@rocicorp/zero 1.5.0-canary.3 → 1.6.0-canary.0

package/out/zql/src/builder/builder.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"builder.js","names":[],"sources":["../../../../../zql/src/builder/builder.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import type {LogContext} from '@rocicorp/logger';\nimport {assert, unreachable} from '../../../shared/src/asserts.ts';\nimport type {JSONValue} from '../../../shared/src/json.ts';\nimport {must} from '../../../shared/src/must.ts';\nimport type {\n  AST,\n  ColumnReference,\n  CompoundKey,\n  Condition,\n  Conjunction,\n  CorrelatedSubquery,\n  CorrelatedSubqueryCondition,\n  Disjunction,\n  LiteralValue,\n  Ordering,\n  Parameter,\n  SimpleCondition,\n  ValuePosition,\n} from '../../../zero-protocol/src/ast.ts';\nimport type {Row} from '../../../zero-protocol/src/data.ts';\nimport type {PrimaryKey} from '../../../zero-protocol/src/primary-key.ts';\nimport {Exists} from '../ivm/exists.ts';\nimport {FanIn} from '../ivm/fan-in.ts';\nimport {FanOut} from '../ivm/fan-out.ts';\nimport {\n  buildFilterPipeline,\n  type FilterInput,\n} from '../ivm/filter-operators.ts';\nimport {Filter} from '../ivm/filter.ts';\nimport {FlippedJoin} from '../ivm/flipped-join.ts';\nimport {Join} from '../ivm/join.ts';\nimport type {Input, InputBase, Storage} from '../ivm/operator.ts';\nimport {Skip} from '../ivm/skip.ts';\nimport type {Source, SourceInput} from '../ivm/source.ts';\nimport {Take} from '../ivm/take.ts';\nimport {UnionFanIn} from '../ivm/union-fan-in.ts';\nimport {UnionFanOut} from '../ivm/union-fan-out.ts';\nimport {planQuery} from '../planner/planner-builder.ts';\nimport type {ConnectionCostModel} from '../planner/planner-connection.ts';\nimport type {PlanDebugger} from '../planner/planner-debug.ts';\nimport {completeOrdering} from '../query/complete-ordering.ts';\nimport type {DebugDelegate} from './debug-delegate.ts';\nimport {createPredicate, type NoSubqueryCondition} from './filter.ts';\n\nexport type StaticQueryParameters = {\n  authData: Record<string, JSONValue>;\n  preMutationRow?: Row | undefined;\n};\n\n/**\n * Interface required of caller to buildPipeline. Connects to constructed\n * pipeline to delegate environment to provide sources and storage.\n */\nexport interface BuilderDelegate {\n  readonly applyFiltersAnyway?: boolean | undefined;\n  debug?: DebugDelegate | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * When true, allows NOT EXISTS conditions in queries.\n   * Defaults to false.\n   *\n   * We only set this to true on the server.\n   * The client-side query engine cannot support NOT EXISTS because:\n   * 1. Zero only syncs a subset of data to the client\n   * 2. On the client, we can't distinguish between a row not existing vs.\n   *    a row not being synced to the client\n   * 3. NOT EXISTS requires complete knowledge of what doesn't exist\n   */\n  readonly enableNotExists?: boolean | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Called once for each source needed by the AST.\n   * Might be called multiple times with same tableName. It is OK to return\n   * same storage instance in that case.\n   */\n  getSource(tableName: string): Source | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Called once for each operator that requires storage. Should return a new\n   * unique storage object for each call.\n   */\n  createStorage(name: string): Storage;\n\n  decorateInput(input: Input, name: string): Input;\n\n  addEdge(source: InputBase, dest: InputBase): void;\n\n  decorateFilterInput(input: FilterInput, name: string): FilterInput;\n\n  decorateSourceInput(input: SourceInput, queryID: string): Input;\n\n  /**\n   * The AST is mapped on-the-wire between client and server names.\n   *\n   * There is no \"wire\" for zqlite tests so this function is provided\n   * to allow tests to remap the AST.\n   */\n  mapAst?: ((ast: AST) => AST) | undefined;\n}\n\n/**\n * Builds a pipeline from an AST. Caller must provide a delegate to create source\n * and storage interfaces as necessary.\n *\n * Usage:\n *\n * ```ts\n * class MySink implements Output {\n *   readonly #input: Input;\n *\n *   constructor(input: Input) {\n *     this.#input = input;\n *     input.setOutput(this);\n *   }\n *\n *   push(change: Change, _: Operator) {\n *     console.log(change);\n *   }\n * }\n *\n * const input = buildPipeline(ast, myDelegate, hash(ast));\n * const sink = new MySink(input);\n * ```\n */\nexport function buildPipeline(\n  ast: AST,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  queryID: string,\n  costModel?: ConnectionCostModel,\n  lc?: LogContext,\n  planDebugger?: PlanDebugger,\n): Input {\n  ast = delegate.mapAst ? delegate.mapAst(ast) : ast;\n  ast = completeOrdering(\n    ast,\n    tableName => must(delegate.getSource(tableName)).tableSchema.primaryKey,\n  );\n\n  if (costModel) {\n    ast = planQuery(ast, costModel, planDebugger, lc);\n  }\n  return buildPipelineInternal(ast, delegate, queryID, '');\n}\n\nexport function bindStaticParameters(\n  ast: AST,\n  staticQueryParameters: StaticQueryParameters | undefined,\n) {\n  const visit = (node: AST): AST => ({\n    ...node,\n    where: node.where ? bindCondition(node.where) : undefined,\n    related: node.related?.map(sq => ({\n      ...sq,\n      subquery: visit(sq.subquery),\n    })),\n  });\n\n  function bindCondition(condition: Condition): Condition {\n    if (condition.type === 'simple') {\n      return {\n        ...condition,\n        left: bindValue(condition.left),\n        right: bindValue(condition.right) as Exclude<\n          ValuePosition,\n          ColumnReference\n        >,\n      };\n    }\n    if (condition.type === 'correlatedSubquery') {\n      return {\n        ...condition,\n        related: {\n          ...condition.related,\n          subquery: visit(condition.related.subquery),\n        },\n      };\n    }\n\n    return {\n      ...condition,\n      conditions: condition.conditions.map(bindCondition),\n    };\n  }\n\n  const bindValue = (value: ValuePosition): ValuePosition => {\n    if (isParameter(value)) {\n      const anchor = must(\n        staticQueryParameters,\n        'Static query params do not exist',\n      )[value.anchor];\n      const resolvedValue = resolveField(anchor, value.field);\n      return {\n        type: 'literal',\n        value: resolvedValue as LiteralValue,\n      };\n    }\n    return value;\n  };\n\n  return visit(ast);\n}\n\nfunction resolveField(\n  anchor: Record<string, JSONValue> | Row | undefined,\n  field: string | string[],\n): unknown {\n  if (anchor === undefined) {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(field)) {\n    // oxlint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any\n    return field.reduce((acc, f) => (acc as any)?.[f], anchor) ?? null;\n  }\n\n  return anchor[field] ?? null;\n}\n\nfunction isParameter(value: ValuePosition): value is Parameter {\n  return value.type === 'static';\n}\n\nconst EXISTS_LIMIT = 3;\nconst PERMISSIONS_EXISTS_LIMIT = 1;\n\n/**\n * Checks if a condition tree contains any NOT EXISTS operations.\n * Recursively checks AND/OR branches but does not recurse into nested subqueries\n * (those are checked when buildPipelineInternal processes them).\n */\nexport function assertNoNotExists(condition: Condition): void {\n  switch (condition.type) {\n    case 'simple':\n      return;\n\n    case 'correlatedSubquery':\n      if (condition.op === 'NOT EXISTS') {\n        throw new Error(\n          'not(exists()) is not supported on the client - see https://bugs.rocicorp.dev/issue/3438',\n        );\n      }\n      return;\n\n    case 'and':\n    case 'or':\n      for (const c of condition.conditions) {\n        assertNoNotExists(c);\n      }\n      return;\n    default:\n      unreachable(condition);\n  }\n}\n\nfunction buildPipelineInternal(\n  ast: AST,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  queryID: string,\n  name: string,\n  partitionKey?: CompoundKey,\n): Input {\n  const source = delegate.getSource(ast.table);\n  if (!source) {\n    throw new Error(`Source not found: ${ast.table}`);\n  }\n\n  ast = uniquifyCorrelatedSubqueryConditionAliases(ast);\n\n  if (!delegate.enableNotExists && ast.where) {\n    assertNoNotExists(ast.where);\n  }\n\n  const csqConditions = gatherCorrelatedSubqueryQueryConditions(ast.where);\n  const splitEditKeys: Set<string> = partitionKey\n    ? new Set(partitionKey)\n    : new Set();\n  const aliases = new Set<string>();\n  for (const csq of csqConditions) {\n    aliases.add(csq.related.subquery.alias || '');\n    for (const key of csq.related.correlation.parentField) {\n      splitEditKeys.add(key);\n    }\n  }\n  if (ast.related) {\n    for (const csq of ast.related) {\n      for (const key of csq.correlation.parentField) {\n        splitEditKeys.add(key);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  const conn = source.connect(\n    must(ast.orderBy),\n    ast.where,\n    splitEditKeys,\n    delegate.debug,\n  );\n\n  let end: Input = delegate.decorateSourceInput(conn, queryID);\n  end = delegate.decorateInput(end, `${name}:source(${ast.table})`);\n  const {fullyAppliedFilters} = conn;\n\n  if (ast.start) {\n    const skip = new Skip(end, ast.start);\n    delegate.addEdge(end, skip);\n    end = delegate.decorateInput(skip, `${name}:skip)`);\n  }\n\n  for (const csqCondition of csqConditions) {\n    // flipped EXISTS are handled in applyWhere\n    if (!csqCondition.flip) {\n      end = applyCorrelatedSubQuery(\n        {\n          ...csqCondition.related,\n          subquery: {\n            ...csqCondition.related.subquery,\n            limit:\n              csqCondition.related.system === 'permissions'\n                ? PERMISSIONS_EXISTS_LIMIT\n                : EXISTS_LIMIT,\n          },\n        },\n        delegate,\n        queryID,\n        end,\n        name,\n        true,\n      );\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (ast.where && (!fullyAppliedFilters || delegate.applyFiltersAnyway)) {\n    end = applyWhere(end, ast.where, delegate, name);\n  }\n\n  if (ast.limit !