@research-copilot/plugin 1.1.17 → 1.1.18

package/dist/skills/paper-poster-html/scripts/extract_pdf_figures.py

@@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""extract_pdf_figures -- pull real figures out of a paper PDF.
+
+The poster pipeline forbids fabricated visuals (DESIGN_FINAL Sec. 4): every
+``data-source="paper"`` image must be traceable back to a page+bbox of the
+source PDF, recorded in ``FIGURE_MANIFEST.json`` with a sha256 chain. This
+script is the acquisition end of that chain. It has three subcommands:
+
+  contact-sheet  Render every page at a modest dpi into
+                 ``DIR/contact_sheet_pNN.png`` with a labelled PDF-point
+                 coordinate grid overlaid. The grid lets a human (or an
+                 agent reading the PNG) read crop bboxes straight off the
+                 page, in the same point units that ``crop`` expects.
+  auto           Detect candidate figure regions on each page from three
+                 cheap signals -- vector-drawing clusters
+                 (``page.get_drawings``), embedded raster bboxes
+                 (``page.get_images``/``get_image_rects``), and the big
+                 vertical gaps between text blocks -- merge overlapping
+                 candidates, and print a table of (page, bbox, w x h,
+                 kind-guess). It NEVER writes images: it only proposes
+                 bboxes for a human/agent to pass to ``crop``.
+  crop           Render one page clipped to ``--bbox`` at ``--dpi`` into
+                 ``DIR/<name>.png`` and upsert that figure into
+                 ``FIGURE_MANIFEST.json`` (located at DIR's PARENT) with
+                 the full schema-D field set, incl. sha256 of the crop,
+                 its natural pixel size, and the source-PDF sha256.
+
+All bbox coordinates are PDF points (72 dpi, fitz's native top-left
+origin), so a number read off a contact-sheet axis can be fed verbatim to
+``crop --bbox``. PyMuPDF (``fitz``) and PIL are imported lazily inside the
+functions that need them, so ``--help`` works in a stripped environment and
+a missing dep yields a readable hint instead of an import traceback.
+"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import argparse
+import hashlib
+import json
+import os
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Make `_posterly` importable when run directly (consistent with the other
+# scripts in this dir); we reuse its ascii_safe output-boundary escaper.
+_THIS_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+if _THIS_DIR not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(0, _THIS_DIR)
+
+from _posterly.textutil import ascii_safe  # noqa: E402
+
+SCHEMA_VERSION = 1
+CONTACT_DPI = 110          # contact-sheet render dpi (readable, small files)
+GRID_STEP_PT = 50          # gridline spacing in PDF points
+PT_PER_INCH = 72.0
+
+
+def _eprint(*args: object, **kw: object) -> None:
+    print(*args, file=sys.stderr, **kw)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Lazy dependency loaders. Kept tiny so the import error message is the only
+# thing the caller sees when a dep is missing -- no half-initialised state.
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _load_fitz():
+    """Import PyMuPDF or exit(2) with an actionable message.
+
+    PyMuPDF is the engine for everything here (page raster, drawings,
+    image bboxes), so a missing import is a hard environment error, not a
+    degradation we can route around.
+    """
+    try:
+        import fitz  # type: ignore  # noqa: F401
+        return fitz
+    except ImportError:
+        _eprint(
+            "ERROR: PyMuPDF (fitz) not installed -- required for all "
+            "extract_pdf_figures subcommands. Install with:\n"
+            "  python -m pip install pymupdf"
+        )
+        raise SystemExit(2)
+
+
+def _load_pil():
+    """Import PIL pieces or exit(2). Only the image-writing paths
+    (contact-sheet, crop) need PIL; ``auto`` does not, so it stays usable
+    even if PIL is absent."""
+    try:
+        from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont  # type: ignore
+        return Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
+    except ImportError:
+        _eprint(
+            "ERROR: Pillow (PIL) not installed -- required for "
+            "contact-sheet / crop rendering. Install with:\n"
+            "  python -m pip install pillow"
+        )
+        raise SystemExit(2)
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Small shared helpers.
