@rangojs/router 0.0.0-experimental.f3c21dba → 0.0.0-experimental.f4a8e8de

package/src/testing/render-route.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+/**
+ * renderRoute — a React-Testing-Library-style helper for unit-testing CLIENT
+ * components that read @rangojs/router client context (useParams, useReverse,
+ * Outlet, useNavigation, useLoader).
+ *
+ * Peer of React Router's createRoutesStub and Expo Router's renderRouter. It
+ * mounts the router's NavigationProvider plus a synthetic segment tree so that
+ * a component under test sees real router context, without spinning up a
+ * server, a Vite build, or a real Flight round-trip.
+ *
+ * FIDELITY CONTRACT — read before relying on this helper:
+ * This renders the CLIENT tree ONLY. The segment tree is built synthetically
+ * from the `routes` you pass; there is no server render and no Flight
+ * (de)serialization. Consequences:
+ *   - It will NOT catch server/client boundary reference-identity remount bugs
+ *     (a server-serialized component reference differing from the client
+ *     reference). Use renderServerTree / e2e for those.
+ *   - It will NOT catch real Flight serialization errors (non-serializable
+ *     props crossing the RSC boundary), loader execution on the server,
+ *     middleware, or handler ordering. Those are renderServerTree / renderHandler
+ *     / e2e territory.
+ *   - Loader data, location state, handle output, and outlet pending state are
+ *     SEEDED directly into client context (see the `loaders` / `locationState` /
+ *     `handles` / `outletPending` options) — nothing is executed on the server.
+ *     This exercises the context read path, not the run path.
+ *   - navigate() commits synchronously, so it does NOT drive the navigation
+ *     lifecycle: useNavigation().state, useLinkStatus().pending, and
+ *     useAction().state stay "idle". Assert pending/loading/submitting transition
+ *     states with renderServerTree / e2e instead (navigate() warns once if used).
+ * What it DOES cover: client hooks that read NavigationProvider /
+ * OutletContext — useParams, useReverse, useHref, useMount, useNavigation,
+ * useRouter, usePathname, useSearchParams, Outlet/useOutlet nesting and seeded
+ * descendant pending state, useLoader/useFetchLoader (seeded data),
+ * useLocationState (seeded), and useHandle (seeded).
+ * Basename-mounted apps: pass the `basename` option so useRouter().basename,
+ * <Link> prefixing, and useMount/useHref resolve against the mount prefix
+ * (without it they resolve at the root "/"). For an include("/shop", ...)
+ * subtree, pass the `mount` option so useMount() returns the mounted prefix
+ * (the segment chain is wrapped in a MountContext exactly as in production).
+ */
+
+import { useEffect, type ReactNode, type ComponentType } from "react";
+import type { RenderResult } from "@testing-library/react";
+import { renderSegments } from "../segment-system.js";
+import {
+  createNavigationStore,
+  generateHistoryKey,
+} from "../browser/navigation-store.js";
+import { createEventController } from "../browser/event-controller.js";
+import { resolveDeferredHandleValues } from "../handles/deferred-resolution.js";
+import type { NavigationStore, NavigationBridge } from "../browser/types.js";
+import type { EventController } from "../browser/event-controller.js";
+import type { ResolvedSegment, RscMetadata } from "../browser/types.js";
+import { NavigationProvider } from "../browser/react/NavigationProvider.js";
+import {
+  compilePattern,
+  buildParamsFromMatch,
+} from "../router/pattern-matching.js";
+import { normalizeBasename } from "../router/basename.js";
+import type { LoaderDefinition } from "../types.js";
+import type { LocationStateDefinition } from "../browser/react/location-state-shared.js";
+import type { Handle } from "../handle.js";
+import type { ThemeConfig } from "../theme/types.js";
+import { resolveThemeConfig } from "../theme/constants.js";
+import { isUnderTestRunner } from "../runtime-env.js";
+import { setupNavigationBridgeDelegatedPrefetch } from "../browser/navigation-bridge.js";
+import { resetAdaptiveStrategyForTesting } from "../browser/prefetch/default-strategy.js";
+import { resetPrefetchObserverForTesting } from "../browser/prefetch/observer.js";
+import type { PrefetchStrategy } from "../router/prefetch-default.js";
+
+const TEST_ORIGIN = "http://localhost";
+let activePrefetchRegistrations = 0;
+let pendingPrefetchReset: object | undefined;
+
+/**
+ * Seed shape for `options.handle`, matching the handle wire format:
+ * `{ [handleName]: { [segmentId]: pushedValues[] } }` (each segment accumulates
+ * an array of values pushed for that handle).
