'rename-table': {\n        const {old} = change;\n        const row = {schema: change.new.schema, table: change.new.name};\n        stmts.push(\n          sql`UPDATE ${this.#cdc('tableMetadata')} SET ${sql(row)}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${old.schema} AND \"table\" = ${old.name}`,\n          sql`UPDATE ${this.#cdc('backfilling')} SET ${sql(row)}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${old.schema} AND \"table\" = ${old.name}`,\n        );\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'drop-table': {\n        const {\n          id: {schema, name},\n        } = change;\n        stmts.push(\n          sql`DELETE FROM ${this.#cdc('tableMetadata')}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${schema} AND \"table\" = ${name}`,\n          sql`DELETE FROM ${this.#cdc('backfilling')}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${schema} AND \"table\" = ${name}`,\n        );\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'add-column': {\n        const {table, tableMetadata, column, backfill} = change;\n        if (tableMetadata) {\n          stmts.push(this.#upsertTableMetadataStmt(sql, table, tableMetadata));\n        }\n        if (backfill) {\n          stmts.push(\n            this.#upsertColumnBackfillStmt(sql, table, column.name, backfill),\n          );\n        }\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'update-column': {\n        const {\n          table: {schema, name: table},\n          old: {name: oldName},\n          new: {name: newName},\n        } = change;\n        if (oldName !== newName) {\n          stmts.push(\n            sql`UPDATE ${this.#cdc('backfilling')} SET \"column\" = ${newName}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${schema} AND \"table\" = ${table} AND \"column\" = ${oldName}`,\n          );\n        }\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'drop-column': {\n        const {\n          table: {schema, name},\n          column,\n        } = change;\n        stmts.push(\n          sql`DELETE FROM ${this.#cdc('backfilling')}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${schema} AND \"table\" = ${name} AND \"column\" = ${column}`,\n        );\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'backfill-completed': {\n        const {\n          relation: {schema, name: table, rowKey},\n          columns,\n        } = change;\n        const cols = [...rowKey.columns, ...columns];\n        stmts.push(\n          sql`DELETE FROM ${this.#cdc('backfilling')}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${schema} AND \"table\" = ${table} AND \"column\" IN ${sql(cols)}`,\n        );\n      }\n    }\n    return stmts;\n  }\n\n  #upsertTableMetadataStmt(\n    sql: PostgresTransaction,\n    {schema, name: table}: Identifier,\n    metadata: TableMetadata,\n  ) {\n    const row: TableMetadataRow = {schema, table, metadata};\n    return sql`\n        INSERT INTO ${this.#cdc('tableMetadata')} ${sql(row)}\n          ON CONFLICT (\"schema\", \"table\") \n          DO UPDATE SET ${sql(row)};\n    `;\n  }\n\n  #upsertColumnBackfillStmt(\n    sql: PostgresTransaction,\n    {schema, name: table}: Identifier,\n    column: string,\n    backfill: BackfillID,\n  ) {\n    const row: BackfillingColumn = {schema, table, column, backfill};\n    return sql`\n        INSERT INTO ${this.#cdc('backfilling')} ${sql(row)}\n          ON CONFLICT (\"schema\", \"table\", \"column\") \n          DO UPDATE SET ${sql(row)};\n    `;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Waits until all currently queued entries have been processed.\n   * This is only used in tests.\n   */\n  async allProcessed() {\n    if (this.#running) {\n      const {promise, resolve} = resolver();\n      this.#queue.enqueue(['ready', resolve]);\n      await promise;\n    }\n  }\n\n  stop() {\n    if (this.#running) {\n      this.#lc.info?.(`draining ${this.#queue.size()} changeLog entries`);\n      this.#queue.enqueue('stop');\n    }\n    return this.#stopped;\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Extracts the stringified change message from the stringified\n * stream message (e.g. the second tuple element). This optimization\n * facilitates stringifying (and sharing the result of) the stream\n * message exactly once, but storing only the change message substring\n * in the changeLog for backwards compatibility.\n */\nexport function extractChangeSubstring(\n  streamMessageJSON: string,\n  tag: Change['tag'] | undefined,\n) {\n  switch (tag) {\n    case 'begin':\n    case 'commit':\n      // e.g.\n      // [\"begin\",<message-json>,{\"commitWatermark\":\"92fj2d0s\"}]\n      // [\"commit\",<message-json>,{\"watermark\":\"92fj2d0s\"}]\n      return streamMessageJSON.substring(\n        streamMessageJSON.indexOf(',') + 1,\n        streamMessageJSON.lastIndexOf(','),\n      );\n    default:\n      // [\"data\",<message-json>]\n      return streamMessageJSON.substring(\n        streamMessageJSON.indexOf(',') + 1,\n        streamMessageJSON.lastIndexOf(']'),\n      );\n  }\n}\n\ntype ChangeLogEntry = {\n  watermark: string;\n  tag: string;\n  change: string;\n};\n\nfunction toDownstream(entry: ChangeLogEntry): WatermarkedChange {\n  const {watermark, change} = entry;\n  const tag = entry.tag as ChangeTag;\n  switch (tag) {\n    case 'begin':\n      return [\n        watermark,\n        tag,\n        `[\"begin\",${change},{\"commitWatermark\":\"${watermark}\"}]`,\n      ];\n    case 'commit':\n      return [\n        watermark,\n        tag,\n        `[\"commit\",${change},{\"watermark\":\"${watermark}\"}]`,\n      ];\n    case 'rollback':\n      return [watermark, tag, `[\"rollback\",${change}]`];\n    default:\n      return [watermark, tag, `[\"data\",${change}]`];\n  }\n}\n\nexport class PurgeLock {\n  readonly #lc: LogContext;\n  readonly #tx: TransactionPool;\n  readonly replicaVersion: string;\n  readonly minWatermark: string;\n\n  constructor(\n    lc: LogContext,\n    tx: TransactionPool,\n    replicaVersion: string,\n    watermark: string,\n  ) {\n    this.#lc = lc;\n    this.#tx = tx;\n    this.replicaVersion = replicaVersion;\n    this.minWatermark = watermark;\n  }\n\n  #released = false;\n\n  async release() {\n    if (this.#released) {\n      return;\n    }\n    this.#released = true;\n    this.#tx.setDone();\n    await this.#tx\n      .done()\n      .catch(e => this.#lc.warn?.(`error from purge-lock release`, e));\n    this.#lc.info?.(`released purge lock on ${this.minWatermark}`);\n  }\n}\n\nexport class PurgeLocker {\n  readonly #lc: LogContext;\n  readonly #shard: ShardID;\n  readonly #db: PostgresDB;\n\n  constructor(lc: LogContext, shard: ShardID, db: PostgresDB) {\n    this.