== undefined) {\n    const takeName = `${name}:take`;\n    const take = new Take(\n      end,\n      delegate.createStorage(takeName),\n      ast.limit,\n      partitionKey,\n    );\n    delegate.addEdge(end, take);\n    end = delegate.decorateInput(take, takeName);\n  }\n\n  if (ast.related) {\n    // Dedupe by alias - last one wins (LWW), like limit(5).limit(10)\n    const byAlias = new Map<string, CorrelatedSubquery>();\n    for (const csq of ast.related) {\n      byAlias.set(csq.subquery.alias ?? '', csq);\n    }\n    for (const csq of byAlias.values()) {\n      end = applyCorrelatedSubQuery(csq, delegate, queryID, end, name, false);\n    }\n  }\n\n  return end;\n}\n\nfunction applyWhere(\n  input: Input,\n  condition: Condition,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): Input {\n  if (!conditionIncludesFlippedSubqueryAtAnyLevel(condition)) {\n    return buildFilterPipeline(input, delegate, filterInput =>\n      applyFilter(filterInput, condition, delegate, name),\n    );\n  }\n\n  return applyFilterWithFlips(input, condition, delegate, name);\n}\n\nfunction applyFilterWithFlips(\n  input: Input,\n  condition: Condition,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): Input {\n  let end = input;\n  assert(condition.type !== 'simple', 'Simple conditions cannot have flips');\n\n  switch (condition.type) {\n    case 'and': {\n      const [withFlipped, withoutFlipped] = partitionBranches(\n        condition.conditions,\n        conditionIncludesFlippedSubqueryAtAnyLevel,\n      );\n      if (withoutFlipped.length > 0) {\n        end = buildFilterPipeline(input, delegate, filterInput =>\n          applyAnd(\n            filterInput,\n            {\n              type: 'and',\n              conditions: withoutFlipped,\n            },\n            delegate,\n            name,\n          ),\n        );\n      }\n      assert(withFlipped.length > 0, 'Impossible to have no flips here');\n      for (const cond of withFlipped) {\n        end = applyFilterWithFlips(end, cond, delegate, name);\n      }\n      break;\n    }\n    case 'or': {\n      const [withFlipped, withoutFlipped] = partitionBranches(\n        condition.conditions,\n        conditionIncludesFlippedSubqueryAtAnyLevel,\n      );\n      assert(withFlipped.length > 0, 'Impossible to have no flips here');\n\n      const ufo = new UnionFanOut(end);\n      delegate.addEdge(end, ufo);\n      end = delegate.decorateInput(ufo, `${name}:ufo`);\n\n      const branches: Input[] = [];\n      if (withoutFlipped.length > 0) {\n        branches.push(\n          buildFilterPipeline(end, delegate, filterInput =>\n            applyOr(\n              filterInput,\n              {\n                type: 'or',\n                conditions: withoutFlipped,\n              },\n              delegate,\n              name,\n            ),\n          ),\n        );\n      }\n\n      for (const cond of withFlipped) {\n        branches.push(applyFilterWithFlips(end, cond, delegate, name));\n      }\n\n      const ufi = new UnionFanIn(ufo, branches);\n      for (const branch of branches) {\n        delegate.addEdge(branch, ufi);\n      }\n      end = delegate.decorateInput(ufi, `${name}:ufi`);\n\n      break;\n    }\n    case 'correlatedSubquery': {\n      const sq = condition.related;\n      const child = buildPipelineInternal(\n        sq.subquery,\n        delegate,\n        '',\n        `${name}.${sq.subquery.alias}`,\n        sq.correlation.childField,\n      );\n      const flippedJoin = new FlippedJoin({\n        parent: end,\n        child,\n        parentKey: sq.correlation.parentField,\n        childKey: sq.correlation.childField,\n        relationshipName: must(\n          sq.subquery.alias,\n          'Subquery must have an alias',\n        ),\n        hidden: sq.hidden ?? false,\n        system: sq.system ?? 'client',\n      });\n      delegate.addEdge(end, flippedJoin);\n      delegate.addEdge(child, flippedJoin);\n      end = delegate.decorateInput(\n        flippedJoin,\n        `${name}:flipped-join(${sq.subquery.alias})`,\n      );\n      break;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return end;\n}\n\nfunction applyFilter(\n  input: FilterInput,\n  condition: Condition,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): FilterInput {\n  switch (condition.type) {\n    case 'and':\n      return applyAnd(input, condition, delegate, name);\n    case 'or':\n      return applyOr(input, condition, delegate, name);\n    case 'correlatedSubquery':\n      return applyCorrelatedSubqueryCondition(input, condition, delegate, name);\n    case 'simple':\n      return applySimpleCondition(input, delegate, condition);\n  }\n}\n\nfunction applyAnd(\n  input: FilterInput,\n  condition: Conjunction,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): FilterInput {\n  for (const subCondition of condition.conditions) {\n    input = applyFilter(input, subCondition, delegate, name);\n  }\n  return input;\n}\n\nexport function applyOr(\n  input: FilterInput,\n  condition: Disjunction,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): FilterInput {\n  const [subqueryConditions, otherConditions] =\n    groupSubqueryConditions(condition);\n  // if there are no subquery conditions, no fan-in / fan-out is needed\n  if (subqueryConditions.length === 0) {\n    const filter = new Filter(\n      input,\n      createPredicate({\n        type: 'or',\n        conditions: otherConditions,\n      }),\n    );\n    delegate.addEdge(input, filter);\n    return filter;\n  }\n\n  const fanOut = new FanOut(input);\n  delegate.addEdge(input, fanOut);\n  const branches = subqueryConditions.map(subCondition =>\n    applyFilter(fanOut, subCondition, delegate, name),\n  );\n  if (otherConditions.length > 0) {\n    const filter = new Filter(\n      fanOut,\n      createPredicate({\n        type: 'or',\n        conditions: otherConditions,\n      }),\n    );\n    delegate.addEdge(fanOut, filter);\n    branches.push(filter);\n  }\n  const ret = new FanIn(fanOut, branches);\n  for (const branch of branches) {\n    delegate.addEdge(branch, ret);\n  }\n  fanOut.setFanIn(ret);\n  return ret;\n}\n\nexport function groupSubqueryConditions(condition: Disjunction) {\n  const partitioned: [\n    subqueryConditions: Condition[],\n    otherConditions: NoSubqueryCondition[],\n  ] = [[], []];\n  for (const subCondition of condition.conditions) {\n    if (isNotAndDoesNotContainSubquery(subCondition)) {\n      partitioned[1].push(subCondition);\n    } else {\n      partitioned[0].push(subCondition);\n    }\n  }\n  return partitioned;\n}\n\nexport function isNotAndDoesNotContainSubquery(\n  condition: Condition,\n): condition is NoSubqueryCondition {\n  if (condition.type === 'correlatedSubquery') {\n    return false;\n  }\n  if (condition.type === 'simple') {\n    return true;\n  }\n  return condition.conditions.every(isNotAndDoesNotContainSubquery);\n}\n\nfunction applySimpleCondition(\n  input: FilterInput,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  condition: SimpleCondition,\n): FilterInput {\n  const filter = new Filter(input, createPredicate(condition));\n  delegate.decorateFilterInput(\n    filter,\n    `${valuePosName(condition.left)}:${condition.op}:${valuePosName(condition.right)}`,\n  );\n  delegate.addEdge(input, filter);\n  return filter;\n}\n\nfunction valuePosName(left: ValuePosition) {\n  switch (left.type) {\n    case 'static':\n      return left.field;\n    case 'literal':\n      return left.value;\n    case 'column':\n      return left.name;\n  }\n}\n\nfunction applyCorrelatedSubQuery(\n  sq: CorrelatedSubquery,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  queryID: string,\n  end: Input,\n  name: string,\n  fromCondition: boolean,\n) {\n  // TODO: we only omit the join if the CSQ if from a condition since\n  // we want to create an empty array for `related` fields that are `limit(0)`\n  if (sq.subquery.limit === 0 && fromCondition) {\n    return end;\n  }\n\n  assert(sq.subquery.alias, 'Subquery must have an alias');\n  const child = buildPipelineInternal(\n    sq.subquery,\n    delegate,\n    queryID,\n    `${name}.