+ */
+export type HandleDataSeed = Record<string, Record<string, unknown[]>>;
+
+const syntheticIds = new WeakMap<object, string>();
+let syntheticIdCounter = 0;
+
+function ensureSyntheticId(
+  handle: object,
+  field: "$$id" | "__rsc_ls_key",
+): string {
+  const existing = (handle as Record<string, string>)[field];
+  if (existing) return existing;
+  let id = syntheticIds.get(handle);
+  if (!id) {
+    id = `__rango_test_id_${syntheticIdCounter++}`;
+    syntheticIds.set(handle, id);
+  }
+  (handle as Record<string, string>)[field] = id;
+  return id;
+}
+
+function cloneHandleSeed(seed?: HandleDataSeed): HandleDataSeed {
+  const out: HandleDataSeed = {};
+  for (const [name, segMap] of Object.entries(seed ?? {})) {
+    out[name] = { ...segMap };
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+export interface RenderRouteSpec {
+  /**
+   * The route pattern this node matches, e.g. "/products/:productId". The LAST
+   * spec in the array is treated as the leaf route; earlier specs are layouts
+   * wrapping it. Only the leaf pattern is matched against the `request` URL to
+   * extract params; layout patterns are informational.
+   */
+  path: string;
+  /** The component rendered for this node (the leaf route or a layout body). */
+  Component: ComponentType;
+  /**
+   * Optional layout component. When set on the LEAF spec it wraps the route in
+   * its own layout segment (useful for a route that owns a layout). Prefer
+   * expressing layouts as their own array entries instead.
+   */
+  layout?: ComponentType;
+  /**
+   * Loader ids ($$id) whose seeded data (from `options.loaderData`) should be
+   * attached to THIS node's segment so useLoader/useFetchLoader resolve it from
+   * context. When omitted, every key in `options.loaderData` is attached to the
+   * leaf route segment.
+   */
+  loaderIds?: string[];
+  /** Optional route name (informational; not used for matching). */
+  name?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Options for renderRoute.
+ */
+export interface RenderRouteOptions {
+  /**
+   * The initial location to render at: a `Request`, or a URL string (absolute or
+   * path). Only the URL is read (this is a client render — headers/method are
+   * ignored); named `request` for parity with the other primitives. Defaults to
+   * the leaf spec's static prefix or "/".
+   */
+  request?: Request | string;
+  /**
+   * Loader data to seed into client context, keyed by loader id ($$id). A
+   * component calling useLoader(SomeLoader) reads `loaderData[SomeLoader.$$id]`.
+   * Seeded values are placed in the route segment's OutletProvider context, so
+   * the read path is exercised without executing any loader.
+   */
+  loaderData?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  /**
+   * Descendant client-route pending state to seed into each synthetic segment's
+   * production OutletProvider, so `useOutlet().pending` can be tested alongside
+   * `useOutlet().content`. Defaults to false.
+   *
+   * This is a seeded outlet-context value only. It does not model arbitrary
+   * Suspense, navigation, or action pending state.
+   */
+  outletPending?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Loaders to seed by REFERENCE — the robust way to test a component that calls
+   * `useLoader(loader)`. A real `createLoader()` handle has an empty `$$id` in a
+   * bare test (the id is injected by the Vite plugin at build time), so keying
+   * `loaderData` by `$$id` collides under `""` and `useLoader` resolves nothing.