#lc = lc.withContext('component', 'purge-locker');\n    this.#shard = shard;\n    this.#db = db;\n  }\n\n  // For readability in SQL statements.\n  #cdc(table: string) {\n    return this.#db(`${cdcSchema(this.#shard)}.${table}`);\n  }\n\n  async acquire() {\n    const tx = new TransactionPool(this.#lc, {mode: Mode.READ_COMMITTED}).run(\n      this.#db,\n    );\n    const row = await tx.processReadTask(\n      sql => sql<{watermark: string}[]>`\n      SELECT watermark FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')}\n        ORDER BY watermark, pos LIMIT 1\n        FOR SHARE \n    `,\n    );\n    if (row.length === 0) {\n      this.#lc.info?.(`changeLog is empty. No rows to purge-lock.`);\n      tx.setDone();\n      await tx.done();\n      return null;\n    }\n    const [{watermark}] = row;\n    const [{replicaVersion}] = await tx.processReadTask(\n      sql => sql<{replicaVersion: string}[]>`\n        SELECT \"replicaVersion\" FROM ${this.#cdc('replicationConfig')}\n      `,\n    );\n    this.#lc.info?.(\n      `locked watermark ${watermark} from being purged from replica@${replicaVersion}`,\n    );\n    return new PurgeLock(this.#lc, tx, replicaVersion, watermark);\n  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+{"version":3,"file":"storer.js","names":["#lc","#shard","#taskID","#discoveryAddress","#discoveryProtocol","#db","#replicaVersion","#onConsumed","#onFatal","#queue","#backPressureThresholdBytes","#statementTimeoutMs","#changeLogBatchSize","#drainTimeoutMs","#cdc","#approximateQueuedBytes","#running","#readyForMore","#resetBackpressureTimeout","#backpressureTimeout","#stopped","#processQueue","#cancelQueueEntries","#startCatchup","#flushChangeLog","#trackBackfillMetadata","#maybeReleaseBackPressure","#catchup","#upsertTableMetadataStmt","#upsertColumnBackfillStmt","#tx","#released"],"sources":["../../../../../../zero-cache/src/services/change-streamer/storer.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import {getHeapStatistics} from 'node:v8';\nimport type {LogContext} from '@rocicorp/logger';\nimport {resolver, type Resolver} from '@rocicorp/resolver';\nimport {type PendingQuery, type Row} from 'postgres';\nimport {AbortError} from '../../../../shared/src/abort-error.ts';\nimport {assert} from '../../../../shared/src/asserts.ts';\nimport {BigIntJSON} from '../../../../shared/src/bigint-json.ts';\nimport {Queue} from '../../../../shared/src/queue.ts';\nimport {promiseVoid} from '../../../../shared/src/resolved-promises.ts';\nimport * as v from '../../../../shared/src/valita.ts';\nimport * as Mode from '../../db/mode-enum.ts';\nimport {runTx} from '../../db/run-transaction.ts';\nimport {TransactionPool} from '../../db/transaction-pool.ts';\nimport {type PostgresDB, type PostgresTransaction} from '../../types/pg.ts';\nimport {cdcSchema, type ShardID} from '../../types/shards.ts';\nimport {orTimeout} from '../../types/timeout.ts';\nimport {\n  backfillRequestSchema,\n  isDataChange,\n  isSchemaChange,\n  type BackfillID,\n  type BackfillRequest,\n  type Change,\n  type DataChange,\n  type Identifier,\n  type SchemaChange,\n  type TableMetadata,\n} from '../change-source/protocol/current.ts';\nimport {\n  type ChangeStreamData,\n  type Commit,\n} from '../change-source/protocol/current/downstream.ts';\nimport type {\n  DownstreamStatusMessage,\n  UpstreamStatusMessage,\n} from '../change-source/protocol/current/status.ts';\nimport type {ReplicatorMode} from '../replicator/replicator.ts';\nimport type {Service} from '../service.ts';\nimport type {ChangeTag, WatermarkedChange} from './change-streamer-service.ts';\nimport * as ErrorType from './error-type-enum.ts';\nimport {\n  AutoResetSignal,\n  markResetRequired,\n  type BackfillingColumn,\n  type TableMetadataRow,\n} from './schema/tables.ts';\nimport type {Subscriber} from './subscriber.ts';\n\ntype SubscriberAndMode = {\n  subscriber: Subscriber;\n  mode: ReplicatorMode;\n};\n\ntype QueueEntry =\n  | [\n      'change',\n      watermark: string,\n      json: string,\n      orig: Exclude<Change, DataChange> | null, // null for DataChanges\n    ]\n  | ['ready', callback: () => void]\n  | ['subscriber', SubscriberAndMode]\n  | DownstreamStatusMessage\n  | ['abort']\n  | 'stop';\n\ntype PendingTransaction = {\n  pool: TransactionPool;\n  preCommitWatermark: string;\n  pos: number;\n  startingReplicationState: Promise<ReplicationOwner>;\n  ack: boolean;\n  // changeLog rows buffered for the next multi-row INSERT flush.\n  batch: ChangeLogRow[];\n  // The most recently issued flush (or metadata) process, awaited to bound\n  // pipeline depth and to order the commit-time replicationState update.\n  lastFlush: Promise<unknown> | undefined;\n};\n\ntype ReplicationOwner = {\n  owner: string | null;\n};\n\nconst backfillRequestsSchema = v.array(backfillRequestSchema);\n\nexport type TuningOptions = {\n  backPressureLimitHeapProportion: number;\n  statementTimeoutMs: number;\n  changeLogBatchSize: number;\n  drainTimeoutMs?: number | undefined;\n};\n\n/**\n * A single `changeLog` row, accumulated in {@link PendingTransaction.batch}\n * and written via `json_to_recordset()` (see `#flushChangeLog()`).\n */\ntype ChangeLogRow = {\n  watermark: string;\n  precommit: string | null;\n  pos: number;\n  change: string;\n};\n\n/**\n * Handles the storage of changes and the catchup of subscribers\n * that are behind.\n *\n * In the context of catchup and cleanup, it is the responsibility of the\n * Storer to decide whether a client can be caught up, or whether the\n * changes needed to catch a client up have been purged.\n *\n * **Maintained invariant**: The Change DB is only empty for a\n * completely new replica (i.e. initial-sync with no changes from the\n * replication stream).\n * * In this case, all new subscribers are expected start from the\n *   `replicaVersion`, which is the version at which initial sync\n *   was performed, and any attempts to catchup from a different\n *   point fail.\n *\n * Conversely, if non-initial changes have flowed through the system\n * (i.e. via the replication stream), the ChangeDB must *not* be empty,\n * and the earliest change in the `changeLog` represents the earliest\n * \"commit\" from (after) which a subscriber can be caught up.\n * * Any attempts to catchup from an earlier point must fail with\n *   a `WatermarkTooOld` error.\n * * Failure to do so could result in streaming changes to the\n *   subscriber such that there is a gap in its replication history.