@react-three/fiber 10.0.0-alpha.2 → 10.0.0-canary.164c7be

package/dist/webgpu/index.cjs

@@ -6,8 +6,15 @@ const jsxRuntime = require('react/jsx-runtime');
 const React = require('react');
 const useMeasure = require('react-use-measure');
 const itsFine = require('its-fine');
+const fiber = require('@react-three/fiber');
+const GroundedSkybox_js = require('three/examples/jsm/objects/GroundedSkybox.js');
+const HDRLoader_js = require('three/examples/jsm/loaders/HDRLoader.js');
+const EXRLoader_js = require('three/examples/jsm/loaders/EXRLoader.js');
+const UltraHDRLoader_js = require('three/examples/jsm/loaders/UltraHDRLoader.js');
+const gainmapJs = require('@monogrid/gainmap-js');
 const Tb = require('scheduler');
 const traditional = require('zustand/traditional');
+const scheduler = require('@pmndrs/scheduler');
 const suspendReact = require('suspend-react');
 const lite = require('dequal/lite');
 require('zustand/shallow');
@@ -67,9 +74,392 @@ const THREE = /*#__PURE__*/_mergeNamespaces({
   WebGLRenderer: WebGLRenderer
 }, [webgpu__namespace]);
 
-var __defProp$3 = Object.defineProperty;
-var __defNormalProp$3 = (obj, key, value) => key in obj ? __defProp$3(obj, key, { enumerable: true, configurable: true, writable: true, value }) : obj[key] = value;
-var __publicField$3 = (obj, key, value) => __defNormalProp$3(obj, typeof key !== "symbol" ? key + "" : key, value);
+const primaryRegistry = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+const pendingSubscribers = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
+function registerPrimary(id, renderer, store) {
+  if (primaryRegistry.has(id)) {
+    console.warn(`Canvas with id="${id}" already registered. Overwriting.`);
+  }
+  const entry = { renderer, store };
+  primaryRegistry.set(id, entry);
+  const subscribers = pendingSubscribers.get(id);
+  if (subscribers) {
+    subscribers.forEach((callback) => callback(entry));
+    pendingSubscribers.delete(id);
+  }
+  return () => {
+    const currentEntry = primaryRegistry.get(id);
+    if (currentEntry?.renderer === renderer) {
+      primaryRegistry.delete(id);
+    }
+  };
+}
+function getPrimary(id) {
+  return primaryRegistry.get(id);
+}
+function waitForPrimary(id, timeout = 5e3) {
+  const existing = primaryRegistry.get(id);
+  if (existing) {
+    return Promise.resolve(existing);
+  }
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
+      const subscribers = pendingSubscribers.get(id);
+      if (subscribers) {
+        const index = subscribers.indexOf(callback);
+        if (index !== -1) subscribers.splice(index, 1);
+        if (subscribers.length === 0) pendingSubscribers.delete(id);
+      }
+      reject(new Error(`Timeout waiting for canvas with id="${id}". Make sure a <Canvas id="${id}"> is mounted.`));
+    }, timeout);
+    const callback = (entry) => {
+      clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+      resolve(entry);
+    };
+    if (!pendingSubscribers.has(id)) {
+      pendingSubscribers.set(id, []);
+    }
+    pendingSubscribers.get(id).push(callback);
+  });
+}
+function hasPrimary(id) {
+  return primaryRegistry.has(id);
+}
+function unregisterPrimary(id) {
+  primaryRegistry.delete(id);
+}
+function getPrimaryIds() {
+  return Array.from(primaryRegistry.keys());
+}
+
+const presetsObj = {
+  apartment: "lebombo_1k.hdr",
+  city: "potsdamer_platz_1k.hdr",
+  dawn: "kiara_1_dawn_1k.hdr",
+  forest: "forest_slope_1k.hdr",
+  lobby: "st_fagans_interior_1k.hdr",
+  night: "dikhololo_night_1k.hdr",
+  park: "rooitou_park_1k.hdr",
+  studio: "studio_small_03_1k.hdr",
+  sunset: "venice_sunset_1k.hdr",
+  warehouse: "empty_warehouse_01_1k.hdr"
+};
+
+const CUBEMAP_ROOT = "https://raw.githack.com/pmndrs/drei-assets/456060a26bbeb8fdf79326f224b6d99b8bcce736/hdri/";
+const isArray = (arr) => Array.isArray(arr);
+const defaultFiles = ["/px.png", "/nx.png", "/py.png", "/ny.png", "/pz.png", "/nz.png"];
+function useEnvironment({
+  files = defaultFiles,
+  path = "",
+  preset = void 0,
+  colorSpace = void 0,
+  extensions
+} = {}) {
+  if (preset) {
+    validatePreset(preset);
+    files = presetsObj[preset];
+    path = CUBEMAP_ROOT;
+  }
+  const multiFile = isArray(files);
+  const { extension, isCubemap } = getExtension(files);
+  const loader = getLoader$1(extension);
+  if (!loader) throw new Error("useEnvironment: Unrecognized file extension: " + files);
+  const renderer = fiber.useThree((state) => state.renderer);
+  React.useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    if (extension !== "webp" && extension !== "jpg" && extension !== "jpeg") return;
+    function clearGainmapTexture() {
+      fiber.useLoader.clear(loader, multiFile ? [files] : files);
+    }
+    renderer.domElement.addEventListener("webglcontextlost", clearGainmapTexture, { once: true });
+  }, [extension, files, loader, multiFile, renderer.domElement]);
+  const loaderResult = fiber.useLoader(
+    loader,
+    multiFile ? [files] : files,
+    (loader2) => {
+      if (extension === "webp" || extension === "jpg" || extension === "jpeg") {
+        loader2.setRenderer?.(renderer);
+      }
+      loader2.setPath?.(path);
+      if (extensions) extensions(loader2);
+    }
+  );
+  let texture = multiFile ? (
+    // @ts-ignore
+    loaderResult[0]
+  ) : loaderResult;
+  if (extension === "jpg" || extension === "jpeg" || extension === "webp") {
+    texture = texture.renderTarget?.texture;
+  }
+  texture.mapping = isCubemap ? webgpu.CubeReflectionMapping : webgpu.EquirectangularReflectionMapping;
+  texture.colorSpace = colorSpace ?? (isCubemap ? "srgb" : "srgb-linear");
+  return texture;
+}
+const preloadDefaultOptions = {
+  files: defaultFiles,
+  path: "",
+  preset: void 0,
+  extensions: void 0
+};
+useEnvironment.preload = (preloadOptions) => {
+  const options = { ...preloadDefaultOptions, ...preloadOptions };
+  let { files, path = "" } = options;
+  const { preset, extensions } = options;
+  if (preset) {
+    validatePreset(preset);
+    files = presetsObj[preset];
+    path = CUBEMAP_ROOT;
+  }
+  const { extension } = getExtension(files);
+  if (extension === "webp" || extension === "jpg" || extension === "jpeg") {
+    throw new Error("useEnvironment: Preloading gainmaps is not supported");
+  }
+  const loader = getLoader$1(extension);
+  if (!loader) throw new Error("useEnvironment: Unrecognized file extension: " + files);
+  fiber.useLoader.preload(loader, isArray(files) ? [files] : files, (loader2) => {
+    loader2.setPath?.(path);
+    if (extensions) extensions(loader2);
+  });
+};
+const clearDefaultOptins = {
+  files: defaultFiles,
+  preset: void 0
+};
+useEnvironment.clear = (clearOptions) => {
+  const options = { ...clearDefaultOptins, ...clearOptions };
+  let { files } = options;
+  const { preset } = options;
+  if (preset) {
+    validatePreset(preset);
+    files = presetsObj[preset];
+  }
+  const { extension } = getExtension(files);
+  const loader = getLoader$1(extension);
+  if (!loader) throw new Error("useEnvironment: Unrecognized file extension: " + files);
+  fiber.useLoader.clear(loader, isArray(files) ? [files] : files);
+};
+function validatePreset(preset) {
+  if (!(preset in presetsObj)) throw new Error("Preset must be one of: " + Object.keys(presetsObj).join(", "));
+}
+function getExtension(files) {
+  const isCubemap = isArray(files) && files.length === 6;
+  const isGainmap = isArray(files) && files.length === 3 && files.some((file) => file.endsWith("json"));
+  const firstEntry = isArray(files) ? files[0] : files;
+  const extension = isCubemap ? "cube" : isGainmap ? "webp" : firstEntry.startsWith("data:application/exr") ? "exr" : firstEntry.startsWith("data:application/hdr") ? "hdr" : firstEntry.startsWith("data:image/jpeg") ? "jpg" : firstEntry.split(".").pop()?.split("?")?.shift()?.toLowerCase();
+  return { extension, isCubemap, isGainmap };
+}
+function getLoader$1(extension) {
+  const loader = extension === "cube" ? webgpu.CubeTextureLoader : extension === "hdr" ? HDRLoader_js.HDRLoader : extension === "exr" ? EXRLoader_js.EXRLoader : extension === "jpg" || extension === "jpeg" ? UltraHDRLoader_js.UltraHDRLoader : extension === "webp" ? gainmapJs.GainMapLoader : null;
+  return loader;
+}
+
+const isRef$1 = (obj) => obj.current && obj.current.isScene;
+const resolveScene = (scene) => isRef$1(scene) ? scene.current : scene;
+function setEnvProps(background, scene, defaultScene, texture, sceneProps = {}) {
+  sceneProps = {
+    backgroundBlurriness: 0,
+    backgroundIntensity: 1,
+    backgroundRotation: [0, 0, 0],
+    environmentIntensity: 1,
+    environmentRotation: [0, 0, 0],
+    ...sceneProps
+  };
+  const target = resolveScene(scene || defaultScene);
+  const oldbg = target.background;
+  const oldenv = target.environment;
+  const oldSceneProps = {
+    // @ts-ignore
+    backgroundBlurriness: target.backgroundBlurriness,
+    // @ts-ignore
+    backgroundIntensity: target.backgroundIntensity,
+    // @ts-ignore
+    backgroundRotation: target.backgroundRotation?.clone?.() ?? [0, 0, 0],
+    // @ts-ignore
+    environmentIntensity: target.environmentIntensity,
+    // @ts-ignore
+    environmentRotation: target.environmentRotation?.clone?.() ?? [0, 0, 0]
+  };
+  if (background !== "only") target.environment = texture;
+  if (background) target.background = texture;
+  fiber.applyProps(target, sceneProps);
+  return () => {
+    if (background !== "only") target.environment = oldenv;
+    if (background) target.background = oldbg;
+    fiber.applyProps(target, oldSceneProps);
+  };
+}
+function EnvironmentMap({ scene, background = false, map, ...config }) {
+  const defaultScene = fiber.useThree((state) => state.scene);
+  React__namespace.useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    if (map) return setEnvProps(background, scene, defaultScene, map, config);
+  });
+  return null;
+}
+function EnvironmentCube({
+  background = false,
+  scene,
+  blur,
+  backgroundBlurriness,
+  backgroundIntensity,
+  backgroundRotation,
+  environmentIntensity,
+  environmentRotation,
+  ...rest
+}) {
+  const texture = useEnvironment(rest);
+  const defaultScene = fiber.useThree((state) => state.scene);
+  React__namespace.useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    return setEnvProps(background, scene, defaultScene, texture, {
+      backgroundBlurriness: blur ?? backgroundBlurriness,
+      backgroundIntensity,
+      backgroundRotation,
+      environmentIntensity,
+      environmentRotation
+    });
+  });
+  React__namespace.useEffect(() => {
+    return () => {
+      texture.dispose();
+    };
+  }, [texture]);
+  return null;
+}
+function EnvironmentPortal({
+  children,
+  near = 0.1,
+  far = 1e3,
+  resolution = 256,
+  frames = 1,
+  map,
+  background = false,
+  blur,
+  backgroundBlurriness,
+  backgroundIntensity,
+  backgroundRotation,
+  environmentIntensity,
+  environmentRotation,
+  scene,
+  files,
+  path,
+  preset = void 0,
+  extensions
+}) {
+  const gl = fiber.useThree((state) => state.gl);
+  const defaultScene = fiber.useThree((state) => state.scene);
+  const camera = React__namespace.useRef(null);
+  const [virtualScene] = React__namespace.useState(() => new webgpu.Scene());
+  const fbo = React__namespace.useMemo(() => {
+    const fbo2 = new webgpu.WebGLCubeRenderTarget(resolution);
+    fbo2.texture.type = webgpu.HalfFloatType;
+    return fbo2;
+  }, [resolution]);
+  React__namespace.useEffect(() => {
+    return () => {
+      fbo.dispose();
+    };
+  }, [fbo]);
+  React__namespace.useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    if (frames === 1) {
+      const autoClear = gl.autoClear;
+      gl.autoClear = true;
+      camera.current.update(gl, virtualScene);
+      gl.autoClear = autoClear;
+    }
+    return setEnvProps(background, scene, defaultScene, fbo.texture, {
+      backgroundBlurriness: blur ?? backgroundBlurriness,
+      backgroundIntensity,
+      backgroundRotation,
+      environmentIntensity,
+      environmentRotation
+    });
+  }, [
+    children,
+    virtualScene,
+    fbo.texture,
+    scene,
+    defaultScene,
+    background,
+    frames,
+    gl,
+    blur,
+    backgroundBlurriness,
+    backgroundIntensity,
+    backgroundRotation,
+    environmentIntensity,
+    environmentRotation
+  ]);
+  let count = 1;
+  fiber.useFrame(() => {
+    if (frames === Infinity || count < frames) {
+      const autoClear = gl.autoClear;
+      gl.autoClear = true;
+      camera.current.update(gl, virtualScene);
+      gl.autoClear = autoClear;
+      count++;
+    }
+  });
+  return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(jsxRuntime.Fragment, { children: fiber.createPortal(
+    /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsxs(jsxRuntime.Fragment, { children: [
+      children,
+      /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx("cubeCamera", { ref: camera, args: [near, far, fbo] }),
+      files || preset ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentCube, { background: true, files, preset, path, extensions }) : map ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentMap, { background: true, map, extensions }) : null
+    ] }),
+    virtualScene
+  ) });
+}
+function EnvironmentGround(props) {
+  const textureDefault = useEnvironment(props);
+  const texture = props.map || textureDefault;
+  React__namespace.useMemo(() => fiber.extend({ GroundProjectedEnvImpl: GroundedSkybox_js.GroundedSkybox }), []);
+  React__namespace.useEffect(() => {
+    return () => {
+      textureDefault.dispose();
+    };
+  }, [textureDefault]);
+  const height = props.ground?.height ?? 15;
+  const radius = props.ground?.radius ?? 60;
+  const scale = props.ground?.scale ?? 1e3;
+  const args = React__namespace.useMemo(
+    () => [texture, height, radius],
+    [texture, height, radius]
+  );
+  return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsxs(jsxRuntime.Fragment, { children: [
+    /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentMap, { ...props, map: texture }),
+    /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx("groundProjectedEnvImpl", { args, scale })
+  ] });
+}
+function EnvironmentColor({ color, scene }) {
+  const defaultScene = fiber.useThree((state) => state.scene);
+  React__namespace.useLayoutEffect(() => {
+    if (color === void 0) return;
+    const target = resolveScene(scene || defaultScene);
+    const oldBg = target.background;
+    target.background = new webgpu.Color(color);
+    return () => {
+      target.background = oldBg;
+    };
+  });
+  return null;
+}
+function EnvironmentDualSource(props) {
+  const { backgroundFiles, ...envProps } = props;
+  return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsxs(jsxRuntime.Fragment, { children: [
+    /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentCube, { ...envProps, background: false }),
+    /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentCube, { ...props, files: backgroundFiles, background: "only" })
+  ] });
+}
+function Environment(props) {
+  if (props.color && !props.files && !props.preset && !props.map) {
+    return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentColor, { ...props });
+  }
+  if (props.backgroundFiles && props.backgroundFiles !== props.files) {
+    return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentDualSource, { ...props });
+  }
+  return props.ground ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentGround, { ...props }) : props.map ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentMap, { ...props }) : props.children ? /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentPortal, { ...props }) : /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(EnvironmentCube, { ...props });
+}
+
+var __defProp$1 = Object.defineProperty;
+var __defNormalProp$1 = (obj, key, value) => key in obj ? __defProp$1(obj, key, { enumerable: true, configurable: true, writable: true, value }) : obj[key] = value;
+var __publicField$1 = (obj, key, value) => __defNormalProp$1(obj, typeof key !== "symbol" ? key + "" : key, value);
 const act = React__namespace["act"];
 const useIsomorphicLayoutEffect = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => typeof window !== "undefined" && (window.document?.createElement || window.navigator?.product === "ReactNative"))() ? React__namespace.useLayoutEffect : React__namespace.useEffect;
 function useMutableCallback(fn) {
@@ -101,7 +491,7 @@ const ErrorBoundary = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => {
   return _a = class extends React__namespace.Component {
     constructor() {
       super(...arguments);
-      __publicField$3(this, "state", { error: false });
+      __publicField$1(this, "state", { error: false });
     }
     componentDidCatch(err) {
       this.props.set(err);
@@ -109,7 +499,7 @@ const ErrorBoundary = /* @__PURE__ */ (() => {
     render() {
       return this.state.error ? null : this.props.children;
     }
-  }, __publicField$3(_a, "getDerivedStateFromError", () => ({ error: true })), _a;
+  }, __publicField$1(_a, "getDerivedStateFromError", () => ({ error: true })), _a;
 })();
 
 const is = {
@@ -246,7 +636,8 @@ function prepare(target, root, type, props) {
       object,
       eventCount: 0,
       handlers: {},
-      isHidden: false
+      isHidden: false,
+      deferredRefs: []
     };
     if (object) object.__r3f = instance;
   }
@@ -295,7 +686,7 @@ function createOcclusionObserverNode(store, uniform) {
 let occlusionSetupPromise = null;
 function enableOcclusion(store) {
   const state = store.getState();
-  const { internal, renderer, rootScene } = state;
+  const { internal, renderer } = state;
   if (internal.occlusionEnabled || occlusionSetupPromise) return;
   const hasOcclusionSupport = typeof renderer?.isOccluded === "function";
   if (!hasOcclusionSupport) {
@@ -458,6 +849,22 @@ function hasVisibilityHandlers(handlers) {
   return !!(handlers.onFramed || handlers.onOccluded || handlers.onVisible);
 }
 
+const FROM_REF = Symbol.for("@react-three/fiber.fromRef");
+function fromRef(ref) {
+  return { [FROM_REF]: ref };
+}
+function isFromRef(value) {
+  return value !== null && typeof value === "object" && FROM_REF in value;
+}
+
+const ONCE = Symbol.for("@react-three/fiber.once");
+function once(...args) {
+  return { [ONCE]: args.length ? args : true };
+}
+function isOnce(value) {
+  return value !== null && typeof value === "object" && ONCE in value;
+}
+
 const RESERVED_PROPS = [
   "children",
   "key",
@@ -528,7 +935,7 @@ function getMemoizedPrototype(root) {
       ctor = new root.constructor();
       MEMOIZED_PROTOTYPES.set(root.constructor, ctor);
     }
-  } catch (e) {
+  } catch {
   }
   return ctor;
 }
@@ -574,6 +981,25 @@ function applyProps(object, props) {
       continue;
     }
     if (value === void 0) continue;
+    if (isFromRef(value)) {
+      instance?.deferredRefs?.push({ prop, ref: value[FROM_REF] });
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (isOnce(value)) {
+      if (instance?.appliedOnce?.has(prop)) continue;
+      if (instance) {
+        instance.appliedOnce ?? (instance.appliedOnce = /* @__PURE__ */ new Set());
+        instance.appliedOnce.add(prop);
+      }
+      const { root: targetRoot, key: targetKey } = resolve(object, prop);
+      const args = value[ONCE];
+      if (typeof targetRoot[targetKey] === "function") {
+        targetRoot[targetKey](...args === true ? [] : args);
+      } else if (args !== true && args.length > 0) {
+        targetRoot[targetKey] = args[0];
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
     let { root, key, target } = resolve(object, prop);
     if (target === void 0 && (typeof root !== "object" || root === null)) {
       throw Error(`R3F: Cannot set "${prop}". Ensure it is an object before setting "${key}".`);
@@ -596,7 +1022,10 @@ function applyProps(object, props) {
       else target.set(value);
     } else {
       root[key] = value;
-      if (rootState && !rootState.linear && colorMaps.includes(key) && isTexture(value) && root[key]?.isTexture && // sRGB textures must be RGBA8 since r137 https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/pull/23129
+      if (key.endsWith("Node") && root.isMaterial) {
+        root.needsUpdate = true;
+      }
+      if (rootState && rootState.renderer?.outputColorSpace === webgpu.SRGBColorSpace && colorMaps.includes(key) && isTexture(value) && root[key]?.isTexture && // sRGB textures must be RGBA8 since r137 https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/pull/23129
       root[key].format === webgpu.RGBAFormat && root[key].type === webgpu.UnsignedByteType) {
         root[key].colorSpace = rootState.textureColorSpace;
       }
@@ -629,38 +1058,60 @@ function applyProps(object, props) {
   return object;
 }
 