+   * Passing `[loader, data]` pairs lets renderRoute assign a synthetic stable id
+   * and wire `useLoader` to it. Prefer this over `loaderData` for real handles.
+   *
+   * NOTE: when a real handle has no `$$id`, renderRoute MUTATES it to assign a
+   * synthetic stable id (so repeat renders key consistently). This is a side
+   * effect on your input object; a handle reused across tests keeps that id.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // useLoader returns an ENVELOPE — destructure `data`, it is not the bare value.
+   * function CartBadge() {
+   *   const { data } = useLoader(CartLoader); // NOT `useLoader(CartLoader).itemCount`
+   *   return <span>{data.itemCount}</span>;
+   * }
+   * renderRoute([{ path: "/cart", Component: CartBadge }], {
+   *   loaders: [[CartLoader, { itemCount: 3, total: 89.97 }]],
+   * });
+   */
+  loaders?: ReadonlyArray<readonly [LoaderDefinition<any>, unknown]>;
+  /**
+   * Explicit params. Merged over (and overriding) params extracted from the
+   * `request` URL. Use this when the URL alone cannot express the params, or to
+   * avoid relying on URL parsing. Supplying params also OPTS OUT of the
+   * request/leaf match check: a `request` whose pathname does not resolve the
+   * leaf is normally rejected under the test runner, but passing params here
+   * tells renderRoute the request is intentionally not the param source.
+   */
+  params?: Record<string, string>;
+  /**
+   * Location-state values to seed by REFERENCE, for components that call
+   * `useLocationState(StateDef)`. Like loaders, a real `createLocationState()`
+   * handle has an empty injected key in a bare test, so pass `[def, value]`
+   * pairs; renderRoute assigns a synthetic key and writes it to `history.state`.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * renderRoute([{ path: "/", Component: FlashBanner }], {
+   *   locationState: [[FlashMessage, { text: "Saved" }]],
+   * });
+   */
+  locationState?: ReadonlyArray<
+    readonly [LocationStateDefinition<any, any>, unknown]
+  >;
+  /**
+   * Handles to seed by REFERENCE, for components that read handle output via
+   * `useHandle(SomeHandle)` (e.g. a client `Breadcrumbs` trail). Each entry is
+   * `[handle, pushedValues[]]` — the values a route's handlers would have pushed;
+   * renderRoute attaches them to the leaf route segment under the handle's id.
+   * Built-in handles (Breadcrumbs/Meta) have stable ids and work directly.
+   *
+   * Handle data is accumulated GLOBALLY on the event controller, not scoped per
+   * segment like loaders — so ANY component in the chain reads the seeded values,
+   * a LAYOUT (e.g. a DetailLayout/ActionToolbar reading a handle) just as much as
+   * the leaf route. Most handle usage is server-side (`ctx.use(...)`) and is
+   * better covered by `renderToFlightString`/e2e; this seeds the client read path
+   * only.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * renderRoute([{ path: "/p", Component: BreadcrumbTrail }], {
+   *   handles: [[Breadcrumbs, [{ label: "Home", href: "/" }, { label: "P", href: "/p" }]]],
+   * });
+   */
+  handles?: ReadonlyArray<readonly [Handle<any, any>, unknown[]]>;
+  /**
+   * Advanced: raw handle data in wire format
+   * `{ [handleId]: { [segmentId]: pushedValues[] } }`. Prefer `handles` (which
+   * computes the segment id for you). Merged with `handles`.
+   */
+  handle?: HandleDataSeed;
+  /**
+   * Route name -> pattern map. Informational for parity with the server test
+   * context; client useReverse takes its map directly as an argument, so this
+   * is not consumed by the client hooks.
+   */
+  routeMap?: Record<string, string>;
+  /**
+   * Router basename (the `createRouter({ basename })` value). Wired into
+   * NavigationProvider so `useRouter().basename`, `<Link>` href prefixing, and
+   * `useMount`/`useHref` resolve against the mounted prefix instead of the root.