\n *\n * Note: Subscribers (i.e. `incremental-syncer`) consider an \"error\" signal\n * an unrecoverable error and shut down in response. This allows the\n * production system to replace it with a new task and fresh copy of the\n * replica backup.\n */\nexport class Storer implements Service {\n  readonly id = 'storer';\n  readonly #lc: LogContext;\n  readonly #shard: ShardID;\n  readonly #taskID: string;\n  readonly #discoveryAddress: string;\n  readonly #discoveryProtocol: string;\n  readonly #db: PostgresDB;\n  readonly #replicaVersion: string;\n  readonly #onConsumed: (c: Commit | UpstreamStatusMessage) => void;\n  readonly #onFatal: (err: Error) => void;\n  readonly #queue = new Queue<QueueEntry>();\n  readonly #backPressureThresholdBytes: number;\n  readonly #statementTimeoutMs: number;\n  readonly #changeLogBatchSize: number;\n  readonly #drainTimeoutMs: number;\n\n  #approximateQueuedBytes = 0;\n  #running = false;\n\n  constructor(\n    lc: LogContext,\n    shard: ShardID,\n    taskID: string,\n    discoveryAddress: string,\n    discoveryProtocol: string,\n    db: PostgresDB,\n    replicaVersion: string,\n    onConsumed: (c: Commit | UpstreamStatusMessage) => void,\n    onFatal: (err: Error) => void,\n    {\n      backPressureLimitHeapProportion,\n      statementTimeoutMs,\n      changeLogBatchSize,\n      drainTimeoutMs = 30_000,\n    }: TuningOptions,\n  ) {\n    this.#lc = lc.withContext('component', 'change-log');\n    this.#shard = shard;\n    this.#taskID = taskID;\n    this.#discoveryAddress = discoveryAddress;\n    this.#discoveryProtocol = discoveryProtocol;\n    this.#db = db;\n    this.#replicaVersion = replicaVersion;\n    this.#onConsumed = onConsumed;\n    this.#onFatal = onFatal;\n    this.#statementTimeoutMs = statementTimeoutMs;\n    this.#changeLogBatchSize = Math.max(1, changeLogBatchSize);\n    this.#drainTimeoutMs = drainTimeoutMs;\n\n    const heapStats = getHeapStatistics();\n    this.#backPressureThresholdBytes =\n      (heapStats.heap_size_limit - heapStats.used_heap_size) *\n      backPressureLimitHeapProportion;\n\n    this.#lc.info?.(\n      `Using up to ${(this.#backPressureThresholdBytes / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB of ` +\n        `--max-old-space-size (~${(heapStats.heap_size_limit / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB) ` +\n        `to absorb upstream spikes`,\n      {heapStats},\n    );\n  }\n\n  // For readability in SQL statements.\n  #cdc(table: string) {\n    return this.#db(`${cdcSchema(this.#shard)}.${table}`);\n  }\n\n  async assumeOwnership(purgeLock?: PurgeLock | null) {\n    const db = this.#db;\n    const owner = this.#taskID;\n    const ownerAddress = this.#discoveryAddress;\n    const ownerProtocol = this.#discoveryProtocol;\n    // we omit `ws://` so that old view syncer versions that are not expecting the protocol continue to not get it\n    const addressWithProtocol =\n      ownerProtocol === 'ws'\n        ? ownerAddress\n        : `${ownerProtocol}://${ownerAddress}`;\n    this.#lc.info?.(`assuming ownership at ${addressWithProtocol}`);\n    const start = performance.now();\n    await db`UPDATE ${this.#cdc('replicationState')} SET ${db({owner, ownerAddress: addressWithProtocol})}`;\n    const elapsed = (performance.now() - start).toFixed(2);\n    this.#lc.info?.(\n      `assumed ownership at ${addressWithProtocol} (${elapsed} ms)`,\n    );\n\n    if (purgeLock) {\n      // Once ownership has been assumed, any initial purge-lock preventing the\n      // purging of change-log records can be released, as a change-streamer\n      // that was attempting to purge records will correspondingly abort on the\n      // ownership check.\n      void purgeLock.release();\n    }\n  }\n\n  async getStartStreamInitializationParameters(): Promise<{\n    lastWatermark: string;\n    backfillRequests: BackfillRequest[];\n  }> {\n    const [[{lastWatermark}], result] = await runTx(\n      this.#db,\n      sql => [\n        sql<{lastWatermark: string}[]>`\n        SELECT \"lastWatermark\" FROM ${this.#cdc('replicationState')}`,\n\n        // Formats a BackfillRequest using json_object_agg() to construct the\n        // `columns` object. It is LEFT JOIN'ed with the `tableMetadata` table\n        // to make it optional and possibly `null`.\n        sql`\n        SELECT \n            json_build_object(\n              'schema', b.\"schema\",\n              'name', b.\"table\",\n              'metadata', t.\"metadata\"\n            ) as \"table\",\n            json_object_agg(b.\"column\", b.\"backfill\") \n              as \"columns\"\n          FROM ${this.#cdc('backfilling')} as b\n          LEFT JOIN ${this.#cdc('tableMetadata')} as t\n          ON (b.\"schema\" = t.\"schema\" AND b.\"table\" = t.\"table\")\n          GROUP BY b.\"schema\", b.\"table\", t.\"metadata\"\n        `,\n      ],\n      {mode: Mode.READONLY},\n    );\n\n    return {\n      lastWatermark,\n      backfillRequests: v.parse(result, backfillRequestsSchema),\n    };\n  }\n\n  async getMinWatermarkForCatchup(): Promise<string | null> {\n    const [{minWatermark}] = await this.#db<{minWatermark: string | null}[]>\n    /*sql*/ `\n      SELECT min(watermark) as \"minWatermark\" FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')}`;\n    return minWatermark;\n  }\n\n  purgeRecordsBefore(watermark: string): Promise<number> {\n    return runTx(this.#db, async sql => {\n      // This NOWAIT pre-check is an optimization to abort the transaction\n      // (and release associated resources) early.\n      await sql<{watermark: string}[]>`\n          SELECT watermark FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')}\n            ORDER BY watermark, pos LIMIT 1\n            FOR UPDATE NOWAIT\n        `;\n      // If the row is purge-locked by an incoming replication-manager, it\n      // will assume ownership of the change-log before releasing the lock.\n      // This DELETE blocks until the lock is released, allowing the change\n      // in ownership to be reliably detected (and the transaction aborted)\n      // in the subsequent check.\n      const [{deleted}] = await sql<{deleted: bigint}[]>`\n        -- The backup watermark can be ahead of the durable changeLog if the\n        -- storer is behind but the backup replica has consumed forwarded\n        -- changes. Preserve the latest durable changeLog transaction as the\n        -- catchup boundary instead of assuming the backup watermark exists.\n        -- The storer inserts each changeLog transaction atomically, so any\n        -- durable row for a watermark implies the full transaction is durable.