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+# Lessons: what to check before anyone looks
+
+Review lessons that apply to any rig, written so the next rig does not repeat
+them. The page opens with the self-check every project runs by default before a
+version is shown; the lessons after it say why each check exists and how to
+read it.
+
+Each lesson is a *rule*, *why* and *how to check*. Where the rule already lives
+in a craft note ([CRAFT.md](CRAFT.md)), the split know-how ([SOURCE.md](SOURCE.md))
+or a rig-c/parts section, it is linked, not restated. The parts links point at
+the version a new project pins (2.4.0); in a project, read the same files under
+`node_modules/@rig-c/parts/`.
+
+Every rule carries its source: a craft note, a parts section, an owner ruling
+with its date, or a pilot measurement with its date.
+
+## The self-check
+
+Three items, run on every version before anyone looks, as the default. Each says
+what the defect looks like, how to measure it, and what to do when it fires.
+*Source*: owner ruling, 2026-11-03.
+
+### Min and max by default, tears always
+
+- **Looks like**: background or another layer showing through the figure (a
+  `tear`) at some frame of a motion, usually at an extreme.
+- **Measure**: for every animation, render the setup pose, the min and max
+  extreme frames and `|max − min|` at native scale. Check for tears on every run,
+  not only where the user's crux names a band. The tear count is the
+  [per-frame seam count](#count-the-seam-bar-over-every-frame).
+- **When it fires**: the defect is in the rig or its source, never the user's to
+  accept: fix the cut, mesh or source ([SOURCE.md](SOURCE.md#re-run-first)) and
+  measure again. See [CRAFT.md G1](CRAFT.md#for-the-gates-not-the-interview).
+
+### Grey lines at seams
+
+- **Looks like**: a thin grey or dark line along a part boundary — edge pixels
+  blended toward grey or black by premultiplied edges, padding bleed, or a matte
+  that was not removed.
+- **Measure**: crop every part boundary at native scale and 4× nearest-neighbour,
+  on a sentinel colour. A line darker or greyer than the painting at that place
+  is a defect. [CRAFT.md G2](CRAFT.md#for-the-gates-not-the-interview) is the
+  nearest gate row (the colour step across a boundary).
+- **When it fires**: find where the edge was blended — an export that
+  premultiplied the alpha, a packer's padding, a matte left on — and fix it at
+  that step, then crop again. A light line instead of a dark one points at a
+  white flatten ([SOURCE.md](SOURCE.md#upscale-a-small-source-first)).
+
+### Specks and holes in the split layers
+
+- **Looks like**: small loose dots of colour apart from a part (specks), and
+  transparent pinholes inside it (holes), in the part images straight out of
+  See-through.
+- **Measure**: on each layer PNG from the split, before `assemble`, on a sentinel
+  colour. Islands are 8-connected regions of alpha above 8. An island under 64 px
+  is a speck *candidate*; it is a speck only when the painting has no matching
+  content there (it lies outside the figure's silhouette, or its colour does not
+  match the painting at that place). Islands of 64 px or more, and candidates
+  that match the painting, are content. A hole is a transparent pixel inside the
+  layer's own silhouette (its alpha with enclosed regions filled). Report both
+  counts, specks and holes, per layer.
+- **When it fires**: re-run the split first
+  ([SOURCE.md § Re-run first](SOURCE.md#re-run-first)), not a cleanup in code.
+  This is [CRAFT.md G9](CRAFT.md#for-the-gates-not-the-interview), caught at the
+  split, earlier than G4's pinholes at rest.
+- *Source*: owner ruling, 2026-11-03; the 64 px candidate rule and the colour
+  match, pilot measurement, 2026-11-03.
+
+## What to show the user first
+
+Show the self-check first: the setup, the extremes and `|max − min|` per
+animation, the boundary crops labelled, the whole-figure diff map with every
+component listed, and the seam counts as max and frame. Then the motion, on the
+path that shows it (a gaze path for depth, never a sweep). A defect found by the
+self-check is fixed before the version is shown, not shown with a question.
+
+- **Why**: the user judges direction; a defect they find is a check the agent
+  skipped, and it costs a whole review.
+- *Source*: owner ruling, 2026-11-03.
+
+## The lessons
+
+### Extremes and boundaries before anyone looks
+
+- **Rule**: before anyone looks, have setup, the min and max extreme frames and
+  `|max − min|` per animation at native scale, and every changed part boundary
+  cropped native and 4× nearest-neighbour, each crop labelled `tear`, `ghost` or
+  `clean`, with a written look beside the metrics.