+   * Normalized exactly like createRouter (leading slash forced, trailing
+   * stripped, bare "/" -> undefined). Defaults to undefined (root mount).
+   */
+  basename?: string;
+  /**
+   * include() mount prefix, to model an `include("/shop", ...)` subtree so a
+   * component (route OR layout in the chain) calling `useMount()` returns the
+   * mounted prefix instead of "/". Wraps the segment chain in a MountContext
+   * exactly as `renderSegments` does in production (a segment whose `mountPath`
+   * is set is wrapped in a MountContextProvider). Normalized like a path prefix
+   * (leading slash forced, trailing stripped, bare "/" -> root). Defaults to "/".
+   * An explicitly-passed `request` must match the leaf `path` directly (paths are
+   * include-RELATIVE; the mount does NOT rewrite the request) — pass the relative
+   * path, not the mount-prefixed one, or renderRoute throws rather than silently
+   * rendering empty params.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * renderRoute([{ path: "/c/wine", Component: ProductPage }], { mount: "/shop" });
+   * // useMount() inside ProductPage returns "/shop"
+   */
+  mount?: string;
+  /**
+   * Theme config in the `createRouter({ theme })` shape (resolved internally) to
+   * wrap the tree in a ThemeProvider. Defaults to no provider. Note: a component
+   * that calls `useTheme()` REQUIRES a provider — it throws "used outside
+   * ThemeProvider" without one — so pass a config (e.g. `true`) to test such a
+   * component.
+   */
+  theme?: ThemeConfig | true;
+  /**
+   * CSP nonce to seed via NonceContext, so a component calling `useNonce()`
+   * (e.g. an analytics/GTM head-script component) sees this value — mirroring
+   * what the SSR renderer provides per request. Defaults to undefined (the
+   * browser default), matching production client behavior.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * const { getByTestId } = await renderRoute(
+   *   [{ path: "/", Component: NonceProbe }],
+   *   { nonce: "test-nonce" },
+   * );
+   * expect(getByTestId("nonce").textContent).toBe("test-nonce");
+   */
+  nonce?: string;
+  /**
+   * Router default prefetch strategy scoped to this rendered tree. This mirrors
+   * `createRouter({ defaultPrefetch })` for Links and eligible plain anchors
+   * inside `basename`. `data-prefetch="false"`/`"none"` opts out; `"true"`
+   * allows an application route with a common static-resource suffix but does
+   * not override a `"none"` default.
+   */
+  defaultPrefetch?: PrefetchStrategy;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Imperative handle returned alongside the RTL result.
+ */
+export interface TestRouterHandle {
+  /**
+   * Navigate to a new URL. Re-resolves the URL against the supplied `routes`,
+   * updates params + location, and re-renders the segment tree. This is a
+   * client-only navigation: no server fetch occurs, so only the components in
+   * `routes` can be reached.
+   */
+  navigate(url: string): Promise<void>;
+  /** The current committed pathname. */
+  pathname(): string;
+  /** The current committed params. */
+  params(): Record<string, string>;
+  /** The underlying navigation store (advanced use). */
+  store: NavigationStore;
+  /** The underlying event controller (advanced use). */
+  eventController: EventController;
+}
+
+/** Result of renderRoute: RTL's render result plus the router handle. */
+export type RenderRouteResult = RenderResult & { router: TestRouterHandle };
+
+interface ResolvedMatch {
+  params: Record<string, string>;
+  pathname: string;
+}
+
+function DelegatedPrefetchRegistration({
+  bridge,
+}: {
+  bridge: NavigationBridge;
+}): null {
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const unregister = bridge.registerDelegatedPrefetch();
+    pendingPrefetchReset = undefined;
+    activePrefetchRegistrations++;
+    return () => {
+      try {
+        unregister();
+      } finally {
+        activePrefetchRegistrations--;
+        if (activePrefetchRegistrations === 0) {
+          const reset = {};
+          pendingPrefetchReset = reset;
+          queueMicrotask(() => {
+            if (
+              pendingPrefetchReset !== reset ||
+              activePrefetchRegistrations !== 0
+            ) {
+              return;
+            }
+            pendingPrefetchReset = undefined;
+            resetPrefetchObserverForTesting();
+            resetAdaptiveStrategyForTesting();
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }, [bridge]);
+  return null;
+}
+
+function matchLeaf(
+  pattern: string,
+  pathname: string,
+): Record<string, string> | null {
+  const compiled = compilePattern(pattern);
+  const match = compiled.regex.exec(pathname);
+  if (!match) return null;
+  // Reuse the production param builder so the harness matches the real matcher
+  // exactly (named catch-all "" binding, decoding) instead of forking it.