${sq.subquery.alias}`,\n    sq.correlation.childField,\n  );\n\n  const joinName = `${name}:join(${sq.subquery.alias})`;\n  const join = new Join({\n    parent: end,\n    child,\n    parentKey: sq.correlation.parentField,\n    childKey: sq.correlation.childField,\n    relationshipName: sq.subquery.alias,\n    hidden: sq.hidden ?? false,\n    system: sq.system ?? 'client',\n  });\n  delegate.addEdge(end, join);\n  delegate.addEdge(child, join);\n  return delegate.decorateInput(join, joinName);\n}\n\nfunction applyCorrelatedSubqueryCondition(\n  input: FilterInput,\n  condition: CorrelatedSubqueryCondition,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): FilterInput {\n  assert(\n    condition.op === 'EXISTS' || condition.op === 'NOT EXISTS',\n    'Expected EXISTS or NOT EXISTS operator',\n  );\n  if (condition.related.subquery.limit === 0) {\n    if (condition.op === 'EXISTS') {\n      const filter = new Filter(input, () => false);\n      delegate.addEdge(input, filter);\n      return filter;\n    }\n    const filter = new Filter(input, () => true);\n    delegate.addEdge(input, filter);\n    return filter;\n  }\n  const existsName = `${name}:exists(${condition.related.subquery.alias})`;\n  const exists = new Exists(\n    input,\n    must(condition.related.subquery.alias),\n    condition.related.correlation.parentField,\n    condition.op,\n  );\n  delegate.addEdge(input, exists);\n  return delegate.decorateFilterInput(exists, existsName);\n}\n\nfunction gatherCorrelatedSubqueryQueryConditions(\n  condition: Condition | undefined,\n) {\n  const csqs: CorrelatedSubqueryCondition[] = [];\n  const gather = (condition: Condition) => {\n    if (condition.type === 'correlatedSubquery') {\n      csqs.push(condition);\n      return;\n    }\n    if (condition.type === 'and' || condition.type === 'or') {\n      for (const c of condition.conditions) {\n        gather(c);\n      }\n      return;\n    }\n  };\n  if (condition) {\n    gather(condition);\n  }\n  return csqs;\n}\n\nexport function assertOrderingIncludesPK(\n  ordering: Ordering,\n  pk: PrimaryKey,\n): void {\n  // oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/prefer-set-has -- Array is more appropriate here for small collections\n  const orderingFields = ordering.map(([field]) => field);\n  const missingFields = pk.filter(pkField => !orderingFields.includes(pkField));\n\n  if (missingFields.length > 0) {\n    throw new Error(\n      `Ordering must include all primary key fields. Missing: ${missingFields.join(\n        ', ',\n      )}. ZQL automatically appends primary key fields to the ordering if they are missing \n      so a common cause of this error is a casing mismatch between Postgres and ZQL.\n      E.g., \"userid\" vs \"userID\".\n      You may want to add double-quotes around your Postgres column names to prevent Postgres from lower-casing them:\n      https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-syntax-lexical.htm`,\n    );\n  }\n}\n\nfunction uniquifyCorrelatedSubqueryConditionAliases(ast: AST): AST {\n  if (!ast.where) {\n    return ast;\n  }\n  const {where} = ast;\n  if (where.type !== 'and' && where.type !== 'or') {\n    return ast;\n  }\n\n  let count = 0;\n  const uniquifyCorrelatedSubquery = (csqc: CorrelatedSubqueryCondition) => ({\n    ...csqc,\n    related: {\n      ...csqc.related,\n      subquery: {\n        ...csqc.related.subquery,\n        alias: (csqc.related.subquery.alias ?? '') + '_' + count++,\n      },\n    },\n  });\n\n  const uniquify = (cond: Condition): Condition => {\n    if (cond.type === 'simple') {\n      return cond;\n    } else if (cond.type === 'correlatedSubquery') {\n      return uniquifyCorrelatedSubquery(cond);\n    }\n    const conditions = [];\n    for (const c of cond.conditions) {\n      conditions.push(uniquify(c));\n    }\n    return {\n      type: cond.type,\n      conditions,\n    };\n  };\n\n  const result = {\n    ...ast,\n    where: uniquify(where),\n  };\n  return result;\n}\n\nexport function conditionIncludesFlippedSubqueryAtAnyLevel(\n  cond: Condition,\n): boolean {\n  if (cond.type === 'correlatedSubquery') {\n    return !!cond.flip;\n  }\n  if (cond.type === 'and' || cond.type === 'or') {\n    return cond.conditions.some(c =>\n      conditionIncludesFlippedSubqueryAtAnyLevel(c),\n    );\n  }\n  // simple conditions don't have flips\n  return false;\n}\n\nexport function partitionBranches(\n  conditions: readonly Condition[],\n  predicate: (c: Condition) => boolean,\n) {\n  const matched: Condition[] = [];\n  const notMatched: Condition[] = [];\n  for (const c of conditions) {\n    if (predicate(c)) {\n      matched.push(c);\n    } else {\n      notMatched.push(c);\n    }\n  }\n  return [matched, notMatched] as 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Connects to constructed\n * pipeline to delegate environment to provide sources and storage.\n */\nexport interface BuilderDelegate {\n  readonly applyFiltersAnyway?: boolean | undefined;\n  debug?: DebugDelegate | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * When true, allows NOT EXISTS conditions in queries.\n   * Defaults to false.\n   *\n   * We only set this to true on the server.\n   * The client-side query engine cannot support NOT EXISTS because:\n   * 1. Zero only syncs a subset of data to the client\n   * 2. On the client, we can't distinguish between a row not existing vs.\n   *    a row not being synced to the client\n   * 3. NOT EXISTS requires complete knowledge of what doesn't exist\n   */\n  readonly enableNotExists?: boolean | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Called once for each source needed by the AST.\n   * Might be called multiple times with same tableName. It is OK to return\n   * same storage instance in that case.\n   */\n  getSource(tableName: string): Source | undefined;\n\n  /**\n   * Called once for each operator that requires storage. Should return a new\n   * unique storage object for each call.\n   */\n  createStorage(name: string): Storage;\n\n  decorateInput(input: Input, name: string): Input;\n\n  addEdge(source: InputBase, dest: InputBase): void;\n\n  decorateFilterInput(input: FilterInput, name: string): FilterInput;\n\n  decorateSourceInput(input: SourceInput, queryID: string): Input;\n\n  /**\n   * The AST is mapped on-the-wire between client and server names.\n   *\n   * There is no \"wire\" for zqlite tests so this function is provided\n   * to allow tests to remap the AST.\n   */\n  mapAst?: ((ast: AST) => AST) | undefined;\n}\n\n/**\n * Builds a pipeline from an AST. Caller must provide a delegate to create source\n * and storage interfaces as necessary.\n *\n * Usage:\n *\n * ```ts\n * class MySink implements Output {\n *   readonly #input: Input;\n *\n *   constructor(input: Input) {\n *     this.#input = input;\n *     input.setOutput(this);\n *   }\n *\n *   push(change: Change, _: Operator) {\n *     console.log(change);\n *   }\n * }\n *\n * const input = buildPipeline(ast, myDelegate, hash(ast));\n * const sink = new MySink(input);\n * ```\n */\nexport function buildPipeline(\n  ast: AST,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  queryID: string,\n  costModel?: ConnectionCostModel,\n  lc?: LogContext,\n  planDebugger?: PlanDebugger,\n): Input {\n  ast = delegate.mapAst ? delegate.mapAst(ast) : ast;\n  ast = completeOrdering(\n    ast,\n    tableName => must(delegate.getSource(tableName)).tableSchema.primaryKey,\n  );\n\n  if (costModel) {\n    ast = planQuery(ast, costModel, planDebugger, lc);\n  }\n  return buildPipelineInternal(ast, delegate, queryID, '');\n}\n\nexport function bindStaticParameters(\n  ast: AST,\n  staticQueryParameters: StaticQueryParameters | undefined,\n) {\n  const visit = (node: AST): AST => ({\n    ...node,\n    where: node.where ? bindCondition(node.where) : undefined,\n    related: node.related?.map(sq => ({\n      ...sq,\n      subquery: visit(sq.subquery),\n    })),\n  });\n\n  function bindCondition(condition: Condition): Condition {\n    if (condition.type === 'simple') {\n      return {\n        ...condition,\n        left: bindValue(condition.left),\n        right: bindValue(condition.right) as Exclude<\n          ValuePosition,\n          ColumnReference\n        >,\n      };\n    }\n    if (condition.type === 'correlatedSubquery') {\n      return {\n        ...condition,\n        related: {\n          ...condition.related,\n          subquery: visit(condition.related.subquery),\n        },\n      };\n    }\n\n    return {\n      ...condition,\n      conditions: condition.conditions.map(bindCondition),\n    };\n  }\n\n  const bindValue = (value: ValuePosition): ValuePosition => {\n    if (isParameter(value)) {\n      const anchor = must(\n        staticQueryParameters,\n        'Static query params do not exist',\n      )[value.anchor];\n      const resolvedValue = resolveField(anchor, value.field);\n      return {\n        type: 'literal',\n        value: resolvedValue as LiteralValue,\n      };\n    }\n    return value;\n  };\n\n  return visit(ast);\n}\n\nfunction resolveField(\n  anchor: Record<string, JSONValue> | Row | undefined,\n  field: string | string[],\n): unknown {\n  if (anchor === undefined) {\n    return null;\n  }\n\n  if (Array.isArray(field)) {\n    // oxlint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any\n    return field.reduce((acc, f) => (acc as any)?.