+const DEFAULT_POINTER_ID = 0;
+const XR_POINTER_ID_START = 1e3;
+function getPointerState(internal, pointerId) {
+  let state = internal.pointerMap.get(pointerId);
+  if (!state) {
+    state = {
+      hovered: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
+      captured: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
+      initialClick: [0, 0],
+      initialHits: []
+    };
+    internal.pointerMap.set(pointerId, state);
+  }
+  return state;
+}
+function getPointerId(event) {
+  return "pointerId" in event ? event.pointerId : DEFAULT_POINTER_ID;
+}
 function makeId(event) {
   return (event.eventObject || event.object).uuid + "/" + event.index + event.instanceId;
 }
-function releaseInternalPointerCapture(capturedMap, obj, captures, pointerId) {
-  const captureData = captures.get(obj);
+function releaseInternalPointerCapture(internal, obj, pointerId) {
+  const pointerState = internal.pointerMap.get(pointerId);
+  if (!pointerState) return;
+  const captureData = pointerState.captured.get(obj);
   if (captureData) {
-    captures.delete(obj);
-    if (captures.size === 0) {
-      capturedMap.delete(pointerId);
-      captureData.target.releasePointerCapture(pointerId);
-    }
+    pointerState.captured.delete(obj);
+    captureData.target.releasePointerCapture(pointerId);
   }
 }
 function removeInteractivity(store, object) {
   const { internal } = store.getState();
   internal.interaction = internal.interaction.filter((o) => o !== object);
-  internal.initialHits = internal.initialHits.filter((o) => o !== object);
-  internal.hovered.forEach((value, key) => {
-    if (value.eventObject === object || value.object === object) {
-      internal.hovered.delete(key);
+  for (const [pointerId, pointerState] of internal.pointerMap) {
+    pointerState.initialHits = pointerState.initialHits.filter((o) => o !== object);
+    pointerState.hovered.forEach((value, key) => {
+      if (value.eventObject === object || value.object === object) {
+        pointerState.hovered.delete(key);
+      }
+    });
+    if (pointerState.captured.has(object)) {
+      releaseInternalPointerCapture(internal, object, pointerId);
     }
-  });
-  internal.capturedMap.forEach((captures, pointerId) => {
-    releaseInternalPointerCapture(internal.capturedMap, object, captures, pointerId);
-  });
+  }
   unregisterVisibility(store, object);
 }
 function createEvents(store) {
-  function calculateDistance(event) {
+  function calculateDistance(event, pointerId) {
     const { internal } = store.getState();
-    const dx = event.offsetX - internal.initialClick[0];
-    const dy = event.offsetY - internal.initialClick[1];
+    const pointerState = internal.pointerMap.get(pointerId);
+    if (!pointerState) return 0;
+    const [initialX, initialY] = pointerState.initialClick;
+    const dx = event.offsetX - initialX;
+    const dy = event.offsetY - initialY;
     return Math.round(Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy));
   }
   function filterPointerEvents(objects) {
@@ -696,6 +1147,15 @@ function createEvents(store) {
       return state2.raycaster.camera ? state2.raycaster.intersectObject(obj, true) : [];
     }
     let hits = eventsObjects.flatMap(handleRaycast).sort((a, b) => {
+      const aInteractivePriority = a.object.userData?.interactivePriority;
+      const bInteractivePriority = b.object.userData?.interactivePriority;
+      if (aInteractivePriority !== void 0 || bInteractivePriority !== void 0) {
+        if (aInteractivePriority !== void 0 && bInteractivePriority === void 0) return -1;
+        if (bInteractivePriority !== void 0 && aInteractivePriority === void 0) return 1;
+        if (aInteractivePriority !== bInteractivePriority) {
+          return (bInteractivePriority ?? 0) - (aInteractivePriority ?? 0);
+        }
+      }
       const aState = getRootState(a.object);
       const bState = getRootState(b.object);
       const aPriority = aState?.events?.priority ?? 1;
@@ -717,9 +1177,13 @@ function createEvents(store) {
         eventObject = eventObject.parent;
       }
     }
-    if ("pointerId" in event && state.internal.capturedMap.has(event.pointerId)) {
-      for (const captureData of state.internal.capturedMap.get(event.pointerId).values()) {
-        if (!duplicates.has(makeId(captureData.intersection))) intersections.push(captureData.intersection);
+    if ("pointerId" in event) {
+      const pointerId = event.pointerId;
+      const pointerState = state.internal.pointerMap.get(pointerId);
+      if (pointerState?.captured.size) {
+        for (const captureData of pointerState.captured.values()) {
+          if (!duplicates.has(makeId(captureData.intersection))) intersections.push(captureData.intersection);
+        }
       }
     }
     return intersections;
@@ -732,27 +1196,25 @@ function createEvents(store) {
         if (state) {
           const { raycaster, pointer, camera, internal } = state;
           const unprojectedPoint = new webgpu.Vector3(pointer.x, pointer.y, 0).unproject(camera);
-          const hasPointerCapture = (id) => internal.capturedMap.get(id)?.has(hit.eventObject) ?? false;
+          const hasPointerCapture = (id) => {
+            const pointerState = internal.pointerMap.get(id);
+            return pointerState?.captured.has(hit.eventObject) ?? false;
+          };
           const setPointerCapture = (id) => {
             const captureData = { intersection: hit, target: event.target };
-            if (internal.capturedMap.has(id)) {
-              internal.capturedMap.get(id).set(hit.eventObject, captureData);
-            } else {
-              internal.capturedMap.set(id, /* @__PURE__ */ new Map([[hit.eventObject, captureData]]));
-            }
+            const pointerState = getPointerState(internal, id);
+            pointerState.captured.set(hit.eventObject, captureData);
             event.target.setPointerCapture(id);
           };
           const releasePointerCapture = (id) => {
-            const captures = internal.capturedMap.get(id);
-            if (captures) {
-              releaseInternalPointerCapture(internal.capturedMap, hit.eventObject, captures, id);
-            }
+            releaseInternalPointerCapture(internal, hit.eventObject, id);
           };
           const extractEventProps = {};
           for (const prop in event) {
             const property = event[prop];
             if (typeof property !== "function") extractEventProps[prop] = property;
           }
+          const eventPointerId = "pointerId" in event ? event.pointerId : void 0;
           const raycastEvent = {
             ...hit,
             ...extractEventProps,
@@ -763,18 +1225,19 @@ function createEvents(store) {
             unprojectedPoint,
             ray: raycaster.ray,
             camera,
+            pointerId: eventPointerId,
             // Hijack stopPropagation, which just sets a flag
             stopPropagation() {
-              const capturesForPointer = "pointerId" in event && internal.capturedMap.get(event.pointerId);
+              const pointerState = eventPointerId !== void 0 ? internal.pointerMap.get(eventPointerId) : void 0;
               if (
                 // ...if this pointer hasn't been captured
-                !capturesForPointer || // ... or if the hit object is capturing the pointer
-                capturesForPointer.has(hit.eventObject)
+                !pointerState?.captured.size || // ... or if the hit object is capturing the pointer
+                pointerState.captured.has(hit.eventObject)
               ) {
                 raycastEvent.stopped = localState.stopped = true;
-                if (internal.hovered.size && Array.from(internal.hovered.values()).find((i) => i.eventObject === hit.eventObject)) {
+                if (pointerState?.hovered.size && Array.from(pointerState.hovered.values()).find((i) => i.eventObject === hit.eventObject)) {
                   const higher = intersections.slice(0, intersections.indexOf(hit));
-                  cancelPointer([...higher, hit]);
+                  cancelPointer([...higher, hit], eventPointerId);
                 }
               }
             },
@@ -790,15 +1253,18 @@ function createEvents(store) {
     }
     return intersections;
   }
-  function cancelPointer(intersections) {
+  function cancelPointer(intersections, pointerId) {
     const { internal } = store.getState();
-    for (const hoveredObj of internal.hovered.values()) {
+    const pid = pointerId ?? DEFAULT_POINTER_ID;
+    const pointerState = internal.pointerMap.get(pid);
+    if (!pointerState) return;
+    for (const [hoveredId, hoveredObj] of pointerState.hovered) {
       if (!intersections.length || !intersections.find(
         (hit) => hit.object === hoveredObj.object && hit.index === hoveredObj.index && hit.instanceId === hoveredObj.instanceId
       )) {
         const eventObject = hoveredObj.eventObject;
         const instance = eventObject.__r3f;
-        internal.hovered.delete(makeId(hoveredObj));
+        pointerState.hovered.delete(hoveredId);
         if (instance?.eventCount) {
           const handlers = instance.handlers;
           const data = { ...hoveredObj, intersections };
@@ -827,41 +1293,118 @@ function createEvents(store) {
       instance?.handlers.onDropMissed?.(event);
     }
   }
+  function cleanupPointer(pointerId) {
+    const { internal } = store.getState();
+    const pointerState = internal.pointerMap.get(pointerId);
+    if (pointerState) {
+      for (const [, hoveredObj] of pointerState.hovered) {
+        const eventObject = hoveredObj.eventObject;
+        const instance = eventObject.__r3f;
+        if (instance?.eventCount) {
+          const handlers = instance.handlers;
+          const data = { ...hoveredObj, intersections: [] };
+          handlers.onPointerOut?.(data);
+          handlers.onPointerLeave?.(data);
+        }
+      }
+      internal.pointerMap.delete(pointerId);
+    }
+    internal.pointerDirty.delete(pointerId);
+  }
+  function processDeferredPointer(event, pointerId) {
+    const state = store.getState();
+    const { internal } = state;
+    if (!state.events.enabled) return;
+    const filter = filterPointerEvents;
+    const hits = intersect(event, filter);
+    cancelPointer(hits, pointerId);
+    function onIntersect(data) {
+      const eventObject = data.eventObject;
+      const instance = eventObject.__r3f;
+      if (!instance?.eventCount) return;
+      const handlers = instance.handlers;
+      if (handlers.onPointerOver || handlers.onPointerEnter || handlers.onPointerOut || handlers.onPointerLeave) {
+        const id = makeId(data);
+        const pointerState = getPointerState(internal, pointerId);
+        const hoveredItem = pointerState.hovered.get(id);
+        if (!hoveredItem) {
+          pointerState.hovered.set(id, data);
+          handlers.onPointerOver?.(data);
+          handlers.onPointerEnter?.(data);
+        } else if (hoveredItem.stopped) {
+          data.stopPropagation();
+        }
+      }
+      handlers.onPointerMove?.(data);
+    }
+    handleIntersects(hits, event, 0, onIntersect);
+  }
   function handlePointer(name) {
     switch (name) {
       case "onPointerLeave":
-      case "onPointerCancel":
       case "onDragLeave":
         return () => cancelPointer([]);
+      // Global cancel of these events
+      case "onPointerCancel":
+        return (event) => {
+          const pointerId = getPointerId(event);
+          cleanupPointer(pointerId);
+        };
       case "onLostPointerCapture":
         return (event) => {
           const { internal } = store.getState();
-          if ("pointerId" in event && internal.capturedMap.has(event.pointerId)) {
+          const pointerId = getPointerId(event);
+          const pointerState = internal.pointerMap.get(pointerId);
+          if (pointerState?.captured.size) {
             requestAnimationFrame(() => {
-              if (internal.capturedMap.has(event.pointerId)) {
-                internal.capturedMap.delete(event.pointerId);
-                cancelPointer([]);
+              const pointerState2 = internal.pointerMap.get(pointerId);
+              if (pointerState2?.captured.size) {
+                pointerState2.captured.clear();
               }
+              cancelPointer([], pointerId);
             });
           }
         };
     }
     return function handleEvent(event) {
       const state = store.getState();
-      const { onPointerMissed, onDragOverMissed, onDropMissed, internal } = state;
+      const { onPointerMissed, onDragOverMissed, onDropMissed, internal, events } = state;
+      const pointerId = getPointerId(event);
       internal.lastEvent.current = event;
-      if (!state.events.enabled) return;
+      if (!events.enabled) return;
       const isPointerMove = name === "onPointerMove";
       const isDragOver = name === "onDragOver";
       const isDrop = name === "onDrop";
       const isClickEvent = name === "onClick" || name === "onContextMenu" || name === "onDoubleClick";
+      const isPointerDown = name === "onPointerDown";
+      const isPointerUp = name === "onPointerUp";
+      const isWheel = name === "onWheel";
+      const canDeferRaycasts = events.frameTimedRaycasts && state.frameloop === "always";
+      if (isPointerMove && canDeferRaycasts) {
+        events.compute?.(event, state);
+        internal.pointerDirty.set(pointerId, event);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (isWheel && canDeferRaycasts && !events.alwaysFireOnScroll) {
+        events.compute?.(event, state);
+        internal.pointerDirty.set(pointerId, event);
+        return;
+      }
+      if ((isClickEvent || isPointerDown || isPointerUp) && internal.pointerDirty.has(pointerId)) {
+        const deferredEvent = internal.pointerDirty.get(pointerId);
+        internal.pointerDirty.delete(pointerId);
+        processDeferredPointer(deferredEvent, pointerId);
+      }
       const filter = isPointerMove || isDragOver || isDrop ? filterPointerEvents : void 0;
       const hits = intersect(event, filter);
-      const delta = isClickEvent ? calculateDistance(event) : 0;
-      if (name === "onPointerDown") {
-        internal.initialClick = [event.offsetX, event.offsetY];
-        internal.initialHits = hits.map((hit) => hit.eventObject);
-      }
+      const delta = isClickEvent ? calculateDistance(event, pointerId) : 0;
+      if (isPointerDown) {
+        const pointerState2 = getPointerState(internal, pointerId);
+        pointerState2.initialClick = [event.offsetX, event.offsetY];
+        pointerState2.initialHits = hits.map((hit) => hit.eventObject);
+      }
+      const pointerState = internal.pointerMap.get(pointerId);
+      const initialHits = pointerState?.initialHits ?? [];
       if (isClickEvent && !hits.length) {
         if (delta <= 2) {
           pointerMissed(event, internal.interaction);
@@ -876,7 +1419,9 @@ function createEvents(store) {
         dropMissed(event, internal.interaction);
         if (onDropMissed) onDropMissed(event);
       }
-      if (isPointerMove || isDragOver) cancelPointer(hits);
+      if (isPointerMove || isDragOver) {
+        cancelPointer(hits, pointerId);
+      }
       function onIntersect(data) {
         const eventObject = data.eventObject;
         const instance = eventObject.__r3f;
@@ -885,9 +1430,10 @@ function createEvents(store) {
         if (isPointerMove) {
           if (handlers.onPointerOver || handlers.onPointerEnter || handlers.onPointerOut || handlers.onPointerLeave) {
             const id = makeId(data);
-            const hoveredItem = internal.hovered.get(id);
+            const pointerState2 = getPointerState(internal, pointerId);
+            const hoveredItem = pointerState2.hovered.get(id);
             if (!hoveredItem) {
-              internal.hovered.set(id, data);
+              pointerState2.hovered.set(id, data);
               handlers.onPointerOver?.(data);
               handlers.onPointerEnter?.(data);
             } else if (hoveredItem.stopped) {
@@ -897,9 +1443,10 @@ function createEvents(store) {
           handlers.onPointerMove?.(data);
         } else if (isDragOver) {
           const id = makeId(data);
-          const hoveredItem = internal.hovered.get(id);
+          const pointerState2 = getPointerState(internal, pointerId);
+          const hoveredItem = pointerState2.hovered.get(id);
           if (!hoveredItem) {
-            internal.hovered.set(id, data);
+            pointerState2.hovered.set(id, data);
             handlers.onDragOverEnter?.(data);
           } else if (hoveredItem.stopped) {
             data.stopPropagation();
@@ -910,18 +1457,18 @@ function createEvents(store) {
         } else {
           const handler = handlers[name];
           if (handler) {
-            if (!isClickEvent || internal.initialHits.includes(eventObject)) {
+            if (!isClickEvent || initialHits.includes(eventObject)) {
               pointerMissed(
                 event,
-                internal.interaction.filter((object) => !internal.initialHits.includes(object))
+                internal.interaction.filter((object) => !initialHits.includes(object))
               );
               handler(data);
             }
           } else {
-            if (isClickEvent && internal.initialHits.includes(eventObject)) {
+            if (isClickEvent && initialHits.includes(eventObject)) {
               pointerMissed(
                 event,
-                internal.interaction.filter((object) => !internal.initialHits.includes(object))
+                internal.interaction.filter((object) => !initialHits.includes(object))
               );
             }
           }
@@ -930,7 +1477,15 @@ function createEvents(store) {
       handleIntersects(hits, event, delta, onIntersect);
     };
   }
-  return { handlePointer };
+  function flushDeferredPointers() {
+    const { internal, events } = store.getState();
+    if (!events.frameTimedRaycasts) return;
+    for (const [pointerId, event] of internal.pointerDirty) {
+      processDeferredPointer(event, pointerId);
+    }
+    internal.pointerDirty.clear();
+  }
+  return { handlePointer, flushDeferredPointers, processDeferredPointer };
 }
 const DOM_EVENTS = {
   onClick: ["click", false],
@@ -949,11 +1504,16 @@ const DOM_EVENTS = {
   onLostPointerCapture: ["lostpointercapture", true]
 };
 function createPointerEvents(store) {
-  const { handlePointer } = createEvents(store);
+  const { handlePointer, flushDeferredPointers, processDeferredPointer } = createEvents(store);
+  let nextXRPointerId = XR_POINTER_ID_START;
+  const xrPointers = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
   return {
     priority: 1,
     enabled: true,
-    compute(event, state, previous) {
+    frameTimedRaycasts: true,
+    alwaysFireOnScroll: true,
+    updateOnFrame: false,
+    compute(event, state) {
       state.pointer.set(event.offsetX / state.size.width * 2 - 1, -(event.offsetY / state.size.height) * 2 + 1);
       state.raycaster.setFromCamera(state.pointer, state.camera);
     },
@@ -962,11 +1522,33 @@ function createPointerEvents(store) {
       (acc, key) => ({ ...acc, [key]: handlePointer(key) }),
       {}
     ),
-    update: () => {
+    update: (pointerId) => {
       const { events, internal } = store.getState();
-      if (internal.lastEvent?.current && events.handlers) events.handlers.onPointerMove(internal.lastEvent.current);
+      if (!events.handlers) return;
+      if (pointerId !== void 0) {
+        const event = internal.pointerDirty.get(pointerId);
+        if (event) {
+          internal.pointerDirty.delete(pointerId);
+          processDeferredPointer(event, pointerId);
+        } else if (internal.lastEvent?.current) {
+          processDeferredPointer(internal.lastEvent.current, pointerId);
+        }
+      } else {
+        flushDeferredPointers();
+        if (internal.lastEvent?.current) {
+          events.handlers.onPointerMove(internal.lastEvent.current);
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    flush: () => {
+      const { events, internal } = store.getState();
+      flushDeferredPointers();
+      if (events.updateOnFrame && internal.lastEvent?.current && events.handlers) {
+        events.handlers.onPointerMove(internal.lastEvent.current);
+      }
     },
     connect: (target) => {
+      if (!target) return;
       const { set, events } = store.getState();
       events.disconnect?.();
       set((state) => ({ events: { ...state.events, connected: target } }));
@@ -990,6 +1572,32 @@ function createPointerEvents(store) {
         }
         set((state) => ({ events: { ...state.events, connected: void 0 } }));
       }
+    },
+    registerPointer: (config) => {
+      const pointerId = nextXRPointerId++;
+      xrPointers.set(pointerId, config);
+      const { internal } = store.getState();
+      getPointerState(internal, pointerId);
+      return pointerId;
+    },
+    unregisterPointer: (pointerId) => {
+      xrPointers.delete(pointerId);
+      const { internal } = store.getState();
+      const pointerState = internal.pointerMap.get(pointerId);
+      if (pointerState) {
+        for (const [, hoveredObj] of pointerState.hovered) {
+          const eventObject = hoveredObj.eventObject;
+          const instance = eventObject.__r3f;
+          if (instance?.eventCount) {
+            const handlers = instance.handlers;
+            const data = { ...hoveredObj, intersections: [] };
+            handlers.onPointerOut?.(data);
+            handlers.onPointerLeave?.(data);
+          }
+        }
+        internal.pointerMap.delete(pointerId);
+      }
+      internal.pointerDirty.delete(pointerId);
     }
   };
 }
@@ -1080,23 +1688,29 @@ const createStore = (invalidate, advance) => {
       set,
       get,
       // Mock objects that have to be configured
+      // primaryStore is set after store creation (self-reference for primary, primary's store for secondary)
+      primaryStore: null,
       gl: null,
       renderer: null,
       camera: null,
       frustum: new webgpu.Frustum(),
       autoUpdateFrustum: true,
       raycaster: null,
-      events: { priority: 1, enabled: true, connected: false },
+      events: {
+        priority: 1,
+        enabled: true,
+        connected: false,
+        frameTimedRaycasts: true,
+        alwaysFireOnScroll: true,
+        updateOnFrame: false
+      },
       scene: null,
       rootScene: null,
       xr: null,
       inspector: null,
       invalidate: (frames = 1, stackFrames = false) => invalidate(get(), frames, stackFrames),
       advance: (timestamp, runGlobalEffects) => advance(timestamp, runGlobalEffects, get()),
-      legacy: false,
-      linear: false,
-      flat: false,
-      textureColorSpace: "srgb",
+      textureColorSpace: webgpu.SRGBColorSpace,
       isLegacy: false,
       webGPUSupported: false,
       isNative: false,
@@ -1154,6 +1768,7 @@ const createStore = (invalidate, advance) => {
                 size: newSize,
                 viewport: { ...s.viewport, ...getCurrentViewport(state2.camera, defaultTarget, newSize) }
               }));
+              scheduler.getScheduler().invalidate();
             }
           }
           return;
@@ -1168,6 +1783,7 @@ const createStore = (invalidate, advance) => {
           viewport: { ...s.viewport, ...getCurrentViewport(state2.camera, defaultTarget, size) },
           _sizeImperative: true
         }));
+        scheduler.getScheduler().invalidate();
       },
       setDpr: (dpr) => set((state2) => {
         const resolved = calculateDpr(dpr);
@@ -1178,11 +1794,14 @@ const createStore = (invalidate, advance) => {
       },
       setError: (error) => set(() => ({ error })),
       error: null,
-      //* TSL State (managed via hooks: useUniforms, useNodes, useTextures, usePostProcessing) ==============================
+      //* TSL State (managed via hooks: useUniforms, useNodes, useBuffers, useGPUStorage, useTextures, useRenderPipeline) ==============================
       uniforms: {},
       nodes: {},
+      buffers: {},
+      gpuStorage: {},
       textures: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
-      postProcessing: null,
+      _textureRefs: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
+      renderPipeline: null,
       passes: {},
       _hmrVersion: 0,
       _sizeImperative: false,
@@ -1191,12 +1810,16 @@ const createStore = (invalidate, advance) => {
       internal: {
         // Events
         interaction: [],
-        hovered: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
         subscribers: [],
+        // Per-pointer state (new unified structure)
+        pointerMap: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
+        pointerDirty: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
+        lastEvent: React__namespace.createRef(),
+        // Deprecated but kept for backwards compatibility
+        hovered: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
         initialClick: [0, 0],
         initialHits: [],
         capturedMap: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
-        lastEvent: React__namespace.createRef(),
         // Visibility tracking (onFramed, onOccluded, onVisible)
         visibilityRegistry: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
         // Occlusion system (WebGPU only)
@@ -1279,13 +1902,22 @@ const createStore = (invalidate, advance) => {
   rootStore.subscribe(() => {
     const { camera, size, viewport, set, internal } = rootStore.getState();
     const actualRenderer = internal.actualRenderer;
+    const canvasTarget = internal.canvasTarget;
     if (size.width !== oldSize.width || size.height !== oldSize.height || viewport.dpr !== oldDpr) {
       oldSize = size;
       oldDpr = viewport.dpr;
       updateCamera(camera, size);
-      if (viewport.dpr > 0) actualRenderer.setPixelRatio(viewport.dpr);
-      const updateStyle = typeof HTMLCanvasElement !== "undefined" && actualRenderer.domElement instanceof HTMLCanvasElement;
-      actualRenderer.setSize(size.width, size.height, updateStyle);
+      if (internal.isSecondary && canvasTarget) {
+        if (viewport.dpr > 0) canvasTarget.setPixelRatio(viewport.dpr);
+        canvasTarget.setSize(size.width, size.height, false);
+      } else {
+        if (viewport.dpr > 0) actualRenderer.setPixelRatio(viewport.dpr);
+        actualRenderer.setSize(size.width, size.height, false);
+        if (canvasTarget) {
+          if (viewport.dpr > 0) canvasTarget.setPixelRatio(viewport.dpr);
+          canvasTarget.setSize(size.width, size.height, false);
+        }
+      }
     }
     if (camera !== oldCamera) {
       oldCamera = camera;
@@ -1356,1141 +1988,103 @@ useLoader.clear = function(loader, input) {
 };
 useLoader.loader = getLoader;
 