+  return buildParamsFromMatch(match, compiled.paramNames, compiled.catchAll);
+}
+
+function staticPrefix(pattern: string): string {
+  const out: string[] = [];
+  for (const part of pattern.split("/")) {
+    if (part === "") continue;
+    if (part.startsWith(":") || part === "*") break;
+    out.push(part);
+  }
+  return "/" + out.join("/");
+}
+
+function buildSegments(
+  routes: RenderRouteSpec[],
+  params: Record<string, string>,
+  loaderData: Record<string, unknown>,
+  mount?: string,
+): ResolvedSegment[] {
+  const segments: ResolvedSegment[] = [];
+  const leafIndex = routes.length - 1;
+  let idPath = "";
+
+  const seededIds = Object.keys(loaderData);
+  const explicitlyOwned = new Set<string>();
+  for (const spec of routes) {
+    for (const id of spec.loaderIds ?? []) explicitlyOwned.add(id);
+  }
+
+  routes.forEach((spec, i) => {
+    const isLeaf = i === leafIndex;
+    const tag = isLeaf ? `R${i}` : `L${i}`;
+    idPath = idPath + tag;
+    const segmentId = idPath;
+
+    const Component = spec.Component;
+    const node: ResolvedSegment = {
+      id: segmentId,
+      namespace: "",
+      type: isLeaf ? "route" : "layout",
+      index: i,
+      component: <Component />,
+      params,
+      belongsToRoute: true,
+    };
+    if (mount) node.mountPath = mount;
+    if (isLeaf && spec.layout) {
+      const Layout = spec.layout;
+      node.layout = <Layout />;
+    }
+    segments.push(node);
+
+    const ownedIds = spec.loaderIds
+      ? spec.loaderIds.filter((id) => id in loaderData)
+      : isLeaf
+        ? seededIds.filter((id) => !explicitlyOwned.has(id))
+        : [];
+
+    ownedIds.forEach((loaderId, li) => {
+      segments.push({
+        id: `${segmentId}D${li}.${loaderId}`,
+        namespace: "",
+        type: "loader",
+        index: li,
+        component: null,
+        loaderId,
+        loaderData: loaderData[loaderId],
+        params,
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  return segments;
+}
+
+export async function renderRoute(
+  routes: RenderRouteSpec[],
+  options: RenderRouteOptions = {},
+): Promise<RenderRouteResult> {
+  if (routes.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error("renderRoute: `routes` must contain at least one entry");
+  }
+  if ("initialUrl" in options) {
+    throw new Error(
+      "renderRoute: the `initialUrl` option was renamed to `request`. " +
+        "Pass { request: <Request | url> } instead.",
+    );
+  }
+
+  const { render, act } = await import("@testing-library/react");
+
+  const leaf = routes[routes.length - 1];
+  const requestUrl =
+    options.request instanceof Request ? options.request.url : options.request;
+  const initialUrl = requestUrl ?? staticPrefix(leaf.path) ?? "/";
+  const url = new URL(initialUrl, TEST_ORIGIN);
+
+  const loaderData: Record<string, unknown> = { ...(options.loaderData ?? {}) };
+  for (const [loader, data] of options.loaders ?? []) {
+    loaderData[ensureSyntheticId(loader as object, "$$id")] = data;
+  }
+
+  if (typeof window !== "undefined") {
+    const stateObj: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    for (const [def, value] of options.locationState ?? []) {
+      stateObj[ensureSyntheticId(def as object, "__rsc_ls_key")] = value;
+    }
+    window.history.replaceState(stateObj, "");
+  }
+
+  const resolve = (pathname: string): ResolvedMatch => {
+    const matched = matchLeaf(leaf.path, pathname) ?? {};
+    return {
+      params: { ...matched, ...(options.params ?? {}) },
+      pathname,
+    };
+  };
+  const initialMatch = resolve(url.pathname);