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _sha256_file(path: Path) -> str:
+    """Stream a file through sha256 (figures can be many MB; don't slurp)."""
+    h = hashlib.sha256()
+    with open(path, "rb") as fh:
+        for chunk in iter(lambda: fh.read(1 << 20), b""):
+            h.update(chunk)
+    return h.hexdigest()
+
+
+def _pix_to_pil(pix, Image):
+    """Convert a fitz Pixmap to a PIL RGB image without a temp file.
+
+    fitz hands us raw interleaved samples; an alpha plane (n==4) or a
+    grayscale plane (n==1) is normalised to RGB so the grid overlay and
+    downstream PNG are uniform.
+    """
+    mode = "RGB"
+    if pix.n == 1:
+        mode = "L"
+    elif pix.n == 4:
+        mode = "RGBA"
+    img = Image.frombytes(mode, (pix.width, pix.height), pix.samples)
+    return img.convert("RGB")
+
+
+def _open_doc(fitz, pdf_path: Path):
+    """Open the PDF or exit(2) with a readable error (corrupt/missing)."""
+    try:
+        return fitz.open(str(pdf_path))
+    except Exception as exc:  # fitz raises a variety of types
+        _eprint(f"ERROR: could not open PDF {ascii_safe(pdf_path)}: "
+                f"{ascii_safe(exc)}")
+        raise SystemExit(2)
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# contact-sheet
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def cmd_contact_sheet(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
+    """Render each page to a gridded PNG so bboxes can be read by eye.
+
+    The grid is drawn in PDF-point space (every GRID_STEP_PT points) and
+    labelled with the point value on both axes. Because ``crop`` consumes
+    point bboxes, a reader can line a figure up against the gridlines and
+    transcribe ``x0,y0,x1,y1`` directly -- no dpi arithmetic.
+    """
+    fitz = _load_fitz()
+    Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont = _load_pil()
+
+    pdf_path = Path(args.pdf).resolve()
+    if not pdf_path.exists():
+        _eprint(f"ERROR: PDF not found: {ascii_safe(pdf_path)}")
+        return 2
+    out_dir = Path(args.out)
+    out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    doc = _open_doc(fitz, pdf_path)
+    scale = CONTACT_DPI / PT_PER_INCH        # px per point
+    matrix = fitz.Matrix(scale, scale)
+    font = ImageFont.load_default()
+
+    written: list[str] = []
+    for pno in range(doc.page_count):
+        page = doc[pno]
+        pix = page.get_pixmap(matrix=matrix)
+        img = _pix_to_pil(pix, Image)
+        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
+
+        rect = page.rect                      # page box in points
+        w_pt, h_pt = rect.width, rect.height
+
+        # Light gridlines + axis labels. Vertical lines step across X,
+        # horizontal lines step down Y; both labelled with the point value.
+        grid_rgb = (170, 200, 230)
+        label_rgb = (40, 90, 150)
+        x = 0.0
+        while x <= w_pt + 0.1:
+            px = x * scale
+            draw.line([(px, 0), (px, img.height)], fill=grid_rgb, width=1)
+            draw.text((px + 2, 2), str(int(x)), fill=label_rgb, font=font)
+            x += GRID_STEP_PT
+        y = 0.0
+        while y <= h_pt + 0.1:
+            py = y * scale
+            draw.line([(0, py), (img.width, py)], fill=grid_rgb, width=1)
+            draw.text((2, py + 2), str(int(y)), fill=label_rgb, font=font)
+            y += GRID_STEP_PT
+
+        # Header caption: page index (1-based) + page size in points, so a
+        # reader knows the coordinate frame the grid is drawn in.