[f], anchor) ?? null;\n  }\n\n  return anchor[field] ?? null;\n}\n\nfunction isParameter(value: ValuePosition): value is Parameter {\n  return value.type === 'static';\n}\n\nconst EXISTS_LIMIT = 3;\nconst PERMISSIONS_EXISTS_LIMIT = 1;\n\n/**\n * Checks if a condition tree contains any NOT EXISTS operations.\n * Recursively checks AND/OR branches but does not recurse into nested subqueries\n * (those are checked when buildPipelineInternal processes them).\n */\nexport function assertNoNotExists(condition: Condition): void {\n  switch (condition.type) {\n    case 'simple':\n      return;\n\n    case 'correlatedSubquery':\n      if (condition.op === 'NOT EXISTS') {\n        throw new Error(\n          'not(exists()) is not supported on the client - see https://bugs.rocicorp.dev/issue/3438',\n        );\n      }\n      return;\n\n    case 'and':\n    case 'or':\n      for (const c of condition.conditions) {\n        assertNoNotExists(c);\n      }\n      return;\n    default:\n      unreachable(condition);\n  }\n}\n\nfunction buildPipelineInternal(\n  ast: AST,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  queryID: string,\n  name: string,\n  partitionKey?: CompoundKey,\n  isNonFlippedExistsChild?: boolean | undefined,\n): Input {\n  const source = delegate.getSource(ast.table);\n  if (!source) {\n    throw new Error(`Source not found: ${ast.table}`);\n  }\n\n  ast = uniquifyCorrelatedSubqueryConditionAliases(ast);\n\n  if (!delegate.enableNotExists && ast.where) {\n    assertNoNotExists(ast.where);\n  }\n\n  const csqConditions = gatherCorrelatedSubqueryQueryConditions(ast.where);\n  const splitEditKeys: Set<string> = partitionKey\n    ? new Set(partitionKey)\n    : new Set();\n  const aliases = new Set<string>();\n  for (const csq of csqConditions) {\n    aliases.add(csq.related.subquery.alias || '');\n    for (const key of csq.related.correlation.parentField) {\n      splitEditKeys.add(key);\n    }\n  }\n  if (ast.related) {\n    for (const csq of ast.related) {\n      for (const key of csq.correlation.parentField) {\n        splitEditKeys.add(key);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  if (isNonFlippedExistsChild) {\n    assert(ast.start === undefined, 'EXISTS subqueries must not have start');\n    assert(\n      ast.related === undefined,\n      'EXISTS subqueries must not have related',\n    );\n  }\n\n  const conn = source.connect(\n    // exists pipelines are unordered — orderBy is ignored here.\n    // Non-exists pipelines always have orderBy completed with PKs.\n    isNonFlippedExistsChild ? undefined : must(ast.orderBy),\n    ast.where,\n    splitEditKeys,\n    delegate.debug,\n  );\n\n  let end: Input = delegate.decorateSourceInput(conn, queryID);\n  end = delegate.decorateInput(end, `${name}:source(${ast.table})`);\n  const {fullyAppliedFilters} = conn;\n\n  if (ast.start) {\n    const skip = new Skip(end, ast.start);\n    delegate.addEdge(end, skip);\n    end = delegate.decorateInput(skip, `${name}:skip)`);\n  }\n\n  for (const csqCondition of csqConditions) {\n    // flipped EXISTS are handled in applyWhere\n    if (!csqCondition.flip) {\n      end = applyCorrelatedSubQuery(\n        {\n          ...csqCondition.related,\n          subquery: {\n            ...csqCondition.related.subquery,\n            limit:\n              csqCondition.related.system === 'permissions'\n                ? PERMISSIONS_EXISTS_LIMIT\n                : EXISTS_LIMIT,\n          },\n        },\n        delegate,\n        queryID,\n        end,\n        name,\n        true,\n      );\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (ast.where && (!fullyAppliedFilters || delegate.applyFiltersAnyway)) {\n    end = applyWhere(end, ast.where, delegate, name);\n  }\n\n  if (ast.limit !== undefined) {\n    // We end `exists` pipelines with `cap`\n    // The reason is that `cap` does not care about the order of the pipeline.\n    // This allows SQLite to chose the order and never end up creating temp b-trees.\n    // The problem with SQLite creating a temp b-tree is it will incur a scan of the entire\n    // result set where exists only needs the first row.\n    if (isNonFlippedExistsChild) {\n      const capName = `${name}:cap`;\n      const cap = new Cap(\n        end,\n        delegate.createStorage(capName),\n        ast.limit,\n        partitionKey,\n      );\n      delegate.addEdge(end, cap);\n      end = delegate.decorateInput(cap, capName);\n    } else {\n      const takeName = `${name}:take`;\n      const take = new Take(\n        end,\n        delegate.createStorage(takeName),\n        ast.limit,\n        partitionKey,\n      );\n      delegate.addEdge(end, take);\n      end = delegate.decorateInput(take, takeName);\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (ast.related) {\n    // Dedupe by alias - last one wins (LWW), like limit(5).limit(10)\n    const byAlias = new Map<string, CorrelatedSubquery>();\n    for (const csq of ast.related) {\n      byAlias.set(csq.subquery.alias ?? '', csq);\n    }\n    for (const csq of byAlias.values()) {\n      end = applyCorrelatedSubQuery(csq, delegate, queryID, end, name, false);\n    }\n  }\n\n  return end;\n}\n\nfunction applyWhere(\n  input: Input,\n  condition: Condition,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): Input {\n  if (!conditionIncludesFlippedSubqueryAtAnyLevel(condition)) {\n    return buildFilterPipeline(input, delegate, filterInput =>\n      applyFilter(filterInput, condition, delegate, name),\n    );\n  }\n\n  return applyFilterWithFlips(input, condition, delegate, name);\n}\n\nfunction applyFilterWithFlips(\n  input: Input,\n  condition: Condition,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): Input {\n  let end = input;\n  assert(condition.type !== 'simple', 'Simple conditions cannot have flips');\n\n  switch (condition.type) {\n    case 'and': {\n      const [withFlipped, withoutFlipped] = partitionBranches(\n        condition.conditions,\n        conditionIncludesFlippedSubqueryAtAnyLevel,\n      );\n      if (withoutFlipped.length > 0) {\n        end = buildFilterPipeline(input, delegate, filterInput =>\n          applyAnd(\n            filterInput,\n            {\n              type: 'and',\n              conditions: withoutFlipped,\n            },\n            delegate,\n            name,\n          ),\n        );\n      }\n      assert(withFlipped.length > 0, 'Impossible to have no flips here');\n      for (const cond of withFlipped) {\n        end = applyFilterWithFlips(end, cond, delegate, name);\n      }\n      break;\n    }\n    case 'or': {\n      const [withFlipped, withoutFlipped] = partitionBranches(\n        condition.conditions,\n        conditionIncludesFlippedSubqueryAtAnyLevel,\n      );\n      assert(withFlipped.length > 0, 'Impossible to have no flips here');\n\n      const ufo = new UnionFanOut(end);\n      delegate.addEdge(end, ufo);\n      end = delegate.decorateInput(ufo, `${name}:ufo`);\n\n      const branches: Input[] = [];\n      if (withoutFlipped.length > 0) {\n        branches.push(\n          buildFilterPipeline(end, delegate, filterInput =>\n            applyOr(\n              filterInput,\n              {\n                type: 'or',\n                conditions: withoutFlipped,\n              },\n              delegate,\n              name,\n            ),\n          ),\n        );\n      }\n\n      for (const cond of withFlipped) {\n        branches.push(applyFilterWithFlips(end, cond, delegate, name));\n      }\n\n      const ufi = new UnionFanIn(ufo, branches);\n      for (const branch of branches) {\n        delegate.addEdge(branch, ufi);\n      }\n      end = delegate.decorateInput(ufi, `${name}:ufi`);\n\n      break;\n    }\n    case 'correlatedSubquery': {\n      const sq = condition.related;\n      const child = buildPipelineInternal(\n        sq.subquery,\n        delegate,\n        '',\n        `${name}.