-var __defProp$2 = Object.defineProperty;
-var __defNormalProp$2 = (obj, key, value) => key in obj ? __defProp$2(obj, key, { enumerable: true, configurable: true, writable: true, value }) : obj[key] = value;
-var __publicField$2 = (obj, key, value) => __defNormalProp$2(obj, typeof key !== "symbol" ? key + "" : key, value);
-const DEFAULT_PHASES = ["start", "input", "physics", "update", "render", "finish"];
-class PhaseGraph {
-  constructor() {
-    /** Ordered list of phase nodes */
-    __publicField$2(this, "phases", []);
-    /** Quick lookup by name */
-    __publicField$2(this, "phaseMap", /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
-    /** Cached ordered names (invalidated on changes) */
-    __publicField$2(this, "orderedNamesCache", null);
-    this.initializeDefaultPhases();
-  }
-  //* Initialization --------------------------------
-  initializeDefaultPhases() {
-    for (const name of DEFAULT_PHASES) {
-      const node = { name, isAutoGenerated: false };
-      this.phases.push(node);
-      this.phaseMap.set(name, node);
-    }
-    this.invalidateCache();
-  }
-  //* Public API --------------------------------
-  /**
-   * Add a named phase to the graph
-   * @param name - Phase name (must be unique)
-   * @param options - Position options (before or after another phase)
-   */
-  addPhase(name, options = {}) {
-    if (this.phaseMap.has(name)) {
-      console.warn(`[useFrame] Phase "${name}" already exists`);
-      return;
-    }
-    const { before, after } = options;
-    const node = { name, isAutoGenerated: false };
-    let insertIndex = this.phases.length;
-    const targetIndex = this.getPhaseIndex(before ?? after);
-    if (targetIndex !== -1) {
-      insertIndex = before ? targetIndex : targetIndex + 1;
-    } else {
-      const constraintType = before ? "before" : "after";
-      console.warn(`[useFrame] Phase "${before ?? after}" not found for '${constraintType}' constraint`);
-    }
-    this.phases.splice(insertIndex, 0, node);
-    this.phaseMap.set(name, node);
-    this.invalidateCache();
-  }
-  /**
-   * Get ordered list of phase names
-   */
-  getOrderedPhases() {
-    if (this.orderedNamesCache === null) this.orderedNamesCache = this.phases.map((p) => p.name);
-    return this.orderedNamesCache;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Check if a phase exists
-   */
-  hasPhase(name) {
-    return this.phaseMap.has(name);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Get the index of a phase (-1 if not found)
-   */
-  getPhaseIndex(name) {
-    if (!name) return -1;
-    return this.phases.findIndex((p) => p.name === name);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Ensure a phase exists, creating an auto-generated one if needed.
-   * Used for resolving before/after constraints.
-   *
-   * @param name - The phase name to ensure exists
-   * @returns The phase name (may be auto-generated like 'before:render')
-   */
-  ensurePhase(name) {
-    if (this.phaseMap.has(name)) return name;
-    const node = { name, isAutoGenerated: true };
-    this.phases.push(node);
-    this.phaseMap.set(name, node);
-    this.invalidateCache();
-    return name;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Resolve where a job with before/after constraints should go.
-   * Creates auto-generated phases if needed.
-   *
-   * @param before - Phase(s) to run before
-   * @param after - Phase(s) to run after
-   * @returns The resolved phase name
-   */
-  resolveConstraintPhase(before, after) {
-    const beforeArr = before ? Array.isArray(before) ? before : [before] : [];
-    const afterArr = after ? Array.isArray(after) ? after : [after] : [];
-    if (beforeArr.length > 0) {
-      return this.ensureAutoPhase(beforeArr[0], "before", 0);
-    }
-    if (afterArr.length > 0) {
-      return this.ensureAutoPhase(afterArr[0], "after", 1);
-    }
-    return "update";
-  }
-  /**
-   * Ensure an auto-generated phase exists relative to a target phase.
-   * Creates the phase if it doesn't exist, inserting it at the correct position.
-   *
-   * @param target - The target phase name to position relative to
-   * @param prefix - Prefix for auto-generated phase name ('before' or 'after')
-   * @param offset - Insertion offset (0 for before, 1 for after)
-   * @returns The auto-generated phase name
-   */
-  ensureAutoPhase(target, prefix, offset) {
-    const autoName = `${prefix}:${target}`;
-    if (this.phaseMap.has(autoName)) return autoName;
-    const node = { name: autoName, isAutoGenerated: true };
-    const targetIndex = this.getPhaseIndex(target);
-    if (targetIndex !== -1) this.phases.splice(targetIndex + offset, 0, node);
-    else this.phases.push(node);
-    this.phaseMap.set(autoName, node);
-    this.invalidateCache();
-    return autoName;
-  }
-  // Internal --------------------------------
-  invalidateCache() {
-    this.orderedNamesCache = null;
-  }
-}
-
-function rebuildSortedJobs(jobs, phaseGraph) {
-  const orderedPhases = phaseGraph.getOrderedPhases();
-  const buckets = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  for (const phase of orderedPhases) {
-    buckets.set(phase, []);
-  }
-  for (const job of jobs.values()) {
-    if (!job.enabled) continue;
-    let bucket = buckets.get(job.phase);
-    if (!bucket) {
-      bucket = [];
-      buckets.set(job.phase, bucket);
-    }
-    bucket.push(job);
-  }
-  const sortedBuckets = [];
-  for (const phase of orderedPhases) {
-    const bucket = buckets.get(phase);
-    if (!bucket || bucket.length === 0) continue;
-    bucket.sort((a, b) => {
-      if (a.priority !== b.priority) return b.priority - a.priority;
-      return a.index - b.index;
-    });
-    sortedBuckets.push(hasCrossJobConstraints(bucket) ? topologicalSort(bucket) : bucket);
-  }
-  for (const [phase, bucket] of buckets) {
-    if (!orderedPhases.includes(phase) && bucket.length > 0) {
-      bucket.sort((a, b) => {
-        if (a.priority !== b.priority) return b.priority - a.priority;
-        return a.index - b.index;
+function useFrame(callback, priorityOrOptions) {
+  const store = React__namespace.useContext(context);
+  const isInsideCanvas = store !== null;
+  const scheduler$1 = scheduler.getScheduler();
+  const optionsKey = typeof priorityOrOptions === "number" ? `p:${priorityOrOptions}` : priorityOrOptions ? JSON.stringify({
+    id: priorityOrOptions.id,
+    phase: priorityOrOptions.phase,
+    priority: priorityOrOptions.priority,
+    fps: priorityOrOptions.fps,
+    drop: priorityOrOptions.drop,
+    enabled: priorityOrOptions.enabled,
+    before: priorityOrOptions.before,
+    after: priorityOrOptions.after
+  }) : "";
+  const options = React__namespace.useMemo(() => {
+    return typeof priorityOrOptions === "number" ? { priority: priorityOrOptions } : priorityOrOptions ?? {};
+  }, [optionsKey]);
+  const reactId = React__namespace.useId();
+  const id = options.id ?? reactId;
+  const callbackRef = useMutableCallback(callback);
+  const isLegacyPriority = typeof priorityOrOptions === "number" && priorityOrOptions > 0;
+  useIsomorphicLayoutEffect(() => {
+    if (!callback) return;
+    if (isInsideCanvas) {
+      const state = store.getState();
+      const rootId = state.internal.rootId;
+      if (isLegacyPriority) {
+        state.internal.priority++;
+        let parentRoot = state.previousRoot;
+        while (parentRoot) {
+          const parentState = parentRoot.getState();
+          if (parentState?.internal) parentState.internal.priority++;
+          parentRoot = parentState?.previousRoot;
+        }
+        notifyDepreciated({
+          heading: "useFrame with numeric priority is deprecated",
+          body: 'Using useFrame(callback, number) to control render order is deprecated.\n\nFor custom rendering, use: useFrame(callback, { phase: "render" })\nFor execution order within update phase, use: useFrame(callback, { priority: number })',
+          link: "https://docs.pmnd.rs/react-three-fiber/api/hooks#useframe"
+        });
+      }
+      const wrappedCallback = (frameState, delta) => {
+        const localState = store.getState();
+        const mergedState = {
+          ...localState,
+          time: frameState.time,
+          delta: frameState.delta,
+          elapsed: frameState.elapsed,
+          frame: frameState.frame
+        };
+        callbackRef.current?.(mergedState, delta);
+      };
+      const unregister = scheduler$1.register(wrappedCallback, {
+        id,
+        rootId,
+        ...options
       });
-      sortedBuckets.push(bucket);
+      return () => {
+        unregister();
+        if (isLegacyPriority) {
+          const currentState = store.getState();
+          if (currentState.internal) {
+            currentState.internal.priority--;
+            let parentRoot = currentState.previousRoot;
+            while (parentRoot) {
+              const parentState = parentRoot.getState();
+              if (parentState?.internal) parentState.internal.priority--;
+              parentRoot = parentState?.previousRoot;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      };
+    } else {
+      return scheduler$1.register(
+        (state, delta) => {
+          const frameState = state;
+          if (!frameState.renderer) return;
+          callbackRef.current?.(frameState, delta);
+        },
+        { id, ...options }
+      );
     }
-  }
-  return sortedBuckets.flat();
-}
-function hasCrossJobConstraints(bucket) {
-  const jobIds = new Set(bucket.map((j) => j.id));
-  for (const job of bucket) {
-    for (const ref of job.before) {
-      if (jobIds.has(ref)) return true;
-    }
-    for (const ref of job.after) {
-      if (jobIds.has(ref)) return true;
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-function topologicalSort(jobs) {
-  const n = jobs.length;
-  if (n <= 1) return jobs;
-  const jobMap = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  const inDegree = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  const adjacency = /* @__PURE__ */ new Map();
-  for (const job of jobs) {
-    jobMap.set(job.id, job);
-    inDegree.set(job.id, 0);
-    adjacency.set(job.id, []);
-  }
-  for (const job of jobs) {
-    for (const ref of job.before) {
-      if (jobMap.has(ref)) {
-        adjacency.get(job.id).push(ref);
-        inDegree.set(ref, inDegree.get(ref) + 1);
-      }
-    }
-    for (const ref of job.after) {
-      if (jobMap.has(ref)) {
-        adjacency.get(ref).push(job.id);
-        inDegree.set(job.id, inDegree.get(job.id) + 1);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  const queue = [];
-  for (const job of jobs) {
-    if (inDegree.get(job.id) === 0) {
-      queue.push(job);
-    }
-  }
-  queue.sort((a, b) => {
-    if (a.priority !== b.priority) return b.priority - a.priority;
-    return a.index - b.index;
-  });
-  const result = [];
-  while (queue.length > 0) {
-    const job = queue.shift();
-    result.push(job);
-    const neighbors = adjacency.get(job.id) || [];
-    for (const neighborId of neighbors) {
-      const newDegree = inDegree.get(neighborId) - 1;
-      inDegree.set(neighborId, newDegree);
-      if (newDegree === 0) {
-        const neighbor = jobMap.get(neighborId);
-        insertSorted(queue, neighbor);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  if (result.length !== n) {
-    console.warn("[useFrame] Circular dependency detected in job constraints");
-    const resultIds = new Set(result.map((j) => j.id));
-    for (const job of jobs) {
-      if (!resultIds.has(job.id)) result.push(job);
-    }
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-function insertSorted(arr, job) {
-  let i = 0;
-  while (i < arr.length) {
-    const cmp = arr[i];
-    if (job.priority > cmp.priority || job.priority === cmp.priority && job.index < cmp.index) {
-      break;
-    }
-    i++;
-  }
-  arr.splice(i, 0, job);
-}
-
-function shouldRun(job, now) {
-  if (!job.enabled) return false;
-  if (!job.fps) return true;
-  const minInterval = 1e3 / job.fps;
-  const lastRun = job.lastRun ?? 0;
-  const elapsed = now - lastRun;
-  if (elapsed < minInterval) return false;
-  if (job.drop) {
-    job.lastRun = now;
-  } else {
-    const steps = Math.floor(elapsed / minInterval);
-    job.lastRun = lastRun + steps * minInterval;
-    if (job.lastRun < now - minInterval) {
-      job.lastRun = now;
-    }
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-function resetJobTiming(job) {
-  job.lastRun = void 0;
-}
-
-var __defProp$1 = Object.defineProperty;
-var __defNormalProp$1 = (obj, key, value) => key in obj ? __defProp$1(obj, key, { enumerable: true, configurable: true, writable: true, value }) : obj[key] = value;
-var __publicField$1 = (obj, key, value) => __defNormalProp$1(obj, typeof key !== "symbol" ? key + "" : key, value);
-const hmrData = (() => {
-  if (typeof process !== "undefined" && process.env.NODE_ENV === "test") return void 0;
-  if (typeof import_meta_hot !== "undefined") return import_meta_hot;
-  try {
-    return (0, eval)("import.meta.hot");
-  } catch {
-    return void 0;
-  }
-})();
-const _Scheduler = class _Scheduler {
-  //* Constructor ================================
-  constructor() {
-    //* Critical State ================================
-    __publicField$1(this, "roots", /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
-    __publicField$1(this, "phaseGraph");
-    __publicField$1(this, "loopState", {
-      running: false,
-      rafHandle: null,
-      lastTime: null,
-      // null = uninitialized, 0+ = valid timestamp
-      frameCount: 0,
-      elapsedTime: 0,
-      createdAt: performance.now()
-    });
-    __publicField$1(this, "stoppedTime", 0);
-    //* Private State ================================
-    __publicField$1(this, "nextRootIndex", 0);
-    __publicField$1(this, "globalBeforeJobs", /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
-    __publicField$1(this, "globalAfterJobs", /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
-    __publicField$1(this, "nextGlobalIndex", 0);
-    __publicField$1(this, "idleCallbacks", /* @__PURE__ */ new Set());
-    __publicField$1(this, "nextJobIndex", 0);
-    __publicField$1(this, "jobStateListeners", /* @__PURE__ */ new Map());
-    __publicField$1(this, "pendingFrames", 0);
-    __publicField$1(this, "_frameloop", "always");
-    //* Independent Mode & Error Handling State ================================
-    __publicField$1(this, "_independent", false);
-    __publicField$1(this, "errorHandler", null);
-    __publicField$1(this, "rootReadyCallbacks", /* @__PURE__ */ new Set());
-    //* Core Loop Execution Methods ================================
-    /**
-     * Main RAF loop callback.
-     * Executes frame, handles demand mode, and schedules next frame.
-     * @param {number} timestamp - RAF timestamp in milliseconds
-     * @returns {void}
-     * @private
-     */
-    __publicField$1(this, "loop", (timestamp) => {
-      if (!this.loopState.running) return;
-      this.executeFrame(timestamp);
-      if (this._frameloop === "demand") {
-        this.pendingFrames = Math.max(0, this.pendingFrames - 1);
-        if (this.pendingFrames === 0) {
-          this.notifyIdle(timestamp);
-          return this.stop();
-        }
-      }
-      this.loopState.rafHandle = requestAnimationFrame(this.loop);
-    });
-    this.phaseGraph = new PhaseGraph();
-  }
-  static get instance() {
-    return globalThis[_Scheduler.INSTANCE_KEY] ?? null;
-  }
-  static set instance(value) {
-    globalThis[_Scheduler.INSTANCE_KEY] = value;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Get the global scheduler instance (creates if doesn't exist).
-   * Uses HMR data to preserve instance across hot reloads.
-   * @returns {Scheduler} The singleton scheduler instance
-   */
-  static get() {
-    if (!_Scheduler.instance && hmrData?.data?.scheduler) {
-      _Scheduler.instance = hmrData.data.scheduler;
-    }
-    if (!_Scheduler.instance) {
-      _Scheduler.instance = new _Scheduler();
-      if (hmrData?.data) {
-        hmrData.data.scheduler = _Scheduler.instance;
-      }
-    }
-    return _Scheduler.instance;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Reset the singleton instance. Stops the loop and clears all state.
-   * Primarily used for testing to ensure clean state between tests.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  static reset() {
-    if (_Scheduler.instance) {
-      _Scheduler.instance.stop();
-      _Scheduler.instance = null;
-    }
-    if (hmrData?.data) {
-      hmrData.data.scheduler = null;
-    }
-  }
-  //* Getters & Setters ================================
-  get phases() {
-    return this.phaseGraph.getOrderedPhases();
-  }
-  get frameloop() {
-    return this._frameloop;
-  }
-  set frameloop(mode) {
-    if (this._frameloop === mode) return;
-    const wasAlways = this._frameloop === "always";
-    this._frameloop = mode;
-    if (mode === "always" && !this.loopState.running && this.roots.size > 0) this.start();
-    else if (mode !== "always" && wasAlways) this.stop();
-  }
-  get isRunning() {
-    return this.loopState.running;
-  }
-  get isReady() {
-    return this.roots.size > 0;
-  }
-  get independent() {
-    return this._independent;
-  }
-  set independent(value) {
-    this._independent = value;
-    if (value) this.ensureDefaultRoot();
-  }
-  //* Root Management Methods ================================
-  /**
-   * Register a root (Canvas) with the scheduler.
-   * The first root to register starts the RAF loop (if frameloop='always').
-   * @param {string} id - Unique identifier for this root
-   * @param {RootOptions} [options] - Optional configuration with getState and onError callbacks
-   * @returns {() => void} Unsubscribe function to remove this root
-   */
-  registerRoot(id, options = {}) {
-    if (this.roots.has(id)) {
-      console.warn(`[Scheduler] Root "${id}" already registered`);
-      return () => this.unregisterRoot(id);
-    }
-    const entry = {
-      id,
-      getState: options.getState ?? (() => ({})),
-      jobs: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(),
-      sortedJobs: [],
-      needsRebuild: false
-    };
-    if (options.onError) {
-      this.errorHandler = options.onError;
-    }
-    this.roots.set(id, entry);
-    if (this.roots.size === 1) {
-      this.notifyRootReady();
-      if (this._frameloop === "always") this.start();
-    }
-    return () => this.unregisterRoot(id);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Unregister a root from the scheduler.
-   * Cleans up all job state listeners for this root's jobs.
-   * The last root to unregister stops the RAF loop.
-   * @param {string} id - The root ID to unregister
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  unregisterRoot(id) {
-    const root = this.roots.get(id);
-    if (!root) return;
-    for (const jobId of root.jobs.keys()) {
-      this.jobStateListeners.delete(jobId);
-    }
-    this.roots.delete(id);
-    if (this.roots.size === 0) {
-      this.stop();
-      this.errorHandler = null;
-    }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Subscribe to be notified when a root becomes available.
-   * Fires immediately if a root already exists.
-   * @param {() => void} callback - Function called when first root registers
-   * @returns {() => void} Unsubscribe function
-   */
-  onRootReady(callback) {
-    if (this.roots.size > 0) {
-      callback();
-      return () => {
-      };
-    }
-    this.rootReadyCallbacks.add(callback);
-    return () => this.rootReadyCallbacks.delete(callback);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Notify all registered root-ready callbacks.
-   * Called when the first root registers.
-   * @returns {void}
-   * @private
-   */
-  notifyRootReady() {
-    for (const cb of this.rootReadyCallbacks) {
-      try {
-        cb();
-      } catch (error) {
-        console.error("[Scheduler] Error in root-ready callback:", error);
-      }
-    }
-    this.rootReadyCallbacks.clear();
-  }
-  /**
-   * Ensure a default root exists for independent mode.
-   * Creates a minimal root with no state provider.
-   * @returns {void}
-   * @private
-   */
-  ensureDefaultRoot() {
-    if (!this.roots.has("__default__")) {
-      this.registerRoot("__default__");
-    }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Trigger error handling for job errors.
-   * Uses the bound error handler if available, otherwise logs to console.
-   * @param {Error} error - The error to handle
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  triggerError(error) {
-    if (this.errorHandler) this.errorHandler(error);
-    else console.error("[Scheduler]", error);
-  }
-  //* Phase Management Methods ================================
-  /**
-   * Add a named phase to the scheduler's execution order.
-   * Marks all roots for rebuild to incorporate the new phase.
-   * @param {string} name - The phase name (e.g., 'physics', 'postprocess')
-   * @param {AddPhaseOptions} [options] - Positioning options (before/after other phases)
-   * @returns {void}
-   * @example
-   * scheduler.addPhase('physics', { before: 'update' });
-   * scheduler.addPhase('postprocess', { after: 'render' });
-   */
-  addPhase(name, options) {
-    this.phaseGraph.addPhase(name, options);
-    for (const root of this.roots.values()) {
-      root.needsRebuild = true;
-    }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Check if a phase exists in the scheduler.
-   * @param {string} name - The phase name to check
-   * @returns {boolean} True if the phase exists
-   */
-  hasPhase(name) {
-    return this.phaseGraph.hasPhase(name);
-  }
-  //* Global Job Registration Methods (Deprecated APIs) ================================
-  /**
-   * Register a global job that runs once per frame (not per-root).
-   * Used internally by deprecated addEffect/addAfterEffect APIs.
-   * @param {'before' | 'after'} phase - When to run: 'before' all roots or 'after' all roots
-   * @param {string} id - Unique identifier for this global job
-   * @param {(timestamp: number) => void} callback - Function called each frame with RAF timestamp
-   * @returns {() => void} Unsubscribe function to remove this global job
-   * @deprecated Use useFrame with phases instead
-   */
-  registerGlobal(phase, id, callback) {
-    const job = { id, callback };
-    if (phase === "before") {
-      this.globalBeforeJobs.set(id, job);
-    } else {
-      this.globalAfterJobs.set(id, job);
-    }
-    return () => {
-      if (phase === "before") this.globalBeforeJobs.delete(id);
-      else this.globalAfterJobs.delete(id);
-    };
-  }
-  //* Idle Callback Methods (Deprecated API) ================================
-  /**
-   * Register an idle callback that fires when the loop stops.
-   * Used internally by deprecated addTail API.
-   * @param {(timestamp: number) => void} callback - Function called when loop becomes idle
-   * @returns {() => void} Unsubscribe function to remove this idle callback
-   * @deprecated Use demand mode with invalidate() instead
-   */
-  onIdle(callback) {
-    this.idleCallbacks.add(callback);
-    return () => this.idleCallbacks.delete(callback);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Notify all registered idle callbacks.
-   * Called when the loop stops in demand mode.
-   * @param {number} timestamp - The RAF timestamp when idle occurred
-   * @returns {void}
-   * @private
-   */
-  notifyIdle(timestamp) {
-    for (const cb of this.idleCallbacks) {
-      try {
-        cb(timestamp);
-      } catch (error) {
-        console.error("[Scheduler] Error in idle callback:", error);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  //* Job Registration & Management Methods ================================
-  /**
-   * Register a job (frame callback) with a specific root.
-   * This is the core registration method used by useFrame internally.
-   * @param {FrameNextCallback} callback - The function to call each frame
-   * @param {JobOptions & { rootId?: string; system?: boolean }} [options] - Job configuration
-   * @param {string} [options.rootId] - Target root ID (defaults to first registered root)
-   * @param {string} [options.id] - Unique job ID (auto-generated if not provided)
-   * @param {string} [options.phase] - Execution phase (defaults to 'update')
-   * @param {number} [options.priority] - Priority within phase (higher = earlier, default 0)
-   * @param {number} [options.fps] - FPS throttle limit
-   * @param {boolean} [options.drop] - Drop frames when behind (default true)
-   * @param {boolean} [options.enabled] - Whether job is active (default true)
-   * @param {boolean} [options.system] - Internal flag for system jobs (not user-facing)
-   * @returns {() => void} Unsubscribe function to remove this job
-   */
-  register(callback, options = {}) {
-    const rootId = options.rootId;
-    const root = rootId ? this.roots.get(rootId) : this.roots.values().next().value;
-    if (!root) {
-      console.warn("[Scheduler] No root registered. Is this inside a Canvas?");
-      return () => {
-      };
-    }
-    const id = options.id ?? this.generateJobId();
-    let phase = options.phase ?? "update";
-    if (!options.phase && (options.before || options.after)) {
-      phase = this.phaseGraph.resolveConstraintPhase(options.before, options.after);
-    }
-    const before = this.normalizeConstraints(options.before);
-    const after = this.normalizeConstraints(options.after);
-    const job = {
-      id,
-      callback,
-      phase,
-      before,
-      after,
-      priority: options.priority ?? 0,
-      index: this.nextJobIndex++,
-      fps: options.fps,
-      drop: options.drop ?? true,
-      enabled: options.enabled ?? true,
-      system: options.system ?? false
-    };
-    if (root.jobs.has(id)) {
-      console.warn(`[useFrame] Job with id "${id}" already exists, replacing`);
-    }
-    root.jobs.set(id, job);
-    root.needsRebuild = true;
-    return () => this.unregister(id, root.id);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Unregister a job by its ID.
-   * Searches all roots if rootId is not provided.
-   * @param {string} id - The job ID to unregister
-   * @param {string} [rootId] - Optional root ID to search (searches all if not provided)
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  unregister(id, rootId) {
-    const root = rootId ? this.roots.get(rootId) : Array.from(this.roots.values()).find((r) => r.jobs.has(id));
-    if (root?.jobs.delete(id)) {
-      root.needsRebuild = true;
-      this.jobStateListeners.delete(id);
-    }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Update a job's options dynamically.
-   * Searches all roots to find the job by ID.
-   * Phase/constraint changes trigger a rebuild of the sorted job list.
-   * @param {string} id - The job ID to update
-   * @param {Partial<JobOptions>} options - The options to update
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  updateJob(id, options) {
-    let job;
-    let root;
-    for (const r of this.roots.values()) {
-      job = r.jobs.get(id);
-      if (job) {
-        root = r;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if (!job || !root) return;
-    if (options.priority !== void 0) job.priority = options.priority;
-    if (options.fps !== void 0) job.fps = options.fps;
-    if (options.drop !== void 0) job.drop = options.drop;
-    if (options.enabled !== void 0) {
-      const wasEnabled = job.enabled;
-      job.enabled = options.enabled;
-      if (!wasEnabled && job.enabled) resetJobTiming(job);
-      if (wasEnabled !== job.enabled) root.needsRebuild = true;
-    }
-    if (options.phase !== void 0 || options.before !== void 0 || options.after !== void 0) {
-      if (options.phase) job.phase = options.phase;
-      if (options.before !== void 0) job.before = this.normalizeConstraints(options.before);
-      if (options.after !== void 0) job.after = this.normalizeConstraints(options.after);
-      root.needsRebuild = true;
-    }
-  }
-  //* Job State Management Methods ================================
-  /**
-   * Check if a job is currently paused (disabled).
-   * @param {string} id - The job ID to check
-   * @returns {boolean} True if the job exists and is paused
-   */
-  isJobPaused(id) {
-    for (const root of this.roots.values()) {
-      const job = root.jobs.get(id);
-      if (job) return !job.enabled;
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Subscribe to state changes for a specific job.
-   * Listener is called when job is paused or resumed.
-   * @param {string} id - The job ID to subscribe to
-   * @param {() => void} listener - Callback invoked on state changes
-   * @returns {() => void} Unsubscribe function
-   */
-  subscribeJobState(id, listener) {
-    if (!this.jobStateListeners.has(id)) {
-      this.jobStateListeners.set(id, /* @__PURE__ */ new Set());
-    }
-    this.jobStateListeners.get(id).add(listener);
-    return () => {
-      this.jobStateListeners.get(id)?.delete(listener);
-      if (this.jobStateListeners.get(id)?.size === 0) {
-        this.jobStateListeners.delete(id);
-      }
-    };
-  }
-  /**
-   * Notify all listeners that a job's state has changed.
-   * @param {string} id - The job ID that changed
-   * @returns {void}
-   * @private
-   */
-  notifyJobStateChange(id) {
-    this.jobStateListeners.get(id)?.forEach((listener) => listener());
-  }
-  /**
-   * Pause a job by ID (sets enabled=false).
-   * Notifies any subscribed state listeners.
-   * @param {string} id - The job ID to pause
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  pauseJob(id) {
-    this.updateJob(id, { enabled: false });
-    this.notifyJobStateChange(id);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Resume a paused job by ID (sets enabled=true).
-   * Resets job timing to prevent frame accumulation.
-   * Notifies any subscribed state listeners.
-   * @param {string} id - The job ID to resume
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  resumeJob(id) {
-    this.updateJob(id, { enabled: true });
-    this.notifyJobStateChange(id);
-  }
-  //* Frame Loop Control Methods ================================
-  /**
-   * Start the requestAnimationFrame loop.
-   * Resets timing state (elapsedTime, frameCount) on start.
-   * No-op if already running.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  start() {
-    if (this.loopState.running) return;
-    const { elapsedTime, createdAt } = this.loopState;
-    let adjustedCreated = 0;
-    if (this.stoppedTime > 0) {
-      adjustedCreated = createdAt - (performance.now() - this.stoppedTime);
-      this.stoppedTime = 0;
-    }
-    Object.assign(this.loopState, {
-      running: true,
-      elapsedTime: elapsedTime ?? 0,
-      lastTime: performance.now(),
-      createdAt: adjustedCreated > 0 ? adjustedCreated : performance.now(),
-      frameCount: 0,
-      rafHandle: requestAnimationFrame(this.loop)
-    });
-  }
-  /**
-   * Stop the requestAnimationFrame loop.
-   * Cancels any pending RAF callback.
-   * No-op if not running.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  stop() {
-    if (!this.loopState.running) return;
-    this.loopState.running = false;
-    if (this.loopState.rafHandle !== null) {
-      cancelAnimationFrame(this.loopState.rafHandle);
-      this.loopState.rafHandle = null;
-    }
-    this.stoppedTime = performance.now();
-  }
-  /**
-   * Request frames to be rendered in demand mode.
-   * Accumulates pending frames (capped at 60) and starts the loop if not running.
-   * No-op if frameloop is not 'demand'.
-   * @param {number} [frames=1] - Number of frames to request
-   * @param {boolean} [stackFrames=false] - Whether to add frames to existing pending count
-   *   - `false` (default): Sets pending frames to the specified value (replaces existing count)
-   *   - `true`: Adds frames to existing pending count (useful for accumulating invalidations)
-   * @returns {void}
-   * @example
-   * // Request a single frame render
-   * scheduler.invalidate();
-   *
-   * @example
-   * // Request 5 frames (e.g., for animations)
-   * scheduler.invalidate(5);
-   *
-   * @example
-   * // Set pending frames to exactly 3 (don't stack with existing)
-   * scheduler.invalidate(3, false);
-   *
-   * @example
-   * // Add 2 more frames to existing pending count
-   * scheduler.invalidate(2, true);
-   */
-  invalidate(frames = 1, stackFrames = false) {
-    if (this._frameloop !== "demand") return;
-    const baseFrames = stackFrames ? this.pendingFrames : 0;
-    this.pendingFrames = Math.min(60, baseFrames + frames);
-    if (!this.loopState.running && this.pendingFrames > 0) this.start();
-  }
-  /**
-   * Reset timing state for deterministic testing.
-   * Preserves jobs and roots but resets lastTime, frameCount, elapsedTime, etc.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  resetTiming() {
-    this.loopState.lastTime = null;
-    this.loopState.frameCount = 0;
-    this.loopState.elapsedTime = 0;
-    this.loopState.createdAt = performance.now();
-  }
-  //* Manual Stepping Methods ================================
-  /**
-   * Manually execute a single frame for all roots.
-   * Useful for frameloop='never' mode or testing scenarios.
-   * @param {number} [timestamp] - Optional timestamp (defaults to performance.now())
-   * @returns {void}
-   * @example
-   * // Manual control mode
-   * scheduler.frameloop = 'never';
-   * scheduler.step(); // Execute one frame
-   */
-  step(timestamp) {
-    const now = timestamp ?? performance.now();
-    this.executeFrame(now);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Manually execute a single job by its ID.
-   * Useful for testing individual job callbacks in isolation.
-   * @param {string} id - The job ID to step
-   * @param {number} [timestamp] - Optional timestamp (defaults to performance.now())
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  stepJob(id, timestamp) {
-    let job;
-    let root;
-    for (const r of this.roots.values()) {
-      job = r.jobs.get(id);
-      if (job) {
-        root = r;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if (!job || !root) {
-      console.warn(`[Scheduler] Job "${id}" not found`);
-      return;
-    }
-    const now = timestamp ?? performance.now();
-    const deltaMs = this.loopState.lastTime !== null ? now - this.loopState.lastTime : 0;
-    const delta = deltaMs / 1e3;
-    const elapsed = now - this.loopState.createdAt;
-    const providedState = root.getState?.() ?? {};
-    const frameState = {
-      ...providedState,
-      time: now,
-      delta,
-      elapsed,
-      frame: this.loopState.frameCount
-    };
-    try {
-      job.callback(frameState, delta);
-    } catch (error) {
-      console.error(`[Scheduler] Error in job "${job.id}":`, error);
-      this.triggerError(error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)));
-    }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Execute a single frame across all roots.
-   * Order: globalBefore → each root's jobs → globalAfter
-   * @param {number} timestamp - RAF timestamp in milliseconds
-   * @returns {void}
-   * @private
-   */
-  executeFrame(timestamp) {
-    const deltaMs = this.loopState.lastTime !== null ? timestamp - this.loopState.lastTime : 0;
-    const delta = deltaMs / 1e3;
-    this.loopState.lastTime = timestamp;
-    this.loopState.frameCount++;
-    this.loopState.elapsedTime += deltaMs;
-    this.runGlobalJobs(this.globalBeforeJobs, timestamp);
-    for (const root of this.roots.values()) {
-      this.tickRoot(root, timestamp, delta);
-    }
-    this.runGlobalJobs(this.globalAfterJobs, timestamp);
-  }
-  /**
-   * Run all global jobs from a job map.
-   * Catches and logs errors without stopping execution.
-   * @param {Map<string, GlobalJob>} jobs - The global jobs map to execute
-   * @param {number} timestamp - RAF timestamp in milliseconds
-   * @returns {void}
-   * @private
-   */
-  runGlobalJobs(jobs, timestamp) {
-    for (const job of jobs.values()) {
-      try {
-        job.callback(timestamp);
-      } catch (error) {
-        console.error(`[Scheduler] Error in global job "${job.id}":`, error);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  /**
-   * Execute all jobs for a single root in sorted order.
-   * Rebuilds sorted job list if needed, then dispatches each job.
-   * Errors are caught and propagated via triggerError.
-   * @param {RootEntry} root - The root entry to tick
-   * @param {number} timestamp - RAF timestamp in milliseconds
-   * @param {number} delta - Time since last frame in seconds
-   * @returns {void}
-   * @private
-   */
-  tickRoot(root, timestamp, delta) {
-    if (root.needsRebuild) {
-      root.sortedJobs = rebuildSortedJobs(root.jobs, this.phaseGraph);
-      root.needsRebuild = false;
-    }
-    const providedState = root.getState?.() ?? {};
-    const frameState = {
-      ...providedState,
-      time: timestamp,
-      delta,
-      elapsed: this.loopState.elapsedTime / 1e3,
-      // Convert ms to seconds
-      frame: this.loopState.frameCount
-    };
-    for (const job of root.sortedJobs) {
-      if (!shouldRun(job, timestamp)) continue;
-      try {
-        job.callback(frameState, delta);
-      } catch (error) {
-        console.error(`[Scheduler] Error in job "${job.id}":`, error);
-        this.triggerError(error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)));
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  //* Debug & Inspection Methods ================================
-  /**
-   * Get the total number of registered jobs across all roots.
-   * Includes both per-root jobs and global before/after jobs.
-   * @returns {number} Total job count
-   */
-  getJobCount() {
-    let count = 0;
-    for (const root of this.roots.values()) {
-      count += root.jobs.size;
-    }
-    return count + this.globalBeforeJobs.size + this.globalAfterJobs.size;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Get all registered job IDs across all roots.
-   * Includes both per-root jobs and global before/after jobs.
-   * @returns {string[]} Array of all job IDs
-   */
-  getJobIds() {
-    const ids = [];
-    for (const root of this.roots.values()) {
-      ids.push(...root.jobs.keys());
-    }
-    ids.push(...this.globalBeforeJobs.keys());
-    ids.push(...this.globalAfterJobs.keys());
-    return ids;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Get the number of registered roots (Canvas instances).
-   * @returns {number} Number of registered roots
-   */
-  getRootCount() {
-    return this.roots.size;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Check if any user (non-system) jobs are registered in a specific phase.
-   * Used by the default render job to know if a user has taken over rendering.
-   *
-   * @param phase The phase to check
-   * @param rootId Optional root ID to check (checks all roots if not provided)
-   * @returns true if any user jobs exist in the phase
-   */
-  hasUserJobsInPhase(phase, rootId) {
-    const rootsToCheck = rootId ? [this.roots.get(rootId)].filter(Boolean) : Array.from(this.roots.values());
-    return rootsToCheck.some((root) => {
-      if (!root) return false;
-      for (const job of root.jobs.values()) {
-        if (job.phase === phase && !job.system && job.enabled) return true;
-      }
-      return false;
-    });
-  }
-  //* Utility Methods ================================
-  /**
-   * Generate a unique root ID for automatic root registration.
-   * @returns {string} A unique root ID in the format 'root_N'
-   */
-  generateRootId() {
-    return `root_${this.nextRootIndex++}`;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Generate a unique job ID.
-   * @returns {string} A unique job ID in the format 'job_N'
-   * @private
-   */
-  generateJobId() {
-    return `job_${this.nextJobIndex}`;
-  }
-  /**
-   * Normalize before/after constraints to a Set.
-   * Handles undefined, single string, or array inputs.
-   * @param {string | string[] | undefined} value - The constraint value(s)
-   * @returns {Set<string>} Normalized Set of constraint strings
-   * @private
-   */
-  normalizeConstraints(value) {
-    if (!value) return /* @__PURE__ */ new Set();
-    if (Array.isArray(value)) return new Set(value);
-    return /* @__PURE__ */ new Set([value]);
-  }
-};
-//* Static State & Methods (Singleton Usage) ================================
-//* Cross-Bundle Singleton Key ==============================
-// Use Symbol.for() to ensure scheduler is shared across bundle boundaries
-// This prevents issues when mixing imports from @react-three/fiber and @react-three/fiber/webgpu
-__publicField$1(_Scheduler, "INSTANCE_KEY", Symbol.for("@react-three/fiber.scheduler"));
-let Scheduler = _Scheduler;
-const getScheduler = () => Scheduler.get();
-if (hmrData) {
-  hmrData.accept?.();
-}
-
-function useFrame(callback, priorityOrOptions) {
-  const store = React__namespace.useContext(context);
-  const isInsideCanvas = store !== null;
-  const scheduler = getScheduler();
-  const optionsKey = typeof priorityOrOptions === "number" ? `p:${priorityOrOptions}` : priorityOrOptions ? JSON.stringify({
-    id: priorityOrOptions.id,
-    phase: priorityOrOptions.phase,
-    priority: priorityOrOptions.priority,
-    fps: priorityOrOptions.fps,
-    drop: priorityOrOptions.drop,
-    enabled: priorityOrOptions.enabled,
-    before: priorityOrOptions.before,
-    after: priorityOrOptions.after
-  }) : "";
-  const options = React__namespace.useMemo(() => {
-    return typeof priorityOrOptions === "number" ? { priority: priorityOrOptions } : priorityOrOptions ?? {};
-  }, [optionsKey]);
-  const reactId = React__namespace.useId();
-  const id = options.id ?? reactId;
-  const callbackRef = useMutableCallback(callback);
-  const isLegacyPriority = typeof priorityOrOptions === "number" && priorityOrOptions > 0;
-  useIsomorphicLayoutEffect(() => {
-    if (!callback) return;
-    if (isInsideCanvas) {
-      const state = store.getState();
-      const rootId = state.internal.rootId;
-      if (isLegacyPriority) {
-        state.internal.priority++;
-        let parentRoot = state.previousRoot;
-        while (parentRoot) {
-          const parentState = parentRoot.getState();
-          if (parentState?.internal) parentState.internal.priority++;
-          parentRoot = parentState?.previousRoot;
-        }
-        notifyDepreciated({
-          heading: "useFrame with numeric priority is deprecated",
-          body: 'Using useFrame(callback, number) to control render order is deprecated.\n\nFor custom rendering, use: useFrame(callback, { phase: "render" })\nFor execution order within update phase, use: useFrame(callback, { priority: number })',
-          link: "https://docs.pmnd.rs/react-three-fiber/api/hooks#useframe"
-        });
-      }
-      const wrappedCallback = (frameState, delta) => {
-        const localState = store.getState();
-        const mergedState = {
-          ...localState,
-          time: frameState.time,
-          delta: frameState.delta,
-          elapsed: frameState.elapsed,
-          frame: frameState.frame
-        };
-        callbackRef.current?.(mergedState, delta);
-      };
-      const unregister = scheduler.register(wrappedCallback, {
-        id,
-        rootId,
-        ...options
-      });
-      return () => {
-        unregister();
-        if (isLegacyPriority) {
-          const currentState = store.getState();
-          if (currentState.internal) {
-            currentState.internal.priority--;
-            let parentRoot = currentState.previousRoot;
-            while (parentRoot) {
-              const parentState = parentRoot.getState();
-              if (parentState?.internal) parentState.internal.priority--;
-              parentRoot = parentState?.previousRoot;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      };
-    } else {
-      const registerOutside = () => {
-        return scheduler.register((state, delta) => callbackRef.current?.(state, delta), { id, ...options });
-      };
-      if (scheduler.independent || scheduler.isReady) {
-        return registerOutside();
-      }
-      let unregisterJob = null;
-      const unsubReady = scheduler.onRootReady(() => {
-        unregisterJob = registerOutside();
-      });
-      return () => {
-        unsubReady();
-        unregisterJob?.();
-      };
-    }
-  }, [store, scheduler, id, optionsKey, isLegacyPriority, isInsideCanvas]);
+  }, [store, scheduler$1, id, optionsKey, isLegacyPriority, isInsideCanvas]);
   const isPaused = React__namespace.useSyncExternalStore(
     // Subscribe function
     React__namespace.useCallback(
       (onStoreChange) => {
-        return getScheduler().subscribeJobState(id, onStoreChange);
+        return scheduler.getScheduler().subscribeJobState(id, onStoreChange);
       },
       [id]
     ),
     // getSnapshot function
-    React__namespace.useCallback(() => getScheduler().isJobPaused(id), [id]),
+    React__namespace.useCallback(() => scheduler.getScheduler().isJobPaused(id), [id]),
     // getServerSnapshot function (SSR)
     React__namespace.useCallback(() => false, [])
   );
   const controls = React__namespace.useMemo(() => {
-    const scheduler2 = getScheduler();
+    const scheduler2 = scheduler.getScheduler();
     return {
       /** The job's unique ID */
       id,
@@ -2505,7 +2099,7 @@ function useFrame(callback, priorityOrOptions) {
        * @param timestamp Optional timestamp (defaults to performance.now())
        */
       step: (timestamp) => {
-        getScheduler().stepJob(id, timestamp);
+        scheduler.getScheduler().stepJob(id, timestamp);
       },
       /**
        * Manually step ALL jobs in the scheduler.
@@ -2513,20 +2107,20 @@ function useFrame(callback, priorityOrOptions) {
        * @param timestamp Optional timestamp (defaults to performance.now())
        */
       stepAll: (timestamp) => {
-        getScheduler().step(timestamp);
+        scheduler.getScheduler().step(timestamp);
       },
       /**
        * Pause this job (set enabled=false).
        * Job remains registered but won't run.
        */
       pause: () => {
-        getScheduler().pauseJob(id);
+        scheduler.getScheduler().pauseJob(id);
       },
       /**
        * Resume this job (set enabled=true).
        */
       resume: () => {
-        getScheduler().resumeJob(id);
+        scheduler.getScheduler().resumeJob(id);
       },
       /**
        * Reactive paused state - automatically updates when pause/resume is called.
@@ -2564,22 +2158,29 @@ function buildFromCache(input, textureCache) {
 function useTexture(input, optionsOrOnLoad) {
   const renderer = useThree((state) => state.internal.actualRenderer);
   const store = useStore();
-  const textureCache = useThree((state) => state.textures);
   const options = typeof optionsOrOnLoad === "function" ? { onLoad: optionsOrOnLoad } : optionsOrOnLoad ?? {};
-  const { onLoad, cache = false } = options;
+  const { onLoad, cache = true } = options;
+  const onLoadRef = React.useRef(onLoad);
+  onLoadRef.current = onLoad;
+  const onLoadCalledForRef = React.useRef(null);
   const urls = React.useMemo(() => getUrls(input), [input]);
   const cachedResult = React.useMemo(() => {
     if (!cache) return null;
-    if (!allUrlsCached(urls, textureCache)) return null;
-    return buildFromCache(input, textureCache);
-  }, [cache, urls, textureCache, input]);
+    const textures = store.getState().textures;
+    if (!allUrlsCached(urls, textures)) return null;
+    return buildFromCache(input, textures);
+  }, [cache, urls, input, store]);
   const loadedTextures = useLoader(
     webgpu.TextureLoader,
     IsObject(input) ? Object.values(input) : input
   );
+  const inputKey = urls.join("\0");
   React.useLayoutEffect(() => {
-    if (!cachedResult) onLoad?.(loadedTextures);
-  }, [onLoad, cachedResult, loadedTextures]);
+    if (cachedResult) return;
+    if (onLoadCalledForRef.current === inputKey) return;
+    onLoadCalledForRef.current = inputKey;
+    onLoadRef.current?.(loadedTextures);
+  }, [cachedResult, loadedTextures, inputKey]);
   React.useEffect(() => {
     if (cachedResult) return;
     if ("initTexture" in renderer) {
@@ -2612,8 +2213,6 @@ function useTexture(input, optionsOrOnLoad) {
   }, [input, loadedTextures, cachedResult]);
   React.useEffect(() => {
     if (!cache) return;
-    if (cachedResult) return;
-    const set = store.setState;
     const urlTextureMap = [];
     if (typeof input === "string") {
       urlTextureMap.push([input, mappedTextures]);
@@ -2627,18 +2226,32 @@ function useTexture(input, optionsOrOnLoad) {
         urlTextureMap.push([url, textureRecord[key]]);
       }
     }
-    set((state) => {
-      const newMap = new Map(state.textures);
-      let changed = false;
+    store.setState((state) => {
+      const refs = new Map(state._textureRefs);
+      let textures = state.textures;
+      let added = false;
       for (const [url, texture] of urlTextureMap) {
-        if (!newMap.has(url)) {
-          newMap.set(url, texture);
-          changed = true;
+        if (!textures.has(url)) {
+          if (!added) {
+            textures = new Map(textures);
+            added = true;
+          }
+          textures.set(url, texture);
         }
+        refs.set(url, (refs.get(url) ?? 0) + 1);
       }
-      return changed ? { textures: newMap } : state;
+      return added ? { textures, _textureRefs: refs } : { _textureRefs: refs };
+    });
+    return () => store.setState((state) => {
+      const refs = new Map(state._textureRefs);
+      for (const [url] of urlTextureMap) {
+        const next = (refs.get(url) ?? 0) - 1;
+        if (next <= 0) refs.delete(url);
+        else refs.set(url, next);
+      }
+      return { _textureRefs: refs };
     });
-  }, [cache, input, mappedTextures, store, cachedResult]);
+  }, [cache, input, mappedTextures, store]);
   return mappedTextures;
 }
 useTexture.preload = (url) => useLoader.preload(webgpu.TextureLoader, url);
@@ -2654,106 +2267,90 @@ const Texture = ({
   return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(jsxRuntime.Fragment, { children: children?.(ret) });
 };
 