+        caption = (f"page {pno + 1}/{doc.page_count}  "
+                   f"size={int(round(w_pt))}x{int(round(h_pt))}pt  "
+                   f"grid={GRID_STEP_PT}pt")
+        draw.rectangle([0, 0, max(2, len(caption) * 7), 14],
+                       fill=(255, 255, 255))
+        draw.text((2, 1), caption, fill=label_rgb, font=font)
+
+        out_path = out_dir / f"contact_sheet_p{pno + 1:02d}.png"
+        img.save(out_path)
+        written.append(str(out_path))
+        print(f"[contact-sheet] page {pno + 1}: "
+              f"{int(round(w_pt))}x{int(round(h_pt))}pt -> "
+              f"{ascii_safe(out_path)}")
+
+    doc.close()
+    if not written:
+        _eprint("ERROR: PDF has no pages.")
+        return 1
+    print(f"[contact-sheet] wrote {len(written)} sheet(s) to "
+          f"{ascii_safe(out_dir)} at {CONTACT_DPI} dpi.")
+    return 0
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# auto -- candidate region detection
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _rects_overlap(a, b) -> bool:
+    """True if two (x0,y0,x1,y1) point rects overlap or touch."""
+    return not (a[2] < b[0] or b[2] < a[0] or a[3] < b[1] or b[3] < a[1])
+
+
+def _union_rect(a, b):
+    return (min(a[0], b[0]), min(a[1], b[1]),
+            max(a[2], b[2]), max(a[3], b[3]))
+
+
+def _merge_candidates(cands: list[dict]) -> list[dict]:
+    """Greedily merge overlapping candidate rects.
+
+    Candidates come from three independent signals (vectors, rasters, text
+    gaps) that frequently describe the SAME figure (a plot is both vector
+    strokes and an embedded raster). Merging overlaps collapses those into
+    one region. ``kind`` is concatenated so the table still shows what
+    signals contributed (e.g. ``vector+image``).
+    """
+    merged: list[dict] = []
+    for c in sorted(cands, key=lambda d: (d["page"], d["bbox"][1])):
+        placed = False
+        for m in merged:
+            if m["page"] == c["page"] and _rects_overlap(m["bbox"], c["bbox"]):
+                m["bbox"] = _union_rect(m["bbox"], c["bbox"])
+                kinds = set(m["kind"].split("+")) | set(c["kind"].split("+"))
+                m["kind"] = "+".join(sorted(kinds))
+                placed = True
+                break
+        if not placed:
+            merged.append(dict(c))
+    return merged
+
+
+def _text_gap_candidates(page, min_gap_pt: float) -> list[dict]:
+    """Propose figure regions from big vertical voids between text blocks.
+
+    A figure with no vector strokes and no embedded raster (e.g. a
+    flattened image drawn as a single form XObject, or a wide table laid
+    out with rules) still shows up as a tall blank band between two text
+    blocks. We scan the gaps between consecutive text-block y-extents and
+    flag any taller than ``min_gap_pt`` as a 'gap' candidate spanning the
+    page's text column width.
+    """
+    rect = page.rect
+    blocks = [b for b in page.get_text("blocks") if (b[4] or "").strip()]
+    if not blocks:
+        return []
+    blocks.sort(key=lambda b: b[1])           # by top y
+    # Text column extent (min x0 .. max x1) bounds the candidate width.
+    col_x0 = min(b[0] for b in blocks)
+    col_x1 = max(b[2] for b in blocks)
+    out: list[dict] = []
+    for prev, cur in zip(blocks, blocks[1:]):
+        gap_top = prev[3]                     # bottom of previous block
+        gap_bot = cur[1]                      # top of next block
+        if gap_bot - gap_top >= min_gap_pt:
+            out.append({
+                "page": page.number + 1,
+                "bbox": (round(col_x0, 1), round(gap_top, 1),
+                         round(col_x1, 1), round(gap_bot, 1)),
+                "kind": "gap",
+            })
+    # Also a leading gap at top-of-page (banner figure above first block).