\n        WITH keep AS (\n          SELECT max(watermark) AS watermark\n          FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')}\n        ), purged AS (\n          DELETE FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')} WHERE watermark < ${watermark} \n            AND watermark < (SELECT watermark FROM keep)\n            RETURNING watermark, pos\n        ) SELECT COUNT(*) as deleted FROM purged;`;\n\n      const [{owner}] = await sql<ReplicationOwner[]>`\n        SELECT \"owner\" FROM ${this.#cdc('replicationState')} FOR SHARE`;\n      if (owner !== this.#taskID) {\n        throw new AbortError(\n          `aborting changeLog purge to ${watermark} because ownership has been taken by ${owner}`,\n        );\n      }\n      return Number(deleted);\n    });\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * @returns The JSON stringified stream message to be sent downstream.\n   */\n  store(watermark: string, data: ChangeStreamData) {\n    // Eagerly stringify the JSON payload to:\n    // - avoid redundant stringification when fanning out to subscribers\n    // - efficiently estimate the amount of memory the payload consumes\n    const json = BigIntJSON.stringify(data);\n    this.#approximateQueuedBytes += json.length;\n\n    const change = data[1];\n    this.#queue.enqueue([\n      'change',\n      watermark,\n      json,\n      isDataChange(change) ? null : change, // drop DataChanges to save memory\n    ]);\n\n    return json;\n  }\n\n  abort() {\n    this.#queue.enqueue(['abort']);\n  }\n\n  status(s: DownstreamStatusMessage) {\n    this.#queue.enqueue(s);\n  }\n\n  catchup(subscriber: Subscriber, mode: ReplicatorMode) {\n    this.#queue.enqueue(['subscriber', {subscriber, mode}]);\n  }\n\n  #readyForMore: Resolver<void> | null = null;\n  #backpressureTimeout: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;\n\n  readyForMore(): Promise<void> | undefined {\n    if (!this.#running) {\n      return undefined;\n    }\n    if (\n      this.#readyForMore === null &&\n      this.#approximateQueuedBytes > this.#backPressureThresholdBytes\n    ) {\n      this.#lc.warn?.(\n        `applying back pressure with ${this.#queue.size()} queued changes (~${(this.#approximateQueuedBytes / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB)\\n` +\n          `\\n` +\n          `To inspect changeLog backlog in your change DB:\\n` +\n          `  SELECT\\n` +\n          `    (change->'relation'->>'schema') || '.' || (change->'relation'->>'name') AS table_name,\\n` +\n          `    change->>'tag' AS operation,\\n` +\n          `    COUNT(*) AS count\\n` +\n          `  FROM \"<app_id>/cdc\".\"changeLog\"\\n` +\n          `  GROUP BY 1, 2\\n` +\n          `  ORDER BY 3 DESC\\n` +\n          `  LIMIT 20;`,\n      );\n      this.#readyForMore = resolver();\n      this.#resetBackpressureTimeout(true);\n    }\n    return this.#readyForMore?.promise;\n  }\n\n  #resetBackpressureTimeout(reschedule: boolean) {\n    clearTimeout(this.#backpressureTimeout);\n    this.#backpressureTimeout = reschedule\n      ? setTimeout(() => {\n          this.#readyForMore?.reject(\n            new AbortError(\n              `No statement processed within the last ${this.#statementTimeoutMs}ms. Considering the change-log to be wedged.`,\n            ),\n          );\n          this.#readyForMore = null;\n        }, this.#statementTimeoutMs)\n      : undefined;\n  }\n\n  #maybeReleaseBackPressure() {\n    if (this.#readyForMore !== null) {\n      // Wait for at least 20% of the threshold to free up.\n      if (\n        this.#approximateQueuedBytes <\n        this.#backPressureThresholdBytes * 0.8\n      ) {\n        this.#lc.info?.(\n          `releasing back pressure with ${this.#queue.size()} queued changes (~${(this.#approximateQueuedBytes / 1024 ** 2).toFixed(2)} MB)`,\n        );\n        this.#readyForMore.resolve();\n        this.#readyForMore = null;\n        this.#resetBackpressureTimeout(false);\n      } else {\n        this.#resetBackpressureTimeout(true);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Flushes any buffered {@link PendingTransaction.batch} rows to the changeLog.\n   *\n   * Uses `json_to_recordset()` so the batch is a single JSON parameter: the\n   * statement text stays constant regardless of batch size, avoiding the\n   * unbounded prepared-statement variants (and Postgres memory growth) that a\n   * multi-row INSERT would produce. See rocicorp/mono#3511.\n   *\n   * Returns (and updates) {@link PendingTransaction.lastFlush}; a no-op when the\n   * batch is empty.\n   */\n  #flushChangeLog(tx: PendingTransaction): Promise<unknown> | undefined {\n    const {batch} = tx;\n    if (batch.length === 0) {\n      return tx.lastFlush;\n    }\n    tx.batch = [];\n    tx.lastFlush = tx.pool.process(sql => [\n      sql`\n        INSERT INTO ${this.#cdc('changeLog')} (\"watermark\", \"pos\", \"change\", \"precommit\")\n        SELECT \"watermark\", \"pos\", \"change\"::json, \"precommit\"\n          FROM json_to_recordset(${batch}) AS x(\n            \"watermark\" TEXT,\n            \"pos\" INT8,\n            \"change\" TEXT,\n            \"precommit\" TEXT\n          )`,\n    ]);\n    return tx.lastFlush;\n  }\n\n  #stopped = promiseVoid;\n\n  /**\n   * Runs the storer loop until {@link stop()} is called, or an error is thrown.\n   * Once {@link run()} completes, it can be called again.\n   */\n  async run() {\n    assert(!this.#running, `storer is already running`);\n\n    const {promise: stopped, resolve: signalStopped} = resolver();\n    this.#running = true;\n    this.#stopped = stopped;\n\n    this.#lc.info?.('starting storer');\n    let err: unknown;\n    try {\n      await this.#processQueue();\n    } catch (e) {\n      err = e; // used in finally\n      throw e;\n    } finally {\n      // Release any pending backpressure so the upstream can proceed\n      if (this.#readyForMore !== null) {\n        this.#readyForMore.resolve();\n        this.#readyForMore = null;\n      }\n      this.#resetBackpressureTimeout(false);\n      this.#cancelQueueEntries(\n        this.#queue.drain().filter(entry => entry !== undefined),\n        err,\n      );\n      this.#running = false;\n      signalStopped();\n      this.#lc.info?.('storer stopped');\n    }\n  }\n\n  #cancelQueueEntries(queue: QueueEntry[], e: unknown) {\n    if (queue.length === 0) {\n      return;\n    }\n    this.#lc.info?.(\n      `canceling ${queue.length} entries from the changeLog queue`,\n    );\n    const err = e instanceof Error ? e : new AbortError('server shutting down');\n    for (const entry of queue) {\n      if (entry === 'stop') {\n        continue;\n      }\n      const type = entry[0];\n      switch (type) {\n        case 'subscriber': {\n          // Disconnect subscribers waiting to be caught up so that they can\n          // reconnect and try again.