+
+  const historyKey = generateHistoryKey(url.href);
+  const mount = normalizeBasename(options.mount);
+  const basename = normalizeBasename(options.basename);
+  // Fail loud on a request that cannot resolve the leaf route (a typo, or the
+  // mount-prefixed-vs-relative confusion) instead of silently rendering empty
+  // params (matchLeaf -> null -> {}). renderRoute paths are include-RELATIVE and
+  // resolve() matches the request against the leaf as-is, so the request must be
+  // the relative form — a mount does NOT rewrite it. Only checked when `request`
+  // was passed explicitly (a defaulted request is staticPrefix of the leaf and
+  // always matches). Skipped when explicit `params` are supplied: those are
+  // merged over the URL-extracted params in resolve(), so the request is
+  // intentionally not the param source and an empty matchLeaf is not the trap.
+  // Gated on the test runner so it can never affect production.
+  if (
+    options.request !== undefined &&
+    Object.keys(options.params ?? {}).length === 0 &&
+    isUnderTestRunner() &&
+    matchLeaf(leaf.path, url.pathname) === null
+  ) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `renderRoute: request "${url.pathname}" does not match the leaf route ` +
+        `"${leaf.path}"${mount ? ` (mount "${mount}")` : ""}. renderRoute paths ` +
+        `are include-RELATIVE: pass a request that matches "${leaf.path}" ` +
+        `(e.g. "${staticPrefix(leaf.path)}"). A mount does NOT auto-rewrite the ` +
+        `request — pass the relative path, not the mount-prefixed one. If the ` +
+        `request URL intentionally does not carry the params, pass them ` +
+        `explicitly via the \`params\` option to bypass this check.`,
+    );
+  }
+  const initialSegments = buildSegments(
+    routes,
+    initialMatch.params,
+    loaderData,
+    mount,
+  );
+  const store = createNavigationStore({
+    initialLocation: { href: url.href },
+    initialSegmentIds: initialSegments.map((s) => s.id),
+    initialHistoryKey: historyKey,
+    initialSegments,
+    crossTabSync: false,
+  });
+  const leafRouteSegmentId =
+    [...initialSegments].reverse().find((s) => s.type === "route")?.id ??
+    initialSegments[initialSegments.length - 1]?.id;
+  const handleSeed: HandleDataSeed = cloneHandleSeed(options.handle);
+  for (const [handle, values] of options.handles ?? []) {
+    if (leafRouteSegmentId === undefined) continue;
+    const id = (handle as unknown as { $$id: string }).$$id;
+    (handleSeed[id] ??= {})[leafRouteSegmentId] = values;
+  }
+
+  const eventController = createEventController({ initialLocation: url });
+  eventController.setParams(initialMatch.params);
+  // Resolve-by-default: resolve any deferred (Promise) seeded handle values
+  // before applying, so the seeded handles reach collect/useHandle resolved —
+  // matching what the server/client do in a real app.
+  const resolvedSeed = await resolveDeferredHandleValues(handleSeed);
+  eventController.setHandleData(
+    resolvedSeed,
+    initialSegments.map((s) => s.id),
+  );
+
+  let warnedNavLifecycle = false;
+  const navigate = async (target: string): Promise<void> => {
+    // renderRoute commits navigations synchronously (no server fetch, no Flight
+    // stream), so it never drives the navigation lifecycle. The transition state
+    // useNavigation()/useLinkStatus()/useAction() read stays "idle" — asserting a
+    // pending/loading/submitting state here proves nothing. Warn once (per render)
+    // under the test runner so that false-confidence trap is loud, not silent.