+    top_lead = blocks[0][1] - rect.y0
+    if top_lead >= min_gap_pt:
+        out.append({
+            "page": page.number + 1,
+            "bbox": (round(col_x0, 1), round(rect.y0, 1),
+                     round(col_x1, 1), round(blocks[0][1], 1)),
+            "kind": "gap",
+        })
+    return out
+
+
+def _vector_candidates(page, min_area_pt2: float) -> list[dict]:
+    """Cluster vector drawings into figure-sized regions.
+
+    Individual ``get_drawings`` items are tiny (one stroke); we union all
+    drawing rects that overlap into clusters, then keep clusters whose
+    area clears ``min_area_pt2`` (filters out rules, underlines, and box
+    borders that aren't really figures).
+    """
+    draws = page.get_drawings()
+    rects = []
+    for d in draws:
+        r = d.get("rect")
+        if r is None:
+            continue
+        # Skip zero-area / degenerate strokes.
+        if r.width <= 0 or r.height <= 0:
+            continue
+        rects.append((r.x0, r.y0, r.x1, r.y1))
+    if not rects:
+        return []
+    # Union-by-overlap clustering (same greedy merge as candidates).
+    clusters: list[list[float]] = []
+    for r in sorted(rects, key=lambda t: t[1]):
+        placed = False
+        for c in clusters:
+            if _rects_overlap(c, r):
+                c[0], c[1] = min(c[0], r[0]), min(c[1], r[1])
+                c[2], c[3] = max(c[2], r[2]), max(c[3], r[3])
+                placed = True
+                break
+        if not placed:
+            clusters.append(list(r))
+    out = []
+    for c in clusters:
+        area = (c[2] - c[0]) * (c[3] - c[1])
+        if area >= min_area_pt2:
+            out.append({
+                "page": page.number + 1,
+                "bbox": (round(c[0], 1), round(c[1], 1),
+                         round(c[2], 1), round(c[3], 1)),
+                "kind": "vector",
+            })
+    return out
+
+
+def _image_candidates(page) -> list[dict]:
+    """Embedded-raster bboxes via get_image_rects (placed location)."""
+    out = []
+    for img in page.get_images(full=True):
+        xref = img[0]
+        try:
+            for r in page.get_image_rects(xref):
+                if r.width <= 0 or r.height <= 0:
+                    continue
+                out.append({
+                    "page": page.number + 1,
+                    "bbox": (round(r.x0, 1), round(r.y0, 1),
+                             round(r.x1, 1), round(r.y1, 1)),
+                    "kind": "image",
+                })
+        except Exception:
+            # Some xrefs aren't placed on the page (soft mask, inline);
+            # skip rather than abort the whole scan.
+            continue
+    return out
+
+
+def _guess_kind(kind: str, bbox) -> str:
+    """Refine the merged signal label into a human-facing guess.
+
+    Pure 'gap' regions that are much wider than tall read like tables/banners;
+    we surface that as 'table?' so a reviewer doesn't crop a table expecting
+    a plot. Image/vector signals are reported as-is (most reliable).
+    """
+    w = bbox[2] - bbox[0]
+    h = bbox[3] - bbox[1]
+    if kind == "gap":
+        if h > 0 and (w / h) >= 3.0:
+            return "table?"
+        return "region?"
+    return kind
+
+
+def cmd_auto(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
+    """Detect + print candidate figure regions; write nothing.
+
+    The output table is the contract: page, bbox(points), w x h, kind-guess.
+    Bboxes are point rects directly usable as ``crop --bbox x0,y0,x1,y1``.
+    """
+    fitz = _load_fitz()
+
+    pdf_path = Path(args.pdf).resolve()
+    if not pdf_path.exists():
+        _eprint(f"ERROR: PDF not found: {ascii_safe(pdf_path)}")
+        return 2
+    # `auto` writes nothing, but --out is a required top-level arg; tolerate
+    # its absence (don't create dirs we won't use).