\n          const {subscriber} = entry[1];\n          this.#lc.info?.(`disconnecting ${subscriber.id}`);\n          subscriber.fail(err);\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  async #processQueue() {\n    let tx: PendingTransaction | null = null;\n    let msg: QueueEntry | false;\n\n    const catchupQueue: SubscriberAndMode[] = [];\n    try {\n      while ((msg = await this.#queue.dequeue()) !== 'stop') {\n        const [msgType] = msg;\n        switch (msgType) {\n          case 'ready': {\n            const signalReady = msg[1];\n            signalReady();\n            continue;\n          }\n          case 'subscriber': {\n            const subscriber = msg[1];\n            if (tx) {\n              catchupQueue.push(subscriber); // Wait for the current tx to complete.\n            } else {\n              await this.#startCatchup([subscriber]); // Catch up immediately.\n            }\n            continue;\n          }\n          case 'status':\n            this.#onConsumed(msg);\n            continue;\n          case 'abort': {\n            if (tx) {\n              tx.pool.abort();\n              await tx.pool.done();\n              tx = null;\n            }\n            continue;\n          }\n        }\n        // msgType === 'change'\n        const [_, watermark, json, change] = msg;\n        const tag = change?.tag;\n        this.#approximateQueuedBytes -= json.length;\n\n        if (tag === 'begin') {\n          assert(!tx, 'received BEGIN in the middle of a transaction');\n          const {promise, resolve, reject} = resolver<ReplicationOwner>();\n          void promise.catch(() => {}); // handle rejections before the await\n          tx = {\n            pool: new TransactionPool(\n              this.#lc.withContext('watermark', watermark),\n              {\n                mode: Mode.READ_COMMITTED,\n                statementResponseTimeout: this.#statementTimeoutMs,\n              },\n            ),\n            preCommitWatermark: watermark,\n            pos: 0,\n            startingReplicationState: promise,\n            ack: !change.skipAck,\n            batch: [],\n            lastFlush: undefined,\n          };\n          tx.pool.run(this.#db);\n          // Acquire a lock on the replicationState row to detect and/or prevent\n          // a concurrent ownership change.\n          void tx.pool.process(tx => {\n            tx<ReplicationOwner[]> /*sql*/ `\n          SELECT \"owner\" FROM ${this.#cdc('replicationState')} FOR UPDATE`.then(\n              ([result]) => resolve(result),\n              reject,\n            );\n            return [];\n          });\n        } else {\n          assert(tx, () => `received change outside of transaction: ${json}`);\n          tx.pos++;\n        }\n\n        const entry: ChangeLogRow = {\n          watermark: tag === 'commit' ? watermark : tx.preCommitWatermark,\n          precommit: tag === 'commit' ? tx.preCommitWatermark : null,\n          pos: tx.pos,\n          // For backwards compatibility, only the change message is stored\n          // in the cdc changeLog.\n          change: extractChangeSubstring(json, tag),\n        };\n\n        if (change !== null && isSchemaChange(change)) {\n          // Schema changes carry backfill / table-metadata statements that\n          // must be applied in stream order relative to the changeLog rows.\n          // Flush any buffered rows first, then write this row together with\n          // its metadata statements as a single unit (preserving the previous\n          // per-change ordering for schema changes).\n          await this.#flushChangeLog(tx);\n          tx.lastFlush = tx.pool.process(sql => [\n            sql`INSERT INTO ${this.#cdc('changeLog')} ${sql(entry)}`,\n            ...this.#trackBackfillMetadata(sql, change),\n          ]);\n        } else {\n          // Accumulate plain changeLog rows (begin, data changes, commit) and\n          // write them as a single multi-row INSERT. Collapsing the per-change\n          // single-row INSERTs into batches is the dominant cost reduction for\n          // large transactions, where the previous one-statement-per-change\n          // path dominated the upstream replication lag.\n          tx.batch.push(entry);\n          if (tx.batch.length >= this.#changeLogBatchSize) {\n            // Bound pipeline depth (and thus memory) by awaiting the previous\n            // flush before issuing the next. This is the batched analog of the\n            // previous per-100-statement backpressure await, and likewise\n            // guards against memory blowup on very large transactions.\n            const prevFlush = tx.lastFlush;\n            void this.#flushChangeLog(tx);\n            await prevFlush;\n          }\n        }\n        this.#maybeReleaseBackPressure();\n\n        if (tag === 'commit') {\n          // Flush any remaining buffered changeLog rows (including this commit\n          // row) before updating the replication state, so the state update is\n          // ordered after all changeLog inserts for this transaction.\n          void this.#flushChangeLog(tx);\n\n          const {owner} = await tx.startingReplicationState;\n          if (owner !== this.#taskID) {\n            // Ownership change reflected in the replicationState read in 'begin'.\n            tx.pool.fail(\n              new AbortError(\n                `changeLog ownership has been assumed by ${owner}`,\n              ),\n            );\n          } else {\n            // Update the replication state.\n            const lastWatermark = watermark;\n            void tx.pool.process(tx => [\n              tx`\n            UPDATE ${this.#cdc('replicationState')} SET ${tx({lastWatermark})}`,\n            ]);\n            tx.pool.setDone();\n          }\n\n          await tx.pool.done();\n\n          // ACK the LSN to the upstream Postgres.\n          if (tx.ack) {\n            this.#onConsumed(['commit', change, {watermark}]);\n          }\n          tx = null;\n\n          // Before beginning the next transaction, open a READONLY snapshot to\n          // concurrently catchup any queued subscribers.\n          await this.#startCatchup(catchupQueue.splice(0));\n        } else if (tag === 'rollback') {\n          // Aborted transactions are not stored in the changeLog. Abort the current tx\n          // and process catchup of subscribers that were waiting for it to end.