${sq.subquery.alias}`,\n        sq.correlation.childField,\n        false,\n      );\n      const flippedJoin = new FlippedJoin({\n        parent: end,\n        child,\n        parentKey: sq.correlation.parentField,\n        childKey: sq.correlation.childField,\n        relationshipName: must(\n          sq.subquery.alias,\n          'Subquery must have an alias',\n        ),\n        hidden: sq.hidden ?? false,\n        system: sq.system ?? 'client',\n      });\n      delegate.addEdge(end, flippedJoin);\n      delegate.addEdge(child, flippedJoin);\n      end = delegate.decorateInput(\n        flippedJoin,\n        `${name}:flipped-join(${sq.subquery.alias})`,\n      );\n      break;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return end;\n}\n\nfunction applyFilter(\n  input: FilterInput,\n  condition: Condition,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): FilterInput {\n  switch (condition.type) {\n    case 'and':\n      return applyAnd(input, condition, delegate, name);\n    case 'or':\n      return applyOr(input, condition, delegate, name);\n    case 'correlatedSubquery':\n      return applyCorrelatedSubqueryCondition(input, condition, delegate, name);\n    case 'simple':\n      return applySimpleCondition(input, delegate, condition);\n  }\n}\n\nfunction applyAnd(\n  input: FilterInput,\n  condition: Conjunction,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): FilterInput {\n  for (const subCondition of condition.conditions) {\n    input = applyFilter(input, subCondition, delegate, name);\n  }\n  return input;\n}\n\nexport function applyOr(\n  input: FilterInput,\n  condition: Disjunction,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): FilterInput {\n  const [subqueryConditions, otherConditions] =\n    groupSubqueryConditions(condition);\n  // if there are no subquery conditions, no fan-in / fan-out is needed\n  if (subqueryConditions.length === 0) {\n    const filter = new Filter(\n      input,\n      createPredicate({\n        type: 'or',\n        conditions: otherConditions,\n      }),\n    );\n    delegate.addEdge(input, filter);\n    return filter;\n  }\n\n  const fanOut = new FanOut(input);\n  delegate.addEdge(input, fanOut);\n  const branches = subqueryConditions.map(subCondition =>\n    applyFilter(fanOut, subCondition, delegate, name),\n  );\n  if (otherConditions.length > 0) {\n    const filter = new Filter(\n      fanOut,\n      createPredicate({\n        type: 'or',\n        conditions: otherConditions,\n      }),\n    );\n    delegate.addEdge(fanOut, filter);\n    branches.push(filter);\n  }\n  const ret = new FanIn(fanOut, branches);\n  for (const branch of branches) {\n    delegate.addEdge(branch, ret);\n  }\n  fanOut.setFanIn(ret);\n  return ret;\n}\n\nexport function groupSubqueryConditions(condition: Disjunction) {\n  const partitioned: [\n    subqueryConditions: Condition[],\n    otherConditions: NoSubqueryCondition[],\n  ] = [[], []];\n  for (const subCondition of condition.conditions) {\n    if (isNotAndDoesNotContainSubquery(subCondition)) {\n      partitioned[1].push(subCondition);\n    } else {\n      partitioned[0].push(subCondition);\n    }\n  }\n  return partitioned;\n}\n\nexport function isNotAndDoesNotContainSubquery(\n  condition: Condition,\n): condition is NoSubqueryCondition {\n  if (condition.type === 'correlatedSubquery') {\n    return false;\n  }\n  if (condition.type === 'simple') {\n    return true;\n  }\n  return condition.conditions.every(isNotAndDoesNotContainSubquery);\n}\n\nfunction applySimpleCondition(\n  input: FilterInput,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  condition: SimpleCondition,\n): FilterInput {\n  const filter = new Filter(input, createPredicate(condition));\n  delegate.decorateFilterInput(\n    filter,\n    `${valuePosName(condition.left)}:${condition.op}:${valuePosName(condition.right)}`,\n  );\n  delegate.addEdge(input, filter);\n  return filter;\n}\n\nfunction valuePosName(left: ValuePosition) {\n  switch (left.type) {\n    case 'static':\n      return left.field;\n    case 'literal':\n      return left.value;\n    case 'column':\n      return left.name;\n  }\n}\n\nfunction applyCorrelatedSubQuery(\n  sq: CorrelatedSubquery,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  queryID: string,\n  end: Input,\n  name: string,\n  fromCondition: boolean,\n) {\n  // TODO: we only omit the join if the CSQ if from a condition since\n  // we want to create an empty array for `related` fields that are `limit(0)`\n  if (sq.subquery.limit === 0 && fromCondition) {\n    return end;\n  }\n\n  assert(sq.subquery.alias, 'Subquery must have an alias');\n  const child = buildPipelineInternal(\n    sq.subquery,\n    delegate,\n    queryID,\n    `${name}.${sq.subquery.alias}`,\n    sq.correlation.childField,\n    fromCondition,\n  );\n\n  const joinName = `${name}:join(${sq.subquery.alias})`;\n  const join = new Join({\n    parent: end,\n    child,\n    parentKey: sq.correlation.parentField,\n    childKey: sq.correlation.childField,\n    relationshipName: sq.subquery.alias,\n    hidden: sq.hidden ?? false,\n    system: sq.system ?? 'client',\n  });\n  delegate.addEdge(end, join);\n  delegate.addEdge(child, join);\n  return delegate.decorateInput(join, joinName);\n}\n\nfunction applyCorrelatedSubqueryCondition(\n  input: FilterInput,\n  condition: CorrelatedSubqueryCondition,\n  delegate: BuilderDelegate,\n  name: string,\n): FilterInput {\n  assert(\n    condition.op === 'EXISTS' || condition.op === 'NOT EXISTS',\n    'Expected EXISTS or NOT EXISTS operator',\n  );\n  if (condition.related.subquery.limit === 0) {\n    if (condition.op === 'EXISTS') {\n      const filter = new Filter(input, () => false);\n      delegate.addEdge(input, filter);\n      return filter;\n    }\n    const filter = new Filter(input, () => true);\n    delegate.addEdge(input, filter);\n    return filter;\n  }\n  const existsName = `${name}:exists(${condition.related.subquery.alias})`;\n  const exists = new Exists(\n    input,\n    must(condition.related.subquery.alias),\n    condition.related.correlation.parentField,\n    condition.op,\n  );\n  delegate.addEdge(input, exists);\n  return delegate.decorateFilterInput(exists, existsName);\n}\n\nfunction gatherCorrelatedSubqueryQueryConditions(\n  condition: Condition | undefined,\n) {\n  const csqs: CorrelatedSubqueryCondition[] = [];\n  const gather = (condition: Condition) => {\n    if (condition.type === 'correlatedSubquery') {\n      csqs.push(condition);\n      return;\n    }\n    if (condition.type === 'and' || condition.type === 'or') {\n      for (const c of condition.conditions) {\n        gather(c);\n      }\n      return;\n    }\n  };\n  if (condition) {\n    gather(condition);\n  }\n  return csqs;\n}\n\nexport function assertOrderingIncludesPK(\n  ordering: Ordering,\n  pk: PrimaryKey,\n): void {\n  // oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/prefer-set-has -- Array is more appropriate here for small collections\n  const orderingFields = ordering.map(([field]) => field);\n  const missingFields = pk.filter(pkField => !orderingFields.includes(pkField));\n\n  if (missingFields.length > 0) {\n    throw new Error(\n      `Ordering must include all primary key fields. Missing: ${missingFields.join(\n        ', ',\n      )}. ZQL automatically appends primary key fields to the ordering if they are missing \n      so a common cause of this error is a casing mismatch between Postgres and ZQL.\n      E.g., \"userid\" vs \"userID\".\n      You may want to add double-quotes around your Postgres column names to prevent Postgres from lower-casing them:\n      https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-syntax-lexical.htm`,\n    );\n  }\n}\n\nfunction uniquifyCorrelatedSubqueryConditionAliases(ast: AST): AST {\n  if (!ast.where) {\n    return ast;\n  }\n  const {where} = ast;\n  if (where.type !== 'and' && where.type !== 'or') {\n    return ast;\n  }\n\n  let count = 0;\n  const uniquifyCorrelatedSubquery = (csqc: CorrelatedSubqueryCondition) => ({\n    ...csqc,\n    related: {\n      ...csqc.related,\n      subquery: {\n        ...csqc.related.subquery,\n        alias: (csqc.related.subquery.alias ?? '') + '_' + count++,\n      },\n    },\n  });\n\n  const uniquify = (cond: Condition): Condition => {\n    if (cond.type === 'simple') {\n      return cond;\n    } else if (cond.type === 'correlatedSubquery') {\n      return uniquifyCorrelatedSubquery(cond);\n    }\n    const conditions = [];\n    for (const c of cond.conditions) {\n      conditions.push(uniquify(c));\n    }\n    return {\n      type: cond.type,\n      conditions,\n    };\n  };\n\n  const result = {\n    ...ast,\n    where: uniquify(where),\n  };\n  return result;\n}\n\nexport function conditionIncludesFlippedSubqueryAtAnyLevel(\n  cond: Condition,\n): boolean {\n  if (cond.type === 'correlatedSubquery') {\n    return !!cond.flip;\n  }\n  if (cond.type === 'and' || cond.type === 'or') {\n    return cond.conditions.some(c =>\n      conditionIncludesFlippedSubqueryAtAnyLevel(c),\n    );\n  }\n  // simple conditions don't have flips\n  return false;\n}\n\nexport function partitionBranches(\n  conditions: readonly Condition[],\n  predicate: (c: Condition) => boolean,\n) {\n  const matched: Condition[] = [];\n  const notMatched: Condition[] = [];\n  for (const c of conditions) {\n    if (predicate(c)) {\n      matched.push(c);\n    } else {\n      notMatched.push(c);\n    }\n  }\n  return [matched, notMatched] as 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package/out/zql/src/ivm/cap.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { type Change } from './change.ts';