+
+    doc = _open_doc(fitz, pdf_path)
+    min_area = args.min_area
+    min_gap = args.min_gap
+
+    all_cands: list[dict] = []
+    for pno in range(doc.page_count):
+        page = doc[pno]
+        all_cands += _vector_candidates(page, min_area)
+        all_cands += _image_candidates(page)
+        all_cands += _text_gap_candidates(page, min_gap)
+
+    merged = _merge_candidates(all_cands)
+    # Drop merged regions below the min area floor (a tiny vector that only
+    # survived because it merged with a text gap, say).
+    merged = [m for m in merged
+              if (m["bbox"][2] - m["bbox"][0]) * (m["bbox"][3] - m["bbox"][1])
+              >= min_area]
+    merged.sort(key=lambda m: (m["page"], m["bbox"][1]))
+
+    doc.close()
+
+    # Print a fixed-width table. kind-guess folds the merged signal label.
+    print(f"# candidate figure regions for {ascii_safe(pdf_path.name)} "
+          f"(units: PDF points; bbox = x0,y0,x1,y1)")
+    print(f"{'page':>4}  {'bbox (x0,y0,x1,y1)':<30}  "
+          f"{'w x h':<16}  kind-guess")
+    print("-" * 70)
+    if not merged:
+        print("(no candidates >= min-area; lower --min-area or use "
+              "contact-sheet to pick a bbox by hand)")
+    for m in merged:
+        b = m["bbox"]
+        w = b[2] - b[0]
+        h = b[3] - b[1]
+        bbox_s = f"{b[0]:.0f},{b[1]:.0f},{b[2]:.0f},{b[3]:.0f}"
+        wh_s = f"{w:.0f} x {h:.0f}"
+        kind = _guess_kind(m["kind"], b)
+        print(f"{m['page']:>4}  {bbox_s:<30}  {wh_s:<16}  {kind}")
+    print("-" * 70)
+    print(f"# {len(merged)} candidate(s). Crop one with:\n"
+          f"#   python3 extract_pdf_figures.py {ascii_safe(pdf_path.name)} "
+          f"--out DIR crop --page P --bbox x0,y0,x1,y1 --name fig_id")
+    return 0
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# crop -- render region + manifest upsert
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def _parse_bbox(s: str) -> tuple[float, float, float, float]:
+    """Parse 'x0,y0,x1,y1' point bbox or raise argparse error."""
+    parts = s.split(",")
+    if len(parts) != 4:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            f"--bbox must be 'x0,y0,x1,y1' (4 numbers), got {s!r}")
+    try:
+        x0, y0, x1, y1 = (float(p) for p in parts)
+    except ValueError:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            f"--bbox values must be numbers, got {s!r}")
+    if x1 <= x0 or y1 <= y0:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(
+            f"--bbox must have x1>x0 and y1>y0, got {s!r}")
+    return (x0, y0, x1, y1)
+
+
+def _manifest_path_for(out_dir: Path) -> Path:
+    """Manifest lives at DIR's PARENT (contract C/D): the convention is
+    ``poster_html/FIGURE_MANIFEST.json`` while crops land in
+    ``poster_html/assets/paper_figures/``."""
+    return out_dir.resolve().parent / "FIGURE_MANIFEST.json"
+
+
+def _rel_file_path(manifest_path: Path, png_path: Path) -> str:
+    """Manifest 'file' field is relative to the manifest's directory when
+    possible (matches the schema-D example 'assets/paper_figures/x.png');
+    fall back to an absolute path if the crop lives outside the manifest
+    tree."""
+    try:
+        return str(png_path.resolve().relative_to(manifest_path.parent))
+    except ValueError:
+        return str(png_path.resolve())
+
+
+def _load_manifest(manifest_path: Path, pdf_path: Path,
+                   pdf_sha: str) -> dict:
+    """Load an existing manifest or seed a fresh one.