\n          tx.pool.abort();\n          await tx.pool.done();\n          tx = null;\n\n          await this.#startCatchup(catchupQueue.splice(0));\n        }\n      }\n    } catch (e) {\n      catchupQueue.forEach(({subscriber}) => subscriber.fail(e));\n      throw e;\n    }\n  }\n\n  async #startCatchup(subs: SubscriberAndMode[]) {\n    if (subs.length === 0) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    const reader = new TransactionPool(\n      this.#lc.withContext('pool', 'catchup'),\n      {mode: Mode.READONLY},\n    );\n    reader.run(this.#db);\n\n    let lastWatermark: string | undefined;\n    try {\n      // Ensure that the transaction has started (and is thus holding a snapshot\n      // of the database) before continuing on to commit more changes. This is\n      // done by performing a single read on the db, which determines the\n      // snapshot for the REPEATABLE_READ transaction.\n      [{lastWatermark}] = await reader.processReadTask(\n        sql => sql<{lastWatermark: string}[]>`\n        SELECT \"lastWatermark\" FROM ${this.#cdc('replicationState')}\n      `,\n      );\n    } catch (e) {\n      subs.map(({subscriber}) => subscriber.fail(e));\n      throw e;\n    }\n\n    // Run the actual catchup queries in the background. Errors are handled in\n    // #catchup() by disconnecting the associated subscriber.\n    void Promise.all(\n      subs.map(sub => this.#catchup(sub, lastWatermark, reader)),\n    ).finally(() => reader.setDone());\n  }\n\n  async #catchup(\n    {subscriber: sub, mode}: SubscriberAndMode,\n    lastWatermark: string,\n    reader: TransactionPool,\n  ) {\n    try {\n      await reader.processReadTask(async tx => {\n        const start = Date.now();\n\n        // When starting from initial-sync, there won't be a change with a watermark\n        // equal to the replica version. This is the empty changeLog scenario.\n        let watermarkFound = sub.watermark === this.#replicaVersion;\n        let count = 0;\n        let lastBatchConsumed: Promise<unknown> | undefined;\n\n        for await (const entries of tx<ChangeLogEntry[]> /*sql*/ `\n          SELECT watermark, change->'tag' as tag, change::text FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')}\n           WHERE watermark >= ${sub.watermark}\n             AND watermark <= ${lastWatermark}\n           ORDER BY watermark, pos`.cursor(2000)) {\n          // Wait for the last batch of entries to be consumed by the\n          // subscriber before sending down the current batch. This pipelining\n          // allows one batch of changes to be received from the change-db\n          // while the previous batch of changes are sent to the subscriber,\n          // resulting in flow control that caps the number of changes\n          // referenced in memory to 2 * batch-size.\n          const start = performance.now();\n          await lastBatchConsumed;\n          const elapsed = performance.now() - start;\n          if (lastBatchConsumed) {\n            this.#lc[elapsed > 100 ? 'info' : 'debug']?.(\n              `waited ${elapsed.toFixed(3)} ms for ${sub.id} to consume last batch of catchup entries`,\n            );\n          }\n\n          for (const entry of entries) {\n            if (entry.watermark === sub.watermark) {\n              // This should be the first entry.\n              // Catchup starts from *after* the watermark.\n              watermarkFound = true;\n            } else if (watermarkFound) {\n              lastBatchConsumed = sub.catchup(toDownstream(entry));\n              count++;\n            } else if (mode === 'backup') {\n              throw new AutoResetSignal(\n                `backup replica at watermark ${sub.watermark} is behind change db: ${entry.watermark})`,\n              );\n            } else {\n              this.#lc.warn?.(\n                `rejecting subscriber at watermark ${sub.watermark} (earliest watermark: ${entry.watermark})`,\n              );\n              sub.close(\n                ErrorType.WatermarkTooOld,\n                `earliest supported watermark is ${entry.watermark} (requested ${sub.watermark})`,\n              );\n              return;\n            }\n          }\n        }\n        if (watermarkFound) {\n          await lastBatchConsumed;\n          this.#lc.info?.(\n            `caught up ${sub.id} with ${count} changes (${\n              Date.now() - start\n            } ms)`,\n          );\n        } else {\n          // The subscriber is ahead of the latest durable changeLog entry\n          // (lastWatermark). This can legitimately happen: changes are\n          // forwarded to subscribers (the backup replica and view-syncers)\n          // concurrently with — and can outrun — the durable store, so a\n          // replica may briefly lead the change DB after the storer falls\n          // behind or the change-streamer restarts. No catchup is possible or\n          // needed; once the change DB catches back up, forwarding resumes and\n          // the subscriber dedups any watermarks it already has. Unlike the\n          // AutoResetSignal / WatermarkTooOld cases above, this is not a gap in\n          // replication history, so the subscriber is simply marked caught up.\n          this.#lc.warn?.(\n            `subscriber ${sub.id} at watermark ${sub.watermark} is ahead of ` +\n              `the latest durable watermark ${lastWatermark}; waiting for the ` +\n              `change DB to catch up`,\n          );\n        }\n        // Start draining messages buffered during catchup. The returned promise\n        // is intentionally not awaited here: while the drain is in progress,\n        // new sends keep appending to the subscriber backlog and inherit its\n        // byte-based backpressure.\n        void sub.setCaughtUp();\n      });\n    } catch (err) {\n      this.#lc.error?.(`error while catching up subscriber ${sub.id}`, err);\n      if (err instanceof AutoResetSignal) {\n        await markResetRequired(this.#db, this.#shard);\n        this.#onFatal(err);\n      }\n      sub.fail(err);\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Returns the db statements necessary to track backfill and table metadata\n   * presented in the `change`, if any.\n   */\n  #trackBackfillMetadata(sql: PostgresTransaction, change: SchemaChange) {\n    const stmts: PendingQuery<Row[]>[] = [];\n\n    switch (change.tag) {\n      case 'update-table-metadata': {\n        const {table, new: metadata} = change;\n        stmts.push(this.