+- **Why**: a metric can pass on a defect it was not built for; a written look
+  names what the metric missed.
+- **How to check**: the crops exist for every boundary the version changed, each
+  has a label, and the look is in words, not only numbers.
+- *Source*: owner ruling, 2026-11-03.
+
+### Count the seam bar over every frame
+
+- **Rule**: a seam bar is counted over **every** frame of every animation —
+  background pixels inside the figure's silhouette, reported as the max and its
+  frame — never read from sampled frames. It includes both extremes of every
+  physics and breath motion.
+- **Why**: a tear opens for a few frames; sampled frames miss it, and a loop that
+  looks closed at every sample still tears in motion.
+- **How to check**: the report names the frame count rendered, equal to the
+  animation's frame count, and the max with its frame.
+  [CRAFT.md G1](CRAFT.md#for-the-gates-not-the-interview) is the gate row; parts'
+  `SEAM_OVER_MOTION` covers only some pairs as a bar (parts AUTHORING
+  [§7](https://github.com/rig-c/parts/blob/v2.37.0/docs/AUTHORING.md#7-the-bars-check-enforces-and-what-only-an-eye-answers-today)).
+- *Source*: owner ruling, 2026-11-03.
+
+### Inspect motion on a sentinel colour
+
+- **Rule**: inspect motion and crops on a sentinel colour (one the painting does
+  not use), as well as on white; not on a grey near the art.
+- **Why**: a grey near the art hides grey seam lines and tears that show it; white
+  hides light fringes.
+- **How to check**: every crop and motion check names its background, and one of
+  them is a sentinel colour.
+- *Source*: owner ruling, 2026-11-03.
+
+### Look at the true stack
+
+- **Rule**: look at the true stack of part images, not a render flattened on
+  white; crop on white and on a mid-grey or sentinel colour; make a whole-figure
+  |composite − painting| map with every component listed.
+- **Why**: a flattened render on white hides light fringes and holes over white
+  canvas; a list of boxes someone chose misses a seam outside them.
+- **How to check**: as the agent guide says, in its section *Before you ask, plan
+  or show* ([templates/agent-guide.md](../templates/agent-guide.md#before-you-ask-plan-or-show)).
+- *Source*: pilot measurement, 2026-11-03.
+
+### Judge a painted part by its pixels, not its bone axis
+
+- **Rule**: a painted part is judged by its rendered pixels, not by its bone's
+  axis or angle.
+- **Why**: a bone can sit at the right angle while the painted part it carries
+  reads crooked, and the viewer sees only the pixels.
+- **How to check**: the verdict on a part's pose cites a render of the part, not a
+  bone value.
+- *Source*: owner ruling, 2026-11-03.
+
+### Show depth on a gaze path, not a sweep
+
+- **Rule**: depth is shown on a gaze path (yaw and pitch together, uneven speed,
+  holds) or combined with an arm turn, never a dial sweep. A sweep finds defects
+  only.
+- **How to check**: the take shown has both axes moving, uneven timing and at
+  least one hold.
+- *Source*: [CRAFT.md P2](CRAFT.md#p2-show-depth-on-a-gaze-path-not-a-sweep);
+  owner ruling, 2026-11-03.
+
+### Cloth and hair are physics; a hem over nothing stays down; a small breath
+
+- **Rule**: cloth and hair move on physics, not keys; a hem with nothing painted
+  under it stays down; breath is small, with no squash.
+- **How to check**: no key track on a cloth or hair bone; the hem's lift never
+  shows empty canvas under it at any frame; the breath does not stretch the torso,
+  and the hips hold still.
+- *Source*: [CRAFT.md C1](CRAFT.md#c1-hair-and-loose-cloth-on-physics-soft-enough-to-trail),
+  [C3](CRAFT.md#c3-a-hem-over-nothing-stays-down),
+  [Mo1](CRAFT.md#mo1-a-small-breath-the-body-must-not-squash); owner ruling,
+  2026-11-03.
+
+### A fix is never a repaint or a changed motion offered to the user
+
+- **Rule**: a defect is fixed in the rig or its source. A repaint of the painting
+  or a change of motion is never offered to the user as the way out of it.
+- **Why**: the user chose the painting and the motion; trading them away for a
+  defect moves the agent's work onto the user's decisions.
+- **How to check**: a version's change list names the rig or source change for
+  each defect fixed; none reads "changed the motion" or "repainted" for a defect.
+- *Source*: [CRAFT.md § For the gates](CRAFT.md#for-the-gates-not-the-interview);
+  owner ruling, 2026-11-03.