+    if (isUnderTestRunner() && !warnedNavLifecycle) {
+      warnedNavLifecycle = true;
+      console.warn(
+        "renderRoute: navigate()/useRouter().push commit synchronously and do " +
+          "NOT drive the navigation lifecycle. useNavigation().state, " +
+          'useLinkStatus().pending, and useAction().state stay "idle" here. ' +
+          "Assert params/pathname/content after navigate(); use renderServerTree " +
+          "or e2e to assert pending/loading/submitting transition states.",
+      );
+    }
+    const nextUrl = new URL(target, TEST_ORIGIN);
+    const match = resolve(nextUrl.pathname);
+    const segments = buildSegments(routes, match.params, loaderData, mount);
+    const metadata = makeMetadata(nextUrl.pathname, segments, match.params);
+    const root = await renderSegments(segments, {
+      outletPending: options.outletPending,
+    });
+    eventController.setLocation(nextUrl);
+    eventController.setParams(match.params);
+    store.setCurrentUrl(nextUrl.href);
+    store.setSegmentIds(segments.map((s) => s.id));
+    await act(async () => {
+      store.emitUpdate({ root, metadata });
+    });
+  };
+
+  let prefetchRoot: HTMLElement | undefined;
+  const bridge: NavigationBridge = {
+    navigate: (target) => navigate(target),
+    refresh: () => navigate(url.pathname + url.search),
+    handlePopstate: async () => {},
+    registerLinkInterception: () => () => {},
+    registerDelegatedPrefetch: () =>
+      setupNavigationBridgeDelegatedPrefetch(
+        store,
+        eventController,
+        () => undefined,
+        {
+          defaultPrefetch: options.defaultPrefetch,
+          root: prefetchRoot,
+          basename,
+        },
+      ),
+    getVersion: () => undefined,
+    updateVersion: () => {},
+  };
+
+  const initialMetadata = {
+    ...makeMetadata(url.pathname, initialSegments, initialMatch.params),
+    defaultPrefetch: options.defaultPrefetch,
+  };
+  const initialTree = await renderSegments(initialSegments, {
+    outletPending: options.outletPending,
+  });
+
+  // Wrap render in an awaited async act so a tree that suspends (async loaders,
+  // loading states, deferred handle entries that arrive as a Promise) settles its
+  // Suspense within act — otherwise React orphans the resolution ("a component
+  // suspended inside an act scope, but the act call was not awaited") and the
+  // resolved content never reaches the asserted DOM.
+  let result!: Awaited<ReturnType<typeof render>>;
+  const container = document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("div"));
+  prefetchRoot = container;
+  await act(async () => {
+    result = render(
+      <>
+        <NavigationProvider
+          store={store}
+          eventController={eventController}
+          initialPayload={{ root: initialTree, metadata: initialMetadata }}
+          bridge={bridge}
+          basename={basename}
+          themeConfig={
+            options.theme === undefined
+              ? null
+              : resolveThemeConfig(options.theme)
+          }
+          nonce={options.nonce}
+        />
+        <DelegatedPrefetchRegistration bridge={bridge} />
+      </>,
+      { baseElement: document.body, container },
+    );
+  });
+
+  const router: TestRouterHandle = {
+    navigate,
+    pathname: () => new URL(eventController.getLocation().href).pathname,
+    params: () => eventController.getParams(),
+    store,
+    eventController,
+  };
+
+  return Object.assign(result, { router });
+}
+
+function makeMetadata(
+  pathname: string,
+  segments: ResolvedSegment[],
+  params: Record<string, string>,
+): RscMetadata {
+  return {
+    pathname,
+    segments,
+    params,
+    matched: segments.map((s) => s.id),
+    isPartial: false,
+  };
+}