+import type { Node } from './data.ts';
+import { type FetchRequest, type Input, type Operator, type Output, type Storage } from './operator.ts';
+import type { SourceSchema } from './schema.ts';
+import { type Stream } from './stream.ts';
+import { type PartitionKey } from './take.ts';
+/**
+ * The Cap operator is a count-based limiter for EXISTS subqueries that
+ * does not require ordering. Unlike Take, it tracks membership by primary
+ * key set rather than by a sorted bound. This means:
+ *
+ * - No comparator needed (no ordering requirement)
+ * - No `start` or `reverse` fetch support
+ * - No `#rowHiddenFromFetch` complexity (we can defer when adding to the pk set)
+ *
+ * Cap is used in EXISTS child pipelines where only the count of matching
+ * rows matters, not their order. This allows SQLite to skip ORDER BY
+ * entirely, enabling much faster query plans.
+ *
+ * Cap can count rows globally or by unique value of some partition key
+ * (same as Take).
+ */
+export declare class Cap implements Operator {
+    #private;
+    constructor(input: Input, storage: Storage, limit: number, partitionKey?: PartitionKey);
+    setOutput(output: Output): void;
+    getSchema(): SourceSchema;
+    fetch(req: FetchRequest): Stream<Node | 'yield'>;
+    push(change: Change): Stream<'yield'>;
+    destroy(): void;
+}
+//# sourceMappingURL=cap.d.ts.map

package/out/zql/src/ivm/cap.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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package/out/zql/src/ivm/cap.js

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+import { assert } from "../../../shared/src/asserts.js";
+import { throwOutput } from "./operator.js";
+import { makeAddChange } from "./change.js";
+import { constraintMatchesPartitionKey, makePartitionKeyComparator } from "./take.js";
+//#region ../zql/src/ivm/cap.ts
+/**
+* The Cap operator is a count-based limiter for EXISTS subqueries that
+* does not require ordering. Unlike Take, it tracks membership by primary
+* key set rather than by a sorted bound. This means:
+*
+* - No comparator needed (no ordering requirement)
+* - No `start` or `reverse` fetch support
+* - No `#rowHiddenFromFetch` complexity (we can defer when adding to the pk set)
+*
+* Cap is used in EXISTS child pipelines where only the count of matching
+* rows matters, not their order. This allows SQLite to skip ORDER BY
+* entirely, enabling much faster query plans.
+*
+* Cap can count rows globally or by unique value of some partition key
+* (same as Take).
+*/
+var Cap = class {
+	#input;
+	#storage;
+	#limit;
+	#partitionKey;
+	#partitionKeyComparator;
+	#primaryKey;
+	#output = throwOutput;
+	constructor(input, storage, limit, partitionKey) {
+		assert(limit >= 0, "Limit must be non-negative");
+		input.setOutput(this);
+		this.#input = input;
+		this.#storage = storage;
+		this.#limit = limit;
+		this.#partitionKey = partitionKey;
+		this.#partitionKeyComparator = partitionKey && makePartitionKeyComparator(partitionKey);
+		this.#primaryKey = input.getSchema().primaryKey;
+	}
+	setOutput(output) {
+		this.#output = output;
+	}
+	getSchema() {
+		return this.#input.getSchema();
+	}
+	*fetch(req) {
+		assert(!req.start, "Cap does not support start");
+		assert(!req.reverse, "Cap does not support reverse");
+		assert(!this.#partitionKey || req.constraint !== void 0 && constraintMatchesPartitionKey(req.constraint, this.#partitionKey), "Cap fetch: constraint must match partition key when partitioned");
+		const capStateKey = getCapStateKey(this.#partitionKey, req.constraint);
+		const capState = this.#storage.get(capStateKey);
+		if (!capState) {
+			yield* this.#initialFetch(req);
+			return;
+		}
+		if (capState.size === 0) return;
+		for (const pk of capState.pks) {
+			const constraint = deserializePKToConstraint(pk, this.#primaryKey);
+			for (const inputNode of this.#input.fetch({ constraint })) {
+				if (inputNode === "yield") {
+					yield inputNode;
+					continue;
+				}
+				yield inputNode;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	*#initialFetch(req) {
+		if (this.#limit === 0) return;
+		assert(constraintMatchesPartitionKey(req.constraint, this.#partitionKey), "Constraint should match partition key");
+		const capStateKey = getCapStateKey(this.#partitionKey, req.constraint);
+		assert(this.#storage.get(capStateKey) === void 0, "Cap state should be undefined");
+		let size = 0;
+		const pks = [];
+		let downstreamEarlyReturn = true;
+		let exceptionThrown = false;
+		try {
+			for (const inputNode of this.#input.fetch(req)) {
+				if (inputNode === "yield") {
+					yield "yield";
+					continue;
+				}
+				yield inputNode;
+				pks.push(serializePK(inputNode.row, this.#primaryKey));
+				size++;
+				if (size === this.#limit) break;
+			}
+			downstreamEarlyReturn = false;
+		} catch (e) {
+			exceptionThrown = true;
+			throw e;
+		} finally {
+			if (!exceptionThrown) {
+				this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {
+					size,
+					pks
+				});
+				assert(!downstreamEarlyReturn, "Unexpected early return prevented full hydration");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	*push(change) {
+		if (change[0] === 2) {
+			yield* this.#pushEditChange(change);
+			return;
+		}
+		const capStateKey = getCapStateKey(this.#partitionKey, change[1].row);
+		const capState = this.#storage.get(capStateKey);
+		if (!capState) return;
+		const pk = serializePK(change[1].row, this.#primaryKey);
+		if (change[0] === 0) {
+			if (capState.size < this.#limit) {
+				const pks = [...capState.pks, pk];
+				this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {
+					size: capState.size + 1,
+					pks
+				});
+				yield* this.#output.push(change, this);
+				return;
+			}
+			return;
+		} else if (change[0] === 1) {
+			const pkIndex = capState.pks.indexOf(pk);
+			if (pkIndex === -1) return;
+			const pks = [...capState.pks];
+			pks.splice(pkIndex, 1);
+			const newSize = capState.size - 1;
+			const pkSet = new Set(pks);
+			const constraint = this.#partitionKey ? Object.fromEntries(this.#partitionKey.map((key) => [key, change[1].row[key]])) : void 0;
+			let replacement;
+			for (const node of this.#input.fetch({ constraint })) {
+				if (node === "yield") {
+					yield node;
+					continue;
+				}
+				const nodePK = serializePK(node.row, this.#primaryKey);
+				if (!pkSet.has(nodePK)) {
+					replacement = node;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (replacement) {
+				this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {
+					size: newSize,
+					pks
+				});
+				yield* this.#output.push(change, this);
+				const replacementPK = serializePK(replacement.row, this.#primaryKey);
+				pks.push(replacementPK);
+				this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {
+					size: newSize + 1,
+					pks
+				});
+				yield* this.#output.push(makeAddChange(replacement), this);
+			} else {
+				this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {
+					size: newSize,
+					pks
+				});
+				yield* this.#output.push(change, this);
+			}
+		} else if (change[0] === 3) {
+			if (new Set(capState.pks).has(pk)) yield* this.#output.push(change, this);
+		}
+	}
+	*#pushEditChange(change) {
+		assert(!this.#partitionKeyComparator || this.#partitionKeyComparator(change[2].row, change[1].row) === 0, "Unexpected change of partition key");
+		const capStateKey = getCapStateKey(this.#partitionKey, change[2].row);
+		const capState = this.#storage.get(capStateKey);
+		if (!capState) return;
+		const oldPK = serializePK(change[2].row, this.#primaryKey);