-function getTextureValue(entry) {
-  if (entry instanceof webgpu.Texture) return entry;
-  if (entry && typeof entry === "object" && "value" in entry && entry.value instanceof webgpu.Texture) {
-    return entry.value;
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-function useTextures() {
+function useTextures(selector) {
   const store = useStore();
-  return React.useMemo(() => {
-    const set = store.setState;
+  const registry = React.useMemo(() => {
     const getState = store.getState;
-    const add = (key, value) => {
-      set((state) => {
-        const newMap = new Map(state.textures);
-        newMap.set(key, value);
-        return { textures: newMap };
-      });
-    };
-    const addMultiple = (items) => {
-      set((state) => {
-        const newMap = new Map(state.textures);
-        const entries = items instanceof Map ? items.entries() : Object.entries(items);
-        for (const [key, value] of entries) {
-          newMap.set(key, value);
-        }
-        return { textures: newMap };
-      });
-    };
-    const remove = (key) => {
-      set((state) => {
-        const newMap = new Map(state.textures);
-        newMap.delete(key);
-        return { textures: newMap };
-      });
-    };
-    const removeMultiple = (keys) => {
-      set((state) => {
-        const newMap = new Map(state.textures);
-        for (const key of keys) newMap.delete(key);
-        return { textures: newMap };
-      });
-    };
-    const dispose = (key) => {
-      const entry = getState().textures.get(key);
-      if (entry) {
-        const tex = getTextureValue(entry);
-        tex?.dispose();
-      }
-      remove(key);
-    };
-    const disposeMultiple = (keys) => {
-      const textures = getState().textures;
-      for (const key of keys) {
-        const entry = textures.get(key);
-        if (entry) {
-          const tex = getTextureValue(entry);
-          tex?.dispose();
-        }
-      }
-      removeMultiple(keys);
-    };
-    const disposeAll = () => {
-      const textures = getState().textures;
-      for (const entry of textures.values()) {
-        const tex = getTextureValue(entry);
-        tex?.dispose();
-      }
-      set({ textures: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map() });
-    };
+    const setState = store.setState;
+    const getOne = (key) => getState().textures.get(key);
     return {
-      // Getter for the textures Map (reactive via getState)
-      get textures() {
+      get all() {
         return getState().textures;
       },
-      // Read
-      get: (key) => getState().textures.get(key),
+      get(input) {
+        if (typeof input === "string") return getOne(input);
+        if (Array.isArray(input)) return input.map(getOne);
+        const out = {};
+        for (const name in input) out[name] = getOne(input[name]);
+        return out;
+      },
       has: (key) => getState().textures.has(key),
-      // Write
-      add,
-      addMultiple,
-      // Remove (cache only)
-      remove,
-      removeMultiple,
-      // Dispose (GPU + cache)
-      dispose,
-      disposeMultiple,
-      disposeAll
+      add(keyOrRecord, texture) {
+        setState((state) => {
+          const textures = new Map(state.textures);
+          if (typeof keyOrRecord === "string") {
+            textures.set(keyOrRecord, texture);
+          } else {
+            for (const key in keyOrRecord) textures.set(key, keyOrRecord[key]);
+          }
+          return { textures };
+        });
+      },
+      dispose(key, options) {
+        const state = getState();
+        const refs = state._textureRefs.get(key) ?? 0;
+        if (refs > 0 && !options?.force) {
+          console.warn(
+            `[useTextures] "${key}" still has ${refs} active reference(s); skipping dispose. Pass { force: true } to override.`
+          );
+          return false;
+        }
+        state.textures.get(key)?.dispose();
+        setState((s) => {
+          const textures = new Map(s.textures);
+          textures.delete(key);
+          const nextRefs = new Map(s._textureRefs);
+          nextRefs.delete(key);
+          return { textures, _textureRefs: nextRefs };
+        });
+        return true;
+      },
+      disposeAll() {
+        for (const texture of getState().textures.values()) texture.dispose();
+        setState({ textures: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map(), _textureRefs: /* @__PURE__ */ new Map() });
+      }
     };
   }, [store]);
+  const subscribe = selector ? () => selector(registry) : (state) => state.textures;
+  const selected = useThree(subscribe);
+  return selector ? selected : registry;
 }
 