#upsertTableMetadataStmt(sql, table, metadata));\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'create-table': {\n        const {spec, metadata, backfill} = change;\n        if (metadata) {\n          stmts.push(this.#upsertTableMetadataStmt(sql, spec, metadata));\n        }\n        if (backfill) {\n          Object.entries(backfill).forEach(([col, backfill]) => {\n            stmts.push(\n              this.#upsertColumnBackfillStmt(sql, spec, col, backfill),\n            );\n          });\n        }\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'rename-table': {\n        const {old} = change;\n        const row = {schema: change.new.schema, table: change.new.name};\n        stmts.push(\n          sql`UPDATE ${this.#cdc('tableMetadata')} SET ${sql(row)}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${old.schema} AND \"table\" = ${old.name}`,\n          sql`UPDATE ${this.#cdc('backfilling')} SET ${sql(row)}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${old.schema} AND \"table\" = ${old.name}`,\n        );\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'drop-table': {\n        const {\n          id: {schema, name},\n        } = change;\n        stmts.push(\n          sql`DELETE FROM ${this.#cdc('tableMetadata')}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${schema} AND \"table\" = ${name}`,\n          sql`DELETE FROM ${this.#cdc('backfilling')}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${schema} AND \"table\" = ${name}`,\n        );\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'add-column': {\n        const {table, tableMetadata, column, backfill} = change;\n        if (tableMetadata) {\n          stmts.push(this.#upsertTableMetadataStmt(sql, table, tableMetadata));\n        }\n        if (backfill) {\n          stmts.push(\n            this.#upsertColumnBackfillStmt(sql, table, column.name, backfill),\n          );\n        }\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'update-column': {\n        const {\n          table: {schema, name: table},\n          old: {name: oldName},\n          new: {name: newName},\n        } = change;\n        if (oldName !== newName) {\n          stmts.push(\n            sql`UPDATE ${this.#cdc('backfilling')} SET \"column\" = ${newName}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${schema} AND \"table\" = ${table} AND \"column\" = ${oldName}`,\n          );\n        }\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'drop-column': {\n        const {\n          table: {schema, name},\n          column,\n        } = change;\n        stmts.push(\n          sql`DELETE FROM ${this.#cdc('backfilling')}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${schema} AND \"table\" = ${name} AND \"column\" = ${column}`,\n        );\n        break;\n      }\n\n      case 'backfill-completed': {\n        const {\n          relation: {schema, name: table, rowKey},\n          columns,\n        } = change;\n        const cols = [...rowKey.columns, ...columns];\n        stmts.push(\n          sql`DELETE FROM ${this.#cdc('backfilling')}\n                WHERE \"schema\" = ${schema} AND \"table\" = ${table} AND \"column\" IN ${sql(cols)}`,\n        );\n      }\n    }\n    return stmts;\n  }\n\n  #upsertTableMetadataStmt(\n    sql: PostgresTransaction,\n    {schema, name: table}: Identifier,\n    metadata: TableMetadata,\n  ) {\n    const row: TableMetadataRow = {schema, table, metadata};\n    return sql`\n        INSERT INTO ${this.#cdc('tableMetadata')} ${sql(row)}\n          ON CONFLICT (\"schema\", \"table\") \n          DO UPDATE SET ${sql(row)};\n    `;\n  }\n\n  #upsertColumnBackfillStmt(\n    sql: PostgresTransaction,\n    {schema, name: table}: Identifier,\n    column: string,\n    backfill: BackfillID,\n  ) {\n    const row: BackfillingColumn = {schema, table, column, backfill};\n    return sql`\n        INSERT INTO ${this.#cdc('backfilling')} ${sql(row)}\n          ON CONFLICT (\"schema\", \"table\", \"column\") \n          DO UPDATE SET ${sql(row)};\n    `;\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Waits until all currently queued entries have been processed.\n   * This is only used in tests.\n   */\n  async allProcessed() {\n    if (this.#running) {\n      const {promise, resolve} = resolver();\n      this.#queue.enqueue(['ready', resolve]);\n      await promise;\n    }\n  }\n\n  /**\n   * Stops the storer and waits up to a drain timeout for entries to drain,\n   * throwing an exception if it doesn't drain in time, in order to abort\n   * the server when PG (or the connection to it) appears to be wedged.\n   */\n  async stop() {\n    if (this.#running) {\n      this.#lc.info?.(`draining ${this.#queue.size()} changeLog entries`);\n      this.#queue.enqueue('stop');\n    }\n    if (\n      (await orTimeout(this.#stopped, this.#drainTimeoutMs)) === 'timed-out'\n    ) {\n      throw new AbortError(\n        `changeLog did not drain within ${this.#drainTimeoutMs}ms`,\n      );\n    }\n  }\n}\n\n/**\n * Extracts the stringified change message from the stringified\n * stream message (e.g. the second tuple element). This optimization\n * facilitates stringifying (and sharing the result of) the stream\n * message exactly once, but storing only the change message substring\n * in the changeLog for backwards compatibility.\n */\nexport function extractChangeSubstring(\n  streamMessageJSON: string,\n  tag: Change['tag'] | undefined,\n) {\n  switch (tag) {\n    case 'begin':\n    case 'commit':\n      // e.g.\n      // [\"begin\",<message-json>,{\"commitWatermark\":\"92fj2d0s\"}]\n      // [\"commit\",<message-json>,{\"watermark\":\"92fj2d0s\"}]\n      return streamMessageJSON.substring(\n        streamMessageJSON.indexOf(',') + 1,\n        streamMessageJSON.lastIndexOf(','),\n      );\n    default:\n      // [\"data\",<message-json>]\n      return streamMessageJSON.substring(\n        streamMessageJSON.indexOf(',') + 1,\n        streamMessageJSON.lastIndexOf(']'),\n      );\n  }\n}\n\ntype ChangeLogEntry = {\n  watermark: string;\n  tag: string;\n  change: string;\n};\n\nfunction toDownstream(entry: ChangeLogEntry): WatermarkedChange {\n  const {watermark, change} = entry;\n  const tag = entry.tag as ChangeTag;\n  switch (tag) {\n    case 'begin':\n      return [\n        watermark,\n        tag,\n        `[\"begin\",${change},{\"commitWatermark\":\"${watermark}\"}]`,\n      ];\n    case 'commit':\n      return [\n        watermark,\n        tag,\n        `[\"commit\",${change},{\"watermark\":\"${watermark}\"}]`,\n      ];\n    case 'rollback':\n      return [watermark, tag, `[\"rollback\",${change}]`];\n    default:\n      return [watermark, tag, `[\"data\",${change}]`];\n  }\n}\n\nexport class PurgeLock {\n  readonly #lc: LogContext;\n  readonly #tx: TransactionPool;\n  readonly replicaVersion: string;\n  readonly minWatermark: string;\n\n  constructor(\n    lc: LogContext,\n    tx: TransactionPool,\n    replicaVersion: string,\n    watermark: string,\n  ) {\n    this.