+
+    If a manifest exists for a DIFFERENT source PDF we keep its recorded
+    source_pdf untouched only when the sha matches; otherwise we overwrite
+    source_pdf with the current PDF (the common case is re-running against
+    the same paper, and a sha mismatch means the old record is stale).
+    """
+    if manifest_path.exists():
+        try:
+            data = json.loads(manifest_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        except (json.JSONDecodeError, OSError) as exc:
+            _eprint(f"ERROR: existing manifest is unreadable: "
+                    f"{ascii_safe(exc)}")
+            raise SystemExit(1)
+        data.setdefault("schema_version", SCHEMA_VERSION)
+        data.setdefault("figures", [])
+        # Refresh source_pdf if missing or pointing at a different file.
+        src = data.get("source_pdf") or {}
+        if src.get("sha256") != pdf_sha:
+            data["source_pdf"] = {"path": str(pdf_path), "sha256": pdf_sha}
+        return data
+    return {
+        "schema_version": SCHEMA_VERSION,
+        "source_pdf": {"path": str(pdf_path), "sha256": pdf_sha},
+        "figures": [],
+    }
+
+
+def _upsert_figure(manifest: dict, entry: dict) -> None:
+    """Insert or replace the figure with this asset_id (upsert by id)."""
+    figs = manifest["figures"]
+    for i, f in enumerate(figs):
+        if f.get("asset_id") == entry["asset_id"]:
+            figs[i] = entry
+            return
+    figs.append(entry)
+
+
+def cmd_crop(args: argparse.Namespace) -> int:
+    """Render one page clipped to a point bbox at --dpi, then upsert the
+    manifest with the full schema-D field set (incl. sha chains)."""
+    fitz = _load_fitz()
+    Image, _ImageDraw, _ImageFont = _load_pil()
+
+    pdf_path = Path(args.pdf).resolve()
+    if not pdf_path.exists():
+        _eprint(f"ERROR: PDF not found: {ascii_safe(pdf_path)}")
+        return 2
+    out_dir = Path(args.out)
+    out_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    doc = _open_doc(fitz, pdf_path)
+    page_idx = args.page - 1                   # CLI page is 1-based
+    if page_idx < 0 or page_idx >= doc.page_count:
+        _eprint(f"ERROR: --page {args.page} out of range "
+                f"(PDF has {doc.page_count} page(s)).")
+        doc.close()
+        return 2
+    page = doc[page_idx]
+
+    x0, y0, x1, y1 = args.bbox
+    clip = fitz.Rect(x0, y0, x1, y1)
+    # Clamp the bbox to the page so a slightly-too-wide crop (common when
+    # reading off the grid) doesn't error -- but warn so the caller knows.
+    page_rect = page.rect
+    clamped = clip & page_rect                 # intersection
+    if clamped.is_empty:
+        _eprint(f"ERROR: --bbox {x0},{y0},{x1},{y1} does not intersect "
+                f"page {args.page} (size "
+                f"{page_rect.width:.0f}x{page_rect.height:.0f}pt).")
+        doc.close()
+        return 2
+    if (abs(clamped.x0 - x0) > 0.5 or abs(clamped.y0 - y0) > 0.5
+            or abs(clamped.x1 - x1) > 0.5 or abs(clamped.y1 - y1) > 0.5):
+        _eprint(f"[crop] WARN: bbox clamped to page bounds: "
+                f"{clamped.x0:.0f},{clamped.y0:.0f},"
+                f"{clamped.x1:.0f},{clamped.y1:.0f}")
+    clip = clamped
+
+    scale = args.dpi / PT_PER_INCH
+    matrix = fitz.Matrix(scale, scale)
+    pix = page.get_pixmap(matrix=matrix, clip=clip)
+    img = _pix_to_pil(pix, Image)
+
+    name = args.name
+    if not name.lower().endswith(".png"):
+        png_path = out_dir / f"{name}.png"
+    else:
+        png_path = out_dir / name
+        name = name[:-4]
+    img.save(png_path)
+    natural_px = [img.width, img.height]
+    crop_sha = _sha256_file(png_path)
+    pdf_sha = _sha256_file(pdf_path)
+
+    manifest_path = _manifest_path_for(out_dir)
+    manifest = _load_manifest(manifest_path, pdf_path, pdf_sha)
+    entry = {
+        "asset_id": name,
+        "file": _rel_file_path(manifest_path, png_path),
+        "from_paper": True,
+        "page": args.page,
+        # Record the (possibly clamped) bbox actually rendered, rounded to
+        # match schema-D's float-point style.