-function useRenderTarget(width, height, options) {
+function useRenderTarget(widthOrOptions, heightOrOptions, options) {
   const isLegacy = useThree((s) => s.isLegacy);
   const size = useThree((s) => s.size);
+  let width;
+  let height;
+  let opts;
+  if (typeof widthOrOptions === "object") {
+    opts = widthOrOptions;
+  } else if (typeof widthOrOptions === "number") {
+    width = widthOrOptions;
+    if (typeof heightOrOptions === "object") {
+      height = widthOrOptions;
+      opts = heightOrOptions;
+    } else if (typeof heightOrOptions === "number") {
+      height = heightOrOptions;
+      opts = options;
+    } else {
+      height = widthOrOptions;
+    }
+  }
   return React.useMemo(() => {
     const w = width ?? size.width;
     const h = height ?? size.height;
-    return new webgpu.RenderTarget(w, h, options);
-  }, [width, height, size.width, size.height, options, isLegacy]);
+    return new webgpu.RenderTarget(w, h, opts);
+  }, [width, height, size.width, size.height, opts, isLegacy]);
 }
 
 function useStore() {
@@ -2781,7 +2378,7 @@ function addEffect(callback) {
     link: "https://docs.pmnd.rs/react-three-fiber/api/hooks#useframe"
   });
   const id = `legacy_effect_${effectId++}`;
-  return getScheduler().registerGlobal("before", id, callback);
+  return scheduler.getScheduler().registerGlobal("before", id, callback);
 }
 function addAfterEffect(callback) {
   notifyDepreciated({
@@ -2790,7 +2387,7 @@ function addAfterEffect(callback) {
     link: "https://docs.pmnd.rs/react-three-fiber/api/hooks#useframe"
   });
   const id = `legacy_afterEffect_${effectId++}`;
-  return getScheduler().registerGlobal("after", id, callback);
+  return scheduler.getScheduler().registerGlobal("after", id, callback);
 }
 function addTail(callback) {
   notifyDepreciated({
@@ -2798,13 +2395,13 @@ function addTail(callback) {
     body: "Use scheduler.onIdle(callback) instead.\naddTail will be removed in a future version.",
     link: "https://docs.pmnd.rs/react-three-fiber/api/hooks#useframe"
   });
-  return getScheduler().onIdle(callback);
+  return scheduler.getScheduler().onIdle(callback);
 }
 function invalidate(state, frames = 1, stackFrames = false) {
-  getScheduler().invalidate(frames, stackFrames);
+  scheduler.getScheduler().invalidate(frames, stackFrames);
 }
-function advance(timestamp, runGlobalEffects = true, state, frame) {
-  getScheduler().step(timestamp);
+function advance(timestamp) {
+  scheduler.getScheduler().step(timestamp);
 }
 