+		if (new Set(capState.pks).has(oldPK)) {
+			const newPK = serializePK(change[1].row, this.#primaryKey);
+			if (oldPK !== newPK) {
+				const pks = capState.pks.map((p) => p === oldPK ? newPK : p);
+				this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {
+					size: capState.size,
+					pks
+				});
+			}
+			yield* this.#output.push(change, this);
+		}
+	}
+	destroy() {
+		this.#input.destroy();
+	}
+};
+function getCapStateKey(partitionKey, rowOrConstraint) {
+	const partitionValues = [];
+	if (partitionKey && rowOrConstraint) for (const key of partitionKey) partitionValues.push(rowOrConstraint[key]);
+	return JSON.stringify(["cap", ...partitionValues]);
+}
+function serializePK(row, primaryKey) {
+	return JSON.stringify(primaryKey.map((k) => row[k]));
+}
+function deserializePKToConstraint(pk, primaryKey) {
+	const values = JSON.parse(pk);
+	const constraint = {};
+	for (let i = 0; i < primaryKey.length; i++) constraint[primaryKey[i]] = values[i];
+	return constraint;
+}
+//#endregion
+export { Cap };
+
+//# sourceMappingURL=cap.js.map

package/out/zql/src/ivm/cap.js.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"cap.js","names":["#input","#storage","#limit","#partitionKey","#partitionKeyComparator","#primaryKey","#output","#initialFetch","#pushEditChange"],"sources":["../../../../../zql/src/ivm/cap.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import {assert} from '../../../shared/src/asserts.ts';\nimport type {Row, Value} from '../../../zero-protocol/src/data.ts';\nimport type {PrimaryKey} from '../../../zero-protocol/src/primary-key.ts';\nimport {ChangeIndex} from './change-index.ts';\nimport {ChangeType} from './change-type.ts';\nimport {makeAddChange, type Change, type EditChange} from './change.ts';\nimport type {Constraint} from './constraint.ts';\nimport type {Comparator, Node} from './data.ts';\nimport {\n  throwOutput,\n  type FetchRequest,\n  type Input,\n  type Operator,\n  type Output,\n  type Storage,\n} from './operator.ts';\nimport type {SourceSchema} from './schema.ts';\nimport {type Stream} from './stream.ts';\nimport {\n  constraintMatchesPartitionKey,\n  makePartitionKeyComparator,\n  type PartitionKey,\n} from './take.ts';\n\ntype CapState = {\n  size: number;\n  pks: string[];\n};\n\ninterface CapStorage {\n  get(key: string): CapState | undefined;\n  set(key: string, value: CapState): void;\n  del(key: string): void;\n}\n\n/**\n * The Cap operator is a count-based limiter for EXISTS subqueries that\n * does not require ordering. Unlike Take, it tracks membership by primary\n * key set rather than by a sorted bound. This means:\n *\n * - No comparator needed (no ordering requirement)\n * - No `start` or `reverse` fetch support\n * - No `#rowHiddenFromFetch` complexity (we can defer when adding to the pk set)\n *\n * Cap is used in EXISTS child pipelines where only the count of matching\n * rows matters, not their order. This allows SQLite to skip ORDER BY\n * entirely, enabling much faster query plans.\n *\n * Cap can count rows globally or by unique value of some partition key\n * (same as Take).\n */\nexport class Cap implements Operator {\n  readonly #input: Input;\n  readonly #storage: CapStorage;\n  readonly #limit: number;\n  readonly #partitionKey: PartitionKey | undefined;\n  readonly #partitionKeyComparator: Comparator | undefined;\n  readonly #primaryKey: PrimaryKey;\n\n  #output: Output = throwOutput;\n\n  constructor(\n    input: Input,\n    storage: Storage,\n    limit: number,\n    partitionKey?: PartitionKey,\n  ) {\n    assert(limit >= 0, 'Limit must be non-negative');\n    input.setOutput(this);\n    this.#input = input;\n    this.#storage = storage as CapStorage;\n    this.#limit = limit;\n    this.#partitionKey = partitionKey;\n    this.#partitionKeyComparator =\n      partitionKey && makePartitionKeyComparator(partitionKey);\n    this.#primaryKey = input.getSchema().primaryKey;\n  }\n\n  setOutput(output: Output): void {\n    this.#output = output;\n  }\n\n  getSchema(): SourceSchema {\n    return this.#input.getSchema();\n  }\n\n  *fetch(req: FetchRequest): Stream<Node | 'yield'> {\n    assert(!req.start, 'Cap does not support start');\n    assert(!req.reverse, 'Cap does not support reverse');\n\n    // Cap is only built for non-flipped EXISTS subqueries, whose only\n    // downstream consumer is a Join that always fetches with a constraint\n    // built from the correlation's childField — which is Cap's partition\n    // key. So either partitionKey is undefined, or constraint matches.\n    assert(\n      !this.#partitionKey ||\n        (req.constraint !== undefined &&\n          constraintMatchesPartitionKey(req.constraint, this.#partitionKey)),\n      'Cap fetch: constraint must match partition key when partitioned',\n    );\n\n    const capStateKey = getCapStateKey(this.#partitionKey, req.constraint);\n    const capState = this.#storage.get(capStateKey);\n    if (!capState) {\n      yield* this.#initialFetch(req);\n      return;\n    }\n    if (capState.size === 0) {\n      return;\n    }\n    // PK-based point lookups: fetch each tracked row by its PK directly,\n    // rather than scanning the partition and filtering.\n    for (const pk of capState.pks) {\n      const constraint = deserializePKToConstraint(pk, this.#primaryKey);\n      for (const inputNode of this.#input.fetch({constraint})) {\n        if (inputNode === 'yield') {\n          yield inputNode;\n          continue;\n        }\n        yield inputNode;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  *#initialFetch(req: FetchRequest): Stream<Node | 'yield'> {\n    if (this.#limit === 0) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    assert(\n      constraintMatchesPartitionKey(req.constraint, this.#partitionKey),\n      'Constraint should match partition key',\n    );\n\n    const capStateKey = getCapStateKey(this.#partitionKey, req.constraint);\n    assert(\n      this.#storage.get(capStateKey) === undefined,\n      'Cap state should be undefined',\n    );\n\n    let size = 0;\n    const pks: string[] = [];\n    let downstreamEarlyReturn = true;\n    let exceptionThrown = false;\n    try {\n      for (const inputNode of this.#input.fetch(req)) {\n        if (inputNode === 'yield') {\n          yield 'yield';\n          continue;\n        }\n        yield inputNode;\n        pks.push(serializePK(inputNode.row, this.#primaryKey));\n        size++;\n        if (size === this.#limit) {\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n      downstreamEarlyReturn = false;\n    } catch (e) {\n      exceptionThrown = true;\n      throw e;\n    } finally {\n      if (!exceptionThrown) {\n        this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {size, pks});\n        // If it becomes necessary to support downstream early return, this\n        // assert should be removed, and replaced with code that consumes\n        // the input stream until limit is reached or the input stream is\n        // exhausted so that capState is properly hydrated.\n        assert(\n          !downstreamEarlyReturn,\n          'Unexpected early return prevented full hydration',\n        );\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  *push(change: Change): Stream<'yield'> {\n    if (change[ChangeIndex.TYPE] === ChangeType.EDIT) {\n      yield* this.#pushEditChange(change);\n      return;\n    }\n\n    const capStateKey = getCapStateKey(\n      this.#partitionKey,\n      change[ChangeIndex.NODE].row,\n    );\n    const capState = this.#storage.get(capStateKey);\n    if (!capState) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    const pk = serializePK(change[ChangeIndex.NODE].row, this.#primaryKey);\n\n    if (change[ChangeIndex.TYPE] === ChangeType.ADD) {\n      if (capState.size < this.#limit) {\n        const pks = [...capState.pks, pk];\n        this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {size: capState.size + 1, pks});\n        yield* this.#output.push(change, this);\n        return;\n      }\n      // Full — drop\n      return;\n    } else if (change[ChangeIndex.TYPE] === ChangeType.REMOVE) {\n      const pkIndex = capState.pks.indexOf(pk);\n      if (pkIndex === -1) {\n        // Not in our set — drop\n        return;\n      }\n      // Remove from set\n      const pks = [...capState.pks];\n      pks.splice(pkIndex, 1);\n      const newSize = capState.size - 1;\n\n      // Try to refill: fetch from input with partition constraint,\n      // find first row NOT in PK set\n      const pkSet = new Set(pks);\n      const constraint = this.#partitionKey\n        ? (Object.fromEntries(\n            this.#partitionKey.map(\n              key => [key, change[ChangeIndex.NODE].row[key]] as const,\n            ),\n          ) as Constraint)\n        : undefined;\n\n      let replacement: Node | undefined;\n      for (const node of this.