#lc = lc;\n    this.#tx = tx;\n    this.replicaVersion = replicaVersion;\n    this.minWatermark = watermark;\n  }\n\n  #released = false;\n\n  async release() {\n    if (this.#released) {\n      return;\n    }\n    this.#released = true;\n    this.#tx.setDone();\n    await this.#tx\n      .done()\n      .catch(e => this.#lc.warn?.(`error from purge-lock release`, e));\n    this.#lc.info?.(`released purge lock on ${this.minWatermark}`);\n  }\n}\n\nexport class PurgeLocker {\n  readonly #lc: LogContext;\n  readonly #shard: ShardID;\n  readonly #db: PostgresDB;\n\n  constructor(lc: LogContext, shard: ShardID, db: PostgresDB) {\n    this.#lc = lc.withContext('component', 'purge-locker');\n    this.#shard = shard;\n    this.#db = db;\n  }\n\n  // For readability in SQL statements.\n  #cdc(table: string) {\n    return this.#db(`${cdcSchema(this.#shard)}.${table}`);\n  }\n\n  async acquire() {\n    const tx = new TransactionPool(this.#lc, {mode: Mode.READ_COMMITTED}).run(\n      this.#db,\n    );\n    const row = await tx.processReadTask(\n      sql => sql<{watermark: string}[]>`\n      SELECT watermark FROM ${this.#cdc('changeLog')}\n        ORDER BY watermark, pos LIMIT 1\n        FOR SHARE \n    `,\n    );\n    if (row.length === 0) {\n      this.#lc.info?.(`changeLog is empty. No rows to purge-lock.`);\n      tx.setDone();\n      await tx.done();\n      return null;\n    }\n    const [{watermark}] = row;\n    const [{replicaVersion}] = await tx.processReadTask(\n      sql => sql<{replicaVersion: string}[]>`\n        SELECT \"replicaVersion\" FROM ${this.#cdc('replicationConfig')}\n      `,\n    );\n    this.#lc.info?.(\n      `locked watermark ${watermark} from being purged from replica@${replicaVersion}`,\n    );\n    return new PurgeLock(this.#lc, tx, replicaVersion, watermark);\n  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package/out/zero-cache/src/services/litestream/commands.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"commands.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../zero-cache/src/services/litestream/commands.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA,OAAO,KAAK,EAAC,YAAY,EAAC,MAAM,oBAAoB,CAAC;AAGrD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAC,UAAU,EAAW,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAM3D,OAAO,KAAK,EAAC,UAAU,EAAC,MAAM,6BAA6B,CAAC;AAkC5D,KAAK,kBAAkB,GAAG;IACxB,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACvB,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;CACtB,CAAC;AAUF,qBAAa,uBAAwB,SAAQ,KAAK;IAChD,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,6BAA6B;gBAErC,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,SAAS;CAG1C;AAED;;;;;GAKG;AACH,wBAAsB,cAAc,CAClC,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,MAAM,EAAE,UAAU,EAClB,kBAAkB,EAAE,kBAAkB,GAAG,IAAI,iBA+C9C;AAiPD,wBAAgB,yBAAyB,CACvC,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,MAAM,EAAE,UAAU,GACjB,YAAY,CAuCd;AAQD;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAaG;AACH,wBAAsB,iBAAiB,CACrC,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,MAAM,EAAE,UAAU,GACjB,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAgBf;AA6DD;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,wBAAgB,uBAAuB,CACrC,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,OAAO,EAAE,WAAW,GAAG,KAAK,EAC5B,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,GACb,IAAI,EAAE,CAoBR"}
+{"version":3,"file":"commands.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../../../../zero-cache/src/services/litestream/commands.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":"AAAA,OAAO,KAAK,EAAC,YAAY,EAAC,MAAM,oBAAoB,CAAC;AAGrD,OAAO,KAAK,EAAC,UAAU,EAAW,MAAM,kBAAkB,CAAC;AAM3D,OAAO,KAAK,EAAC,UAAU,EAAC,MAAM,6BAA6B,CAAC;AAsC5D,KAAK,kBAAkB,GAAG;IACxB,cAAc,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;IACvB,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,CAAC;CACtB,CAAC;AAUF,qBAAa,uBAAwB,SAAQ,KAAK;IAChD,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAAC,IAAI,6BAA6B;gBAErC,SAAS,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,SAAS;CAG1C;AAED;;;;;GAKG;AACH,wBAAsB,cAAc,CAClC,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,MAAM,EAAE,UAAU,EAClB,kBAAkB,EAAE,kBAAkB,GAAG,IAAI,iBA+D9C;AAsPD,wBAAgB,yBAAyB,CACvC,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,MAAM,EAAE,UAAU,GACjB,YAAY,CAuCd;AAQD;;;;;;;;;;;;;GAaG;AACH,wBAAsB,iBAAiB,CACrC,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,MAAM,EAAE,UAAU,GACjB,OAAO,CAAC,IAAI,CAAC,CAgBf;AA6DD;;;;;;GAMG;AACH,wBAAgB,uBAAuB,CACrC,EAAE,EAAE,UAAU,EACd,OAAO,EAAE,WAAW,GAAG,KAAK,EAC5B,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,GACb,IAAI,EAAE,CAoBR"}

package/out/zero-cache/src/services/litestream/commands.js

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import { spawn } from "node:child_process";
 import { existsSync, statSync } from "node:fs";
 //#region ../zero-cache/src/services/litestream/commands.ts
 var RETRY_INTERVAL_MS = 3e3;
+var MAX_RESTORE_ATTEMPTS = 3;
+var RESTORE_RETRY_DELAY_MS = 5e3;
 var BackupNotFoundException = class extends Error {
 	static name = "BackupNotFoundException";
 	constructor(backupURL) {
@@ -32,8 +34,16 @@ async function restoreReplica(lc, config, replicaConstraints) {
 	let backupURL = config.litestream.backupURL;
 	let result;
 	try {
-		for (;;) {
-			const attempt = await tryRestore(lc, config, replicaConstraints, role);
+		for (let attemptNum = 1;; attemptNum++) {
+			let attempt;
+			try {
+				attempt = await tryRestore(lc, config, replicaConstraints, role);
+			} catch (e) {
+				if (!replicaConstraints || attemptNum === MAX_RESTORE_ATTEMPTS) throw e;
+				lc.warn?.(`litestream restore attempt ${attemptNum} failed; retrying in ${RESTORE_RETRY_DELAY_MS}ms (attempt ${attemptNum + 1} of ${MAX_RESTORE_ATTEMPTS})`, e);
+				await sleep(RESTORE_RETRY_DELAY_MS);
+				continue;
+			}
 			backupURL = attempt.backupURL;
 			if (attempt.restored) {
 				result = attempt.result;
@@ -146,7 +156,8 @@ async function tryRestore(lc, config, replicaConstraints, role) {
 				...attrs,
 				result: "error"
 			});
-			throw e;
+			const output = [stdout, stderr].map((value) => value.trim()).filter(Boolean).join("\n");
+			throw new Error(output ? `${String(e)}\n${output}` : String(e), { cause: e });
 		}
 		if (!existsSync(config.replica.file)) {
 			result = "no_backup";