 const version = "10.0.0-alpha.2";
@@ -14257,6 +13854,7 @@ function swapInstances() {
       instance.object = instance.props.object ?? new target(...instance.props.args ?? []);
       instance.object.__r3f = instance;
       setFiberRef(fiber, instance.object);
+      delete instance.appliedOnce;
       applyProps(instance.object, instance.props);
       if (instance.props.attach) {
         attach(parent, instance);
@@ -14330,8 +13928,22 @@ const reconciler = /* @__PURE__ */ createReconciler({
     const isTailSibling = fiber.sibling === null || (fiber.flags & Update) === NoFlags;
     if (isTailSibling) swapInstances();
   },
-  finalizeInitialChildren: () => false,
-  commitMount() {
+  finalizeInitialChildren: (instance) => {
+    for (const prop in instance.props) {
+      if (isFromRef(instance.props[prop])) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
+  commitMount(instance) {
+    const resolved = {};
+    for (const prop in instance.props) {
+      const value = instance.props[prop];
+      if (isFromRef(value)) {
+        const ref = value[FROM_REF];
+        if (ref.current != null) resolved[prop] = ref.current;
+      }
+    }
+    if (Object.keys(resolved).length) applyProps(instance.object, resolved);
   },
   getPublicInstance: (instance) => instance?.object,
   prepareForCommit: () => null,
@@ -14552,6 +14164,9 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
       let resolve;
       pending = new Promise((_resolve) => resolve = _resolve);
       const {
+        id: canvasId,
+        primaryCanvas,
+        scheduler: schedulerConfig,
         gl: glConfig,
         renderer: rendererConfig,
         size: propsSize,
@@ -14559,10 +14174,6 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
         events,
         onCreated: onCreatedCallback,
         shadows = false,
-        linear = false,
-        flat = false,
-        textureColorSpace = webgpu.SRGBColorSpace,
-        legacy = false,
         orthographic = false,
         frameloop = "always",
         dpr = [1, 2],
@@ -14574,11 +14185,14 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
         onDropMissed,
         autoUpdateFrustum = true,
         occlusion = false,
-        _sizeProps
+        _sizeProps,
+        forceEven
       } = props;
+      const textureColorSpace = is.obj(glConfig) && !is.fun(glConfig) && !isRenderer(glConfig) && glConfig.textureColorSpace || is.obj(rendererConfig) && !is.fun(rendererConfig) && !isRenderer(rendererConfig) && rendererConfig.textureColorSpace || webgpu.SRGBColorSpace;
       const state = store.getState();
       const defaultGPUProps = {
-        canvas
+        canvas,
+        antialias: true
       };
       if (glConfig && !R3F_BUILD_LEGACY) {
         throw new Error(
@@ -14589,15 +14203,52 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
         throw new Error("Cannot use both gl and renderer props at the same time");
       }
       let renderer = state.internal.actualRenderer;
-      if (!state.internal.actualRenderer) {
+      if (primaryCanvas && !state.internal.actualRenderer) {
+        const primary = await waitForPrimary(primaryCanvas);
+        renderer = primary.renderer;
+        state.internal.actualRenderer = renderer;
+        const canvasTarget = new webgpu.CanvasTarget(canvas);
+        primary.store.setState((prev) => ({
+          internal: { ...prev.internal, isMultiCanvas: true }
+        }));
+        state.set((prev) => ({
+          webGPUSupported: primary.store.getState().webGPUSupported,
+          renderer,
+          primaryStore: primary.store,
+          internal: {
+            ...prev.internal,
+            canvasTarget,
+            isMultiCanvas: true,
+            isSecondary: true,
+            targetId: primaryCanvas
+          }
+        }));
+      } else if (!state.internal.actualRenderer) {
         renderer = await resolveRenderer(rendererConfig, defaultGPUProps, webgpu.WebGPURenderer);
         if (!renderer.hasInitialized?.()) {
+          const size2 = computeInitialSize(canvas, propsSize);
+          if (size2.width > 0 && size2.height > 0) {
+            const pixelRatio = calculateDpr(dpr);
+            canvas.width = size2.width * pixelRatio;
+            canvas.height = size2.height * pixelRatio;
+          }
           await renderer.init();
         }
         const backend = renderer.backend;
         const isWebGPUBackend = backend && "isWebGPUBackend" in backend;
         state.internal.actualRenderer = renderer;
-        state.set({ webGPUSupported: isWebGPUBackend, renderer });
+        state.set({ webGPUSupported: isWebGPUBackend, renderer, primaryStore: store });
+        if (canvasId && !state.internal.isSecondary) {
+          const canvasTarget = new webgpu.CanvasTarget(canvas);
+          const unregisterPrimary = registerPrimary(canvasId, renderer, store);
+          state.set((prev) => ({
+            internal: {
+              ...prev.internal,
+              canvasTarget,
+              unregisterPrimary
+            }
+          }));
+        }
       }
       let raycaster = state.raycaster;
       if (!raycaster) state.set({ raycaster: raycaster = new webgpu.Raycaster() });
@@ -14606,6 +14257,7 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
       if (!is.equ(params, raycaster.params, shallowLoose)) {
         applyProps(raycaster, { params: { ...raycaster.params, ...params } });
       }
+      let tempCamera = state.camera;
       if (!state.camera || state.camera === lastCamera && !is.equ(lastCamera, cameraOptions, shallowLoose)) {
         lastCamera = cameraOptions;
         const isCamera = cameraOptions?.isCamera;
@@ -14625,6 +14277,7 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
           if (!state.camera && !cameraOptions?.rotation) camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
         }
         state.set({ camera });
+        tempCamera = camera;
         raycaster.camera = camera;
       }
       if (!state.scene) {
@@ -14642,7 +14295,7 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
           rootScene: scene,
           internal: { ...prev.internal, container: scene }
         }));
-        const camera = state.camera;
+        const camera = tempCamera;
         if (camera && !camera.parent) scene.add(camera);
       }
       if (events && !state.events.handlers) {
@@ -14659,6 +14312,9 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
       if (_sizeProps !== void 0) {
         state.set({ _sizeProps });
       }
+      if (forceEven !== void 0 && state.internal.forceEven !== forceEven) {
+        state.set((prev) => ({ internal: { ...prev.internal, forceEven } }));
+      }
       const size = computeInitialSize(canvas, propsSize);
       if (!state._sizeImperative && !is.equ(size, state.size, shallowLoose)) {
         const wasImperative = state._sizeImperative;
@@ -14685,10 +14341,10 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
         lastConfiguredProps.performance = performance;
       }
       if (!state.xr) {
-        const handleXRFrame = (timestamp, frame) => {
+        const handleXRFrame = (timestamp, _frame) => {
           const state2 = store.getState();
           if (state2.frameloop === "never") return;
-          advance(timestamp, true);
+          advance(timestamp);
         };
         const actualRenderer = state.internal.actualRenderer;
         const handleSessionChange = () => {
@@ -14700,16 +14356,16 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
         };
         const xr = {
           connect() {
-            const { gl, renderer: renderer2, isLegacy } = store.getState();
-            const actualRenderer2 = renderer2 || gl;
-            actualRenderer2.xr.addEventListener("sessionstart", handleSessionChange);
-            actualRenderer2.xr.addEventListener("sessionend", handleSessionChange);
+            const { gl, renderer: renderer2 } = store.getState();
+            const xrManager = (renderer2 || gl).xr;
+            xrManager.addEventListener("sessionstart", handleSessionChange);
+            xrManager.addEventListener("sessionend", handleSessionChange);
           },
           disconnect() {
-            const { gl, renderer: renderer2, isLegacy } = store.getState();
-            const actualRenderer2 = renderer2 || gl;
-            actualRenderer2.xr.removeEventListener("sessionstart", handleSessionChange);
-            actualRenderer2.xr.removeEventListener("sessionend", handleSessionChange);
+            const { gl, renderer: renderer2 } = store.getState();
+            const xrManager = (renderer2 || gl).xr;
+            xrManager.removeEventListener("sessionstart", handleSessionChange);
+            xrManager.removeEventListener("sessionend", handleSessionChange);
           }
         };
         if (typeof renderer.xr?.addEventListener === "function") xr.connect();
@@ -14721,15 +14377,22 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
         const oldType = renderer.shadowMap.type;
         renderer.shadowMap.enabled = !!shadows;
         if (is.boo(shadows)) {
-          renderer.shadowMap.type = webgpu.PCFSoftShadowMap;
+          renderer.shadowMap.type = webgpu.PCFShadowMap;
         } else if (is.str(shadows)) {
+          if (shadows === "soft") {
+            notifyDepreciated({
+              heading: 'shadows="soft" is deprecated',
+              body: "Three has depreciated soft and improved basic PCFShadows, we converted for you.",
+              link: "https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/wiki/Migration-Guide?utm_source=chatgpt.com#181--182"
+            });
+          }
           const types = {
             basic: webgpu.BasicShadowMap,
             percentage: webgpu.PCFShadowMap,
-            soft: webgpu.PCFSoftShadowMap,
+            soft: webgpu.PCFShadowMap,
             variance: webgpu.VSMShadowMap
           };
-          renderer.shadowMap.type = types[shadows] ?? webgpu.PCFSoftShadowMap;
+          renderer.shadowMap.type = types[shadows] ?? webgpu.PCFShadowMap;
         } else if (is.obj(shadows)) {
           Object.assign(renderer.shadowMap, shadows);
         }
@@ -14737,28 +14400,70 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
           renderer.shadowMap.needsUpdate = true;
         }
       }
+      if (!configured) {
+        renderer.outputColorSpace = webgpu.SRGBColorSpace;
+        renderer.toneMapping = webgpu.ACESFilmicToneMapping;
+      }
       if (textureColorSpace !== lastConfiguredProps.textureColorSpace) {
         if (state.textureColorSpace !== textureColorSpace) state.set(() => ({ textureColorSpace }));
         lastConfiguredProps.textureColorSpace = textureColorSpace;
       }
+      const r3fProps = ["textureColorSpace"];
+      const constructorOnlyProps = ["samples", "antialias", "alpha", "canvas", "powerPreference"];
+      const nonApplyProps = [...r3fProps, ...constructorOnlyProps];
       if (glConfig && !is.fun(glConfig) && !isRenderer(glConfig) && !is.equ(glConfig, renderer, shallowLoose)) {
-        applyProps(renderer, glConfig);
+        const glProps = {};
+        for (const key in glConfig) {
+          if (!nonApplyProps.includes(key)) glProps[key] = glConfig[key];
+        }
+        applyProps(renderer, glProps);
       }
       if (rendererConfig && !is.fun(rendererConfig) && !isRenderer(rendererConfig) && state.renderer) {
         const currentRenderer = state.renderer;
         if (!is.equ(rendererConfig, currentRenderer, shallowLoose)) {
-          applyProps(currentRenderer, rendererConfig);
+          const rendererProps = {};
+          for (const key in rendererConfig) {
+            if (!nonApplyProps.includes(key)) rendererProps[key] = rendererConfig[key];
+          }
+          applyProps(currentRenderer, rendererProps);
         }
       }
-      const scheduler = getScheduler();
+      const scheduler$1 = scheduler.getScheduler();
       const rootId = state.internal.rootId;
       if (!rootId) {
-        const newRootId = scheduler.generateRootId();
-        const unregisterRoot = scheduler.registerRoot(newRootId, {
+        const newRootId = canvasId || scheduler$1.generateRootId();
+        const unregisterRoot = scheduler$1.registerRoot(newRootId, {
           getState: () => store.getState(),
           onError: (err) => store.getState().setError(err)
         });
-        const unregisterFrustum = scheduler.register(
+        const unregisterCanvasTarget = scheduler$1.register(
+          () => {
+            const state2 = store.getState();
+            if (state2.internal.isMultiCanvas && state2.internal.canvasTarget) {
+              const renderer2 = state2.internal.actualRenderer;
+              renderer2.setCanvasTarget(state2.internal.canvasTarget);
+            }
+          },
+          {
+            id: `${newRootId}_canvasTarget`,
+            rootId: newRootId,
+            phase: "start",
+            system: true
+          }
+        );
+        const unregisterEventsFlush = scheduler$1.register(
+          () => {
+            const state2 = store.getState();
+            state2.events.flush?.();
+          },
+          {
+            id: `${newRootId}_events`,
+            rootId: newRootId,
+            phase: "input",
+            system: true
+          }
+        );
+        const unregisterFrustum = scheduler$1.register(
           () => {
             const state2 = store.getState();
             if (state2.autoUpdateFrustum && state2.camera) {
@@ -14768,11 +14473,11 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
           {
             id: `${newRootId}_frustum`,
             rootId: newRootId,
-            phase: "preRender",
+            before: "render",
             system: true
           }
         );
-        const unregisterVisibility = scheduler.register(
+        const unregisterVisibility = scheduler$1.register(
           () => {
             const state2 = store.getState();
             checkVisibility(state2);
@@ -14780,30 +14485,34 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
           {
             id: `${newRootId}_visibility`,
             rootId: newRootId,
-            phase: "preRender",
+            before: "render",
             system: true,
             after: `${newRootId}_frustum`
           }
         );
-        const unregisterRender = scheduler.register(
+        const unregisterRender = scheduler$1.register(
           () => {
             const state2 = store.getState();
             const renderer2 = state2.internal.actualRenderer;
-            const userHandlesRender = scheduler.hasUserJobsInPhase("render", newRootId);
+            const userHandlesRender = scheduler$1.hasUserJobsInPhase("render", newRootId);
             if (userHandlesRender || state2.internal.priority) return;
             try {
-              if (state2.postProcessing?.render) state2.postProcessing.render();
+              if (state2.renderPipeline?.render) state2.renderPipeline.render();
               else if (renderer2?.render) renderer2.render(state2.scene, state2.camera);
             } catch (error) {
               state2.setError(error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)));
             }
           },
           {
-            id: `${newRootId}_render`,
+            // Use canvas ID directly as job ID if available, otherwise use generated rootId
+            id: canvasId || `${newRootId}_render`,
             rootId: newRootId,
             phase: "render",
-            system: true
+            system: true,
             // Internal flag: this is a system job, not user-controlled
+            // Apply scheduler config for render ordering and rate limiting
+            ...schedulerConfig?.after && { after: schedulerConfig.after },
+            ...schedulerConfig?.fps && { fps: schedulerConfig.fps }
           }
         );
         state.set((state2) => ({
@@ -14812,15 +14521,17 @@ function createRoot(canvas) {
             rootId: newRootId,
             unregisterRoot: () => {
               unregisterRoot();
+              unregisterCanvasTarget();
+              unregisterEventsFlush();
               unregisterFrustum();
               unregisterVisibility();
               unregisterRender();
             },
-            scheduler
+            scheduler: scheduler$1
           }
         }));
       }
-      scheduler.frameloop = frameloop;
+      scheduler$1.frameloop = frameloop;
       onCreated = onCreatedCallback;
       configured = true;
       resolve();
@@ -14870,15 +14581,24 @@ function unmountComponentAtNode(canvas, callback) {
             const renderer = state.internal.actualRenderer;
             const unregisterRoot = state.internal.unregisterRoot;
             if (unregisterRoot) unregisterRoot();
+            const unregisterPrimary = state.internal.unregisterPrimary;
+            if (unregisterPrimary) unregisterPrimary();
+            const canvasTarget = state.internal.canvasTarget;
+            if (canvasTarget?.dispose) canvasTarget.dispose();
             state.events.disconnect?.();
             cleanupHelperGroup(root.store);
-            renderer?.renderLists?.dispose?.();
-            renderer?.forceContextLoss?.();
-            if (renderer?.xr) state.xr.disconnect();
+            if (state.isLegacy && renderer) {
+              ;
+              renderer.renderLists?.dispose?.();
+              renderer.forceContextLoss?.();
+            }
+            if (!state.internal.isSecondary) {
+              if (renderer?.xr) state.xr.disconnect();
+            }
             dispose(state.scene);
             _roots.delete(canvas);
             if (callback) callback(canvas);
-          } catch (e) {
+          } catch {
           }
         }, 500);
       }
@@ -14886,36 +14606,34 @@ function unmountComponentAtNode(canvas, callback) {
   }
 }
 function createPortal(children, container, state) {
-  return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(PortalWrapper, { children, container, state });
+  return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(Portal, { children, container, state });
 }
-function PortalWrapper({ children, container, state }) {
+function Portal({ children, container, state }) {
   const isRef = React.useCallback((obj) => obj && "current" in obj, []);
-  const [resolvedContainer, setResolvedContainer] = React.useState(() => {
+  const [resolvedContainer, _setResolvedContainer] = React.useState(() => {
     if (isRef(container)) return container.current ?? null;
     return container;
   });
+  const setResolvedContainer = React.useCallback(
+    (newContainer) => {
+      if (!newContainer || newContainer === resolvedContainer) return;
+      _setResolvedContainer(isRef(newContainer) ? newContainer.current : newContainer);
+    },
+    [resolvedContainer, _setResolvedContainer, isRef]
+  );
   React.useMemo(() => {
-    if (isRef(container)) {
-      const current = container.current;
-      if (!current) {
-        queueMicrotask(() => {
-          const updated = container.current;
-          if (updated && updated !== resolvedContainer) {
-            setResolvedContainer(updated);
-          }
-        });
-      } else if (current !== resolvedContainer) {
-        setResolvedContainer(current);
-      }
-    } else if (container !== resolvedContainer) {
-      setResolvedContainer(container);
+    if (isRef(container) && !container.current) {
+      return queueMicrotask(() => {
+        setResolvedContainer(container.current);
+      });
     }
-  }, [container, resolvedContainer, isRef]);
+    setResolvedContainer(container);
+  }, [container, isRef, setResolvedContainer]);
   if (!resolvedContainer) return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(jsxRuntime.Fragment, {});
   const portalKey = resolvedContainer.uuid ?? `portal-${resolvedContainer.id ?? "unknown"}`;
-  return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(Portal, { children, container: resolvedContainer, state }, portalKey);
+  return /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(PortalInner, { children, container: resolvedContainer, state }, portalKey);
 }
-function Portal({ state = {}, children, container }) {
+function PortalInner({ state = {}, children, container }) {
   const { events, size, injectScene = true, ...rest } = state;
   const previousRoot = useStore();
   const [raycaster] = React.useState(() => new webgpu.Raycaster());
@@ -14936,11 +14654,12 @@ function Portal({ state = {}, children, container }) {
     };
   }, [portalScene, container, injectScene]);
   const inject = useMutableCallback((rootState, injectState) => {
+    const resolvedSize = { ...rootState.size, ...injectState.size, ...size };
     let viewport = void 0;
-    if (injectState.camera && size) {
+    if (injectState.camera && (size || injectState.size)) {
       const camera = injectState.camera;
-      viewport = rootState.viewport.getCurrentViewport(camera, new webgpu.Vector3(), size);
-      if (camera !== rootState.camera) updateCamera(camera, size);
+      viewport = rootState.viewport.getCurrentViewport(camera, new webgpu.Vector3(), resolvedSize);
+      if (camera !== rootState.camera) updateCamera(camera, resolvedSize);
     }
     return {
       // The intersect consists of the previous root state
@@ -14957,7 +14676,7 @@ function Portal({ state = {}, children, container }) {
       previousRoot,
       // Events, size and viewport can be overridden by the inject layer
       events: { ...rootState.events, ...injectState.events, ...events },
-      size: { ...rootState.size, ...size },
+      size: resolvedSize,
       viewport: { ...rootState.viewport, ...viewport },
       // Layers are allowed to override events
       setEvents: (events2) => injectState.set((state2) => ({ ...state2, events: { ...state2.events, ...events2 } })),
@@ -14969,9 +14688,13 @@ function Portal({ state = {}, children, container }) {
     const store = traditional.createWithEqualityFn((set, get) => ({ ...rest, set, get }));
     const onMutate = (prev) => store.setState((state2) => inject.current(prev, state2));
     onMutate(previousRoot.getState());
-    previousRoot.subscribe(onMutate);
     return store;
   }, [previousRoot, container]);
+  useIsomorphicLayoutEffect(() => {
+    const onMutate = (prev) => usePortalStore.setState((state2) => inject.current(prev, state2));
+    const unsubscribe = previousRoot.subscribe(onMutate);
+    return unsubscribe;
+  }, [previousRoot, usePortalStore]);
   return (
     // @ts-ignore, reconciler types are not maintained
     /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(jsxRuntime.Fragment, { children: reconciler.createPortal(
@@ -14985,21 +14708,59 @@ function flushSync(fn) {
   return reconciler.flushSyncFromReconciler(fn);
 }
 