#input.fetch({constraint})) {\n        if (node === 'yield') {\n          yield node;\n          continue;\n        }\n        const nodePK = serializePK(node.row, this.#primaryKey);\n        if (!pkSet.has(nodePK)) {\n          replacement = node;\n          break;\n        }\n      }\n\n      if (replacement) {\n        // Store state WITHOUT replacement during remove forward,\n        // matching Take's pattern of hiding in-flight changes from re-fetches.\n        this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {size: newSize, pks});\n        yield* this.#output.push(change, this);\n        // Now add replacement to set and forward the add.\n        const replacementPK = serializePK(replacement.row, this.#primaryKey);\n        pks.push(replacementPK);\n        this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {size: newSize + 1, pks});\n        yield* this.#output.push(makeAddChange(replacement), this);\n      } else {\n        this.#storage.set(capStateKey, {size: newSize, pks});\n        yield* this.#output.push(change, this);\n      }\n    } else if (change[ChangeIndex.TYPE] === ChangeType.CHILD) {\n      const pkSet = new Set(capState.pks);\n      if (pkSet.has(pk)) {\n        yield* this.#output.push(change, this);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  *#pushEditChange(change: EditChange): Stream<'yield'> {\n    assert(\n      !this.#partitionKeyComparator ||\n        this.#partitionKeyComparator(\n          change[ChangeIndex.OLD_NODE].row,\n          change[ChangeIndex.NODE].row,\n        ) === 0,\n      'Unexpected change of partition key',\n    );\n    const capStateKey = getCapStateKey(\n      this.#partitionKey,\n      change[ChangeIndex.OLD_NODE].row,\n    );\n    const capState = this.#storage.get(capStateKey);\n    if (!capState) {\n      return;\n    }\n\n    const oldPK = serializePK(\n      change[ChangeIndex.OLD_NODE].row,\n      this.#primaryKey,\n    );\n    const pkSet = new Set(capState.pks);\n    if (pkSet.has(oldPK)) {\n      // Update the PK in our set if it changed\n      const newPK = serializePK(change[ChangeIndex.NODE].row, this.#primaryKey);\n      if (oldPK !== newPK) {\n        const pks = capState.pks.map(p => (p === oldPK ? 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package/out/zql/src/ivm/constraint.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
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+{"version":3,"file":"constraint.js","names":["#data","#indexOf"],"sources":["../../../../../zql/src/ivm/constraint.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import {assert} from '../../../shared/src/asserts.ts';\nimport {stringCompare} from '../../../shared/src/string-compare.ts';\nimport {assertTesting} from '../../../shared/src/testing.ts';\nimport type {Writable} from '../../../shared/src/writable.ts';\nimport type {\n  Condition,\n  SimpleCondition,\n} from '../../../zero-protocol/src/ast.ts';\nimport type {Row, Value} from '../../../zero-protocol/src/data.ts';\nimport type {PrimaryKey} from '../../../zero-protocol/src/primary-key.ts';\nimport {valuesEqual} from './data.ts';\n\nexport type Constraint = {\n  readonly [key: string]: Value;\n};\n\nexport function constraintMatchesRow(\n  constraint: Constraint,\n  row: Row,\n): boolean {\n  for (const key in constraint) {\n    if (!valuesEqual(row[key], constraint[key])) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\n\n/**\n * Constraints are compatible if:\n * 1. 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They have keys in common, but the values for those keys are equal\n */\nexport function constraintsAreCompatible(\n  left: Constraint,\n  right: Constraint,\n): boolean {\n  for (const key in left) {\n    if (key in right && !valuesEqual(left[key], right[key])) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\n\nexport function constraintMatchesPrimaryKey(\n  constraint: Constraint,\n  primary: PrimaryKey,\n): boolean {\n  return keyMatchesPrimaryKey(Object.keys(constraint), primary);\n}\n\nexport function keyMatchesPrimaryKey(\n  key: Iterable<string>,\n  primary: PrimaryKey,\n): boolean {\n  const constraintKeys = [...key];\n\n  if (constraintKeys.length !== primary.length) {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  // Primary key is always sorted\n  // Constraint does not have to be sorted\n  constraintKeys.sort(stringCompare);\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < constraintKeys.length; i++) {\n    if (constraintKeys[i] !== primary[i]) {\n      return false;\n    }\n  }\n  return true;\n}\n\n/**\n * Pulls top level `and` components out of a condition tree.\n * The resulting array of simple conditions would match a superset of\n * values that the original condition would match.\n *\n * Examples:\n * a AND b OR c\n *\n * In this case we cannot pull anything because the `or` is at the top level.\n *\n * a AND b AND c\n * We can pull all three.\n *\n * a AND (b OR c)\n * We can only pull `a`.\n */\nexport function pullSimpleAndComponents(\n  condition: Condition,\n): SimpleCondition[] {\n  if (condition.type === 'and') {\n    return condition.conditions.flatMap(pullSimpleAndComponents);\n  }\n\n  if (condition.type === 'simple') {\n    return [condition];\n  }\n\n  if (condition.type === 'or' && condition.conditions.length === 1) {\n    return pullSimpleAndComponents(condition.conditions[0]);\n  }\n\n  return [];\n}\n\n/**\n * Checks if the supplied filters constitute a primary key lookup.\n * If so, returns the constraint that would be used to look up the primary key.\n * If not, returns undefined.\n */\nexport function primaryKeyConstraintFromFilters(\n  condition: Condition | undefined,\n  primary: PrimaryKey,\n): Constraint | undefined {\n  if (condition === undefined) {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  const conditions = pullSimpleAndComponents(condition);\n  if (conditions.length === 0) {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  const ret: Writable<Constraint> = {};\n  for (const subCondition of conditions) {\n    if (subCondition.op === '=') {\n      const column = extractColumn(subCondition);\n      if (column !== undefined) {\n        if (!primary.includes(column.name)) {\n          continue;\n        }\n        ret[column.name] = column.value;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  if (Object.keys(ret).length !== primary.length) {\n    return undefined;\n  }\n\n  return ret;\n}\n\nfunction extractColumn(\n  condition: SimpleCondition,\n): {name: string; value: Value} | undefined {\n  if (condition.left.type === 'column') {\n    assert(\n      condition.right.type === 'literal',\n      () =>\n        `extractColumn: expected right side to be literal, got ${condition.right.type}`,\n    );\n    return {name: condition.left.name, value: condition.right.value};\n  }\n\n  return undefined;\n}\n\nexport class SetOfConstraint {\n  #data: Constraint[] = [];\n\n  constructor() {\n    assertTesting('SetOfConstraint is only available in testing');\n  }\n\n  #indexOf(value: Constraint): number {\n    return this.#data.findIndex(v => constraintEquals(v, value));\n  }\n\n  has(value: Constraint): boolean {\n    return this.#indexOf(value) !== -1;\n  }\n\n  add(value: Constraint): this {\n    if (!this.has(value)) {\n      this.#data.push(value);\n    }\n    return this;\n  }\n}\n\nfunction constraintEquals(a: Constraint, b: Constraint): boolean {\n  const aEntries = Object.entries(a);\n  const bEntries = Object.entries(b);\n  if (aEntries.length !== bEntries.length) {\n    return false;\n  }\n  for (let i = 0; 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package/out/zql/src/ivm/flipped-join.d.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { CompoundKey, System } from '../../../zero-protocol/src/ast.ts';
+import type { Value } from '../../../zero-protocol/src/data.ts';
 import type { Node } from './data.ts';
 import { type FetchRequest, type Input, type Output } from './operator.ts';
 import type { SourceSchema } from './schema.ts';
@@ -28,5 +29,13 @@ export declare class FlippedJoin implements Input {
     getSchema(): SourceSchema;
     fetch(req: FetchRequest): Stream<Node | 'yield'>;
 }
+/**
+ * Canonical string key over `keys` of `record`, used by `#fetchMergeSort`
+ * both to dedupe per-child fetches and to map each returned parent row
+ * back to the children that referenced its parent-key tuple.
+ *
+ * Exported for testing.
+ */
+export declare function canonicalKey(record: Record<string, Value | undefined>, keys: CompoundKey): string;
 export {};
 //# sourceMappingURL=flipped-join.d.ts.map

package/out/zql/src/ivm/flipped-join.d.ts.map

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