+        "bbox": [round(clip.x0, 1), round(clip.y0, 1),
+                 round(clip.x1, 1), round(clip.y1, 1)],
+        "dpi": args.dpi,
+        "sha256": crop_sha,
+        "natural_px": natural_px,
+        "caption_hint": args.caption_hint or "",
+    }
+    _upsert_figure(manifest, entry)
+    manifest_path.write_text(
+        json.dumps(manifest, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False) + "\n",
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    doc.close()
+    print(f"[crop] page {args.page} bbox=({clip.x0:.0f},{clip.y0:.0f},"
+          f"{clip.x1:.0f},{clip.y1:.0f})pt @ {args.dpi}dpi -> "
+          f"{ascii_safe(png_path)} ({natural_px[0]}x{natural_px[1]}px)")
+    print(f"[crop] manifest upserted: {ascii_safe(manifest_path)} "
+          f"(asset_id={name})")
+    return 0
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# argument parser
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def build_parser() -> argparse.ArgumentParser:
+    p = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="extract_pdf_figures",
+        description="Extract real paper figures from a PDF (contact-sheet "
+                    "/ auto / crop). bbox units = PDF points.",
+    )
+    p.add_argument("pdf", help="source paper PDF")
+    p.add_argument("--out", required=True,
+                   help="output directory for PNGs (manifest is written to "
+                        "this dir's PARENT as FIGURE_MANIFEST.json)")
+    p.add_argument("--dpi", type=int, default=350,
+                   help="crop render dpi (default 350; contact-sheet is "
+                        "fixed at a modest dpi for readability)")
+    sub = p.add_subparsers(dest="cmd", required=True)
+
+    pc = sub.add_parser(
+        "contact-sheet",
+        help="render every page with a labelled PDF-point grid overlay",
+    )
+    pc.set_defaults(func=cmd_contact_sheet)
+
+    pa = sub.add_parser(
+        "auto",
+        help="detect + print candidate figure regions (writes nothing)",
+    )
+    pa.add_argument(
+        "--min-area", type=float, default=10000.0,
+        help="ignore candidate regions below this area in point^2 "
+             "(default 10000, ~ 100x100pt; filters rules and borders)",
+    )
+    pa.add_argument(
+        "--min-gap", type=float, default=60.0,
+        help="min vertical void between text blocks (points) to flag as a "
+             "figure-region candidate (default 60)",
+    )
+    pa.set_defaults(func=cmd_auto)
+
+    pcr = sub.add_parser(
+        "crop",
+        help="render page clipped to --bbox and upsert FIGURE_MANIFEST.json",
+    )
+    pcr.add_argument("--page", type=int, required=True,
+                     help="1-based page number")
+    pcr.add_argument("--bbox", type=_parse_bbox, required=True,
+                     help="crop bbox in PDF points: x0,y0,x1,y1")
+    pcr.add_argument("--name", required=True,
+                     help="asset_id / output PNG stem (e.g. fig_method)")
+    pcr.add_argument("--caption-hint", default=None,
+                     help="optional caption hint stored in the manifest")
+    pcr.set_defaults(func=cmd_crop)
+
+    return p
+
+
+def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
+    args = build_parser().parse_args(argv)
+    return args.func(args)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())