+function parseBackground(background) {
+  if (!background) return null;
+  if (typeof background === "object" && !background.isColor) {
+    const { backgroundMap, envMap, files, preset, ...rest } = background;
+    return {
+      ...rest,
+      preset,
+      files: envMap || files,
+      backgroundFiles: backgroundMap,
+      background: true
+    };
+  }
+  if (typeof background === "number") {
+    return { color: background, background: true };
+  }
+  if (typeof background === "string") {
+    if (background in presetsObj) {
+      return { preset: background, background: true };
+    }
+    if (/^(https?:\/\/|\/|\.\/|\.\.\/)|\.(hdr|exr|jpg|jpeg|png|webp|gif)$/i.test(background)) {
+      return { files: background, background: true };
+    }
+    return { color: background, background: true };
+  }
+  if (background.isColor) {
+    return { color: background, background: true };
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+function clearHmrCaches(store) {
+  store.setState((state) => ({
+    nodes: {},
+    uniforms: {},
+    buffers: {},
+    gpuStorage: {},
+    _hmrVersion: state._hmrVersion + 1
+  }));
+}
+
 function CanvasImpl({
   ref,
   children,
   fallback,
   resize,
   style,
+  id,
   gl,
-  renderer,
+  renderer: rendererProp,
   events = createPointerEvents,
   eventSource,
   eventPrefix,
   shadows,
-  linear,
-  flat,
-  legacy,
   orthographic,
   frameloop,
   dpr,
@@ -15007,6 +14768,8 @@ function CanvasImpl({
   raycaster,
   camera,
   scene,
+  autoUpdateFrustum,
+  occlusion,
   onPointerMissed,
   onDragOverMissed,
   onDropMissed,
@@ -15014,10 +14777,25 @@ function CanvasImpl({
   hmr,
   width,
   height,
+  background,
+  forceEven,
   ...props
 }) {
+  const isRendererConfig = typeof rendererProp === "object" && rendererProp !== null && !("render" in rendererProp) && ("primaryCanvas" in rendererProp || "scheduler" in rendererProp);
+  let primaryCanvas;
+  let scheduler;
+  let renderer;
+  if (isRendererConfig) {
+    const { primaryCanvas: pc, scheduler: sc, ...rest } = rendererProp;
+    primaryCanvas = pc;
+    scheduler = sc;
+    renderer = Object.keys(rest).length > 0 ? rest : rendererProp;
+  } else {
+    renderer = rendererProp;
+  }
   React__namespace.useMemo(() => extend(THREE), []);
   const Bridge = useBridge();
+  const backgroundProps = React__namespace.useMemo(() => parseBackground(background), [background]);
   const hasInitialSizeRef = React__namespace.useRef(false);
   const measureConfig = React__namespace.useMemo(() => {
     if (!hasInitialSizeRef.current) {
@@ -15034,15 +14812,20 @@ function CanvasImpl({
     };
   }, [resize, hasInitialSizeRef.current]);
   const [containerRef, containerRect] = useMeasure__default(measureConfig);
-  const effectiveSize = React__namespace.useMemo(
-    () => ({
-      width: width ?? containerRect.width,
-      height: height ?? containerRect.height,
+  const effectiveSize = React__namespace.useMemo(() => {
+    let w = width ?? containerRect.width;
+    let h = height ?? containerRect.height;
+    if (forceEven) {
+      w = Math.ceil(w / 2) * 2;
+      h = Math.ceil(h / 2) * 2;
+    }
+    return {
+      width: w,
+      height: h,
       top: containerRect.top,
       left: containerRect.left
-    }),
-    [width, height, containerRect]
-  );
+    };
+  }, [width, height, containerRect, forceEven]);
   if (!hasInitialSizeRef.current && effectiveSize.width > 0 && effectiveSize.height > 0) {
     hasInitialSizeRef.current = true;
   }
@@ -15082,23 +14865,26 @@ function CanvasImpl({
       async function run() {
         if (!effectActiveRef.current || !root.current) return;
         await root.current.configure({
+          id,
+          primaryCanvas,
+          scheduler,
           gl,
           renderer,
           scene,
           events,
           shadows,
-          linear,
-          flat,
-          legacy,
           orthographic,
           frameloop,
           dpr,
           performance,
           raycaster,
           camera,
+          autoUpdateFrustum,
+          occlusion,
           size: effectiveSize,
           // Store size props for reset functionality
           _sizeProps: width !== void 0 || height !== void 0 ? { width, height } : null,
+          forceEven,
           // Pass mutable reference to onPointerMissed so it's free to update
           onPointerMissed: (...args) => handlePointerMissed.current?.(...args),
           onDragOverMissed: (...args) => handleDragOverMissed.current?.(...args),
@@ -15122,7 +14908,10 @@ function CanvasImpl({
         });
         if (!effectActiveRef.current || !root.current) return;
         root.current.render(
-          /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(Bridge, { children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(ErrorBoundary, { set: setError, children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(React__namespace.Suspense, { fallback: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(Block, { set: setBlock }), children: children ?? null }) }) })
+          /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(Bridge, { children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(ErrorBoundary, { set: setError, children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsxs(React__namespace.Suspense, { fallback: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(Block, { set: setBlock }), children: [
+            backgroundProps && /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(Environment, { ...backgroundProps }),
+            children ?? null
+          ] }) }) })
         );
       }
       run();
@@ -15149,20 +14938,15 @@ function CanvasImpl({
     const canvas = canvasRef.current;
     if (!canvas) return;
     const handleHMR = () => {
-      const rootEntry = _roots.get(canvas);
-      if (rootEntry?.store) {
-        rootEntry.store.setState((state) => ({
-          nodes: {},
-          uniforms: {},
-          _hmrVersion: state._hmrVersion + 1
-        }));
-      }
+      queueMicrotask(() => {
+        const rootEntry = _roots.get(canvas);
+        if (rootEntry?.store) clearHmrCaches(rootEntry.store);
+      });
     };
     if (typeof ({ url: (typeof document === 'undefined' ? require('u' + 'rl').pathToFileURL(__filename).href : (_documentCurrentScript && _documentCurrentScript.tagName.toUpperCase() === 'SCRIPT' && _documentCurrentScript.src || new URL('index.cjs', document.baseURI).href)) }) !== "undefined" && undefined) {
       const hot = undefined;
       hot.on("vite:afterUpdate", handleHMR);
-      return () => hot.dispose?.(() => {
-      });
+      return () => hot.off?.("vite:afterUpdate", handleHMR);
     }
     if (typeof module !== "undefined" && module.hot) {
       const hot = module.hot;
@@ -15185,7 +14969,16 @@ function CanvasImpl({
         ...style
       },
       ...props,
-      children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx("div", { ref: containerRef, className: "r3f-canvas-container", style: { width: "100%", height: "100%" }, children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx("canvas", { ref: canvasRef, className: "r3f-canvas", style: { display: "block" }, children: fallback }) })
+      children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx("div", { ref: containerRef, className: "r3f-canvas-container", style: { width: "100%", height: "100%" }, children: /* @__PURE__ */ jsxRuntime.jsx(
+        "canvas",
+        {
+          ref: canvasRef,
+          id,
+          className: "r3f-canvas",
+          style: { display: "block", width: "100%", height: "100%" },
+          children: fallback
+        }
+      ) })
     }
   );
 }
@@ -15258,6 +15051,48 @@ let ScopedStore = _ScopedStore;
 function createScopedStore(data) {
   return new ScopedStore(data);
 }
+function createLazyCreatorState(state) {
+  let _uniforms = null;
+  let _nodes = null;
+  let _buffers = null;
+  let _gpuStorage = null;
+  return Object.create(state, {
+    uniforms: {
+      get() {
+        return _uniforms ?? (_uniforms = createScopedStore(state.uniforms));
+      }
+    },
+    nodes: {
+      get() {
+        return _nodes ?? (_nodes = createScopedStore(state.nodes));
+      }
+    },
+    buffers: {
+      get() {
+        return _buffers ?? (_buffers = createScopedStore(state.buffers));
+      }
+    },
+    gpuStorage: {
+      get() {
+        return _gpuStorage ?? (_gpuStorage = createScopedStore(state.gpuStorage));
+      }
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function resolvePrimary(local) {
+  return local.getState().primaryStore ?? local;
+}
+function usePrimaryStore() {
+  const local = useStore();
+  const primary = local.getState().primaryStore;
+  return React.useMemo(() => primary ?? local, [primary, local]);
+}
+function usePrimaryThree(selector = (state) => state, equalityFn) {
+  const local = useStore();
+  const primary = resolvePrimary(local);
+  return primary(selector, equalityFn);
+}
 
 function addTexture(set, key, value) {
   set((state) => {
@@ -15298,6 +15133,27 @@ function createTextureOperations(set) {
     removeMultiple: (keys) => removeTextures(set, keys)
   };
 }
+function extractTSLValue(value) {
+  if (value === null || value === void 0) return value;
+  if (typeof value !== "object") return value;
+  const node = value;
+  if (!node.isNode) return value;
+  if (node.isConstNode) {
+    return node.value;
+  }
+  if ("value" in node) {
+    let extractedValue = node.value;
+    if (typeof node.traverse === "function") {
+      node.traverse((n) => {
+        if (n.isConstNode) {
+          extractedValue = n.value;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return extractedValue;
+  }
+  return value;
+}
 function vectorize(inObject) {
   if (inObject === null || inObject === void 0) return inObject;
   if (typeof inObject === "string") {
@@ -15310,9 +15166,16 @@ function vectorize(inObject) {
   }
   if (typeof inObject !== "object") return inObject;
   const obj = inObject;
+  if (obj.isNode) {
+    return extractTSLValue(inObject);
+  }
   if (obj.isVector2 || obj.isVector3 || obj.isVector4) return inObject;
   if (obj.isMatrix3 || obj.isMatrix4) return inObject;
   if (obj.isColor || obj.isEuler || obj.isQuaternion || obj.isSpherical) return inObject;
+  if ("r" in obj && "g" in obj && "b" in obj && typeof obj.r === "number" && typeof obj.g === "number" && typeof obj.b === "number") {
+    const scale = obj.r > 1 || obj.g > 1 || obj.b > 1 ? 1 / 255 : 1;
+    return new webgpu.Color(obj.r * scale, obj.g * scale, obj.b * scale);
+  }
   if ("x" in obj && "y" in obj && typeof obj.x === "number" && typeof obj.y === "number") {
     if ("w" in obj && typeof obj.w === "number" && "z" in obj && typeof obj.z === "number") {
       return new webgpu.Vector4(obj.x, obj.y, obj.z, obj.w);
@@ -15336,7 +15199,7 @@ function useCompareMemoize(value, deep) {
 
 const isUniformNode$1 = (value) => value !== null && typeof value === "object" && "value" in value && "uuid" in value;
 function useUniforms(creatorOrScope, scope) {
-  const store = useStore();
+  const store = usePrimaryStore();
   const removeUniforms2 = React.useCallback(
     (names, targetScope) => {
       const nameArray = Array.isArray(names) ? names : [names];
@@ -15375,17 +15238,14 @@ function useUniforms(creatorOrScope, scope) {
   const rebuildUniforms = React.useCallback(
     (targetScope) => {
       store.setState((state) => {
-        let newUniforms = state.uniforms;
+        let newUniforms = {};
         if (targetScope && targetScope !== "root") {
           const { [targetScope]: _, ...rest } = state.uniforms;
           newUniforms = rest;
         } else if (targetScope === "root") {
-          newUniforms = {};
           for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(state.uniforms)) {
             if (!isUniformNode$1(value)) newUniforms[key] = value;
           }
-        } else {
-          newUniforms = {};
         }
         return { uniforms: newUniforms, _hmrVersion: state._hmrVersion + 1 };
       });
@@ -15393,20 +15253,26 @@ function useUniforms(creatorOrScope, scope) {
     [store]
   );
   const inputForMemoization = React.useMemo(() => {
+    let raw = creatorOrScope;
     if (is.fun(creatorOrScope)) {
-      const state = store.getState();
-      const wrappedState = {
-        ...state,
-        uniforms: createScopedStore(state.uniforms),
-        nodes: createScopedStore(state.nodes)
-      };
-      return creatorOrScope(wrappedState);
+      const wrappedState = createLazyCreatorState(store.getState());
+      raw = creatorOrScope(wrappedState);
+    }
+    if (raw && typeof raw === "object" && !Array.isArray(raw)) {
+      const normalized = {};
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(raw)) {
+        normalized[key] = vectorize(value);
+      }
+      return normalized;
     }
-    return creatorOrScope;
+    return raw;
   }, [creatorOrScope, store]);
   const memoizedInput = useCompareMemoize(inputForMemoization);
   const isReader = memoizedInput === void 0 || typeof memoizedInput === "string";
-  const storeUniforms = useThree((s) => s.uniforms);
+  const storeUniforms = usePrimaryThree((s) => s.uniforms);
+  const hmrVersion = usePrimaryThree((s) => s._hmrVersion);
+  const readerDep = isReader ? storeUniforms : null;
+  const creatorDep = isReader ? null : hmrVersion;
   const uniforms = React.useMemo(() => {
     if (memoizedInput === void 0) {
       return storeUniforms;
@@ -15461,28 +15327,20 @@ function useUniforms(creatorOrScope, scope) {
       }
     }
     return result;
-  }, [
-    store,
-    memoizedInput,
-    scope,
-    // Only include storeUniforms in deps for reader modes to enable reactivity
-    isReader ? storeUniforms : null
-  ]);
+  }, [store, memoizedInput, scope, readerDep, creatorDep]);
   return { ...uniforms, removeUniforms: removeUniforms2, clearUniforms, rebuildUniforms };
 }
 function rebuildAllUniforms(store, scope) {
+  store = store.getState().primaryStore ?? store;
   store.setState((state) => {
-    let newUniforms = state.uniforms;
+    let newUniforms = {};
     if (scope && scope !== "root") {
       const { [scope]: _, ...rest } = state.uniforms;
       newUniforms = rest;
     } else if (scope === "root") {
-      newUniforms = {};
       for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(state.uniforms)) {
         if (!isUniformNode$1(value)) newUniforms[key] = value;
       }
-    } else {
-      newUniforms = {};
     }
     return { uniforms: newUniforms, _hmrVersion: state._hmrVersion + 1 };
   });
@@ -15550,15 +15408,17 @@ function isSameThreeType(a, b) {
 }
 
 const isUniformNode = (value) => value !== null && typeof value === "object" && "value" in value && "uuid" in value;
+const isTSLNode$1 = (value) => value !== null && typeof value === "object" && "uuid" in value && "nodeType" in value;
 function useUniform(name, value) {
   const store = useStore();
+  const hmrVersion = useThree((s) => s._hmrVersion);
   return React.useMemo(() => {
     const state = store.getState();
     const set = store.setState;
     const existing = state.uniforms[name];
     if (existing && isUniformNode(existing)) {
-      if (value !== void 0) {
-        existing.value = value;
+      if (value !== void 0 && !isTSLNode$1(value) && !isUniformNode(value)) {
+        existing.value = typeof value === "string" ? new webgpu.Color(value) : value;
       }
       return existing;
     }
@@ -15567,7 +15427,24 @@ function useUniform(name, value) {
         `[useUniform] Uniform "${name}" not found. Create it first with: useUniform('${name}', initialValue)`
       );
     }
-    const node = tsl.uniform(value);
+    if (isUniformNode(value)) {
+      const node2 = value;
+      if (typeof node2.setName === "function") {
+        node2.setName(name);
+      }
+      set((s) => ({
+        uniforms: { ...s.uniforms, [name]: node2 }
+      }));
+      return node2;
+    }
+    let node;
+    if (isTSLNode$1(value)) {
+      node = tsl.uniform(value);
+    } else if (typeof value === "string") {
+      node = tsl.uniform(new webgpu.Color(value));
+    } else {
+      node = tsl.uniform(value);
+    }
     if (typeof node.setName === "function") {
       node.setName(name);
     }
@@ -15578,12 +15455,12 @@ function useUniform(name, value) {
       }
     }));
     return node;
-  }, [store, name]);
+  }, [store, name, hmrVersion]);
 }
 
 const isTSLNode = (value) => value !== null && typeof value === "object" && ("uuid" in value || "nodeType" in value);
 function useNodes(creatorOrScope, scope) {
-  const store = useStore();
+  const store = usePrimaryStore();
   const removeNodes2 = React.useCallback(
     (names, targetScope) => {
       const nameArray = Array.isArray(names) ? names : [names];
@@ -15640,8 +15517,11 @@ function useNodes(creatorOrScope, scope) {
     [store]
   );
   const isReader = creatorOrScope === void 0 || typeof creatorOrScope === "string";
-  const storeNodes = useThree((s) => s.nodes);
-  const hmrVersion = useThree((s) => s._hmrVersion);
+  const storeNodes = usePrimaryThree((s) => s.nodes);
+  const hmrVersion = usePrimaryThree((s) => s._hmrVersion);
+  const scopeDep = typeof creatorOrScope === "string" ? creatorOrScope : scope;
+  const readerDep = isReader ? storeNodes : null;
+  const creatorDep = isReader ? null : hmrVersion;
   const nodes = React.useMemo(() => {
     if (creatorOrScope === void 0) {
       return storeNodes;
@@ -15654,11 +15534,7 @@ function useNodes(creatorOrScope, scope) {
     const state = store.getState();
     const set = store.setState;
     const creator = creatorOrScope;
-    const wrappedState = {
-      ...state,
-      uniforms: createScopedStore(state.uniforms),
-      nodes: createScopedStore(state.nodes)
-    };
+    const wrappedState = createLazyCreatorState(state);
     const created = creator(wrappedState);
     const result = {};
     let hasNewNodes = false;
@@ -15668,7 +15544,7 @@ function useNodes(creatorOrScope, scope) {
         if (currentScope[name]) {
           result[name] = currentScope[name];
         } else {
-          if (typeof node.label === "function") node.setName(`${scope}.${name}`);
+          node.setName?.(`${scope}.${name}`);
           result[name] = node;
           hasNewNodes = true;
         }
@@ -15688,7 +15564,7 @@ function useNodes(creatorOrScope, scope) {
       if (existing && isTSLNode(existing)) {
         result[name] = existing;
       } else {
-        if (typeof node.label === "function") node.setName(name);
+        node.setName?.(name);
         result[name] = node;
         hasNewNodes = true;
       }
@@ -15697,18 +15573,11 @@ function useNodes(creatorOrScope, scope) {
       set((s) => ({ nodes: { ...s.nodes, ...result } }));
     }
     return result;
-  }, [
-    store,
-    typeof creatorOrScope === "string" ? creatorOrScope : scope,
-    // Only include storeNodes in deps for reader modes to enable reactivity
-    // Creator mode intentionally excludes it to avoid re-running creator on unrelated changes
-    isReader ? storeNodes : null,
-    // Include hmrVersion for creator modes to allow rebuildNodes() to bust the cache
-    isReader ? null : hmrVersion
-  ]);
+  }, [store, scopeDep, readerDep, creatorDep]);
   return { ...nodes, removeNodes: removeNodes2, clearNodes, rebuildNodes };
 }
 function rebuildAllNodes(store, scope) {
+  store = store.getState().primaryStore ?? store;
   store.setState((state) => {
     let newNodes = state.nodes;
     if (scope && scope !== "root") {
@@ -15753,22 +15622,364 @@ function clearRootNodes(set) {
   });
 }
 function useLocalNodes(creator) {
-  const store = useStore();
-  const uniforms = useThree((s) => s.uniforms);
-  const nodes = useThree((s) => s.nodes);
-  const textures = useThree((s) => s.textures);
+  const store = usePrimaryStore();
+  const uniforms = usePrimaryThree((s) => s.uniforms);
+  const nodes = usePrimaryThree((s) => s.nodes);
+  const textures = usePrimaryThree((s) => s.textures);
+  const hmrVersion = usePrimaryThree((s) => s._hmrVersion);
   return React.useMemo(() => {
-    const state = store.getState();
-    const wrappedState = {
-      ...state,
-      uniforms: createScopedStore(state.uniforms),
-      nodes: createScopedStore(state.nodes)
-    };
+    const wrappedState = createLazyCreatorState(store.getState());
     return creator(wrappedState);
-  }, [store, creator, uniforms, nodes, textures]);
+  }, [store, creator, uniforms, nodes, textures, hmrVersion]);
+}
+
+const isBufferLike = (value) => {
+  if (value === null || typeof value !== "object") return false;
+  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(value)) return true;
+  if ("isBufferAttribute" in value) return true;
+  if ("uuid" in value || "nodeType" in value) return true;
+  return false;
+};
+const disposeBuffer = (buffer) => {
+  if (buffer === null || typeof buffer !== "object") return;
+  if ("dispose" in buffer && typeof buffer.dispose === "function") {
+    buffer.dispose();
+  }
+};
+function useBuffers(creatorOrScope, scope) {
+  const store = usePrimaryStore();
+  const removeBuffers = React.useCallback(
+    (names, targetScope) => {
+      const nameArray = Array.isArray(names) ? names : [names];
+      store.setState((state) => {
+        if (targetScope) {
+          const currentScope = { ...state.buffers[targetScope] };
+          for (const name of nameArray) delete currentScope[name];
+          return { buffers: { ...state.buffers, [targetScope]: currentScope } };
+        }
+        const buffers2 = { ...state.buffers };
+        for (const name of nameArray) if (isBufferLike(buffers2[name])) delete buffers2[name];
+        return { buffers: buffers2 };
+      });
+    },
+    [store]
+  );
+  const clearBuffers = React.useCallback(
+    (targetScope) => {
+      store.setState((state) => {
+        if (targetScope && targetScope !== "root") {
+          const { [targetScope]: _, ...rest } = state.buffers;
+          return { buffers: rest };
+        }
+        if (targetScope === "root") {
+          const buffers2 = {};
+          for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(state.buffers)) {
+            if (!isBufferLike(value)) buffers2[key] = value;
+          }
+          return { buffers: buffers2 };
+        }
+        return { buffers: {} };
+      });
+    },
+    [store]
+  );
+  const rebuildBuffers = React.useCallback(
+    (targetScope) => {
+      store.setState((state) => {
+        let newBuffers = state.buffers;
+        if (targetScope && targetScope !== "root") {
+          const { [targetScope]: _, ...rest } = state.buffers;
+          newBuffers = rest;
+        } else if (targetScope === "root") {
+          newBuffers = {};
+          for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(state.buffers)) {
+            if (!isBufferLike(value)) newBuffers[key] = value;
+          }
+        } else {
+          newBuffers = {};
+        }
+        return { buffers: newBuffers, _hmrVersion: state._hmrVersion + 1 };
+      });
+    },
+    [store]
+  );
+  const disposeBuffers = React.useCallback(
+    (names, targetScope) => {
+      const nameArray = Array.isArray(names) ? names : [names];
+      const state = store.getState();
+      for (const name of nameArray) {
+        const buffer = targetScope ? state.buffers[targetScope]?.[name] : state.buffers[name];
+        if (buffer && isBufferLike(buffer)) {
+          disposeBuffer(buffer);
+        }
+      }
+      removeBuffers(names, targetScope);
+    },
+    [store, removeBuffers]
+  );
+  const isReader = creatorOrScope === void 0 || typeof creatorOrScope === "string";
+  const storeBuffers = usePrimaryThree((s) => s.buffers);
+  const hmrVersion = usePrimaryThree((s) => s._hmrVersion);
+  const scopeDep = typeof creatorOrScope === "string" ? creatorOrScope : scope;
+  const readerDep = isReader ? storeBuffers : null;
+  const creatorDep = isReader ? null : hmrVersion;
+  const buffers = React.useMemo(() => {
+    if (creatorOrScope === void 0) {
+      return storeBuffers;
+    }
+    if (typeof creatorOrScope === "string") {
+      const scopeData = storeBuffers[creatorOrScope];
+      if (scopeData && !isBufferLike(scopeData)) return scopeData;
+      return {};
+    }
+    const state = store.getState();
+    const set = store.setState;
+    const creator = creatorOrScope;
+    const wrappedState = createLazyCreatorState(state);
+    const created = creator(wrappedState);
+    const result = {};
+    let hasNewBuffers = false;
+    if (scope) {
+      const currentScope = state.buffers[scope] ?? {};
+      for (const [name, buffer] of Object.entries(created)) {
+        if (currentScope[name]) {
+          result[name] = currentScope[name];
+        } else {
+          if ("setName" in buffer && typeof buffer.setName === "function") {
+            buffer.setName(`${scope}.${name}`);
+          }
+          result[name] = buffer;
+          hasNewBuffers = true;
+        }
+      }
+      if (hasNewBuffers) {
+        set((s) => ({
+          buffers: {
+            ...s.buffers,
+            [scope]: { ...s.buffers[scope], ...result }
+          }
+        }));
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    for (const [name, buffer] of Object.entries(created)) {
+      const existing = state.buffers[name];
+      if (existing && isBufferLike(existing)) {
+        result[name] = existing;
+      } else {
+        if ("setName" in buffer && typeof buffer.setName === "function") {
+          buffer.setName(name);
+        }
+        result[name] = buffer;
+        hasNewBuffers = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (hasNewBuffers) {
+      set((s) => ({ buffers: { ...s.buffers, ...result } }));
+    }
+    return result;
+  }, [store, scopeDep, readerDep, creatorDep]);
+  return { ...buffers, removeBuffers, clearBuffers, rebuildBuffers, disposeBuffers };
+}
+function rebuildAllBuffers(store, scope) {
+  store = store.getState().primaryStore ?? store;
+  store.setState((state) => {
+    let newBuffers = state.buffers;
+    if (scope && scope !== "root") {
+      const { [scope]: _, ...rest } = state.buffers;
+      newBuffers = rest;
+    } else if (scope === "root") {
+      newBuffers = {};
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(state.buffers)) {
+        if (!isBufferLike(value)) newBuffers[key] = value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      newBuffers = {};
+    }
+    return { buffers: newBuffers, _hmrVersion: state._hmrVersion + 1 };
+  });
+}
+
+const isStorageLike = (value) => {
+  if (value === null || typeof value !== "object") return false;
+  if ("isTexture" in value) return true;
+  if ("isData3DTexture" in value) return true;
+  if ("uuid" in value || "nodeType" in value) return true;
+  return false;
+};
+const disposeStorage = (storage) => {
+  if (storage === null || typeof storage !== "object") return;
+  if ("dispose" in storage && typeof storage.dispose === "function") {
+    storage.dispose();
+  }
+};
+function useGPUStorage(creatorOrScope, scope) {
+  const store = usePrimaryStore();
+  const removeStorage = React.useCallback(
+    (names, targetScope) => {
+      const nameArray = Array.isArray(names) ? names : [names];
+      store.setState((state) => {
+        if (targetScope) {
+          const currentScope = { ...state.gpuStorage[targetScope] };
+          for (const name of nameArray) delete currentScope[name];
+          return { gpuStorage: { ...state.gpuStorage, [targetScope]: currentScope } };
+        }
+        const gpuStorage2 = { ...state.gpuStorage };
+        for (const name of nameArray) if (isStorageLike(gpuStorage2[name])) delete gpuStorage2[name];
+        return { gpuStorage: gpuStorage2 };
+      });
+    },
+    [store]
+  );
+  const clearStorage = React.useCallback(
+    (targetScope) => {
+      store.setState((state) => {
+        if (targetScope && targetScope !== "root") {
+          const { [targetScope]: _, ...rest } = state.gpuStorage;
+          return { gpuStorage: rest };
+        }
+        if (targetScope === "root") {
+          const gpuStorage2 = {};
+          for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(state.gpuStorage)) {
+            if (!isStorageLike(value)) gpuStorage2[key] = value;
+          }
+          return { gpuStorage: gpuStorage2 };
+        }
+        return { gpuStorage: {} };
+      });
+    },
+    [store]
+  );
+  const rebuildStorage = React.useCallback(
+    (targetScope) => {
+      store.setState((state) => {
+        let newStorage = state.gpuStorage;
+        if (targetScope && targetScope !== "root") {
+          const { [targetScope]: _, ...rest } = state.gpuStorage;
+          newStorage = rest;
+        } else if (targetScope === "root") {
+          newStorage = {};
+          for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(state.gpuStorage)) {
+            if (!isStorageLike(value)) newStorage[key] = value;
+          }
+        } else {
+          newStorage = {};
+        }
+        return { gpuStorage: newStorage, _hmrVersion: state._hmrVersion + 1 };
+      });
+    },
+    [store]
+  );
+  const disposeStorageFn = React.useCallback(
+    (names, targetScope) => {
+      const nameArray = Array.isArray(names) ? names : [names];
+      const state = store.getState();
+      for (const name of nameArray) {
+        const storage = targetScope ? state.gpuStorage[targetScope]?.[name] : state.gpuStorage[name];
+        if (storage && isStorageLike(storage)) {
+          disposeStorage(storage);
+        }
+      }
+      removeStorage(names, targetScope);
+    },
+    [store, removeStorage]
+  );
+  const isReader = creatorOrScope === void 0 || typeof creatorOrScope === "string";
+  const storeStorage = usePrimaryThree((s) => s.gpuStorage);
+  const hmrVersion = usePrimaryThree((s) => s._hmrVersion);
+  const scopeDep = typeof creatorOrScope === "string" ? creatorOrScope : scope;
+  const readerDep = isReader ? storeStorage : null;
+  const creatorDep = isReader ? null : hmrVersion;
+  const gpuStorage = React.useMemo(() => {
+    if (creatorOrScope === void 0) {
+      return storeStorage;
+    }
+    if (typeof creatorOrScope === "string") {
+      const scopeData = storeStorage[creatorOrScope];
+      if (scopeData && !isStorageLike(scopeData)) return scopeData;
+      return {};
+    }
+    const state = store.getState();
+    const set = store.setState;
+    const creator = creatorOrScope;
+    const wrappedState = createLazyCreatorState(state);
+    const created = creator(wrappedState);
+    const result = {};
+    let hasNewStorage = false;
+    if (scope) {
+      const currentScope = state.gpuStorage[scope] ?? {};
+      for (const [name, storage] of Object.entries(created)) {
+        if (currentScope[name]) {
+          result[name] = currentScope[name];
+        } else {
+          if ("setName" in storage && typeof storage.setName === "function") {
+            storage.setName(`${scope}.${name}`);
+          }
+          if ("name" in storage && typeof storage.name === "string") {
+            storage.name = `${scope}.${name}`;
+          }
+          result[name] = storage;
+          hasNewStorage = true;
+        }
+      }
+      if (hasNewStorage) {
+        set((s) => ({
+          gpuStorage: {
+            ...s.gpuStorage,
+            [scope]: { ...s.gpuStorage[scope], ...result }
+          }
+        }));
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    for (const [name, storage] of Object.entries(created)) {
+      const existing = state.gpuStorage[name];
+      if (existing && isStorageLike(existing)) {
+        result[name] = existing;
+      } else {
+        if ("setName" in storage && typeof storage.setName === "function") {
+          storage.setName(name);
+        }
+        if ("name" in storage && typeof storage.name === "string") {
+          storage.name = name;
+        }
+        result[name] = storage;
+        hasNewStorage = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (hasNewStorage) {
+      set((s) => ({ gpuStorage: { ...s.gpuStorage, ...result } }));
+    }
+    return result;
+  }, [store, scopeDep, readerDep, creatorDep]);
+  return {
+    ...gpuStorage,
+    removeStorage,
+    clearStorage,
+    rebuildStorage,
+    disposeStorage: disposeStorageFn
+  };
+}
+function rebuildAllStorage(store, scope) {
+  store = store.getState().primaryStore ?? store;
+  store.setState((state) => {
+    let newStorage = state.gpuStorage;
+    if (scope && scope !== "root") {
+      const { [scope]: _, ...rest } = state.gpuStorage;
+      newStorage = rest;
+    } else if (scope === "root") {
+      newStorage = {};
+      for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(state.gpuStorage)) {
+        if (!isStorageLike(value)) newStorage[key] = value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      newStorage = {};
+    }
+    return { gpuStorage: newStorage, _hmrVersion: state._hmrVersion + 1 };
+  });
 }
 
-function usePostProcessing(mainCB, setupCB) {
+function useRenderPipeline(mainCB, setupCB) {
   const store = useStore();
   const { scene, camera, renderer, isLegacy } = useThree();
   const callbacksRanRef = React.useRef(false);
@@ -15787,7 +15998,7 @@ function usePostProcessing(mainCB, setupCB) {
   }, [store]);
   const reset = React.useCallback(() => {
     store.setState({
-      postProcessing: null,
+      renderPipeline: null,
       passes: {}
     });
     callbacksRanRef.current = false;
@@ -15800,13 +16011,13 @@ function usePostProcessing(mainCB, setupCB) {
   }, []);
   React.useLayoutEffect(() => {
     if (isLegacy) {
-      throw new Error("usePostProcessing is only available with WebGPU renderer. Set renderer prop on Canvas.");
+      throw new Error("useRenderPipeline is only available with WebGPU renderer. Set renderer prop on Canvas.");
     }
     if (!renderer || !scene || !camera) return;
     const state = store.getState();
     const set = store.setState;
     try {
-      let pp = state.postProcessing;
+      let pp = state.renderPipeline;
       let currentPasses = { ...state.passes };
       let justCreatedPP = false;
       if (!pp) {
@@ -15823,7 +16034,7 @@ function usePostProcessing(mainCB, setupCB) {
       }
       currentPasses.scenePass = scenePass;
       if (!pp.outputNode || justCreatedPP) pp.outputNode = scenePass;
-      set({ postProcessing: pp, passes: currentPasses });
+      set({ renderPipeline: pp, passes: currentPasses });
       const shouldRunCallbacks = justCreatedPP || !callbacksRanRef.current || !cacheValid;
       if (shouldRunCallbacks) {
         if (setupCBRef.current) {
@@ -15845,33 +16056,41 @@ function usePostProcessing(mainCB, setupCB) {
         callbacksRanRef.current = true;
       }
     } catch (error) {
-      console.error("[usePostProcessing] Setup error:", error);
+      console.error("[useRenderPipeline] Setup error:", error);
     }
   }, [store, renderer, scene, camera, isLegacy, rebuildVersion]);
   const passes = useThree((s) => s.passes);
-  const postProcessing = useThree((s) => s.postProcessing);
+  const renderPipeline = useThree((s) => s.renderPipeline);
   return {
     passes,
-    postProcessing,
+    renderPipeline,
     clearPasses,
     reset,
     rebuild,
-    // isReady indicates if PostProcessing is configured and ready for rendering
-    isReady: postProcessing !== null
+    // isReady indicates if RenderPipeline is configured and ready for rendering
+    isReady: renderPipeline !== null
   };
 }
 
 extend(THREE);
 
+exports.Scheduler = scheduler.Scheduler;
+exports.getScheduler = scheduler.getScheduler;
 exports.Block = Block;
 exports.Canvas = Canvas;
+exports.Environment = Environment;
+exports.EnvironmentCube = EnvironmentCube;
+exports.EnvironmentMap = EnvironmentMap;
+exports.EnvironmentPortal = EnvironmentPortal;
 exports.ErrorBoundary = ErrorBoundary;
+exports.FROM_REF = FROM_REF;
 exports.IsObject = IsObject;
+exports.ONCE = ONCE;
+exports.Portal = Portal;
 exports.R3F_BUILD_LEGACY = R3F_BUILD_LEGACY;
 exports.R3F_BUILD_WEBGPU = R3F_BUILD_WEBGPU;
 exports.REACT_INTERNAL_PROPS = REACT_INTERNAL_PROPS;
 exports.RESERVED_PROPS = RESERVED_PROPS;
-exports.Scheduler = Scheduler;
 exports.Texture = Texture;
 exports._roots = _roots;
 exports.act = act;
@@ -15902,35 +16121,49 @@ exports.events = createPointerEvents;
 exports.extend = extend;
 exports.findInitialRoot = findInitialRoot;
 exports.flushSync = flushSync;
+exports.fromRef = fromRef;
 exports.getInstanceProps = getInstanceProps;
+exports.getPrimary = getPrimary;
+exports.getPrimaryIds = getPrimaryIds;
 exports.getRootState = getRootState;
-exports.getScheduler = getScheduler;
 exports.getUuidPrefix = getUuidPrefix;
 exports.hasConstructor = hasConstructor;
+exports.hasPrimary = hasPrimary;
 exports.invalidate = invalidate;
 exports.invalidateInstance = invalidateInstance;
 exports.is = is;
 exports.isColorRepresentation = isColorRepresentation;
 exports.isCopyable = isCopyable;
+exports.isFromRef = isFromRef;
 exports.isObject3D = isObject3D;
+exports.isOnce = isOnce;
 exports.isOrthographicCamera = isOrthographicCamera;
 exports.isRef = isRef;
 exports.isRenderer = isRenderer;
 exports.isTexture = isTexture;
 exports.isVectorLike = isVectorLike;
+exports.once = once;
 exports.prepare = prepare;
+exports.presetsObj = presetsObj;
+exports.rebuildAllBuffers = rebuildAllBuffers;
 exports.rebuildAllNodes = rebuildAllNodes;
+exports.rebuildAllStorage = rebuildAllStorage;
 exports.rebuildAllUniforms = rebuildAllUniforms;
 exports.reconciler = reconciler;
+exports.registerPrimary = registerPrimary;
 exports.removeInteractivity = removeInteractivity;
 exports.removeNodes = removeNodes;
 exports.removeUniforms = removeUniforms;
 exports.resolve = resolve;
 exports.unmountComponentAtNode = unmountComponentAtNode;
+exports.unregisterPrimary = unregisterPrimary;
 exports.updateCamera = updateCamera;
 exports.updateFrustum = updateFrustum;
 exports.useBridge = useBridge;
+exports.useBuffers = useBuffers;
+exports.useEnvironment = useEnvironment;
 exports.useFrame = useFrame;
+exports.useGPUStorage = useGPUStorage;
 exports.useGraph = useGraph;
 exports.useInstanceHandle = useInstanceHandle;
 exports.useIsomorphicLayoutEffect = useIsomorphicLayoutEffect;
@@ -15938,7 +16171,7 @@ exports.useLoader = useLoader;
 exports.useLocalNodes = useLocalNodes;
 exports.useMutableCallback = useMutableCallback;
 exports.useNodes = useNodes;
-exports.usePostProcessing = usePostProcessing;
+exports.useRenderPipeline = useRenderPipeline;
 exports.useRenderTarget = useRenderTarget;
 exports.useStore = useStore;
 exports.useTexture = useTexture;
@@ -15946,3 +16179,4 @@ exports.useTextures = useTextures;
 exports.useThree = useThree;
 exports.useUniform = useUniform;
 exports.useUniforms = useUniforms;
+exports.waitForPrimary = waitForPrimary;